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Amasoko Nkuru
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Incamake y'igihugu
Somaliya, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Somaliya, ni igihugu giherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika. Ihuza imbibi na Djibouti mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, Etiyopiya mu burengerazuba na Kenya mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba. Ifite abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 15, ifite uruvange rutandukanye rw'amoko n'imico. Somaliya ifite aho ihurira n’inzira mpuzamahanga zoherezwa mu mahanga, ku buryo ifite akamaro mu bucuruzi n’ubucuruzi. Umurwa mukuru ni Mogadishu, ari nawo mujyi munini mu gihugu. Somaliya n'Icyarabu ni indimi zemewe zivugwa n'abenegihugu. Mu mateka, Somaliya yari ikigo gikomeye cy'ubucuruzi kubera ko cyegereye Arabiya n'Ubuhinde. Yabonye ubwigenge mu Butaliyani ku ya 1 Nyakanga 1960, nyuma yo kwiyunga na Somaliland y'Abongereza. Icyakora, kuva yabonye ubwigenge, Somaliya yahuye n’ibibazo byinshi birimo ihungabana rya politiki n’amakimbirane yabangamiye iterambere. Igihugu cyagize intambara y'abenegihugu guhera mu 1991 nyuma yuko Perezida Siad Barre ahiritswe. Kutagira imiyoborere myiza byatumye habaho ubwicamategeko n’ibibazo by’ubujura ku nkombe z’imyaka myinshi. Byongeye kandi, igihugu nacyo cyahuye n’amapfa akomeye atera inzara yongera imibabaro y’abantu. N'ubwo hari ibibazo, Somaliya yateye intambwe igana ku mutekano binyuze mu gushyiraho inzego za guverinoma zishyigikiwe n’ingabo z’umuryango w’abibumbye zishinzwe kubungabunga amahoro, ndetse no gutera intambwe igana ku kuzamuka kw’ubukungu. Ibihe bya politiki biracyari ingorabahizi ariko hari ibimenyetso bya vuba byerekana iterambere ryiza nk’amatora y’abadepite yabaye muri ntangiriro ya 2021. Mu bukungu, Somaliya yishingikiriza cyane ku buhinzi, ubworozi, no kohereza amafaranga ava mu Banyasomaliya bo mu mahanga.Imiterere itandukanye ishyigikira ubushumba, uburobyi, n'ubuhinzi.Nyamara, ubukungu buhura n'ibibazo bikomeye kubera amakimbirane akomeje, amapfa, ndetse no guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo bike.Somaliland, wenyine -igihugu cyatangajwe giherereye muri Somaliya, ariko kikaba kitazwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga, gifite umutekano ugereranije n’ibigo byateye imbere ugereranije n’uturere two mu majyepfo, birashaka ubwigenge cyangwa ubwigenge kuri guverinoma nkuru ya Somaliya. Mu gusoza, Somaliya ni igihugu cyo mu ihembe rya Afurika gifite amateka akomeye kandi ibidukikije bigoye. N’ubwo umutekano udahungabana muri politiki n’ibibazo bitandukanye, hashyizweho ingamba zo gutuza no kuzamura ubukungu.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Somaliya, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Somaliya, ni igihugu giherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika. Imiterere y’ifaranga rya Somaliya irashobora kuvugwa ko igoye kubera kubura umutekano hamwe n’imiyoborere yo hagati mu myaka yashize. Ifaranga ryemewe rya Somaliya ni Shitingi ya Somaliya (SOS). Ariko, kuva guverinoma yo hagati yasenyuka mu 1991, uturere dutandukanye hamwe n’ibihugu byiyitiriye muri Somaliya byatanze amafaranga yabyo. Harimo Shitingi ya Somaliland (SLS) yo mukarere ka Somaliland na Puntland Shilling (PLS) mukarere ka Puntland. Amashiringi ya Somaliya yongeye kugabanywamo ibice bito bita sente cyangwa senti. Ariko, kubera ifaranga n’ihungabana ry’ubukungu, amadini mato ntakoreshwa gake. Inoti zikunze kuzenguruka ni 1.000 shilingi, 5,000 shilingi, 10,000 shilingi, 20.000. Ibiceri ntibikoreshwa cyane cyangwa bicapwa muri Somaliya. Usibye aya mafranga yemewe yatanzwe ninzego nyobozi mu turere tumwe na tumwe twa Somaliya, ubundi buryo bwo kuvunja buzwi burahari. Harimo amababi ya qat akoreshwa nkifaranga mubice bimwe na bimwe ibihingwa bihingwa cyane; Amadolari y'Abanyamerika yemerwa kubikorwa byinshi; serivisi zamafaranga zigendanwa nka Hormuud zitanga ibikorwa byamafaranga ukoresheje terefone zigendanwa. Twabibutsa ko n’ubwo hashyizweho ingufu mu guhosha imiterere y’ifaranga rya Somaliya hashyirwaho inoti nshya no gushyiraho inzego z’imari zishyizwe hamwe nka Banki Nkuru ya Somaliya (CBS), imbogamizi zijyanye n’ihungabana rya politiki n’amakimbirane akomeje kubangamira iterambere mu gushyiraho ifaranga ry’igihugu kimwe Sisitemu. Muri make, uko ifaranga rya Somaliya rishobora kurangwa no gucikamo ibice hamwe n’amafaranga menshi yo mu karere afatanije hamwe. Shilingi ya Somaliya ikomeje kuba ifaranga ry’igihugu ariko ihura n’ibibazo bikomeye bitewe no kutagenzura guverinoma ndetse n’ibibazo bikomeje kubaho mu mibereho n’ubukungu byatumye ubundi buryo bwo kuvunja bwamamara mu byiciro bya sosiyete.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Amasoko yemewe na Somaliya ni shilingi ya Somaliya. Igipimo cy’ivunjisha ry’amafaranga yo muri Somaliya ku mafaranga akomeye ku isi ashobora guhindagurika kandi birashobora gutandukana. Ariko, guhera muri Nzeri 2021, igereranyo cy’ivunjisha ni ibi bikurikira: 1 US $ (USD) = 5780 Amashiringi ya Somaliya (SOS) 1 Euro (EUR) = 6780 Amashiringi ya Somaliya (SOS) Pound 1 y'Abongereza (GBP) = 7925 Amashiringi ya Somaliya (SOS) Nyamuneka menya ko igipimo cy’ivunjisha gishobora guhinduka bitewe nimpamvu zitandukanye nkubukungu bwubukungu, ibisabwa ku isoko, hamwe na politiki ya politiki.