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Incamake y'igihugu
Vietnam, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Vietnam, iherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya. Ihuza imbibi n’Ubushinwa mu majyaruguru, Laos na Kamboje mu burengerazuba, kandi ifite inkombe ndende ku nyanja y’Ubushinwa. Iki gihugu gituwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 97, kikaba igihugu cya 15 gituwe cyane ku isi. Vietnam ifite amateka akomeye kuva mu myaka ibihumbi. Yategekwaga ningoma zinyuranye za feodal kugeza igihe ubutegetsi bwabakoloni bwabafaransa bwatangiye hagati yikinyejana cya 19. Nyuma yikinyejana kimwe cyurugamba no kurwanya ibihugu byamahanga, Vietnam yabonye ubwigenge mumwaka wa 1945. Muri iki gihe, Vietnam izwiho umuco mwiza n'ubwiza nyaburanga. Ahantu nyaburanga hatandukanye harimo imisozi itangaje nka Sapa na Ha Long Bay birwa bishushanya. Iki gihugu kandi gifite inyanja nziza nka Da Nang na Nha Trang zikurura ba mukerarugendo baturutse hirya no hino ku isi. Ubukungu bwa Vietnam buri mu bihugu byihuta cyane mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya. Yahindutse neza mu bukungu bushingiye ku buhinzi ijya mu bucuruzi buterwa n’inganda, serivisi, n’ubukerarugendo. Inganda nyamukuru zohereza ibicuruzwa hanze zirimo imyenda, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibiribwa byo mu nyanja, n’umusaruro wa peteroli. Ibyokurya bya Vietnamese bizwi kwisi yose kubera uburyohe butoshye hamwe nibindi bintu bishya. Ibyokurya bya Viyetinamu nka pho (isupu ya noode), banh mi (sanduiches ya baguette), hamwe nizingo zimpeshyi bikundwa nabenshi.Ibiryo bigira uruhare runini mumico ya Vietnam kuko bishushanya gusangira amafunguro hamwe nabakunzi. Ururimi rwemewe ruvugwa ni Vietnam. icyakora, ikoreshwa ryicyongereza ryagiye ryiyongera cyane kubera ubukerarugendo bugenda bwiyongera.Kubera ko hashyizweho politiki ishingiye ku isoko, imibereho yabaturage benshi ba Vietnam barateye imbere, bigatuma habaho uburyo bwiza bwo kubona uburezi, imirire, nubuvuzi.Nubwo iterambere ryateye imbere, imifuka yubukene iracyakomeza komeza cyane cyane mucyaro. Amateka, umuco, hamwe n’ahantu nyaburanga bya Vietnam bituma ahantu nyaburanga hasurwa n’abagenzi bashaka uburambe ndetse n’umuco. Guverinoma ikorana umwete kugira ngo ibungabunge umurage w’igihugu cy’ibidukikije biteza imbere ubukerarugendo burambye bwo kurengera ibidukikije no guteza imbere iterambere rusange.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Vietnam, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Vietnam, ifite ifaranga ryayo ryitwa Vietnam đồng (VND). Ifaranga rya Vietnam ryatanzwe kandi rigengwa na Banki ya Leta ya Vietnam, ari yo banki nkuru y’igihugu. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi by'ifaranga rya Vietnam ni amadini yacyo. Kugeza ubu, inoti ziri mu madini 1.000 VND, 2000 VND, 5.000 VND, 10,000 VND, 20.000 VND, 50.000 VND (yacapishijwe kuri polymer), 100.00 Đồng (Manifeste y'Abakomunisiti: "Gutera imbere & Ibyishimo"), 1000.00 Đồng (Taoist) irimo kugeza hejuru ukurikije igishinwa gisanzwe [Sòngshū sisitemu?] hiyongereyeho ibiceri birimo amadini nka 200 VND kandi hafi yo kurangiza ibiceri biva muri aluminium bihinduka zinc kuva ku gipimo gito kugeza ku bihumbi icumi! Mu myaka yashize kubera igipimo cy’ifaranga ryinshi no kongera umubano w’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’ibindi bihugu, Vietnam yo muri Vietnam đồng yagiye ihindagurika mu gaciro ugereranije n’andi mafaranga akomeye nk'idolari rya Amerika cyangwa Euro. Icyakora, Banki ya Leta ya Vietnam yafashe ingamba nko kwivanga ku masoko y’ivunjisha hagamijwe guhungabana. Byongeye kandi, Vietnam iracyafite imbogamizi zijyanye no guhinduranya ifaranga ryayo, bikaviramo ingorane abanyamahanga bashaka kubona amafaranga yaho.Nubwo guhanahana amafaranga muri banki cyangwa kubitsa byemewe byemewe, kwakira amafaranga menshi birashobora kuba ikibazo.Ibyo bivuze ko ba mukerarugendo bakunze kugira ibibazo. kubona amafaranga menshi nta mananiza akomeye. Muri rusange, abanya Viyetinamu bakoresha cyane cyane amafaranga mubikorwa bya buri munsi nubwo biyongera muburyo bwa digitale.Niyo mpamvu, burigihe birasabwa gutwara enoughng zihagije za Vietnam mugihe ugenda uzenguruka igihugu cyane cyane mugihe usuye uturere twa kure aho hashobora kugarukira. Serivise zo kuvunja amafaranga zishobora kuboneka byoroshye muri rusange imijyi hamwe n’ubukerarugendo harimo ibibuga byindege, amabanki, n’amahoteri.Ibiciro hano muri rusange birumvikana kubera ahanini guhatana hagati yabatanga ibintu bitandukanye. Muri make, ifaranga rya Vietnam ni Vietnam yo muri Vietnam, inoti zitandukanye hamwe n’ibiceri bitangwa, kandi agaciro kayo ku isoko gahinduka rimwe na rimwe bitewe n’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Nibyiza ko harebwa ibibujijwe guhinduka mugihe utegura urugendo rwo muri Vietnam, hamwe namafaranga ahagije yatanzwe mbere cyangwa binyuze muri serivisi zivunjisha kugirango ibicuruzwa byorohewe mugihe wasuye.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe rya Vietnam ni Diyetinamu Dong (VND). Kubijyanye n’ivunjisha ry’ifaranga rikomeye ry’isi, nyamuneka menya ko bahura n’imihindagurikire ya buri munsi. Ariko, guhera muri Nzeri 2021, dore igipimo cyagereranijwe cyo kuvunja: - 1 USD (Amadorari y'Amerika) ≈ 23.130 VND - 1 EUR (Euro) ≈ 27.150 VND - 1 GBP (Sterling yo mu Bwongereza) ≈ 31,690 VND - 1 JPY (Yapani Yen) ≈ 210 VND Nyamuneka menya ko ibiciro byivunjisha bishobora gutandukana kandi burigihe nigitekerezo cyiza cyo kugenzura amasoko yizewe cyangwa ibigo byimari kugirango amakuru agezweho ku gipimo cy’ivunjisha.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Vietnam ni igihugu gikungahaye ku murage gakondo n'imigenzo, kandi cyizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi y'umwaka. Hano hari iminsi mikuru ikomeye ya Vietnam: 1. Umwaka mushya w'ukwezi (Tet): Tet ni umunsi mukuru w'ingenzi muri Vietnam, ukaba utangiye umwaka mushya w'ukwezi. Ubusanzwe igwa hagati ya Mutarama na Gashyantare hagati. Imiryango iraterana kugirango yubahe abakurambere, basenga, bahana impano, barimbisha ingo zabo ibintu gakondo nk'indabyo z'amashaza n'ibiti bya kumquat, kandi bishimira amafunguro y'ibirori. 