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Incamake y'igihugu
Kolombiya, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Kolombiya, ni igihugu giherereye muri Amerika y'Epfo. Hamwe n'amateka akomeye n'umuco utandukanye, Kolombiya bakunze kwita "irembo rya Amerika yepfo." Ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare miliyoni 1.14, ihuza imbibi na Panama, Venezuwela, Burezili, Ecuador na Peru. Umurwa mukuru wa Kolombiya ni Bogotá. Ikora nk'ikigo cya politiki n'ubukungu by'igihugu. Ururimi rwemewe ruvugwa muri Kolombiya ni icyesipanyoli, ariko hariho n'indimi kavukire nyinshi zivugwa mu turere dutandukanye. Kolombiya ituwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 50 bituma iba igihugu cya gatatu gituwe cyane muri Amerika y'Epfo. Abaturage ba Kolombiya bazwiho ubwuzu no kwakira abashyitsi. Imiterere ya Kolombiya iratandukanye cyane mukarere kayo. Niho hari imisozi itangaje irimo ibice by'imisozi ya Andes inyura mu burengerazuba. Ubwiza nyaburanga burimo kandi inyanja nziza cyane ku nyanja ya pasifika no ku nyanja ya Karayibe. Mu bijyanye n'ubukungu, ikawa igira uruhare runini mu nganda zohereza ibicuruzwa muri Kolombiya. Byongeye kandi, yagiye itandukana mu nzego nk'umusaruro wa peteroli, inganda, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'ubuhinzi. Kolombiya yagize ibibazo byinshi mugihe ariko imaze gutera intambwe igaragara mu gutuza no gutera imbere mumyaka mirongo ishize. Icyakora, iracyafite ibibazo nk'ubusumbane, ruswa ya politiki, no gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge. Guverinoma ya Kolombiya ikomeje gukora cyane mu bikorwa byo kubaka amahoro, ubwiyunge, ndetse no kutabana neza mu turere dutandukanye. Mu gusoza, Kolombiya iragaragara kubera imico itandukanye idasanzwe, ubwiza nyaburanga, abantu basusurutse, hamwe nimbaraga zikomeje kuganisha ku mahoro.Nubwo ibibazo bikomeje, abanyakolombiya ntibihangana kandi bafite ibyiringiro by'ejo hazaza habo. Hamwe n'imijyi yacyo ikomeye, ibyiza nyaburanga, iminsi mikuru ndangamuco, & biryoshye cuisine, iki gihugu kidasanzwe gitanga ikintu kubantu bose!
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Ifaranga rya Kolombiya ni Peso wo muri Kolombiya (COP). Ni ifaranga ryemewe kuva 1837 kandi risanzwe rigereranwa na $. COP ije mu biceri by'amadini atandukanye, harimo 50, 100, 200, na 500 pesos. Inoti ziboneka mu madorari 1.000, 2000, 5.000, 10,000, 20.000 kandi iherutse kwerekana indangagaciro nshya nka: 10.000; 50.00; 200.00; 500.00. Igipimo cy’ivunjisha rya peso yo muri Kolombiya kirashobora gutandukana nandi mafaranga nkamadorari yAmerika cyangwa Euro. Nibyiza kugenzura igipimo cyivunjisha kiriho mbere yubucuruzi bwimari kugirango umenye neza umubare wamafaranga wakiriye kubwawe. Mu mijyi minini ya Kolombiya cyangwa mu bukerarugendo nka Bogota cyangwa Cartagena ku bibuga by’indege mpuzamahanga na banki z’ubucuruzi bitanga serivisi z’ivunjisha aho abagenzi bashobora guhindura amafaranga yabo muri pesos yo muri Kolombiya. Ikarita y'inguzanyo yemerwa cyane mubigo byinshi nka hoteri, amaresitora, hamwe n’ahantu hacururizwa. Ikarita yinguzanyo yemerwa cyane ni Visa na Mastercard ariko burigihe nibyiza kugira amafaranga mumaboko mato mato ashobora kuba adafite ubwo buryo. Muri rusange, peso yo muri Kolombiya ni ifaranga ryemewe rikoreshwa muri Kolombiya hamwe n’ihindagurika ry’ivunjisha ugereranije n’andi mafranga. Nibyiza gukora ubushakashatsi ku gipimo cy’ivunjisha mbere y’uruzinduko rwawe niba uteganya gukoresha amafaranga igihe ugenda muri Kolombiya. Ibigo byinshi nabyo byemera ikarita yinguzanyo bityo kugira uruvange rwamafaranga namakarita birashobora kuba ingirakamaro mugihe cyawe.Hariho uburyo butandukanye buboneka kubashyitsi b’abanyamahanga bifuza guhindura amafaranga yabo muri pesos mugihe basuye iki gihugu cyiza.