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Somaliya, igihugu giherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika, cyizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi ikomeye umwaka wose. Iyi minsi mikuru nigice cyingenzi cyumuco wa Somaliya kandi ifite akamaro gakomeye kubantu bayo. Umunsi mukuru ukomeye wigihugu muri Somaliya ni umunsi wubwigenge, wizihizwa ku ya 1 Nyakanga buri mwaka. Uyu munsi urizihiza ubwigenge bwa Somaliya mu bukoloni bw’Ubutaliyani mu 1960. Muri ibyo birori harimo parade zirimo imbyino gakondo, ibitaramo bya muzika, ndetse no kwerekana cyane amabendera ya Somaliya mu gihugu hose. Undi munsi mukuru ukomeye ni Eid al-Fitr, wizihizwa mu mpera za Ramadhan. Iri serukiramuco ryizihiza ikiruhuko cyukwezi kwisonzesha hamwe namasengesho nibirori bihuza imiryango nabaturage. Mugihe cya Eid al-Fitr, Abanyasomaliya bishora mubikorwa by'urukundo batanga impano kubatishoboye. Umunsi w’igihugu cya Somaliya ku ya 21 Ukwakira wibukije ubumwe bw’Abongereza Somaliland (ubu ni Somaliland) na Somaliya y’Ubutaliyani (ubu ni Somaliya) kugira ngo bibe igihugu kimwe cyunze ubumwe kuri uyu munsi mu 1969. Mu rwego rwo kwizihiza uyu munsi, ibirori by’umuco bibera byerekana ibihangano gakondo nko kuvuga inkuru. , gusoma ibisigo, kubyina imbyino, n'amoko y'ingamiya. Byongeye kandi, Ashura ifite akamaro mu idini mu baturage benshi b’abayisilamu bo muri Somaliya. Yizihijwe ku munsi wa cumi wa Muharram - ukwezi ukurikije kalendari ya kisilamu - Ashura yibuka ibintu byabayeho mu mateka nko kuba Mose yarambutse inyanja Itukura cyangwa abamaritiri mu mateka ya mbere ya kisilamu. Ku munsi wa Ashura abantu bisiba kwiyiriza kuva bucya kugeza izuba rirenze mugihe bakora amasengesho bashaka imbabazi no gutekereza ku rugendo rwabo rwo mu mwuka. Iyi minsi mikuru igira uruhare runini muri societe ya Somaliya kuko itanga amahirwe kubantu guhurira hamwe nkumuryango nubwo bahura nibibazo bya politiki no kwishimira amateka n'imigenzo basangiye.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Somaliya ni igihugu giherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika, kandi uko ubucuruzi bwacyo bugenda buterwa n’impamvu nyinshi zirimo umutekano w’umutekano muke, kutagira ibikorwa remezo, n’umutungo kamere muto. Ubukungu bwa Somaliya bushingiye cyane ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga kugirango butunge. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga birimo amatungo (cyane cyane ingamiya), ibitoki, amafi, imibavu, na mira. Kwohereza amatungo bifite akamaro kanini kuko Somaliya ifite umwe mubaturage benshi muri Afurika. Ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ahanini bigenewe akarere ko mu burasirazuba bwo hagati. Ku bijyanye n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga, Somaliya yishingikiriza cyane ku bicuruzwa by’ibiribwa nkumuceri, ifu y ingano, isukari, n’amavuta y’ibimera kubera umusaruro w’ubuhinzi udahagije uterwa n’amapfa akunze guhungabana muri politiki. Ibindi bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga birimo imashini n'ibikoresho bigamije kubaka. Icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko urwego rw’ubucuruzi rwa Somaliya ruhura n’ibibazo byinshi. Amakimbirane akomeje kuba mu gihugu agabanya ubushobozi bw’umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu mu gihe bibangamira ubucuruzi bwo kwishora mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ubusambo ku nkombe za Somaliya nabwo bwahagaritse ibikorwa byo mu nyanja ku buryo bugaragara. Byongeye kandi, kuba nta sisitemu yemewe ya banki igira uruhare mu gukora ibikorwa mpuzamahanga no kugabanya ishoramari ry’amahanga mu gihugu. Amafaranga yoherejwe n’abanyamahanga bo muri Somaliya agira uruhare runini mu gukomeza ibikorwa by’ubukungu ariko rimwe na rimwe birashobora kutavuguruzanya bitewe n’impamvu za geopolitike zigira ingaruka ku bihugu byakira aho imiryango ya diaspora ituye. Hashyizweho ingufu n’inzego z’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’imiryango mpuzamahanga gushimangira urwego rw’ubucuruzi rwa Somaliya binyuze mu bikorwa byo kongerera ubushobozi hagamijwe guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo by’ibyambu no kunoza imikorere ya gasutamo. Byongeye kandi, politiki zitandukanye zashyizwe mu bikorwa hagamijwe guteza imbere amahirwe yo gushora imari mu nzego nk'itumanaho. Mu gusoza, ikibazo cy’ubucuruzi cya Somaliya gihura n’ibibazo bikomeye kubera amakimbirane yo mu gihugu, umutekano muke wa politiki, no kutagira ibikorwa remezo. Igihugu cyiganjemo cyane kohereza amatungo, ibitoki, amafi, n’ibisigazwa by’agaciro, ariko biterwa ahanini n’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Kuba hari ubujura buhungabanya ibikorwa byo mu nyanja. .N'ubwo hashyizweho ingufu, iterambere ry’imirenge ya Somaliya irakomeye.Nkuko umutekano ugenda utera imbere ndetse n’ibikorwa remezo nkenerwa byateye imbere, ubucuruzi bwa Somaliya bushobora kumurika.
