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Amasoko Nkuru
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Incamake y'igihugu
Ukraine, izwi ku izina rya Ukraine, ni igihugu cyigenga giherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba. Nicyo gihugu cya kabiri kinini mu Burayi nyuma y’Uburusiya. Ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 603.628, Ukraine igabana imbibi n’ibihugu birindwi birimo Biyelorusiya, Polonye, ​​Slowakiya, Hongiriya, Rumaniya, Moldaviya n'Uburusiya. Ukraine ituwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 44, Ukraine izwiho umurage utandukanye w’umuco ndetse n’amoko. Ururimi rwemewe ni Ukraine; icyakora, Ikirusiya nizindi ndimi nkeya nazo zivugwa nigice kinini cyabaturage. Kiev ni umurwa mukuru n'umujyi munini wa Ukraine. Nicyo kigo gikomeye cyinganda kandi gifite akamaro kamateka kubera ibitangaza byubatswe nka Cathedrale ya Saint Sophia na monasiteri ya Kyiv Pechersk Lavra. Ukraine ifite ubukungu buvanze burimo ubuhinzi, inganda zikora nkibyuma n’inganda zikora amamodoka. Igihugu gifite ubutaka bunini bwubuhinzi bukaba bumwe mubahereza ibicuruzwa hanze mu mahanga ku isi. Byongeye kandi, ifite umutungo kamere nkibigega byamakara bigira uruhare mubikorwa byingufu. Amateka n'umuco bikungahaye bya Ukraine birashobora kuboneka binyuze mungoro ndangamurage nyinshi zerekana ibihangano kuva kera kugeza aho ibihangano bigezweho. Ubuhanzi bwa rubanda nko kudoda n'imbyino gakondo nabyo ni bimwe mu bigize umuco wa Ukraine. Ariko, mu myaka yashize Ukraine yahuye n’imivurungano ya politiki kubera amakimbirane n’Uburusiya ku turere nka Crimea muri 2014; iki kibazo ntikirakemuka kugeza uyu munsi. Ukraine ikomeje umubano n’imiryango mpuzamahanga nk’umuryango w’abibumbye (UN), Umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi (WTO), Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) hamwe no kugirana ubufatanye n’ibihugu bituranye na gahunda z’ubufatanye mu karere. Mu gusoza Ukarine nigihugu gifite imbaraga gikubiyemo ibyiza nyaburanga kuva ku nkombe zitangaje zo ku nyanja yirabura kugeza ku misozi myiza ya Karipati. Nubwo ibibazo bikomeje muri politiki no mubukungu ariko abanya Ukraine bakomeje imbaraga zabo mugutezimbere mugihe bishimira umurage wabo gakondo
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Ukraine, igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwi Burasirazuba, gifite ifaranga ryacyo kizwi ku izina rya hryvnia yo muri Ukraine (UAH). Hryvnia yatangijwe mu 1996 nk'ifaranga ryemewe rya Ukraine nyuma y’iseswa ry’Abasoviyeti. Hryvnia igabanijwemo 100 kopiykas. Iza mu madini menshi harimo inoti ya 1, 2, 5,10, 20,50.100 hamwe n'ibiceri bya 1,2, 5 na kopiykas. Igipimo cy’ivunjisha rya hryvnia yo muri Ukraine kiratandukanye n’amafaranga mpuzamahanga. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kubera ihungabana ry’ubukungu n’ibintu bya politiki nko guhungabana kwa politiki cyangwa umubano mpuzamahanga n’ibihugu bituranye n’Uburusiya; igipimo cy'ivunjisha gishobora guhinduka cyane mugihe runaka. Guhana amafaranga cyangwa kubona hryvnias yo muri Ukraine mugihe usuye Ukraine cyangwa ukora ubucuruzi mubihugu bishobora gukorwa binyuze mumabanki yemewe cyangwa ibiro by’ivunjisha byemewe (bizwi nka "obmin valiuty" muri Ukraine). Nibyiza ko abashyitsi bakoresha imiyoboro yemewe yo kuvunja amafaranga kugirango birinde uburiganya cyangwa inoti mpimbano. Byongeye kandi, amakarita yinguzanyo azwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga arashobora gukoreshwa kuri ATM hirya no hino muri Ukraine mugikorwa cyo kubikuza amafaranga. Muri rusange, hryvnia yo muri Ukraine ikora nk'uburyo bwo kwishyura ibicuruzwa na serivisi muri Ukraine. Nubwo ishobora guhura n’imihindagurikire bitewe n’ubukungu n’ubukungu bwa politiki, iracyari ingenzi muri gahunda y’imari ya Ukraine.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe rya Ukraine ni hryvnia yo muri Ukraine (UAH). Kubijyanye n’ivunjisha hamwe n’amafaranga akomeye ku isi, dore indangagaciro zigereranijwe (bitewe nimpinduka): 1 USD (Amadorari y'Amerika) = 27 UAH 1 EUR (Euro) = 32 UAH 1 GBP (Pound yo mu Bwongereza) = 36 UAH 1 CAD (Amadolari y'Abanyakanada) = 22 UAH Nyamuneka menya ko ibi bipimo bigereranijwe kandi birashobora gutandukana.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ukraine, igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwi Burasirazuba, cyizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi ikomeye y'igihugu umwaka wose. Iyi minsi mikuru yashinze imizi mu mateka akungahaye mu gihugu, umuco, n'imigenzo. Kimwe mu bintu byingenzi ni umunsi wubwigenge ku ya 24 Kanama. Uyu munsi mukuru wibukije Ukraine yatangaje ubwigenge bw’Abasoviyeti mu 1991. Uyu munsi urangwa n’ibirori bitandukanye birimo parade, ibitaramo, imiriro, n’imurikagurisha ndangamuco. Undi munsi mukuru ni umunsi w’itegeko nshinga, wizihizwa ku ya 28 Kamena. Uyu munsi mukuru wubahiriza itegeko nshinga rya Ukraine mu 1996. Abanya Ukraine bitabira ibirori rusange n’ibikorwa biteza imbere kumenya uburenganzira bwabo n’inshingano z’itegeko nshinga nk’abenegihugu. Pasika ikomeje kuba umunsi mukuru w’amadini ku Banya Ukraine biganjemo abayoboke ba kiliziya ya orotodogisi ya Ukraine. Ibirori ntabwo bifite itariki yagenwe ariko mubisanzwe bigwa hagati ya Werurwe na Mata ukurikira kalendari ya Julian. Abantu bitabira ibikorwa byitorero, bitabira gushushanya amagi gakondo ya pasika azwi nka "pysanka," kandi bakishora mubirori biryoshye hamwe nimiryango ninshuti. Umunsi wa Vyshyvanka ufite akamaro kanini kubanya Ukraine kuko wizihiza imyenda yabo gakondo idoda yitwa vyshyvanka. Bizihizwa buri mwaka ku wa kane wa gatatu Gicurasi kuva 2006, uyu munsi urashishikariza abantu kwambara vyshyvankas kugirango berekane ishema ryabo n’umurage. Mugihe cya Noheri (7 Mutarama hashingiwe kuri kalendari ya Julian), abanya Ukraine bizihiza imigenzo ya gatolika na orotodogisi hamwe n’amadini azwi ku izina rya "Praznyk." Karoli ku nzu n'inzu ihuza abaturage mugihe bishimira amafunguro gakondo nka kutia (ibinyampeke biryoshye) cyangwa borscht (isupu ya beterave). Izi ni zimwe mu ngero z'iminsi mikuru itazibagirana yo muri Ukraine igaragaza amateka yayo akungahaye, imico itandukanye y'umurage mu turere twa Ukraine ubwayo ikabagira igice cy'ingenzi mu biranga Ukraine
