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Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Rumaniya, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Rumaniya, ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'Uburayi. Ihuza imipaka n'ibihugu byinshi birimo Ukraine mu majyaruguru, Hongiriya mu burengerazuba, Seribiya mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, Buligariya mu majyepfo, na Moldaviya mu burasirazuba. Umurwa mukuru n'umujyi munini wa Rumaniya ni Bucharest. Ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 238.397, Rumaniya ifite ahantu nyaburanga hatandukanye harimo imisozi ya Karipati mu karere rwagati ndetse n’ibibaya bizunguruka mu tundi turere tw’igihugu. Umugezi wa Danube utemba ku mupaka w’amajyepfo kandi ugize igice cyumupaka wacyo. Abaturage barenga miliyoni 19, Rumaniya ni kimwe mu bihugu bituwe cyane n'Uburayi. Igihugu gifite umurage ndangamuco ukungahaye ku mico itandukanye nk'Abaromani (ubwoko kavukire), Abasajya (Abadage bimukiye mu Budage), Abanyangariya (Magyar bake) na Roma (umubare munini w'amoko). Ikinyarumaniya kivugwa nabenegihugu hafi ya bose ariko Hongiriya nu kidage nabyo bizwi mundimi zo mukarere. Rumaniya imaze kuzamuka cyane mu bukungu kuva yinjira mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu 2007. Ubukungu bwabwo bushingiye ku nzego zitandukanye zirimo inganda, ubuhinzi, umusaruro w’ingufu na serivisi. Azwiho gukora ibinyabiziga, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ndetse n’inganda zayo zitunganya peteroli. Igihugu kirimo ibyiza nyaburanga bikurura ba mukerarugendo harimo ibigo byo mu kinyejana cya 5 nka Bran Castle izwi cyane ku nkuru ya Dracula. Agace ka Transylvania hamwe n’ahantu heza h’icyaro gakurura abashyitsi bashaka uburambe bw’imigenzo ya rubanda mu gihe imijyi nka Timișoara cyangwa Sibiu yerekana imyubakire myiza ihuza ibihe bigezweho ndetse n’amateka. Abagenzi barashobora gushakisha ibintu bitangaje bidasanzwe nka monasiteri zishushanyije cyangwa Danube Delta yashyizwe ku rutonde rwa UNESCO - ibamo amoko atandukanye y'ibimera n'ibinyabuzima. Muri rusange Rumaniya iha abashyitsi kuvanga amateka, umuco wuzuye hamwe nubwiza nyaburanga bigatuma ahantu nyaburanga hasurwa na ba mukerarugendo.

Ifaranga rya Rumaniya ni Leu yo muri Rumaniya (RON). Leu mu magambo ahinnye nka RON kandi iza mu mpapuro zombi n'ibiceri. Leu igabanijwemo bani 100, aribwo buke bw'ifaranga. Muri iki gihe inoti zo muri Rumaniya zirimo 1 (zidasanzwe), 5, 10, 50, 100, na 200 lei. Izi nyandiko zerekana amateka yingenzi n’ibiranga amateka akomeye n’umuco wa Rumaniya. Ku bijyanye n’ibiceri, Rumaniya itanga amadini mu gaciro ka 1 kubuza (gake), hamwe n’agaciro gake nkibiceri bifite agaciro ka 5, 10 n’ibinini bifite agaciro ka lei nyinshi. Ubuyobozi bwemewe bwo gucuruza ifaranga ni Banki nkuru yigihugu ya Rumaniya. Bemeza ko ubudahangarwa n’ubunyangamugayo bishyirwa mu bikorwa politiki y’ifaranga ryiza nko kugenzura igipimo cy’ifaranga. Amafaranga y’amahanga arashobora kandi kuvunja muri banki cyangwa ibiro by’ivunjisha byemewe mu gihugu hose. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko mugihe amakarita akomeye yinguzanyo nka Visa cyangwa Mastercard yemerwa muri hoteri cyangwa muri resitora mumijyi minini, byaba byiza utwaye amafaranga yo kugurisha mumijyi mito cyangwa icyaro aho uburyo bwo kwishyura amakarita budashobora kuboneka cyane. . Muri rusange, sisitemu y’ifaranga ya Rumaniya ikora neza mu mbibi zayo mu gihe ituma abashyitsi b’abanyamahanga bashobora kuvunja amafaranga mu buryo bworoshye binyuze mu nzira zemewe kugira ngo babone uburambe nta kibazo mu gihe cyo kuba muri iki gihugu cyiza cy’Uburayi.

Amasoko yemewe muri Rumaniya ni Leu yo muri Rumaniya. Hano hepfo igipimo cyagereranijwe cyo kuvunja kuri amwe mumafaranga akomeye kwisi arwanya leu yo muri Rumaniya (kubireba gusa): Amadolari y'Abanyamerika angana na 4.15 yo muri Rumaniya. Amayero amwe angana na 4.92 yo muri Rumaniya. Ikiro kimwe kingana na 5.52 leu yo muri Rumaniya. Amadolari imwe yo muri Kanada angana na 3.24 yo muri Rumaniya. Nyamuneka menya ko ibi biciro bishingiye kumiterere iriho kandi ibiciro bizima birashobora gutandukana. Birasabwa kugenzura kabiri igipimo cyivunjisha giheruka mbere yo gucuruza.

Rumaniya ni igihugu cyo mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba kizwiho umurage gakondo n'umuco gakondo. Yizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi yumwaka, ifite akamaro gakomeye kubantu bayo. Imwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye muri Rumaniya ni umunsi w’igihugu, wizihizwa ku ya 1 Ukuboza. Yibutse ubumwe bwa Transylvania n'Ubwami bwa Rumaniya mu 1918. Uyu munsi urangwa n'ibikorwa bitandukanye, birimo parade, ibitaramo, ndetse no kwerekana imiriro mu gihugu hose. Undi munsi mukuru ukomeye ni Pasika. Yizihizwa n’abakristu ba orotodogisi n’abakristu gatolika, igereranya kubahiriza idini ry’Abaroma. Imiryango iraterana kugirango yitabe ibirori byitorero kandi basangire ifunguro ryibirori hamwe mugihe basiba igisibo. Noheri nayo yizihizwa cyane muri Rumaniya, hamwe n'imigenzo yagiye ikurikirana uko ibisekuruza byagiye bisimburana. Ibiti bya Noheri bitatse ni ibintu bisanzwe muri iki gihe, kandi abana bategerezanyije amatsiko impano yazanwe na Santa Claus cyangwa Mutagatifu Nicholas ku ya 25 Ukuboza. Ibiruhuko bya Dragobete bifite akamaro kanini kubashakanye bo muri Rumaniya kuko bizihiza urukundo nuburumbuke. Biteganijwe ku ya 24 Gashyantare buri mwaka, urubyiruko rumara hanze rwishora mubikorwa bishimishije nko kuririmba indirimbo gakondo cyangwa gukina imikino ijyanye n'imihango yo kurambagiza. Byongeye kandi, Mărţişor ni umunsi mukuru udasanzwe wo muri Rumaniya wizihizwa ku ya 1 Werurwe iyo abantu batanze ibimenyetso bito byo gushushanya bikozwe mu mugozi utukura n'umweru byerekana ibimenyetso by'ubuzima n'amahirwe umwaka wose. Ubwanyuma, Umunsi Mpuzamahanga wabana ku ya 1 kamena uzana umunezero kubana muri Rumaniya hamwe nibikorwa bitandukanye byateguwe kugirango bishimire umunezero n'imibereho yabo. Amashuri akunze kwakira ibikorwa bidasanzwe nkamarushanwa ya siporo cyangwa ibitaramo byahariwe guhanga abana. Izi nizo ngero nkeya gusa muminsi mikuru ikomeye yizihizwa muri Rumaniya yerekana ubutunzi bukize bwumuco wabwo. Buri wese afite akamaro gakomeye kubaromani kuko ntabwo arushijeho kwiyumvamo indangamuntu gusa ahubwo anaha amahirwe imiryango yo guhurira hamwe mubirori.

