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Incamake y'igihugu
Namibiya ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Afurika. Yabonye ubwigenge muri Afurika y'Epfo mu 1990 kandi izwiho kuba inyamanswa zitandukanye, ahantu nyaburanga, ndetse n'umuco ukungahaye. Namibia ituwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 2.6, ifite politiki ya demokarasi kandi ururimi rwayo ni icyongereza. Umurwa mukuru w'iki gihugu ni Windhoek, ari nawo mujyi munini. Namibia ifite ubwiza nyaburanga budasanzwe, harimo umusenyi utukura wo mu butayu bwa Namib hamwe na Skeleton Coast nziza cyane. Niho hari parike nyinshi z'igihugu nka Parike y'igihugu ya Etosha, aho abashyitsi bashobora kureba ibinyabuzima byinshi birimo intare, inzovu, imvubu, na giraffi. Ubukungu bwa Namibiya bushingiye cyane ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro (cyane cyane diyama), uburobyi, ubuhinzi, n'ubukerarugendo. Amabuye ya diyama ya Namibiya ari mu bakire ku isi. Inganda z’uburobyi zungukirwa no kugira imwe mu migezi ikonje cyane ku nyanja ku nkombe zayo. Imico itandukanye muri Namibiya iragaragaza umurage kavukire hamwe n’ingaruka zatewe n’ubukoloni bw’Abadage mu mateka. Imiryango gakondo nka Himba na Herero izwiho imigenzo idasanzwe n'imyambarire gakondo. N'ubwo ari kimwe mu bihugu bituwe cyane muri Afurika, Namibiya ihura n’ibibazo bimwe na bimwe birimo ubukene, umubare w'abashomeri urenze ugereranyije n'akarere ugereranije ahanini n'amahirwe make y'akazi hanze y'imijyi minini ndetse n'ubusumbane bw'amafaranga. Abanya Namibiya bishimira ibikorwa bitandukanye byo kwidagadura nko gutembera mu bidukikije cyangwa gusangira na adrenaline-kuvoma ibintu byo hanze nko gutembera ku mucanga cyangwa kunyerera hejuru y’ahantu heza. Muri rusange, Namibiya irerekana uruvange rushimishije rwibintu nyaburanga, ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, ubukire bw’umuco, ndetse n’ubukungu bushobora kuzamuka kuko bikomeje gukurura ba mukerarugendo bifuza kuzenguruka iki gihugu gishimishije.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Namibia, igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bwa Afurika, gifite ifaranga ryacyo ryihariye ryitwa amadolari ya Namibiya (NAD). Ifaranga ryatangijwe mu 1993 kugira ngo risimbuze amafaranga yo muri Afurika y'Epfo nk'isoko ryemewe n'amategeko. Amadolari ya Namibiya agaragazwa n'ikimenyetso "N $" kandi agabanijwemo amafaranga 100. Banki nkuru ya Namibiya, izwi nka Banki ya Namibiya, ishinzwe gutanga no gucunga ifaranga ry'igihugu. Bemeza ko umutekano uhagaze no kugenzura ifaranga mu gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’ifaranga no kugenzura ibikorwa by’amabanki muri Namibiya. Mu gihe amadolari ya Namibiya akomeje kuba uburyo nyamukuru bwo kwishyura mu gihugu, twakagombye kumenya ko amafaranga yo muri Afurika yepfo (ZAR) n’amadolari y’Amerika (USD) yemerwa cyane mu bigo bitandukanye byo muri Namibiya. Uku kwemerwa kworohereza ibicuruzwa byoroshye cyane cyane mubihugu bituranye na Afrika yepfo bihana imbibi. Serivise z’ivunjisha ziraboneka ku mabanki, mu biro by’ivunjisha, no ku bibuga by’indege ku bakerarugendo cyangwa ku baturage bakeneye guhindura amafaranga yabo mu madorari ya Namibiya. Ni ngombwa kugenzura igipimo cy’ivunjisha mbere yo gukora amafaranga ayo ari yo yose kugira ngo umenye neza ibiciro byiza. Mu myaka yashize, agaciro ka NAD karahagaze neza ugereranije n’amafaranga mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga nka USD cyangwa EUR. Nyamara, igipimo cy’ivunjisha gishobora guhinduka bitewe nimpamvu zitandukanye nkimikorere yubukungu hamwe nisoko ryisi yose. Muri rusange, hamwe n’ifaranga ry’igihugu - amadolari ya Namibiya - Namibiya ikomeza ubwigenge bw’imari mu gihe ifite kandi ihinduka ryerekeye imikoranire n’ibindi bihugu binyuze mu kwemerera amafaranga y’amahanga.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe rya Namibiya ni Amadolari ya Namibiya (NAD). Ku bijyanye n’ivunjisha ry’ifaranga rikomeye ku madorari ya Namibiya, nyamuneka menya ko ibiciro bishobora guhinduka kandi bigahinduka buri munsi kubera ihindagurika ry’isoko ry’ivunjisha. Niyo mpamvu, birasabwa kugenzura hamwe nisoko yizewe nka banki cyangwa ikigo cyimari kugirango igipimo cyivunjisha kigezweho kandi nyacyo.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Namibia, iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bwa Afurika, yizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi n’ibiruhuko umwaka wose. Dore iminsi mikuru y'ingenzi muri Namibiya: 1) Umunsi wubwigenge (21 werurwe): Uyu ni umunsi mukuru wingenzi cyane wizihizwa muri Namibiya. Ni umunsi Namibia yabonye ubwigenge muri Afurika y'Epfo mu 1990. Umunsi wuzuyemo ibikorwa bitandukanye by’umuco, parade, n’ibirori. 2) Umunsi w'intwari (26 Kanama): Kuri uyumunsi, Abanyanibiya barashimira intwari zabo zaguye baharaniye umudendezo mugihe igihugu cyaharaniraga ubwigenge. Iha icyubahiro abagize uruhare runini muri societe ya Namibiya cyangwa batanze ubuzima bwabo kugirango igihugu gitere imbere. 3) Noheri (25 Ukuboza): Kimwe n'ibihugu byinshi ku isi, Noheri yizihizwa cyane muri Namibiya. Nubwo ikirere cyashyushye mu Kuboza, abantu barimbisha amazu yabo kandi bagahana impano n'umuryango n'inshuti. Amatorero akora ibikorwa byihariye kandi kuririmba karoli biraba. 4) Umunsi mushya (1 Mutarama): Abanya Namibiya batangira umwaka wabo bizihiza umunsi mushya hamwe n’ibirori hamwe n’ibiterane mu rwego rwo gusezera umwaka ushize no kwakira intangiriro nshya. 