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Incamake y'igihugu
Slowakiya, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Silovakiya, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Ihuza imipaka n'ibihugu bitanu - Polonye mu majyaruguru, Ukraine mu burasirazuba, Hongiriya mu majyepfo, Otirishiya mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, na Repubulika ya Ceki mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba. Ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 49.000 (kilometero kare 19,000), Silovakiya ni nto mubunini. Ariko, ifite geografiya zitandukanye hamwe nuturere twimisozi mumajyaruguru yacyo hamwe nubutayu mubibaya byamajyepfo. Imisozi ya Karipatiyani yiganjemo ubuso bwayo kandi itanga ibyiza nyaburanga nyaburanga. Hatuwe n’abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 5.4, Silovakiya ituwe n’amoko atandukanye arimo Abasilovakiya (80%), Abanyangariya (8%), Abanyaroma (2%), n’abandi. Igisilovakiya ni ururimi rwemewe ruvugwa na benshi mu bahatuye; icyakora Hongiriya nayo izwi nkururimi rwemewe kubera umubare munini wabaturage bake. Slowakiya ifite amateka akomeye n'umurage ndangamuco kuva mu binyejana byinshi. Ibihome byinshi byo mu kinyejana cya 5 byerekana uturere nyaburanga byerekana neza uyu murage. Bratislava ikora nk'umurwa mukuru ndetse n'ahantu h'umuco wa Silovakiya aho abashyitsi bashobora gusura ahantu h'amateka nka Castle ya Bratislava cyangwa gutembera mu mihanda myiza yuzuye inyubako zifite amabara. Ubukungu bwa Silovakiya bwagize iterambere rikomeye kuva bwabona ubwigenge bwa Cekosolovakiya mu 1993 nyuma yo gutandukana mu mahoro buzwi ku izina rya Velvet Divorce. Yahindutse mubukungu bushingiye ku isoko hamwe ninganda nkinganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zifite uruhare runini muguteza imbere ubukungu. Abakunda ibidukikije bazabona impamvu nyinshi zo gusura Slowakiya hamwe na parike nyinshi zigihugu zitanga ahantu nyaburanga hamwe nibikorwa byo hanze nko gutembera cyangwa gusiganwa ku maguru mu mezi y'itumba. Pariki ndende ya Tatras izwi cyane cyane kubera imisozi miremire irimo ibiyaga byiza cyane ndetse nimpinga ndende. Mu myaka yashize, ubukerarugendo bwakomeje kwiyongera mu kwamamara mu bashyitsi bishimira gushakisha aho berekeza mu Burayi batanyuze mu nzira. Amateka akungahaye, ibyiza nyaburanga, kwakira abashyitsi, n'imigenzo gakondo y'umuco bituma Slowakiya iba igihugu gishishikaje kuvumbura.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Slowakiya, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Silovakiya, ni igihugu cy'Uburayi bwo hagati gifite ifaranga ryacyo. Ifaranga rikoreshwa muri Silovakiya ryitwa Euro (€). Ku ya 1 Gicurasi 2004, Silovakiya yabaye umunyamuryango w’Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) nyuma iza gufata Euro nk'ifaranga ryayo ku ya 1 Mutarama 2009. Mbere yo kwemeza amayero, Slowakiya yakoresheje ifaranga ry’igihugu ryayo ryitwa Koruna ya Silovakiya. Kwinjiza amayero muri Silovakiya byazanye inyungu nyinshi mubucuruzi bwimbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Yakuyeho ihindagurika ry’ivunjisha hagati y’ibihugu bituranye na Eurozone, byorohereza ubucuruzi n’abaguzi gukora ibicuruzwa ku mipaka. Inoti zikoreshwa muri Silovakiya ziza mu madini atandukanye nka € 5, € 10, € 20, € 50, € 100, € 200 na € 500. Inoti zerekana uburyo butandukanye bwububiko kuva mubihe bitandukanye byamateka yuburayi. Muri ubwo buryo, ibiceri nabyo bikoreshwa mubikorwa bya buri munsi hamwe nagaciro kangana na € 0.01 kugeza € 2. Ibiceri byatanzwe na Silovakiya bifite uruhande rumwe rugaragaza icyerekezo rusange cy’iburayi mu gihe hagaragaramo ibishushanyo mbonera by’igihugu ku rundi ruhande. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko mu gihe Slowakiya yemeye amayero nk'ifaranga ryayo ryemewe; ikomeje kugumana umuco wihariye udasanzwe binyuze mumigenzo n'imvugo. Nkibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bifashisha iki gice cy’amafaranga kizwi cyane; Itanga umutekano no korohereza abatuye mu gihugu ndetse n’abashyitsi b’abanyamahanga kimwe iyo bishora mu bikorwa by’imari muri iki gihugu cyiza giherereye hagati mu Burayi.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe rya Silovakiya ni Euro (EUR). Kubijyanye n’ivunjisha rirwanya amafaranga akomeye, nyamuneka menya ko izo ndangagaciro zishobora guhinduka. Nyamara, hano hari igipimo cyagereranijwe cyo kuvunja guhera muri Gicurasi 2021: 1 EUR = 1.21 USD (Amadorari y'Amerika) 1 EUR = 0.86 GBP (Pound yo mu Bwongereza) 1 EUR = 130.85 JPY (Yapani Yen) 1 EUR = 0,92 CHF (Igifaransa Igifaransa) 1 EUR = 10.38 CNY (Igishinwa Yuan) Nyamuneka uzirikane ko ibi biciro bishobora guhinduka kandi burigihe birasabwa kugenzura hamwe nisoko ryizewe cyangwa ikigo cyimari kumakuru yamakuru agezweho mbere yo guhindura amafaranga cyangwa kugurisha.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Slowakiya, igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, cyizihiza iminsi mikuru itandukanye y'umwaka. Dore bimwe bigaragara: 1. Umunsi w’Itegeko Nshinga rya Silovakiya (1 Nzeri): Uyu munsi uributsa itegeko nshinga rya Silovakiya mu 1992, ryashyizeho Slowakiya nkigihugu cyigenga nyuma y’iseswa rya Cekosolovakiya. 2. Noheri (25 Ukuboza): Kimwe n'ibindi bihugu byinshi ku isi, Abanyasilovaki bizihiza Noheri bafite ishyaka ryinshi. Nigihe cyimiryango yo guhurira hamwe, guhana impano no kwishimira amafunguro adasanzwe nka karp nibiryo gakondo nka supu ya cabage cyangwa salade y ibirayi. 