2. Umunsi wo guhuriza hamwe (30 Mata): Uyu munsi uribuka ubumwe bwa Vietnam y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo nyuma y'intambara ya Vietnam irangiye mu 1975. Abanya Viyetinamu bizihiza hamwe na parade, kwerekana imiriro, kwerekana umuco, n'ibirori bitandukanye mu gihugu hose. 3. Umunsi w'ubwigenge (2 Nzeri): Kuri uyu munsi mu 1945, Perezida Ho Chi Minh yatangaje ko Vietnam yigenga ku butegetsi bw'abakoloni b'Abafaransa. Abantu bishimira kwitabira parade, bazamura amabendera mumijyi niyindi mijyi, bishimira ibitaramo byo kumuhanda byerekana umuco namateka ya Vietnam. 4.Ibirori bitarenze igihe cyizuba: Bizwi kandi nka Tet Trung Thu cyangwa Umunsi mukuru wabana, ibi birori biba kumunsi wa cumi na gatanu Kanama ukurikije kalendari yukwezi - nko muri Nzeri cyangwa Ukwakira buri mwaka. Nigihe imiryango ihurira hamwe kugirango yishimire igihe cyo gusarura isangira ukwezi, gukina imikino gakondo, kwishimira amatara yamabara nijoro agereranya amahirwe. Iyi minsi mikuru igira uruhare runini mumico ya Vietnam kuko yerekana amateka yayo, indangagaciro, imyizerere usibye gutanga ibihe byo guteranya imiryango. Berekana imihango itandukanye ibiryo & bevbrage imigenzo, ibikorwa bijyanye nubuhanzi nkimikino yumuziki wimbyino imyambarire yibanda cyane cyane mugusangira inkuru zerekeye inshingano zabakurambere inshingano zubumwe ubumwe mubaturage.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Vietnam ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya kandi kizwiho ubukungu bukomeye. Mu myaka yashize, Vietnam yagize iterambere rikomeye mu bucuruzi bwayo, iba imwe mu masoko azamuka ku isi. Abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye ba Vietnam barimo ibihugu nk'Ubushinwa, Amerika, Ubuyapani, Koreya y'Epfo, na Ositaraliya. Igihugu cyahinduye ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu nganda zitandukanye zirimo imyenda n'imyenda, inkweto, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikomoka ku nyanja, umuceri n'ikawa. Inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda zigira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Vietnam kuko zigira uruhare runini mu kwinjiza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Vietnam yabaye ahantu nyaburanga ku bashoramari mpuzamahanga kubera ibiciro by’umurimo bihatanira akazi ndetse n’ubucuruzi bwiza. Urundi rwego rukomeye rwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze ni uruganda rukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Amashyirahamwe menshi y’amahanga yashyizeho ibikoresho by’umusaruro muri Vietnam kugira ngo yungukire ku bakozi bafite ubumenyi bugenda bwiyongera ndetse n’ibiciro by’umusaruro ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu byo muri Aziya. Ku bijyanye no gutumiza mu mahanga, imashini n'ibikoresho biri mu bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Vietnam. Mugihe ibyifuzo byimbere mu gihugu bizamuka hamwe niterambere ryubukungu, hari kwiyongera kwishoramari mumishinga remezo isaba imashini zigezweho n’ibikoresho bitumizwa mu mahanga. Mu myaka icumi ishize, Vietnam yashatse kwagura umubano w’ubucuruzi binyuze mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu (FTAs). Yasinyanye na FTA n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) bise amasezerano y’ubucuruzi bw’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi na Vietnam (EVFTA), yatangiye gukurikizwa muri Kanama 2020. Aya masezerano atanga uburyo bwiza bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa bya Vietnam mu bihugu by’Uburayi mu kugabanya imisoro. Muri rusange, Vietnam ikomeje kubona inzira nziza mu bijyanye no kuzamuka kw’ubucuruzi bitewe na politiki ya guverinoma ishishikajwe no gukurura ishoramari ritaziguye ndetse no kugira uruhare muri gahunda z’ubufatanye bw’akarere nk’umuryango w’ubukungu wa ASEAN (AEC). Hamwe nabakozi bato bafite ubumenyi mubyiciro bitandukanye hamwe no gukomeza kunoza imishinga yo guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo; yihagararaho neza mumasoko yisi yose kugirango amahirwe yubucuruzi mpuzamahanga.
Iterambere ryisoko
Vietnam, iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya, yerekanye imbaraga nyinshi zo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu myaka yashize. Abaturage barenga miliyoni 97 hamwe na GDP ikomeje kwiyongera, Vietnam itanga amahirwe menshi kubucuruzi bwamahanga. Ikintu kimwe cyingenzi kigira uruhare muri Vietnam itanga icyerekezo ni aho iherereye. Vietnam iri hagati y’amasoko akomeye ku isi nk’Ubushinwa n’Ubuhinde, Vietnam itanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kugera ku masoko manini y’abaguzi b’ibi bihugu. Byongeye kandi, inkombe nini z'igihugu zituma ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja bworoha, bukaba ihuriro ryiza ry'ubucuruzi bw'akarere. Kuba abanyamuryango ba Vietnam mu masezerano mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi arusheho kunoza ubujurire bwayo nkumufatanyabikorwa wifuzwa. Igihugu cyagize uruhare rugaragara mu bikorwa nk’amasezerano yuzuye kandi atera imbere y’ubufatanye hagati ya Pasifika (CPTPP) n’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi y’ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi na Vietnam (EVFTA). Aya masezerano yorohereza kugabanya ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga / ibyoherezwa mu mahanga no kunoza uburyo bwo kubona isoko ku bucuruzi bwa Vietnam, bikurura abashoramari benshi b’abanyamahanga bashaka amahirwe y’ubufatanye. Byongeye kandi, Vietnam ifite abakozi benshi bazwiho umwete no gukenera umushahara muto ugereranije n’ibihugu duturanye. Iyi nyungu ituma Vietnam igana ahantu heza h'inganda zishakisha ibisubizo bidahenze. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibigo byinshi by’amahanga byashyizeho ibikoresho by’umusaruro mu gihugu kugira ngo bikoreshe ibyo bintu. Mu myaka yashize, imirenge nk'imyenda / gukora imyenda, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki / ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, ubuhinzi / gutunganya ibikomoka ku buhinzi byateye imbere muri Vietnam kubera ubucuruzi bwiza. Usibye imirenge gakondo nko kohereza umuceri no gukora imyenda bigira uruhare runini mu kuzamuka kwinjiza buri mwaka. Byongeye kandi guverinoma ya Vietnam ikomeje gushyira mu bikorwa ivugurura ry’ubukungu rigamije kuzamura iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo mu gihe koroshya inzira z’ubuyobozi zijyanye n’amabwiriza y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Izi mpinduka nziza zorohereza ibigo biva mumahanga kwinjira mumasoko ya Vietnam bitagoranye mugihe bigabanya kaseti itukura ya bureucratique ijyanye no gushiraho ibikorwa byubucuruzi. Nubwo hari ibintu byiza companies amasosiyete y’amahanga agomba kumenya ko irushanwa naryo rikabije mu nganda zimwe na zimwe bitewe n’ibisabwa n’abaguzi bo mu gihugu hamwe no kongera uruhare rw’abakinnyi mpuzamahanga basanzwe bahari. Kugira ngo winjire neza ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi ry’amahanga ryunguka cyane, ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku isoko no gusobanukirwa umuco waho n’imyitwarire y’abaguzi ni ngombwa. Hamwe nogutegura neza nubufatanye bufatika, ubucuruzi bushobora kubyaza umusaruro ubushobozi bwa Vietnam kandi bukishimira intsinzi ndende muri ubu bukungu bukomeye.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Mugihe ushakisha ibicuruzwa bishobora kugurishwa bishyushye kumasoko ya Vietnam kubucuruzi bwububanyi n’amahanga, umuntu agomba gusuzuma ibintu byinshi kandi agakora ubushakashatsi burambuye. Hano hari intambwe zo kuyobora inzira yo guhitamo ibicuruzwa: 1. Isesengura ryisoko: Tangira ukora isesengura ryimbitse ryisoko rya Vietnam kugirango umenye inzego zingenzi zifite ubushobozi bwo kuzamuka cyane. Reba ibipimo byubukungu, demografiya, imyitwarire yabaguzi, nibigenda. 2. Menya ibikenewe byaho: Sobanukirwa nibyifuzo byihariye nibyifuzo byabaguzi ba Vietnam kugirango bahitemo ibicuruzwa bihuye nibyifuzo byabo. Wige umuco waho, imibereho, imbaraga zo kugura, hamwe nuburyo bwo kugura. 3. Ahantu nyaburanga: Gusesengura amarushanwa mumirenge yatoranijwe usuzuma abakinnyi bo murugo ndetse no mumahanga. Menya icyuho kiri mumasoko ariho cyangwa aho ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bifite inyungu zo guhatanira. 4. Ibitekerezo bigenga: Sobanukirwa n'amabwiriza yo gutumiza muri Vietnam na politiki yubucuruzi bijyanye nicyiciro cyibicuruzwa ugamije kugirango hubahirizwe amategeko y’ibanze. 5. Isuzuma ry'ubuziranenge: Menya neza ko ibicuruzwa byatoranijwe byujuje ubuziranenge buzwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga kuko ibi ari ngombwa mu gutsinda igihe kirekire ku isoko iryo ari ryo ryose ryo hanze. 6. Guhiganwa kw'ibiciro: Reba ingamba zo kugena ibiciro muguhitamo ibicuruzwa; menya niba ushobora kugumana ibiciro byapiganwa mugihe ushyira mubikorwa ibiciro bijyanye no kwinjiza ibicuruzwa muri Vietnam. 7. Imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza: Suzuma imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza iboneka nka e-ubucuruzi bwa e-ubucuruzi cyangwa imiyoboro yo kugurisha ukurikije icyiciro wahisemo. Suzuma niba bishoboka gufatanya nabacuruzi baho cyangwa gushiraho umubano utaziguye nabacuruzi. 8.Ibikorwa byo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere: Suzuma niba hari ibyahinduwe cyangwa bigomba gukenerwa hashingiwe ku byifuzo byaho cyangwa ibisabwa bya tekiniki byihariye bya Vietnam mbere yo gutangiza ibicuruzwa byawe neza. 9.Ingamba zo Kwamamaza: Gutegura ingamba zuzuye zo kwamamaza zikubiyemo ibikorwa byo kwamamaza byerekeranye cyane cyane n’abaguzi ba Vietnam, urebye imiyoboro yamamaza ibicuruzwa hamwe nuburyo gakondo bwo kwamamaza nkuko biranga demokarasi byavuzwe mbere. 10.Igenamigambi rya Logistique: Guhuza imicungire myiza yo gutanga amasoko kuva guhitamo abatanga isoko no kuganira binyuze muburyo bwo kuzuza ibyateganijwe hifashishijwe abafatanyabikorwa bashinzwe ibikoresho bya gasutamo bahanga ibicuruzwa bitangwa na gasutamo bitangirwa ibicuruzwa byinjira mugihe cyo kugurisha ibicuruzwa byinjira mugihe cyiza cyane cyo guhaza abakiriya vuba. Ukurikije izi ntambwe no gushora igihe mubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwisoko, urashobora gufata ibyemezo byuzuye bijyanye nibicuruzwa bifite amahirwe yo gutsinda kumasoko ya Vietnam.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Vietnam ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, kizwiho umuco ukomeye n'amateka akomeye. Iyo bigeze kubiranga abakiriya, hari ingingo nkeya zigomba kwitabwaho. Ubwa mbere, abakiriya ba Vietnam baha agaciro umubano wihariye no kwizerana. Kubaka rapport no gushiraho umubano mwiza nabakiriya bawe bo muri Vietnam ni ngombwa kugirango ubucuruzi bugerweho neza. Gufata umwanya wo kumenya abakiriya bawe kurwego rwawe birashobora gufasha gutsimbataza ubudahemuka nubufatanye burambye. Icya kabiri, kumva ibiciro ni ikindi kintu cyingenzi cyimyitwarire yabakiriya ba Vietnam. Mugihe ubuziranenge nabwo buhabwa agaciro, ubushobozi bwibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi bigira uruhare runini mugikorwa cyo gufata ibyemezo. Gutanga ibiciro byapiganwa cyangwa kugabanurwa gushyira mu gaciro birashobora kubyara inyungu kubakiriya bawe. Byongeye kandi, abakiriya ba Vietnam bashima serivisi nziza no kwitabira. Kwihutira gusubiza ibibazo cyangwa gukemura ibibazo byose byerekana ubwitange nubunyamwuga. Gutanga inkunga nziza nyuma yo kugurisha bikomeza gushimangira abakiriya. Noneho reka tuganire kuri kirazira z'umuco cyangwa ikinyabupfura zigomba kwirindwa mugihe ukorana nabakiriya ba Vietnam: 1. Irinde gukoresha imibonano mpuzabitsina ikabije: Nubwo ubucuti bushimwa nabanya Vietnam, guhura cyane kumubiri nko guhobera cyangwa gukorakora mugihe cyo gukorana mubucuruzi bishobora kubatera ikibazo. 2. Kugaragariza icyubahiro abasaza: Ni ngombwa kwerekana ko wubaha abantu bakuze kuko bubaha cyane muri societe ya Vietnam. Koresha imitwe ikwiye nka "Bwana" cyangwa "Madamu." mugihe ubabwiye keretse bahawe uruhushya ukundi. 3. Witondere ikinyabupfura cyo gutanga impano: Gutanga impano nk'ikimenyetso cyo gushimira ni ibintu bisanzwe muri Vietnam; icyakora, ni ngombwa guhitamo impano zikwiranye n'imigenzo yabo no kwirinda impano zihenze zishobora gutera ipfunwe. 4.Gukandagira ku birenge by'umuntu bifatwa nk'ubupfura: Muri Vietnam gukandagira ikirenge cy'umuntu ku bw'impanuka bishobora gutera icyaha bityo rero ni ngombwa gusaba imbabazi ako kanya niba ibi bibaye. 5.Menye akamenyero ko kurya: Mugihe musangira nabakozi mukorana cyangwa abakiriya muri Vietnam, irinde gushyira amacupa neza mubikombe byumuceri kuko iki gikorwa gisa nigitambo cyimibavu cyatanzwe na nyakwigendera. Gusobanukirwa ibiranga numuco wumuco wabakiriya ba Vietnam birashobora kugira uruhare runini mukubaka umubano mwiza mubucuruzi muri Vietnam.