Iterambere ryisoko
Somaliya, iherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika, ifite amahirwe menshi adakoreshwa mu guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. N’ubwo duhura n’ibibazo bikomeje guhungabana nka politiki ndetse n’umutekano, igihugu gifite umutungo kamere ushobora gukoreshwa mu kuzamura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Kimwe mu byiza by'ingenzi bya Somaliya kiri mu nyanja ndende yacyo ku nyanja y'Abahinde. Ibi bitanga amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere urwego rwamazi rwateye imbere, harimo uburobyi n’inganda z’amafi. Hamwe n’ishoramari ry’ibikorwa remezo hamwe n’inzego zinoze, Somaliya irashobora kuba ihuriro ry’akarere k’ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, Somaliya ifite ubutaka bunini bwubuhinzi bufasha guhinga imyaka itandukanye nkimineke, imbuto za citrusi, ikawa, ipamba, na sesame. Ikirere cyiza cy’igihugu cyemerera ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi umwaka wose. Icyakora, kubera imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo amakimbirane no kugera ku masoko mpuzamahanga, urwego rw’ubuhinzi ntiruratera imbere. Mu kuzamura uburyo bwo kuhira no gutanga ubufasha bwa tekiniki ku bahinzi - bishoboka binyuze mu bufatanye n’amasosiyete y’amahanga - Somaliya ishobora kongera umusaruro w’ubuhinzi ku buryo bugaragara. Byongeye kandi, amabuye y'agaciro nk'ububiko bwa uranium yavumbuwe mu turere tumwe na tumwe twa Somaliya. Gucukumbura ayo mabuye y'agaciro byasaba ishoramari ryinshi mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'ibikorwa remezo ariko bishobora gutera imbaraga mu kwinjiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, ukurikije aho iherereye mu nzira nini zo kohereza uhuza Uburayi na Aziya na Afurika hamwe n’amasoko yo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati - bizwi ko ari ihuriro ry’ibikoresho byohereza ibicuruzwa - Somaliya ifite amahirwe menshi yo kuba irembo ry’ubucuruzi hagati y’uturere. Mu gusoza, nubwo ihura n’ibibazo byinshi bibangamira iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bwo hanze muri iki gihe - nk’umutekano muke wa politiki & ibibazo by’umutekano - Somaliya iracyafite imbaraga zidasanzwe zidakoreshwa mu nzego zinyuranye nk’uburobyi / ubworozi bw’amafi / ubuhinzi / ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro / ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga hifashishijwe umutungo kamere kamere hamwe n’ahantu hateganijwe. ; hamwe n’ishoramari rihagije ry’ibikorwa remezo / ubufatanye mpuzamahanga / kunoza imikorere y’imiyoborere / umusaruro urashobora kwiyongera cyane - gukurura ishoramari ryinshi ry’amahanga & gutandukanya inzira zinjira amaherezo biganisha ku kuzamuka kw’ubukungu no guhungabana.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Kugirango tumenye ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bwa Somaliya, hagomba gutekerezwa ibintu byinshi. Somaliya ahanini ni societe yubuhinzi, ubuhinzi nicyo gikorwa cyingenzi cyubukungu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibikomoka ku buhinzi bifite amahirwe menshi ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bwo hanze. Ubwa mbere, amatungo n'ibikomoka ku nyamaswa birashakishwa cyane mu bicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Somaliya. Amatungo yo muri Somaliya, harimo ingamiya, inka, intama, n'ihene, azwiho ubwiza buhebuje. Igihugu gifite umubare munini w’inyamaswa zikwiriye koherezwa hanze kubera ubutunzi bwinshi bw’abashumba. Kubwibyo, guhitamo amatungo nibicuruzwa bifitanye isano ninyamaswa nkuruhu nimpu birashobora kwerekana inyungu mubucuruzi bwamahanga. Icya kabiri, urebye ikirere cyakarere hamwe ninyanja nini yinyanja yu Buhinde, ibicuruzwa byuburobyi nabyo bitanga amahirwe menshi. Uburobyi muri Somaliya ni bwinshi kubera ko bwegereye ahantu henshi ho kuroba. Kwohereza hanze amafi mashya cyangwa yatunganijwe birashobora kuba umushinga utanga ikizere. Icya gatatu, umusaruro wubuhinzi nkimbuto n'imboga birashobora gutoranywa nkibicuruzwa bigurishwa. Bimwe mubihitamo bizwi harimo ibitoki (cyane cyane ubwoko bwigitoki cya Cavendish), imyembe (nka Kent cyangwa Keitt), papayi (ubwoko bwa solo), inyanya (ubwoko butandukanye burimo inyanya za cheri), igitunguru (ubwoko butukura cyangwa umuhondo), nibindi. Izi mbuto n'imboga birashobora guhingwa byoroshye mubihe bishyuha byo muri Somaliya umwaka wose. Icya nyuma ariko ntabwo ari ingenzi cyane ni ubukorikori gakondo bwakozwe nabanyabukorikori bo muri Somaliya bumaze kumenyekana ku isi yose kubera ibishushanyo byabo bidasanzwe ndetse n’umurage ndangamuco wabashizwemo nkibiseke bikozwe mu mababi cyangwa ibyatsi; itapi gakondo ifite amabara meza; ibicuruzwa by'uruhu nk'imifuka cyangwa inkweto; ibikoresho byo kubumba nibindi Muri make, 1) Amatungo n'ibikomoka ku nyamaswa 2) Ibicuruzwa byuburobyi 3) Imbuto n'imboga 4) Ubukorikori gakondo Iyo usesenguye izo nzego zishobora gukurikiranwa no gukurikirana ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibicuruzwa byagenwe n’amasoko mpuzamahanga hamwe n’ingamba zikomeye zo kwamamaza, guhitamo ibyo bicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Somaliya birashobora kuba igikorwa cyiza.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Somaliya ni igihugu giherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika, kandi kirangwa n’imiterere yihariye iranga abakiriya na kirazira. Gusobanukirwa birashobora gufasha ubucuruzi kugendana numuco mugihe ukorana nabakiriya ba Somaliya. Ikintu cya mbere kigaragara kubakiriya ba Somaliya ni imyumvire yabo ikomeye yabaturage hamwe no guhuriza hamwe. Ibi bivuze ko ibyemezo akenshi bifatirwa hamwe, hamwe nigitekerezo cyumuryango cyangwa abantu bizewe. Abashoramari bagomba kwitegura guhuza nabafatanyabikorwa benshi no gushimangira umubano nkigice cyingenzi cyimikoranire yabo. Gushiraho ikizere no gutsimbataza umubano wawe bizamura cyane ubucuruzi. Ikindi kintu cyingenzi kiranga agaciro gakomeye kubahwa no kubahwa muri Somaliya. Abakiriya biteze gufatwa neza, batitaye ku mibereho yabo cyangwa ubukungu. Ibi ntibireba gusa imikoranire imbona nkubone ahubwo bireba no kwishora kumurongo, nkibikorwa byimbuga nkoranyambaga cyangwa itumanaho rya imeri. Icy'ingenzi, umuco wa Somaliya ushimangira cyane indangagaciro n'imigenzo ya kisilamu. Nibyingenzi kubucuruzi kumenya imigenzo y'idini ya kisilamu mugihe bagaburira abakiriya ba Somaliya. Kumva neza iminsi mikuru y’idini, amategeko yimyambarire, kubuza imirire (nkibiryo bya halale), amahame yo gutandukanya uburinganire, nibindi bisabwa bigomba kubahirizwa. Hariho kandi kirazira z'umuco zigomba kubahwa mugihe ukora ubucuruzi muri Somaliya. Kirazira imwe ikomeye ikubiyemo kuganira kubibazo byoroshye nkimiryango cyangwa amoko atabanje kubiherwa uruhushya nabantu babigizemo uruhare. Kuzana ingingo zitavugwaho rumwe zijyanye na politiki cyangwa ibibazo by’umutekano nabyo bigomba kwirindwa keretse mugenzi wawe atangiye ibiganiro nkibi. Ubwanyuma, ni ngombwa kubucuruzi bukorera muri Somaliya guhuza ingamba zabo zo kwamamaza. Imiyoboro gakondo yo kwamamaza ntishobora guhora itanga umusaruro ushimishije bitewe nubushobozi buke cyangwa igipimo cyo gusoma no kwandika mubice bimwe byigihugu; kubwibyo, urubuga rwa sisitemu nka porogaramu zohererezanya ubutumwa zimaze kumenyekana mu baguzi ba Somaliya. Kugira ngo uhuze neza nabakiriya ba Somaliya bisaba kubaka umubano usobanutse ushingiye kububahiriza amahame yumuco mugihe utanga ibicuruzwa / serivisi bigenewe iki gice cyisoko.