3. Ku wa mbere wa Pasika: Iyi minsi mikuru itangira impeshyi kandi yizihizwa n'imigenzo n'imigenzo myinshi muri Silovakiya. Imigenzo imwe izwi cyane irimo abahungu bakina "gukubita" abakobwa bafite amashami yikigina ashushanyijeho. 4. Umunsi w'abatagatifu bose (1 Ugushyingo): Umunsi wo kubaha no kwibuka ababo bapfuye gusura amarimbi, gucana buji cyangwa gushyira indabyo ku mva zabo. 5. Umunsi w’imyivumbagatanyo y’igihugu cya Silovakiya (29 Kanama): Uyu munsi mukuru rusange wibukije imyigaragambyo yo kwigarurira Ubudage bw’Abanazi mu gihe cy’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose mu 1944. Ni igihe cyo guha icyubahiro abaharanira ubwisanzure n'ubwigenge. 6. Umunsi wa Sts Cyril na Methodius (5 Nyakanga): Bizihijwe mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro abamisiyonari babiri b'Abakristo ba Byzantine bazanye ubukirisitu mu karere mu kinyejana cya cyenda - Cyril na Methodius bafatwa nk'intwari z'igihugu muri Silovakiya. Izi ni ingero nke gusa z'iminsi mikuru ikomeye yizihizwa muri Silovakiya ifite akamaro gakomeye muri societe. Buri gikorwa gifite imigenzo yacyo yihariye yerekana amateka n'amateka imyizerere ishingiye ku idini ihabwa agaciro n'Abasilovakiya muri iki gihe.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Slowakiya ni igihugu gito kidafite inkombe giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Mu myaka yashize, Slowakiya yagaragaye nkubukungu butera imbere hibandwa ku byoherezwa mu mahanga n’ishoramari ritaziguye. Ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi, Slowakiya ifite urwego rukomeye rwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bigira uruhare runini muri GDP. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byo hejuru birimo ibinyabiziga, imashini n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, plastiki, ibyuma, n'ibicuruzwa bya farumasi. Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga ni ingenzi cyane kandi zerekana igice kinini cy’ibyoherezwa muri Silovakiya. Abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu bucuruzi bwa Silovakiya ni ibindi bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi nk’Ubudage, Repubulika ya Ceki, Polonye, ​​Hongiriya, Ubutaliyani, na Otirishiya. Ibi bihugu ni byo byerekezo byoherezwa mu mahanga byo muri Silovakiya n’isoko ry’ibitumizwa mu mahanga. Igihugu kandi cyatsindiye gukurura ishoramari ritaziguye (FDI). Ibigo byinshi by’amahanga byashyizeho ibikoresho by’umusaruro muri Silovakiya kubera ubucuruzi bwiza ndetse n’abakozi bafite ubumenyi. Ibigo by’amahanga ahanini bishora imari mu nganda z’imodoka ariko no mu zindi nzego zitandukanye nka serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho no gukora ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi. Guverinoma ya Silovakiya iteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’amahanga binyuze mu ngamba zinyuranye nko gushimangira imisoro na gahunda zifasha mu bucuruzi bushaka kwagura ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze cyangwa kwinjiza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu. Byongeye kandi, kuba umunyamuryango mu mashyirahamwe mpuzamahanga nk’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi (WTO) bituma Slowakiya yungukirwa n’inzitizi z’ubucuruzi zagabanutse ku masoko menshi ku isi. Nubwo hari iterambere ryiza mubipimo byubucuruzi mumyaka yashize; icyakora, "mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka politiki yo guhagarika Ubufaransa yakoreshejwe n’Ubufaransa mu kurwanya imashini zinjira mu mahanga zinjira hanze y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi zishobora kugira ingaruka ku modoka zakozwe na Silovakiya - zishingiye cyane kuri mikorobe zitumizwa mu mahanga - bityo bikabangamira iterambere ry’igihe gito kugeza igihe ibisubizo byuzuye bizashyirwa mu bikorwa." Muri rusange; Nubwo hari ibibazo byugarije inganda zimwe na zimwe bitewe n’ibibazo bikomeje kugaragara ku isi nk’ikibazo cy’icyorezo cya COVID19 cyangwa imbogamizi z’itangwa rya semiconductor imbogamizi zitangwa muri rusange icyerekezo cy’ubucuruzi bwa Silovakiya gikomeje kuba cyiza bitewe n’ibintu byavuzwe haruguru bituma hashyirwaho ingamba zinyuranye mu bikorwa by’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu nyinshi.
Iterambere ryisoko
Slowakiya, iherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, yagize iterambere rikomeye mu bukungu mu myaka yashize kandi yagaragaye nk'ahantu heza h’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga n’ishoramari. Ahantu h’ubukungu bw'igihugu, ibikorwa remezo byateye imbere neza, abakozi bafite ubumenyi, hamwe n’ubucuruzi buhatanira isoko bituma iba isoko ishimishije ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi byagize uruhare muri Silovakiya mu iterambere ry’isoko ry’ubucuruzi n’amahanga ni ukwinjira mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) na Euro. Ibi bitanga ubucuruzi bwa Silovakiya kubona isoko rinini ryabaguzi ryabantu barenga miliyoni 500. Byongeye kandi, Slowakiya yishimiye amasezerano y’ubucuruzi atari mu bindi bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ahubwo anagirana n’ibihugu byinshi ku isi. Slowakiya ifite ubukungu butandukanye butanga amahirwe mu nzego zitandukanye ku bucuruzi bw’amahanga. Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zirakomeye cyane muri Silovakiya, hamwe n’abakora imodoka zikomeye nka Volkswagen, Kia Motors, na PSA Group bafite ibikoresho byo kubyaza umusaruro. Uru rwego rutanga amahirwe menshi kubatanga ibice byimodoka na serivisi zijyanye nabyo. Usibye ibinyabiziga, Slowakiya inaba indashyikirwa mu gukora imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho nka mudasobwa, ibikoresho by'itumanaho, ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, n'ibindi. Izi nganda zagiye zigira iterambere rihamye bitewe n'ubwiyongere bukenewe haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, Slowakiya ifite umutungo kamere nkububiko bwa peteroli ya shale cyangwa amashyamba bitanga amahirwe kumasosiyete agira uruhare mu gukora ingufu cyangwa gutunganya ibiti. Guverinoma ishishikarizwa gushora imari mu mahanga itanga uburyo butandukanye nko gusonerwa imisoro cyangwa inkunga zigamije kuzamura ubucuruzi. Byongeye kandi, politiki ihamye y’igihugu mu rwego rwa politiki ituma abantu bamenyekana ku bijyanye n’amabwiriza agenga ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Icyakora, kwizeza isoko rya Silovakiya birashobora kuba kubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bushaka kwaguka mu Burayi bwo hagati cyangwa kugera ku masoko y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi; ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi bunoze ku mabwiriza ya gasutamo no guhuza ingamba zo kwamamaza ukurikije mbere yo kwinjira ku isoko. Mu gusoza, hashingiwe ku kuba umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ihungabana ry’ubukungu, n’inganda zitera imbere, Slowakiya itanga amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Silovakiya, hari ibintu byinshi bigomba kwitabwaho. Mbere na mbere, ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi bunoze ku isoko kugirango tumenye ibyifuzo by’abakiriya ba Silovakiya. Ibi birashobora gukorwa binyuze mubushakashatsi, kubaza, no gusesengura amakuru yo kugurisha kubicuruzwa bisa bimaze kuboneka ku isoko. Mu myaka yashize, muri Silovakiya hagaragaye ibicuruzwa byangiza ibidukikije kandi birambye. Kubwibyo, guhitamo ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije byaba ari amahitamo meza. Ibi bishobora kubamo ibiryo kama, ibikoresho byongeye gukoreshwa cyangwa ibinyabuzima bishobora kubipakira, cyangwa ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bikoresha ingufu. Byongeye kandi, urebye inganda zikomeye z’imodoka za Silovakiya hamwe n’abakozi bafite ubumenyi buhanitse mu bijyanye n’ubwubatsi, hashobora kubaho amahirwe yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga cyangwa imashini zunganira uru rwego. Slowakiya izwi kandi ku mutungo kamere nk'ibiti n'amabuye y'agaciro. Kubwibyo, ibicuruzwa bijyanye ninganda nkibikoresho byo mu giti cyangwa amavuta yo kwisiga ashingiye ku mabuye y'agaciro bishobora kugira amahirwe meza ku isoko rya Silovakiya. Byongeye kandi, urebye inyungu ziyongera kubuzima nubuzima bwiza mubaguzi kwisi yose harimo na Silovakiya; vitamine ninyongera kimwe nibikoresho bya fitness bishobora kwamamara. Icya nyuma ariko icy'ingenzi, ingamba zo kugena ibiciro nazo zigomba gutekerezwa muguhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa. Gukora isesengura ryabanywanyi bizafasha kumenya ibiciro byapiganwa mumasoko ya Silovakiya mugihe bizana inyungu. Mu gusoza, gukora ubushakashatsi bwuzuye ku isoko hamwe no gusesengura ibyifuzo by’abaguzi bizafasha abashoramari guhitamo ibicuruzwa bizwi cyane byoherezwa muri Silovakiya.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Slowakiya, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Silovakiya, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Hamwe n'umurage gakondo ndangamuco hamwe nubutaka nyaburanga butangaje, Slowakiya yabaye ahantu nyaburanga ba mukerarugendo mu myaka yashize. Ibiranga abakiriya: 1. Ikinyabupfura: Abanya-Silovakiya muri rusange bafite ikinyabupfura kandi bafite imico myiza. Bashimye indamutso ya gicuti n'imikoranire myiza. 2. Kwubahiriza igihe: Abanya-Silovakiya baha agaciro igihe kandi bagategereza ko abandi bazagera ku nama cyangwa gahunda. 3. Ibiteganijwe kuri serivisi zabakiriya: Abakiriya muri Silovakiya biteze serivisi nziza zabakiriya zirimo ubufasha bwihuse, abakozi babizi, no gukemura neza ibibazo. 4. Umwanya bwite: Kimwe nabandi Banyaburayi, Abanyasilovaki bubaha umwanya wihariye mugihe cyo gukorana nabatazi cyangwa abo tuziranye. Kirazira: 1. Kurebera Abatazi: Bifatwa nk'ubupfura kwitegereza abo mutazi cyangwa kwishora mumaso igihe kirekire nta mpamvu. 2. Guhagarika ibiganiro: Guhagarika umuntu mugihe uvuga bifatwa nkikinyabupfura mumico ya Silovakiya; ni ngombwa gutegereza igihe cyawe cyo kuvuga cyangwa kuzamura ukuboko mu kinyabupfura nibiba ngombwa. 3. Kwerekana ibirenge: Kwereka umuntu cyangwa ikintu ukoresheje ibirenge byawe bifatwa nkimyitwarire yubupfura kuko ifatwa nkicyubahiro. 4. Umuco wo gutanga inama: Mugihe gutanga inama bishimwa muri resitora, cafe, amahoteri, nibindi, ntibisanzwe gusiga inama zikabije kuko amafaranga ya serivisi akunze gushyirwa mubikorwa. Twabibutsa ko imigenzo n'imigenzo bishobora gutandukana mu turere dutandukanye twa Silovakiya kubera imico itandukanye ituruka mu bihugu duturanye nka Otirishiya, Hongiriya, Ukraine, Repubulika ya Ceki n'ibindi. Muri rusange, kubahiriza imigenzo yaho no gukurikiza ikinyabupfura shingiro bizafasha kwemeza imikoranire myiza nabakiriya muri Silovakiya mugihe usuye iki gihugu cyiza!
