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Amasoko Nkuru
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Incamake y'igihugu
Madagasikari, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Madagasikari, ni igihugu cyirwa giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Afurika. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 587.041, ni ikirwa cya kane kinini ku isi. Iki gihugu gituwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 26 kandi umurwa mukuru wacyo ni Antananarivo. Imiterere ya Madagasikari iratandukanye n'imisozi, amashyamba y'imvura, ubutayu, n'ibibaya byo ku nkombe. Ni murugo rwibinyabuzima byinshi bidasanzwe hamwe nurwego rwo hejuru rwibinyabuzima. Ibice birenga 90% byubwoko bwibinyabuzima nta handi biboneka kwisi. Harimo indimu, chameleone, nubwoko butandukanye bwinyoni. Ubukungu bushingiye cyane ku buhinzi hamwe na benshi bakora ubuhinzi butunzwe. Ibicuruzwa byingenzi byubuhinzi birimo vanilla (itanga umusaruro wambere ku isi), ibishyimbo bya kawa, karungu, ibisheke, numuceri. Byongeye kandi, hari amabuye y'agaciro akomeye nka grafite na chromite. N’ubwo umutungo kamere n’ubushobozi by’ubukerarugendo bitewe n’imiterere nyaburanga n’inyamanswa nka Parike y’Isalo na Tsingy de Bemaraha Ikigega nyaburanga; Madagasikari ihura n’ibibazo nk’ihungabana rya politiki ryagize ingaruka ku iterambere ry’ubukungu. Igifaransa kivugwa cyane kubera isano yamateka n’Ubufaransa mugihe cyabakoloni igihe cyari gikoloni cyabafaransa kuva 1897 kugeza kibonye ubwigenge mu 1960. Malagasi nayo ikora ururimi rwemewe. Imico ikungahaye kumuco igize igice cyingenzi muri societe ya Malagasi. Imiterere yumuziki gakondo nka hiragasy ikubiyemo imigani ya rubanda mugihe kubyina ikoresha injyana yinjyana iherekejwe nibikoresho nka valiha (imigano ya bamboo zither) cyangwa kabosy (gitari y'imigozi ine). Mu gusoza, Madagasikari yihagararaho kubera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rudasanzwe hamwe n’ibimera n’ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe bikurura abakunzi b’ibidukikije ku isi hose. Ahantu nyaburanga heza hamwe n’umurage gakondo ndangamuco bituma uhinduka ahantu hashimishije nubwo uhura n’ibibazo bifitanye isano n’ubukene ndetse n’imidugararo ya politiki.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Imiterere yifaranga muri Madagasikari irashimishije rwose. Ifaranga ryemewe rya Madagasikari ni Malagasy Ariary (MGA). Yasimbuye icyahoze ari ifaranga, Malagasy Franc, mu 2005. Ariary igabanyijemo ibice bito bizwi nka iraimbilanja. Kimwe mu bintu bigaragara muri sisitemu y’ifaranga muri Madagasikari ni uko ibiceri bidakoreshwa gake. Ahubwo, inoti zimpapuro zikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa. Hano hari amadini atandukanye yinoti ziboneka, harimo 100 Ariary, 200 Ariary, 500 Ariary, 1000 Ariary, 2000 Ariary, na 5,000 Ariary. Igipimo cy’ivunjisha rya Ariary ya Malagasi kirashobora guhinduka bitewe nimpamvu zitandukanye nkubukungu bwubukungu nubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ni ngombwa kubashyitsi cyangwa abantu bateganya kuvunja amafaranga kugirango bamenye iri hinduka mugihe bakorana namafaranga ya Madagasikani. Twabibutsa kandi ko hashobora kubaho imbogamizi zo kuvunja amafaranga ya Malagasi hanze ya Madagasikari ubwayo. Nibyiza rero ko abagenzi basura Madagasikari bategura ibyo bakeneye byamafaranga. Mu myaka yashize, hashyizweho ingufu na guverinoma n’ubuyobozi bw’amabanki mu rwego rwo kuzamura umutekano mu gihugu mu guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’ifaranga ry’ibanze no kugabanya gushingira ku mafaranga y’amahanga nk’amadolari y’Amerika cyangwa amayero mu bucuruzi. Muri rusange, gusobanukirwa n’ifaranga muri Madagasikari ni ingenzi cyane ku baturage ndetse n’abashyitsi kugira ngo bagende neza binyuze mu bikorwa by’imari kandi bafate ibyemezo byuzuye bishingiye ku miterere y’ubukungu bwifashe mu gihugu.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe muri Madagasikari ni Malagasy Ariary (MGA). Kubijyanye n’ivunjisha hamwe n’amafaranga akomeye ku isi, nyamuneka menya ko ashobora guhindagurika kandi ashobora guhinduka kenshi. Kubwibyo, birasabwa kugenzura ibiciro bigezweho mbere yo kuvunja amafaranga.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Madagasikari, igihugu cyiza kirwa giherereye ku nkombe z’iburasirazuba bwa Afurika, cyizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi ikomeye umwaka wose. Iyi minsi mikuru yashinze imizi mu murage gakondo w’igihugu kandi ni kimwe mu bigize imico n'imigenzo ya Madagasikari. Imwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye muri Madagasikari ni umunsi wubwigenge, wizihizwa ku ya 26 Kamena. Uyu munsi wibutse ubwigenge bwa Madagasikari ku butegetsi bwa gikoloni bw’Abafaransa, bwagezweho mu 1960. Muri ibyo birori harimo parade y'amabara menshi, imiziki gakondo n'imbyino gakondo, kwerekana imiriro, n'ibikorwa bitandukanye by’umuco byerekana amateka y’ubumwe n’ubumwe. Undi munsi mukuru uzwi cyane ni Famadihana cyangwa "Guhindura amagufwa." Bizihizwa n'abantu bo muri Malagasi mu gihe cy'itumba hagati ya Nyakanga na Nzeri (bitewe n'imigenzo yo mu karere), uyu muhango urimo gutaburura ibisigazwa by'abavandimwe bapfuye bava mu mva zabo kugira ngo babizingire mu bitambaro bishya byera mbere yo gushyingurwa. Byizerwa ko Famadihana ihuza abagize umuryango muzima na basekuruza mugihe biteza imbere ubwuzuzanye hagati yabasekuruza ndetse nabazaza. Guhinga umuceri bigira uruhare runini mu muco wa Madagasikari; bityo, iminsi mikuru myinshi y’amadini izenguruka kuri iki gihingwa cyibanze. Urugendo rwa Alahamady Be ruba muri Mutarama cyangwa Gashyantare kugirango dusabe imigisha yo gusarura umuceri neza. Abitabiriye amahugurwa bitwaza amaturo ku mva z'abasekuruza baho bambaye imyenda gakondo kandi basenga basaba imyaka myinshi. Byongeye kandi, umunsi wa