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Ukraine ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwi Burasirazuba kandi gifite ubukungu butandukanye bwibanda ku buhinzi, inganda, na serivisi. Imiterere y’ubucuruzi mu gihugu yahuye n’ibibazo mu myaka yashize ariko inatanga amahirwe. Muri Ukraine ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga birimo ibikomoka ku buhinzi nk'ingano, amavuta y'izuba, imboga, imbuto, n'inyama. Iki gihugu kizwi ku izina rya "umutsima w’Uburayi" kubera ubutaka bwera cyane n’ubushobozi bw’ubuhinzi butanga umusaruro. Ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bigira uruhare runini mu bucuruzi bwa Ukraine. Usibye ubuhinzi, Ukraine nayo yohereza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye mu nganda birimo imashini n'ibikoresho, ibyuma n'ibicuruzwa (ubutare bw'icyuma, ibyuma), imiti (ifumbire), imyenda, n'imyambaro. Inganda zo muri Ukraine zagize uruhare runini mu rwego rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga. Ukraine yishingikiriza cyane ku bucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu kugira ngo ubukungu bwiyongere. Abafatanyabikorwa bayo bakomeye mu bucuruzi ni Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), Uburusiya, Ubushinwa, Turukiya, Ubuhinde, Misiri n'ibindi. Ubucuruzi n’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bwiyongereye kuva hashyirwa mu bikorwa amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu mu 2016. Aya masezerano yakuyeho inzitizi z’amahoro hagati ya Ukraine n’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bituma isoko ryaguka ku mpande zombi. Icyakora, twakagombye kumenya ko amakimbirane ya politiki n’Uburusiya yagize ingaruka ku bucuruzi bwa Ukraine. Nyuma y’Uburusiya bwigaruriye Crimea mu 2014 n’amakimbirane yabereye mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine kuva icyo gihe byahungabanije umubano w’ubukungu usanzwe hagati y’ibihugu byombi bigira ingaruka mbi ku bucuruzi bw’ibihugu byombi. Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke no gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga mu iterambere rirambye ry’iterambere ry’ubukungu nko guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo cyangwa imishinga y’ingufu zishobora kuba impinduka mu rwego rwo kuzamura ubufatanye mpuzamahanga. Muri rusange nubwo hari ibibazo byugarije ubukungu bwa Ukraine biherutse gutera intambwe igaragara mu kunoza umubano w’ubucuruzi mu turere dutera amahirwe mashya agira uruhare mu kurushaho kwinjiza amasoko ku isi.
Iterambere ryisoko
Ukraine, iherereye mu Burayi bwi Burasirazuba, ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Igihugu gifite umutungo utandukanye w’umutungo kamere, abakozi bafite ubumenyi, hamwe n’imiterere y’imiterere. Imwe mu mbaraga zikomeye za Ukraine ni urwego rw’ubuhinzi. Igihugu gifite ubutaka bunini burumbuka bukwiye guhingwa kandi mu mateka buzwi ku izina rya "umutsima w’Uburayi." Ukraine ni kimwe mu bihugu bitanga umusaruro mwinshi kandi byohereza mu mahanga ingano, harimo ingano n'ibigori. Ibi biratanga amahirwe menshi kubufatanye mpuzamahanga mubucuruzi kugirango bahaze ibiribwa ku isi. Byongeye kandi, Ukraine ifite ubutunzi bukomeye nk'amabuye y'agaciro, amakara, na gaze gasanzwe. Aya masoko ashyigikira inganda z’ibyuma by’igihugu, bigatuma iba imwe mu zikora ibyuma byambere ku isi. Urwego nk'urwo rutera imbere rutuma Ukraine igirana amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku isi no gutanga ibikoresho fatizo mu nganda zitandukanye. Byongeye kandi, Ukraine ifite abaturage bize cyane bafite ubumenyi bukomeye mu nganda nka serivisi za IT n’inganda zo mu kirere. Igihugu kandi cyungukira ku giciro cy’umurimo uhendutse ugereranije n’ibihugu byateye imbere. Izi ngingo zikurura ishoramari ryamasosiyete mpuzamahanga ashaka serivisi zohereza hanze cyangwa gushinga ibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, aho Ukraine iherereye mu masangano hagati y’Uburayi na Aziya itanga inzira nziza zo gutwara abantu mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ikora nk'irembo hagati y’amasoko y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’ibihugu byo muri Aziya yo hagati nk’Ubushinwa na Kazakisitani binyuze mu miyoboro ya gari ya moshi yateye imbere. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, nubwo bishoboka, ibibazo byinshi bigomba gukemurwa kugirango iterambere ry’isoko ry’amahanga rigende neza muri Ukraine. Ihungabana rya politiki rikomeje kugira ingaruka ku myumvire y’ubucuruzi mu bashoramari mu gihe ruswa ibangamira irushanwa ryiza. Kunoza ibyo bintu bizaba ingenzi mu gukurura ishoramari mu gihugu. Mu gusoza, Ukraine ifite amahirwe menshi mu iterambere ry’isoko ry’ubucuruzi n’amahanga kubera imbaraga z’ubuhinzi nk’ibicuruzwa byohereza mu mahanga ibinyampeke n’umutungo kamere utandukanye ushyigikira inganda zitandukanye nka metallurgie. Byongeye kandi, abakozi bize neza bafite ubumenyi muri serivisi za IT batanga amahirwe yo gukorana hanze mugihe inyungu za geografiya zongera inzira zinyura zihuza uturere dutandukanye kwisi. N’ubwo hari ibibazo nk’imidugararo ya politiki n’impungenge za ruswa zigomba gukemurwa buri gihe guteza imbere ubucuruzi bizorohereza iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Ukraine mu gihe kirekire.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Ukraine, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibyiza by’igihugu ndetse n’ibisabwa n'abaguzi. Nkubukungu bugenda bwiyongera kandi bugenda bwiyongera, Ukraine itanga amahirwe menshi kubucuruzi bushaka kwagura isoko ryabo. Ubwa mbere, ibikomoka ku buhinzi birashakishwa cyane muri Ukraine kubera ubutaka bwayo bwiza n’ikirere cyiza. Ibinyampeke nk'ingano, ibigori, na sayiri birakenewe cyane haba mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, imbuto (pome, imbuto) n'imboga (ibirayi, igitunguru) nibyingenzi mumirire ya Ukraine. Icya kabiri, urebye inganda za Ukraine n’inganda n’abakozi bafite ubumenyi, imashini n’ibikoresho nabyo bizwi cyane mu mahanga. Imashini zijyanye n'ubuhinzi (traktor, abasaruzi), ubwubatsi (excavator), umusaruro w'ingufu (generator), hamwe nibikoresho byubuvuzi birashobora kugurishwa. Icya gatatu, ibicuruzwa byabaguzi nka elegitoroniki (telefone zigendanwa & ibikoresho), ibikoresho byo murugo (firigo & TV), imyambaro ninkweto byinkweto bifite icyifuzo gikomeye mubanya Ukraine bashaka ibicuruzwa byiza kubiciro bidahenze. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa bivugururwa bijyanye n’ingufu bifite imbaraga nyinshi bitewe n’uko Ukraine yiyemeje iterambere rirambye. Imirasire y'izuba / turbine y'umuyaga / ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu bishobora kuba uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Byongeye kandi, hamwe no kwiyongera kwisi kwisi mumyaka yashize - e-ubucuruzi nabwo bwiyongereye. Gutanga rero ibintu bishimishije nka cosmetike / ibicuruzwa byubwiza / inyongera zubuzima kumurongo bishobora gukanda muriki gice cyabaguzi bakunda uburambe bwo guhaha. Ntabwo ari ngombwa kumenya gusa ibyiciro by’ibicuruzwa ahubwo tunasobanukirwe n’amabwiriza y’ibanze yerekeranye n’ibipimo bitumizwa mu mahanga cyangwa ibisabwa n'amategeko bijyanye no kugurisha ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe ku isoko rya Ukraine. Mu gusoza: Ibicuruzwa byubuhinzi nkibinyampeke n'imbuto; imashini & ibikoresho; ibicuruzwa byabaguzi nka electronics & ibikoresho byo murugo; ibintu bishobora kongera ingufu bijyanye ningufu; e-ubucuruzi butangwa harimo kwisiga / ibicuruzwa byubwiza byose bitanga amahitamo meza muguhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye kumasoko yubucuruzi bwa Ukraine. Nubwo bimeze bityo - ubushakashatsi bwibanze kubyerekeye amabwiriza / amategeko ni ngombwa nanone.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Ukraine, iherereye mu Burayi bwi Burasirazuba, ifite ibiranga abakiriya byihariye na kirazira z'umuco. Gusobanukirwa niyi ngingo ni ngombwa kugirango imikoranire myiza igerweho mu gihugu. Ibiranga abakiriya: 1. Ishingiye ku mibanire: Abanya Ukraine baha agaciro umubano bwite no kwizerana mugihe bakora ubucuruzi. Kubaka rapport ikomeye ishingiye kubwubahane ni ngombwa. 2. Ikinyabupfura no kwakira abashyitsi: Abakiriya bo muri Ukraine bashima imyitwarire yubupfura, nko gusuhuza ukuboko gukomeye no gukoresha amazina yemewe (urugero, Bwana / Madamu / Dr.) Kugeza igihe batumiwe gukoresha amazina yambere. 3. Kumenya agaciro: Abanya-Ukraine ni abakiriya bumva ibiciro bakunze kugereranya ibiciro mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyubuguzi. 4. Kubaha imigenzo: Abakiriya ba Ukraine basanzwe baha agaciro umurage wabo gakondo n'imigenzo gakondo, bishobora kugira ingaruka kubyo bagura. 5. Guhindura igihe: Abanya Ukraine barashobora kugira imyifatire yisanzuye kubijyanye no kubahiriza igihe kandi ntibashobora kubahiriza byimazeyo gahunda cyangwa igihe ntarengwa. Kirazira z'umuco: 1. Kunegura Ukraine cyangwa umuco wacyo: Ni ngombwa kwirinda gutanga amagambo asebanya ku gihugu cyangwa kuri gasutamo mu gihe akorana n’abakiriya ba Ukraine. 2. Kutubaha imyizerere ishingiye ku idini: Ukraine ifite imigenzo itandukanye y'idini, harimo n'ubukristo bwa orotodogisi bwiganje. Kugaragaza kutubaha imyizerere ishingiye ku idini birashobora gutera impagarara cyangwa kubabaza abakiriya. 3. Kwirengagiza indamutso yimihango: Abanya Ukraine bafite indamutso yihariye mubihe bitandukanye, cyane cyane mugihe cyibiruhuko cyangwa kwizihiza umuryango nkubukwe cyangwa gushyingura. Kwemera izo ndamutso byerekana kubaha umuco wabo. 4.Ibiganiro bya politiki: Irinde kuganira ku ngingo za politiki zoroshye zijyanye n'amateka ya Ukraine nk'igihe cy'Abasoviyeti; nibyiza gukuraho politiki burundu keretse utumiwe neza nabakiriya. Muri rusange, gukomeza ubunyamwuga, gushiraho umubano bwite ushingiye ku kwizerana, no kwerekana ko ushimira imigenzo ya Ukraine nibintu byingenzi mugihe ukorana nabakiriya ba Ukraine. Kumenya kirazira z'umuco bizatuma itumanaho ryiyubashye riteza imbere umubano mwiza na bagenzi bawe bo muri Ukraine
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Ukraine ifite gahunda ihamye ya gasutamo no kugenzura imipaka kugira ngo abantu n'ibicuruzwa bigenda neza mu gihugu no hanze yacyo. Ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe imari (SFS) gishinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza ya gasutamo no kugenzura umutekano ku mipaka. Iyo binjiye muri Ukraine, abagenzi bagomba kwerekana pasiporo yemewe hasigaye nibura amezi atandatu yemewe. Byongeye kandi, abenegihugu bamwe bashobora gusaba viza bitewe n'ubwenegihugu bwabo. Birasabwa kugenzura na ambasade ya Ukraine cyangwa konsuline mbere yo gukora ingendo. Ku bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa, hari ibibujijwe ku bishobora kuzanwa muri Ukraine. Ibintu nkibiyobyabwenge, intwaro, ibisasu, nibicuruzwa byiganano birabujijwe rwose. Ibintu bimwe birashobora kandi gusaba uruhushya rwihariye cyangwa ibyangombwa byo gutumiza hanze. Imenyekanisha rya gasutamo ni itegeko mugihe uzanye amafaranga arenga 10,000 Euro cyangwa ahwanye nayo. Birasabwa gutanga ibyemezo nyabyo kugirango wirinde ibihano cyangwa gutinda kumupaka. Ku mipaka, muri rusange uzakorerwa igenzura ry’abinjira n'abasohoka aho pasiporo yawe izasuzumwa kandi igashyirwaho kashe. Imizigo irashobora gukorerwa igenzurwa n’ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo hagamijwe umutekano. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ruswa yabaye ikibazo muri gahunda ya gasutamo ya Ukraine mu bihe byashize; icyakora, hashyizweho ingufu n’ubuyobozi kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gukorera mu mucyo no kugenzura. Kugirango ubone uburambe bunoze mugihe unyuze muri gasutamo ya Ukraine: 1. Menyera ibisabwa byurugendo ruheruka biva mubutegetsi mbere yurugendo rwawe. 2. Kugira ibyangombwa byose byiteguye kugenzurwa. 3. Menyesha ibintu byose bifite agaciro neza. 4.Witegure inzitizi zishoboka zururimi mugira amakuru yingenzi yahinduwe muri Ukraine cyangwa Ikirusiya. 5.Wihangane mugihe cyo kugenzura abinjira nkuko ibihe byo gutegereza bishobora gutandukana. Ukurikije aya mabwiriza kandi ukurikiza amabwiriza ya gasutamo ya Ukraine, urashobora kunyura kumupaka wigihugu neza mugihe wubaha amategeko numuco wacyo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Ukraine, nkigihugu cyigenga, ifite politiki y’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo igenzure ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga. Gahunda y’imisoro itumizwa mu gihugu igamije kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu, kuringaniza igihombo cy’ubucuruzi no kwinjiza leta amafaranga. Hano hari ingingo z'ingenzi zerekeye imisoro yatumijwe muri Ukraine: 1. Ibicuruzwa byinshi bitumizwa mu mahanga byinjira muri Ukraine bitangirwa amahoro ya gasutamo hashingiwe ku byiciro byabo hakurikijwe ibyiciro bya Ukraine byinjira mu bikorwa by’ubukungu bw’amahanga. 2. Ibiciro byibanze bikunze gukoreshwa mumasezerano atandukanye yubucuruzi bwigenga Ukraine yasinyanye nibindi bihugu. Amasezerano nkaya agabanya cyangwa akuraho imisoro ya gasutamo kubicuruzwa byihariye bitumizwa mu bihugu by’abafatanyabikorwa. 3. Umubare w'amahoro yatumijwe mu mahanga usanzwe ushingiye ku gaciro ka gasutamo cyangwa ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, hiyongereyeho amafaranga yose yo gutwara abantu n'ubwishingizi ajyanye no kubazana muri Ukraine. 4. Ibintu bimwe bishobora gusonerwa burundu imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga iyo biri mubyiciro byihariye bifatwa nkibyingenzi muguteza imbere igihugu cyangwa bifatwa nkibikenewe mubikorwa byubutabazi. 5. Ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byubuhinzi nubutunzi bishobora kugira igiciro cyinshi cyashyizweho nkigikorwa cyo kurinda abahinzi bo murugo. 