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Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Uburusiya buzwi ku izina rya Federasiyo y’Uburusiya, nicyo gihugu kinini ku isi ukurikije ubuso. Iherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba no muri Aziya y'Amajyaruguru, ifite kilometero zirenga miliyoni 17. Iki gihugu gisangiye imipaka n’ibihugu bitandukanye bituranye n’Ubushinwa, Kazakisitani, Mongoliya, Ukraine na Finlande. Uburusiya butuwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 146. Moscou ni umurwa mukuru n'umujyi munini ukurikije umubare w'abaturage. Indi mijyi minini irimo Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk na Yekaterinburg. Ururimi rwemewe ruvugwa ni Ikirusiya. Imiterere y'Uburusiya iratandukanye ku buryo budasanzwe, ikubiyemo ibibaya binini, imisozi miremire (nk'imisozi ya Ural) n'ibibaya biri hafi y'inzuzi nyinshi (harimo uruzi rurerure rw'Uburayi - Wolga) n'ibiyaga (harimo n'ikiyaga cya Baikal - ikiyaga kinini cyane ku isi). Ifite kandi inyanja nini ku nyanja ya Arctique ndetse ninyanja nyinshi zirimo inyanja ya Baltique. Amateka azwi cyane mu bwami bwayo - Tsardom w'Uburusiya akurikirwa na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti - Uburusiya bufite umurage ndangamuco ukubiyemo ibitabo (hamwe n'abanditsi bazwi nka Tolstoy), umuziki wa kera (hamwe n'abahimbyi nka Tchaikovsky) n'imbyino za ballet (amasosiyete akomeye ya ballet nka Bolshoi Theatre ). Mu bijyanye n'ubukungu, Uburusiya bufite umutungo kamere harimo peteroli, gaze gasanzwe, amakara hamwe n’ibyuma bitandukanye bituma iba imwe mu zikora ku isonga ku isi muri iyi mirima. Byongeye kandi, inganda nka tekinoroji yo mu kirere igira uruhare runini mubukungu bwabo. Icyakora, Uburusiya kandi buhura n’ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bibangamira iterambere ryabwo harimo amakimbirane ya politiki n’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bituranye, hakenewe ubukungu butandukanye burenze gukuramo umutungo, n'impungenge zijyanye n'uburenganzira bwa muntu. Muri rusange, Uburusiya budasanzwe bw’imiterere y’imiterere, umuco, n’amateka bituma bugira igihugu gishimishije rwose gifite uruhare runini ku isi nubwo cyakomeje guhinduka mu bihe byose.

Uburusiya ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya kandi kikanyura mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba no muri Aziya y'Amajyaruguru. Ifaranga ryemewe ry’Uburusiya ni Ruble y'Uburusiya (RUB), igereranywa na ₽. Ruble igabanijwemo 100 kopeks, nubwo bidakunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa bya buri munsi. Banki nkuru y’Uburusiya izwi ku izina rya Banki y’Uburusiya, igenga politiki y’ifaranga kandi igenga ikwirakwizwa ry’ifaranga muri iki gihugu. Ifaranga ryagize impinduka zikomeye kuva ryatangira gukurikizwa mu 1704. Mu mateka yose, ryahuye n’ibihe by’ifaranga ryinshi no guta agaciro bitewe n’ubukungu bwifashe nabi ndetse na politiki ya politiki. Mu myaka yashize, ifaranga ry’Uburusiya ryahuye n’ibibazo byinshi bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye nk’ibihano mpuzamahanga byafashwe n’ibihugu by’iburengerazuba kubera amakimbirane ya politiki. Ibi byatumye igabanuka ry'agaciro k'ifaranga ugereranije n'ifaranga mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga nk'idolari rya Amerika na euro. Kugira ngo ifaranga ryayo rihamye, Uburusiya bwashyize mu bikorwa ingamba nko kuzamura igipimo cy’inyungu, kugabanya ibikorwa by’ivunjisha, no gushyira mu bikorwa ivugurura ry’imari. Ibi bikorwa byari bigamije kuzamura icyizere cy’abashoramari mu bukungu bw’Uburusiya mu gihe bigabanya umuvuduko w’ifaranga. Nubwo rimwe na rimwe hari ibibazo bitazwi neza mu bukungu, harimo n’imihindagurikire y’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro bya peteroli (kubera ko ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bigira uruhare runini mu bukungu bw’Uburusiya), hashyizweho ingufu mu gushimangira ifaranga ry’ifaranga binyuze mu ngamba zinyuranye. Muri rusange, kimwe n’andi mafranga yose ku isi, impinduka muri politiki y’imari y’imbere mu gihugu hamwe n’ibintu byagutse by’ubukungu bigira ingaruka ku gaciro k’ifaranga ry’Uburusiya ugereranije n’andi mafaranga ku isoko ry’ivunjisha ku isi.

Ifaranga ryemewe n’Uburusiya ni amafaranga y’Uburusiya (RUB). Kubijyanye n’ivunjisha hamwe n’amafaranga akomeye ku isi, dore indangagaciro zigereranijwe (guhera muri Kanama 2022): 1 USD (Amadorari y'Amerika) = 86.5 RUB 1 EUR (Euro) = 101.4 RUB 1 GBP (Pound yo mu Bwongereza) = 116.0 RUB 1 CNY (Igishinwa Yuan) = 13.3 RUB Nyamuneka menya ko igipimo cyivunjisha gishobora gutandukana kandi burigihe birasabwa kugenzura hamwe nisoko ryizewe cyangwa ikigo cyimari kubiciro bigezweho mbere yo gukora ibikorwa byose.

Uburusiya bufite iminsi mikuru myinshi yizihizwa umwaka wose. Imwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye mu Burusiya ni umunsi mushya, wizihizwa ku ya 1 Mutarama. Nibihe bishimishije birangwa na fireworks, ibirori, no guhana impano. Ibirori bitangira mu ijoro rishya abantu bateranira kureba ijambo rya Perezida no kwishimira ibirori. Mu gicuku, mu gihugu hose hari fireworks zidasanzwe. Undi munsi mukuru w'ingenzi mu Burusiya ni umunsi mpuzamahanga w'abagore, wizihizwa ku ya 8 Werurwe buri mwaka. Uyu munsi wishimira ibyagezweho nintererano zabagore muri societe. Ubusanzwe abagabo batanga indabyo nimpano nto kubakobwa babo nkikimenyetso cyo gushimira. Tariki ya 9 Gicurasi ni umunsi wo gutsinda cyangwa umunsi w’intsinzi y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, bibuka intsinzi ku Budage bw'Abanazi mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Ni umwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye y’Uburusiya yuzuyemo parade, fireworks, ibitaramo, n'imihango ikomeye yo guha icyubahiro abahoze mu ntambara. Uburusiya nabwo bwizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi y'idini nka Pasika na Noheri ukurikije imigenzo ya gikristo ya orotodogisi. Pasika igwa kumatariki atandukanye buri mwaka ariko mubisanzwe iba hagati yukwezi kwa Mata nintangiriro za Gicurasi. Abantu bitabira ibikorwa byitorero, bahana amagi atatse neza azwi nka "pysanka," kandi bishimira ifunguro ryumuryango hamwe nimiryango. Hanyuma, umunsi w’ubumwe uba ku ya 4 Ugushyingo buri mwaka mu rwego rwo kwibuka kwibohora kwa Moscou mu mirimo y’Abanyapolonye mu 1612. Igereranya ubumwe n’Uburusiya binyuze mu birori bitandukanye by’umuco nko mu bitaramo, imurikagurisha ryerekana ubukorikori gakondo, ibyerekanwe mu mateka n'ibindi. Iyi minsi mikuru ikomeye iragaragaza umuco wu Burusiya binyuze mu myizerere ishingiye ku idini cyangwa mu mateka akomeye ku Burusiya.