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe rya Kolombiya ni peso yo muri Kolombiya (COP). Kubijyanye n’igipimo cy’ivunjisha ugereranije n’amafaranga akomeye ku isi, nyamuneka shakisha munsi y’imibare rusange. Ariko, menya ko igipimo cyivunjisha gihora gihindagurika kandi gishobora gutandukana ukurikije ibintu byinshi: 1 US $ (~ USD) = Hafi 3.900 kugeza 4000 Pesos yo muri Kolombiya (COP) 1 Euro (~ EUR) = Hafi ya 4500 kugeza 4,600 Pesos yo muri Kolombiya (COP) 1 Pound Sterling yo mu Bwongereza (~ GBP) = Hafi ya 5.200 kugeza 5.300 Pesos yo muri Kolombiya (COP) 1 Amadolari y'Abanyakanada (~ CAD) = Hafi ya 3.000 kugeza 3,100 Pesos yo muri Kolombiya (COP) 1 Amadolari ya Australiya (~ AUD) = Hafi ya 2.800 kugeza 2.900 Pesos yo muri Kolombiya (COP) Nyamuneka menya ko iyi mibare yerekana gusa kandi ntishobora kwerekana igipimo cyivunjisha kiriho. Birasabwa kugenzura hamwe ninkomoko yizewe cyangwa ibigo byimari mugihe nyacyo cyangwa amakuru agezweho yivunjisha.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Kolombiya ni igihugu gifite umuco gakondo kandi iminsi mikuru myinshi yizihizwa umwaka wose. Dore iminsi mikuru mikuru n'ibirori muri Kolombiya: 1. Umunsi wubwigenge (20 Nyakanga): Kolombiya yizihije ubwigenge bwayo ku butegetsi bwa Espagne kuri uyumunsi. Ibirori birimo parade, umuziki gakondo, kubyina imbyino, fireworks, nibirori byo mumuhanda mugihugu hose. 2. Carnaval de Barranquilla (Gashyantare / Werurwe): Uyu ni umwe mu minsi mikuru mikuru ya karnivali ku isi, yemejwe na UNESCO nk'igihangano cy'umurage wo mu kanwa no mu buryo butagaragara bw'ikiremwamuntu. Irimo parade y'amabara afite ibireremba, imbyino gakondo nka cumbia na mapalé, ibitaramo bya muzika, n'imyambarire idasobanutse. 3. Festival de la Leyenda Vallenata (Mata): Yabereye mu mujyi wa Valledupar, iri serukiramuco ryizihiza umuziki wa vallenato - injyana gakondo ya Kolombiya yemewe na UNESCO nkumurage ndangamuco udasanzwe wubumuntu. Iri serukiramuco ririmo amarushanwa hagati y'abacuranzi mu byiciro bitandukanye. 4. Semana Santa (Icyumweru gitagatifu): Uyu munsi mukuru w’amadini ubera muri Kolombiya mu cyumweru cya Pasika ugana ku cyumweru cya Pasika. Harimo imyigaragambyo yerekana amashusho ya Bibiliya, imihango y'idini ibera mu matorero yo mu gihugu hose. 5.Imurikagurisha rya Cali: Bizwi kandi nka Feria de Cali, riba buri Ukuboza mu mujyi wa Cali - ufatwa nk'umurwa mukuru wa salsa wa Kolombiya. Imurikagurisha ririmo ibitaramo byinshi by'imbyino zaturutse mu matsinda ya salsa yaho hamwe n'ibitaramo, karnivali, n'ibirori by'imikino. 6 ikigamijwe nukwibuka abagize umuryango bakunzwe bapfuye mugihe bishimira ubuzima bwabo. 7.Ibiruhuko rusange: Abanyakolombiya na bo bizihiza iminsi mikuru irimo umunsi mushya (1 Mutarama), umunsi w'abakozi (1 Gicurasi), umunsi wa Noheri (25 Ukuboza), n'ibindi. Iyi minsi mikuru nibiruhuko byerekana umurage gakondo wumuco wa Kolombiya kandi ni igice cyingenzi kiranga igihugu.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Kolombiya ni igihugu giherereye muri Amerika yepfo kandi kizwiho ubukungu butandukanye. Igihugu gifite ibidukikije by’ubucuruzi, aho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bigira uruhare runini mu kuzamuka kw’ubukungu. Nkigihugu kigamije kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, Kolombiya yohereza cyane cyane ibicuruzwa nka peteroli, amakara, ikawa, ibitoki, indabyo zaciwe, na zahabu. Ibicuruzwa bigira uruhare runini mu kwinjiza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli muri Kolombiya zirazwi cyane kuko zifite igice kinini cy’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Mu myaka yashize, hibanzwe cyane ku gutandukanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bya Kolombiya birenze ibicuruzwa gakondo. Guverinoma yateje imbere cyane inzego zidasanzwe nka serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ndetse n’ubucuruzi bwohereza hanze kugira ngo amahirwe y’isoko ku isi yose. Ku bijyanye n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga, Kolombiya yishingikiriza ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye nk'imashini n'ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu, imiti, ibicuruzwa bikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n'imyenda. Amerika ikomeje kuba umwe mu bafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu bucuruzi haba mu mahanga no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze; ariko, igihugu gifite kandi umubano wubucuruzi n’ibihugu byo muri Amerika y'Epfo n'Uburayi. Byongeye kandi, Kolombiya yagize uruhare mu kugira uruhare mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi mu karere kugira ngo izamure ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Igihugu kiri mu masezerano y’ubumwe bwa pasifika arimo Mexico Peru, na Chili. Igamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi hagati y’akarere hagabanywa inzitizi z’amahoro mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango. Hariho imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe zigira ingaruka kubucuruzi bwa Kolombiya. Kurugero, ibikorwa remezo bidahagije birashobora kubangamira ubwikorezi bwibicuruzwa mu turere twose.Ikindi kandi, imibereho-politiki nko gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa impungenge z'umutekano birashobora rimwe na rimwe guteza ingaruka ku ishoramari ry’amahanga.Nyamara, guverinoma ikomeje gufata ingamba zigamije gukemura ibyo bibazo- guteza imbere ishoramari -inshuti za politiki & gahunda zubaka amahoro, kugirango iterambere ryifashe neza. Muri rusange, imiterere y’ubucuruzi ya Kolombiya ifite imbaraga n’amahirwe atandukanye y’ubucuruzi agaragara mu nganda. Gucunga neza umutungo hamwe n’ubufatanye bufatika bibashyira ku isoko mpuzamahanga, byorohereza iterambere ry’ejo hazaza kuri iki gihugu cyo muri Amerika yepfo.
Iterambere ryisoko
Kolombiya, nk'igihugu giherereye muri Amerika y'Epfo, gifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Hamwe n’umutungo utandukanye w’umutungo kamere, ibikomoka ku buhinzi, n’inganda zigenda ziyongera, Kolombiya ifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura imishinga mpuzamahanga no kwagura ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigira uruhare mu isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bwa Kolombiya n’ubucuruzi bwaho. Kuba hafi ya Amerika ya Ruguru hamwe n’ibindi bihugu byo muri Amerika y'Epfo bituma byoroha kugera ku masoko muri utwo turere. Ibikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu byateye imbere mu gihugu byorohereza urujya n'uruza rw'ibicuruzwa, bikabera ihuriro ryiza ry'ibikorwa byo kugabura. Kolombiya izwiho kuba ifite ibinyabuzima byinshi ndetse n'ubutaka burumbuka, butuma habaho umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi butandukanye nk'ikawa, ibitoki, indabyo zaciwe, n'imbuto zo mu turere dushyuha. Ibicuruzwa bikenerwa cyane kwisi yose kubera ubuziranenge bwihariye. Mu kuzamura imikorere y’ubuhinzi no gushora imari mu ikoranabuhanga nk’ubuhinzi bwuzuye cyangwa uburyo bwo guhinga kama, Kolombiya irashobora kwishora mu nganda z’ibiribwa kama kandi igaha abakiriya ubuzima bwabo ku isi. Byongeye kandi, Kolombiya yagize iterambere rirambye mu bukungu mu myaka icumi ishize. Iri terambere ryatumye umubare w’amafaranga yinjira mu baguzi ba Kolombiya ubu basaba ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ku isi. Ibi biratanga amahirwe kumasosiyete mpuzamahanga ashaka amasoko mashya kubicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi. Byongeye kandi, uruganda rukora inganda muri Kolombiya rwagiye rwiyongera cyane hamwe n’amasosiyete yo ku isi ashyiraho ibikorwa by’umusaruro muri iki gihugu kubera ibiciro by’abakozi bahatanira amasoko ndetse n’ubushake bwa leta. Gukora amamodoka, inganda / imyenda yimyenda (cyane cyane imyenda ya siporo ikora), ibikoresho byikoranabuhanga byikoranabuhanga ni imirenge imwe yerekana ubushobozi buhebuje. Nubwo ibyo byiringiro, haracyari imbogamizi zikeneye gukemurwa nkibikorwa bya bureucratique bijyanye na gasutamo ya gasutamo cyangwa imishyikirano yubucuruzi na bagenzi babo mpuzamahanga bakeneye gukorera mu mucyo. Byongeye kandi, politiki irambye yiterambere igamije kubungabunga umutungo kamere nindi mbogamizi isaba kwitabwaho mugutezimbere ubukungu Mu gusoza, hashyizweho n’ubutaka bwiza hamwe n’umutungo kamere, Columbia yitabira kenshi ku isoko ry’ibicuruzwa ku isi no kuba hari abakozi bafite ubumenyi + ingamba zafashwe mu rwego rwo koroshya ubucuruzi bituma habaho amahirwe yo kuzamuka ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bityo bikazamura ubukungu muri rusange. Hashyizweho ingufu za guverinoma n’abikorera ku giti cyabo, ubushobozi bw’iterambere ry’isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Kolombiya rikomeje gutanga icyizere.