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Slowakiya ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Kubera ko idafite uburyo bworoshye bwo kugera ku nyanja, ntabwo ifite amabwiriza yihariye ya gasutamo yerekeye ubucuruzi bwo mu nyanja. Icyakora, igihugu gifite ibibuga by’ubutaka n’ibibuga by’indege bigenzura neza urujya n'uruza rw'abantu n'ibicuruzwa byinjira cyangwa biva muri Silovakiya. Slowakiya ni umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) kandi ikurikiza amabwiriza ya gasutamo yashyizweho n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Ibi bivuze ko abantu baturuka hanze y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bagomba gutangaza ibicuruzwa byose batwaye birenze imipaka, nk'inzoga, ibicuruzwa by'itabi, cyangwa ibikoresho by'amafaranga. Iyo ugiye muri Silovakiya mu kirere cyangwa ku butaka, abagenzi bagomba kumenya ingingo zimwe na zimwe z'ingenzi kugira ngo gasutamo igende neza: 1. Abagenzi basabwa kwerekana ibyangombwa byemewe nka pasiporo cyangwa indangamuntu kuri bariyeri. 2. Ibicuruzwa birenze imipaka itishyurwa bigomba gutangazwa ugeze muri Silovakiya. 3. Ibintu bimwe na bimwe birashobora kubuzwa cyangwa kubuzwa kwinjizwa muri Silovakiya nkibiyobyabwenge, intwaro, ibicuruzwa byiganano, nubwoko bw’ibimera n’inyamaswa birinzwe. 4. Amategeko yo kuvunja abaho kumafaranga menshi yazanwe cyangwa yakuwe muri Silovakiya. Nibyiza kugenzura n'abayobozi ba Silovakiya kubisabwa byihariye. 5. Niba uteganya kuzana amatungo muri Silovakiya, menya neza ko wujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa byo gukingirwa hamwe na protocole. Ni ngombwa ko abagenzi basura Silovakiya bamenyera aya mabwiriza mbere y'urugendo rwabo kugirango birinde gutinda cyangwa ibihano mugihe cyo kugenzura gasutamo. Muri rusange, mu gihe imicungire ya gasutamo ya Silovakiya yibanda cyane cyane ku kugenzura imipaka y’ubutaka aho kuba ubucuruzi bw’inyanja bitewe n’akarere kayo; abashyitsi baracyakeneye kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi iyo binjiye muri iki gihugu cyiza cyo mu Burayi bwo hagati
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Slowakiya ifite uburyo rusange bwisanzuye kubyerekeye imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga na politiki y’ubucuruzi. Iki gihugu ni umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), bivuze ko cyubahiriza ubumwe rusange bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Mu rwego rw’ubumwe bwa gasutamo, Silovakiya ikoresha amahoro rusange y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (CCT) ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bitari mu bihugu by’Uburayi. Iki giciro gishingiye kuri code ya Harmonized Sisitemu (HS) kandi gitanga umusoro usanzwe kuri buri cyiciro cyibicuruzwa. Icyakora, birakwiye ko tumenya ko Slowakiya, kimwe n’ibindi bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ishobora kugira imisoro cyangwa amabwiriza y’igihugu yashyizweho ku bicuruzwa byihariye kubera impamvu zitandukanye nk’ubuzima rusange cyangwa kurengera ibidukikije. Slowakiya kandi yungukira mu masezerano menshi y’ubucuruzi ku buntu (FTAs) yashyizweho umukono hagati y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’ibindi bihugu. Izi FTA zigamije kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho ibiciro ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bigurishwa hagati ya Silovakiya n'abafatanyabikorwa bayo. Bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya FTA bigira ingaruka kubitumizwa muri Silovakiya harimo ibyo mu Busuwisi, Noruveje, Isilande, Koreya yepfo, Kanada, Ubuyapani ndetse n’ibihugu byinshi byo mu Burayi bwo hagati. Byongeye kandi, Slowakiya ikoresha umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga ku gipimo gisanzwe cya 20%. Ibicuruzwa bimwe byingenzi bishobora kungukirwa nigabanuka rya TVA kuva kuri 10% kugeza 0%. Muri rusange, mu gihe Slowakiya yubahiriza politiki rusange ya gasutamo yashyizweho n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bitari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi hamwe n’andi mabwiriza y’inyongera y’igihugu mu nzego zihariye bikenewe.
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Slowakiya ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Nkumunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ikurikiza politiki y’ibihugu by’Uburayi kuri gasutamo y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Muri iyi politiki, Silovakiya ishyiraho imisoro ku bicuruzwa bimwe byoherezwa mu mahanga hashingiwe ku bicuruzwa byabo n'agaciro. Igipimo cy’ibiciro kiratandukanye bitewe n’ibicuruzwa byihariye kandi bigenewe kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu mu gihe ziteza imbere ubucuruzi bunoze. Muri rusange, ibyoherezwa muri Silovakiya bitangirwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) n'amahoro ku musoro. Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro ni umusoro ku byaguzwe ushyirwa ku bicuruzwa na serivisi byinshi bigurishwa ku isoko ry’Uburayi. Kubicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze, abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze barashobora gusaba gahunda yo gusubizwa TVA kugirango birinde gusoreshwa kabiri. Umusoro ku musoro ni imisoro yihariye itangwa ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe nk'inzoga, itabi, ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu, n'ibinyabiziga. Iyi mirimo igamije kugenzura imyitwarire y’ibikoreshwa no kurengera ubuzima bw’abaturage mu guca intege cyane ibicuruzwa byangiza. Igipimo nyacyo cy’imisoro kuri buri cyiciro cyibicuruzwa gishobora guhinduka buri gihe kubera ivugururwa ry’amategeko y’igihugu cyangwa y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi yerekeye politiki y’ubucuruzi cyangwa ibihe by’ubukungu. Usibye imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga, Slowakiya yungukira kandi mu masezerano mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi ateza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Aya masezerano akenshi akubiyemo kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho imisoro hagati y’ibihugu byitabiriye, kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Ni ngombwa ko abashoramari bakora ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Silovakiya bumva neza amategeko agenga imisoro akoreshwa kandi bagakomeza kumenyeshwa impinduka zose zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bikorwa byabo. Gushakira ubufasha kubanyamwuga kabuhariwe muri gasutamo cyangwa imisoro birashobora gutanga ubuyobozi bwingirakamaro mugihe bagendeye kuri politiki neza mugihe inyungu nyinshi binyuze mugutegura ingamba.