6. Imisoro yinyongera nkumusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) hamwe n’imisoro ku musoro irashobora kandi gukoreshwa bitewe nubwoko bwibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. 7. Abatumiza mu mahanga bashobora guhura n’amafaranga y’ubuyobozi ajyanye n’uburyo bwo gukuraho gasutamo, ibyangombwa bisabwa, ubugenzuzi, n’ubundi buryo bw’ubuyobozi ku byambu by’inyanja no ku mipaka y’ubutaka. 8. Guverinoma ya Ukraine igenda ivugurura gahunda y’ibiciro binyuze mu mpinduka z’amategeko zigamije guhuza amasezerano mpuzamahanga cyangwa gukemura intego z’ubukungu nko gutera inkunga inganda zaho cyangwa kugenzura ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga mu gihe cy’amafaranga. Nyamuneka menya ko aya makuru atanga ishusho rusange ya politiki yimisoro yatumijwe muri Ukraine; Ibisobanuro birambuye kubyerekeye ibicuruzwa kugiti cyawe urashobora kuboneka ukoresheje gahunda yemewe yatangajwe na Serivisi za gasutamo ya Ukraine cyangwa kugisha inama amasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa kabuhariwe mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga.
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Ukraine, igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwi Burasirazuba, gifite politiki y’imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Sisitemu y’imisoro igamije kwemeza irushanwa ryiza no kuzamura ubukungu. Dore ibintu by'ingenzi bigize politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga muri Ukraine: 1. Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA): Ibicuruzwa byinshi biva muri Ukraine bisonewe TVA. Ibi bivuze ko abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze batagomba kwishyura uyu musoro ku byaguzwe ku bicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze. 2. Umusoro ku nyungu rusange: Abashora ibicuruzwa muri Ukraine batangirwa umusoro ungana wa 18%. Iki gipimo kireba inyungu ziva mu kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. 3. Umusoro wa gasutamo: Ukraine yashyizeho amahoro ya gasutamo ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byinjira mu gihugu, harimo n'ibigenewe gukoreshwa mu gihugu cyangwa inganda. Nyamara, ibicuruzwa byinshi bigenewe kohereza hanze cyangwa kongera kohereza hanze muri rusange bisonewe amahoro ya gasutamo. 4. Imisoro ku musoro: Ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe nk'inzoga, itabi, na lisansi bishobora gutangirwa imisoro ku musoro mbere yo koherezwa muri Ukraine. Iyi misoro iratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko n'ubunini bw'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze. 5. Agace kihariye k’ubukungu (SEZ): Ukraine itanga uturere twihariye tw’ubukungu dufite imisoro myiza ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigamije kuzamura ishoramari ry’amahanga no kuzamura ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. 6. Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu (FTA): Mu rwego rw’ingamba z’ubucuruzi zo hanze, Ukraine yagiranye amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu n’ibihugu bitandukanye n’umuryango w’akarere nka Kanada, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), Turukiya, ndetse vuba aha n’Ubwongereza nyuma ya Brexit igihe cyinzibacyuho kirangira muri 2020.Ibyo bifasha abinjira muri Ukraine bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kungukirwa nigiciro cyagabanijwe cyangwa zero-mugihe cyohereza ibicuruzwa byabo kumasoko yabyo. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko politiki y’imisoro ishobora guhinduka mugihe bitewe nubukungu bwifashe nabi cyangwa ibyemezo bya leta bigamije gushimangira ibikorwa byubucuruzi mubice bimwe na bimwe byo muri Ukraine.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Ukraine, iherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba, izwiho ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byoherezwa mu mahanga. Igihugu cyashyize mu bikorwa ingamba zikomeye zo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge kandi byubahirizwe. Ubuyobozi bukuru bushinzwe ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Ukraine ni serivisi ya Leta ya Ukraine ishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa no kurengera abaguzi (SSUFSCP). Iki kigo kigenzura kandi kigenzura ibipimo by’umutekano w’ibiribwa, kimwe no gutanga ibyemezo by’ibikomoka ku buhinzi. Ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, abahinzi bo muri Ukraine bagomba kubahiriza ibisabwa byashyizweho n’imiryango mpuzamahanga y’ubuziranenge nk’umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubuziranenge (ISO) cyangwa Codex Alimentarius. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bikubiyemo ahantu nka sisitemu yo gucunga ibiribwa, imikorere yisuku, ibisabwa byanditse, hamwe nibishobora gukurikiranwa. Kugirango ubone icyemezo cyo kohereza hanze muri SSUFSCP, abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba gutanga inyandiko zirambuye kubicuruzwa bisobanurwa, uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, ibikoresho byo gupakira byakoreshejwe, hamwe nandi makuru yose afatika. Ibikoresho by'isosiyete birashobora kandi kugenzurwa kugirango hubahirizwe amabwiriza yashyizweho. Byongeye kandi, ibyiciro byibicuruzwa byihariye birashobora gusaba ibyemezo byinyongera. Urugero: 1. Ibicuruzwa kama: Niba kohereza ibicuruzwa kama nkibinyampeke cyangwa imboga munsi yikirango cyangwa ibyemezo (urugero, USDA Organic), amasosiyete yo muri Ukraine agomba kubahiriza amategeko ngengamikorere y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. 2. Ibicuruzwa bitagira GMO: Ibihugu bimwe bisaba ibimenyetso byerekana ko ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bidakomoka ku binyabuzima byahinduwe (GMO). Abakora ibicuruzwa barashobora kubona icyemezo cya GMO kidafite laboratoire yigenga yemewe n’ibihugu bitumiza mu mahanga. 3. Ibikomoka ku nyamaswa: Kohereza mu mahanga inyama cyangwa ibikomoka ku mata bisaba kubahiriza ibisabwa by’isuku n’amatungo byashyizweho n’ubuyobozi bw’ibihugu bitumiza mu mahanga. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko buri gihugu kigana gishobora kugira amabwiriza yacyo yo gutumiza mu mahanga n'ibisabwa kugira ngo yemeze ibicuruzwa byihariye. Niyo mpamvu, ari byiza ko abinjira muri Ukraine bohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bakora ubushakashatsi bunoze ku masoko agamije mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa. Muri rusange, Ukraine yibanda cyane ku byemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byayo byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga kandi bigumane izina ryiza ku masoko y'isi.