Romania ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y’Uburayi. Ifite ubukungu butandukanye kandi butera imbere hibandwa cyane ku bucuruzi. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Rumaniya birimo imashini n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, imyenda n'inkweto, imodoka, imiti, ibikomoka ku buhinzi, n'ibicanwa. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa byo muri Rumaniya ni Ubudage, Ubutaliyani, Ubufaransa, Hongiriya, n'Ubwongereza. Ibi bihugu bifite igice kinini cyibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Rumaniya. Ku rundi ruhande, Rumaniya itumiza cyane cyane imashini n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, ibicanwa by'amabuye y'agaciro, ibinyabiziga, imiti, n'imiti. Abafatanyabikorwa nyamukuru batumiza muri Rumaniya ni Ubudage, Ubugereki, Hongiriya, Ubuholandi, n'Ubutaliyani. Uburinganire bw’ubucuruzi mu gihugu bwari busanzwe bubi kubera ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga kuruta ibyoherezwa mu mahanga; ariko, mu myaka yashize, urwego rwohereza ibicuruzwa muri Rumaniya rwiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara, bituma uburinganire bw’ubucuruzi bwiyongera. Usibye abafatanyabikorwa b’ubucuruzi gakondo, Rumaniya ishakisha byimazeyo amahirwe mashya y’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu byo hanze y’Uburayi.Hagiye hibandwa cyane ku kwagura umubano w’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu bya Aziya nk’Ubushinwa, Koreya yepfo, n’Ubuyapani binyuze mu masezerano y’ubufatanye mu bukungu. Rumaniya nayo iri mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), itanga uburyo bwo kugera ku isoko rinini ry’imbere. Nubwo hari ibibazo rimwe na rimwe, amasosiyete yo muri Rumaniya yungukirwa n’abanyamuryango b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu kohereza ibicuruzwa byabo nta musoro w’inyongera mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango.Ibi byagize uruhare mu kuzamuka k'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga muri rusange. Muri rusange, Rumaniya ikomeje kwishora mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, yishimira ubufatanye bumaze igihe kinini mu Burayi ndetse no gukurikirana amahirwe mashya y’ubucuruzi ku isi hose. Iterambere ry’ubukungu rihamye, umutekano wa politiki, hamwe n’ishoramari ryiza ryashimishije abashoramari b’amahanga, bishimangira uruhare rwa Rumaniya mu bucuruzi ku isi

Ubushobozi bwo guteza imbere isoko mubucuruzi bwububanyi n’amahanga bwa Rumaniya buratanga ikizere kandi butanga amahirwe menshi kubucuruzi. Rumaniya, iherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba, izwiho ubukungu butandukanye ndetse n'ahantu hegereye mu Muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Kimwe mu bintu byingenzi bigira uruhare mu bucuruzi bw’ububanyi n’amahanga bwa Rumaniya ni ukwinjira mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Ubu banyamuryango butuma ubucuruzi bukorera muri Rumaniya bugera ku isoko ry’abaguzi barenga miliyoni 500. Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi utanga kandi inyungu nyinshi nk’imikorere yoroshye ya gasutamo, kugenda ku bicuruzwa na serivisi ku buntu, no kubona gahunda zitandukanye z’ubufasha bw’amafaranga. Byongeye kandi, Rumaniya yagiye ihura n’ubukungu mu myaka yashize. Iri terambere ryatumye umubare w’amafaranga yinjira mu baturage wiyongera, bituma abakiriya benshi bakeneye ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Inganda nkinganda, ubuhinzi, ikoranabuhanga ryamakuru, na serivisi byagaragaye ko byagutse cyane. Rumaniya nayo yungukira ku karere kayo nk'irembo rihuza Uburayi bwo hagati na Balkans. Ikora nk'inzira nyabagendwa ihuza amasoko yo mu Burayi bw'i Burengerazuba n'ayo mu burasirazuba. Igihugu gifite umuyoboro mugari wo gutwara abantu urimo umuhanda munini, gari ya moshi, ibibuga byindege, n’ibyambu ku nyanja Yirabura n’umugezi wa Danube. Byongeye kandi, Rumaniya ifite umutungo kamere nkububiko bwibiti nubutaka bwubuhinzi bukwiriye guhingwa. Amikoro atanga amahirwe kubucuruzi bwamahanga bashaka gushora imari cyangwa kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze mu gihugu. Mu myaka yashize, amasosiyete menshi y’amahanga yamenye ubushobozi bwa Rumaniya ashyiraho ibikorwa by’umusaruro cyangwa icyicaro cy’akarere mu gihugu. Ibi byerekana icyizere mumasoko yacyo ahamye no guhangana kurwego rwisi. Mugihe hari amahirwe menshi mubucuruzi bwububanyi n’amahanga bwa Rumaniya; ni ngombwa ko ubucuruzi bukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku isoko mbere yo kwinjira kuri iri soko. Gusobanukirwa ibyifuzo byabaguzi baho hamwe nibisabwa n'amategeko bijyanye nibitumizwa mu mahanga bizaba ngombwa kugirango umuntu atsinde. Mu gusoza, kuvuga muri make ibyo bintu byose - kuba umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, kuzamuka mu bukungu burambye, umwanya uhagije w’imiterere, hamwe n’umutungo kamere - Romania irerekana imbaraga zidasanzwe zo gukoresha amahirwe y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga adakoreshwa.