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Icyemezo cyo kohereza mu mahanga bivuga inzira yo kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bikorerwa mu gihugu byujuje ubuziranenge n'amabwiriza yashyizweho n'imiryango mpuzamahanga n'ibihugu bitumiza mu mahanga. Slowakiya, kubera ko ari umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ikurikiza uburyo bukomeye bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kugira ngo hubahirizwe ubuziranenge n’umutekano. Ubuyobozi bwibanze bushinzwe ibyemezo byo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Silovakiya nubuyobozi bwa leta bwamatungo n’ibiribwa (SVPS). SVPS ishinzwe kugenzura no kugenzura umutekano w’ibiribwa n’ubuzima bw’inyamaswa muri Silovakiya. Ikora ubugenzuzi, ubugenzuzi, na laboratoire kugirango hemezwe ko ibiribwa byoherejwe muri Silovakiya byujuje ubuziranenge busabwa. Usibye SVPS, izindi nzego zishobora no kubigiramo uruhare bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Kurugero, niba wifuza kohereza ibikoresho byubuvuzi cyangwa ibikomoka ku miti biva muri Silovakiya, bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yashyizweho n’ikigo cya Silovakiya gishinzwe ubuziranenge (SOS) cyangwa inzego zibishinzwe. Kugirango babone ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Silovakiya, abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba gutanga ibyangombwa byemeza ko byubahiriza amabwiriza yihariye. Ibi birashobora kubamo ibyemezo byisesengura bivuye muri laboratoire zemewe zerekana ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, imenyekanisha ryujuje ubuziranenge ryatanzwe n’abakora ibicuruzwa byerekana ko ryubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho, amakuru yerekana ibimenyetso neza nkurutonde rwibigize cyangwa imburi za allerge. Ni ngombwa ko abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Silovakiya bakomeza kugezwaho impinduka n’amabwiriza mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi kimwe n’ibisabwa byihariye byashyizweho n’ibihugu bigana. Barashobora gusaba infashanyo mubigo nka Enterprises Europe Network cyangwa kuvugana na ambasade yabo cyangwa konsuline kugirango babone ubundi buyobozi bwo kubona ibyemezo byoherezwa mumasoko atandukanye. Mu gusoza, kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Silovakiya bisaba kubahiriza amabwiriza atandukanye yashyizweho n’inzego z’igihugu nka SVPS kimwe n’imiryango mpuzamahanga bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bakeneye kwemeza neza ibyangombwa no kubahiriza ubuziranenge mubikorwa byose. (Amagambo 318)
Basabwe ibikoresho
Slowakiya, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Silovakiya, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Igabana imipaka na Polonye, ​​Ukraine, Hongiriya, Otirishiya, na Repubulika ya Ceki. Nk’ubukungu bugenda buzamuka hamwe n’urusobe rw’ubwikorezi rwateye imbere, Slowakiya itanga ibyifuzo byinshi by’ibikoresho ku bucuruzi bashaka gushinga isoko cyangwa kwagura ibikorwa byabo mu gihugu. 1. Ibikorwa Remezo byo gutwara abantu: Silovakiya ifite ibikorwa remezo bigezweho kandi binini bigizwe n’imihanda minini, gari ya moshi, ibibuga by’indege, n’amazi yo mu gihugu imbere. Umuhanda wumuhanda utanga umurongo mwiza mugihugu ndetse no mubihugu duturanye. Umuhanda D1 ni umuhanda munini uhuza Bratislava (umurwa mukuru) n'indi mijyi minini nka Žilina na Košice. 2. Serivise zitwara abagenzi muri gari ya moshi: Sisitemu ya gari ya moshi ya Silovakiya igira uruhare runini mu gutwara ibicuruzwa kandi itanga amasano yerekeza mu bihugu bitandukanye by’Uburayi. Ibigo bya Leta ZSSK Cargo nicyo kigo cyambere gitwara ibicuruzwa muri gari ya moshi muri Silovakiya gitanga serivisi zizewe zo gutwara ibicuruzwa mu Burayi. Serivisi zitwara imizigo yo mu kirere: Kubijyanye no kohereza igihe cyangwa ibikenerwa mpuzamahanga bikenewe, ibibuga byindege byinshi ni amarembo yingenzi yo gutwara imizigo yo muri Silovakiya. Ikibuga cy’indege cya M.R. Štefánik giherereye hafi ya Bratislava gitanga ibikoresho byiza by’imizigo hamwe no kugera ku miyoboro y’indege ku isi. 4 Amahitamo y’amazi yo mu nyanja n’imbere: Nubwo adafunze ku butaka atagera ku byambu, Silovakiya irashobora gukoresha ibyambu byegeranye nka Gdansk (Polonye), Koper (Sloveniya), cyangwa Hamburg (Ubudage) kugira ngo byoherezwe mu nyanja binyuze muri gari ya moshi cyangwa umuhanda uhuza. 5 Ubwikorezi bwa Intermodal: Ibisubizo byubwikorezi bwa intermodal bihuza uburyo bwinshi bwo gutwara abantu bigenda byamamara muri Silovakiya kubera imikorere yabyo nibidukikije. Imiyoboro ihuriweho nka Dobrá Container Terminal itanga imikoranire idahwitse hagati ya gari ya moshi n'imihanda minini yo kohereza ibicuruzwa neza muburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara abantu. Ibikoresho byububiko 6: Ibikoresho byinshi byububiko biraboneka muri Silovakiya byita kubikenerwa bitandukanye nko kugenzura ubushyuhe, kubika ibintu bishobora guteza akaga, hamwe na serivisi zuzuye z’ibikoresho. Ihuriro rikuru ry’ibikoresho birimo Bratislava, Žilina, Košice, na Trnava. Amasosiyete 7 y’ibikoresho: Slowakiya yakiriye amasosiyete menshi y’ibikoresho atanga serivisi zitandukanye zo gucunga amasoko. Izi sosiyete zitanga ubuhanga mubijyanye no gukuraho gasutamo, ibisubizo byububiko, imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza, hamwe na serivisi ya 3PL / 4PL. Mu gusoza, Slowakiya iherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati hamwe n’ibikorwa remezo bifitanye isano n’ubwikorezi bituma ihitamo neza ku bucuruzi bashaka ibisubizo by’ibikoresho. Kuva mu mihanda na gari ya moshi kugeza ku mizigo yo mu kirere no guhitamo uburyo bwo gutwara abantu, igihugu gitanga serivisi zinyuranye z’ibikoresho kugira ngo inganda zinyuranye zikenerwa.