Basabwe ibikoresho
Ukraine, iherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba, ni igihugu gifite inganda zikomeye kandi ziteza imbere inganda. Hamwe na stratégies ya geografiya hamwe nuyoboro uhuza abantu, Ukraine itanga amahitamo menshi ya serivisi nziza kandi yizewe. 1. Ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja: Ukraine ifite ibyambu bikomeye birimo Odessa, Yuzhny, na Mariupol ku nkombe z'Inyanja Yirabura. Ibyo byambu bitanga serivisi nziza zo gutwara ibicuruzwa mu nyanja kubikorwa byo gutumiza no kohereza hanze. Bakora ubwoko butandukanye bwimizigo, harimo kohereza ibicuruzwa, gutwara imizigo myinshi, hamwe na serivisi ya Ro-Ro (kuzunguruka / kuzunguruka). 2. Ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi: Ukraine ifite umuyoboro mugari wa gari ya moshi uyihuza n'ibihugu bitandukanye by'i Burayi nka Polonye, ​​Slowakiya, Hongiriya, Uburusiya, Biyelorusiya, n'ibindi. Ukrzaliznytsia nisosiyete yigihugu ya gari ya moshi itanga inzira zizewe zo gutwara gari ya moshi zo gutwara ibicuruzwa neza mugihugu cyose. 3. Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere: Kubyohereza igihe cyangwa ibikenerwa byo gutwara abantu kure, gutwara ibicuruzwa ni amahitamo meza muri Ukraine. Iki gihugu gifite ibibuga by’indege mpuzamahanga nka Boryspil International Airport (KBP) i Kyiv na Odesa International Airport (ODS) bitanga serivisi zuzuye zikorera mu kirere zihuza imigi minini ku isi. 4. Ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda: Sisitemu yo gutwara abantu mu muhanda igira uruhare runini mu nganda zikoreshwa muri Ukraine kubera umuyoboro mugari wa kilometero zirenga 169. Amasosiyete atwara amakamyo atanga ibisubizo ku nzu n'inzu muri Ukraine ndetse no gutwara imipaka ku bihugu bituranye nka Polonye cyangwa Rumaniya. 5. Ibikoresho byububiko: Gushyigikira uburyo bunoze bwo gucunga amasoko mu mbibi z’igihugu cyangwa ibicuruzwa byacururizwaga ku rwego mpuzamahanga binyura ku butaka bwa Ukraine berekeza aho bijya ahandi - hari ibikoresho byinshi bigezweho biboneka mu mijyi minini nka Kyiv, Lviv, Kharkiv itanga ibisubizo byububiko bwizewe mbere yo kugabura. 6. Serivisi ishinzwe gukuraho gasutamo: Iyo ukorana n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bujyanye n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga cyangwa ibyoherezwa mu mahanga biva muri / muri Ukraine byemewe na gasutamo biba ngombwa. Igihugu cyashyizeho uburyo bunoze bwa gasutamo hifashishijwe uburyo bwa elegitoronike ndetse n’uburyo bworoshye bwo gutanga ibyangombwa kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka. 7. Abatanga ibikoresho bya gatatu (3PL) Abatanga: Ukraine ifite isoko ryiyongera kubatanga serivisi zindi zitanga ibikoresho, bitanga ibisubizo bikomatanyije bikubiyemo ubwikorezi, ububiko, na serivisi zo gukwirakwiza. Aba 3PL batanga ubuhanga mugucunga urunigi neza mugihe bakoresha ubumenyi nubutunzi bwabo kugirango batange ibisubizo byabigenewe. Mu gusoza, Ukraine itanga serivisi zitandukanye z’ibikoresho birimo ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja, ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi, ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere, ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda, ibikoresho byo mu bubiko ndetse na serivisi zemerera ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo binyuze ku byambu byoroshye ndetse n’umuyoboro mugari wo gutwara abantu. Hatewe inkunga nabatanga ubunararibonye bwa 3PL baboneka ku isoko-Ukraine yerekana ko ari amahitamo meza kubucuruzi bushakisha ibisubizo byizewe kandi byiza muburayi bwiburasirazuba.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Ukraine, nkigihugu mu Burayi bwi Burasirazuba, ifite inzira zitandukanye zingenzi ziterambere ry’abaguzi n’iterambere n’imurikagurisha bibera urubuga rw’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi. Iyi miyoboro n’imurikagurisha bifasha ibigo kwerekana ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi, gushiraho umubano nabashobora kugura, gushakisha amahirwe yisoko, no kwagura ibikorwa byabo. Dore bimwe mubigaragara: 1. Gahunda y’abaguzi mpuzamahanga: Ukraine igira uruhare rugaragara muri gahunda mpuzamahanga y’abaguzi yateguwe na Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi muri Amerika. Iyi gahunda yorohereza guhuza ubucuruzi hagati yamasosiyete yo muri Ukraine n’abaguzi b’abanyamerika binyuze mu imurikagurisha ritandukanye ryabereye muri Amerika. 2. Inama y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi na Ukraine: Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’umufatanyabikorwa w’ubucuruzi wa Ukraine. Inama y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi na Ukraine iteza imbere ubufatanye bw’ubukungu hagati y’impande zombi mu gutegura ibikorwa bihuza ubucuruzi buturutse mu turere twombi kugira ngo baganire ku mahirwe y’ubucuruzi. 3. Inshingano z’ubucuruzi muri Ukraine: Inshingano z’ubucuruzi za Ukraine zateguwe n’inzego za leta mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga no gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga mu bukungu bwa Ukraine. Muri ubwo butumwa harimo inama n'abashobora kugura, kwerekana amahirwe yo gushora imari, ihuriro ry'ubucuruzi, n'ibindi. 4.Ibiro byamamaza byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze (EPO): EPO ikora kwisi yose kugirango izamure ibicuruzwa bya Ukraine mumahanga no koroshya umubano nabaguzi mpuzamahanga. Kurugero, Ibiro bishinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa muri Ukraine buri gihe bitegura inama zohereza ibicuruzwa hanze aho ubucuruzi bushobora guhura nabafatanyabikorwa b’amahanga. 5.Urugaga rw’Ubucuruzi rwo muri Ukraine: Urugaga rw’Ubucuruzi rwo muri Ukraine rukora nk’agaciro gakomeye ku masosiyete ashaka abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga mu gutanga amasoko. Batanga ibikorwa byurusobekerane nkamahugurwa, amahugurwa, guhura nabaguzi-bagurisha bahuza ubucuruzi bwaho nu murongo wo gutanga isoko. 6.Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi: Ukraine yakiriye imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rizwi cyane mu mwaka wose mu nganda nk’ubuhinzi (AgroAnimalShow), ubwubatsi (InterBuildExpo), ingufu (Power Engineering for Industry), IT & tekinoloji (Lviv IT Arena), nibindi, Ibi, Ibi imurikagurisha rikurura abaguzi bo mu gihugu ndetse n’abanyamahanga bashaka ibicuruzwa cyangwa ubufatanye. 7.UCRAA Imurikagurisha Ryerekana: UCRAA Imurikagurisha ryerekanwa ni imurikagurisha ngarukamwaka ryibanda ku kwerekana ibicuruzwa bya Ukraine ku baguzi mpuzamahanga. Ihuza abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze nabatumiza mu nganda zitandukanye, bitanga urubuga rwibiganiro byubucuruzi, amasezerano, nubufatanye. 