Iyo urebye isoko ryohereza ibicuruzwa muri Rumaniya, hari ibyiciro byinshi byamamare bishobora guhitamo kubishobora kugurishwa. Ibyo byiciro birimo imyenda n'imyenda, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibice by'imodoka n'ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, n'ibicuruzwa. Inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda muri Rumaniya izwiho ubuziranenge kandi buhendutse. Kubwibyo, kohereza imyenda yimyambarire nka jeans, t-shati, imyenda, ninkweto birashobora kuba inyungu. Ibicuruzwa byimyenda nkumwenda, ibitanda byo kuryamaho, hamwe nigitambaro nabyo birakenewe. Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki nundi murenge wunguka gukoreshwa muguhitamo ibicuruzwa kumasoko ya Rumaniya. Terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, tableti, televiziyo, kamera byose birashakishwa cyane n’abaguzi. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byo murugo nka firigo, imashini imesa, hamwe nitanura rya microwave bigenda byiyongera. Inganda z’imodoka zo muri Rumaniya zateye imbere mu myaka yashize hamwe n’inganda mpuzamahanga zikomeye zashizeho aho zikorera. Rero ibice byimodoka nka moteri, ibikoresho, bateri, amapine, nibindi bikoresho bitanga amahirwe yo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ibikoresho ni ikintu cyingenzi Abanyaroma bakunze kugura mugihe bashizeho amazu cyangwa bavugurura imbere.Mu myaka yashize, icyifuzo cyibikoresho byateguwe neza, gifite ibikoresho byabonye iterambere. Kubera iyo mpamvu, kugurisha akabati ka kijyambere, ibyokurya, intebe, nibikoresho byo mucyumba birashoboka gukurura abakiriya. Ubwanyuma, Abanyaroma bashimira ibyokurya gakondo ariko bakishimira no kwishora muburyohe mpuzamahanga.Niyo rero, kwibanda ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga birimo ibikomoka ku mata, mayoneze, vino, makaroni, ibicuruzwa byabitswe, charcuterie, ubuki, jama byakwegera abantu.Kugira ngo bigerweho, ni ngombwa kubahiriza amabwiriza yubuzima, gushyiraho ibiciro byapiganwa, no gutanga ibipfunyika bishimishije kugirango bigaragare neza. Kubwibyo, urufunguzo rwo guhitamo ibintu bigurishwa bishyushye ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bwa Rumaniya biri muri ibi byiciro bizwi cyane by’imyenda, imyenda, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, Ibice by'imodoka, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, n'ibiribwa. Buri gihe ujye ukurikiranira hafi ibyo abaguzi bakunda, imigendekere, ibisabwa muri iki gihe mu gihe hubahirizwa ubuziranenge bwiza ku giciro cyo gupiganwa. Gukoresha izi ngamba bizorohereza guhitamo neza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa ku isoko rya Rumaniya.

Rumaniya ni igihugu kidasanzwe giherereye mu Burayi bwi Burasirazuba gifite ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira. Ukurikije ibiranga abakiriya, Abanyaroma baha agaciro umubano nubusabane bwihariye. Kubaka ikizere no gushiraho umubano mwiza nabakiriya ningirakamaro mugukora ubucuruzi neza muri Romania. Gufata umwanya wo kumenya abakiriya bawe kurwego rwawe bwite bizagera kure mukubaka umubano ukomeye mubucuruzi. Abakiriya ba Rumaniya bashima ubunyamwuga, kubahiriza igihe, no kwizerwa. Ni ngombwa gusohoza amasezerano no gutanga ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi nkuko byumvikanyweho. Kwihutira guterana no guhura byerekana kubaha umwanya wumukiriya kandi byerekana ubwitange bwawe. Iyo ukorana nabakiriya ba Rumaniya, ni ngombwa kwihangana kuko gufata ibyemezo bishobora gutinda bitewe nubwitonzi nisesengura ryimbitse. Abanyaroma bahitamo amakuru arambuye mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyangwa ibyemezo. Ku bijyanye na kirazira, ni ngombwa kwirinda kuganira ku ngingo zikomeye nk'amateka ya Rumaniya mu gihe cya gikomunisiti cyangwa ibibazo bya politiki bitavugwaho rumwe keretse babisabwe n'umukiriya ubwabo. Izi ngingo zirashobora kwishyurwa amarangamutima kubanyaroma bamwe, nibyiza rero kubegera ubyitondeye. Indi kirazira muri Rumaniya irazenguruka kubaha umwanya bwite mugihe cyo gukorana. Irinde guhuza umubiri nko gukoraho cyane cyangwa guhobera keretse washyizeho umubano wimbitse numuntu mubana. Byongeye kandi, iyo usabana nabakiriya ba Rumaniya, nibyiza ko utanegura mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa ibitekerezo bibi kubyerekeye umuco wabo cyangwa imigenzo yabo. Ahubwo, wibande ku kwerekana ibintu byiza byigihugu cyabo mugihe ukomeje umuco. Muri make, gusobanukirwa indangagaciro zabakiriya ba Rumaniya bijyanye no kubaka umubano ushingiye ku kwizerana no kubahana bizagira uruhare runini mubucuruzi bwiza muri iki gihugu cyihariye cy’Uburayi.

Gahunda yo kugenzura imipaka ya Rumaniya n’amabwiriza bigamije kurinda umutekano n’umutekano w’umupaka wacyo mu gihe byorohereza ingendo abashyitsi bemewe. Igihugu ni igihugu cy’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, bivuze ko gikurikiza amahame y’amasezerano ya Schengen yerekeye kugenda kw’abantu mu karere ka Schengen. Abayobozi bashinzwe kugenzura imipaka ya Rumaniya bashyira mu bikorwa ingamba zitandukanye zo gucunga neza ingenzi zinjira kandi zisohoka. Ukihagera, abanyamahanga bose bagomba kwerekana pasiporo yemewe cyangwa indangamuntu iva mu gihugu cyabo. Abatari abanyaburayi barashobora kandi gukenera viza yemewe mbere yo kwinjira muri Rumaniya, bitewe n'ubwenegihugu bwabo. Amategeko ya gasutamo muri Rumaniya arasa n’ibindi bihugu by’Uburayi. Abagenzi basabwa gutangaza ibicuruzwa birenga imipaka runaka cyangwa bitwara imipaka yihariye, nk'imbunda, ibiyobyabwenge, cyangwa amoko y’inyamanswa. Amafaranga arenga € 10,000 nayo agomba gutangazwa iyo yinjiye cyangwa asohotse. Abashinzwe kugenzura pasiporo basuzuma pasiporo y'abagenzi / indangamuntu kugira ngo bagire agaciro kandi barashobora gukora igenzura igihe bibaye ngombwa. Ni ngombwa kwemeza ko ibyangombwa biranga umuntu bitarangiye mbere yo kujya muri Rumaniya. Ibintu bimwe bishobora gukumirwa kubitumizwa hanze cyangwa bisaba uruhushya rwihariye (urugero, imiti isaba imiti). Nibyiza ko abagenzi bamenyera amabwiriza ya gasutamo ya Rumaniya mbere yo kwinjira mugihugu. Mu gihe cyo kuva muri Rumaniya, abashinzwe za gasutamo barashobora gusaba kugenzura imizigo n’ibintu byabujijwe gukurwa mu gihugu mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko. Kugirango unyure neza unyuze kuri bariyeri y’abinjira n’abinjira muri Rumaniya, ni ngombwa ko abashyitsi bubahiriza amategeko n'amabwiriza yose akwiye: 1. Witwaza ibyangombwa byingendo (pasiporo / ID) igihe cyose. 2. Gutunga viza zikenewe niba bishoboka. 3. Ntugatware ibicuruzwa bibujijwe nk'ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe cyangwa imbunda. 4. Menyera inzira za gasutamo zijyanye n'amafaranga atishyurwa nibisabwa. 5. Wubahe andi mabwiriza yinyongera y’abinjira atangwa n'abashinzwe kugenzura imipaka. 6. Komeza umenyeshe amakuru ashobora kuvugururwa mubisabwa kugirango winjire bitewe nimpinduka zahindutse (nka protocole ya COVID-19). Mugukurikiza aya mabwiriza kandi ufite ibyangombwa byose bisabwa byiteguye, abagenzi barashobora kwishimira kwinjira no gusohoka muri Rumaniya.