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Vietnam ifite uburyo bunoze bwo gucunga gasutamo kugirango igenzure ibicuruzwa kandi yizere ko hubahirizwa amabwiriza yatumijwe mu mahanga. Iyo abagenzi binjiye muri Vietnam, basabwa kunyura kuri gasutamo ku bibuga by'indege, ku byambu, no ku mipaka y'ubutaka. Abakozi ba gasutamo bashinzwe kugenzura imizigo n’ibintu byabo bwite kugira ngo birinde kwinjiza cyangwa kohereza mu buryo butemewe n’ibintu bibujijwe nk’ibiyobyabwenge, intwaro, ibisasu, ibicuruzwa byo mu gasozi, ibicuruzwa byiganano, cyangwa ibihangano by’umuco. Abagenzi bagomba gutangaza ibintu byose batwaye birenze amafaranga atishyurwa n amategeko ya Vietnam. Ni ngombwa ko abashyitsi bubahiriza amabwiriza ya gasutamo ya Vietnam kugira ngo birinde ibihano cyangwa ibibazo by’amategeko. Hano hari ingingo z'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka: 1. Menyesha ibicuruzwa byose: Niba utwaye ibintu byose bifite agaciro nka elegitoroniki, imitako, cyangwa amafaranga menshi arenga USD 5,000 (cyangwa bihwanye), birakenewe kubitangaza ukihagera. 2. Ibintu bibujijwe kandi bibujijwe: Menyesha urutonde rwibintu bibujijwe kandi bibujijwe mbere yo kwinjira muri Vietnam. Harimo ibiyobyabwenge / ibiyobyabwenge (ibiyobyabwenge), intwaro / imbunda / ibisasu / imiti / uburozi / itabi rirenze umubare wabigenewe kugirango ukoreshe umuntu ku giti cye. 3. Kubuza ifaranga: Nta karimbi ku mubare w'amafaranga y'amahanga ushobora kuzana muri Vietnam; ariko, niba utwaye amadolari arenga 15.000 USD (cyangwa ahwanye nayo) mumafaranga uhageze cyangwa uvuye muri Vietnam ukoresheje inzira yumuhanda / kugenzura imipaka / icyambu utabanje kubimenyesha / ibaruwa yemewe ya gasutamo / viza ya pasiporo byemejwe nabayobozi babishoboye urashobora gukurikiranwa byongeye. 4. Imenyekanisha rya gasutamo: Uzuza impapuro zisabwa za gasutamo neza iyo uhageze cyangwa uvuye muri Vietnam kubera ingaruka zumuntu ku giti cye ndetse n’ubucuruzi. 5. Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga by'agateganyo: Niba uteganya kuzana ibikoresho by'agaciro muri Vietnam by'agateganyo (urugero, kamera), menya neza ko urangije uburyo bwo gutumiza mu mahanga by'agateganyo ukihagera kugira ngo ibyo bintu bitazafatwa nk'umusoro mu gihe cyawe. 6. Ibikomoka ku buhinzi: Ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe by’ubuhinzi nkimbuto nshya, imboga, cyangwa ibimera bigengwa n’amabwiriza. Nibyiza kwirinda gutwara ibyo bintu ahubwo ukabigura mugace. Muri rusange, ni ngombwa ko abagenzi basura Vietnam bamenya amabwiriza ya gasutamo kandi bakayakurikiza babigiranye umwete. Kutubahiriza amategeko bishobora kuvamo ihazabu, kwamburwa ibicuruzwa, cyangwa ingaruka zemewe n'amategeko.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Vietnam ifite politiki y’imisoro mu bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga mu rwego rwo kurinda inganda z’imbere mu gihugu no kuzamura ubukungu. Igihugu gifite gahunda y’imisoro ihuriweho, izwi ku izina ry’ibiciro bikunzwe cyane (MFN), bikoreshwa ku bicuruzwa byinshi byinjira muri Vietnam. Ibiciro bya MFN biri hagati ya 0% kugeza 35%. Ibintu byingenzi nkibikoresho fatizo, imashini, nibikoresho bikenerwa mu musaruro n’ishoramari birashobora kwishimira umusoro muke cyangwa bikasonerwa. Ku rundi ruhande, ibicuruzwa byiza cyangwa ibintu bihanganye n’ibicuruzwa byakozwe na Vietnam, bitangirwa umusoro mwinshi. Usibye igipimo cy’ibiciro bya MFN, Vietnam inashyira mu bikorwa ibiciro by’ibanze hakurikijwe amasezerano y’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu byombi cyangwa byinshi. Ibiciro byibanze bigamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi n’ibihugu by’abafatanyabikorwa no kugabanya inzitizi ku bicuruzwa byihariye. Kurugero, ibicuruzwa biva mubihugu bigize ASEAN birashobora kungukirwa nigiciro cya zeru kubintu byinshi bitewe namasezerano yakarere nkubucuruzi bwubucuruzi bwa ASEAN (AFTA). Kugirango hubahirizwe politiki y’imisoro, abatumiza muri Vietnam bagomba gutangaza neza agaciro k’ibicuruzwa byabo mugihe cyo gutumiza gasutamo. Ibyangombwa bisabwa hamwe no kwishyura imisoro n'amahoro bikurikizwa hashingiwe ku gaciro kagenwe k'ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Ni ngombwa kubucuruzi bugamije kwinjiza muri Vietnam kugirango basobanukirwe neza aya mategeko yimisoro mbere yo kwishora mubikorwa byubucuruzi. Gukurikiza iyi politiki ntibizemeza gusa kubahiriza amategeko ahubwo bizanatanga ibisobanuro byumvikana ku bijyanye n’ibiciro mugihe harebwa ibicuruzwa biva muri Vietnam. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Vietnam igamije kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu mu gihe ziteza imbere umubano w’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga binyuze mu masezerano y’ibanze.