8.Ukraine-Expo: Ukraine-Expo ni urubuga rwa interineti ruhuza ibicuruzwa bya Ukraine n'abaguzi b'abanyamahanga. Ikora nk'isoko ryukuri aho ubucuruzi bushobora kwerekana ibicuruzwa / serivisi no kwishora muburyo butaziguye nabakiriya mpuzamahanga. 9.Ambassadorial Council Council: Inama yubucuruzi ya Ambasaderiya ya Ukraine ikora nkikiraro hagati yabaguzi b’abanyamahanga n’abaproducer baho bategura ibirori biteza imbere umubano w’ubucuruzi. Ibi birori birimo inama zabaguzi-bagurisha, inama zihariye zinganda, hamwe ninama yo guhuza. 10.Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’ubukungu: Ukraine yakiriye amahuriro y’ubukungu mpuzamahanga nk’ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’ubukungu rya Kyiv (KIEF) n’inama y’ingamba z’uburayi (YES). Izi mbuga zihuza abafata ibyemezo, abayobozi mu bucuruzi, impuguke mu mirenge, n’abashoramari baturutse hirya no hino ku isi kugira ngo baganire ku iterambere ry’ubukungu muri Ukraine. Iyi miyoboro n’imurikagurisha bigira uruhare runini mu gutandukanya isoko ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bya Ukraine bikurura abafatanyabikorwa mu gutanga amasoko ku isi mu nzego zitandukanye. Bagira uruhare runini mu kuzamura umubano w’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu ndetse banatanga amahirwe ku bucuruzi bwo muri Ukraine bwo kugera ku masoko mpuzamahanga yagutse.
Hariho moteri nyinshi zishakisha zizwi muri Ukraine zikunze gukoreshwa nabenegihugu. Dore bike muri byo: 1. Google Ukraine (www.google.com.ua): Google niyo moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane kwisi yose, ndetse no muri Ukraine. Itanga serivisi zitandukanye hamwe nibisubizo byubushakashatsi bikoreshwa kubakoresha interineti ya Ukraine. 2. Yandex (www.yandex.ua): Yandex ni isosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga mu Burusiya ikora imwe mu moteri nini zo gushakisha mu Burusiya no mu bindi bihugu by’Uburayi bw’iburasirazuba, harimo na Ukraine. 3. Meta.ua (www.meta.ua): Meta.ua numuyoboro wurubuga rwa Ukraine urimo ibiranga moteri yishakisha. Itanga ibyiciro bitandukanye byo gushakisha amakuru, nkamakuru, ikirere, ikarita, nibindi. 4. Rambler (nova.rambler.ru): Rambler ni indi moteri ishakisha ururimi rw'ikirusiya ikorera abakoresha Ukraine kimwe n'ibindi bihugu bivuga Ikirusiya. 5. ukr.net. 6. Bing Ukraine (www.bing.com/?cc=ua): Bing ifite kandi verisiyo yihariye kubakoresha Ukraine aho bashobora gukora ubushakashatsi no kubona izindi serivisi za Microsoft nka imeri namakuru. Izindi moteri zishakisha zizwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga nka Yahoo zifite umubare muto w’abakoresha muri Ukraine ugereranije n’izo twavuze haruguru ariko ziracyagerwaho n’abanya Ukraine babakunda kurusha abanywanyi baho. Wibuke guhora ukoresha ubwitonzi mugihe ushakisha kurubuga urwo arirwo rwose cyangwa urubuga utamenyereye kandi uzirikane ibikorwa byiza byumutekano wa interineti mugihe ushakisha amasoko kumurongo uturuka mubihugu cyangwa akarere.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Muri Ukraine, hari impapuro nyinshi zumuhondo zishobora gutanga amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye ubucuruzi na serivisi zitandukanye. Dore bimwe mubisobanuro byingenzi byurupapuro rwumuhondo mugihugu hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Urupapuro rwumuhondo Ukraine - Ubu bubiko bwa interineti butanga urutonde rwuzuye rwubucuruzi mu nganda zitandukanye muri Ukraine. Urubuga rutanga uburyo bwo gushakisha kugirango ubone ibigo byihariye, amakuru yabo, nibisobanuro byurubuga. Urubuga: https://www.urubuga.ua/en 2. Ububiko bwohereza ibicuruzwa muri Ukraine - Uru rubuga rwibanda ku kuzamura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bya Ukraine kandi rutanga ububiko bw’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu nzego zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, imashini, imiti, imyenda, n'ibindi. Harimo imyirondoro yisosiyete ifite ibisobanuro birambuye. Urubuga: http://ukrexport.gov.ua/en/ 3. Ishirahamwe rya enterineti rya Ukraine (AUIA) Ubucuruzi - AUIA nimwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye ya enterineti muri Ukraine kandi itanga igitabo cyubucuruzi kirimo amasosiyete aturuka mu turere dutandukanye mu nganda nyinshi. Ububiko bukubiyemo imyirondoro irambuye yisosiyete ifite amakuru yingenzi kubicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi zitangwa na buri shyirahamwe. Urubuga: http://directory.auiab.org/ 4. iBaza.com. Abakoresha barashobora gushakisha ibigo byihariye ukoresheje ijambo ryibanze cyangwa gushakisha mubyiciro bitandukanye kugirango ubone ubucuruzi bufite akamaro. Urubuga: https://ibaza.com.ua/en/ 5. UkRCatalog.com - Ubu bubiko bwerekana amasosiyete akorera muri Ukraine mu nganda zinyuranye nk'abatanga ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, abatanga serivisi zemewe n'amategeko ibigo byubuvuzi nibindi biranga imyirondoro irambuye yisosiyete harimo aho iherereye ku ikarita ya google kugirango byoroshye kugenda. Urubuga: http: //www.ukrcatalog.com Ipaji yumuhondo ububiko butanga ibikoresho byingenzi byo gufasha abantu nubucuruzi kumenya amakuru kubyerekeye ibicuruzwa, serivisi, n’imiryango bashobora kuba bashaka mu isoko rya Ukraine. Nyamuneka menya ko imbuga zimwe zishobora kugira amahitamo yinyongera yo kwiyandikisha kugirango ugere kumakuru yagutse cyangwa ibintu byateye imbere birenze urutonde rwibanze. Buri gihe birasabwa kugenzura ukuri nukuri kwubucuruzi binyuze mubushakashatsi bwimbitse mbere yo kwishora mubikorwa byose.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Ukraine ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwi Burasirazuba gifite isoko rya e-ubucuruzi ryiyongera. Dore bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi muri Ukraine, hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Prom.ua: Prom.ua nimwe murubuga runini rwa e-ubucuruzi muri Ukraine, rutanga ibicuruzwa byinshi biva mubyiciro bitandukanye nka electronics, imideri, ibikoresho byo murugo, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: https://prom.ua/ 2. Rozetka.com.ua: Rozetka nandi masoko azwi cyane kumurongo uzwi cyane mubyuma bya elegitoroniki nibikoresho byo murugo. Irimo kandi ibicuruzwa biva mubindi byiciro nkimyambarire, ubwiza, ibikoresho bya siporo, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: https://rozetka.com.ua/ 3. Citrus. Batanga kandi serivisi zo gutanga muri Ukraine. Urubuga: https://www.citrus.ua/ 4. Allo: Allo ni urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi rwo muri Ukraine ruyoboye cyane cyane ruzobereye muri terefone zigendanwa hamwe nibindi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki n'ibikoresho. Urubuga: http://allo.com/ua 5. Foxtrot: Foxtrot yibanda cyane cyane kugurisha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nka mudasobwa & ibikoresho, mudasobwa zigendanwa, imashini zikina imikino, ibikoresho byo mu rugo n'ibindi. Gusa nkandi masoko acuruza ibicuruzwa bitanga ibicuruzwa mu gihugu hose. Urubuga: https: //www.bt.rozetka.com.ru/ 6. Bigl. Urubuga: https: //bigl.ua/ Nyamuneka menya ko urutonde rurimo zimwe mu mbuga za e-ubucuruzi zizwi cyane muri Ukraine; icyakora hashobora kubaho nabandi bitewe nurwego rwibicuruzwa byihariye cyangwa amasoko meza mubucuruzi rusange bwigihugu mugihugu.Guhitamo ibyo bizwi bizagufasha cyane kubona amahirwe yo kubona ibyo ushaka mugihe ugura kumurongo muri Ukraine.