Mpanjaka wubaha abakurambere b'abami bigeze gutegeka uturere dutandukanye twa Madagasikari. Muri iri serukiramuco ryizihizwa buri mwaka kuva mu 2005 ku ya 12 Ugushyingo ahitwa Ambohimanga UNESCO ndangamurage y’isi hafi ya Antananarivo (umurwa mukuru), imihango nkimyigaragambyo, imbyino gakondo nkibitaramo bya Hira Gasy bibaho hamwe n’ibikorwa by’amateka byo kwibuka abo bayobozi bakomeye. Ubwanyuma, Iserukiramuco rya Aboatry ryerekana icyubahiro Madagasikani yubaha ibidukikije mugihe bubaha indimu-intangangore z’icyorezo cy’igihugu - muri Gicurasi buri mwaka. Uturere tumwe na tumwe dukora parade zambaye imyenda ya lemur mu gihe zigaragaza akamaro ko kubungabunga ibidukikije kugira ngo zirinde izo nyamaswa ziri mu kaga ndetse n’aho ziba. . Muri rusange, iminsi mikuru y'amabara ya Madagasikari ikora nk'idirishya ry'imico gakondo n'imigenzo isobanura iki gihugu kidasanzwe. Buri munsi mukuru utanga ishusho idasanzwe mumateka yabaturage ba Malagasi, imyizerere yabo, nubusabane bwimbitse nubutaka bwabo.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Madagasikari ni igihugu kirwa giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Afurika. Ifite abaturage barenga miliyoni 27, ikungahaye ku mutungo kamere kandi ifite ubukungu butandukanye. Urwego rw’ubucuruzi rwa Madagasikari rufite uruhare runini mu bukungu bwarwo, rugira uruhare muri GDP ndetse no kubona akazi. Ibyoherezwa mu mahanga cyane birimo ibikomoka ku buhinzi nka kawa, vanilla, karungu, n'ibishyimbo bya kakao. Ibicuruzwa birashakishwa cyane kwisi yose. Mu myaka yashize, Madagasikari nayo yongereye umusaruro no kohereza mu mahanga imyenda n'imyenda. Inganda zidoda zitanga amahirwe yakazi kubakozi benshi ba Malagasi. Byongeye kandi, igihugu cyohereza amabuye y'agaciro nka nikel, cobalt, ilmenite, ubutare bwa chromite, ubutare bwa grafite bifite akamaro kanini mu nganda. Icyakora, ibintu nko guhungabana kwa politiki, ibikorwa remezo bidahwitse, no kugera ku masoko mpuzamahanga ntibyabujije iterambere ry’urwego rw’ubucuruzi rwa Madagasikari. Iki gihugu kandi gihura n’ibibazo biterwa no gutema ibiti mu buryo butemewe n’uburobyi butemewe n'amategeko bigira ingaruka mbi ku mutungo w’amashyamba. Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubucuruzi, guverinoma ya Madagasikari yashyize mu bikorwa ingamba nyinshi. Inzitizi z’amahoro zagabanutse kugira ngo byoroherezwe gutumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Politiki y’ubuhinzi igamije kunoza imikorere y’ubuhinzi, kugabanya igihombo nyuma y’isarura, no kongera ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa. Imishinga y’ibikorwa remezo irakomeje kunozwa. guhuza ubwikorezi mu gihugu. Gushyira mu bikorwa bisaba imbaraga z’inzego za Leta kimwe n’abikorera ku giti cyabo. Mu gusoza, Madagasikari ifite amahirwe menshi yo kuzamuka mu bukungu binyuze mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga.Ni ubwinshi bw’umutungo kamere, inganda zikomeye z’ubuhinzi, n’inganda zidoda imyenda itanga amahirwe y’ubucuruzi.Nyamara, inzitizi zimwe na zimwe zigomba gukemurwa nk’umutekano wa politiki, gucunga neza umutungo w’amashyamba. , no kunoza ibikorwa remezo, kugirango bikoreshe neza ubwo bushobozi. Guverinoma ikeneye kwibanda ku gushyira mu bikorwa politiki idateza imbere ubucuruzi gusa ahubwo inateza imbere iterambere rirambye ku baturage
Iterambere ryisoko
Madagasikari, igihugu cyirwa giherereye mu nyanja yUbuhinde, gifite imbaraga zidasanzwe zikoreshwa mu bijyanye n’iterambere ry’isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Ubwa mbere, Madagasikari ihiriwe n'umutungo kamere nk'amabuye y'agaciro, amabuye y'agaciro, n'ibikomoka ku buhinzi nka vanilla, karungu, n'ikawa. Ibikoresho bitanga amahirwe akomeye yo kohereza hanze kumasoko mpuzamahanga. Urusobe rw’ibidukikije mu gihugu rutanga kandi amahirwe yo guteza imbere ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku bidukikije ndetse n’ubuhinzi burambye. Byongeye kandi, Madagasikari yishimira amasezerano y’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu bitandukanye ndetse n’amashyirahamwe y’ubucuruzi nka Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika hakurikijwe itegeko nyafurika ryita ku majyambere n’amahirwe (AGOA), ritanga imisoro ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byoherezwa muri Madagasikari. Ibi bitanga inyungu zo guhatanira ibicuruzwa bya Malagasi muri aya masoko. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma ya Madagasikari yashyize mu bikorwa ivugurura kugira ngo ishoramari ry’amahanga ritezimbere ibikorwa remezo nk'ibyambu n'ibibuga by'indege. Ibi byongera umubano nisoko ryisi kandi bigabanya inzitizi zubucuruzi. Byongeye kandi, iterambere ryagiye rihinduka buhoro buhoro kuva mu 2014 igihe amatora ya demokarasi yabaga. Iyi miterere myiza ya politiki igira uruhare mu gushora imari mu bucuruzi mu gihugu. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, nubwo hari ibyiza, haracyari imbogamizi zigomba gukemurwa kugirango hafungurwe Madagasikari y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu mahanga. Muri byo harimo guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo mu gihugu ubwacyo ndetse no gukemura ibibazo bijyanye na bureucracy bishobora kubangamira inzira z’ubucuruzi neza. Kugenzura imikorere myiza y’imiyoborere birashobora kandi gufasha gukurura abashoramari benshi b’amahanga. Mu gusoza, Madagasikari ifite ibintu byinshi bifasha guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga harimo umutungo kamere mwinshi, amasezerano y’ubucuruzi y’ubukungu n’ubukungu bukomeye nka Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, imbaraga mu bikorwa remezo byiza, iterambere rya politiki, no gushyira mu bikorwa imiyoborere myiza.Nyamara gukemura ibibazo bikomeje ibibazo bizaba ngombwa.kugurura byimazeyo ubushobozi bwayo.Madagasikari ifite amahirwe menshi ariko ikeneye imbaraga zihoraho za guverinoma hamwe ninkunga ihamye ya politiki mugihugu. Mu gushora imari mu nzego z’ingenzi nk'ubuhinzi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, n'ubukerarugendo, Madagasikari irashobora kumenya ubushobozi bwayo budakoreshwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Kugirango tumenye ibicuruzwa bigurishwa mu isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga rya Madagasikari, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibintu byinshi. 