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bizwi ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Kolombiya, hari ibintu byinshi tugomba gusuzuma. Kolombiya ifite ubukungu butandukanye n'inganda zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, peteroli na gaze, imyenda, n'ubucukuzi. Byongeye kandi, igihugu cyashyize umukono ku masezerano menshi y’ubucuruzi ku buntu azamura amahirwe y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ikintu kimwe cyibandwaho muguhitamo ibicuruzwa nibicuruzwa byubuhinzi. Kolombiya izwiho gutanga ikawa nziza kandi nziza. Ibicuruzwa bifite icyifuzo mpuzamahanga kandi birashobora kugurishwa neza mumahanga. Usibye ikawa n'indabyo, ibindi byoherezwa mu buhinzi biva muri Kolombiya birimo ibitoki, ibishyimbo bya kakao, n'imbuto zo mu turere dushyuha. Ikindi gice gikwiye kwitabwaho ni imyenda n'imyenda. Kolombiya ifite inganda zitera imbere zitera imyenda ikozwe mumibiri isanzwe nka pamba cyangwa imyenda. Uru rwego rutanga amahirwe yo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bigezweho cyangwa bidasanzwe mubishushanyo. Byongeye kandi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro muri Kolombiya bugaragaza uburyo bwo gucuruza amabuye y'agaciro nk'amakara, zahabu, amabuye ya zeru cyangwa nikel ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Kugirango uhitemo ibintu bigurishwa bishyushye muri izi nganda cyangwa izindi nzego zose zishimishije, ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi ku isoko no gusuzuma imigendekere yisi yose hamwe nuburyo bukenewe mu gihugu mubihugu bitandukanye. Ibyingenzi byingenzi ugomba gusuzuma muriki gikorwa harimo kumenya amasoko yagenewe aho hashobora gukenerwa byinshi cyangwa guhatanira ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe; gusuzuma ibyo abaguzi bakeneye; kwibanda ku buryo burambye; gusobanukirwa n'amategeko agenga ibijyanye no gutumiza mu mahanga / kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze; gusuzuma ubushobozi bwibikoresho bikenewe kugirango dushyigikire ibikorwa byohereza hanze; gusesengura ibiciro byapiganwa ugereranije nibicuruzwa bisa kwisi yose. Byongeye kandi, gushiraho umubano nabaproducer baho / ababikora kugirango ubashe kugenzura ubuziranenge burashobora kandi kuzamura ubwiza bwibicuruzwa byatoranijwe mubaguzi mumahanga. Muri make, kwibanda ku bicuruzwa bikomoka ku buhinzi nka kawa cyangwa indabyo kimwe n’imyenda / imyenda harimo ibishushanyo byihariye bishobora kuba ingirakamaro muguhitamo ibintu bigurishwa bishyushye ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Kolombiya. Ariko, kugirango bigerweho neza, guhitamo ibicuruzwa bikwiye bigomba gushingira kubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwamasoko, ibyifuzo byabakiriya, imigendekere, uburyo bwo gusaba, hamwe nibitekerezo byemewe n'amategeko bijyanye nubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Mugihe ushyira mubikorwa izi ngamba, bizanagaragaza ko bikwiye guteza imbere umubano nabaproducer baho kandi bakurikiza. ingamba zo kugenzura ubuziranenge.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Kolombiya, igihugu giherereye muri Amerika yepfo, gifite imiterere yihariye yabakiriya na kirazira bigomba kwitabwaho. Ibiranga abakiriya: 1. Igishika n'umuntu ku giti cye: Abanyakolombiya baha agaciro umubano bwite kandi bashyira imbere kubaka ikizere hamwe nabandi. Bashima imikoranire ya gicuti kandi akenshi bahitamo gukora ubucuruzi nabantu bazi cyangwa bashizeho ubwumvikane. 