5) Iserukiramuco ry'umuco rya Ovahimba: Iri serukiramuco ryerekana umurage ndangamuco w'umwe mu moko ya Namibiya witwa Ovahimba. Muri iri serukiramuco hagaragaramo imbyino gakondo, imihango, ibitaramo bya muzika, amasomo yo kuvuga inkuru, imurikagurisha ry’ubukorikori bwaho, hamwe n’ahantu hacururizwa ibiryo bitanga ibyokurya bya Ovahimba byukuri. 6) Windhoek Oktoberfest: Yatewe inkunga n’ibirori by’umwimerere by’Ubudage Oktoberfest ariko hamwe n’imyidagaduro idasanzwe yo muri Afurika, iri serukiramuco riba buri mwaka mu murwa mukuru wa Windhoek -Namibia. Harimo uburyohe bwinzoga zirimo inzoga zaho ndetse n’inzoga z’Abadage zitumizwa mu mahanga hamwe n’ibitaramo bya muzika byakozwe n'abahanzi baho bitera umwuka mwiza. Iyi ni iminsi mikuru mike yizihizwa mu turere dutandukanye twa Namibiya nziza yerekana imico n'imigenzo y'igihugu.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Namibia, iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bwa Afurika, ifite ubucuruzi butandukanye. Ubukungu bw'igihugu bushingiye cyane ku kohereza mu mahanga amabuye y'agaciro nka diyama, uranium, na zinc. Amabuye y'agaciro agize igice kinini mubyoherezwa hanze. Namibia yishimira ubufatanye bukomeye mu bucuruzi n’ibihugu bitandukanye ku isi. Abafatanyabikorwa bayo bakomeye mu bucuruzi barimo Afurika yepfo, Ubushinwa, n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU). Afurika y'Epfo n’umufatanyabikorwa ukomeye mu bucuruzi bwa Namibiya kubera kuba hafi y’amasano n’amateka. Mu myaka yashize, Namibia yagiye itandukanya ubukungu bwayo mu guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bidasanzwe nk'ibicuruzwa by'amafi n'inyama zitunganijwe. Izi nzego zagaragaje iterambere ry’iterambere kandi zitanga umusanzu mu bucuruzi rusange. Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’isoko ry’ingenzi ryoherezwa mu mahanga rya Namibiya kuko rifite uruhare runini mu kugurisha ibicuruzwa by’uburobyi. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku bucuruzi (WTO) ryemereye cyane ibicuruzwa by’uburobyi bwa Namibiya hashingiwe ku masezerano y’ubufatanye mu bukungu n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Byongeye kandi, ishoramari ry’Abashinwa muri Namibiya ryiyongereye cyane mu myaka yashize. Ubu bufatanye bwatumye ubucuruzi bwiyongera hagati y’ibihugu byombi mu nganda nyinshi nko mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'ubwubatsi. N'ubwo hari ibintu byiza bigize urwego rw’ubucuruzi rwa Namibiya, gushingira cyane ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bikomeje kuba imbogamizi ku buringanire bw’igihugu. Ubwiyongere bwabaturage bwihuse hamwe nubushobozi buke bw’umusaruro w’ibanze buganisha ku kwishingikiriza ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga nk ibiribwa n’imashini. Namibia kandi igira uruhare runini muri gahunda yo guhuza ubukungu mu karere mu muryango w’iterambere ry’Afurika yepfo (SADC). Ubu bufatanye bugamije kuzamura ubucuruzi hagati y’akarere hagabanywa inzitizi z’amahoro mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango. Muri rusange, nubwo guhangana n’ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bijyanye no guterwa n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga ndetse n’imihindagurikire y’amabuye y'agaciro, Namibia ikomeje kwiyemeza gutandukanya ubukungu bwayo mu gihe ikomeza umubano ukomeye n’abafatanyabikorwa bo mu karere nka Afurika yepfo no gucukumbura cyane amasoko mashya ku isi.
Iterambere ryisoko
Namibia, iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bwa Afurika, ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Hamwe n’ibidukikije bihamye bya politiki n’iterambere ry’ubukungu, Namibiya itanga amahirwe atandukanye ku masosiyete y’amahanga yo kwagura ubucuruzi bwayo. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bituma Namibia ishoboka mu bucuruzi bwo hanze ni umutungo kamere ukungahaye. Iki gihugu kizwiho amabuye y'agaciro manini, harimo diyama, uranium, umuringa, zahabu, na zinc. Ibikoresho bikurura abashoramari babanyamahanga bashaka kwitabira imishinga yubucukuzi cyangwa gushinga inganda zijyanye. Byongeye kandi, uburobyi bwa Namibiya buratera imbere kubera ubwinshi bw’ubuzima bwo mu nyanja ku nkombe zawo. Namibia kandi yungukirwa n'ubufatanye bufatika n'ibihugu duturanye nka Afurika y'Epfo na Botswana. Nkumunyamuryango w’umuryango w’iterambere ry’Afurika yepfo (SADC) n’isoko rusange ry’Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo (COMESA), Namibiya ifite isoko rinini ryo mu karere. Ibi bituma ibigo bikorera muri Namibiya byungukirwa na politiki yo guhuza uturere no gukoresha amasezerano yubucuruzi akunda. Byongeye kandi, Namibiya ifite ibikorwa remezo bitangaje byo gutwara abantu byorohereza ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Icyambu cya Walvis Bay ni irembo ry’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga gusa ku bihugu bidafite inkombe nka Zambiya na Zimbabwe gusa no mu majyepfo ya Angola. Umuhanda mugari wigihugu uhuza imijyi minini imbere nimbibi zibihugu bituranye neza. Gahunda za leta ya Namibiya nazo ziteza imbere iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga binyuze mu gushyiraho uburyo bworoshye bw’ubucuruzi binyuze muri politiki igamije gukurura ishoramari mu nzego zitandukanye nk’inganda, ubukerarugendo, ubuhinzi, imishinga y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mu zindi; iyi politiki ikubiyemo gahunda yo gutanga imisoro ijyanye n’amabwiriza arengera irushanwa ryiza. Nubwo ibi bihe byiza bigamije iterambere ryubucuruzi, ubucuruzi bwa Namibiya burahura ningorabahizi nko kubona uburyo buke bwo kubona inkunga, ibikorwa remezo bidahagije mu turere twa kure, uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura uturere dushobora gutera inzitizi mugihe ugerageza kwinjira mumasoko mashya.Ibibazo byerekana umwanya wogutezimbere ariko nyamara ntibitanga 'Ntabwo igicucu gishoboka cyatanzwe. Hamwe noguteganya neza, gukoresha iri soko rikura birashobora kuba amahirwe yo gutegereza ubushakashatsi