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Somaliya, iherereye ku nkombe z’iburasirazuba bwa Afurika, ifite gahunda yihariye ya gasutamo n’abinjira. Kubera ibibazo bya politiki no kubura guverinoma nkuru muri iki gihugu, imigenzo n’imicungire y’abinjira muri Somaliya yacitsemo ibice. Ku bibuga by’indege mpuzamahanga nka Mogadishu Aden Adde ku Kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga, hari abashinzwe abinjira n’abasohoka batunganya pasiporo na viza. Abagenzi binjira cyangwa bava muri Somaliya bagomba kuba bafite pasiporo yemewe nibura amezi atandatu. Ni ngombwa kugenzura ibyangombwa bya viza hakiri kare muri ambasade ya Somaliya cyangwa mu biro by’igihugu cyawe. Amategeko ya gasutamo muri Somaliya arashobora kuba ingorabahizi, kandi ni ngombwa kuyakurikiza byimazeyo. Bahageze, abagenzi bagomba kuzuza urupapuro rwabugenewe rwa gasutamo ruvuga ibintu byabo nibintu byagaciro bazanwa mu gihugu. Nibyiza gutangaza ibintu byose neza kugirango wirinde ibibazo nyuma. Hano hari ibibujijwe kubintu bimwe byemewe muri Somaliya. Kurugero, imbunda, amasasu, ibiyobyabwenge (keretse byateganijwe na muganga), ibitabo by’amadini bitari inyandiko za kisilamu bikenera uruhushya rwihariye rutangwa ninzego zibishinzwe mbere yo kwinjira. Iyo uhagurutse muri Somaliya ukoresheje ikirere cyangwa inyanja, abagenzi barashobora kugenzurwa neza n’abakozi bo mu mashyirahamwe mpuzamahanga agenzura ibipimo by’umutekano w’indege. Abagenzi bagomba kumenya kandi ko ubujura bukomeje kuba ikibazo ku nkombe za Somaliya. Birasabwa kutishora hafi y’amazi ya Somaliya atabiherewe uburenganzira cyangwa ubuyobozi butangwa n’ubuyobozi bw’amazi. Ni ngombwa ku bashyitsi banyura kuri bariyeri zo mu karere ka Somaliya muri Leta zitandukanye nka Puntland cyangwa Somaliland kugira ngo barebe ko bafite ibyangombwa by'ingendo byemewe n'inzego z'ibanze kimwe na pasiporo yabo hamwe na viza zujuje. Mu gusoza, imigenzo n’imicungire y’abinjira n’abasohoka muri Somaliya ihura n’ibibazo kubera ihungabana rya politiki. Mugihe cyo kugera / gusohoka ku bibuga by’indege bikuru bigomba gukurikizwa harimo no kunyura mu bashinzwe abinjira n’abasohoka batunganya pasiporo / viza. Gutangaza amakuru nyayo mu gihe wuzuza impapuro za gasutamo bizafasha kwirinda ibibazo. Ibibujijwe biboneka kubintu bibujijwe.Abakiriya bagomba guhora bagezwaho amakuru yerekeye amabwiriza ariho.Ibibazo by’ubujura buracyahari ku nkombe za Somaliya, bityo rero birasabwa gukurikiza amabwiriza akwiye no gukomeza kugezwaho inama n’ingendo.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Somaliya, igihugu giherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika, gifite uburyo bwisanzuye ku bijyanye n’imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga na politiki y’imisoro. Guverinoma igamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi n’iterambere ry’ubukungu hagamijwe gushyira mu gaciro igipimo cy’imisoro. Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bitangirwa amahoro ya gasutamo ugeze muri Somaliya. Igipimo cyibiciro kiratandukanye bitewe nubwoko bwibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko hari ibicuruzwa bimwe bisonewe imisoro ku bicuruzwa burundu. Igihugu gikurikiza gahunda ishingiye ku gaciro igena imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga, aho abashinzwe za gasutamo basuzuma agaciro ka buri kintu cyatumijwe mu mahanga hashingiwe ku giciro cyatangajwe cyangwa ku isoko. Mubisanzwe, ijanisha ryagaciro ryishyurwa nkumusoro utumizwa mu mahanga. Somaliya kandi ishyiraho indi misoro n'amahoro ajyanye no gutumiza mu mahanga, harimo no kwishyura ibicuruzwa ku byambu no ku bibuga by'indege. Amafaranga yishyurwa aratandukanye bitewe nubunini nuburemere bwibyoherejwe. Twabibutsa ko muri iki gihe Somaliya ikorera mu nzego z’agateganyo za guverinoma ikorana n’ubuyobozi bw’akarere n’ubuyobozi bw’ibanze. Kubera iyo mpamvu, uturere dutandukanye dushobora kugira politiki yimisoro itandukanye bijyanye nibitumizwa mu mahanga. Nibyiza ko ubucuruzi cyangwa abantu batumiza ibicuruzwa muri Somaliya kugisha inama abayobozi cyangwa gushaka inama zumwuga zijyanye n’imisoro n’amabwiriza akoreshwa ku bicuruzwa byabo. Muri rusange, Somaliya ikomeje uburyo bushyize mu gaciro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga hagamijwe koroshya ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi mu gihe byinjiza amafaranga muri serivisi rusange nko guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo na gahunda z’imibereho myiza mu gihugu.
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Somaliya, igihugu giherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika, gifite gahunda y’imisoro idasanzwe mu bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Mu myaka yashize, guverinoma yashyize mu bikorwa ingamba zigamije kuzamura ubukungu no gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga. Ku bijyanye n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, Somaliya ikurikiza politiki y’imisoro yoroheje hitawe ku bintu bitandukanye nk'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa n'igihugu kigana. Igipimo cy'umusoro kuri buri cyiciro cy'ibicuruzwa kigenwa na Minisiteri y'Imari kandi gishobora guhinduka buri gihe ukurikije uko ubukungu bwifashe. Abasohoka mu mahanga basabwa kwishyura imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze mbere yo kuva mu gihugu. Igipimo cy’imisoro yakwa kuri ibyo bicuruzwa giterwa nimpamvu nkigiciro cyibicuruzwa, aho bigenewe, n'amasezerano y'ubucuruzi akurikizwa cyangwa amasezerano n'ibindi bihugu. Somaliya kandi itanga uburyo bwo gushishikariza ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Izi nkunga zirimo gusonerwa imisoro cyangwa kugabanuka ku nzego cyangwa inganda zifatwa nk’ingirakamaro mu iterambere ry’igihugu. Kurugero, ibikomoka ku buhinzi bishobora kwishimira imisoro mike kuko Somaliya igamije kuzamura urwego rw’ubuhinzi. Ni ngombwa ko abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Somaliya bakomeza kumenyeshwa impinduka zose muri politiki y’imisoro kuko zishobora kugira ingaruka ku ngamba z’ibiciro n’inyungu. Kwishora hamwe nabajyanama babigize umwuga bazobereye mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga birashobora kugirira akamaro kugendana namategeko agenga imisoro. Mu gusoza, politiki y’imisoro yohereza ibicuruzwa muri Somaliya yoherezwa mu mahanga irangwa no guhinduka no guhangana n’ubukungu. Mu gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zitandukanye zirimo gushimangira n’igipimo cyiza cy’imisoro ku nzego z’ingenzi, Somaliya igamije guteza imbere iterambere riyobowe n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihe hinjizwa amafaranga menshi ava mu bikorwa mpuzamahanga by’ubucuruzi.