2. Ishingiye kumuryango: Umuryango ugira uruhare runini mumico ya Kolombiya, kubwibyo ibyifuzo byumuryango nibitekerezo bigira uruhare runini mubyemezo byubuguzi. 3. Akamaro ko kugaragara: Abanyakolombiya bashimangira imyambarire yabo. Kwambara neza bikunze kugaragara nkikimenyetso cyo kwiyubaha ndetse nabandi, cyane cyane mubucuruzi. 4. Umuco wo Kungurana ibitekerezo: Gutombora cyangwa kuganira ibiciro birasanzwe mubakiriya ba Kolombiya, cyane cyane kumasoko yaho cyangwa mugihe uguze ibintu bifite agaciro kanini. 5. Ubudahemuka Bukaze: Iyo ikizere kimaze kugerwaho, Abanyakolombiya bakunda kuba abakiriya b'indahemuka cyane baha agaciro umubano w'igihe kirekire n'ibigo. Kirazira: 1. Irinde kuganira ku ngingo zoroshye nka politiki cyangwa idini kugeza igihe utangiriye umubano wa hafi ushingiye ku kwizerana. 2.Ibiganiro bijyanye nakazi mugihe cyibikorwa byimibereho ntibishobora kwakirwa neza nabanya Kolombiya kuko bakunda guhitamo gutandukanya ibintu byumwuga bitandukanye nubusabane bwabo. 3.Ntugatange ibitekerezo bibi kubijyanye n'umuco, imigenzo, cyangwa imigenzo ya Kolombiya kuko bishobora kubonwa ko ari bibi. 4. Irinde ibibazo byubahiriza igihe nkuko Abanyakolombiya bashima kubahiriza igihe haba mubiterane mbonezamubano ndetse no mubucuruzi. Gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya bizafasha ubucuruzi guhuza uburyo bwabo bwo kurushaho gukorana neza nabakiriya ba Kolombiya mugihe tuzirikana kirazira z'umuco kugirango ubufatanye butere imbere
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo n'amabwiriza muri Kolombiya Kolombiya, iherereye muri Amerika yepfo, ifite imiyoborere n’amabwiriza yihariye abagenzi bagomba kumenya igihe binjiye cyangwa bava mu gihugu. Aya mabwiriza agamije kugenzura ibicuruzwa bitembera no kubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi. Icyambere, abashyitsi bose bagomba kwerekana pasiporo yemewe mugihe ugeze muri Kolombiya. Passeport igomba kuba ifite nibura amezi atandatu yemewe kuva umunsi yinjiye. Byongeye kandi, abanyamahanga bamwe bashobora gusaba viza mbere yo kujya muri Kolombiya. Ni ngombwa gusuzuma niba ubwenegihugu bwawe busaba viza hanyuma ukabona iyo bibaye ngombwa. Ku bijyanye n'imizigo, buri mugenzi agomba kuzuza urupapuro rwerekana imenyekanisha rya gasutamo akigera muri Kolombiya. Iyi fomu ikubiyemo amakuru ajyanye nibintu bizanwa mu gihugu, nk'ibintu bwite cyangwa ibicuruzwa byose bigenewe ubucuruzi. Ni ngombwa gutangaza neza ibintu byose kugirango wirinde ingorane zose mugihe cyo kugenzura. Kolombiya ishyiraho ibihano ku bintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora gutumizwa mu mahanga cyangwa byoherezwa mu gihugu kubera impamvu zitandukanye nko kwita ku buzima cyangwa kubungabunga umuco. Ingero zirimo imbunda, ibiyobyabwenge, ibicuruzwa byiganano, ibihangano bya kera, nibicuruzwa byangiritse. Abagenzi bagomba kumenyera ibyo bintu bibujijwe mbere kugirango bakumire ibibazo byemewe n'amategeko. Abakozi ba gasutamo bakora igenzura uko bishakiye cyangwa bashingiye ku gukeka ku bibuga by'indege n'ahandi binjira muri Kolombiya. Iri genzura ririmo imashini X-ray no kugenzura intoki imizigo. Ubufatanye nabayobozi nibyingenzi muriki gikorwa mugutanga amakuru yukuri iyo abajijwe. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko hari imipaka yihariye kumafaranga atishyurwa kubintu bimwe byazanywe muri Kolombiya utishyuye imisoro cyangwa amahoro. Izi mipaka zikoreshwa mubinyobwa bisindisha, ibicuruzwa byitabi, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, imitako, nibindi. Mu gusoza, hagomba kwitabwaho mugihe winjiye cyangwa uvuye muri Kolombiya kubijyanye na sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo. Kumenya aya mabwiriza bizatuma inzira yinjira cyangwa igenda neza mugihe wirinze ibibazo byose byemewe n'amategeko.