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Ukraine ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba, kandi kimwe n'ibindi bihugu byinshi, gifite imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane. Dore zimwe mu mbuga za interineti zizwi cyane zikoreshwa muri Ukraine: 1. VKontakte (https://vk.com/): Azwi nka "Facebook y'Uburusiya," VKontakte ntabwo ikoreshwa cyane muri Ukraine gusa no mu bindi bihugu bivuga Ikirusiya. Abakoresha barashobora gukora imyirondoro, gusangira ibishya, guhuza amatsinda, no guhuza inshuti. 2. Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/): Nka rumwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga za mbere ku isi, Facebook ifite umwanya ukomeye muri Ukraine. Iyemerera abakoresha guhuza inshuti nimiryango, gukora paji nitsinda ryinyungu, no gusangira ibiri muri multimediya. 3. Odnoklassniki (https://ok.ru/): Odnoklassniki isobanura "Abanyeshuri bigana" mucyongereza kandi irazwi cyane mubakoresha ukraine bakongera guhura nabanyeshuri bigana cyangwa abo bigana. Urubuga rutanga ibintu bisa nibiboneka kuri VKontakte. 4. Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/): Urubuga rwo gusangira amafoto rukoreshwa cyane ku isi, Instagram imaze kumenyekana cyane muri Ukraine. Abakoresha barashobora gushiraho amafoto na videwo kumwirondoro wabo cyangwa inkuru mugihe bakurikira abandi kugirango bahumeke cyangwa imyidagaduro. 5. Telegaramu (https://telegram.org/): Telegramu ni porogaramu yohereza ubutumwa bushingiye ku gicu itanga imiyoboro y'itumanaho itekanye binyuze mu butumwa bwabitswe no guhamagara amajwi. Yamamaye cyane kubera ibanga ryayo hamwe nimiyoboro rusange rusange kubwinyungu zitandukanye. 6 hamwe namahitamo yo guhamagara 7.TikTok (https://www.tiktok.com/en/): TikTok yamenyekanye cyane mu rubyiruko rwo muri Ukraine kubera gusangira amashusho magufi hamwe n'ibibazo by'imbyino, indirimbo, firime n'ibindi. Nyamuneka menya ko iyi porogaramu idakoreshwa gusa muri Ukraine kandi ifite ibyiciro bitandukanye byo gukundwa mubyiciro bitandukanye n'uturere mugihugu.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Ukraine, nk'igihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, ifite amashyirahamwe akomeye y'inganda agira uruhare runini mu guhagararira no gutera inkunga inzego zitandukanye z'ubukungu. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda za Ukraine hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Ukraine (UNCCI) - Yashinzwe mu 1963, UNCCI n’umuryango ukomeye uteza imbere ubucuruzi n’ubukungu mpuzamahanga muri Ukraine. Batanga serivisi zunganira ubucuruzi, bategura ubutumwa bwubucuruzi, kandi borohereza ubufatanye. Urubuga: https://uccii.org/en/ 2. Ishyirahamwe rya Ukraine ryinzobere mu mutungo utimukanwa (UARS) - UARS n’ishyirahamwe rikuru ry’inzobere mu mitungo itimukanwa muri Ukraine. Bibanda ku guteza imbere imikorere yubucuruzi bwimyitwarire, guteza imbere ubuhanga, hamwe n amahirwe yo guhuza urwego rwimitungo itimukanwa. Urubuga: http://ua.rs.ua/en/ 3. Urugereko rw’ubucuruzi muri Amerika muri Ukraine (AmCham) - AmCham ihagarariye amasosiyete yombi y'Abanyamerika akorera muri Ukraine ndetse n’ubucuruzi bwaho bufitanye isano na Amerika. Ikora mu guteza imbere ikirere cy’ishoramari, guteza imbere politiki y’ipiganwa ryiza, no kuzamura ubukungu. Urubuga: https://www.chamber.ua/en/ 4. Ukraine Agribusiness Club (UCAB) - UCAB ihuza ibigo bikomeye byubuhinzi bikorera muri Ukraine kugirango biteze imbere ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi birambye kandi bihagararire inyungu mu nganda mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga. Urupapuro rwitangiriro: https://ucab.ua/en 5.Ishyirahamwe rya Ukraine ry’abakora ibikoresho byo mu nzu (UAMF) - UAMF yibanda ku guteza imbere urwego rukora ibikoresho byo mu nzu ikora ubushakashatsi ku isoko n’ibikorwa byongera amahirwe yo kohereza ibicuruzwa ku banyamuryango bayo. Urubuga: http://www.uamf.com.ua/eng.html

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Hariho imbuga nyinshi zubukungu nubucuruzi kuri Ukraine. Dore bike muribi hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Minisiteri y’iterambere ry’ubukungu, ubucuruzi n’ubuhinzi: Uru ni urubuga rwemewe rwa minisiteri ya guverinoma ya Ukraine ishinzwe iterambere ry’ubukungu, ubucuruzi n’ubuhinzi. Urubuga: https://www.me.gov.ua/ 2. Serivisi ishinzwe imari ya Leta ya Ukraine: Ikigo cy’imari cya Leta gishinzwe imisoro n’ibikorwa bya gasutamo muri Ukraine. Urubuga: https://sfs.gov.ua/en/ 3. Ibiro bishinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga muri Ukraine: Uyu muryango ugamije guteza imbere ibyoherezwa muri Ukraine ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: https://epo.org.ua/en/urugo 4. Ibiro bishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari "UkraineInvest": Ibiro bifasha gukurura ishoramari ritaziguye ry’amahanga muri Ukraine ritanga amakuru ku mahirwe yo gushora imari mu nzego zitandukanye. Urubuga: https://ukraineinvest.com/ 5. Urugereko rw’Ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Ukraine (CCIU): CCIU ni umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta ushyigikira ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi binyuze muri serivisi nko guhuza imishinga, guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, no gushyigikira ubukemurampaka. Urubuga: http://ucci.org.ua/?lang=en 6. Ishyirahamwe ryohereza ibicuruzwa hanze muri Ukraine (EAU): EAU ni ishyirahamwe ryerekana inyungu z’abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Ukraine mu nzego zitandukanye. Urubuga: http: //www.apu.com.ua/eng/ Uru rubuga rushobora gutanga amakuru yingirakamaro kubintu bitandukanye bijyanye nubukungu nubucuruzi muri Ukraine nka politiki, amabwiriza, amahirwe yo gushora imari, uburyo bwo gusoresha, ingamba zo guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, serivisi zihuza ubucuruzi, umubano wingenzi nibindi. Nyamuneka menya ko burigihe bisabwa kugenzura amakuru aturuka ahantu henshi cyangwa kuvugana nimiryango ibishinzwe mbere yo gufata ibyemezo byubucuruzi cyangwa kwishingikiriza gusa kubitangwa. Twizere ko ibi bifasha!