Romania, nkumunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), ikurikiza politiki rusange y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, politiki y’imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga ahanini ihuza n’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Imiterere y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Rumaniya ikurikira guhuza imisoro yihariye, imisoro ya ad valorem, ndetse rimwe na rimwe ikavangwa byombi. Umusoro wihariye usoreshwa ku bicuruzwa ukurikije ingano cyangwa uburemere bwabyo, mu gihe imisoro ya ad valorem ibarwa nkijanisha ryibicuruzwa byatangajwe. Ku bicuruzwa bitari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi byinjizwa muri Rumaniya, bishyirwa ku gipimo cy’amahoro ya gasutamo cyagenwe n’igiciro rusange cy’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Iki giciro gikoreshwa hashingiwe ku kode ya Harmonized Sisitemu (HS) ishyira ibicuruzwa mu matsinda atandukanye hagamijwe gusoresha. Igipimo nyacyo giterwa n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Usibye iyi misoro, umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) urakoreshwa no ku bicuruzwa byinshi byinjira muri Rumaniya ku gipimo gisanzwe cya 19%. Nyamara, ibicuruzwa bimwe byingenzi bishobora gutwara igiciro cya TVA cyagabanutse kuva 5% kugeza 9%. Nibyingenzi kubatumiza ibicuruzwa kubiciro byinyongera mugihe babara amafaranga yose hamwe. Abatumiza mu mahanga bagomba kandi kumenya ko hashobora kubaho gusonerwa cyangwa kugabanuka ku misoro yatumijwe mu mahanga ku byiciro byihariye nkibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mu musaruro cyangwa ibintu bigamije kuzamura urwego rw’ubukungu. Ubusanzwe ubwo busonerwe butangwa hashingiwe kubipimo bimwe na bimwe byemewe n'inzego zibishinzwe. Birasabwa ko abantu cyangwa ubucuruzi bateganya kwishora mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga na Rumaniya bagisha inama inzego z’ibanze cyangwa bagashaka inama z’umwuga kugira ngo hubahirizwe amabwiriza yose akoreshwa mu mahanga kandi basuzume neza ibiciro byose bijyanye no kwinjiza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu.

Romania ni igihugu cyo mu Burayi bwi Burasirazuba kizwiho ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byoherezwa mu mahanga. Igihugu cyashyize mu bikorwa politiki nziza y’imisoro yo gushyigikira inganda zohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Muri Rumaniya, igipimo rusange cy'umusoro ku nyungu rusange ni 16%, kireba ubucuruzi bwose, harimo n'abakora ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ariko, hariho gusonerwa hamwe nogushigikira kuboneka kubigo bigamije kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ubwa mbere, ibigo byinjiza byibuze 80% byinjiza byose biva mu mahanga bemerewe gusonerwa kwishyura umusoro ku nyungu z’amasosiyete ku nyungu zabo. Iki cyemezo kigamije gushishikariza ibigo kwibanda ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga no kuzamura urwego rwohereza ibicuruzwa muri Rumaniya. Byongeye kandi, umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) ni ikindi kintu cyingenzi muri gahunda yo gusoresha ku bicuruzwa byoherejwe muri Rumaniya. Ibicuruzwa bigenewe koherezwa hanze muri rusange bifatwa nka zeru ku ntego za TVA. Ibi bivuze ko abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze batishyuza abakiriya babo TVA iyo ari yo yose. Ahubwo, barashobora gusaba gusubizwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro wishyuwe mugihe cyo gukora cyangwa kugura ibicuruzwa / serivisi zijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigomba kwemererwa gutangwa na zeru, bigomba gutanga ibimenyetso byerekana ko ibicuruzwa byavuye muri Rumaniya bikinjira mu kindi gihugu cyangwa akarere kitari mu bihugu by’Uburayi (EU). Birakwiye ko tumenya ko hashobora kubaho amabwiriza yihariye nibisabwa bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga cyangwa igihugu cyerekeza. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa ko abohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bagisha inama inzego z’ibanze cyangwa bagahuza n’abahanga bazi ibijyanye na politiki y’imari ya Rumaniya mbere yo gukora ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro ya Rumaniya ifasha kuzamura ubukungu bwayo mu gushishikariza abashoramari gukora ibikorwa byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu gihe hubahirizwa amahame mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi n’amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ku bijyanye n’imisoro.