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Kolombiya igamije kugenzura ibicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu no kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu. Igihugu gishyiraho imisoro ku bicuruzwa ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye bishingiye ku byiciro byabo muri gahunda ya Andean Community Harmonized System. Muri rusange Kolombiya ikoresha ibiciro bya ad valorem, bibarwa nkijanisha ryibicuruzwa. Igipimo cyibiciro kiratandukanye bitewe nubwoko bwibicuruzwa byatumijwe hanze. Kurugero, ibiribwa byibanze nkingano, umuceri, nibigori bifite ibiciro biri hasi ugereranije nibicuruzwa byiza nkibinyabiziga cyangwa ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Byongeye kandi, Kolombiya ikoresha sisitemu yo mu byiciro bitatu: ibyingenzi, bisanzwe, nibidasanzwe. Igiciro cyibanze gikoreshwa mubihugu Kolombiya ifite amasezerano yubucuruzi ku buntu (FTAs), itanga ibiciro byagabanijwe cyangwa gusonerwa ibicuruzwa byihariye. Kugeza ubu, Kolombiya ifite FTA n'ibihugu nka Amerika na Mexico. Byongeye kandi, Kolombiya irashobora gushyira mu bikorwa imisoro idasanzwe yiswe "imisoro yihariye yo gukoresha" ku bintu bimwe na bimwe nk'inzoga, ibicuruzwa by'itabi, n'ibitumizwa mu mahanga. Iyi misoro igamije guca intege ibicuruzwa bikabije mu gihe byinjiza leta amafaranga. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko ukurikije inkomoko yabyo cyangwa intego zabo mubice byubukungu byashyizwe mu byiciro nka gasutamo idasanzwe (Zonas Francas) cyangwa Ubucuruzi bw’Ubucuruzi bwisanzuye (Zonas de Libre Comercio), ibicuruzwa bimwe bitumizwa mu mahanga bishobora kungukirwa no gusonerwa igice cyangwa burundu ku musoro ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Kolombiya iringaniza kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu no guteza imbere umubano w’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga binyuze mu masezerano y’inyungu. Igamije kwinjiza leta mu gihe hubahirizwa amarushanwa akwiye ku masoko yo mu gihugu agenga ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga neza.
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ya Kolombiya igamije guteza imbere ubukungu no kongera ihiganwa ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Igihugu cyashyize mu bikorwa ingamba zitandukanye zo gushishikariza ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu nzego zitandukanye. Muri rusange, Kolombiya ntabwo ishyiraho imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa byinshi. Iki cyemezo kigaragaza ingamba za guverinoma zo gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga no kuzamura ubucuruzi. Ariko, hariho ibitari bike aho ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bigenerwa imisoro yohereza hanze. Kimwe muri ibyo bidasanzwe ni kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Kolombiya nimwe mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi mu mahanga ku isi, kandi ikoresha ubwami bwa ad valorem ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga hashingiwe ku giciro mpuzamahanga. Ijanisha riratandukanye bitewe nibintu nkubuziranenge nibisoko. Ikindi kidasanzwe kigaragara ni amabuye ya zeru, agengwa n’amategeko agenga imisoro agamije gushyigikira iterambere ry’inganda. Kohereza ibicuruzwa bya emaragido bigomba kubahiriza inzira zihariye no kwishyura amafaranga ukurikije agaciro k'ibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, ibikomoka ku buhinzi bishobora guhura n’isuku cyangwa phytosanitarite iyo byoherejwe muri Kolombiya kubera amasezerano y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga cyangwa impungenge z’ubuzima mu bihugu bitumiza mu mahanga. Kubahiriza aya mabwiriza bishobora kuba bikubiyemo amafaranga yinyongera cyangwa ibisabwa kubohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Muri rusange, Kolombiya yafashe politiki nziza y’imisoro yohereza mu mahanga mu rwego rwo gushishikariza kwagura ubucuruzi. Mu gukuraho cyangwa kugabanya imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa byinshi, guverinoma igamije kuzamura ubukungu no gukurura ishoramari mu gihe inzego zimwe na zimwe zubahiriza amabwiriza agenga imari.