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Icyemezo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Somaliya ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu mategeko agenga ubucuruzi mu gihugu. Guverinoma ya Somaliya yashyize mu bikorwa inzira n'ibisabwa kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ari ukuri kandi bifite ireme. Kugirango babone icyemezo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Somaliya bagomba gutanga ibyangombwa bijyanye ninzego zibishinzwe. Izi nyandiko mubisanzwe zirimo inyemezabuguzi, urutonde rwabapakira, icyemezo cyinkomoko, nimpushya zose zikenewe. Icyemezo cy'inkomoko ni gihamya ko ibicuruzwa byakozwe cyangwa bikozwe muri Somaliya. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa bimwe bisaba ibyemezo byinyongera byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga. Kurugero, ibikomoka ku buhinzi birashobora gukenera ibyemezo bya phytosanitarie kugirango hamenyekane ko bidafite udukoko n'indwara. Muri ubwo buryo, ibicuruzwa byibiribwa birashobora gusaba ibyemezo byubuzima byemeza ko byubahirizwa n’umutekano n’ibipimo byiza. Somaliya kandi ishyiraho igenzura ryohereza ibicuruzwa ku bicuruzwa byihariye bifatwa nk’impamvu z’umutekano. Kurugero, intwaro, amasasu, ibiyobyabwenge, ibikomoka ku nyamaswa nk amahembe yinzovu cyangwa amahembe yinkwavu birategekwa cyane cyangwa birabujijwe burundu byoherezwa hanze. Ni ngombwa ko abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Somaliya bakorana cyane n'inzego za Leta nka Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi n'Inganda igihe basaba ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga. Izi nzego zizasuzuma inyandiko zatanzwe n’abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze mbere yo gutanga uruhushya rwo gukomeza kohereza. Ikigamijwe inyuma y’icyemezo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Somaliya ni ukurengera inganda z’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’inyungu z’amasoko yo hanze hubahirizwa imikorere y’ubucuruzi ndetse no kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga. Mu gukurikiza aya mabwiriza no kubona ibyemezo byemewe byoherezwa mu mahanga, abatumiza mu mahanga bo muri Somaliya barashobora kongera icyizere no kugera ku masoko y’isi ku buryo bworoshye mu gihe barinda izina ry’ibicuruzwa byabo byoherezwa mu mahanga.
Basabwe ibikoresho
Somaliya ni igihugu giherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika kandi kizwiho umutungo kamere utandukanye ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo kuzamuka mu bukungu. Ku bijyanye n'ibyifuzo bya logistique, dore ingingo z'ingenzi ugomba gusuzuma: 1. Icyambu cya Mogadishu: Icyambu cya Mogadishu, giherereye mu murwa mukuru, ni rimwe mu marembo akomeye y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga muri Somaliya. Itanga ibikoresho na serivisi bitandukanye kugirango bikemurwe nibitumizwa hanze. 2. Ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda: Somaliya ifite urusobe runini rwimihanda ihuza imigi minini. Ibi bituma ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda ari uburyo bwingenzi bwibikoresho byo mu gihugu imbere. 3. Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere: Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Aden Adde i Mogadishu gikora nk'ikigo mpuzamahanga cy'indege muri Somaliya. Itanga serivisi zitwara imizigo, yorohereza ibikorwa byo gutwara ibintu neza mu kirere, cyane cyane kubyohereza igihe. 4. Ibikoresho byububiko: Mu myaka yashize, hagaragaye ibikoresho byububiko bwigenga mu mijyi minini nka Mogadishu, Hargeisa, na Bosaso. Ububiko butanga uburyo bwiza bwo kubika ibicuruzwa bitegereje kugabanywa cyangwa kohereza hanze. 5. Uburyo bwa gasutamo: Gusobanukirwa inzira za gasutamo ni ngombwa mugihe cyo gutumiza cyangwa kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Somaliya. Menyera amabwiriza akurikizwa kugirango ibicuruzwa bitambuka imipaka. 6.Ubufatanye bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa: aGushiraho ubufatanye namasosiyete yizewe yo gutwara abantu muri Somaliya birashobora kugufasha gutunganya ibikorwa byawe bya logistique utanga uburyo bwo kumenya ubumenyi bwabo hamwe numuyoboro wamato. 7.Abatanga serivisi za Logistique: Abatanga serivisi nyinshi zo gutanga ibikoresho bakorera muri Somaliya bashobora gufasha mu gucunga neza imiyoboro itanga serivisi nko gucunga ubwikorezi, inkunga ya gasutamo, hamwe n’ibisubizo byububiko. 8.Gutekereza ku mutekano: Kurinda ibicuruzwa mu gihe cyo gutambuka ni ngombwa kubera impungenge z’umutekano mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’igihugu. Ibigo byinshi by’ibikoresho byashyizeho ingamba zo kugabanya ingaruka zituma ubwikorezi butekanye bukoresha abaherekeza b'umutekano babigize umwuga cyangwa bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana. 9.Ubumenyi bwaho: Kumenyera ibikorwa byubucuruzi byaho birashobora kuzamura cyane ubushobozi bwibikoresho byawe.Guhitamo abafatanyabikorwa baho bafite ubushishozi bwingenzi ku isoko rya Somaliya birashobora gutanga inyungu zo guhatanira. 10.Amahirwe y'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza: Nubwo hakomeje kubaho ibibazo, urwego rwa logistique rwa Somaliya rufite amahirwe menshi yo kuzamuka. Hamwe n’ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo, ikoranabuhanga, n’umurimo ufite ubuhanga, iki gihugu kirashobora kurushaho gukoresha inyungu z’akarere nk’irembo rya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati. Ibi byifuzo biratanga ishusho rusange yimiterere y'ibikoresho muri Somaliya. Ni ngombwa gukora ubundi bushakashatsi no gukorana bya hafi nabafatanyabikorwa baho kugirango bakemure ibibazo n'amahirwe adasanzwe aka karere gatanga.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Somaliya, iherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika, ni igihugu gifite ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bukomeye. Nubwo ihungabana rya politiki n’ibibazo by’umutekano, Somaliya itanga amahirwe atandukanye ku baguzi mpuzamahanga no guteza imbere ubucuruzi. Iyi ngingo izagaragaza inzira zimwe zingenzi zogutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga no kwerekana imurikagurisha ryingenzi ryubucuruzi muri Somaliya. 