Romania, iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’Uburayi, izwiho ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byoherezwa mu mahanga. Kugira ngo ubuziranenge no kwizerwa byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Rumaniya, igihugu cyashyize mu bikorwa ibyemezo. Ubuyobozi bukuru bushinzwe ibyemezo byo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Rumaniya ni Ikigo cyigihugu gishinzwe ubuziranenge no gutanga ibyemezo (INCERCOM). INCERCOM ikorana cyane ninzego zinyuranye zihariye zinganda kugirango ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bwigihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Abashora ibicuruzwa muri Rumaniya bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yihariye kandi bakabona ibyemezo byemewe mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Izi mpamyabumenyi zemeza ko ibicuruzwa byakorewe ibizamini bikomeye kandi byubahiriza ubuziranenge, umutekano, n’ibidukikije. Icyemezo kimwe cyingenzi muri Rumaniya ni ISO 9001. Iki gipimo cyemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga cyemeza ko abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bafite uburyo bunoze bwo gucunga neza. Irerekana ubushake bwa Rumaniya bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge ku masoko yisi. Byongeye kandi, abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Rumaniya bashobora kandi kubona ibyemezo nka ISO 14001 byo gucunga ibidukikije cyangwa OHSAS 18001 kubuzima bwumutekano n’umutekano. Ibi birerekana kandi ubwitange bwabo mubikorwa birambye n'umutekano w'abakozi. Ibicuruzwa byubuhinzi bwa Rumaniya akenshi bisaba ibyemezo byihariye. Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi ikurikirana iki gikorwa itanga ibyemezo nka Kurinda Kugaragaza Inkomoko (PDO) cyangwa Kurinda Uburinganire (PGI). Izi mpamyabumenyi zirinda uburyo bwo guhinga gakondo bwa Rumaniya mugihe harebwa niba ibicuruzwa ari ukuri. Byongeye kandi, ku bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) ni ngombwa. Politiki rusange y’ubuhinzi y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi iragaragaza umurongo ngenderwaho ujyanye no gukurikirana ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku bicuruzwa, kwerekana ibimenyetso bifatika hamwe n’imibereho myiza y’inyamaswa mu gihe cy’ubworozi - ibintu byose by’ingenzi byemeza kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Rumaniya. Ubwanyuma, ibyo byemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga bishimangira izina rya Rumaniya nkumufatanyabikorwa w’ubucuruzi wizewe mu kwerekana ko hubahirizwa amahame y’igihugu ndetse n’amahanga mu nganda zitandukanye. Hamwe nubwitange bwingamba zubwishingizi bufite ireme binyuze muburyo bwuzuye bwo gutanga ibyemezo, Rumaniya ihagaze neza kurwego rwisoko ryisi

Rumaniya ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba, kizwiho amateka akungahaye ndetse n'ahantu nyaburanga. Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho no gutwara abantu, Romania itanga amahitamo menshi asabwa cyane. 1. Ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda: Rumaniya ifite umuyoboro mugari uhuza imijyi niyindi mijyi, bigatuma ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda aribwo buryo bwizewe bwibikoresho. Igihugu gifite imihanda minini itunganijwe neza yorohereza ibicuruzwa neza. Hariho amasosiyete menshi yamakamyo muri Rumaniya atanga serivise zo mu gihugu no mu mahanga. 2. Ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi: Rumaniya ifite kandi umuyoboro wa gari ya moshi ukora neza uhuza uturere dutandukanye mu gihugu ndetse n’ibihugu bituranye nka Buligariya, Hongiriya, Ukraine, na Seribiya. Ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi burahenze cyane kubicuruzwa byinshi kure cyane. 3. Serivise zo mu kirere: Kubyohereza igihe cyangwa ibicuruzwa byoherejwe cyane, serivisi zindege zirasabwa cyane muri Romania. Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Henri Coandă i Bucharest nicyo kibuga cyinshi cyane mu gihugu kandi kikaba ihuriro ry’indege zitwara imizigo. Ibindi bibuga byindege byambukiranya Rumaniya nabyo bitanga ibikoresho byo mu kirere hamwe na sisitemu yo gufata neza. 4. Ibyambu n’ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja: Bitewe n’aho biherereye ku nkombe y’Inyanja Yirabura, Rumaniya ifite ibyambu byinshi bikora ubucuruzi bw’amazi yo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Icyambu cya Constanta nicyo cyambu kinini mu gihugu kandi gitanga imiyoboro myiza ku bindi byambu by’i Burayi binyuze mu mirongo itandukanye. 5.Ibikoresho byububiko: Kubijyanye nigisubizo cyo kubika ibikorwa byibikoresho, Romania itanga ibikoresho byinshi byububiko bifite ibikorwa remezo bigezweho mumijyi itandukanye nka Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Timisoara, nibindi. 6. Abatanga ibikoresho: Hariho abatanga ibikoresho byinshi bakorera muri Rumaniya batanga ibisubizo byanyuma kugeza ku ndunduro harimo serivisi zo kohereza ibicuruzwa (haba mu nyanja no mu kirere), ubufasha bwo gutumiza gasutamo, hamwe n’inkunga yo gucunga amasoko. Aba batanga bafite uburambe bwo gukorana n’amabwiriza y’ibanze, serivisi kugirango zihuze ubucuruzi bwihariye Muri rusange, aho Rumaniya iherereye mu turere tw’ibikorwa remezo byiza byo gutwara abantu, irashyira mu majwi nk'ihitamo ryiza ryo gushyiraho imiyoboro ikora neza kandi ihendutse kugira ngo ikorere abakiriya bo mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga.

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Rumaniya ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y’Uburayi kandi cyahindutse ahantu heza ku baguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka isoko ry’ibicuruzwa byiza ku giciro cyo gupiganwa. Igihugu gitanga inzira zinyuranye zogutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga kandi cyakira imurikagurisha n’imurikagurisha byinshi. Iyi ngingo igamije gucukumbura bimwe mubintu byingenzi byubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bwa Rumaniya. Umuyoboro umwe wingenzi mugutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga muri Romania ni isoko rya interineti. Imiyoboro ya e-ubucuruzi nka OLX, eMag, na Cel.ro ikoreshwa cyane nabaguzi baho ndetse n’abanyamahanga kugirango batange ibicuruzwa bitandukanye birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byo murugo, imyenda, nibindi byinshi. Izi porogaramu zitanga inzira yoroshye kubaguzi mpuzamahanga guhuza nabagurisha mugihugu cyose. Indi nzira yingenzi yo gutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga muri Rumaniya binyuze mubucuruzi cyangwa kubicuruza. Aba bahuza bashizeho imiyoboro mumasoko yaho kandi irashobora gufasha guhuza ibigo byamahanga nabatanga ibicuruzwa cyangwa ababikora. Batanga ubufasha bwingirakamaro muguhindura ururimi, ubushakashatsi ku isoko, inkunga y'ibikoresho, no gucunga neza. Rumaniya kandi itanga amahirwe akomeye binyuze mu kwitabira imurikagurisha n’imurikagurisha. Kimwe mu bikorwa byingenzi ni imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi rya INDAGRA ry’ibikoresho n’ibicuruzwa mu buhinzi bikorwa buri mwaka i Bucharest. Ikurura abaguzi benshi bo murugo no mumahanga bashishikajwe nimashini zubuhinzi, ibikomoka ku bworozi, ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibiryo, nibindi. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubukerarugendo (TTR) riba buri mwaka i Bucharest ni ikindi gikorwa cyihariye giteza imbere ibicuruzwa bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo biturutse ku isi yose. Ikora nk'urubuga rwiza rwibigo byingendo, iminyururu ya hoteri, abatanga ubwikorezi kugirango berekane ibyo batanga kubashobora kuba abafatanyabikorwa ba Rumaniya. Byongeye kandi, imurikagurisha rya ROMHOTEL ryeguriwe gusa amahoteri rihuza abatanga ibicuruzwa biva mu nzego zitandukanye nkabakora ibikoresho byo mu nzu batanga ibisubizo bikwiranye n’ibyo hoteri ikeneye. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’amashanyarazi & Automation (E&D) ryibanze ku iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rijyanye n’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bikora sisitemu zikoresha imashini zikurura abanyamwuga bo mu nganda nk’umusaruro w’ingufu cyangwa inganda zikoresha inganda Byongeye kandi, COSMOPACK - GUKURIKIRA FAIR itumira abanyamwuga bashishikajwe nikoranabuhanga ribyara umusaruro ariko kandi bashoboye kubika no gupakira ibisubizo. Byongeye kandi, Rumaniya iri mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) kandi ifite isoko rimwe ry’Uburayi. Ibi bituma abaguzi mpuzamahanga bakoresha amahirwe yo kugenda kubuntu muri EU mugihe batumiza ibicuruzwa muri Romania. Iremeza kandi ko ibicuruzwa byakorewe muri Rumaniya byujuje ubuziranenge bw’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Mu gusoza, Rumaniya itanga inzira zinyuranye zitanga amasoko mpuzamahanga, harimo amasoko yo kumurongo, abashinzwe ubucuruzi / abagurisha, no kwitabira imurikagurisha / imurikagurisha. Izi nzira zitanga amahirwe kubaguzi mpuzamahanga guhuza nabatanga ibicuruzwa / ababikora muri Rumaniya mumirenge itandukanye. Byongeye kandi, kuba umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi byongera urwego rwo kwizerwa no koroshya iyo ukora ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi na bagenzi babo bo muri Rumaniya.