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Kolombiya ni igihugu giherereye muri Amerika y'Epfo kizwiho umuco ukungahaye, ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, ndetse n'ubukungu bugenda bwiyongera. Guverinoma ya Kolombiya yashyize mu bikorwa gahunda ihamye yo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze kugira ngo ireme kandi ryubahirize ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu gihugu. Icyemezo cyo kohereza hanze kirakenewe mu nganda zitandukanye zirimo ubuhinzi, inganda, n’imiti. Inzira ikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi kugirango ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga kandi byubahirize amabwiriza yashyizweho n’ibihugu bitumiza mu mahanga. Intambwe yambere mubikorwa byo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze ni ukubona Icyemezo cyinkomoko. Iyi nyandiko igenzura ko ibicuruzwa bituruka muri Kolombiya kandi bitanga amakuru kubijyanye nibigize cyangwa uburyo bwo gukora. Yizeza abaguzi ko bagura ibicuruzwa byukuri bya Kolombiya. Ibikurikira, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kubahiriza ubuziranenge bwihariye bukoreshwa mu nganda zabo. Kurugero, ibikomoka ku buhinzi bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza akomeye yerekeranye no gukoresha imiti yica udukoko, ubuhinzi-mwimerere, n’umutekano w’ibiribwa. Ababikora bakeneye kubahiriza ingamba zo kugenzura ubuziranenge kugirango ibicuruzwa byabo byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga. Ibicuruzwa bimaze gufatwa nkibihuye n’amabwiriza akurikizwa n’ubuziranenge, bisuzumwa n’ibigo byemewe nka Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi cyangwa Ikigo cy’ubuziranenge n’icyemezo (ICONTEC). Aya mashyirahamwe akora ubugenzuzi mubikorwa byose byo gukora cyangwa kubyara umusaruro. Bitewe n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, hashobora gukenerwa izindi mpamyabumenyi nk'icyemezo cya phytosanitarite ku bicuruzwa by'ubuhinzi cyangwa ibyemezo byerekana ko byubahiriza amabwiriza yihariye y’inganda nka ISO 9000 ku masosiyete akora inganda. Hanyuma, ibyemezo byose bikenewe bimaze kuboneka neza; abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze barashobora gusaba uruhushya rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze binyuze muri DIAN (Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales), ibaha uruhushya rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa byabo muri Kolombiya byemewe n'amategeko. Mu gusoza, icyemezo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Kolombiya gikubiyemo inzira zuzuye zemeza kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga. Kubona ibyemezo byibicuruzwa byabo; Ubucuruzi bwa Kolombiya burashobora kwizerwa mumahanga mugihe butanga ibyiringiro kubyerekeranye ninkomoko yibicuruzwa nibikorwa byiza byo mu rwego rwo hejuru. (Icyitonderwa: Kubara ijambo ukuyemo intangiriro)
Basabwe ibikoresho
Kolombiya ni igihugu giherereye muri Amerika y'Epfo, kizwiho ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, umuco ukomeye, n'ubukungu bugenda bwiyongera. Mu myaka yashize, Kolombiya yateye intambwe igaragara mu kuzamura ibikorwa remezo by’ibikoresho kugira ngo ishyigikire ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi byiyongera. Hano hari bimwe mubyingenzi byingenzi byifuzo bya Kolombiya: 1. Ibyambu n'ibibuga by'indege: Kolombiya ifite ibyambu byinshi bikomeye nk'irembo rikomeye ry'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Icyambu cya Cartagena nicyo cyambu kinini mu gihugu kandi gikora nk'ahantu h'ingenzi muri Amerika y'Epfo. Icyambu cya Buenaventura ni ikindi cyambu gikomeye ku nkombe ya pasifika gifite aho gihurira na Aziya na Amerika y'Amajyaruguru. Usibye ibyambu, Kolombiya ifite ibibuga by’indege bihujwe neza nkikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya El Dorado i Bogota n’ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Jose Maria Cordova i Medellin, korohereza ubwikorezi bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa mu kirere neza. 2. Umuhanda wumuhanda: Umuhanda wumuhanda wa Kolombiya wateye imbere cyane mumyaka yashize, byoroshye gutwara ibicuruzwa mugihugu. Umuhanda Pan-Amerika uhuza imijyi minini yo mu turere dutandukanye twa Kolombiya, itanga umurongo udahuza ibikorwa bya logistique. 