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ku bijyanye no kumenya ibicuruzwa bizwi cyane byoherezwa mu isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga rya Namibiya, ni ngombwa gusuzuma imiterere yihariye y’igihugu ndetse n’ubukungu bwifashe. Hano hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye kumasoko mpuzamahanga: 1. Umutungo kamere: Namibiya izwiho ubutunzi bwinshi, harimo diyama, uranium, zinc, umuringa, na zahabu. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byubucukuzi hamwe nimashini zijyanye nabyo birashobora kuba ibintu byunguka byoherezwa hanze. 2. Ibikomoka ku buhinzi: Ubuhinzi bugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Namibiya. Kwohereza hanze ibihingwa byujuje ubuziranenge nk'inzabibu, amatariki, imyelayo, inyama z'inka, ibikomoka ku burobyi (nk'amafi yuzuye amafi), n'ibiribwa bitunganijwe nk'imbuto zafunzwe birashobora kubyara inyungu. 3. Ibicuruzwa bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo: Nkahantu nyaburanga hasurwa cyane kubera ahantu nyaburanga bitangaje nko mu butayu bwa Namib na Parike y'igihugu ya Etosha ibintu byinshi bikurura ba mukerarugendo - nk'urwibutso rwakozwe n'intoki nk'ibiti bikozwe mu biti cyangwa imitako y'amasaro - byerekana umuco waho. 4. Imyenda n'imyambaro: Koresha umutungo wa Namibia ukura mu nganda z’imyenda wohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu bikoresho biva mu karere nka pamba cyangwa ubwoya bwakuze. 5. Ikoranabuhanga rishya rishobora kuvugururwa: Hamwe n’isoko ryinshi ry’umuyaga n’izuba mu turere twa kure tw’igihugu - guhitamo ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu nk’izuba cyangwa imirasire y’umuyaga byafasha Namibia kurushaho kwibanda ku masoko y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu. 6. Ubukorikori n'ubukorikori: Guteza imbere ubukorikori bwakozwe n'intoki nk'ibibumbano cyangwa ibiseke gakondo bikozwe mu mico kavukire bigamije gukurura isoko ryiza rishishikajwe no gushyigikira ubuhanga bw'abanyabukorikori baho. Wibuke ko gukora ubushakashatsi bunoze ku isoko ari ngombwa mbere yo kurangiza gahunda iyo ari yo yose yo guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigamije kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Namibiya. Byongeye kandi, gushyira imbere ibikorwa birambye birashobora kandi kuba ingirakamaro bitewe nisi yose iganisha kubidukikije byangiza ibidukikije.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Namibia, iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bwa Afurika, ifite ibintu byihariye biranga iyo bigeze ku gusobanukirwa n’abakiriya bayo. Abakiriya muri Namibiya baha agaciro ubuziranenge no kwizerwa. Bashima ibicuruzwa na serivisi biramba kandi bishobora guhangana nikirere gikaze. Ubucuruzi bushimangira kuramba no gukora kumaturo yabo birashoboka ko bizagera ku isoko rya Namibiya. Byongeye kandi, abakiriya muri Namibiya bahitamo gukorana n’amasosiyete azwi afite amateka yo gutanga ibyo basezeranye. Imyumvire yumuco ningirakamaro mugihe yibasiye abakiriya muri Namibiya. Abaturage bagizwe n'amoko atandukanye nka Ovambo, Herero, Damara, Himba, na Nama. Ni ngombwa kumva no kubaha imyizerere yabo, imigenzo yabo, n'imigenzo yabo kugirango twubake umubano ukomeye nabakiriya bawe. Kwirinda ibikorwa cyangwa amagambo yose ashobora kubonwa ko atiyubashye cyangwa ateye isoni ni ngombwa. Kubijyanye nuburyo bwitumanaho, abakiriya muri Namibiya bashima ubwitonzi ariko kandi baha agaciro ikinyabupfura. Kuba umunyamahane cyangwa gusunika birashobora kubatesha ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi. Kubaka ikizere binyuze mumiyoboro y'itumanaho ifunguye ni urufunguzo rwo kubona abakiriya b'indahemuka. Ikindi kintu cyingenzi ugomba gusuzuma mugihe ukora ubucuruzi muri Namibiya ni ukubahiriza igihe. Nubwo guhinduka bishobora rimwe na rimwe kwemerwa bitewe n’umuco nk '"igihe cy’Afurika," muri rusange ni byiza ko ubucuruzi bukorera hano bwubahiriza byimazeyo igihe cyateganijwe n’igihe ntarengwa. Ariko, hariho kirazira umuntu agomba kumenya mugihe akorana nabakiriya ba Namibiya. Ubwa mbere, ni ngombwa kubaha umwanya wihariye kuko gutera imipaka yumuntu kugiti cye bishobora gutera ibibazo cyangwa kubabaza. Byongeye kandi, kuganira kuri politiki cyangwa ingingo zishingiye ku mateka zijyanye n'ubukoloni ntibishobora kwakirwa neza bitewe n'amateka akomeye y'igihugu. Mu gusoza, gusobanukirwa ishingiro ryabakiriya muri Namibiya bikubiyemo guha agaciro kuramba no kwizerwa mugihe utekereza kubyerekeranye numuco bijyanye nubwoko / imigenzo / imigenzo / imyizerere / politiki / amateka mugihe ugumana ikinyabupfura nyamara ugororotse hamwe no kubahiriza igihe .. Kwirinda iyi mitego ishobora gufasha ubucuruzi gushiraho umubano mwiza. no gutsinda ku isoko rya Namibiya.