Imashini zishakisha

Muri Rumaniya, moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane ni Google. Urashobora kuyigeraho kuri www.google.ro. Itanga intera nini yubushakashatsi kandi ifite ibintu byinshi byingirakamaro kugirango uzamure uburambe bwabakoresha. Indi moteri ishakisha izwi cyane muri Rumaniya ni Bing, ushobora kuyisanga kuri www.bing.com. Itanga imikorere isa na Google kandi akenshi ikoreshwa nkubundi buryo. Romania nayo ifite moteri yishakisha yaho yitwa StartPage.ro (www.startpage.ro). Itanga ibisubizo byaho kandi itanga byumwihariko kubanyarumaniya hamwe nibirimo bijyanye. Hariho izindi moteri zishakisha zidakunzwe cyane ariko ziracyakoreshwa nabanyaroma bamwe. Harimo Yahoo (www.yahoo.com), DuckDuckGo (duckduckgo.com), na Yandex (www.yandex.com). Birakwiye ko tumenya ko mugihe Google ikomeje kuba moteri ishakisha muri Rumaniya, hashobora kubaho itandukaniro ryakarere cyangwa ibyo ukunda kugiti cyawe mugihe cyo guhitamo moteri ishakisha.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Impapuro nyamukuru z'umuhondo muri Rumaniya zirimo: 1. Pagini Aurii (https://paginiaurii.ro) - Ubu ni igitabo cyemewe kumurongo wa Rumaniya, gitanga urutonde rwuzuye rwubucuruzi mu nganda zitandukanye. Iyemerera abakoresha gushakisha ibigo byihariye kandi itanga ibisobanuro birambuye, aderesi, na serivisi zitangwa na buri bucuruzi. 2. UmuhondoPage muri Rumaniya (https://yellowpages.ro) - Ubundi buyobozi bukunzwe kumurongo muri Rumaniya, YellowPages butanga amakuru menshi yubucuruzi bwateguwe nicyiciro. Abakoresha barashobora gushakisha ibigo ukurikije aho biherereye, ubwoko bwinganda, cyangwa ibicuruzwa / serivisi byihariye. 3. Cylex Romania (https://www.cylex.ro) - Cylex itanga igitabo gishobora gushakishwa mubucuruzi mumijyi itandukanye yo muri Rumaniya. Itanga amakuru arambuye kuri buri rutonde, harimo amakuru yamakuru, amasaha yo gufungura, serivisi zitangwa, hamwe nisuzuma ryabakiriya. 4. 11800 (https://www.chirii-romania.ro/) - 11800 ni urubuga rwihariye rwurupapuro rwumuhondo rwibanze kurutonde rwimitungo itimukanwa muri Romania. Abakoresha barashobora kubona amazu yo gukodesha cyangwa kugurisha kandi bakanashakisha ahantu h'ubucuruzi haboneka mu turere dutandukanye twigihugu. 5. QDPM Aplicatia Mobile (http://www.qdpm-telecom.ro/aplicatia-mobile.php) - QDPM Telecom itanga urubuga rushingiye kuri porogaramu ituma abayikoresha bashobora kubona serivise yububiko bwa terefone igendanwa biturutse kuri terefone zabo cyangwa tableti. ukoresheje uburyo bwo gushakisha inyuguti. Ububiko bwurupapuro rwumuhondo butanga ibikoresho byingenzi kubantu bashaka amakuru kubyerekeranye nubucuruzi, serivisi ziboneka mu turere dutandukanye twa Rumaniya. Nyamuneka menya ko imbuga zimwe zishobora gusaba kuva mu kinyarumaniya kugeza mucyongereza niba utazi neza ururimi