1. Icyambu cya Mogadishu: Nka cyambu cyinshi muri Somaliya, icyambu cya Mogadishu ni irembo rikomeye ry’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ikemura ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, bigatuma iba ahantu heza ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Ibicuruzwa byinshi bitumizwa muri iki cyambu, birimo ibiribwa, ibikoresho byo kubaka, imashini, n’ibicuruzwa. 2. Icyambu cya Bosaso: Iherereye mu karere ka Puntland ku kigobe cya Aden, icyambu cya Bosaso ni irindi rembo ry’ingenzi ku batumiza mu mahanga / abatumiza mu mahanga bakorera mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Somaliya. Icyambu gitanga uburyo bwo kugera ku masoko yo muri Puntland no mu bihugu duturanye nka Etiyopiya. 3. Icyambu cya Berbera: Iherereye muri Somaliland (mu majyaruguru), icyambu cya Berbera cyatejwe imbere nk'ihuriro rikuru ryo gutwara abantu mu nyanja kubera aho riherereye ku nkombe z'Inyanja Itukura. Itanga uburyo butaziguye mubihugu bidafite inkombe nka Etiyopiya. 4.Isosiyete itumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga: Isosiyete itumiza mu mahanga ya Sagal ni imwe mu masosiyete akomeye yo muri Somaliya agira uruhare mu koroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu guhuza abaguzi n’abatanga ibicuruzwa / abakora ibicuruzwa / ubucuruzi ku isoko rya Somaliya. Ku bijyanye n'imurikagurisha: 1.Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi bwa Somaliland (SITF): Bikorwa buri mwaka i Hargeisa (umurwa mukuru wa Somaliland), SITF ihagarariye imwe mu imurikagurisha rinini ryabereye mu karere ka Somaliya / Somaliland rikurura ubucuruzi bw’ibanze n’amahanga buturutse mu nzego zitandukanye nk'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, ibicuruzwa bikoresha ibicuruzwa. / abakwirakwiza / abatumiza mu mahanga, 2.Mogadishu Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ryibitabo (MBIF): MBIF yibanda cyane cyane kubacuruza ibitabo / abamamaza / abanditsi / ibigo by’uburezi biteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubuvanganzo / ishoramari ry’urwego rw’uburezi atari imbere gusa ahubwo no hanze y’umuryango uvuga ururimi rwa Somaliya. 3.Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi bw’amatungo ya Somaliya: Urebye Somaliya yiganje mu byoherezwa mu matungo, iri murikagurisha ritanga urubuga ku bohereza ibicuruzwa hanze / abatumiza mu mahanga / abatunganya ibicuruzwa / abahinzi / abacuruzi kugira ngo berekane ibicuruzwa byabo, urusobe, kandi bashake abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi. 4.Somaliland Business Expo: Iri murika ngarukamwaka ritanga urubuga kubucuruzi nabashoramari bashishikajwe nisoko rya Somaliland. Ikubiyemo inzego zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, uburobyi, inganda, ikoranabuhanga, na serivisi. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kubera umutekano w’umutekano muri Somaliya, Muri rusange, Nubwo ifite ibibazo, Somaliya itanga inzira nyinshi zingenzi kubaguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka kwishora mubikorwa byo gutanga amasoko. Ibyambu nka Mogadishu Port, Port ya Bosaso, na Berbera Port bitanga uburyo bwo gutumiza / kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Byongeye kandi, amasosiyete nka Sagal yatumijwe mu mahanga yoherezwa mu mahanga agira uruhare runini mu koroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu gihugu. Byongeye kandi, hano hari imurikagurisha ryingenzi ryubucuruzi nka SITF MBIF, imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi bw’amatungo muri Somaliya, na Somaliland Business Expo itanga amahirwe yo guhuza n’ubucuruzi bw’ibanze mu nzego zitandukanye.
Muri Somaliya, hariho moteri nyinshi zishakisha abantu bakoresha mugushakisha amakuru kumurongo. Dore bimwe muribi hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Guban: Ni urubuga rwa Somaliya na moteri ishakisha itanga amakuru, videwo, namakuru. Urubuga: www.gubanmedia.com 2. Bulsho: Itanga serivisi zitandukanye zirimo moteri ishakisha, ivugurura ryamakuru, ibyiciro, hamwe nurutonde rwakazi. Urubuga: www.bulsho.com 3. Goobjoog: Ni urubuga rwa interineti rutanga amakuru yamakuru mu rurimi rwa Somaliya hamwe na moteri ishakisha. Urubuga: www.goobjoog.com 4. Itangazamakuru rya Waagacusub: Ikigo cyamamare cyo muri Somaliya nacyo gifite ibikoresho byacyo byo gushakisha. Urubuga: www.waagacusub.net 5. Hiiraan Kumurongo: Imwe mumbuga za kera kandi zizwi cyane zo muri Somaliya zitanga ibice bitandukanye byo gushakisha amakuru yamakuru ashingiye ku byiciro bitandukanye. Urubuga: www.hiiraan.com/amakuru/ Izi nizo ngero nkeya gusa za moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa muri Somaliya zitanga ibintu byaho mururimi rwa Somaliya cyangwa zihuza inyungu nibyifuzo byabakoresha interineti ya Somaliya. Ariko, birakwiye ko tumenya ko abantu benshi muri Somaliya bakoresha kandi moteri yubushakashatsi izwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga nka Google (www.google.so) cyangwa Bing (www.bing.com), ishobora kuboneka ahantu hose ku isi kugirango ibone amakuru arenze aho. aho ibintu bigarukira.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Muri Somaliya, amwe mumapaji yingenzi yumuhondo ni: 1. Urupapuro rwumuhondo Somaliya - Ubu ni paji yemewe yumuhondo muri Somaliya. Itanga urutonde rwuzuye rwubucuruzi na serivisi biboneka mu turere dutandukanye twigihugu. URL: www.urubuga.so 2. Urupapuro rwumuhondo rwo muri Somaliya - Ubu bubiko bwa interineti bwibanze ku gutondekanya ubucuruzi butandukanye, imiryango, na serivisi bikorera muri Somaliya. Itanga uburyo bwo gushakisha ukurikije ibyiciro cyangwa ijambo ryibanze kugirango byoroshye kugenda. URL: www.somaliyellowpages.com 3. WaanoYellowPages - Uru rubuga rutanga urubuga kubucuruzi bwa Somaliya kugirango bamenyekanishe ibicuruzwa na serivisi byabo mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga. Harimo amakuru arambuye, aderesi, hamwe nibisobanuro byinganda zitandukanye mubice bitandukanye. URL: www.waanoyellowpages.com 4. GO4WorldBusiness - Nubwo idasanzwe muri Somaliya, ubu bubiko mpuzamahanga bwubucuruzi buhuza abaguzi n’abagurisha ku isi hose, harimo n’amasosiyete yo muri Somaliya ashaka amahirwe y’ubucuruzi ku isi. URL: www.go4isi yisi yose.com / shakisha? 5. Urupapuro rwumuhondo wa Mogdisho - Wibanze ku murwa mukuru Mogadishu, ubu bubiko bwa interineti bwerekana ubucuruzi bwaho nka resitora, amahoteri, amaduka, ibitaro, na serivisi zumwuga nkabavoka cyangwa abubatsi. URL: www.mogdishoyellowpages.com Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kugera ku mutungo wa interineti bishobora kugarukira mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Somaliya kubera ibibazo by’ibikorwa remezo cyangwa ibindi bintu bigira ingaruka ku guhuza. Kubwibyo, gukoresha ububiko bwaho cyangwa kuvugana n’amashyirahamwe y’ubucuruzi yaho nabyo birashobora gufasha mugihe ushakisha amakuru yihariye mukarere runaka mugihugu.