1. Ibisabwa byaho: Kora ubushakashatsi ku isoko ryaho kandi wumve ibicuruzwa bikenewe cyane mubaguzi muri Madagasikari. Ibi birashobora gukorwa mugusesengura imigendekere yabaguzi, gukora ubushakashatsi, cyangwa kugisha inama amashyirahamwe yubucuruzi. 2. Ibyerekeye Umuco: Reba ibijyanye numuco wa Madagasikari muguhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa. Ibicuruzwa bihuza n'imigenzo y'igihugu, imigenzo, hamwe nibyo bikunda cyane byumvikana n'abaguzi. 3. Umutungo Kamere: Madagasikari izwiho kuba ibinyabuzima bitandukanye ndetse n'umutungo kamere udasanzwe nka vanilla, ibirungo, ibishyimbo bya kawa, amabuye y'agaciro, n'imyenda ikozwe mu bikoresho kavukire nka raffia cyangwa fibre sisal. Ibicuruzwa akenshi bifite ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze kubera umwihariko wabyo. 4. Ibikomoka ku buhinzi: Madagasikari ifite ibihe byiza by’ikirere kugira ngo umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi. Kubwibyo, kohereza ibicuruzwa mubuhinzi nkibishyimbo bya kawa, ibishyimbo bya cakao, karungu cyangwa imbuto zo mu turere dushyuha birashobora kubyara inyungu. 5 6. Imyenda n'imyenda: Imyenda gakondo ya Malagasi ikozwe mubikoresho bikomoka mu karere irashobora gukurura abaguzi bashaka imyenda y'amoko cyangwa imyenda yakozwe n'intoki ifite inkuru inyuma yabo. 7.Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga: Menya icyuho ku isoko aho ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bikunzwe ariko ntibiboneka henshi kubera ibibazo by’ibikoresho cyangwa kubura ubushobozi bwo gukora mu gihugu nkibikoresho bya elegitoroniki / ibikoresho bishobora gutanga amahirwe kubatumiza mu mahanga. 8.Gutunganya agaciro kongerewe agaciro: Kumenya ibikoresho fatizo bikorerwa mugace no kongerera agaciro binyuze mugutunganya birashobora gutanga inyungu kurenza abanywanyi; Kurugero - kohereza ibicuruzwa bya vanilla aho kuba ibishishwa bya vanilla gusa 9.Ibicuruzwa birambye / Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije- Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bigenda byiyongera ku isi yose; kuzamura ibicuruzwa byakozwe muburyo bwiza bishobora kubona igisubizo cyiza cyane cyane kubicuruzwa nkibirungo kama cyangwa ibiti byasaruwe neza. Ubwanyuma, gukora ubushakashatsi ku isoko, urebye ibyifuzo byaho ndetse nibyo ukunda, kubyaza umusaruro umutungo kamere, no kumenya ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe n’umuco bizafasha muguhitamo ibintu bikwiye kugurishwa ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga rya Madagasikari.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Madagasikari ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Afurika, kizwiho inyamaswa zidasanzwe zo mu gasozi, ubwiza nyaburanga, n'umuco ukomeye. Ku bijyanye no gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya muri Madagasikari, ingingo nyinshi zingenzi zigomba gusuzumwa. Imwe mu mico igaragara y'abakiriya muri Madagasikari ni ugushimangira cyane ku baturage n'indangagaciro z'umuryango. Isano yumuryango igira uruhare runini mubuzima bwa buri munsi, kandi ibyemezo bijyanye no kugura ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi akenshi birimo abagize umuryango benshi. Kubwibyo, kubaka umubano nabakiriya bigomba kuzirikana uruhare nuruhare rwimiryango yagutse. Ikindi kintu tugomba gusuzuma ni akamaro gahabwa imikoranire no kuramutsa. Muri Madagasikari, abantu baha agaciro ibiganiro imbona nkubone kandi bashima ibimenyetso byubupfura nko guhana ibiganza cyangwa gutanga indamutso isusurutsa iyo bakora ubucuruzi. Ibi biragaragaza icyifuzo cyabo cyo guhuza ibikorwa birenze ibikorwa byubucuruzi gusa. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa kumenya ko abakiriya muri Madagasikari baha agaciro gakomeye ibicuruzwa byiza ku giciro cyiza. Bakunda gushima ibicuruzwa biramba bishobora kwihanganira imikoreshereze isanzwe mugihe kinini kuruta guta ibintu cyangwa igihe gito. Kubijyanye na kirazira z'umuco cyangwa kirazira (禁忌) kwirinda mugihe uhura nabakiriya muri Madagasikari: 1. Irinde kuganira ku ngingo za politiki zoroshye: Politiki irashobora kuba ikibazo cyoroshye kuko ibiganiro bijyanye n'imiyoborere bishobora gutera ibitekerezo bitandukanye cyangwa amakimbirane ashobora kuba; kubwibyo, nibyiza kwirinda mugihe cyimikoranire. 2. Kubaha imigenzo gakondo: Gusobanukirwa imigenzo ya Malagasi nko gusuhuza gakondo (nko guhana intoki), kubaha ibitekerezo byabasaza mugihe cyo kuganira mumatsinda ubashyira imbere birashobora gufasha gukomeza umubano mwiza nabakiriya. 3. Witondere muganira ku idini: Iyobokamana rifite akamaro gakomeye kubantu benshi bo muri Malagasi; icyakora, ibiganiro byerekeye idini bigomba kwegerwa no kumva no kubahana. 4. Irinde gusuzugura imyizerere y'abakurambere: Imigenzo y'abakurambere yashinze imizi mu muco wa Malagasi; kubwibyo rero kubaha ibyo bizera bizagirira ikizere abakiriya bawe. 5.Garagaza ko wubaha ibidukikije: Kubungabunga ibidukikije bigira uruhare runini mu muco wa Madagasikari, kuko igihugu kizwiho ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe. Erekana kubaha ibidukikije kandi wirinde kwishora mubikorwa byangiza ibidukikije mugihe ukora ubucuruzi. Gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya no kwirinda kirazira z'umuco bizafasha guteza imbere umubano mwiza nabakiriya muri Madagasikari no kwemeza imikoranire myiza mubucuruzi.