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Rumaniya, igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwi Burasirazuba, gifite imiyoboro minini y’ubucuruzi. Dore bimwe mubigaragara hamwe na URL zabo: 1. eMAG - Umwe mubacuruzi benshi kuri interineti muri Rumaniya, atanga ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byo murugo, ibikoresho by'imyambarire, nibindi byinshi. - Urubuga: https://www.emag.ro/ 2. OLX - Urubuga ruzwi cyane rwo kwamamaza aho abakoresha bashobora kugura no kugurisha ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, birimo imodoka, imitungo itimukanwa, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, na serivisi. - Urubuga: https://www.olx.ro/ 3. Flanco - Ububiko bwa interineti buzobereye mu kugurisha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo nka TV, telefone zigendanwa za mudasobwa zigendanwa za mudasobwa zigendanwa zo gukaraba imashini zikonjesha n'ibindi. - Urubuga: https://www.flanco.ro/ 4. Iminsi yimyambarire - Ihuriro ryimyambarire ya e-ubucuruzi muri Rumaniya itanga imyenda kubagabo, abagore nabana kuva mubirango bitandukanye hamwe nibikoresho. - Urubuga: https://www.imyambarire.ro/ 5. Inzovu - Isoko ryo kumurongo rigurisha ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kuva kuri electronics kugeza kubicuruzwa byubwiza kugeza kumitako yo murugo. - Urubuga: https://www.elefant.ro/ 6. Carrefour Kumurongo - Urubuga rwa interineti rwumurongo uzwi cyane wa hypermarket Carrefour Romania itanga ibiribwa umusaruro mushya murugo ibikoresho bya ngombwa byo murugo nibindi - Urubuga: https://online.carrefour.ro/ 7 - Urubuga: www.mall.cz 8.Elefante Urubuga: https: //elefante.ro Izi ni zimwe mu ngero zingenzi za e-ubucuruzi muri Rumaniya; hari nizindi mbuga ntoya zitanga ibyicaro cyangwa inganda zihariye muri e-ubucuruzi bwigihugu. Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka kurubuga bishobora guhinduka mugihe, nibyiza rero gushakisha kuriyi mbuga ukoresheje amazina yabo kuri moteri ishakisha amakuru yamakuru agezweho.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Rumaniya, igihugu cyiza giherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’Uburayi, gifite imbuga nkoranyambaga. Dore zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane muri Rumaniya hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): Facebook ni urubuga ruhuza abantu benshi muri Rumaniya, kimwe no mu bindi bihugu byinshi. Iyemerera abakoresha guhuza inshuti nimiryango, gusangira amafoto na videwo, gukora ibyabaye, guhuza amatsinda, no gukurikira impapuro zishimishije. 2. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Instagram ni urubuga rukoreshwa cyane kumafoto no gusangira amashusho yemerera abakoresha gufata umwanya no kubisangiza nabayoboke babo. Abanyaroma benshi bakoresha Instagram kugirango berekane ubuhanga bwabo bwo gufotora cyangwa kwandika ubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi. 3. LinkedIn (www. 4. Twitter (www.twitter.com): Twitter ni urubuga rwa interineti rwa blog na blog ihuza abantu aho abakoresha ubutumwa bashobora kohereza ubutumwa bugufi buzwi nka "tweet." Abanyaroma bakoresha Twitter kugirango bakomeze kugezwaho amakuru yamakuru cyangwa gukurikira imibare rusange kuva muri domaine zitandukanye. 5. TikTok (www. Yamamaye cyane mu gisekuru cyabakiri bato muri Rumaniya kubera ibikoresho byayo byo guhanga ibintu. 6. Snapchat (www.snapchat.com): Snapchat ni urubuga rwo kugabana amashusho azwiho kubura ibintu birimo. Abakoresha barashobora kohereza amafoto cyangwa videwo muburyo butaziguye inshuti cyangwa kubitangaza nkinkuru zimara amasaha 24 mbere yo kuzimira. 7. Reddit (www.reddit.com/r/Romania/): Reddit ni umuryango ushingiye ku ihuriro rya interineti aho abanyamuryango biyandikishije bashobora kujya mu biganiro ku ngingo zitandukanye binyuze mu nyandiko cyangwa ibitekerezo byatanzwe n'abandi bitabiriye amahugurwa. 8. Kurikira (www.p Interest.ro): Pinterest ikora nka pinboard kumurongo aho abakoresha bashobora kuvumbura no kubika ibitekerezo kubwinyungu zitandukanye nko gushushanya urugo, imyambarire, guteka, aho ujya, nibindi byinshi. 9. YouTube (www.youtube.com): Urubuga ruzwi cyane rwo gusangira amashusho yemerera abakoresha kohereza, kureba, igipimo, gusangira no gutanga ibitekerezo kuri videwo. Abanyaroma benshi bakoresha YouTube nkisoko yimyidagaduro cyangwa gukurikira abakunda ibintu bakunda. 10. TikTalk (www.tiktalk.ro): TikTalk ni imbuga nkoranyambaga yo muri Rumaniya isa na Twitter. Yibanze kubiganiro bishingiye ku nyandiko byateguwe na hashtags cyangwa ingingo zigenda. Izi nimwe mbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane muri Rumaniya. Bitewe n’inyungu bwite n’ibyo ukunda, abantu barashobora kandi kwishora hamwe nizindi mbuga zihariye zishimisha ibyo bakora cyangwa imyuga yabigize umwuga mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zitandukanye.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Muri Rumaniya, hari amashyirahamwe menshi yinganda zihagarariye inzego zitandukanye zubukungu. Aya mashyirahamwe afite uruhare runini mugutezimbere inyungu zinganda zabo no guteza imbere iterambere nubufatanye muri bo. Hano hari amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Romania hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Abayobozi bashinzwe ubucuruzi muri Rumaniya (RBL) - Iri shyirahamwe rihuza abayobozi bakuru b’amasosiyete akomeye muri Rumaniya mu nzego zitandukanye. Intego yabo ni ukugira uruhare mu iterambere rirambye ry’ubucuruzi bw’igihugu. Urubuga: https://rbls.ro/ 2. Ishyirahamwe rya Rumaniya rishinzwe inganda za elegitoroniki na software (ARIES) - ARIES ihagarariye urwego rwiterambere rya IT na software muri Rumaniya, iharanira politiki iteza imbere udushya, iterambere, no kwihangira imirimo. Urubuga: https://aries.ro/en 3. Ishyirahamwe ry’amabanki muri Rumaniya (ARB) - ARB ikora nk'urwego ruhagarariye amabanki akorera muri Rumaniya, rukora mu guteza imbere amategeko na politiki bihamye byorohereza imikorere ya banki. Urubuga: https://www.arb.ro/ro/ 4. Ihuriro ry’abakozi b’abakoresha bo muri Rumaniya (UNPR) - UNPR ihagarariye abakoresha baturutse mu mirenge yose yo muri Rumaniya, ibabera umuvugizi mu gukemura ibibazo by’isoko ry’umurimo, guharanira ko habaho ivugurura rikenewe, no guteza imbere ibiganiro hagati y’abahagarariye abakoresha. Urubuga: http://unpr.ro/ 5. Ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu ryita ku makuru y’umutekano (ANSSI) - ANSSI yibanda ku guteza imbere ubukangurambaga bw’ikoranabuhanga mu bucuruzi n’abantu ku giti cyabo mu gihe bahagarariye inzobere mu bijyanye n’umutekano mu nganda zitandukanye. Urubuga: https://anssi.eu/ 6. Urugereko rw’Ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Rumaniya (CCIR) - CCIR ikora nk’umuryango wambere w’ubucuruzi uhagarariye inzego zinyuranye utanga serivisi nko gutera inkunga ubucuruzi, ubushakashatsi mu bukungu no gusesengura nibindi. Urubuga: http://ccir.ro/index.php?sect=urugo&lang=en&detalii=index Izi ni ingero nke gusa mu mashyirahamwe menshi y’inganda aboneka muri Rumaniya agira uruhare runini mu kuzamura ubukungu bw’igihugu binyuze mu bikorwa by’ubuvugizi bijyanye n’ibikenewe n’ibisabwa.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Rumaniya ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba. Ifite ubukungu butandukanye n’inganda zikomeye mu nganda, ubuhinzi, serivisi, n’ikoranabuhanga mu makuru. Hano hari imbuga nyinshi zubukungu nubucuruzi zitanga amakuru kubyerekeranye nubucuruzi bwa Rumaniya, amahirwe yo gushora imari, hamwe nubucuruzi. Dore bimwe mubigaragara: 1. Guhana ubucuruzi muri Rumaniya (www.rbe.ro): Uru rubuga rutanga urubuga rwubucuruzi bwa Rumaniya guhuza nabafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga. Itanga urutonde rwubucuruzi, amahirwe yo gushora imari, hamwe namakuru agezweho kubyerekeye isoko rya Rumaniya. 2. Ibiro by’ubucuruzi bya Rumaniya (www.trade.gov.ro): Urubuga rwemewe rwa Minisiteri y’Ubukungu rutanga ubumenyi ku bijyanye n’ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Rumaniya kandi bugamije gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga. Itanga amakuru kuri politiki yubucuruzi, ibyabaye, kwiga isoko, amasoko, nibindi byinshi. 3. Imbere muri Rumaniya (www.romania-insider.com/ubucuruzi/): Nubwo mbere na mbere amakuru yamakuru akubiyemo ibintu bitandukanye bya Rumaniya nk'umuco n'ubukerarugendo; ikubiyemo ibice byahariwe amakuru yubucuruzi nayo. Itanga ubumenyi bwingenzi mubukungu bwa Romania. 4. Banki nkuru y’Abaromani (www.bnr.ro): Banki nkuru ya Rumaniya igira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga umutekano mu gihugu. Urubuga rwabo rutanga imibare yibipimo ngenderwaho byubukungu nkibipimo by’ifaranga n’ivunjisha. 5.Romania-Export.com: Uru rubuga rwibanda cyane cyane mu guteza imbere amasosiyete yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze muri Rumaniya atanga ububiko bwubucuruzi bwashyizwe mu byiciro n’inganda nk’ubuhinzi / gutunganya ibiribwa cyangwa inganda. 6.Urugaga rw’Ubucuruzi rw’Abaromani (www.ccir.ro/en): Umuyoboro uhuza ibyumba by’ibanze byorohereza ubufatanye bw’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga gutanga serivisi z’ibigo nk’impamyabumenyi cyangwa inama mu by'amategeko iyo ukora ubucuruzi mu bigo cyangwa muri Rumaniya Izi mbuga zitanga ibikoresho byingenzi kubantu bashishikajwe no gushakisha amahirwe yubukungu n’ubucuruzi muri Rumaniya cyangwa kugira ubumenyi ku bijyanye n’isoko ryayo rifite imbaraga.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Ubucuruzi bwa Rumaniya bushobora kuboneka hifashishijwe imbuga za leta zemewe n’ububiko mpuzamahanga. Hano hari amasoko yizewe yo gushakisha amakuru yubucuruzi bwa Romania: 1. Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare muri Rumaniya (INSSE) - Ikigo cy’ibarurishamibare cya Rumaniya gitanga imibare y’ubucuruzi ku rubuga rwayo. Urubuga: https://insse.ro/cms/en 2. Ubucuruzi bwa Komisiyo y’Uburayi Ifasha mu bucuruzi - Uru rubuga rutanga uburyo bwo kugera ku mibare y’ibihugu by’Uburayi biheruka gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga, harimo n’ibya Romania. Urubuga: https://trade.ec.europa.eu/ 3. International Trade Center (ITC) - ITC itanga portal yitwa "Ikarita y'Ubucuruzi" itanga imibare irambuye yubucuruzi ku bihugu byo ku isi, harimo na Romania. Urubuga: https://www.trademap.org/ 4. Banki y'Isi Ifungura Amakuru - Banki y'Isi itanga uburyo bwo kugera ku bipimo byinshi by'ubukungu, harimo amakuru y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu bihugu bitandukanye, harimo na Romania. Urubuga: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/isi-yiterambere-yerekana 5. Ububiko bw’umuryango w’abibumbye - Ububikoshingiro bufasha abakoresha gushakisha imibare y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga ku bicuruzwa bitangwa n’ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo. Harimo amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa biva muri Rumaniya. Urubuga: https://comtrade.un.org/ Izi mbuga zitanga amakuru yuzuye ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga bwa Rumaniya, nko kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze no gutumiza mu mahanga, ibyiciro by’ibicuruzwa, ibihugu by’abafatanyabikorwa, n’andi makuru ajyanye n’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi ku isi. Nibyiza gusura aya masoko yemewe kugirango ubone amakuru yukuri kandi agezweho yubucuruzi yerekeranye na Romania aho kwishingikiriza gusa kumurongo utemewe cyangwa uwundi muntu ufite ubwizerwe bushobora gutandukana