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Hano hari Somaliya nyinshi zingenzi za e-ubucuruzi, zitanga ibicuruzwa na serivisi bitandukanye kubakiriya. Dore bimwe mubyingenzi hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Hilbil: Urubuga: www.hilbil.com Hilbil ni imwe mu mbuga za e-ubucuruzi ziza muri Somaliya, zitanga ibicuruzwa byinshi nka elegitoroniki, imideri, ubwiza, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, n'ibindi. Itanga serivisi zo gutanga mumijyi myinshi yo muri Somaliya. 2. Goobal: Urubuga: www.goobal.com Goobal ni isoko ryamamaye kumurongo rihuza abagurisha nabashobora kugura mubice bitandukanye birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imyambaro, ibikoresho, nibikoresho byo murugo. Ihuriro ryabo kandi rishyigikira ubucuruzi bwaho kugirango buteze imbere ubukungu. 3. Isoko rya Soomar: Urubuga: www.soomarmarket.so Isoko rya Soomar rikora nkisoko rya interineti mubyiciro bitandukanye byibicuruzwa nka terefone igendanwa, ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, hamwe n’ibiribwa. Iremera ubucuruzi bwaho nabantu kugiti cyabo kugurisha ibicuruzwa byabo kumurongo mugihe hacuruzwa neza. 4. Guri Yagleel: Urubuga: www.guriyagleel.co Guri Yagleel kabuhariwe mu kugurisha imitungo itimukanwa muri Somaliya binyuze ku rubuga rwayo rwa interineti. Ihuriro ririmo amazu yo guturamo hamwe n’ahantu hacururizwa hagurishwa cyangwa gukodeshwa mu mijyi itandukanye yigihugu. 5. Barii Kumurongo: Urubuga: www.bariionline.com Barii Online Shop itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi byabaguzi bashyizwe mubyiciro byimyambarire & imyambaro (harimo imyambaro gakondo ya Somaliya), ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki & ibikoresho, ibikoresho byita ku muntu kimwe nibiribwa n'ibiribwa bigenewe abaguzi muri Somaliya. Izi porogaramu za e-ubucuruzi zitanga ubunararibonye bwo guhaha kubakiriya ba Somaliya mugutanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gushakisha hamwe n’amarembo yishura neza mugihe bifasha iterambere ryubucuruzi bwaho icyarimwe.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Somaliya, igihugu giherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika, cyabonye iterambere ryinshi mu miterere yacyo ya digitale mu myaka yashize. Mugihe imbuga nkoranyambaga zishobora kutagaragara nko mu bindi bihugu bimwe na bimwe, haracyari imbuga nke zizwi cyane zizwi cyane muri Somaliya. Hano hari imbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa muri Somaliya: 1. Facebook: Kimwe nisi yose, Facebook ikoreshwa cyane muri Somaliya muguhuza abantu no gutumanaho. Iyemerera abakoresha guhuza inshuti nimiryango, gusangira ibishya, guhuza amatsinda / page yinyungu, no kwishora mubintu bitandukanye. Urubuga: www.facebook.com 2. Twitter: Urundi rubuga ruzwi cyane muri Somaliya ni Twitter. Ifasha abakoresha gusangira no kuvumbura amakuru, gukurikira inzira / ingingo ukoresheje hashtags, no gukorana nabandi kwisi yose cyangwa mumiryango runaka. Urubuga: www.twitter.com 3. Snapchat: Iyi porogaramu yohereza ubutumwa bwa multimediya yamenyekanye cyane mu rubyiruko rwo muri Somaliya kubera gusangira amafoto / videwo igihe gito (kubura nyuma yo kureba). Itanga amashusho yerekana kandi yemerera imikoranire binyuze mubutumwa bwihariye. Urubuga: www.snapchat.com 4. Instagram. Urubuga: www.instagram.com 5. YouTube: Nka porogaramu yo gusangira amashusho yamenyekanye ku isi yose na miliyoni z’abantu barimo Abanyasomaliya, YouTube itanga uburyo bwo kubona ibintu byinshi nka videwo yindirimbo, vlogs / amashusho yamakuru yakozwe n'abantu / amatsinda ku isi. Urubuga: www.youtube.com 6 Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kwinjira no gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga bishobora gutandukana bitewe nimpamvu nko kuboneka kwa interineti / guhendwa cyangwa umuco gakondo wiganje mu turere dutandukanye twa Somaliya. Byongeye kandi, Abanyasomaliya bamwe bashobora kandi gukoresha urubuga cyangwa amahuriro yihariye inyungu zabo cyangwa abaturage. Wibuke kwitonda kandi umenye igenamiterere ryibanga n'amabwiriza atangwa nurubuga mugihe ubikoresha mugihugu icyo aricyo cyose.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Somaliya, iherereye ku nkombe y’iburasirazuba bwa Afurika, ifite amashyirahamwe make akomeye. Aya mashyirahamwe afite uruhare runini mu gushyigikira no guhagararira inzego zabo. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Somaliya hamwe na aderesi zabo: 1. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Somaliya (SCCI) - SCCI ni umwe mu mashyirahamwe y’ubucuruzi akomeye muri Somaliya, uhagarariye inganda zitandukanye kandi yorohereza ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi mu gihugu. Urubuga: https://somalichamber.org/ 2. Ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu ry’abagore ba rwiyemezamirimo bo muri Somaliya (SNAWE) - SNAWE ni ishyirahamwe ryibanda ku kongerera ubushobozi ba rwiyemezamirimo batanga inkunga, amahugurwa, amahirwe yo guhuza, no kunganira ubucuruzi bwabo. Urubuga: Ntiboneka muri iki gihe. 3. Ishyirahamwe ry’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa muri Somaliya (SREA) - SREA iteza imbere ingufu z’amashanyarazi muri Somaliya kugira ngo igabanye gushingira ku bicanwa by’ibinyabuzima no kuzamura iterambere rirambye mu rwego rw’ingufu. Urubuga: Ntiboneka muri iki gihe. 4. Ishyirahamwe ry’amabanki y’iterambere rya Somaliya (SoDBA) - SoDBA ihuza abanyamwuga bakora mu bigo by’amabanki n’imari kugirango bungurane ubumenyi, batezimbere ubufatanye, kandi batezimbere imikorere myiza y’amabanki akomeye muri Somaliya. Urubuga: Ntiboneka muri iki gihe. 5. Ishyirahamwe ry’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga muri Somaliya (SITDA) - SITDA ni ishyirahamwe rihagarariye abateza imbere IT n’inzobere mu bice by’ikoranabuhanga bya Somaliya bigenda bitera imbere biteza imbere udushya, guhanga udushya, kwihangira imirimo mu banyamuryango. Urubuga: http://sitda.so/ 6. Ishyirahamwe ry’abarobyi bo muri Somaliya (SFA) - SFA igamije kurengera uburenganzira bw’abarobyi gakondo muri Somaliya mu gihe iteza imbere uburyo bwo kuroba burambye bwo gucunga umutungo w’inyanja. Urubuga: Ntiboneka muri iki gihe. Nyamuneka menya ko amashyirahamwe amwe adashobora kuba afite urubuga rukora cyangwa kuboneka kumurongo kubera impamvu zitandukanye nko kubura amikoro cyangwa amakuru agezweho ataboneka kumurongo