Uburusiya nicyo gihugu kinini ku isi, kizenguruka u Burayi na Aziya, gifite amateka akomeye n'ubukungu butandukanye. Ku bijyanye n'ubucuruzi, Uburusiya bufite uruhare runini ku isi. Uburusiya buzwiho umutungo kamere munini, harimo peteroli, gaze, amabuye y'agaciro, ndetse n'ibyuma. Ibi bituma igira uruhare runini kumasoko yibicuruzwa byisi. Igihugu ni kimwe mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa bya peteroli na gaze ku isi. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigira uruhare runini mu bucuruzi bw’Uburusiya. Usibye ibikomoka ku ngufu, Uburusiya kandi bwohereza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye nk'ibyuma (nk'ibyuma na aluminium), imiti, imashini n'ibikoresho, ibinyabiziga, ibikomoka ku buhinzi (harimo ingano), imyenda, n'intwaro. Icyakora, hibanzwe cyane ku gutandukanya ubukungu bwabwo kugirango bigabanye gushingira ku mavuta yinjira. Uburusiya bwateje imbere umubano w’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu byinshi ku isi. Abafatanyabikorwa bayo bakomeye mu bucuruzi barimo Ubushinwa (bwabaye umufatanyabikorwa w’ubucuruzi ukomeye mu myaka yashize), Ubudage, Ubuholandi, Ubutaliyani, Turukiya, Biyelorusiya, na Qazaqistan. Mu gihe Uburusiya bwohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi ku isi hose, butumiza kandi ibicuruzwa bitandukanye nk'imashini, ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, imyambaro, n'imodoka. Uburusiya butumiza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa, Ubudage, Amerika, Ubutaliyani, na Koreya y'Epfo. Icyakora, umubano w’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu by’Uburusiya n’ibihugu by’iburengerazuba wagize ingaruka ku mpagarara za politiki. Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ibihano by’ubukungu byafashwe n’ibihugu by’iburengerazuba, Uburusiya bwerekeje mu tundi turere nka Aziya, Amerika y'Epfo, na Afurika kugira ngo bushimangire amasoko yoherezwa mu mahanga. Ingamba zitandukanye zo gutandukanya ibintu zigamije mu kuzamura ubukungu bw’igihe kirekire byagaragaye ko ari ingirakamaro ku bukungu bw’Uburusiya. Twabibutsa ko ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bushobora guhinduka bitewe n’impamvu za politiki cyangwa ubukungu bw’isi yose. Muri rusange, Uburusiya bukomeje kugira umwanya ukomeye mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, kubera umutungo kamere mwinshi. Guverinoma y’igihugu igamije kurushaho gutandukanya ubukungu bwabo, kugira ngo habeho amahirwe arambye y’iterambere binyuze mu kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana, GDPutinova

Uburusiya bufite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Nk’igihugu kinini ku isi, Uburusiya bufite umutungo kamere nka peteroli, gaze gasanzwe, amabuye y'agaciro, n'ibiti. Ibi bitanga urufatiro rukomeye rwinganda zohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Imwe mu mbaraga z’Uburusiya n’urwego rw’ingufu. Ni igihugu cya kabiri ku isi gitanga peteroli na gaze gasanzwe, kikaba gifite uruhare runini ku masoko y’ingufu ku isi. Hamwe n’ingufu zikenewe ku isi hose, Uburusiya bufite amahirwe yo kwagura ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze no gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga. Byongeye kandi, Uburusiya bufite inganda zikomeye zirimo inganda nko mu kirere, ibinyabiziga, imashini, n’imiti. Izi nzego zifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge ku masoko yisi. Byongeye kandi, Uburusiya buherereyemo butuma iba ihuriro rikomeye ryambukiranya Uburayi na Aziya. Ihuriro ry’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EAEU), rikubiyemo ibihugu nka Biyelorusiya na Kazakisitani mu bindi bihugu, bitanga ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi muri aka karere. Ibi bitanga amahirwe kubucuruzi bwu Burusiya bwo kwishora muri aya masoko. Byongeye kandi, gahunda za guverinoma ziherutse zigamije gutandukanya ubukungu zagaragaje umusaruro ushimishije. Gahunda "Made in Russia" iteza imbere umusaruro wimbere mu gihugu itanga inkunga kubucuruzi bwaho bwaguka mumahanga. Iyi politiki ishishikariza ubufatanye mpuzamahanga binyuze mu mishinga ihuriweho cyangwa ubufatanye bushobora gufasha kuzamura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Icyakora, hari ibibazo bigomba gukemurwa mbere yo kumenya neza ko Uburusiya bw’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Gutezimbere ibikorwa remezo mu gihugu byorohereza gutwara ibicuruzwa neza mu ntera ndende. Gutezimbere gukorera mu mucyo no kugabanya bureaucracy mubikorwa byubucuruzi nabyo byakurura abashoramari benshi b’amahanga. Mu gusoza ,, ukurikije umutungo wacyo ,, urwego rutandukanye rwinganda ,, ahantu hateganijwe ,, ingamba za leta zifatika ,,, nimbaraga zihoraho mugutezimbere ibikorwa remezo ,, biragaragara ko Uburusiya bufite imbaraga zidasanzwe zikoreshwa mugutezimbere isoko ryubucuruzi bwububanyi n’amahanga,. Hamwe n'ivugurura rikwiye hamwe na politiki yorohereza ubucuruzi ,, Uburusiya bushobora gukurura abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga benshi batanga umusanzu mwiza mu kuzamura ubukungu binyuze mu kongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ..