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Slowakiya, igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, gitanga inzira zitandukanye z’amasoko mpuzamahanga ndetse n’ubucuruzi bwerekana ubucuruzi. Izi nzira zigira uruhare runini mugutezimbere ubucuruzi bwububanyi n’amahanga no gukurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga. Dore zimwe mu nzira zikomeye zitanga amasoko n’ubucuruzi muri Slowakiya: 1. Ikibuga mpuzamahanga cya Bratislava: Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Bratislava ni irembo rikuru ry'indege ryerekeza muri Silovakiya, rihuza n'imijyi minini y'Uburayi. Iki kibuga cyindege ni umuyoboro wingenzi kubaguzi b’abanyamahanga bashaka gusura Slowakiya mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi cyangwa kwitabira imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga. Icyambu cya Bratislava: Mu gihe Silovakiya ari igihugu kidafite inkombe, gifite ibyambu bitandukanye by’umugezi ku ruzi rwa Danube, icyambu cya Bratislava kikaba kimwe muri byo. Iki cyambu ni ihuriro rikomeye ryo gutwara ibicuruzwa byinjira cyangwa biva muri Silovakiya n'inzira z'amazi. 3. Ibisobanuro bya Slovaktual: Slovaktual Informatics ni urubuga rwa interineti rutanga amakuru kubashobora kuba abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi n'amasoko muri Silovakiya. Itanga ubushishozi bwingirakamaro mubikorwa bitandukanye kandi ifasha guhuza abaguzi mpuzamahanga nabatanga isoko neza. 4. GAJA - Imurikagurisha ryo guhuza Slowakiya: GAJA ni imurikagurisha rizwi cyane ryo guhuza imikino yo muri Silovakiya ritegurwa buri mwaka n’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zishinzwe imashini (ZSD), ryibanda ku korohereza ubufatanye mu bucuruzi hagati y’amasosiyete ya Silovakiya n’abaguzi b’amahanga. Iri murikagurisha ryerekana amahirwe mu nzego zitandukanye nk'imashini, ibinyabiziga, ingufu, ikoranabuhanga mu gukora, n'ibindi. 5. Kongere mpuzamahanga ya ITAPA: ITAPA ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi by’Uburayi bwo hagati byibanze ku ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho no guhindura imibare bikorwa buri mwaka i Bratislava kuva mu 2002. Iyi kongere ihuza impuguke z’ubuyobozi bwa Leta, amasosiyete y’abikorera ku giti cyabo, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, amashuri makuru kugira ngo baganire kuri politiki yo guhanga udushya no gushakisha ubufatanye bushoboka. 6. DANUBIUS GASTRO & INTERHOTEL Imurikagurisha: Imurikagurisha ry’ubucuruzi rya DANUBIUS GASTRO & INTERHOTEL ribera i Nitra, muri Silovakiya, kandi ryerekana inzira zigezweho mu nganda zo kwakira abashyitsi. Ibi birori bitanga urubuga kubaguzi mpuzamahanga guhuza nabatanga ibikoresho bya hoteri, ikoranabuhanga, ibicuruzwa byibiribwa, nibindi bikorwa bijyanye. 7. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga: Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubuhanga (MSV) ryabereye muri Nitra ni kimwe mu bikorwa by’ubuhanga cyane muri Slowakiya gusa no mu Burayi bwo hagati. Ikurura abatanga n'abaguzi bo mubice bitandukanye byubwubatsi, harimo gukora imashini, sisitemu zo gukoresha, tekinoroji y'ibikoresho, nibindi. 8. Imurikagurisha rya Agrokomplex: Agrokomplex ni imurikagurisha ry’ubuhinzi riba buri mwaka muri Nitra kandi rikaba nk'inama y’abahinzi, abafatanyabikorwa b’amasosiyete y’ubuhinzi baturutse mu Burayi. Itanga amahirwe yo gutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga mugaragaza imashini nibikoresho byubuhinzi bigezweho. Izi ni ingero nkeya gusa zingenzi zingenzi zamasoko mpuzamahanga namasoko yubucuruzi aboneka muri Silovakiya. Izi porogaramu zitanga amahirwe meza yo guhuza ibikorwa kugirango ubucuruzi bushyire hamwe nabatanga ibicuruzwa bya Silovakiya cyangwa kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa / serivisi kubaguzi bashobora gusura igihugu.
Muri Silovakiya, moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa cyane ni: 1. Google: Moteri ishakisha yiganje kwisi yose, Google nayo ikoreshwa cyane muri Silovakiya. Urubuga rwarwo ni www.google.sk. 2. Zoznam: Zoznam ni moteri ishakisha ururimi rwa Silovakiya itanga amakuru yaho hamwe namakuru hamwe nubushobozi bwo gushakisha. Urubuga rwarwo ni https://zoznam.sk/. 3. Seznam: Nubwo Seznam ari moteri ishakisha muri Tchèque, ifite kandi abakoresha benshi muri Silovakiya kubera ko yegeranye kandi ihuza imvugo mu bihugu byombi. Urubuga rwarwo ni https://www.seznam.cz/. 4. Centrum: Ishakisha rya Centrum nubundi moteri izwi cyane yo mu rurimi rwa Silovakiya itanga moteri itanga ibintu bitandukanye nkamakuru, serivisi za imeri, nibindi usibye gushakisha kuri interineti. Urubuga rwarwo ni http://search.centrum.sk/. 5. Azet: Moteri ishakisha Azet ihuza ibisubizo byurubuga biva ahantu henshi kugirango itange urutonde runini rwurubuga rwashakishijwe mu rurimi rwa Silovakiya cyane ariko rutanga ibisubizo no mu zindi ndimi. Urashobora kubisanga kuri www.atlas.sk. 6. Bing: Bing, moteri ishakisha ya Microsoft, imaze kumenyekana mumyaka yashize kandi irashobora kuboneka kuri www.bing.com. Izi ni zimwe muri moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa nabantu baba cyangwa batuye muri Silovakiya; icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko abantu bashobora kugira ibyo bakunda kubwimpamvu zitandukanye nko kumenya neza ibisubizo cyangwa koroshya imikoreshereze mugihe bakora ubushakashatsi kumurongo.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Slowakiya ni igihugu cyiza giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Azwiho amateka akomeye, ibyiza nyaburanga, n'umuco utangaje, itanga amahirwe menshi kubucuruzi n'ubukerarugendo. Niba ushaka impapuro z'umuhondo nyamukuru za Silovakiya, dore zimwe zikomeye: 1. Zlatestranky.sk: Ubu ni verisiyo yemewe kumurongo wa Slowakiya ikunzwe cyane. Itanga urutonde rwuzuye rwubucuruzi butandukanye mubice bitandukanye nkubuvuzi, uburezi, kwakira abashyitsi, ubwikorezi, nibindi. Urashobora kubisanga kurubuga rwabo kuri https://www.zlatestranky.sk/en/. 2. Umuhondo.sk: Ubundi bukoreshwa kumurongo wa interineti muri Silovakiya ni Umuhondo.sk. Itanga amakuru menshi yerekana ibigo biva mu nganda zitandukanye mu gihugu. Urubuga rwabo rushobora kuboneka kuri https://www.yellowpages.sk/en. 3. Iburayi: Europage ni urubuga mpuzamahanga rwubucuruzi-rwubucuruzi (B2B) rurimo umubare munini wamasosiyete yo muri Silovakiya kurutonde rwayo. Urashobora gushakisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibyiciro bya serivisi byihariye ndetse ugahuza nabafatanyabikorwa mubucuruzi baturutse muri Silovakiya ukoresheje urubuga rwabo kuri https://www.europages.co.uk/. 