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Vietnam yashyize mu bikorwa politiki y’imisoro yohereza mu mahanga igenga no guteza imbere ubukungu bwayo. Igihugu gishyiraho imisoro ku bicuruzwa bimwe byoherezwa mu mahanga, bigamije kugenzura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu, no kwinjiza leta amafaranga. Igipimo cy’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga kiratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Kurugero, Vietnam itanga umusoro ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byoherezwa mu mahanga, ibiciro biri hagati ya 3% na 45%, hashingiwe ku bintu bitandukanye nko mu karere ndetse n’ingorabahizi. Ibi bikorwa mu kubungabunga umutungo kamere no gushishikariza ibikorwa byo gutunganya mu gihugu. Byongeye kandi, Vietnam ikoresha imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ku mabuye y'agaciro nk'amakara, ubutare bw'icyuma, ubutare bwa titanium, hamwe n'amabuye y'agaciro nka zahabu cyangwa ifeza. Ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bihura n’igipimo gitandukanye cy’imisoro ijyanye nagaciro kayo. Rimwe na rimwe, aho Vietnam igamije gushyigikira umusaruro waho cyangwa kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku batanga ibicuruzwa by’amahanga ku bicuruzwa cyangwa ibicuruzwa nk’umuceri cyangwa reberi ya latx - isoko y’ingenzi yinjira mu gihugu - ikoresha imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga. Nyamara, amakuru arambuye yerekeye iyi misoro yakenera ubushakashatsi bwimbitse. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma isuzuma buri gihe politiki yayo yerekeye imisoro ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo ihuze n'ibikenewe mu bukungu ndetse n'imiterere haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ibi bituma habaho guhinduka muguhindura ibiciro mugihe bibaye ngombwa. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ya Vietnam irashaka gushyira mu gaciro hagati yo kubungabunga umutungo kamere mu gihe biteza imbere inganda zo mu gihugu. Mu gushyiraho izo ngamba neza mu nzego zinyuranye z’ubukungu urebye imbaraga z’isi zikoreshwa - Vietnam ntabwo igamije kwikingira gusa ahubwo inashaka amahirwe arambye y’iterambere mu mibanire y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Nyamuneka menya ko aya makuru yatanzwe nkincamake rusange ya politiki ya Vietnam iriho ariko ntishobora gukubiyemo amakuru yose yihariye cyangwa ivugururwa rya vuba; rero ubushakashatsi burakenewe niba ukeneye ubumenyi bwuzuye kubijyanye nubucuruzi bwa Vietnam.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Vietnam ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya, kizwiho ubukungu bwiyongera cyane n’inganda zohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Guverinoma ya Vietnam yashyize mu bikorwa gahunda ihamye yo gutanga ibyemezo kugira ngo ibicuruzwa n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byujuje ubuziranenge n'umutekano. Ubuyobozi bukuru bushinzwe kwemeza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ni Minisiteri y’inganda n’ubucuruzi. Bashyizeho amahame n'amabwiriza atandukanye abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kubahiriza mbere yuko ibicuruzwa byabo byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bikubiyemo ibicuruzwa byinshi, birimo ubuhinzi, imyenda, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imashini, nibindi byinshi. Kugirango ubone icyemezo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Vietnam, ubucuruzi bugomba gutanga ibicuruzwa byabo kugirango bigenzurwe nimiryango yemewe cyangwa laboratoire zemewe. Iri genzura risuzuma ibintu nkubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, kubahiriza ibisobanuro bya tekiniki, ibisabwa byo gupakira, ibimenyetso byerekana neza, no kubahiriza ibipimo by’umutekano. Ibicuruzwa nibimara gutsinda inzira yubugenzuzi neza, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bazahabwa icyemezo cyo kohereza hanze cyangwa icyemezo cyinkomoko cyatanzwe ninzego zibishinzwe. Iki cyemezo gikora nk'ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa byose byashyizweho n’inzego z’ibanze muri Vietnam ndetse n’amabwiriza mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga nabo bagomba kumenya ko ibihugu bitandukanye bishobora kugira ibyangombwa bisabwa bitumizwa mu mahanga cyangwa ibyemezo birenze ibyo bisabwa na Vietnam. Ni ngombwa ko ubucuruzi bumenyera amabwiriza agenga isoko hamwe na gasutamo mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa byabo. Kubona ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga byerekana ubushake bwa Vietnam bwo kwemeza ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa no kubaka icyizere n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga mu bucuruzi. Ibi kandi bifasha korohereza inzira ya gasutamo neza mugihe ugeze ku byambu. Mu gusoza, Vietnam ishyira mu bikorwa uburyo bukomeye bwo kwemeza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigenzurwa na Minisiteri y’inganda n’ubucuruzi. Abashora ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kubahiriza ibipimo bitandukanye bijyanye no kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa no gusuzuma umutekano byakozwe n’imiryango yemewe cyangwa laboratoire zemewe. Mugukurikiza izo ngamba bashishikaye, ubucuruzi bwa Vietnam burashobora gushimangira umwanya wabwo kumasoko yisi yose mugihe abakiriya banyuzwe mumahanga.
Basabwe ibikoresho
Vietnam, iherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, ni igihugu gikura vuba kandi gitera imbere. Ubukungu bwateye imbere hamwe n’ahantu hateganijwe, Vietnam itanga amahirwe menshi kubucuruzi mubijyanye nibikoresho. Ubwa mbere, Vietnam ifite umuyoboro mugari wo gutwara abantu worohereza ibicuruzwa neza mugihugu hose. Ibikorwa remezo byumuhanda bigenda bitera imbere, hamwe n’imihanda ihuza imigi minini n’inganda. Byongeye kandi, Vietnam yashora imari cyane mu kuzamura ibyambu n'ibibuga by’indege kugira ngo ibinyabiziga byiyongere. Ibyambu nka Ho Chi Minh City (ahahoze hitwa Saigon) na Hai Phong bitanga ibikoresho byiza byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu nyanja, naho ibibuga byindege nkikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Noi Bai i Hanoi hamwe n’ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Tan Son Nhat mu mujyi wa Ho Chi Minh gikenera imizigo yo mu kirere. Ku bijyanye n’amabwiriza ya gasutamo, guverinoma ya Vietnam yashyize ingufu mu koroshya inzira ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Ibikorwa nka sisitemu yigihugu imwe ya Window yashyizwe mubikorwa kugirango byoroshe ibyangombwa bisabwa mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, Vietnam yungukirwa n'abakozi benshi ku mushahara uhiganwa. Ibi bituma iba ahantu heza h'inganda zishaka gukora neza cyangwa gukora ibikorwa byo guteranya ibicuruzwa mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa ku isi. Byongeye kandi, hari abatanga ibikoresho byinshi bashinzwe muri Vietnam. Izi sosiyete zitanga serivisi zitandukanye zirimo kohereza ibicuruzwa, ibisubizo byububiko, imiyoboro yo gukwirakwiza, serivisi zo gupakira n'ibindi. Amwe mu masosiyete azwi cyane y'ibikoresho akorera muri Vietnam arimo DHL Express Vietnam Ltd, UPS Vietnam Ltd, DB Schenker Logistics Co., Ltd ., n'abandi. Mu myaka yashize, e-ubucuruzi bwabonye iterambere ryinshi muri Vietnam hamwe nabantu benshi bahindukirira kumurongo wubucuruzi. Ibi biratanga amahirwe kuri serivisi zitangwa gusa ahubwo binatanga ubutumwa mpuzamahanga bashaka kwagura isoko ryabo. Ubwanyuma ,, ni ngombwa kumenya ko mugihe ibikorwa remezo byibikoresho bikomeje gutera imbere mugihugu haracyari imbogamizi nkibipimo by’ubuziranenge bidahuye cyangwa rimwe na rimwe imikorere idahwitse ku birindiro by’imipaka ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bugomba kumenya mugihe harebwa ibikorwa cyangwa ubufatanye muri uru rwego Muri rusange ， Vietnam itanga ibidukikije byiza kubikorwa byibikoresho hamwe nubukungu bwayo bugenda bwiyongera, urusobe rw’ubwikorezi, uburyo bworoshye bwa gasutamo, no kuba hari abatanga serivisi zizewe.