Ku bijyanye no guhitamo isoko ryiza cyane ku bucuruzi bw’amahanga mu Burusiya, hari ibintu byinshi byingenzi tugomba gusuzuma. Uburusiya butuwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni 144, Uburusiya bugaragaza isoko rinini kandi ryifuza ibyo abaguzi bakeneye. Hano hari inama zuburyo bwo guhitamo ibicuruzwa byiza byoherezwa hanze: 1. Ubushakashatsi ku byerekeranye n’abaguzi: Tangira ukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku isoko kubyo abakiriya b’Uburusiya bakunda ndetse nuburyo bwo kugura. Menya ibyiciro byibicuruzwa bizwi, ibigenda bigaragara, nuburyo bwo kubaho bushobora kuyobora inzira yawe yo guhitamo. 2. Reba amabwiriza y’ibanze: Menyera amabwiriza y’Uburusiya atumiza mu mahanga, harimo ibipimo by’ibicuruzwa, impamyabumenyi, ibisabwa byerekana ibimenyetso, n’amahoro yatumijwe mu mahanga. Gukurikiza aya mabwiriza ni ngombwa kugira ngo isoko ry’Uburusiya ryinjire neza. 3. Wibande ku bwiza: Abaguzi b’Uburusiya baha agaciro ibicuruzwa byiza bitanga igihe kirekire kandi byizewe ku giciro cyiza. Menya neza ko ibicuruzwa wahisemo byujuje ubuziranenge bwo hejuru kuko ibi bizamura ikirango cyawe mubaguzi. 4. Huza ibikenewe byaho: Sobanukirwa n'ibikenewe bidasanzwe by’abaguzi b’Uburusiya kandi uhuze ibicuruzwa byawe ukurikije. Reba ibintu nkibihe byikirere (urugero, imyenda ishyushye mukarere gakonje), ibyifuzo byumuco (urugero, ubukorikori gakondo cyangwa ibiryo), cyangwa ibisabwa byihariye (urugero, ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije cyangwa ibicuruzwa kama). 5. Koresha uburyo bwa e-ubucuruzi: Inganda za e-ubucuruzi zagaragaye cyane mu Burusiya mu myaka yashize; rero, tekereza gufatanya nu mbuga za interineti zizwi nka Yandex.Market cyangwa AliExpress Uburusiya kugirango ugere kubakiriya benshi. 6.Ibiruhuko by'Uburusiya: Koresha ibihe bikomeye byo guhaha nko mu ijoro rishya (31 Ukuboza) n'umunsi mpuzamahanga w'abagore (8 Werurwe). Iyi minsi mikuru itanga abaguzi benshi kandi itanga amahirwe yo kongera ibicuruzwa. 7.Gutahura serivisi zabakiriya: Menya neza serivisi nziza zabakiriya mubikorwa byawe byubucuruzi muburusiya - uhereye kubufasha mbere yo kugurisha kugeza nyuma yo kugurisha - kuko ibyo bizamura ubudahemuka bwabakiriya mugihe hashyizweho ijambo ryiza kumunwa ku isoko. Wibuke ko gutsinda ku isoko iryo ari ryo ryose risaba guhuza ubushakashatsi bwimbitse, guhuza n'imihindagurikire, no kwiyemeza guhaza ibyo abaguzi bakeneye. Mu kwibanda ku gusobanukirwa isoko ry’Uburusiya no guhuza ibicuruzwa byawe ukurikije, urashobora kongera amahirwe yo kugera ku ntsinzi mu bucuruzi bwinjiza amafaranga menshi mu Burusiya.

Ibiranga abakiriya mu Burusiya: 1. Ishingiye ku mibanire: Abakiriya b’Uburusiya baha agaciro umubano bwite no kwizerana iyo bakora ubucuruzi. Kubaka ubwumvikane bukomeye nabakiriya ningirakamaro kugirango umuntu atsinde igihe kirekire. 2. Ubusanzwe: Abarusiya bashira imbere muburyo busanzwe, cyane cyane mugihe cyambere cyo gukorana. Biramenyerewe kuvugana nabakiriya ukoresheje izina ryabo nizina ryanyuma, keretse iyo byerekanwe ukundi. 3. Kumenya igihe: Igihe cyubahirizwa gihabwa agaciro mubucuruzi bwuburusiya, kandi gutinda cyangwa gutinda bishobora kurebwa nabi nabakiriya. Nibyiza ko ugera mugihe cyinama kandi ukubahiriza igihe ntarengwa. 4. Uburyo bw'itumanaho: Abarusiya bashima itumanaho ritaziguye badakubise igihuru. Bahitamo kugororoka no kuba inyangamugayo mubiganiro cyangwa ibiganiro. 5. Kuba hafi kubisobanuro birambuye: Kwitondera amakuru arambuye bigira uruhare runini mubyo abakiriya b’Uburusiya bakunda kuko bakunda gusesengura neza ibintu byose bigize amasezerano mbere yo gukora. 6. Kumva neza ibiciro: Mugihe ibintu bifite ireme, igiciro nikintu cyingenzi kubakiriya benshi babarusiya kubera ubukungu. Kirazira y'abakiriya mu Burusiya: 1. Irinde kuganira kuri politiki cyangwa ingingo zitavugwaho rumwe keretse niba byavuzwe neza nabakiriya ubwabo. 2. Irinde kuvuga amagambo asebanya kubyerekeye Uburusiya cyangwa umuco wacyo, kuko bishobora kubabaza abakiriya. 3. Ntugapfobye akamaro k'imibanire yawe bwite; kwirengagiza imbaraga zubaka umubano birashobora kubangamira amahirwe yubucuruzi nabakiriya b’Uburusiya. 4. Impano zirashimwa ariko zigomba gutangwa uko bikwiye; irinde impano zidasanzwe zishobora kugaragara nka ruswa cyangwa gucuruza abantu kubera ko ibibazo bya ruswa bibaho mu nzego zimwe na zimwe z’umuryango w’Uburusiya. 5. Witondere gusezerana bidashobora gusohora vuba cyangwa neza kuko ikizere aricyo cyambere mubakiriya b’Uburusiya. Icyitonderwa: Ibi biranga abakiriya na kirazira nibisanzwe bishingiye ku kwitegereza umuco ariko ntibishobora gukoreshwa kuri buri muntu muburusiya kubera itandukaniro ryakarere no gutandukana kwabantu.

Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo mu Burusiya ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kugenzura imipaka y'igihugu no gufata ingamba z'umutekano. Hano hari ingingo z'ingenzi zo gusobanukirwa ibijyanye n'amabwiriza ya gasutamo n'Uburusiya. Ubwa mbere, abashyitsi bose binjira cyangwa bava mu Burusiya bagomba gutangaza ibintu byose bifite agaciro karenze urugero. Ibi birimo amafaranga, imitako, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, cyangwa ibindi bintu byose bifite agaciro. Kudatanga imenyekanisha ryiza birashobora kuvamo ibihano no kwamburwa ibicuruzwa bitamenyekanye. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa bimwe birabujijwe cyangwa birabujijwe gutumizwa mu mahanga cyangwa koherezwa mu Burusiya. Harimo ibiyobyabwenge, intwaro, ubwoko bwibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe, nibicuruzwa ndangamuco. Ni ngombwa ko abagenzi bagenzura urutonde rwibintu bibujijwe mbere yo kwinjira cyangwa kuva mu gihugu. Iyo ugiye mu Burusiya ufite imiti yandikiwe, ni byiza ko wandikira umuganga inyandiko yanditse nk'ikimenyetso cyemewe cyo kuyikoresha. Bageze ku bibuga by'indege by'Uburusiya cyangwa ku mipaka y'ubutaka, abagenzi bazanyura mu kugenzura pasiporo no kugenzura gasutamo. Abakozi ba gasutamo barashobora gukora igenzura ridasanzwe ku mizigo n'ibintu byabo bwite ku bicuruzwa bitemewe. Ni ngombwa gufatanya nubuyobozi niba byatoranijwe kugirango bisuzumwe. Abagenzi bagomba kwemeza ko barangije ibyangombwa nkimpapuro z’abinjira n’abinjira mu mpapuro zimenyekanisha neza kandi nta buryarya mbere yo kugera mu Burusiya. Iyi fomu iratandukanye bitewe nuburyo bwihariye nkintego nigihe cyo kumara. Ni ngombwa kandi ku bagenzi bava mu Burusiya kutarenza amafaranga atishyurwa ashyirwaho n’amabwiriza ya gasutamo y’Uburusiya yerekeranye n’ubuguzi bwakorewe mu gihugu. Mu gusoza, kugendagenda muri gasutamo y’Uburusiya bisaba kubahiriza amabwiriza yerekeranye n’imipaka ntarengwa yo kumenyekanisha ifaranga, kubuza ibintu bibujijwe, kuzuza ibyangombwa nkenerwa hakiri kare mu gihe witegura kugenzurwa nyuma yo kuhagera / guhaguruka ku bibuga by’indege cyangwa ku butaka.

Uburusiya bwashyize mu bikorwa politiki y’imisoro ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga mu rwego rwo kurinda inganda z’imbere mu gihugu no kuzamura umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu. Igihugu gishyiraho imisoro ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bitandukanye, bitandukanye bitewe n'imiterere n'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu Burusiya bitangirwa amahoro ya gasutamo, TVA (Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro), hamwe n’imisoro ku musoro. Amahoro ya gasutamo atangwa hashingiwe ku gaciro ka gasutamo y’ibicuruzwa kimwe no kuyashyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe icyiciro cy’Uburusiya gishinzwe ibikorwa by’ubukungu bw’amahanga (TN VED). Ibi biciro birashobora kuva kuri 0% kugeza kuri magana kwijana, nubwo ibintu byinshi bifite igipimo cyamahoro hagati ya 5% na 30%. Ibi bifasha kugenzura ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ibicuruzwa biva hanze ugereranije bihenze ugereranije nibicuruzwa byakorewe mu gihugu. Usibye amahoro ya gasutamo, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga nabyo bigengwa n’umusoro ku nyongeragaciro wa 20%. Nyamara, ibicuruzwa bimwe byingenzi nkibiribwa, ibikoresho byubuhinzi, imiti, ibitabo, nibindi, birashobora kugabanywa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro cyangwa zeru. Byongeye kandi, imisoro ku musoro irashobora kandi gushyirwaho ku byiciro byihariye by’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga nka alcool n’ibicuruzwa by’itabi. Iyi misoro igamije guca intege ibicuruzwa bikabije mu gihe byinjiza leta amafaranga. Ni ngombwa ko abatumiza mu Burusiya bubahiriza amabwiriza yose ajyanye n’amahame agenga ibiciro hamwe n’ibisabwa. Kutubahiriza amategeko birashobora gutuma gutinda kwa gasutamo cyangwa ibihano. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe mu Burusiya igamije kurinda inganda z’imbere mu gihugu ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga ugereranije n’igiciro cyinshi mu gihe byinjiza amafaranga binyuze mu misoro n’imisoro. Izi ngamba zishishikariza umusaruro waho kandi zunganira ubukungu bwigihugu.

Uburusiya n’igihugu kinini gifite ubukungu butandukanye, kandi politiki y’imisoro yohereza mu mahanga igira uruhare runini mu guhindura umubano w’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Guverinoma y’Uburusiya ishyiraho imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye kugira ngo igenzure amasoko y’imbere mu gihugu, iteze imbere inganda zaho, kandi yinjize Leta amafaranga. Imisoro yoherezwa mu Burusiya yibanda cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa nka peteroli, gaze, ibyuma, n’ibikomoka ku buhinzi. Aya masoko ni ingenzi ku bukungu bw’Uburusiya kandi akenshi agaragaza igice kinini cy’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Guverinoma ishyiraho kandi igahindura iyi misoro buri gihe kugirango ihuze inyungu zubukungu ikeneye gushyigikira isoko ryimbere mu gihugu. Igipimo cy'umusoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga kiratandukanye bitewe n'ibicuruzwa byihariye. Kurugero, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bitangirwa umusoro wo kohereza mu mahanga uhindagurika ukurikije ibiciro bya peteroli ku isi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, gaze gasanzwe ifite igipimo cy’imisoro ishaka inyungu no guhangana ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Ibyuma nk'amabuye y'icyuma, aluminium, umuringa, nikel nabyo bihura n'imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga. Aya mahoro yemeza ko ibikoresho fatizo bikorerwa mu Burusiya bisanga inzira mu nganda zikora mu gihugu ku giciro cyiza ndetse binashishikariza ibikorwa byongerewe agaciro mu gihugu. Ibicuruzwa byubuhinzi bigize ikindi cyiciro cyingenzi gisoreshwa imisoro yoherezwa mu Burusiya. Imisoro irashobora gutandukana bitewe nimpungenge zumutekano wibiribwa cyangwa imbaraga zo kuzamura inganda zubuhinzi mukugabanya amarushanwa yamahanga. Twabibutsa ko nubwo iyi misoro ishobora kwinjiza leta y’Uburusiya amafaranga menshi, ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku biciro by’ibicuruzwa ku isi ndetse n’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi hamwe n’ibindi bihugu bishingiye ku mutungo w’Uburusiya. Mu myaka yashize, hakomeje kuganirwaho ku mpinduka zishobora kuba muri politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu Burusiya mu rwego rwo kurushaho kwagura ubukungu cyangwa gukemura ibibazo bya politiki bigira ingaruka ku bucuruzi bw’isi. Nibyiza ko ubucuruzi bwishora mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga nu Burusiya bugumya kugezwaho amakuru yose yahinduwe cyangwa ibyahinduwe muri iyi politiki yimisoro kugirango bategure neza ingamba zo gutumiza no kohereza hanze.