4.Tovarenskaknizka.com: Uru rubuga ruzobereye mu gutanga amakuru ajyanye n’abakora inganda n’abatanga isoko muri Slowakiya. Igamije koroshya umubano hagati yubucuruzi bwimbere mu gihugu n’amahanga bushakisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi bijyanye n’ibikorwa byo gukora mu mbibi z’igihugu. 5.Biznis.kesek.sk: Biznis. Ipaji yumuhondo igomba kugufasha kubona amakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi bukorera mumirenge itandukanye muri Silovakiya.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Slowakiya, kubera ko ari igihugu cyo mu Burayi bwo hagati, gifite imiyoboro myinshi ya e-ubucuruzi izwi ku buryo abaturage bayo bakeneye. Bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi muri Slowakiya ni: 1. Alza - Alza nimwe murubuga runini kandi ruzwi cyane kuri e-ubucuruzi muri Slowakiya. Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byo murugo, imyambaro, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga rwabo ni: https://www.alza.sk/ 2. Mall.sk - Mall. Urubuga rushobora kuboneka kuri: https://www.mall.sk/ 3. Hej.sk - Hej.sk ni isoko ryo kumurongo ryibanda cyane cyane kugurisha ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe bya Silovakiya birimo ubukorikori gakondo, ibiryo nka vino na foromaje, imitako yakozwe n'intoki nibindi bikoresho. Urubuga rwabo ni: https://hej.sk/ 4. Electro Isi - Electro World izobereye muri elegitoronike nka terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, kamera, televiziyo n'ibindi bikoresho ku giciro cyo gupiganwa. Urashobora kubona amaturo yabo kurubuga rwabo: https://www.electroworld.cz/sk 5 .Datart - Datart itanga ibikoresho byinshi bya elegitoronike hamwe nibikoresho byo murugo nka firigo cyangwa imashini imesa ku giciro cyiza haba kumurongo ndetse no mububiko bwabo bwumubiri hirya no hino muri Silovakiya.Ushobora gushakisha ibyo bahisemo hano: https: //www.datart.sk / 6. ? aec = sv. Nyamuneka menya ko izi ari zimwe mu ngero zerekana imiyoboro ya e-ubucuruzi ikorera mu gihugu cya Silovakiya; hashobora kubaho izindi mbuga zaho cyangwa niche yihariye ikorera inganda zihariye cyangwa ibyiciro byibicuruzwa kimwe

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Slowakiya ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati kizwiho umurage gakondo n'umuco mwiza. Iyo bigeze ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, kimwe n'ibindi bihugu byinshi, Slowakiya nayo ifite ibyamamare byinshi bikoreshwa cyane n'abenegihugu. Dore ingero nke hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): Facebook ni urubuga ruhuza abantu benshi ku isi, harimo na Slowakiya. Iyemerera abakoresha gukora imyirondoro, guhuza inshuti nimiryango, gusangira amafoto na videwo, guhuza amatsinda yinyungu rusange, nibindi byinshi. 2. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Instagram ni urubuga rwo gufotora no gusangira amashusho rumaze kumenyekana cyane kwisi yose ndetse no muri Slowakiya. Abakoresha barashobora kohereza amashusho cyangwa videwo ngufi, bagashungura muyungurura cyangwa ingaruka kugirango bazamure, bongereho ibisobanuro cyangwa hashtags, kandi bahuze nabayoboke binyuze kuri like, ibitekerezo, nibindi. 3. Twitter (www.twitter.com): Twitter irazwi cyane kubera imiterere ya microblogging aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza ubutumwa bugufi bwitwa "tweet." Nubwo igarukira ku nyuguti 280 kuri tweet ubanza (ubu yaguwe), nigikoresho cyiza cyo gukomeza kugezwaho amakuru yamakuru cyangwa gukurikiza ibitekerezo byabaturage. 4. LinkedIn (www. Umuntu ku giti cye akoresha iyi platform kugirango yerekane uburambe bwumwuga, ahuze nabakozi bakorana cyangwa abakoresha / abakozi mugihe banunguka ubumenyi bwinganda. 5. Snapchat (www.snapchat.com): Snapchat yibanda ku gusangira amafoto cyangwa amashusho yigihe gito mubakoresha bazwi nka "Snaps." Ihuriro ririmo gushungura gushungura / ingaruka zo kuzamura amashusho / amashusho yafashwe mbere gato yuko azimira nyuma yo kurebwa rimwe nuwakiriye. 6 TikTok (www. Izi mbuga nkoranyambaga zitanga inzira zitandukanye kubantu bo muri Silovakiya guhuza, gusangira amakuru, no kwigaragaza kwisi. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko urutonde rutuzuye kandi hashobora kuba hari andi mahuriro menshi ahari.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Slowakiya, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Silovakiya, ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Ifite ubukungu butandukanye hamwe ninganda zitandukanye zigira uruhare mukuzamuka kwiterambere. Amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Silovakiya arimo: 1. Ishyirahamwe ry’abashoramari bo muri Silovakiya (SAIA) - SAIA ishyigikira kandi igateza imbere inganda z’imodoka muri Silovakiya zitegura ibirori, zitanga gahunda zamahugurwa, kandi zihagarariye inyungu zaba injeniyeri. Andi makuru murayasanga kurubuga rwabo: https://www.saia.sk/en/ 2. Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi (ZEP SR) - ZEP SR ihagarariye inyungu z’amasosiyete akora ibijyanye n’amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, n’amashami ajyanye nayo muri Silovakiya. Barategura imurikagurisha, batanga amahirwe yo guhuza kandi bakitabira ibiganiro bijyanye nuru rwego. Urubuga rwabo ni: http://www.zepsr.sk/en 3. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Silovakiya (SOPK) - SOPK ni umuryango wigenga ushyigikira kwihangira imirimo muri Silovakiya utanga serivisi nko kugisha inama, gahunda zamahugurwa, inama z’amategeko no gutegura ibirori byo guhuza ibikorwa. Urashobora kubona amakuru menshi kurubuga rwabo: https://www.sopk.sk/?lang=en 4. Ihuriro ry’abashoramari bubaka (ZSPS) - ZSPS ihagarariye ba rwiyemezamirimo bubaka muri Silovakiya baharanira inyungu zabo ku rwego rw’igihugu no guteza imbere imikorere myiza mu nganda. Urubuga rwabo rutanga ibisobanuro birambuye kubikorwa byabo: https://zspd-union.eu/ 5.Ishyirahamwe ry’amakoperative y’ubuhinzi muri Silovakiya (SKCHP) - SKCHP ihagarariye amakoperative y’ubuhinzi mu nzego zinyuranye zirimo ubuhinzi, ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa cyangwa abatanga serivisi.Bagamije kurengera uburenganzira bw’abanyamuryango biteza imbere iterambere ry’ubuhinzi burambye. Shakisha byinshi kuri bo babinyujije ku rubuga rwabo: http: //skchp.eurocoopscoop.org/index.php/sk/. Izi ni ingero nke gusa z'amashyirahamwe akomeye y'inganda muri Silovakiya; hari andi mashyirahamwe menshi ahagarariye inzego zitandukanye kuva mubukerarugendo kugeza ku ikoranabuhanga. Nyamuneka menya ko imbuga zishobora guhinduka mugihe rero burigihe nigitekerezo cyiza cyo kugenzura amakuru yatanzwe.