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Vietnam ni igihugu gitera imbere byihuse mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya kandi cyahindutse ahantu heza ku baguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka ibicuruzwa no kwagura ubucuruzi bwabo. Iyi ngingo igamije kwerekana zimwe mu nzira zingenzi z’amasoko mpuzamahanga ya Vietnam. 1. Ikigo cy’imurikagurisha n’amasezerano ya Saigon (SECC): Iherereye mu mujyi wa Ho Chi Minh, SECC ni kimwe mu bigo binini byerekana imurikagurisha rya Vietnam, byakira imurikagurisha n’ibikorwa bitandukanye mu mwaka. Ikurura abamurika imurikagurisha ndetse n’abanyamahanga, bigatuma iba urubuga rwiza kubaguzi mpuzamahanga guhuza nabatanga ibicuruzwa bya Vietnam mu nganda zitandukanye. 2. Vietnam Expo: Iri murikagurisha mpuzamahanga ngarukamwaka ribera Hanoi, umurwa mukuru wa Vietnam. Irerekana ibicuruzwa byinshi biva mumirenge nk'imyenda, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ubuhinzi, ubukorikori, imashini, nibindi byinshi. Itanga amahirwe akomeye kubaguzi mpuzamahanga gushakisha uburyo bwo gushakisha ibicuruzwa biva muri Vietnam. 3. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga n’imurikagurisha (INTEC): INTEC iba buri mwaka mu mujyi wa Danang kandi yibanda ku nganda nkibikoresho byubwubatsi, ibicuruzwa byo mu nzu (ibikoresho byo mu nzu / ceramika), ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi / ibikoresho byo gukora ibikoresho., Nibindi. Imurikagurisha ryemerera abaguzi b’abanyamahanga. kuvumbura inzira zigaragara muriyi mirenge mugihe uhuza nabashobora gutanga isoko. 4. Imyambarire-Isi Tokiyo: Nubwo itari mu mbibi za Vietnam ariko ikagura akarere mu Buyapani; ibi birori nkibikorwa byingenzi bihuza imiyoboro yimyambarire hagati yUbuyapani - Amajyepfo yuburasirazuba bwa Aziya harimo ibihugu by’imyenda ikora imyenda / Ubushinwa / Vietnam / Kamboje / Indoneziya / nibindi.). 5. Kurubuga rwa B2B kumurongo: Usibye imurikagurisha ryumubiri, hariho urubuga rwa B2B rwinshi ruhuza abaguzi mpuzamahanga nabakora ibicuruzwa bya Vietnam / abatanga ibicuruzwa kuri enterineti kuri enterineti nta mbogamizi zishingiye ku turere. a) Alibaba / AliExpress / Icyifuzo- Izi mbuga zizwi kwisi yose zifite umwanya uhagije muri Vietnam aho abagurisha berekana ibicuruzwa byabo kuva kumyenda kugeza kubikoresho kubiciro byapiganwa. b) Inkomoko yisi yose- Urubuga rushyizweho neza rwo gushakisha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibicuruzwa byo murugo, nibikoresho byimyambarire. Itanga ubwoko butandukanye bwabatanga Vietnam nababikora. 6. Parike yinganda hamwe n’amahuriro y’inganda: Vietnam yateje imbere parike n’inganda nyinshi mu gihugu hose kugira ngo ishoramari ry’amahanga. Iyi parike ikunze kubamo inganda mu nganda zihariye nka electronics, imyenda, cyangwa imodoka. Abaguzi mpuzamahanga barashobora gushakisha uturere twinganda kugirango babone abafatanyabikorwa bakeneye kubyo bakeneye. Mu gusoza, Vietnam itanga inzira zitandukanye kubaguzi mpuzamahanga kugirango bateze imbere inzira zabo kandi bahuze nabatanga isoko. Haba binyuze mumurikagurisha nka SECC cyangwa Vietnam Expo, kumurongo wa B2B kumurongo nka Alibaba cyangwa Global Sources, cyangwa gukora parike yinganda; igihugu gitanga amahirwe menshi yo kwagura ubucuruzi no kugura ibicuruzwa byiza biva mu nganda zitandukanye.
Muri Vietnam, moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa cyane ni Google, Bing, na Yahoo. Izi moteri zishakisha zitanga ibisubizo byuzuye kubakoresha interineti muri Vietnam. Hano hepfo aderesi zurubuga kuri moteri zishakisha: 1. Google - www.google.com.vn 2. Bing - www.bing.com.vn 3. Yahoo - vn.ubushakashatsi.yahoo.com Google niyo moteri ishakisha izwi cyane kandi ikoreshwa cyane kwisi yose, harimo na Vietnam. Itanga serivisi zitandukanye nko gushakisha kurubuga, ingingo zamakuru, amashusho, ikarita, videwo, nibindi byinshi. Bing nubundi moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane itanga serivisi zisa na Google ariko hamwe nimiterere yihariye hamwe nimiterere. Yahoo ntabwo ikunzwe cyane ugereranije na Google na Bing ariko iracyafite abakoresha bayo muri Vietnam. Itanga amahitamo atandukanye yo gushakisha kurubuga harimo amashusho namakuru. Usibye izi moteri eshatu zingenzi zishakisha zavuzwe haruguru, izindi mbuga zizwi cyane zikoreshwa nabakoresha interineti ya Vietnam harimo: 4. Gushakisha Zalo - se.zalo.me: Zalo ni porogaramu yohererezanya ubutumwa bwa Vietnam kandi itanga uburyo bwo gushakisha moteri yaho. 5.Ishakisha rya Vietnamnet - timkiem.vietnamnet.vn: Uru ni urubuga rwemewe rwa rumwe mu mbuga za mbere z’amakuru ya Vietnam aho abakoresha bashobora gushakisha mu bubiko bwabo. 6.Dien Dan Dau Tu Tim Kiem (DDDTK) Gushakisha - dddtk.com: Ihuriro rishingiye ku ihuriro rizobereye mu biganiro bijyanye n’ishoramari ariko rikubiyemo kandi umwihariko wo gukora ubushakashatsi. Izi nimwe mubikoresho bikoreshwa mubushakashatsi cyangwa urubuga aho abakoresha interineti ba Vietnam bashobora kubona amakuru neza. Ariko, uzirikane ko hashobora kuba hari izindi mbuga zaho cyangwa niche yihariye iboneka kimwe ukurikije ibyo umukoresha akunda cyangwa ibisabwa.