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Madagasikari ni igihugu cyirwa giherereye ku nkombe y’amajyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Afurika, kizwiho ibinyabuzima bitandukanye ndetse n’imiterere itangaje. Niba uteganya gusura Madagasikari, ni ngombwa kumva imigenzo yabo n’amabwiriza y’abinjira. Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo ya Madagasikari yibanda ku kugenzura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu rwego rwo kurengera ibidukikije n'ubukungu bw'igihugu. Iyo ugeze ku cyambu icyo aricyo cyose cyinjira, abagenzi bagomba kwerekana ibyangombwa byinzira byemewe, harimo pasiporo hasigaye nibura amezi atandatu. Ibisabwa bya viza biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwenegihugu, bityo rero ni ngombwa kugenzura na ambasade ya Malagasi ikwegereye cyangwa ambasade mbere y'urugendo rwawe. Mugihe unyuze mubimukira, witegure kugenzura neza imizigo nabakozi ba gasutamo. Kugira ngo wirinde ibibazo bishobora kuvuka, irinde gutwara ibintu bifatwa nk'ibitemewe cyangwa bibujijwe muri Madagasikari nk'imbunda, ibiyobyabwenge, ibicuruzwa by’ibinyabuzima bigenda byangirika nk'amahembe y'inzovu cyangwa inyenzi, ibicuruzwa byiganano, na porunogarafiya. Igihugu gikurikiranira hafi ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano n’ibinyabuzima bitewe n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye. Noneho, shaka ibyangombwa byose bikenewe niba uteganya gutembera hamwe nibintu byibutse bikozwe mubikoresho bisanzwe cyangwa ibikomoka ku nyamaswa. Buri gihe ni byiza kugura ibintu kubacuruzi biyandikishije batanga ibicuruzwa byemewe n'amategeko yubahiriza amategeko yaho. Ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ko hari amategeko yihariye yerekeye kwinjiza amafaranga no kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Madagasikari. Abashyitsi barashobora kuzana amafaranga y’amahanga mu gihugu ariko basabwa n’amategeko gutangaza amafaranga arenga miliyoni 10 Ariary (hafi $ 2'500) ukihagera cyangwa ugenda. Twabibutsa ko ingamba zikomeye zo kubungabunga umutekano zihari kandi kuva Madagasikari ishaka kurinda urwego rw’ubuhinzi udukoko n'indwara. Menya ibintu bibujijwe nko gutema ibihingwa cyangwa imbuto mugihe winjiye cyangwa usohoka mugihugu. Kugirango winjire neza muri Madagasikari kandi wirinde ingorane iyo ari yo yose hamwe n’abashinzwe za gasutamo ku byambu byinjira nko ku bibuga by’indege cyangwa ku byambu ,, tekereza kumenyera aya mabwiriza mbere y’urugendo rwawe. Urubuga rwemewe rw’ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo ya Malagasi rushobora gutanga andi makuru yerekeye amabwiriza yihariye. bijyanye na buri bwoko bwibicuruzwa.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Madagasikari ni ikirwa giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Afurika. Igihugu gifite ubukungu butandukanye hamwe n'ubuhinzi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, n'imyenda bikaba inganda zikomeye. Ku bijyanye no gutumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa, Madagasikari ifite politiki y’imisoro yihariye. Madagasikari ikurikiza uburyo bwo gusoresha bushingiye ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga. Amahoro ashyirwa ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye byo kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu, kwinjiza leta amafaranga, no kugenzura ubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu. Igipimo cyibiciro kiratandukanye bitewe nicyiciro cyibicuruzwa. Amahoro yatumijwe muri Madagasikari ashyirwa mu byiciro bitatu: igipimo cy’ibiciro fatizo, igiciro cy’ibiciro ku bihugu Madagasikari ifite amasezerano y’ubucuruzi cyangwa umubano wihariye, hamwe n’imisoro yihariye ya gasutamo ishingiye ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe nk'inzoga cyangwa itabi. Igipimo fatizo cyibiciro kiri hagati ya 0% kugeza 30%, bitewe nubwoko bwibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Hano hari urutonde rwibicuruzwa bisonewe bitagengwa n’ibiciro byose nkibikoresho fatizo cyangwa ibikoresho byubutabazi. Igipimo cy’ibiciro gikoreshwa kireba ibihugu cyangwa amashyirahamwe y’ubucuruzi yasinyanye amasezerano cyangwa yashyizeho umubano w’ubucuruzi na Madagasikari. Iyi misoro yagabanijwe igamije guteza imbere ubufatanye mu bukungu hagati y’ibihugu no guteza imbere ubucuruzi. Amahoro yihariye ya gasutamo yakwa ku bicuruzwa runaka nk'ibinyobwa bisindisha n'ibicuruzwa by'itabi. Byongeye kandi, imisoro y’ibidukikije irashobora gushyirwaho kubintu bifite ingaruka mbi kubidukikije. Ni ngombwa ko ubucuruzi bwishora mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga na Madagasikari bwumva iyi politiki y’imisoro kuko ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku nyungu n’inyungu. Abatumiza mu mahanga bagomba kumenyera ibyiciro byibicuruzwa bikurikizwa hamwe n’igipimo cy’imisoro ijyanye mbere yo gukora ibikorwa byubucuruzi. Mu gusoza, Madagasikari ishyiraho imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga mu buryo bw’amahoro mu nzego zitandukanye bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye nk'icyiciro cy'ibicuruzwa n'imibanire y'ubucuruzi hagati y'ibihugu. Ishiraho ibiciro fatizo byamahoro kubicuruzwa byinshi bitumizwa mu mahanga ariko ikanatanga ibiciro byoroheje kubihugu bigira uruhare mumasezerano yihariye yubukungu. Byongeye kandi, amahoro yihariye ya gasutamo arashobora gukoreshwa kubicuruzwa bimwe hamwe n’imisoro y’ibidukikije igamije ibicuruzwa byangiza ibidukikije
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Madagasikari, nk'igihugu giherereye muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, ishyira mu bikorwa politiki y’imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Guverinoma ya Madagasikari yashyizeho uburyo bw’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga igamije kugenzura no guteza imbere ubukungu ndetse no kugabanya gushingira ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe. Muri rusange, Madagasikari itanga imisoro yohereza ibicuruzwa ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye ukurikije ibyiciro n'indangagaciro. Igihugu gishyira mu mahanga ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu nzego zitandukanye nk'ibikomoka ku buhinzi, uburobyi, amabuye y'agaciro, n'ibicuruzwa. Ku rwego rw'ubuhinzi, rurimo ibicuruzwa nk'ibishyimbo bya vanilla, karungu, ikawa, ibishyimbo bya kakao, n'ibirungo; Madagasikari ishyiraho imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga kuva kuri 5% kugeza kuri 20%, bitewe n'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa. Urwego rw'uburobyi rubona imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ingana na 2% kugeza 5%. Ibi birimo ibiryo byo mu nyanja nka shrimp hamwe nuzuza amafi. Kubijyanye namabuye y'agaciro nka nikel-cobalt yibanze cyangwa amabuye y'agaciro adatunganijwe arimo safiro na rubavu; amafaranga ateganijwe yubwami atangwa aho kuba umusoro wohereza hanze. Kubijyanye nibicuruzwa byakozwe nkimyenda cyangwa ubukorikori bikozwe mubutunzi bwaho; Madagasikari nta misoro yihariye yohereza mu mahanga. Icyakora indi mirimo cyangwa amabwiriza birashobora gukurikizwa hashingiwe kumasezerano yubucuruzi n’ibihugu bitumiza mu mahanga. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko igipimo cy’imisoro gishobora guhinduka na guverinoma bitewe n’ubukungu cyangwa intego z’ubuyobozi zashyizweho. Byongeye kandi, abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kubahiriza amategeko akurikizwa yerekeye uburyo bwo gutumiza gasutamo mugihe bohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Muri rusange, iyi politiki y’imisoro igamije guhuza ibikenewe mu gihugu mu gihe ishimangira iterambere rirambye mu nzego z’ingenzi z’ubukungu bwa Malagasi.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Madagasikari, igihugu cyirwa giherereye mu nyanja yu Buhinde ku nkombe y’amajyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Afurika, gifite ibyemezo byinshi byoherezwa mu mahanga bikenewe mu bucuruzi no kwemeza ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa. Kimwe mu byemezo bizwi cyane ni "Icyemezo cya Organic Certificate", cyemeza ko ibikomoka ku buhinzi byoherezwa muri Madagasikari byahinzwe bidakoreshejwe imiti yica udukoko cyangwa ifumbire. Iki cyemezo cyemeza ko ibicuruzwa nka vanilla, cakao, ikawa, hamwe n’amavuta yingenzi byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga. Ifasha guteza imbere ubuhinzi burambye no kurengera ubuzima bwabaguzi. Ikindi cyemezo cyingenzi ni "Impamyabumenyi ya Fairtrade." Iremeza ko ibicuruzwa nka vanilla, ikawa, ibishyimbo bya kakao, n'ibirungo bikorerwa mu bucuruzi bwiza. Amahame ya Fairtrade akubiyemo umushahara ukwiye ku bakozi, nta mirimo ikoreshwa abana cyangwa imirimo y'agahato, akazi keza, ndetse no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Iki cyemezo gifasha abahinzi bo muri Madagasikari kubona amasoko yisi yose muburyo bwubucuruzi bwiza. Byongeye kandi, "Icyemezo cy’imvura cy’amashyamba" cyibanda ku guteza imbere kubungabunga ibidukikije no kuramba mu buhinzi. Igenzura ko ibicuruzwa nkimbuto (urugero, lychee), umuceri (urugero, umuceri wa jasimine), icyayi (urugero, icyayi cyirabura), nibirungo byakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwangiza ibidukikije mugihe utera inkunga abaturage. Byongeye kandi, "UTZ Certificate" yemeza ubuhinzi bushinzwe ibihingwa bitandukanye nkibishyimbo bya kakao byujuje ubuziranenge n’ibidukikije. Iki cyemezo giteza imbere imikorere myiza yubuhinzi itanga umusaruro urambye hibandwa kuburyo bwiza bwo guhinga harimo no kugabanya imiti ikoreshwa. Ubwanyuma, "ISO 9001: 2015 Icyemezo" yemeza ko hubahirijwe amahame mpuzamahanga yo gucunga ubuziranenge mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo imyenda / inganda zikora imyenda aho imyenda ya Made-in-Madagasikari ishobora kuboneka. Izi mpamyabumenyi zoherezwa mu mahanga zigira uruhare runini mu kuzamura umusaruro w’ubuhinzi udasanzwe wa Madagasikari mu gihe ugaragaza ko wiyemeje intego z’iterambere rirambye. Zitanga icyizere cyoherezwa mu mahanga zizeza abaguzi ku isi hose ubuziranenge bwabo - bwaba umusaruro ukomoka ku binyabuzima cyangwa ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga mu gihe bifasha iterambere ry'ubukungu binyuze mu mahirwe y’ubucuruzi.
Basabwe ibikoresho
Madagasikari, izwi kandi ku izina rya "Ikirwa Gitukura," ni igihugu cyiza giherereye ku nkombe z’iburasirazuba bwa Afurika. Hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe hamwe n’ahantu nyaburanga bitangaje, Madagasikari yabaye ahantu nyaburanga h’abagenzi ku isi. Ariko, kubijyanye nibyifuzo bya logistique muri iki gihugu, hari ingingo nke zingenzi ugomba kuzirikana. Ubwa mbere, kubera akarere k’ahantu hitaruye hamwe n’ubutaka butoroshye, ibikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu muri Madagasikari birashobora kuba bitaratera imbere ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa gutegura ibikoresho byawe witonze kandi ugatekereza gukorana nabafatanyabikorwa baho bamenyereye akarere. Iyo kohereza ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibicuruzwa muri Madagasikari cyangwa biva muri rusange, ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere bifatwa nkuburyo bwiza cyane. Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Ivato hafi ya Antananarivo ni ihuriro rikuru ry’indege mpuzamahanga. Birasabwa ko ukorana n’amasosiyete akomeye yo kohereza ibicuruzwa bifite ibicuruzwa bikomeye muri Madagasikari kandi bishobora gukemura neza inzira za gasutamo. Ku bwikorezi bwimbere muri Madagasikari ubwabwo, imiyoboro yumuhanda irashobora kugarukira hanze yimijyi minini nka Antananarivo. Kubwibyo, guhitamo ibigo byamakamyo byizewe byimbere mu gihugu bifite uburambe bukorera muri utwo turere ningirakamaro mugutanga neza. Byongeye kandi, hamwe n’inyanja nini itanga ibyambu byinshi byinjira n’ibisohoka mu gihugu cyose kirwa (nka Port ya Toamasina), ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja nabwo burashobora kuba amahitamo meza bitewe n’ibikoresho byawe byihariye. Gufatanya numurongo woherejwe uzwi cyangwa guha akazi abakozi babimenyereye bumva amabwiriza yaho hamwe na gasutamo bizafasha gukora neza mubikorwa bijyanye nicyambu. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko mu gihe ibikorwa remezo by’ibikoresho bishobora kwerekana imbogamizi bitewe n’imiterere yihariye ya Madagasikari n’inzitizi kamere nkinzuzi n’imisozi; icyakora, mu gufatanya cyane nabafatanyabikorwa baho babizi bafite ubumenyi bwo gukemura ibyo bibazo byemeza ko igisubizo cyiza cyo gucunga amasoko muri iki gihugu. Byongeye kandi, gukomeza kumenya impinduka muri politiki yo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga harimo amahoro n’amabwiriza y’ubucuruzi bigomba kubarwa. Aya makuru arashobora gushakishwa mubigo bya leta bireba harimo ambasade cyangwa komisiyo zubucuruzi. Mu gusoza, iyo usuzumye ibyifuzo by’ibikoresho bya Madagasikari, ni ngombwa gutegura mbere, gukorana n’abafatanyabikorwa babimenyereye, no gusobanukirwa neza ibikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu mu gihugu. Nubikora, urashobora kwemeza neza uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga amasoko muri iki gihugu cyirwa gitangaje.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Madagasikari, igihugu cyirwa giherereye mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Afurika, gitanga inzira nyinshi z’amasoko mpuzamahanga n’amasoko y’ubucuruzi ku bucuruzi bushakisha uburyo bushya muri iki gihugu. 