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Hano hari imbuga zubukungu nubucuruzi zijyanye na Somaliya, hamwe na aderesi zabo: 1. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Somaliya (SCCI) - http://www.somalichamber.so/ Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Somaliya ni umuryango uteza imbere iterambere ry’ubucuruzi, ishoramari, n’ubucuruzi muri Somaliya. Urubuga rutanga amakuru kubyerekeye inganda zitandukanye, amahirwe yo gushora imari, amakuru yubucuruzi, nibikorwa. 2. Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari (NIPA) - https://investsomalia.com/ NIPA ishinzwe gukurura ishoramari ritaziguye ry’amahanga muri Somaliya. Urubuga rwabo rutanga ibisobanuro birambuye kubyerekeye amahirwe yo gushora imari mu nzego zitandukanye, amategeko n'amabwiriza ajyanye n'ishoramari, hamwe n'umutungo w'abashoramari bashaka gukora ubucuruzi mu gihugu. 3. Minisiteri yubucuruzi ninganda - http://www.moci.gov.so Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’inganda yibanze ku guteza imbere ubucuruzi muri Somaliya hashyirwaho politiki no guharanira ibidukikije byiza. Urubuga rutanga ubumenyi kuri serivisi za minisiteri, ingamba zafashwe zo koroshya ibikorwa byubucuruzi haba mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga. 4. Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa muri Somaliya (SEPBO) - http://sepboard.gov.so/ SEPBO ikora igamije kuzamura ibikorwa byoherezwa muri Somaliya mu kwerekana amasoko y’ibicuruzwa byaho mu mahanga. Urubuga rwabo rugaragaza amakuru yerekeye inzego zitandukanye aho Somaliya ishobora kwagura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga hamwe n’ingamba zafashwe mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. 5. Ikigo cya Somaliya gishinzwe Iterambere Ubushakashatsi n'isesengura (SIDRA) - http://sidra.so/ SIDRA ni ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi gisesengura imigendekere y’iterambere ry’ubukungu muri Somaliya mu gihe gitanga ibyifuzo bya politiki bigamije kuzamura imibereho n’ubukungu. Urubuga rukubiyemo raporo zijyanye n’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ubukungu nk’ubwiyongere bwa GDP, igipimo cy’ifaranga, imibare y’akazi n’ibindi, bishobora kugirira akamaro abashoramari bashora imari cyangwa bakorera mu gihugu. Izi mbuga zitanga ibikoresho byagaciro kubantu cyangwa ibigo bifuza kwishora mubijyanye nubukungu bwa Somaliya nkicyizere cyishoramari, raporo zisesengura ryamasoko cyangwa urwego rwamabwiriza rushyigikira ibikorwa byubucuruzi mugihugu.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hariho amakuru menshi yubucuruzi yibibazo biboneka kuri Somaliya. Dore bike muri byo: 1. Urubuga rw’ubucuruzi rwa Somaliya (http://www.somtracom.gov.so/): Uru rubuga rwemewe rutanga amakuru y’ubucuruzi yuzuye muri Somaliya, harimo imibare y’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, n’uburinganire bw’ubucuruzi. 2. GlobalTrade.net (https://www. 3. Observatoire yubukungu bugoye (https://oec.world/en/profile/country/som): Uru rubuga rutanga amashusho arambuye no gusesengura uburyo Somaliya yohereza no gutumiza mu mahanga. Harimo kandi amakuru ku bafatanyabikorwa bakomeye bo mu bucuruzi n’ibicuruzwa byoherejwe / bitumizwa mu mahanga. 4 Abakoresha barashobora kubona raporo zirambuye kubitumizwa mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, ibiciro, n'ibindi. 5. Ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ubucuruzi (ITC) Ibikoresho byo gusesengura isoko (https://marketanalysis.intracen.org/#exp=&partner=0&prod=&view=chart&yearRange=RMAX-US&sMode=COUNTRY&rLevel=COUNTRY&rScale=9&pageLoadId=16 ITC itanga ibikoresho byo gusesengura isoko byemerera abakoresha gushakisha amahirwe yisoko muri Somaliya basesengura imbaraga zitumizwa mu mahanga / ibyoherezwa mu mahanga kimwe namakuru yihariye y'ibicuruzwa. Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka nukuri kururu rubuga bishobora gutandukana mugihe; nibyiza gushakisha amasoko menshi kumakuru yubucuruzi yuzuye kandi agezweho muri Somaliya.

B2b

Somaliya ni igihugu giherereye mu ihembe rya Afurika ryabonye iterambere rikomeye mu bucuruzi bwacyo mu myaka yashize. Mugihe kugera kuri enterineti ihamye hamwe na platform yizewe birashobora kuba bike, hariho platform B2B nkeya ikorera muri Somaliya. 1. Ubucuruzi bwa SomaliyaNet: Uru rubuga rutanga ubucuruzi amahirwe yo guhuza no kwishora mubucuruzi muri Somaliya. Igamije guteza imbere ubukungu yorohereza imikoranire ya B2B hagati yinganda zitandukanye nkubuhinzi, inganda, na serivisi. Urubuga rwa Somaliya TradeNet ni http://www.somalitradenet.com/. 2. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Somaliya (SCCI): SCCI ikora nkurubuga rwo guhuza kumurongo kubucuruzi bukorera muri Somaliya. Iremera ubucuruzi guhuza nabafatanyabikorwa, kubona amakuru yubucuruzi, no gushakisha amahirwe yishoramari mugihugu. Urashobora kubona andi makuru yerekeye SCCI kurubuga rwabo: http://www.somalichamber.so/. 3. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda rwa Somaliland (SLCCI): Nubwo Somaliland ari akarere kiyita ko kigenga muri Somaliya, gafite urugereko rw’ubucuruzi rwihaye intego yo guteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi mu mbibi zacyo. SLCCI itanga serivisi zisa nizindi mbuga za B2B ariko yibanda cyane kubucuruzi bukorera muri Somaliland. Urubuga rwemewe rwa SLCCI ni https://somalilandchamber.org/. 4. Inama y’ubucuruzi muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba (EABC): Nubwo idasanzwe muri Somaliya yonyine, EABC ihagarariye inyungu z’ubucuruzi bwo mu karere muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, harimo na Somaliya. Ikora nk'urubuga rwo guhuza amahirwe hagati yamasosiyete mu nzego zinyuranye zo mu karere, itanga ubumenyi bwingenzi ku bijyanye n’isoko na serivisi zita ku bucuruzi zikenewe mu ngamba zo kwinjiza isoko mu bihugu nka Somaliya. Nyamuneka menya ko umwete ukwiye gukorwa mbere yo kwishora kumurongo wa B2B kumurongo cyangwa gukora ibikorwa bijyanye nubucuruzi mugihugu cyangwa akarere. Mu gihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere ku isi ndetse n’ibikorwa remezo bikarushaho gutera imbere muri Somaliya, biteganijwe ko hazavuka izindi mbuga za B2B kugira ngo zihure n’ubucuruzi bukenewe mu gihugu.
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