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Namibiya, iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bwa Afurika, ifite gahunda yo gucunga neza gasutamo. Ishami rya gasutamo n’imisoro rya Namibiya rishinzwe kugenzura iyinjizwa n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga no hanze yacyo. Iyo binjiye muri Namibiya, abagenzi bagomba kwerekana pasiporo zabo hamwe na viza zemewe nibisabwa. Abagenzi basabwa kandi gutangaza ifaranga ryose rirenga 50.000 by'amadolari ya Namibiya cyangwa ayo ahwanye n’amahanga iyo uhageze cyangwa ugenda. Ibintu bimwe birabujijwe cyangwa birabujijwe kuzanwa muri Namibiya. Muri byo harimo imbunda n'amasasu nta ruhushya rutangwa n'inzego zibishinzwe, ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe, ifaranga ry'impimbano cyangwa ibicuruzwa bibangamira uburenganzira ku mutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge, ibikoresho biteye isoni, ibikomoka ku nyamaswa zirinzwe nk'amahembe y'inzovu cyangwa imvubu, ndetse n'imbuto n'imboga mbisi nta cyemezo kiboneye. Ni ngombwa kwemeza ko umenyereye urutonde rwuzuye rwibintu byabujijwe kugirango wirinde ingorane iyo ari yo yose kuri gasutamo. Amahoro yatumijwe mu mahanga ashobora kwishyurwa ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byazanywe muri Namibiya ukurikije agaciro kabo no mu byiciro. Ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga ku giti cyawe birashobora gusonerwa imisoro iyo biri mu mbibi zashyizweho n’ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo. Abagenzi bagomba kubika inyemezabwishyu zose zaguzwe muri Namibiya kuko bashobora gusabwa kwerekana icyemezo cyuko bamaze kugenda, kugirango amafaranga yimisoro akwiye asuzumwe uko bikwiye. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ibihano bikaze bishobora gukoreshwa mu kugerageza guhunga amabwiriza ya gasutamo cyangwa kwinjiza magendu muri Namibiya no hanze yacyo. Guhuza n’umukozi uzwi wo gutwara ibintu cyangwa gushaka inama mubuyobozi bwibanze mbere yo kugerageza kuzana ibintu bidasanzwe binyuze muri gasutamo birashobora gufasha gukumira ibibazo byamategeko. Mu gusoza, iyo ugiye muri Namibiya ni ngombwa kumenyera sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo usobanukiwe namabwiriza yerekeye ibicuruzwa byabujijwe gutumizwa mu mahanga / kubuzwa kohereza mu mahanga mugihe cyo kwinjira / kugenda. Gukurikiza aya mabwiriza bizafasha gukora urugendo rwiza no kwirinda ingaruka zamategeko zidakenewe mugihe uhuye nibintu byose iki gihugu cyiza gitanga.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Namibia, iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bwa Afurika, ifite politiki y’imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga mu buryo bworoshye. Igihugu gishyiraho imisoro itaziguye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, cyane cyane mu rwego rwo kurinda inganda zaho no kwinjiza leta amafaranga. Amahoro yatumijwe mu mahanga yinjira ku bicuruzwa byinjira muri Namibiya biva mu mahanga. Nyamara, ibiciro byihariye biratandukanye bitewe nimiterere yibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Namibia ishyira ibicuruzwa mubyiciro bitandukanye hashingiwe kode ya sisitemu ihuza (kode ya HS), iyo ikaba ari sisitemu yemewe ya coding yemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga ikoreshwa mu bikorwa bya gasutamo. Ibicuruzwa byibanze nkibiribwa cyangwa imiti yingenzi mubisanzwe bifite igipimo gito cy’amahoro yatumijwe mu mahanga cyangwa se gusonerwa kugira ngo abaturage babone ubushobozi kandi bworoshye. Ku rundi ruhande, ibintu by'akataraboneka nka elegitoroniki yo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyangwa ibinyabiziga bikunze guhura n’ibiciro biri hejuru kugira ngo bigabanye ibicuruzwa bikabije kandi biteze imbere inganda zo mu gihugu. Byongeye kandi, Namibiya iri mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi menshi yo mu karere agira ingaruka kuri politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga. Kurugero, nkumunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Afurika yepfo (SACU) n’umuryango w’iterambere ry’Afurika yepfo (SADC), Namibiya itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gutumizwa mu mahanga n’ibindi bihugu bigize uyu muryango mu kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho imisoro ya gasutamo muri iyo miryango y’akarere. Abatumiza mu mahanga bagomba kwishyura iyi misoro ku biro byagenwe na gasutamo mbere yo kwemererwa kwinjira mu bucuruzi mu karere ka Namibiya. Kutubahiriza amabwiriza y’imisoro bishobora kuvamo ihazabu cyangwa kwamburwa ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Mu gusoza, politiki y’imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga ya Namibia ikoresha ibiciro bitandukanye bishingiye ku cyiciro cy’ibicuruzwa kandi igamije kurinda inganda zaho mu gihe leta yinjiza amafaranga. Igipimo cy’imisoro yihariye kigenwa nimpamvu nka kode ya HS namasezerano yubucuruzi bwakarere nka SACU na SADC.
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Namibia, igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bwa Afurika, yashyizeho politiki y’imisoro yohereza mu mahanga igenga imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Guverinoma ya Namibiya yashyize mu bikorwa iyi politiki igamije guteza imbere ubukungu no guteza imbere inganda zaho. Namibia ishyiraho imisoro ku bicuruzwa byatoranijwe byoherezwa mu mahanga hagamijwe kwinjiza no kurinda inganda zaho guhatanira akarengane. Iyi misoro yoherezwa mu mahanga yakwa ku bicuruzwa byihariye, nk'umutungo kamere nk'amabuye y'agaciro n'amabuye, harimo diyama na uranium. Umubare w'imisoro wakwa uratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko n'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze. Ibiciro by'imisoro bigenwa na guverinoma ya Namibiya ishingiye ku miterere y'ubukungu, ibisabwa ku isoko, no guhangana mu nganda. Amafaranga ava muri iyi misoro yoherezwa mu mahanga agira uruhare mu ngengo y’imari y’igihugu ya Namibiya, ifasha mu gutera inkunga serivisi rusange nk’ubuvuzi, uburezi, iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo, na gahunda z’imibereho myiza. Byongeye kandi, iyi misoro ifasha mukugabanya ubusumbane bwubucuruzi mu guca intege ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bishobora gutakaza umutungo w’imbere mu gihugu cyangwa guhungabanya amasoko yaho. Namibia kandi igira uruhare mu mashyirahamwe y’ubucuruzi yo mu karere nk’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu bya Afurika yepfo (SADC). Ihuriro rigamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’akarere mu gushyira mu bikorwa imisoro rusange yo hanze mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango. Kubera iyo mpamvu, politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ya Namibiya irashobora kandi guhuza n’amasezerano yo mu karere ajyanye no guhuza ibiciro. Ni ngombwa ko abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bamenyera politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ya Namibiya mbere yo kwishora mu bikorwa mpuzamahanga by’ubucuruzi. Ubu bwumvikane butuma hubahirizwa amabwiriza mu gihe inyungu nyinshi z’ubukungu ziva mu mahanga ndetse n’igihugu muri rusange. Mu gusoza, Namibiya ishyira mu bikorwa politiki y’imisoro yohereza mu mahanga cyane cyane yibanda ku mutungo kamere. Iyi misoro igamije kwinjiza amafaranga mu iterambere ry’igihugu mu gihe irinda inganda zo mu gihugu amarushanwa arenganya. Nkumuntu witabira cyane mumasezerano yubucuruzi bwakarere nka SADC Gasutamo, Politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ya Namibiya irashobora kandi guhuza n’ingamba nini zo guhuza ibiciro mu karere ka Afurika yepfo.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Namibia ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Afurika kandi gifite ubukungu butandukanye bushingiye cyane ku byoherezwa mu mahanga. Guverinoma ya Namibiya yashyizeho ibyemezo bimwe na bimwe byoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo ireme neza kandi ihuze n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Kimwe mu byemezo byingenzi byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Namibiya ni Icyemezo cy'inkomoko. Iyi nyandiko yemeza ko ibicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze biva muri Namibiya kandi byubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi. Icyemezo cy'inkomoko ni ingenzi cyane mu kwemerera gasutamo kandi gifasha gukumira uburiganya cyangwa ibicuruzwa byiganano byinjira ku masoko yo hanze. Ikindi cyemezo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Namibiya ni icyemezo cya Phytosanitarite. Iki cyemezo cyemeza ko ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku bimera, nk'imbuto, imboga, indabyo, cyangwa imbuto, byujuje ubuziranenge bw’ubuzima kugira ngo hatabaho ikwirakwizwa ry’udukoko cyangwa indwara ku mipaka. Icyemezo cya Phytosanitarike cyizeza ibihugu bitumiza mu mahanga ko ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu buhinzi bya Namibiya bifite umutekano ku bicuruzwa kandi byubahiriza protocole mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, inganda zimwe muri Namibiya zisaba ibyemezo byibicuruzwa byihariye. Kurugero, diyama nimwe mubicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, bityo icyemezo cya Kimberley Process Certificate Scheme (KPCS) kirakenewe kubohereza hanze ya diyama. Iki cyemezo cyemeza ko diyama idafite amakimbirane kandi ikomoka ahantu hemewe. Ibicuruzwa by’uburobyi muri Namibiya bisaba kandi ibyemezo byinshi byoherezwa mu mahanga kubera akamaro kabyo ku masoko yo hanze. Muri byo harimo Impamyabumenyi y’ubuzima yatanzwe n’ubuyobozi bw’uburobyi yemeza ko hubahirizwa ibisabwa by’isuku n’icyemezo cy’ubugenzuzi bw’uburobyi bugenzura igenzura ry’ibicuruzwa. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko izi ari ingero nke gusa zimpamyabumenyi zoherezwa mu mahanga zisabwa n’abahereza ibicuruzwa hanze muri Namibiya; hashobora kubaho izindi mpamyabumenyi zihariye zishingiye kumiterere y'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze. Mu gusoza, ibyemezo bizwi byoherezwa mu mahanga nka Certificat yinkomoko, Impamyabumenyi ya Phytosanitarite, ibyemezo bya Kimberley Process Certificate Scheme (kuri diyama), Impamyabumenyi y’ubuzima (ku bicuruzwa by’uburobyi), hamwe n’ubugenzuzi bw’uburobyi bigira uruhare runini mu gukomeza ubusugire n’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bya Namibiya; kwisi yose.