Uburusiya, nk'umukinnyi ukomeye ku isoko mpuzamahanga, bufite uburyo butandukanye bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze kugira ngo harebwe ubuziranenge n'umutekano by'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Izi mpamyabumenyi zifasha kubaka ikizere mubatumiza mu mahanga no koroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Kimwe mu byemezo byibanze byoherezwa mu Burusiya ni icyemezo cya GOST-R (Gosudarstvenny Standart). Ni itegeko ku bicuruzwa byinshi byoherezwa mu Burusiya kandi byerekana kubahiriza ubuziranenge bw’Uburusiya. Iki cyemezo gikubiyemo inzego zitandukanye nk'imashini, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imiti, gutunganya ibiryo, n'ibindi. Kubicuruzwa byubuhinzi bigenewe koherezwa mu mahanga, Icyemezo cya Phytosanitarite ni ngombwa. Iki cyemezo kigenzura ko ibimera cyangwa ibikomoka ku bimera byagenzuwe kandi ko nta byonnyi cyangwa indwara mbere yo koherezwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Iremeza kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga ya phytosanitarite yashyizweho n’imiryango nk’amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo kurinda ibimera (IPPC). Usibye izo mpamyabumenyi zihariye z’Umurenge, Uburusiya busaba kandi kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kubona icyemezo cy’ubuziranenge (CoC) cyangwa Itangazo ryuzuzanya (DoC). CoC yerekana ko ibicuruzwa byujuje amabwiriza ya tekiniki asabwa cyangwa ibipimo by’igihugu byashyizweho na Rosstandart (Ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe kugenzura tekiniki na metero). Hagati aho, DoC ikora nk'ikimenyetso cyerekana ko ibicuruzwa byubahiriza amabwiriza yihariye ariko bidasabye ko hakorwa ibizamini bya laboratoire. Ikindi cyemezo gikomeye cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Burusiya ni ISO 9001: 2015 Icyemezo cyo gucunga neza ubuziranenge. Nubwo atari itegeko ku bucuruzi bwose, iki gipimo cyemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga cyerekana ubushake bw’isosiyete yo gukora ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge buri gihe. Ni ngombwa ko Abarusiya bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bamenya ibyo basabwa mbere yo kwishora mu bikorwa mpuzamahanga by'ubucuruzi. Mugihe iyi ncamake itanga incamake yibyemezo bimwe byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze muburusiya; Ibyiciro byibicuruzwa byihariye birashobora gusaba ibyangombwa byinyongera ukurikije imiterere yabyo n’aho igihugu cyinjira mu mahanga. Muri rusange, kubona ibyemezo bikwiye byoherezwa mu mahanga byizeza abaguzi ku isi hose ubwitange bw’Uburusiya mu kohereza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihe byubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga.

Uburusiya, igihugu kinini ku isi, kizwiho imiterere nini n’ibiranga amateka. Niba ukeneye serivisi zizewe zizewe muburusiya, dore ibyifuzo bimwe na bimwe ugomba gusuzuma. 1. Amaposita y’Uburusiya: Serivisi y’amaposita y’Uburusiya, Poste y’Uburusiya itanga uburyo butandukanye bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa haba mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga. Hamwe nurusobe rwamashami mugihugu cyose, rutanga igisubizo cyoroshye kandi gihenze cyo kohereza amabaruwa, inyandiko, hamwe nudupaki duto. 2. DHL: Nka kimwe mu biza ku isonga mu gutanga ibikoresho ku isi, DHL ikorera cyane mu Burusiya itanga serivisi zizewe zitangwa. Nubuhanga bwabo mubijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga nubufatanye nabatwara ibicuruzwa byaho, DHL itanga uburyo bwihuse kandi bunoze muburusiya. 3. Pony Express: Isosiyete izwi cyane yohereza ubutumwa kabuhariwe mu gutanga ibicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu mu Burusiya. Pony Express itanga serivise ku nzu n'inzu hamwe nuburyo bwinshi bwo gutanga harimo umunsi umwe cyangwa umunsi ukurikira woherejwe bitewe nubwihutirwa bwoherejwe. 4. Ibikoresho bya RZD: Kubijyanye no gutwara ibicuruzwa byinshi cyangwa ibicuruzwa biva mu Burusiya cyangwa mu bihugu bituranye n’Ubushinwa cyangwa Uburayi, RZD Logistics ni amahitamo asabwa. Batanga ibisubizo byuzuye bya gari ya moshi hamwe na serivisi zihuriweho na gasutamo kugirango ubwikorezi bunoze. 5 6 7. HeyHeyExpress (AKA Ruston): Urubuga ruzwi cyane rwa interineti ruhuza abantu bakeneye kohereza ibicuruzwa hamwe nabagenzi bafite umwanya wimitwaro ihari mugihe cyurugendo rwabo / bava mumijyi itandukanye yo muburusiya. Ibi byifuzo bitanga amahitamo atandukanye bitewe nibikoresho byawe bikenewe muburusiya. Buri gihe ujye uzirikana ibintu nkubunini na kamere yibyoherejwe, bije, nigihe cyo gutanga mugihe uhitamo ibikoresho.

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Uburusiya nigihugu gifite inzira nyinshi zingenzi zitanga amasoko hamwe n’ubucuruzi. Izi porogaramu zigira uruhare runini mu gukurura abaguzi ku isi no kuzamura ibicuruzwa n’inganda by’Uburusiya ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Dore bimwe mubigaragara: 1. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’i Moscou: Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi rya Moscou, rizwi kandi ku izina rya YugAgro, ni rimwe mu imurikagurisha rinini ry’ubuhinzi mu Burusiya. Igaragaza urwego runini rwubuhinzi, harimo imashini, ibikoresho, ubworozi bwamatungo, umusaruro wibihingwa, no gutunganya ibiryo. Iri murikagurisha ritanga amahirwe meza kubaguzi mpuzamahanga gushakisha ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi by’Uburusiya no gushyiraho ubufatanye. 2. Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’ubukungu ryitiriwe Mutagatifu Petersburg (SPIEF): Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’ubukungu ry’i St. Petersburg ni ibirori ngarukamwaka bibera urubuga abayobozi b’ubucuruzi baturutse hirya no hino ku isi kugira ngo baganire ku bibazo by’ubukungu byugarije Uburusiya n’ibindi bihugu. Ikurura abayobozi bo mu nzego zo hejuru, abayobozi bakuru b'ibigo bikomeye, n'abahagarariye inganda zitandukanye zirimo ingufu, imari, ikoranabuhanga, inganda n'ibindi, bitanga amahirwe yo guhuza no gucukumbura imishinga ishora imari. 3. Innoprom: Innoprom ni imurikagurisha ry’ubucuruzi ryabereye mu mujyi wa Yekaterinburg ryibanda ku kwerekana ikoranabuhanga rishya mu nzego zitandukanye nko kubaka imashini, ibisubizo bitanga ingufu, amarobo n'ibindi, gukurura abashyitsi mpuzamahanga bashishikajwe n'ubuhanga bw'Uburusiya mu nganda zitandukanye. 4. WorldFood Moscou: WorldFood Moscou ni imwe mu imurikagurisha ry’inganda zikora ibiribwa mu Burusiya aho abahinzi b’igihugu berekana ibicuruzwa byabo hamwe n’amasosiyete mpuzamahanga yerekana ibiribwa byo hirya no hino ku isi ahagarariye ibice byose: ibiribwa & udukoryo; ibirungo; imigati; icyayi & ikawa; Inganda zikora ibinyobwa bisindisha nibindi, Iri murika ni urubuga rwingenzi rwamasosiyete yo murugo guhuza nabaguzi mpuzamahanga bashishikajwe nibiribwa byu Burusiya. 5.Imbuga zambukiranya imipaka E-ubucuruzi: Uburusiya bwabonye iterambere rikomeye ku mbuga za interineti zicuruza imipaka nka AliExpress Uburusiya (umushinga uhuriweho na Alibaba Group & Mail.ru Group), utuma abagurisha Ubushinwa bagera ku isoko ry’Uburusiya neza. Iyindi mbuga izwi cyane yambukiranya imipaka ikorera mu Burusiya ni Wildberries, iduka rishingiye ku Burusiya ritanga ibicuruzwa byinshi biva mu bihugu bitandukanye. 6. Gahunda yo gusimbuza ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga: Muri gahunda yo gusimbuza ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, Uburusiya bwakomeje kwibanda ku musaruro w’imbere mu gihugu kugira ngo busimbuze ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga ku buryo bugaragara. Guverinoma yashyize mu bikorwa ingamba zitandukanye zo gushyigikira inganda zaho, harimo kugabanya imisoro n'inkunga. Iyi gahunda itanga amahirwe kumasosiyete mpuzamahanga gufatanya nabakora muburusiya cyangwa abatanga ibicuruzwa. Muri make, Uburusiya butanga inzira nyinshi zingenzi zitanga amasoko n’ubucuruzi nk’imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi ry’i Moscou (YugAgro), Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’ubukungu ry’i St. ihuza n'inganda z'Uburusiya mugihe utanga amahirwe kumasosiyete yo muburusiya yo kwagura ibikorwa byayo kumasoko yisi.