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Ukraine ifite imbuga nyinshi zamakuru zubucuruzi zitanga amakuru kubikorwa byubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Hano hari zimwe murubuga zizwi cyane mubibazo byubucuruzi muri Ukraine hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe ibarurishamibare muri Ukraine (SSSU): Urubuga rwemewe rwa SSSU rutanga imibare n’amakuru yuzuye bijyanye n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, harimo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, hamwe n’amafaranga yishyuwe. Urashobora kubona igice cyubucuruzi kurubuga rwabo kuri: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2008/zd/index_e.php 2. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Ukraine (UCCI): Urubuga rwa interineti rwa UCCI rutanga ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gushakisha amakuru ajyanye n’ubucuruzi, harimo imibare itumizwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, ibihugu cyangwa ibicuruzwa bya HS. Sura urupapuro rwibarurishamibare rwubucuruzi kuri: https://ucci.org.ua/en/statistics/ 3. Minisiteri ishinzwe iterambere ry’ubukungu, ubucuruzi n’ubuhinzi: Uru rubuga rw’ishami rya leta rugaragaza igice cyihariye cy’ibikorwa by’ubukungu bw’amahanga aho ushobora gusanga imibare y’ubucuruzi irambuye ku bihugu cyangwa mu matsinda y’ibicuruzwa. Shikira urupapuro rwibarurishamibare rwibikorwa byubukungu by’amahanga hano: https://me.gov.ua/Ibyangombwa/Urutonde?lang=en-GB&tag=Statistyka-zovnishnoekonomichnoi-diialnosti 4. Urubuga mpuzamahanga rw’ubucuruzi muri Ukraine: Uru rubuga rwa interineti rutanga amakuru yuzuye ku mahirwe y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga muri Ukraine ndetse no kugera ku bubiko bw’ibanze bufite amakuru y’ibarurishamibare ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, amahoro, n'ibindi. Urashobora gusuzuma igice cy’ubucuruzi bwabo kuri: https: / /itu.com.ua/en/data-ubucuruzi-ua-en/ 5. Ironderero Mundi - Ukraine yohereza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu: Nubwo bitagenewe cyane cyane ibibazo by’ubucuruzi muri Ukraine gusa, Index Mundi itanga incamake y’abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye bo muri Ukraine bohereza ibicuruzwa hanze n’ibicuruzwa. Reba kurupapuro hano: https://www.indexmundi.com/ibikorwa/ukraine/ibicuruzwa- byohereza Nyamuneka menya ko izi mbuga zishobora gusaba ubundi bushakashatsi kugirango uyobore ibice byihariye bijyanye nubushakashatsi wifuza.

B2b

Ukraine ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba. Ifite ubucuruzi butera imbere mubucuruzi (B2B) hamwe nibikorwa byinshi bihuza ubucuruzi no koroshya ubucuruzi. Hano hari urubuga rwa B2B muri Ukraine hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Kohereza muri Ukraine (https://export-ukraine.com/): Uru rubuga ruteza imbere ibicuruzwa na serivisi bya Ukraine ku masoko mpuzamahanga, bihuza ibyohereza ibicuruzwa muri Ukraine n'abaguzi b'abanyamahanga. 2. Biz.UA (https://biz.ua/): Biz.UA ni isoko rya B2B ryemerera ubucuruzi kwerekana ibicuruzwa byabo, guhuza nabafatanyabikorwa, no kwagura imiyoboro yabo. 3. Ubucuruzi bwubucuruzi bwa Ukraine (https://www.ukrainebusinessdirectory.com/): Ubu bubiko bwa interineti bufasha abakoresha kubona amasosiyete atandukanye yo muri Ukraine mu nganda zitandukanye, byoroshye gushiraho ubucuruzi. 4. E-Biznes.com.ua (http://e-biznes.com.ua/): E-Biznes ni urubuga rwo gucuruza kumurongo aho ubucuruzi bushobora kugura no kugurisha ibicuruzwa na serivisi mumasoko ya Ukraine. 5. BusinessCatalog.ua (https://businesscatalog.ua/): BusinessCatalog itanga ububiko bwuzuye bwubucuruzi bwamasosiyete muri Ukraine, yemerera abakoresha gushakisha serivisi cyangwa inganda zihariye. 6. Isoko rya Prozorro (https://prozorro.market/en/): Isoko rya Prozorro ni urubuga rwo gutanga amasoko ya leta akoreshwa ninzego za leta kimwe n’imiryango yigenga mu kugura ibicuruzwa na serivisi kubatanga ibicuruzwa byanditswe kuri platifomu. 7. Allbiz (https://ua.all.biz/en/): Allbiz ni isoko mpuzamahanga rya B2B ririmo ubucuruzi bwa Ukraine kurutonde rwacyo, butanga uburyo bwo kugera ku nzego zitandukanye nk'inganda, ubuhinzi, ubwubatsi, n'ibindi. 8. TradeKey Ukraine (http://ua.tradekey.com/): TradeKey ni isoko mpuzamahanga rya B2B aho abakoresha bashobora kubona abatanga ibicuruzwa hirya no hino ku isi, harimo n’abakorera muri Ukraine. Izi ni ingero nke gusa za platform ya B2B iboneka muri Ukraine. Izi porogaramu zitanga inzira ku bucuruzi bwo guhuza, gucuruza, no kwagura imiyoboro yabo, amaherezo bikagira uruhare mu kuzamura ubukungu bwa Ukraine.
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