1. Abatumiza mu mahanga n'ababitanga: Madagasikari ifite abantu benshi batumiza mu mahanga n'abayitanga bagaburira inganda zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, imyenda, imashini, n'ibicuruzwa. Izi sosiyete zikora nkumuhuza hagati yabatanga amasoko mpuzamahanga nisoko ryaho, zitanga inzira yoroshye yo kugera kubakiriya. 2. Imurikagurisha ry’ubucuruzi: Igihugu cyakira ibicuruzwa byinshi byingenzi byerekana ubucuruzi bikurura abaguzi n’abagurisha mpuzamahanga baturutse mu nzego zitandukanye. Imurikagurisha rikuru ry’ubucuruzi ni "Foire Internationale de Madagasikari" (Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya Madagasikari), ryerekana ibicuruzwa byinshi biturutse mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga. 3. Urwego rw'ubuhinzi: Nk’ubukungu bushingiye ku buhinzi, Madagasikari itanga amahirwe akomeye ku masoko mpuzamahanga muri uru rwego. Abaguzi bashishikajwe n’ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi nkibishyimbo bya vanilla, ibishyimbo bya kakao, ibishyimbo bya kawa, itabi, ibirungo cyangwa amashyamba adasanzwe barashobora guhuza abahinzi baho cyangwa amakoperative binyuze mu bikorwa byihariye nka "Ubuhinzi bw’imurikagurisha." 4. Isoko ryubukorikori: Hamwe numurage gakondo wumuco uzwiho ubukorikori bwubukorikori nko kubaza ibiti, ibiseke, ubudozi, no gukora imitako; Isoko ry'ubukorikori bwa Madagasikari rikurura abaguzi bashaka ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe byakozwe n'intoki biva mu banyabukorikori baho. 5.Inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli: Inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli nizindi nzego zingenzi muri Madagasikari zitanga inyungu nyinshi z’ishoramari ry’amahanga. Imurikagurisha & Ihuriro ry’amavuta na gazi muri Afurika rihuza abahanga mu bya peteroli bagize uruhare mu bushakashatsi & umusaruro, imashini, ibikoresho, serivisi, n’ikoranabuhanga, kugira ngo berekane ibyabo ubuhanga & shakisha amahirwe mashya yubufatanye muri kimwe mubihugu bikomoka muri Afrika bikungahaye kuri peteroli. 6.Inganda zikoreshwa mu bucuruzi: Azwi ku isi yose kubera ubuhanga bw’imyenda yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, Madagasikari yitabira cyane imurikagurisha ry’imyenda ku isi hose.Ikindi kandi, ahakorerwa ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga (EPZ) biherereye hafi ya Antananarivo niho hari inganda nyinshi z’imyenda zitanga imyenda, imyenda, n'ibikoresho - gukora ita amahitamo yinjiza kubaguzi bashishikajwe no gushaka imyenda ya Malagasy. 7. Inganda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro: Madagasikari ifite umutungo kamere, harimo amabuye y'agaciro nka nikel, cobalt, grafite, na ilmenite. Kwitabira imurikagurisha n'imurikagurisha nka "Madagasikari Mining International Mining Conference & Exhibition" bitanga inzira ku baguzi mpuzamahanga kugira ngo bashakishe ubufatanye kandi kuganira kumasoko yamasoko murwego rwubucukuzi. 8.Urwego rw’ubukerarugendo: Ubwanyuma, ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe bya Madagasikari, parike y’igihugu, n’ibinyabuzima bituma habaho ahantu heza h’ibidukikije. Abaguzi bashishikajwe no gushaka ibicuruzwa bijyanye n’ingendo cyangwa gukorana n’ibigo by’ubukerarugendo barashobora kwitabira ibirori nka "Imurikagurisha ry’ubukerarugendo bwa Madagasikari" -urubuga ruhuza abatanga isoko, abakwirakwiza, & inzobere mu bukerarugendo ahantu hamwe. Mu gusoza, Madagasikari itanga inzira zitandukanye z’amasoko mpuzamahanga n’amasoko y’ubucuruzi mu nzego zitandukanye. Aya mahirwe ashoboza ubucuruzi guhuza nabatumiza mu mahanga, abatanga ibicuruzwa, abahinzi, abacukuzi, abanyabukorikori cyangwa abakora ingendo. Byaba binyuze mu imurikagurisha cyangwa ibikorwa byabigenewe bigamije inganda zihariye, igihugu gitanga amahirwe menshi kubaguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka imishinga mishya.
Madagasikari, ikirwa cya kane kinini ku isi kandi giherereye ku nkombe z’iburasirazuba bwa Afurika, gifite moteri zishakisha zizwi cyane zikoreshwa n’abaturage bacyo. Dore bike muribi hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Imashini ishakisha Madagasikari (MadaSearch): Iyi moteri ishakisha murugo yagenewe byumwihariko kubakoresha interineti ya Madagasikari. Itanga ibintu byaho, amakuru, amakuru kubyabaye mugihugu, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: www.madasearch.mg 2. Google Madagasikari: Igihangange ku isi Google ifite verisiyo yaho muri Madagasikari. Itanga uburyo bwo kugera ku rwego mpuzamahanga kimwe n’ibirimo mu gihugu. Urubuga: www.google.mg 3. Bing Madagasikari: Moteri ishakisha ya Microsoft Bing nayo ifite verisiyo yagenewe abanya Madagasikani gushakisha imbuga za interineti ndetse n’igihugu ku buryo bworoshye. Urubuga: www.bing.com/?cc=mg 4. Yahoo! Madagasikari (Yaninao): Urubuga mpuzamahanga rwa interineti Yahoo! itanga portal yihariye kubakoresha Malagasi yitwa "Yaninao." Abakoresha barashobora kubona serivisi zitandukanye nkamakuru, imeri, ivugurura ryikirere, amakuru yimari, nibindi byinshi binyuze kuriyi portal. Urubuga: mg.yahoo.com 5 Urubuga: duckduckgo.com Nyamuneka menya ko izi ari zimwe murimwe zikoreshwa cyane muri moteri zishakisha muri Madagasikari; abantu ku giti cyabo barashobora kugira ibyo bakunda bishingiye kubintu nkumuvuduko, kuboneka mu ndimi zaho cyangwa ibikenewe byihariye.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Madagasikari, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Madagasikari, ni igihugu kirwa giherereye ku nkombe z’iburasirazuba bwa Afurika. Hano hari bimwe mubyingenzi byingenzi byurupapuro rwumuhondo muri Madagasikari hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. URUPAPURO JAUNES MADAGASCAR - Ububiko bwa paji yumuhondo yemewe kubucuruzi muri Madagasikari. Urubuga: https://www.pj-malgache.com 2. YELLOPAGES.MG - Ububiko bwuzuye kumurongo butanga amakuru kubyiciro bitandukanye byubucuruzi muri Madagasikari. Urubuga: https://www.urubuga rwa interineti.mg 3. MADA-PUB.COM - Urubuga ruzwi cyane rwo kwamamaza kumurongo rutanga kandi ububiko bwubucuruzi kumirenge itandukanye muri Madagasikari. Urubuga: http://www.mada-pub.com 4. ANNUAIRE PROFESSIONNEL DE MADAGASCAR - Ububikoshingiro bwagutse bwerekana serivisi zumwuga nubucuruzi muri Madagasikari. Urubuga: http://madagopro.pagesperso-orange.fr/ 5. ALLYPO.COM/MG - Indi soko yizewe yo gushakisha ubucuruzi mu nganda zitandukanye muri Madagasikari. Urubuga: https://allypo.com/mg Ububiko burashobora gufasha mugihe ushakisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi byihariye mugihugu. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko mugihe izi mbuga zitanga urutonde rwinshi, ntabwo ubucuruzi bwose bushobora kubamo, bityo rero birasabwa buri gihe guhuza amakuru ukoresheje amasoko atandukanye no gukora ubushakashatsi bwiyongera niba bikenewe. Nyamuneka menya ko urubuga no kuboneka bishobora guhinduka mugihe; kubwibyo, nibyiza gushakisha amakuru agezweho kuriyi mbuga ukoresheje moteri zishakisha cyangwa gusura imbuga zabo mu buryo butaziguye.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Madagasikari ni igihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere giherereye mu nyanja y'Ubuhinde ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba bwa Afurika. Kugeza ubu, hari urubuga runini rwa e-ubucuruzi rukorera muri Madagasikari: 1. Jumia Madagasikari: Imwe mu mbuga za e-ubucuruzi zikomeye muri Afurika, Jumia ikorera mu bihugu byinshi birimo Madagasikari. Urubuga rwabo rwa Madagasikari ni www.jumia.mg. 2. Pikit Madagasikari: Uru rubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi rwaho rukora nk'isoko rya interineti aho abaguzi bashobora kugura ibicuruzwa bitandukanye birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho by'imyambarire, ibikoresho byo murugo, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga rwabo ni www.pikit.mg. 3. Aroh Kumurongo: Aroh Online itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi na serivisi kubakoresha hirya no hino muri Madagasikari. Batanga ibyiciro bitandukanye nka electronics, ibicuruzwa byo murugo, ibicuruzwa byubuzima, nibindi byinshi. Urashobora gusura urubuga rwabo kuri www.aroh.mg. 4. Ububiko bwa Telma Mora: Ububiko bwa Telma Mora ni iduka rya interineti rikoreshwa na Telma Telecom Company - umwe mu batanga itumanaho rikomeye muri Madagasikari. Batanga ibintu byinshi bya terefone zigendanwa, ibikoresho, ibikoresho, nibindi bikoresho bya digitale kurubuga rwabo kuri www.telma.mg/morastore. 5.Teloma Tshoppe: Urundi rubuga ruzwi cyane kuri interineti rutangwa na Telma Telecom Company ni Teloma Tshoppe aho abakiriya bashobora kugura terefone zigendanwa hamwe na serivisi zo kwishyura inguzanyo za terefone babinyujije kurubuga rwabo kuri http://tshoppe.telma.mg/. Izi ni zimwe mu mbuga za e-ubucuruzi zigaragara ziboneka muguhaha muri Madagasikari; icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko inganda zishobora guhinduka mugihe hamwe nabakinnyi bashya bifatanya cyangwa abasanzwe bahindura ingamba zubucuruzi.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Madagasikari, igihugu cyiza kirwa giherereye ku nkombe z’iburasirazuba bwa Afurika, gifite imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane zikoreshwa n’abaturage bacyo. Dore zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga muri Madagasikari n'imbuga zabyo: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com) - Facebook ni urubuga nkoranyambaga ruzwi cyane ku isi, harimo na Madagasikari. Iyemerera abakoresha guhuza inshuti nimiryango, gusangira ibishya, amafoto, na videwo, guhuza amatsinda nibikorwa. 2. Twitter (www.twitter.com) - Twitter ni urundi rubuga rukoreshwa cyane muri Madagasikari. Abakoresha barashobora kohereza ubutumwa bugufi bwitwa tweet, gukurikira tweet yabandi, kwishora mubiganiro ukoresheje hashtags (#), no gusangira amakuru cyangwa ibitekerezo. 3. Instagram (www.instagram.com) - Instagram ni urubuga rwo gufotora no gufata amashusho bikunzwe cyane mubantu ba Malagasi. Abakoresha barashobora kohereza amafoto cyangwa videwo yanditseho kimwe no gukurikira konti zabandi bakoresha kugirango babone imbaraga. 4. LinkedIn (www. 5. WhatsApp (www. 6. Telegaramu (www.telegram.org) - Telegramu itanga ibintu bisa na WhatsApp ariko itanga ibimenyetso byongeweho nkibanga ryibanga ryanyuma kugeza itumanaho kugirango itumanaho ryizewe. 7. YouTube (www. 8. Viber (www.viber.com) - Viber ni iyindi porogaramu yohereza ubutumwa izwiho uburyo bwo guhamagara ku buntu hamwe n'amahitamo yohererezanya ubutumwa aboneka haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko mugihe izi mbuga zishobora gukoreshwa muri Madagasikari; icyakora, gukundwa kwabo kurashobora gutandukana mumyaka itandukanye. Byongeye kandi, hashobora kuba hari izindi mbuga nkoranyambaga cyangwa nimbuga nkoranyambaga zihariye Madagasikari zitavuzwe hano.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Madagasikari ifite amashyirahamwe menshi y’inganda agira uruhare runini mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubukungu bw’igihugu. Ibikurikira nimwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Madagasikari hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Ihuriro ry’abikorera ku giti cyabo (FOP): FOP ni ishyirahamwe ry’ingenzi ryerekana inyungu z’abikorera no guteza imbere ubucuruzi muri Madagasikari. Urubuga rwabo ni: www.fop.mg 2. Urugereko rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda rwa Antananarivo (CCIA): CCIA yibanda ku gutera inkunga ubucuruzi muri Antananarivo, umurwa mukuru, itanga serivisi nk’inkunga mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi n’amahirwe yo guhuza ibikorwa. Sura urubuga rwabo kuri: www.ccianet.org 3. Ishyirahamwe ry’iterambere ry’inganda muri Madagasikari (ADIM): ADIM igamije guteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda yunganira politiki ifasha iterambere ry’inganda no gushishikariza ubufatanye hagati y’amasosiyete yo mu karere n’amahanga. Kubindi bisobanuro, sura: www.adim-mada.com 4. Ishyirahamwe ry’abatwara ibicuruzwa muri Malagasi (L'Association des Exportateurs Malgaches - AEM): AEM ihagarariye ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo ubuhinzi, imyenda, ubukorikori, n’amabuye y'agaciro mu gihe byorohereza ibikorwa bishingiye ku byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Madagasikari. Urubuga rwabo ni: www.aem.mg 5. Ihuriro ry’igihugu gishinzwe ubukerarugendo (Fédération Nationale des Opérateurs Touristiques - FNOTSI): FNOTSI ihuza abakora ingendo, ibigo by’ubukerarugendo, amahoteri, n’ubucuruzi bujyanye n’ubukerarugendo hibandwa ku guteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubukerarugendo burambye muri Madagasikari. Shakisha urubuga rwabo kuri: www.fnotsi-mada.tourismemada.com 6 7.Ikigega cy’ibinyabuzima cya Madagasikari （FOBI） ： FOBI ni uburyo bw’imari bugamije gutera inkunga imishinga n’ibikorwa bigira uruhare mu kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe bya Madagasikari. Urubuga rwabo ni: www.fondsbiodiversitemadagascar.org Izi nizo ngero nkeya zamashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Madagasikari. Buri shyirahamwe rifite uruhare runini mu kuzamura ubukungu, koroshya ubucuruzi, no guharanira inyungu z’inganda zabo.