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Slowakiya ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Nkumunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi na Eurozone, Slowakiya ifite ubukungu bwateye imbere kandi itanga amahirwe menshi mu bucuruzi n’ishoramari. Hano hari zimwe mu mbuga za interineti zizwi cyane mu bukungu n’ubucuruzi zijyanye na Silovakiya: 1. Minisiteri yubukungu ya Repubulika ya Silovakiya (Ministerstvo Hospitalodárstva Slovenskej republiky) Urubuga: https://www.ubukungu.gov.sk/ 2. Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari n’ubucuruzi muri Silovakiya (Slovenská agentúra pre rozvoj investícií a obchodu) Urubuga: https://www.sario.sk/ 3. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Silovakiya (Slovenská obchodná a priemyselná komora) Urubuga: https://www.sopk.sk/en/ 4. Kohereza hanze.Gov Urubuga: https://www.export.gov/wakirwa 5. BusinessInfo.SK - Urubuga rwubucuruzi rwigihugu Urubuga: http://www.businessinfo.sk/en/ 6. Shora muri Silovakiya - Umuhanda ujya i Burayi Urubuga: http://investslovakia.org/ 7. Ubuyobozi bw’imari muri Repubulika ya Silovakiya (Daňové riaditeľstvo Slovenskej republiky) Urubuga: https://financnasprava.sk/en/urugo 8. Igitabo cyubucuruzi cya minisiteri yubutabera SR (Obchodný kwiyandikisha Ministerstva spravodlivosti SR) Urubuga: https: //orsr.ubutabera.sk/portal/ Izi mbuga zitanga amakuru ajyanye n'amahirwe yo gushora imari, amabwiriza y’ubucuruzi, uburyo bwo kwandikisha ubucuruzi, raporo z’ubushakashatsi ku isoko, amabwiriza yoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, politiki y’imisoro, n’ibindi bikoresho byingenzi byo gukora ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi muri Silovakiya. Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka kurubuga cyangwa ibirimo bishobora guhinduka mugihe; kubwibyo, birasabwa kugenzura uko bahagaze mbere yo kubageraho kumakuru agezweho.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hariho amakuru menshi yubucuruzi yibibazo biboneka kuri Slowakiya. Dore urutonde rwimbuga zimwe zizwi hamwe na URL zijyanye: 1. Ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare muri Silovakiya (Štatistický úrad Slovenskej republiky) - Urwego rwa leta rushinzwe ibarurishamibare rutanga amakuru y’ubucuruzi yuzuye. Urubuga: https://slovak.statistics.sk/ 2. Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi yo hagati (CEFTA) - Umuryango uhuriweho na guverinoma uteza imbere ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango, harimo na Silovakiya. Urubuga: http://cefta.int/ 3. Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi (WTO) - Umuryango mpuzamahanga ukurikiza amategeko y’ubucuruzi ku isi hagati y’ibihugu, utanga amakuru ku mibare itandukanye y’imibare ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, harimo n’amakuru y’ubucuruzi bwa Silovakiya. Urubuga: https://www.wto.org/index.htm 4. Eurostat - Ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, bitanga amakuru y’ubucuruzi yuzuye kandi arambuye ku bihugu byose bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi harimo na Silovakiya. Urubuga: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat 5. Ubucuruzi bwubucuruzi - Urubuga rwa interineti rutanga ibipimo byubukungu nubushakashatsi bwisoko biva ahantu hatandukanye, harimo amakuru arambuye yubucuruzi mubihugu bitandukanye kwisi, harimo na Slowakiya. Urubuga: https://tradingeconomics.com/ 6. GlobalTrade.net - Umuyoboro wa interineti ku isi uhuza abatumiza mu mahanga, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, n'abatanga serivisi mu nganda nyinshi; itanga imyirondoro yihariye yigihugu ikubiyemo imibare yubucuruzi ijyanye na Silovakiya. Urubuga: https://www.globaltrade.net/c/c/Slovakiya.html Izi mbuga zirashobora kuguha amakuru menshi yerekeye ibikorwa byubucuruzi n’ububanyi n’amahanga bya Silovakiya. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, nibyiza guhuza amakuru menshi hanyuma ugatekereza kugenzura niba amakuru ari ukuri mbere yo gufata umwanzuro cyangwa gufata ibyemezo bishingiye gusa kuri aya makuru. Menya ko URL ishobora guhinduka mugihe cyangwa igahinduka nimiryango ibishinzwe; niyo mpamvu buri gihe birasabwa gukora ubushakashatsi kumurongo ukoresheje amazina yatanzwe kurubuga niba hari ikibazo kivutse kubageraho ukoresheje URL yatanzwe hejuru.

B2b

Slowakiya, igihugu kidafite inkombe mu Burayi bwo hagati, gifite urubuga rwa B2B rworohereza ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi. Dore bike muribi hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. EUROPAGES Slowakiya (https://slovakia.europages.co.uk/): Uru rubuga rukora nk'ubuyobozi bwa interineti buhuza abaguzi n'abagurisha mu nganda zitandukanye muri Silovakiya. Itanga imyirondoro yuzuye yisosiyete, urutonde rwibicuruzwa, namakuru yamakuru. 2. Slovake (https://www.slovake.com/): Slovake ni urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi rwibanda ku kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bya Silovakiya no guhuza ubucuruzi mu gihugu. Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi biva mubyiciro bitandukanye nkibiryo, imyambarire, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, nibindi byinshi. 3. Ubucuruzi bwibigo (https://www.tradesocieties.com/): TradeSocieties ni urubuga B2B rutuma ubucuruzi buhuza nabatanga ibicuruzwa baturutse hirya no hino ku isi, harimo na Silovakiya. Itanga uburyo bwo kugera ku nganda zitandukanye nk'imyenda, ibice by'imodoka, ibikoresho by'imashini, n'ibindi. 4 Iyemerera abakoresha gushakisha ibicuruzwa byihariye cyangwa gushakisha mubyiciro nka electronics, ibikoresho byimyenda, ibicuruzwa murugo, nibindi. 5 Ubucuruzi bushobora gutanga ibicuruzwa mubice byinshi binyuze mururu rubuga. Izi ni ingero nke gusa za B2B zorohereza ubucuruzi muri Slowakiya; hashobora kuba hari izindi mbuga zihariye cyangwa imbuga zihariye zinganda zita kumirenge yihariye mugihugu. 提供 以上 资源 仅供 参考 不能 保证 保证 所有 都是 有效 的 或 使用 平台 时 时 时 它们 的 并 与。。。。。
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