Basabwe ibikoresho
Namibiya ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Afurika, kizwiho imiterere itandukanye n'ibinyabuzima bikize. Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho no gutwara abantu, hari ibyifuzo byinshi byingenzi tugomba gusuzuma. 1. Icyambu cya Walvis Bay: Icyambu cya Walvis Bay giherereye ku nkombe y’iburengerazuba bwa Namibiya kandi ni cyo cyambu gikuru cy’igihugu. Itanga ibikorwa remezo byiza nibikoresho byo gutunganya imizigo, itanga ibikorwa byiza byo gutumiza no kohereza hanze. 2. Umuhanda uhuza umuhanda: Namibiya ifite umuyoboro witerambere witerambere, bigatuma ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda ari ikintu cyingenzi cyibikoresho mu gihugu. Umuhanda wa B1 uhuza imijyi minini nka Windhoek (umurwa mukuru), Swakopmund, na Oshakati, byorohereza urujya n'uruza rw'ibicuruzwa mu turere dutandukanye. 3. Ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi: Namibiya ifite kandi inzira ya gari ya moshi ikoreshwa na TransNamib ihuza uturere tw’ibanze mu gihugu. Gutwara gari ya moshi birashobora kuba byiza cyane mugihe wimura imizigo myinshi cyangwa ibicuruzwa biremereye kure cyane. 4. Imizigo yo mu kirere: Kubyohereza igihe cyangwa ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga, birasabwa gutwara indege muri Namibiya. Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Hosea Kutako hafi ya Windhoek gikora nk'irembo mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga rifite aho rihurira n'isi zitandukanye. 5 Izi sosiyete zitanga serivisi zuzuye zirimo ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo, kohereza ibicuruzwa, ibisubizo bibikwa, hamwe n’imiyoboro ikwirakwizwa. 6. Amabwiriza ya gasutamo: Gusobanukirwa amabwiriza ya gasutamo ni ngombwa mugihe cyo gutumiza cyangwa kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Namibiya kugirango wirinde gutinda cyangwa ingorane iyo ari yo yose ku mipaka cyangwa ku byambu byinjira / bisohoka. Gukorana cyane ninzobere mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho bazi neza aya mabwiriza bizubahiriza kandi bigabanye inzitizi zishobora guterwa mu gihe cyo gutwara abantu. 7.Ibikoresho byo guhunikamo: Ukurikije ibyifuzo byawe byubucuruzi, gukoresha ibikoresho byububiko bwaho birashobora kuzamura imikorere muri logistique muri Namibiya mugutanga uburyo bwo kubika neza hafi yubucuruzi bwingenzi. Wibuke ko ari ngombwa gukora ubundi bushakashatsi no kugisha inama impuguke za logistique kugirango ufate ibyemezo byuzuye bijyanye nibyo ukeneye. Hamwe nogutegura neza nubufatanye, kugendana na Namibia ibikoresho bya logistique birashobora kuba inzira nziza.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Namibia, iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bwa Afurika, itanga amasoko menshi y’amasoko mpuzamahanga n’iterambere ndetse n’amahirwe yo kumurika. Kubera ibidukikije bya politiki bihamye, ubukungu bukomeye, hamwe n’ubucuruzi bwifashe neza, Namibiya ikurura abaguzi n’abashoramari mpuzamahanga bashaka gushora imari mu gihugu ndetse n’amasoko akomeye. Umuyoboro umwe ukomeye mu gutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga muri Namibiya ni urwego rw'amabuye y'agaciro. Namibia nkimwe mu bihugu bitanga umusaruro mwinshi wa diyama, uranium, zinc, n’andi mabuye y'agaciro, Namibia yakwegereye amasosiyete menshi acukura amabuye y'agaciro ku isi. Izi sosiyete zikunze gushiraho ubufatanye bwigihe kirekire nabatanga isoko kugirango babone ibikoresho byabo bibisi. Urundi ruganda ruzwi cyane mu gutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga muri Namibiya ni ubukerarugendo. Ahantu nyaburanga muri iki gihugu harimo imisozi izwi cyane itukura ya Sossusvlei hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye muri Parike y’igihugu ya Etosha bituma iba ahantu nyaburanga ku ngendo ku isi. Ibi birasaba ubucuruzi butandukanye bujyanye nubukerarugendo nkurunigi rwamahoteri nabakozi ba safari gushakira isoko mpuzamahanga kubikoresho byo kwakira abashyitsi cyangwa ibikoresho byo kwidagadura. Namibia kandi ifite urwego rwubuhinzi rwateye imbere rufite amahirwe menshi kubaguzi mpuzamahanga. Kwohereza ibicuruzwa by’inka mu mahanga ni ingenzi cyane kubera Namibiya y’ubuzima bukomeye bw’ubuzima bw’inyamaswa zitanga umusaruro w’inyama nziza. Kugura mpuzamahanga akenshi bikubiyemo ubworozi bwamatungo cyangwa imashini zihinga. Ku bijyanye n’imurikagurisha, Windhoek yakira imurikagurisha rikomeye mu mwaka wose rikurura abitabiriye akarere ndetse n’amahanga. Windhoek Inganda n’ubuhinzi ni kimwe mu birori aho abamurika berekana inganda zitandukanye zirimo inganda, ubuhinzi, ibikorwa remezo biteza imbere ibikorwa remezo / serivisi. Byongeye kandi, ubukerarugendo bugira uruhare runini mu mahirwe yo kumurika muri Namibiya hamwe n’ibirori nka "Namibian Tourism Expo" bikorwa buri mwaka. Ikurura abakora ingendo baturutse hirya no hino ku isi berekana serivisi zabo ku bakiriya bashobora kuba bashaka kumenya ibyiza nyaburanga bya Namibiya. Byongeye kandi, kuba umwe mu bagize Umuryango w’ubumwe bwa gasutamo muri Afurika yepfo (SACU) yemerera kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze muri iri shyirahamwe ry’imisoro ku buryo bworoshye kugera ku masoko y’ibindi bihugu - Botswana Eswatini (ahahoze ari Swaziland), Lesotho, Afurika y'Epfo, na Namibiya. Byongeye kandi, Namibia yungukirwa n’amategeko nyafurika yo gukura no guha amahirwe (AGOA), gahunda y’ubucuruzi muri Amerika. Ibi bitanga ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa biva muri Namibiya nta musoro ku isoko ryinjiza amafaranga muri Amerika. Mu gusoza, Namibiya itanga inzira zitandukanye zingenzi zitanga amasoko n'amahirwe yo kwerekana imurikagurisha nko mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ubukerarugendo, n'ubuhinzi. Ikirere cyiza cy’ubucuruzi no kugira uruhare mu ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe ya gasutamo yo mu karere byongera umubano w’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu duturanye, mu gihe ibikorwa nka AGOA byugururira amasoko ku isi. Izi ngingo zituma Namibia iba ahantu heza kubaguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka amasoko mashya cyangwa ubufatanye ninganda zaho.