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Muri Vietnam, amwe mumapaji yingenzi yumuhondo ububiko bukubiyemo: 1. Urupapuro rwumuhondo Vietnam - Ubu ni paji yemewe yumuhondo kubucuruzi muri Vietnam. Itanga amakuru yuzuye kandi yukuri kubyerekeye inganda zitandukanye, zirimo amakuru arambuye, aderesi, hamwe nu byiciro. Urubuga: www.urubuga.vn 2. Urupapuro rwumuhondo Tuoitre - Ubu bubiko bukubiyemo ibyiciro byinshi byubucuruzi muri Vietnam. Itanga amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye ubucuruzi bwaho, ibicuruzwa, serivisi, hamwe no kuzamurwa mu ntera. Urubuga: www.urubuga.com.vn 3. Urupapuro rwa Zahabu - Urupapuro rwa Zahabu nubuyobozi bwa interineti buyobora ubucuruzi bwita kubucuruzi bwaho ndetse n’amahanga muri Vietnam. Itanga uburyo bwo kubona ibigo bitandukanye mubikorwa bitandukanye hamwe nibisobanuro byabo hamwe nubucuruzi. Urubuga: zahabu.vn 4. Urupapuro rwumuhondo rwa Viettel - Ikoreshwa na Groupt ya Vietnamtel - imwe mu masosiyete akomeye y'itumanaho muri Vietnam - iki gitabo gitanga amakuru ku bucuruzi butandukanye hirya no hino mu mijyi itandukanye yo mu gihugu binyuze ku mbuga za interineti no kuri porogaramu igendanwa (YBPhone). Urubuga: ibara ry'umuhondo.viettel.vn 5.Igitabo cy'umuhondo - Igitabo cy'umuhondo nubundi buryo bukomeye bwurupapuro rwumuhondo rwabugenewe rwihariye rugamije kwamamaza hifashishijwe Digital mu bice bya Vietnam nko mu mujyi wa Hanoi, Umujyi wa Ho Chi Minh, Umujyi wa Da Nang n'ibindi..Bikubiyemo urutonde rw’ubucuruzi rurambuye ruhuza imbuga za interineti cyangwa imbuga nkoranyambaga za buri kigo cyavuzwe nyuma yo kwiyandikisha kurubuga rwabo. Izi nizo mpapuro zingenzi zumuhondo zo gushakisha amakuru yubucuruzi ajyanye na interineti muri Vietnam; icyakora hariho utundi turere twihariye cyangwa inganda zihariye ziboneka nkaho. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko mugihe izi mbuga zitanga amakuru yingirakamaro kubyerekeranye nubucuruzi muri Vietnam binyuze mubuyobozi bwabo, burigihe nibyiza ko wambukiranya amakuru yigenga mbere yo kwishora mubigo ibyo aribyo byose

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Vietnam, kimwe n’ibihugu byinshi ku isi, yagize iterambere rikomeye mu bucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi mu myaka yashize. Ihuriro ryinshi rya e-ubucuruzi rikorera muri Vietnam, ritanga ibicuruzwa byinshi na serivisi kubaguzi kumurongo. Hano hari bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi muri Vietnam hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Abaguzi (https://shopee.vn/): Umucuruzi ni rimwe mu masoko manini kandi azwi cyane ku isoko rya interineti muri Vietnam, atanga ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo imideli, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ibicuruzwa byiza, n'ibindi. 2. Lazada (https://www.lazada.vn/): Lazada ni urundi rubuga rukomeye rwo guhaha kuri interineti rukorera muri Vietnam gusa no muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba. Itanga ibyiciro bitandukanye nkimyambarire, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, urugo & ibintu bizima. 3. Tiki (https://tiki.vn/): Tiki izwiho gukusanya ibitabo byinshi ariko inatanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bitandukanye nka electronics, imyambaro nibikoresho. 4. Sendo (https://www.sendo.vn/): Sendo ni urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi rwibanda ku bagurisha baho kandi rutanga ibyiciro bitandukanye birimo ibikoresho by'imyambarire, ibicuruzwa byo mu rugo n'ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. 5. Vatgia (https://vatgia.com/): Vatgia ikora cyane cyane nk'isoko rya interineti rihuza abaguzi n'abagurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi nk'ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki cyangwa ibikoresho by'imyambarire. 6. Yego24VN (http://www.yes24.vn/): Inzobere mubitabo nibikoresho byuburezi; Yego24VN itanga abakiriya guhitamo kwinshi kubagurisha neza kugeza kubitabo. 7. Adayroi (https://adayroi.com/): Adayroi itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi kuva mubikoresho byo murugo kugeza kubiribwa mugihe ikora munsi ya VinGroup - imwe mumashyirahamwe manini muri Vietnam. Izi ni zimwe mu ngero nyinshi mubindi bito bito cyangwa byihariye bya e-bucuruzi bikorera mu isoko rya digitale rya Vietnam. Abaguzi kumurongo barashobora gushakisha no kugereranya urubuga rutandukanye kugirango babone ibicuruzwa byiza nibicuruzwa bihuye nibyo bakeneye.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Vietnam ni igihugu cyo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya gifite imiterere ya digitale igenda yiyongera kandi ikiyongera kuri interineti. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hari imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane zikoreshwa cyane nabenegihugu ba Vietnam. Dore bimwe mubigaragara hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Facebook (www. 2. Zalo (zalo.me): Yakozwe na sosiyete yo muri Vietnam VNG Corporation, Zalo ni porogaramu ikwirakwiza ubutumwa busa na WhatsApp cyangwa Messenger. Itanga kandi ibintu nko guhamagara amajwi, guhamagara kuri videwo, no kuganira mumatsinda. 3. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Instagram ikoreshwa cyane mugusangira amafoto mubaturage ba Vietnam. Abakoresha basangira amashusho / videwo kumwirondoro wabo cyangwa inkuru kugirango bahuze inshuti nabayoboke. 4. YouTube (www.youtube.com): YouTube itanga amashusho menshi yerekana imyidagaduro muri Vietnam - kuva amashusho yindirimbo kugeza vlogs nibirimo uburezi. 5. LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com): LinkedIn igira uruhare runini muguhuza umwuga mubanyamwuga bo muri Vietnam bashaka amahirwe yakazi cyangwa iterambere ryakazi. 6. TikTok (www. 7 8.MoMo Wallet (https://momo.vn/landing-vipay/meditation-link/meditation?network=g&campaign=1?section=page): MoMo Wallet ni urubuga rwa digitale ya digitale aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza amafaranga hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bigendanwa. umutekano mugihe unakora ibikorwa bitandukanye nko kwishura fagitire cyangwa kwishura kugura kumurongo Nyamuneka menya ko uru rutonde rugaragaza zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane muri Vietnam, ariko ntabwo zuzuye. Imikoreshereze no gukundwa kwizi mbuga birashobora guhinduka mugihe mugihe porogaramu nshya nibigenda bigaragara.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Vietnam, kimwe n’ibindi bihugu, ifite amashyirahamwe atandukanye ahagarariye kandi ashyigikira inzego zitandukanye zubukungu bwacyo. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Vietnam hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Vietnam (VCCI) - VCCI ni umuryango w’igihugu uhagarariye umuryango w’ubucuruzi muri Vietnam. Itera imbere mu bukungu, ubucuruzi, n’ishoramari mu gihugu. Urubuga: https://vcci.com.vn/ 2. Ishyirahamwe ry’amabanki ya Vietnam (VNBA) - Iri shyirahamwe rihagarariye amabanki y’ubucuruzi akorera muri Vietnam kandi agira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere urwego rw’amabanki. Urubuga: http://www.vba.org.vn/ 3. Ishyirahamwe ry’imyenda n’imyenda ya Vietnam (VITAS) - VITAS ishinzwe guteza imbere no guteza imbere inganda z’imyenda n’imyenda, umwe mu bagize uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Vietnam. Urubuga: http://vietnamtextile.org.vn/ 4. Ishyirahamwe ry’ibyuma bya Vietnam (VSA) - VSA ihagarariye abakora ibyuma mu turere dutandukanye muri Vietnam kandi igamije guteza imbere iterambere rirambye kuri uru rwego rukomeye. Urubuga: http://vnsteel.vn/en/urugo-en 5. Ishyirahamwe ry’imitungo ya Ho Chi Minh (HoREA) - HoREA yunganira abashinzwe iterambere ry’imitungo itimukanwa, abashoramari, abashoramari, abahuza, hamwe n’inzobere mu bikorwa bijyanye n’umutungo mu mujyi wa Ho Chi Minh. Urubuga: https://horea.org/ 6. Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga (IDA) - IDA yibanda ku guteza imbere iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu nzego zinyuranye zirimo serivisi zohereza hanze porogaramu, guteza imbere imiyoboro ya e-ubucuruzi, guhanga ibikoresho bya sisitemu n'ibindi. Urubuga: https://ida.gov.vn/ 7. Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zikora ibiribwa byo mu mujyi wa Ho Chi Minh (FIAHCMC) - FIAHCMC ishyigikira ubucuruzi bw’inganda zikora ibiribwa zitanga urubuga rwo guhanahana amakuru kugira ngo zishimangire ubufatanye hagati y’ibigo. Urubuga: https://fiahcmc.com/ 8. Urugereko rw’ubucuruzi rushobora kongera ingufu (REBUS) - REBUS ihagarariye ibigo bigira uruhare mu kubyaza ingufu ingufu nk’umuyaga, izuba, n’ibinyabuzima muri Vietnam. Urubuga: http://rebvietnam.com/ Izi nizo ngero nkeya zamashyirahamwe menshi yinganda ziboneka muri Vietnam. Aya mashyirahamwe agira uruhare runini mu kuzamura no guteza imbere inganda zabo mu gihe agira uruhare mu iterambere rusange ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Vietnam ni igihugu cy’amajyepfo yuburasirazuba bwa Aziya gifite ubukungu bwiyongera kandi amahirwe menshi yubucuruzi nishoramari. Hariho imbuga nyinshi zubukungu nubucuruzi zitanga amakuru kumahirwe yubucuruzi, imiterere yisoko, amabwiriza, na politiki yishoramari muri Vietnam. Dore bimwe byingenzi: 1. Minisiteri y’inganda n’ubucuruzi: Urubuga rwemewe rwa Minisiteri rutanga amakuru yuzuye kuri politiki y’ubucuruzi ya Vietnam, amabwiriza, ibidukikije, amahirwe y’ishoramari, n'imibare. Urubuga: http://www.moit.gov.vn/ 2. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Vietnam (VCCI): VCCI ni umuryango ukomeye uhagarariye umuryango w’ubucuruzi wa Vietnam. Urubuga rwabo rutanga ubumenyi bwingenzi muburyo ubukungu bwifashe muri iki gihe, umurongo ngenderwaho w’ishoramari mu mahanga, kuvugurura amategeko, ndetse n’ibikorwa byo guhuza ibikorwa. Urubuga: https://en.vcci.com.vn/ 3. Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi muri Vietnam (VIETRADE): VIETRADE ikorera muri minisiteri yinganda nubucuruzi kugirango iteze imbere ibikorwa byubucuruzi muri Vietnam. Urubuga rwabo rukora nkurubuga rwubucuruzi bwamahanga gushakisha amahirwe yo gutumiza no kohereza hanze hamwe namasosiyete yo muri Vietnam. Urubuga: http://vietrade.gov.vn/en 4. Ikigo gishinzwe ishoramari mu mahanga (FIA): FIA ishinzwe gukurura ishoramari ritaziguye (FDI) muri Vietnam. Urubuga rwabo rutanga amakuru kuri politiki yishoramari, inyandiko zihariye zubuyobozi; irerekana kandi parike yinganda ziboneka kugirango abashoramari babitekerezeho. Urubuga: https://fia.mpi.gov.vn/Page/Urugo.aspx?lang=en-US 5.Ubuyobozi bwa Vietnam Maritime: Niba ushishikajwe no gutwara abantu mu nyanja cyangwa serivisi zo kohereza muri Vietnam, uru rubuga rutanga ibikoresho bifasha nkamabwiriza ajyanye nicyambu / ibipimo / ibikoresho bikenewe mubikorwa mpuzamahanga byubucuruzi. Urubuga: http://www.vma.gov.vn/en/ 6. Ihuriro ry’ubucuruzi rya Vietnam (VBF): VBF ikora nk'urubuga ruhuza imishinga y’amahanga ikorera muri Vietnam kugira ngo baganire ku mbogamizi zihura n’ubucuruzi mu nzego zitandukanye nko korohereza ubucuruzi cyangwa ibibazo by’umurimo. Urubuga: http: //vbf.org.vn/urugo.html? Lang = en 7. Ishyirahamwe rya Vietnam ryibigo bito n'ibiciriritse (VINASME): Uyu muryango ugamije gutera inkunga imishinga mito n'iciriritse (SMEs) muri Vietnam. Urubuga rwabo rugaragaza amakuru, ibyabaye, nibikoresho bijyanye na SMEs. Urubuga: http://www.vinasme.vn/ Izi mbuga zitanga amakuru atandukanye ku iterambere ry’ubukungu bwa Vietnam, politiki y’ubucuruzi, amahirwe yo gushora imari, amabwiriza yihariye y’inganda. Nibyingenzi gukora ubushakashatsi kuriyi mbuga ukurikije umurongo wihariye ushishikajwe namakuru arambuye kubijyanye no gukora ubucuruzi muri Vietnam.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hariho amakuru menshi yubucuruzi yibibazo biboneka kuri Vietnam. Dore ingero nke hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Ishami rusange rya gasutamo ya Vietnam: URL: http://www.customs.gov.vn/ 2. Minisiteri y'Igenamigambi n'ishoramari: URL: http://mpi.gov.vn/en/ 3. Igisubizo cy’ubucuruzi rusange ku isi (WITS): URL: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/VNM 4. Atlas y'Ubucuruzi ku Isi: URL: https://www.gtis.com/gtaindex/comtrade-guhuza#/ 5. Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy'ubucuruzi (ITC): URL: https://trains.unctad.org/# 6. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Vietnam (VCCI): URL: http://vcci.com.vn/en/urugo Izi mbuga zitanga amakuru menshi ajyanye nubucuruzi bwa Vietnam, harimo imibare itumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, isesengura ry’isoko, amahirwe yo gushora imari, amabwiriza y’ubucuruzi, n’ibindi. Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka no kumenya neza amakuru bishobora gutandukana bitewe ninkomoko yabajijwe hamwe nibisabwa byubushakashatsi ushobora kuba ufite. Buri gihe birasabwa guhuza amakuru aturuka ahantu henshi kugirango tumenye neza amakuru yubucuruzi bwa Vietnam.

B2b

Vietnam, nkubukungu bwihuta cyane mu majyepfo yuburasirazuba bwa Aziya, ifite urubuga rwa B2B rwita kubucuruzi bushakisha amahirwe yubucuruzi. Hano hari urubuga rukomeye rwa B2B muri Vietnam hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. VietnamWorks (www.vietnamworks.com): Nubwo izwi cyane nkurubuga rwakazi, VietnamWorks nayo itanga urubuga kubucuruzi bwo guhuza no kwishora mubikorwa bya B2B. Itanga uburyo bwo kugera kubaterankunga nabatanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye. 2. Alibaba.com (www.alibaba.com): Nka imwe mu mbuga nini ku isi B2B, Alibaba.com ikubiyemo umubare munini w’ubucuruzi bwa Vietnam butanga ibicuruzwa na serivisi mu nzego nyinshi. Iremera abakoresha guhuza no kuganira muburyo butaziguye nabatanga isoko. 3. TradeKey Vietnam (www.tradekey.com/country/vietnam.htm): Igice cyumuyoboro wa TradeKey, iyi platform yorohereza ubucuruzi hagati yabatanga n'abaguzi baturutse kwisi. Irimo ibigo bya Vietnam bifuza ubufatanye mpuzamahanga mubucuruzi. 4. EC21 (www.ec21.com/vn): EC21 yakiriye amakuru menshi yamasosiyete yo muri Vietnam ashaka ubufatanye mpuzamahanga cyangwa amahirwe yo kwaguka. Abakoresha barashobora kubona ababikora, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, abatumiza mu mahanga, abadandaza, hamwe nabatanga serivise mumirenge myinshi hano. 5. Inkomoko yisi yose Vietnam (www.globalsources.com/VNFH): Kwibanda ku bicuruzwa biva mu masoko yo muri Aziya, Global Sources ifite igice cyihariye kubatanga isoko rya Vietnam bifuza guhuza nabaguzi kwisi yose. 6.TradeWheel - www.tradewheel.vn: UbucuruziWheel iragenda ikundwa cyane kuko itanga uburyo bwo gucuruza umutekano kumurongo hagati yabaguzi n’abagurisha. Hamwe n'imitwaro y'ibyiciro irahari, itanga hafi yinganda zose zikenewe. Izi ni ingero nke gusa za platform ya B2B muri Vietnam ishobora kuba umutungo wingenzi kubucuruzi bushaka amahirwe yubucuruzi mumipaka yigihugu cyangwa hanze yacyo.
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