B2b

Hano muri Rumaniya hari urubuga rwa B2B rwinshi ruhuza ubucuruzi no koroshya ubucuruzi. Dore bimwe mubikunzwe: 1. Abanyarumaniya-Ubucuruzi.com: Uru rubuga rugamije kuzamura amasosiyete n'ibicuruzwa bya Rumaniya ku isi. Itanga ububiko bwurutonde rwubucuruzi mubice bitandukanye, byemerera B2B guhuza. Urubuga: www.romanian-ubucuruzi.com 2. Romaniatrade.net: Ihuriro rifasha abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bo muri Rumaniya guhuza nabaguzi mpuzamahanga no kwagura amasoko yabo kwisi yose. Itanga ibikoresho byo guhuza B2B, ubucuruzi buyobora, hamwe nubuyobozi bwubucuruzi. Urubuga: www.Romaniatrade.net 3. S.C.EUROPAGES ROMANIYA S.R.L.: Europage ni urubuga B2B ruyoboye ruhuza ubucuruzi buturuka mubihugu bitandukanye, harimo na Romania. Iyemerera ibigo kwerekana ibicuruzwa / serivisi, gushaka abafatanyabikorwa cyangwa abatanga isoko, no guteza imbere ubucuruzi mu mahanga. Urubuga: www.europages.ro 4. TradeKey Romania: TradeKey nisoko rya B2B kwisi yose ikubiyemo igice cyihariye kubucuruzi bwa Rumaniya. Yemerera abaguzi n’abagurisha guhuza, kuganira ku masezerano, no gucukumbura amasoko mashya muri Rumaniya cyangwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: romania.tradekey.com 5.WebDirectori.com.ro - Ububiko bwuzuye bwurubuga muri Rumaniya rugaragaza ubucuruzi butandukanye mu nganda zitandukanye mu gihugu. Urubuga: webdirectori.com.ro Izi ni ingero nke gusa za B2B zizwi cyane muri Rumaniya aho ubucuruzi bushobora gushaka ubufatanye bushya no kwagura ibikorwa byabwo haba mu gihugu ndetse no mumahanga binyuze mumiyoboro ya interineti.