Namibia, igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bwa Afurika, gifite moteri zishakisha zizwi cyane zikoreshwa n’abaturage bacyo. Izi moteri zishakisha zitanga amakuru, amakuru mashya, nibindi bikoresho byo kumurongo. Dore zimwe muri moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa muri Namibiya hamwe na aderesi zabo kurubuga: 1. Google (www.google.com.na): Nta gushidikanya ko Google ari imwe mu moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa cyane ku isi. Itanga ibisubizo byuzuye kandi bitandukanye byibisubizo byita kubakoresha bitandukanye. 2. Yahoo (www.yahoo.com): Yahoo niyindi moteri ishakisha izwi cyane itanga serivisi zitandukanye nka imeri, amakuru, ivugurura ryimari, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gushakisha kurubuga. 3. Bing (www.bing.com): Bing ni moteri ishakisha ya Microsoft itanga interineti ishimishije kandi igaragaramo ibintu byinshi nko gushakisha amashusho no guhindura. 4. DuckDuckGo (duckduckgo.com): DuckDuckGo izwiho uburyo bwibanda ku buzima bwite mu gihe itanga ibisubizo bitabogamye biva ahantu henshi udakurikiranye ibikorwa by'abakoresha. 5. Ananzi ya Nasper (www.ananzi.co.za/namibie/): Ananzi ni moteri ishakisha yo muri Afrika yepfo nayo ikoreshwa cyane muri Namibiya. Itanga ibice byaho bigenewe abakoresha mukarere ka Afrika yepfo. 6. Webcrawler Afrika (www.webcrawler.co.za/namibia.nm.html): Webcrawler Afrika yibanda mugutanga ibisubizo byihariye kubakoresha bishingiye mubihugu byihariye bya Afrika nka Namibiya. 7. Yuppysearch (yuppysearch.com/africa. 8. Moteri ishakisha Lycos (shakisha.lycos.com/regional/Africa/Namibia/): Lycos itanga ubushakashatsi bwimbuga rusange hamwe nuburyo bwo gushakisha ibintu byihariye byo mukarere muri Namibiya kurupapuro rwabigenewe rwigihugu. Izi ni zimwe mu ngero za moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa ziboneka muri Namibiya. Abakoresha barashobora guhitamo ukurikije ibyo bakunda, ibintu bimenyereye, nibisabwa mubushakashatsi.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Namibia ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bwa Afurika kizwiho ibyiza nyaburanga hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bikize. Iyo bigeze kumpapuro z'umuhondo, hariho byinshi byingenzi bishobora kugufasha kubona amakuru ukeneye muri Namibiya. Hano hari bimwe mubyingenzi byingenzi byurupapuro rwumuhondo hamwe na aderesi zabo: 1. Urupapuro rwumuhondo Namibia (www.yellowpages.na): Iyi ni imwe mu mpapuro zuzuye kandi zizwi cyane muri paji y'umuhondo muri Namibiya. Irimo ibyiciro bitandukanye nk'amacumbi, resitora, guhaha, serivisi, nibindi byinshi. 2. MwaramutseNamibia (www.hellonamibia.com): Iki gitabo gitanga urutonde rwibikorwa byubucuruzi mu nzego nyinshi zirimo ubukerarugendo, uburyo bwo kurya, serivisi zitwara abantu, nibindi byinshi. 3. Amakuru-Namibiya (www.info-namibia.com): Nubwo atari ububiko bwurupapuro rwumuhondo kuri buri rubuga, uru rubuga rutanga amakuru arambuye kubijyanye namacumbi harimo amacumbi hamwe ninkambi muri Namibiya. 4. Menya-Namibiya (www.discover-namibia.com): Ubundi buyobozi bushingiye ku bukerarugendo bukubiyemo ibigo byinshi nk'amahoteri, amazu y'abashyitsi, amacumbi ndetse na serivisi zo gukodesha imodoka n'abakora ingendo. 5. iSearchNam (www.isearchnam.com): Ubu bubiko bwubucuruzi bwuzuye kumurongo butanga urutonde rwibikorwa bitandukanye hamwe namakarita yingirakamaro yo kunyura ahantu hatandukanye mugihugu. Ububiko burashobora gukoreshwa mugushakisha amakuru yamakuru kubigo / ubucuruzi bukorera mumirenge itandukanye muri Namibiya. Waba ushaka amacumbi cyangwa abatanga serivise zaho nkamashanyarazi cyangwa abapompa; izi mbuga zitanga ubumenyi bwingenzi mubiganiro byizewe mugihugu cyose. Wibuke guhora wambukiranya amasoko atandukanye kandi usome ibyasuzumwe mugihe ukoresheje ubu bubiko kuva ubunyangamugayo bushobora gutandukana kurutonde.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Namibiya ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Afurika. Nubwo ishobora kuba idafite urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi ruzwi cyane nkibindi bihugu bimwe na bimwe, haracyari bike bizwi bikorera muri Namibiya. Hano hari bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. my.com.na - Iri ni rimwe mu masoko akomeye ku isoko muri Namibiya, atanga ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imyambaro, ibicuruzwa byo mu rugo, n'ibindi. 2. Dismaland Namibia (dismaltc.com) - Uru rubuga ruzobereye mu kugurisha ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya elegitoronike nka terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, imashini zikoresha imikino, n'ibikoresho. 3. Gusahura Namibiya (gusahura.com.na) - Gusahura Namibia ni isoko ryo kumurongo ritanga amahitamo atandukanye yibicuruzwa birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho, ibikoresho, ibikoresho by'imyambarire, nibindi byinshi. 4. Takealot Namibia (takealot.com.na) - Takealot ni urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi rwo muri Afrika yepfo rukorera kandi rukorera abakiriya muri Namibiya. Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi bitandukanye kuva kuri elegitoroniki kugeza kubintu byabana kugeza ibikoresho byo murugo. 5. Ububiko (thewarehouse.co.na) - Ububiko bwibanda ku guha abakiriya ibiribwa byiza nibikoresho byo murugo ku giciro cyiza binyuze kumurongo wa interineti. 