Imashini zishakisha

Mu Burusiya, hari moteri nyinshi zishakisha abantu bakunze gukoresha mugushakisha interineti no kubona amakuru. Moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa cyane muburusiya zirimo: 1. Yandex - Yandex niyo moteri ishakisha nini kandi izwi cyane muburusiya. Itanga serivisi zitandukanye, zirimo gushakisha urubuga, amakarita, amakuru, amashusho, videwo, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga rwa Yandex ni: www.yandex.ru. 2. Google - Nubwo Google ari igihangange cyo gushakisha ku isi kandi ikoreshwa cyane ku isi, ifite kandi umwanya uhagije ku isoko ry’Uburusiya. Abarusiya benshi bahitamo gukoresha Google kubisubizo nyabyo by'ishakisha na serivisi zitandukanye nka Gmail na YouTube. Urubuga rwa Google Uburusiya ni: www.google.ru. 3. Mail. Itanga abakoresha ibisubizo byubushakashatsi bijyanye hamwe nizindi serivisi nkamakuru agezweho niteganyagihe. Urashobora kubona Mail.ru Shakisha kuri: www.search.mail.ru. 4. Rambler - Rambler ni urundi rubuga ruzwi cyane rwo mu Burusiya rwa interineti rugaragaza moteri yacyo ishakisha yitwa Rambler Search (mbere izwi nka Rambler Top 100). Usibye gutanga ibikorwa byo gushakisha kurubuga, Rambler atanga kandi serivise za imeri, amakuru agezweho, serivise yumuziki utanga amakuru, iteganyagihe, nibindi. Urashobora gusura Rambler Shakisha kuri: www.rambler.ru. 5. Bing - Nubwo itari yiganje nk’abavuzwe haruguru mu kwamamara mu Barusiya muri rusange, Bing iracyafite umubare w’abakoresha mu gihugu kubera ko yerekanaga ibintu byinshi ku rwego mpuzamahanga hamwe n’ibikorwa byaho bitangwa na Microsoft byagenewe abakoresha Uburusiya kuri bing. com /? cc = ru Izi nimwe mumoteri ishakisha ikoreshwa muburusiya hamwe nurubuga rwabo rwavuzwe haruguru.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Uburusiya nigihugu kinini gifite ubucuruzi na serivisi zitandukanye ziboneka kubatuye ndetse nabashyitsi. Dore urutonde rwa page zimwe zumuhondo zizwi cyane zishobora kugufasha kubona amakuru kubyerekeye ibigo bitandukanye muburusiya: 1. Yandex: moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane muburusiya, Yandex itanga ububiko bwubucuruzi bwuzuye buzwi nka "Yandex.Page." Itanga amakuru arambuye, aderesi, hamwe nisubiramo ryabakoresha mubucuruzi butandukanye. Urubuga: page.yandex.ru 2. 2GIS: Serivisi ishushanya amakarita azwi cyane mu Burusiya, 2GIS ikubiyemo kandi impapuro nini z'umuhondo zikubiyemo imijyi myinshi yo mu gihugu. Urashobora kubona amakuru kubyerekeranye nubucuruzi bwaho, harimo amakuru arambuye, amasaha yakazi, hamwe nu rutonde rwabakoresha kurubuga rwabo. Urubuga: 2gis.ru 3. Urupapuro rwumuhondo Uburusiya (YP.RU): Uru rubuga rwibanda cyane cyane ku guhuza abakoresha n’amasosiyete y’ibanze mu nganda zitandukanye nk'ubuvuzi, ubwubatsi, serivisi zo kwakira abashyitsi, n'ibindi, binyuze mu gitabo kinini cy’umuhondo. Urubuga: yp.ru 4. Moscou InfoYellowPages: Nkuko izina ribigaragaza, uru rubuga rwahariwe gutanga amakuru kubyerekeye ibigo bikorera i Moscou byumwihariko. Itanga amakuru ashakishwa yubucuruzi yashyizwe mubikorwa ninganda hamwe nibisobanuro byabo hamwe nandi makuru afatika. Urubuga: mosyello.com 5. Urupapuro rwumuhondo RUweb (Catalog.web100.com): Ubu bubiko bwo kumurongo burimo ibice byinshi byamasosiyete yo muburusiya yateguwe nibyiciro hamwe n’ahantu kugirango byorohereze abakoresha kubona ibyo bashaka vuba. Nyamuneka menya ko mugihe izi ari zimwe murubuga zikoreshwa cyane kurupapuro rwumuhondo muburusiya, hashobora kubaho izindi zihari ukurikije aho uherereye cyangwa umujyi wawe mugihugu.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Uburusiya nigihugu kinini gifite isoko rya e-ubucuruzi ryihuta cyane. Dore bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi muburusiya hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Inyamanswa (https://www.wildberries.ru/) - Wildberries ni imwe mu mbuga nini za e-ubucuruzi mu Burusiya kandi itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo imyenda, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibicuruzwa byiza, ibicuruzwa byo mu rugo, n'ibindi. 