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Madagasikari ni igihugu giherereye muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba kandi kizwiho ibinyabuzima bitandukanye n'umutungo kamere. Ku bijyanye n'iterambere ry'ubukungu, Madagasikari ifite imbuga zitandukanye z'ubucuruzi zitanga amakuru ku bukungu bwacyo, amahirwe yo gushora imari, no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Dore zimwe mu mbuga za interineti zijyanye n'ubukungu n'ubucuruzi: Madagasikari: 1. Ikigo cya Malagasi gishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari (API): Urubuga rwa API rutanga amakuru kubyerekeye amahirwe yo gushora imari aboneka muri Madagasikari. Itanga kandi ubufasha kubashobora gushora imishinga yabo. Urubuga: http://www.investinmadagascar.com/ 2. Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’isoko: Urubuga rwemewe rwa Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’isoko rutanga amakuru kuri politiki y’ubucuruzi, uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, amabwiriza ya gasutamo, n’ibindi bintu bitandukanye bijyanye n’ubucuruzi. Urubuga: https://www.commerce.gov.mg/ 3. Ikigo gishinzwe gutunganya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga (EPZ): EPZ igamije gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga mu turere tw’inganda zitanga imisoro kandi ryorohereza inganda zishingiye ku byoherezwa mu mahanga. Urubuga: http://www.epz.mg/ 4. Urugereko rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda rwa Madagasikari (CCIM): CCIM iteza imbere ubukungu mu guteza imbere umubano w’ubucuruzi hagati y’amasosiyete y’ibanze ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: https://ccim.mg/ 5. Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare (INSTAT): INSTAT ikusanya kandi ikanatangaza amakuru y’ibarurishamibare yerekeranye n’imiterere y’abaturage mu gihugu, ibipimo by’ubukungu, imikorere y’ishoramari n'ibindi, bishobora kuba ingirakamaro mu gusesengura ubucuruzi. Urubuga: http://instat.mg/ 6. Kwohereza hanze.gov - Igitabo cy’ubucuruzi mu gihugu cya Madagasikari: Uru rubuga rutanga amakuru yuzuye ku mahirwe y’ubucuruzi muri Madagasikari harimo imirenge nk'ubuhinzi, ubukerarugendo, ingufu, ibikorwa remezo n'ibindi, hamwe no gukora umurongo ngenderwaho w'ubucuruzi. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko izi mbuga zishobora guhinduka cyangwa kuvugurura igihe; ni byiza rero kugenzura niba bahari mbere yo kubageraho. Nyamuneka uzirikane ko izi ari ingero nkeya ariko hashobora kuba hari izindi mbuga zubucuruzi zo mukarere cyangwa inganda zihariye muri Madagasikari zishobora kuba isoko yamakuru yubukungu nubucuruzi.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari urubuga rwinshi rwibibazo byubucuruzi biboneka kuri Madagasikari. Dore bike muri byo: 1. Ikarita y'Ubucuruzi: Uru rubuga rutanga imibare irambuye y’ubucuruzi n’amakuru yinjira ku isoko mu bihugu birenga 220, harimo na Madagasikari. Iyemerera abakoresha gushakisha amakuru yubucuruzi yihariye mugihugu, ibicuruzwa, cyangwa umufatanyabikorwa. Urubuga: https://www.trademap.org/ 2. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS): WITS itanga amakuru yuzuye kubyerekeranye n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’amahoro kuri Madagasikari no mu bindi bihugu. Iyemerera abakoresha gusesengura imigendekere yubucuruzi, igipimo cyibiciro, no gucukumbura amasoko ashobora kuba. Urubuga: https://wits.worldbank.org/ 3. Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubucuruzi (ITC): ITC itanga amakuru ajyanye n’ubucuruzi n’ubwenge bw’isoko kugira ngo bunganire ubucuruzi mu mishinga yabo yohereza mu mahanga. Urubuga rwabo rutanga uburyo bwo kubika amakuru atandukanye hamwe nibisobanuro birambuye byo gutumiza no kohereza hanze muri Madagasikari. Urubuga: http://www.intracen.org/ 4. Ububikoshingiro bw’umuryango w’abibumbye: Ububiko bw’umuryango w’abibumbye bukubiyemo imibare mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu bihugu birenga 200, harimo na Madagasikari. Abakoresha barashobora gushakisha ibicuruzwa byihariye cyangwa kureba imikorere yubucuruzi muri rusange. Urubuga: https://comtrade.un.org/data/ 5. Banki y'Isi Yuguruye Amakuru: Ihuriro ry’amakuru ya Banki y'Isi ritanga imibare yuzuye ku bintu bitandukanye by'iterambere ku isi, harimo n'ibipimo mpuzamahanga by'ubucuruzi ku bihugu bitandukanye nka Madagasikari. Urubuga: https://data.worldbank.org/ Nyamuneka menya ko zimwe mururu rubuga zishobora gusaba kwiyandikisha kubuntu cyangwa zifite aho zigarukira kugirango ubone amakuru arambuye utiyandikishije. Buri gihe birasabwa kugenzura ukuri nukuri kwamakuru yatanzwe kuriyi mbuga nkuko bakusanya amakuru aturuka ahantu hatandukanye.

B2b

Madagasikari, izwi ku izina rya "Umugabane wa munani," ni igihugu gitandukanye kandi gifite imbaraga giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Afurika. Nubwo bidashobora kumenyekana cyane kubikorwa bya B2B, hariho bike bigaragara byorohereza ubucuruzi nubucuruzi muri Madagasikari. Hano hari urubuga rwa B2B ruboneka muri Madagasikari hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Inyenyeri Yubucuruzi Afurika (SBA) - Urubuga: www.starbusinessafrica.com SBA ni urubuga rwa sisitemu ihuza ubucuruzi muri Afrika, harimo na Madagasikari. Itanga ububiko bwagutse bwibigo na serivisi, bigafasha imikoranire ya B2B nubufatanye. 2. Connectik - Urubuga: www.connectik.io Connectik ni urubuga rwa interineti rugamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi hagati yubucuruzi mu nzego zitandukanye. Iyemerera ibigo kwerekana ibicuruzwa / serivisi no guhuza abashobora kuba abafatanyabikorwa cyangwa abakiriya muri Madagasikari. 3. Byakozwe muri Madagasikara - Urubuga: www.madeinmadagasikara.com Byakozwe muri Madagasikara byibanda ku kuzamura ibicuruzwa byaho kuva Madagasikari kugera ku masoko yo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga binyuze kuri platform ya B2B. Ubucuruzi bushobora gushakisha amahirwe yo kubona ibicuruzwa byiza bya Malagasi nziza cyangwa guhuza nabatanga isoko. 4. E-Madagasikari - Urubuga: www.e-madagascar.com E-Madagasikari ni isoko rya interineti ryorohereza ubucuruzi mu gihugu mu guhuza abaguzi n’abagurisha baturutse mu nganda zitandukanye. Yerekana ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, byemerera ubucuruzi kugera kubantu benshi. 5. Kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze - Urubuga: www.exportportal.com Nubwo itibanda gusa kuri Madagasikari, Urubuga rwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze rutanga urubuga rwa B2B ku isi aho ubucuruzi bwa Malagasi bushobora gutondekanya ibicuruzwa / serivisi kubaguzi mpuzamahanga bashishikajwe no kubona ibicuruzwa mu gihugu. Nyamuneka menya ko mugihe izi mbuga zibaho mugihe cyo kwandika iki gisubizo, burigihe nibyiza gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse mbere yo kwishora kumurongo runaka wa B2B kugirango ubyemeze kandi bikwiranye nubucuruzi bwawe.
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