6. Itsinda rya eBay ryashyizwe ahagaragara (ebayclassifiedsgroup.com/nam/)- eBay Classifieds ifite umwanya mubihugu byinshi kwisi harimo na Namibiya. Abakoresha barashobora kubona amatangazo atandukanye yo kugura cyangwa kugurisha ibintu mubyiciro bitandukanye. Nyamuneka menya ko izi ari zimwe mungero zingenzi za e-ubucuruzi bukuru bukorera muri Namibiya; hashobora kuba hari andi mato mato cyangwa niche iboneka nkaho.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Hano hari imbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane muri Namibiya. Dore bimwe muribi hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): Facebook ni imwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane ku isi, harimo na Namibiya. Iyemerera abantu guhuza inshuti nimiryango, gusangira amafoto na videwo, kwinjira mumatsinda, no gukurikira page. 2. Twitter (www.twitter.com): Twitter ni urubuga rwa microblogging aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza ubutumwa bugufi bwitwa tweet. Abanya Namibiya bakoresha iyi platform kugirango bakomeze kugezwaho amakuru agezweho, imigendekere, no kwishora mubiganiro bijyanye ninsanganyamatsiko zitandukanye. 3. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Instagram ni urubuga rwo gusangira amafoto na videwo rumaze kumenyekana mu rubyiruko rwaruka muri Namibiya. Abakoresha barashobora gushiraho amashusho cyangwa videwo ngufi, bagashungura muyungurura, bakongeraho ibisobanuro, kandi bagasabana nabandi binyuze mubitekerezo n'ibitekerezo. 4. LinkedIn (www. 5. YouTube (www.youtube.com): YouTube yemerera abakoresha kohereza, kureba, kugereranya ibirimo nka videwo ku ngingo zitandukanye kuva imyidagaduro kugeza uburezi. Abantu benshi n’imiryango muri Namibiya bashiraho imiyoboro yabo kuri YouTube kubwimpamvu zitandukanye nko gusangira amashusho yindirimbo cyangwa ibikubiyemo. 6. WhatsApp: Mugihe bidakunze gufatwa nkimbuga nkoranyambaga nkizindi zavuzwe haruguru; Porogaramu yohereza ubutumwa bwa WhatsApp yamenyekanye cyane muri Namibiya mu itumanaho hagati y'abantu cyangwa amatsinda mato binyuze mu butumwa bugufi, guhamagara amajwi, no guhamagara kuri videwo. Izi ni zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane zikoreshwa n'abantu bo muri Namibiya kugira ngo bahuze n'abandi kuri interineti ku giti cyabo cyangwa babigize umwuga.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Namibia, iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bwa Afurika, ifite amashyirahamwe akomeye y’inganda ateza imbere kandi ashyigikira inzego zitandukanye z’ubukungu. Aya mashyirahamwe afite uruhare runini mu guharanira inyungu z’inganda zabo kandi akabera urubuga rw’ubufatanye, gusangira ubumenyi, no guteza imbere politiki. Hano hari amashyirahamwe yingenzi yinganda muri Namibiya hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Namibiya (NCCI): Urubuga: https://www.ncci.org.na/ NCCI ihagarariye abikorera muri Namibiya kandi ikora nk'ijwi ry'ubucuruzi mu nganda. Iteza imbere ubucuruzi, ishoramari, kwihangira imirimo, no kuzamuka mu bukungu. 2. Ishyirahamwe ry'abakora inganda muri Namibiya (NMA): Urubuga: https://nma.com.na/ NMA ishyigikira urwego rwinganda rutezimbere amahirwe yo guhuza imiyoboro, ingamba zo kongerera ubushobozi, no kunganira kuzamura irushanwa. 3. Ihuriro ry’inganda zubaka muri Namibiya (CIF): Urubuga: https://www.cifnamibia.com/ CIF ishinzwe guhagararira ubucuruzi bujyanye nubwubatsi itanga umutungo kubipimo nganda, gushyigikira gahunda ziterambere ryubuhanga, no koroshya umubano wubucuruzi murwego. 4. Ishyirahamwe ryakira abashyitsi muri Namibiya (HAN): Urubuga: https://www.hannam.org.na/ HAN ihagarariye ubukerarugendo n’ubwakiranyi muri Namibiya iteza imbere ubukerarugendo burambye mu gihe itanga gahunda zamahugurwa yo kuzamura ireme rya serivisi. 5. Ishyirahamwe ry’amabanki muri Namibiya: Urubuga: http://ban.com.na/ Iri shyirahamwe rikora nkurwego ruhagarariye amabanki yubucuruzi akorera muri Namibiya. Intego yacyo y'ibanze ni uguharanira imikorere myiza ya banki igira uruhare mu ihungabana ry'ubukungu. 6. Ikigega cyo Kwubaka Inganda (CITF): Urubuga: http://citf.com.na/ CITF ikora nk'itanga amahugurwa mu nganda zubaka yibanze cyane cyane ku gukemura ikibazo cy'ubumenyi buke binyuze muri gahunda yo guhugura imyuga. 7. Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zicukura amabuye y’amajyepfo ya Afrika - Urugereko rwa Mine: Urubuga: http://chamberofmines.org.za/namibia/ Iri shyirahamwe rihagarariye urwego rw’ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro muri Namibiya kandi rurashaka guteza imbere imikorere y’ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro kandi burambye mu gihe ubukungu bw’igihugu bugira uruhare mu kuzamura ubukungu. Izi ni ingero nke gusa z'amashyirahamwe akomeye y'inganda muri Namibiya. Buri shyirahamwe rifite uruhare runini mugukemura ibibazo byihariye, guteza imbere iterambere, no guharanira inyungu zinganda zabo. Birasabwa gusura urubuga rwabo kugirango umenye amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye intego zabo, ibikorwa, ninyungu zabanyamuryango.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Namibiya ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Afurika. Ifite ubukungu bukomeye n'inzego zitandukanye zigira uruhare mu iterambere ryayo, harimo ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ubuhinzi, ubukerarugendo, n'inganda. Hariho imbuga nyinshi zubukungu nubucuruzi zagenewe gutanga amakuru kubucuruzi bwa Namibiya. Dore bimwe mubigaragara hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Namibiya (NCCI) - NCCI iteza imbere ubukungu kandi ikorohereza ubucuruzi muri Namibiya. Urubuga: https://www.ncci.org.na/ 2. Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari n’iterambere rya Namibiya (NIPDB) - Iki kigo cya leta kigamije gukurura ishoramari muri Namibiya gitanga amakuru ku mahirwe y’ishoramari. Urubuga: http://www.investnamibia.com.na/ 3. Minisiteri y’inganda n’ubucuruzi (MIT) - Ashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa politiki ijyanye n’iterambere ry’inganda n’ubucuruzi muri Namibiya. Urubuga: https://mit.gov.na/ 4. Banki ya Namibiya (BON) - Banki nkuru ya Namibiya itanga amakuru y’ubukungu, raporo, na politiki y’ifaranga. Urubuga: http://www.bon.com.na/ 5. Ikigo gishinzwe gutunganya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga (EPZA) - EPZA yibanda ku guteza imbere inganda zishingiye ku byoherezwa mu mahanga muri zone zagenwe muri Namibiya. Urubuga: http://www.epza.com.na/ 6. Banki ishinzwe amajyambere ya Namibiya (DBN) - DBN itanga ubufasha bwamafaranga kumishinga yiterambere igamije iterambere ryimibereho nubukungu mu gihugu. Urubuga: https://www.dbn.com.na/ 7. Ubucuruzi Kurwanya Ruswa / Umwirondoro wa Namibiya - Uyu mutungo utanga amakuru yihariye kubyerekeye ingaruka za ruswa kubucuruzi bukora cyangwa bushora imari muri Namibiya. Urubuga: https://www.ubucuruzi-anti- ruswa.com/igihugu-profiles/namiba 8. Grootfontein Institute Development Agriculture Institute (GADI) - Itanga ibitabo byubushakashatsi bwubuhinzi, umurongo ngenderwaho, namakuru ajyanye ninganda kubahinzi nabafatanyabikorwa. Urubuga: https://www.gadi.agric.za/ Nyamuneka menya ko izi mbuga zishobora guhinduka kandi buri gihe ni byiza kugenzura amakuru aheruka guturuka kumurongo.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari urubuga rwinshi rwibibazo byubucuruzi biboneka kuri Namibiya. Hasi nurutonde rwa zimwe mururu rubuga hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Ikigo gishinzwe ibarurishamibare cya Namibiya (NSA): Ikigo gishinzwe ibarurishamibare cya Namibiya gitanga amakuru y’ubucuruzi. Urashobora kuyigeraho ukoresheje urubuga rwabo kuri https://nsa.org.na/. 2. Ikarita y'Ubucuruzi: Uru rubuga rukoreshwa n’ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubucuruzi (ITC), rutanga imibare yuzuye y’ubucuruzi n’amakuru yinjira ku isoko kuri Namibiya no mu bindi bihugu. Shikira amakuru yubucuruzi kuri Namibiya kuri https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProduct.aspx. 3. GlobalTrade.net: Uru rubuga rutanga amakuru na serivisi bijyanye n’ubucuruzi, harimo amakuru ya gasutamo, raporo zihariye z’umurenge, n’ububiko bw’ubucuruzi mu bihugu bitandukanye harimo na Namibiya. Urashobora kubona igice kijyanye nubucuruzi bwa Namibiya kuri https://www.globaltrade.net/Namibia/export-import. 4. Banki nyafurika yohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga (Afreximbank): Afreximbank itanga amakuru menshi y’ubukungu ku bihugu bya Afurika, harimo n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga na Namibia binyuze ku rubuga rwabo kuri http://afreximbank-statistics.com/. 5. Ububikoshingiro bw’umuryango w’abibumbye: Ububiko bw’umuryango w’abibumbye ni umutungo w’agaciro utanga imibare irambuye yo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga mu bihugu bitandukanye, harimo n’ubucuruzi bwa Namibiya. Sura urubuga rwabo kuri https://comtrade.un.org/data/. Nyamuneka menya ko amwe mumibare ashobora gusaba kwiyandikisha cyangwa kwiyandikisha kugirango ubone amakuru yihariye cyangwa ibintu byateye imbere birenze ibikorwa byibanze byubushakashatsi.

B2b

Namibia, iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bwa Afurika, ifite ubucuruzi butera imbere hamwe na B2B nyinshi ziboneka ku masosiyete guhuza no gukora ubucuruzi. Hano hari amwe muma platform ya B2B azwi muri Namibiya: 1. TradeKey Namibia (www.namibia.tradekey.com): TradeKey ni isoko rya mbere ku isi rya B2B ryemerera ubucuruzi kuva mu nganda zitandukanye guhuza no kwishora mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Itanga urubuga rwibigo bya Namibiya kugirango berekane ibicuruzwa byabo kandi bigere kubaguzi kwisi yose. 2. GlobalTrade. no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. 3. Bizcommunity.com (www. , ubuhinzi nibindi, bikora nkurubuga rwiza kubucuruzi bashaka kwagura imiyoboro yabo muri Namibiya. 4. Ihuriro rya AfricanAgriBusiness Platform (AABP) (www.africanagribusinessplatform.org/namibiaindia-business-platform): AABP ikora nk'ikiraro gihuza ubuhinzi muri Afurika gifite inyungu zisa ariko ahantu hatandukanye nk'Ubuhinde. Ihuriro rifasha abahinzi-borozi n’abatunganya kuva muri Namibiya kwifatanya na bagenzi babo bo mu Buhinde amahirwe yo gucuruza. 5. Ubuyobozi bwa Kompass Ubucuruzi - Namibiya (en.kompass.com/directory/NA_NA00): Kompass itanga imibare nini yamasosiyete ikorera mumirenge itandukanye kwisi yose harimo inganda, serivisi za serivise nibindi, itanga abakoresha uburyo bwo kumenyekanisha amakuru yabafatanyabikorwa bashobora gushingira kubucuruzi kubipimo byihariye byo gushakisha hamwe nubushishozi bwagaciro. Izi ni ingero nke gusa za platform ya B2B iboneka muri Namibiya yorohereza ubucuruzi hagati yamasosiyete yaho n’amasoko mpuzamahanga. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko urubuga rushya rugaragara buri gihe, kandi ubucuruzi burasabwa gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kugirango hamenyekane urubuga rwiza rushingiye ku nganda zabo cyangwa ibisabwa mu bucuruzi.
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