2. Ozon (https://www.ozon.ru/) - Ozon ni irindi soko rizwi cyane kuri interineti mu Burusiya rigurisha ibicuruzwa bitandukanye nk'ibitabo, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ibikoresho by'imyambarire, n'ibindi. 3. AliExpress Uburusiya (https://aliexpress.ru/) - AliExpress yamenyekanye cyane mu Burusiya kubera guhitamo ibicuruzwa bihendutse ku bagurisha Ubushinwa. 4. Yandex.Market (https://market.yandex.ru/) - Yandex.Market ni isoko ryo kumurongo rifitwe nigihangange cy’ubushakashatsi bw’Uburusiya Yandex. Irimo abagurisha benshi batanga ibyiciro bitandukanye nka electronics, ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo murugo, nibindi byinshi. 5. Lamoda (https://www.lamoda.ru/) - Lamoda kabuhariwe mu gutanga ibintu by'imyambarire birimo imyenda y'abagabo n'abagore, inkweto, ibikoresho biva mu bucuruzi ndetse no mu mahanga. 6. Beru na Yandex (https://beru.ru/) - Beru ni isoko rya interineti rifitwe na Yandex ryibanda ku kugurisha ibicuruzwa by’abacuruzi bizewe bo mu Burusiya bizewe mu byiciro bitandukanye nka electronics, ibiribwa n'ibiribwa n'ibindi. 7. Mvideo (https://www.mvideo.ru/) - Mvideo ni urubuga ruzwi cyane mu kugurisha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi nka terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa tablet ibikoresho ibikoresho byo gukina nibindi 8 .Rozetka (https://rozetka.ua) –- Rozetka kabuhariwe cyane cyane ku bikoresho by'amashanyarazi birimo ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo mudasobwa zigendanwa, ibikoresho bigendanwa, ibikoresho byo mu rugo n'ibindi byinshi 9 .Citilink (https: /citilink.ru) - CitiLink yibanda cyane cyane mubikoresho byo murugo, ibikoresho, mudasobwa na electronics Izi ni ingero nke gusa za e-ubucuruzi bukomeye bwa e-bucuruzi muburusiya. Hariho izindi mbuga ntoya kimwe no kugaburira ahantu runaka nko gutanga ibiryo (Gutanga Club), kubika amahoteri (Booking.com), serivisi zingendo (OneTwoTrip), nibindi byinshi. Burigihe nibyiza gukora ubushakashatsi mbere yo kugura ugereranije ibiciro, gusoma ibyasuzumwe, no kugenzura izina ryabagurisha kururu rubuga.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Uburusiya ni igihugu gifite imbuga nkoranyambaga zitandukanye zita ku baturage banyuranye. Dore zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane mu Burusiya hamwe n'imbuga zabo: 1. VKontakte (VK) - izwi kandi ku izina rya "Facebook yo mu Burusiya," VKontakte ni rumwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga nini mu Burusiya. Abakoresha barashobora gukora imyirondoro, guhuza inshuti, kwinjiza mumuryango, gusangira ibintu byinshi bya media, no gukina imikino yo kumurongo. Urubuga: vk.com 2. Odnoklassniki - Uru rubuga rwibanda ku guhuza abo mwigana n'inshuti za kera. Abakoresha barashobora kubona no kuvugana nabantu bo mumashuri yabo na kaminuza, kwinjirira mumiryango yibiganiro, gukina imikino, no gusangira amafoto / videwo. Urubuga: ok.ru 3. Isi Yanjye (Moy Mir) - Ikoreshwa na Groupe ya Mail.ru, Isi Yanjye ikomatanya ibintu byo kwandika no guhuza imbuga nkoranyambaga aho abakoresha bashobora kuvumbura ibintu bishimishije byihariye kubwinyungu zabo cyangwa bagashiraho blog zabo kugirango basangire ibitekerezo / ibitekerezo kumugaragaro cyangwa mwiherereye muri a urusobe rw'inshuti. Urubuga: my.mail.ru 4. Telegramu - Nka porogaramu yohererezanya ubutumwa yahise itunganywa na rwiyemezamirimo w’Uburusiya Pavel Durov, Telegram yemerera abakoresha kohereza ubutumwa, guhamagara amajwi, amadosiye ya multimediya hamwe n’ibanga rya nyuma kugeza ku ndunduro kugira ngo ubuzima bwite bwiyongere. Urubuga: telegram.org 5. Instagram - Nubwo itari iy'Uburusiya nk'izindi mbuga ziri kuri uru rutonde ariko izwi cyane mu Barusiya nyamara; ni urubuga rwo gusangira amafoto na videwo aho abakoresha bashiraho ibintu bishobora gutangazwa kumugaragaro cyangwa gusangirwa gusa mubayoboke babo. Urubuga: instagram.com

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Uburusiya bufite amashyirahamwe menshi y’inganda agira uruhare runini mu bukungu bw’igihugu. Dore bamwe muribo hamwe na aderesi zabo kurubuga: 1. Ihuriro ry’Abarusiya n’inganda na ba rwiyemezamirimo (RSPP) Urubuga: https://www.rspp.ru/en/ 2. Ishyirahamwe ryamabanki yu Burusiya (ARB) Urubuga: https://arb.ru/en/urugo 3. Ishyirahamwe ryabakora ibinyabiziga (OAR) Urubuga: http://oar-info.com/ 4. Ubumwe bw’Uburusiya bw’Abashakashatsi (RUC) Urubuga: http://ruc-union.org/ 5. Ishyirahamwe ryabatunganya gazi n’abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze (AGPE) Urubuga: http: // www 6. Ihuriro rya Restaurateurs na Hoteri Urubuga: https://fbrussia.ru/?lang=en 7. Ishyirahamwe rya Televiziyo na Radiyo Urubuga: http://aabbrt.org/?lang=en 8. Ishyirahamwe ryu Burusiya ryo gukwirakwiza film Urubuga: https://kino.kit.ru/eng/guild-rus.php 9.Uburusiya bw’uruganda rukora ifu n’ibimera (RUFMGP) urubuga: http // rufmgp.su 10.Abanyamuryango b'Abarusiya bategura akarere (ROZSPOZHIVETERS UNION) urubuga: http // rozsplur-union.urubuga.com Aya mashyirahamwe akubiyemo inzego zitandukanye nk'inganda, amabanki, gukora amamodoka, imiti, umusaruro wa gazi karemano, kwakira abashyitsi, gutangaza amakuru, gukwirakwiza firime, gutunganya ibiryo (ni ukuvuga RUFMGP), n'ibicuruzwa (ni ukuvuga ROZSPOZHIVETERS UNION). Nyamuneka menya ko amakuru yatanzwe arukuri mugihe cyo kwandika iki gisubizo ariko burigihe birasabwa gusura imbuga zabo kugirango bigezweho kuri aya mashyirahamwe yinganda.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Dore zimwe mu mbuga zubukungu nubucuruzi muburusiya hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Minisiteri y’iterambere ry’ubukungu ry’Uburusiya - Uru rubuga rwemewe rutanga amakuru kuri politiki ya leta, amabwiriza, amahirwe y’ishoramari, n’ibipimo by’ubukungu. Urubuga: http://ubukungu.gov.ru/eng 2. Ikigega cy’ishoramari kiziguye cy’Uburusiya - Iki kigega cy’ubutunzi cyigenga giteza imbere ishoramari ritaziguye mu mishinga y’Uburusiya mu nzego zitandukanye. Itanga amakuru kumahirwe yishoramari, gushakisha abafatanyabikorwa, hamwe namakuru agezweho. Urubuga: https://rdif.ru/Eng_Index/ 3. Urugereko rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda mu Burusiya - Urugereko ruhagarariye inyungu z’ubucuruzi mu Burusiya kandi rworoshya ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi rutanga ibyemezo, ubufasha mu by'amategeko, raporo z’ubushakashatsi ku isoko, hamwe n’ibikorwa by’urusobe. Urubuga: https://tpprf.ru/en/urugo 4. Gushora imari mu Burusiya - Uru rubuga rukora nk'isoko rimwe ku bashoramari b'abanyamahanga bashaka gushakisha amahirwe mu bucuruzi mu Burusiya. Itanga amakuru yihariye yumurenge, ubushakashatsi bwibibazo, ubuyobozi bwabashoramari, hamwe namakuru agezweho kumabwiriza no gushimangira. Urubuga: https://investinrussia.com/ 5. FAS Uburusiya (Federal Antimonopoly Service) - FAS itanga irushanwa ku masoko igenga imikorere ibuza abantu kubangamira ubucuruzi buboneye cyangwa kwangiza inyungu z’abaguzi mu bukungu bw’Uburusiya. Urubuga: http://en.fas.gov.ru/ 6. Banki Nkuru y’Uburusiya - Urubuga rwemewe rutanga ubumenyi ku ngamba za politiki y’ifaranga zafashwe na banki nkuru kimwe n’imibare y’ingenzi y’imari yerekeye igipimo cy’inyungu, igipimo cy’ifaranga ry’ivunjisha n'ibindi. Urubuga: https://www.cbr.ru/eng/ 7.Export.gov/Russia - Yakozwe na Serivisi ishinzwe ubucuruzi muri Amerika (USCS), uru rubuga rworohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu masosiyete y'Abanyamerika mu Burusiya bitanga raporo z’isoko ryihariye ry’inganda, serivisi z’ubujyanama hamwe n’ibisobanuro birambuye ku bafatanyabikorwa baho .. Urubuga: http: //www.export.gov/russia/index.asp

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hariho urubuga rwamakuru rwubucuruzi rwinshi rushobora kubaza amakuru yubucuruzi bwu Burusiya. Dore ingero zimwe hamwe na aderesi zabo kurubuga: 1. Serivisi ishinzwe za gasutamo mu Burusiya: Uru ni urubuga rwemewe rw’ishami rya gasutamo mu Burusiya. Itanga amakuru arambuye kubitumizwa mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, n'imibare ya gasutamo. Urubuga: http://www.customs.ru/en/ 2. Ikarita y'Ubucuruzi: Yateguwe n'Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cy'Ubucuruzi (ITC), iyi platform itanga imibare yuzuye y’ubucuruzi n’amakuru yinjira ku Burusiya. Urubuga: https://www.trademap.org/ 3. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS): WITS itanga uburyo bwo kubona amakuru atandukanye ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, harimo amakuru yatanzwe n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye na Banki y'Isi. Abakoresha barashobora gushakisha amakuru yubucuruzi bwu Burusiya hano. Urubuga: https://wits.worldbank.org/ 4. Ububikoshingiro bw’umuryango w’abibumbye: Iyi base base, ikorwa n’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye rishinzwe ibarurishamibare, itanga uburenganzira ku makuru y’ubucuruzi arambuye y’ibicuruzwa byatangajwe n’ibihugu birenga 200 harimo n’Uburusiya. Urubuga: https://comtrade.un.org/ 5 Urubuga: http://www.globaltradetracker.com/ 6. Export.gov Uburusiya Ubuyobozi bw’ubucuruzi mu gihugu: Nubwo atari urubuga rwihariye rw’ubucuruzi, iki gitabo cyasohowe n’ishami ry’ubucuruzi muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika gitanga ubumenyi bwimbitse ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi bw’Uburusiya kandi bukubiyemo imibare y’ubucuruzi ifitanye isano. Urubuga: https://www.export.gov/russia Izi mbuga zigomba kuguha amakuru menshi ajyanye nibikorwa byubucuruzi bwu Burusiya nko gutumiza mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, amahoro, imigendekere y’isoko, n'ibindi. Nyamuneka menya ko burigihe bisabwa kugenzura no guhuza amakuru aturuka ahantu henshi mugihe wishingikirije kumibare yubucuruzi kubushakashatsi cyangwa intego zubucuruzi.

B2b

Mu Burusiya, hari urubuga rwa B2B ruzwi cyane rushobora gukoreshwa nubucuruzi. Dore bike muri byo: 1. Alibaba Uburusiya - Uru rubuga ni ishami rya Alibaba Group kandi rutanga serivisi zubucuruzi hagati y’abacuruzi bo ku isi n’ubucuruzi bw’Uburusiya. Urubuga: www.alibaba.ru 2. Byakozwe mu Burusiya - Uru rubuga rwahariwe guteza imbere no kugurisha ibicuruzwa bikozwe mu Burusiya kandi bifasha abaguzi bo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga kubona abaguzi babikwiye. Urubuga: www.madeinrussia.com 3. EC21 Uburusiya - EC21 ni rimwe mu masoko manini ya B2B ya elegitoroniki muri Aziya, bafite kandi umwanya mu Burusiya, kandi batanga urubuga rw’ubucuruzi n’ubufatanye ku isoko ry’Uburusiya. Urubuga: ru.ec21.com 4. TradeWheel Uburusiya - Uru rubuga rw’ubucuruzi ku isi rufite umubare munini w’abacuruzi baturuka mu nganda n’imirima itandukanye biyandikishije kandi ubaha umuyoboro utaziguye wo guhuza no gukora ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi. Urubuga: www.tradewheel.ru 5. Kwohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga Uburusiya - Iri huriro ryateguwe mu rwego rwo gufasha abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga guhuza abakiriya babo no gutanga inama, ibikoresho n'amakuru yo guteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: kohereza- forum.ru Nyamuneka menya ko imbuga zavuzwe haruguru zerekana umubare muto gusa wa B2B izwi, kandi imbuga zimwe zishobora gusaba ubundi gushakisha amakuru yukuri.