3. Ibikoresho bya Logistique: Ibigo byinshi by’ibikoresho byagaragaye mu turere dutandukanye twa Kolombiya kugira ngo hongerwe ibikoresho byo kubika no gukwirakwiza. Ihuriro ritanga serivisi zihuriweho nkububiko, gupakira, kuranga, ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo, nibisubizo byubwikorezi. 4. Ahantu h’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye: Kolombiya yashyizeho akarere k’ubucuruzi ku buntu (FTZs) gatanga imisoro kandi korohereza amasoko yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze cyangwa gutumiza ibikoresho fatizo ku giciro gito. Isosiyete ikorera muri FTZs irashobora kwishimira uburyo bwa gasutamo bworoshye hamwe nuburemere buke bwubuyobozi. 5.Amasezerano mpuzamahanga yubucuruzi: Gutezimbere umubano wubucuruzi ku isi kurushaho, Kolombiya ifite amasezerano mpuzamahanga yubucuruzi mpuzamahanga nka Alliance ya Pasifika (hamwe na Mexico, Peru & Chili), Mercosur (hamwe na Arijantine, Burezili & Paraguay), hamwe n’amasezerano y’umuryango wa Andean (kuri Boliviya, Ecuador & Peru). Aya masezerano yorohereza urujya n'uruza rw’ibicuruzwa hagati y’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango hagabanijwe inzitizi z’ubucuruzi. 6.Ikoranabuhanga na Digitale: Kolombiya yakoresheje ikoranabuhanga mu bikoresho byayo, biganisha ku kongera imikorere no gukorera mu mucyo. Gukoresha urubuga rwa sisitemu bituma habaho igihe nyacyo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa, gucunga neza amasoko, no kunoza imikoranire hagati yabafatanyabikorwa batandukanye. Ibi byifuzo by’ibikoresho byerekana ubushake bwa Kolombiya mu guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo bishyigikira urujya n'uruza rw’ibicuruzwa mu gihugu ndetse n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Hamwe n’ahantu hafite ingamba n’ishoramari rikomeje mu bikoresho, Kolombiya igenda iba umukinnyi ukomeye mu ihuriro ry’ibicuruzwa ku isi.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Kolombiya, iherereye muri Amerika yepfo, itanga inzira nyinshi zingenzi zo kugura no kwerekana ibicuruzwa kubucuruzi bushaka kwagura amahirwe yo gutanga amasoko. Mu myaka yashize, Kolombiya yagize iterambere rikomeye mu bukungu kandi yabaye isoko ishimishije ku baguzi mpuzamahanga. Hano hari inzira zingenzi kubaguzi mpuzamahanga gushakisha: 1. Ishyirahamwe rya Kolombiya ry’abatanga ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga bidasanzwe (ACOPI): ACOPI ni umuryango wubahwa cyane ukora ibikorwa byo kwagura imirenge itari gakondo ya Kolombiya ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Borohereza umubano utaziguye hagati yabatanga Kolombiya nabaguzi mpuzamahanga mubikorwa bitandukanye nkimyenda, ubukorikori, ibikoresho, nibindi byinshi. 2. ProColombia: ProColombia ni ikigo cya leta gishinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, ishoramari, ubukerarugendo, n’ibirango by’igihugu muri Kolombiya. Barategura ibirori byinshi mumwaka kwisi yose kugirango berekane ibicuruzwa bya Kolombiya no guhuza abatanga ibicuruzwa hamwe nabaguzi kwisi. 3. Ihuriro rihuza ubucuruzi: Ihuriro ritanga amahirwe meza yo guhuza abaguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka abatanga ibicuruzwa muri Kolombiya cyangwa abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye. Ibyumba byubucuruzi byaho bikunze gutegura ibirori nkibi aho ubucuruzi bushobora guhura nabafatanyabikorwa imbona nkubone. 4 inzobere mu nganda no kuvumbura amahirwe mashya yubucuruzi. 5 6. Andina Ihuza: Nka rimwe mu imurikagurisha rikomeye ry’itumanaho muri Amerika y'Epfo rikorwa buri mwaka muri Cartagena de Indias; iragaragaza abakinyi bakomeye binganda berekana ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rijyanye na serivise zamamaza harimo abatanga serivise za satelite nabo. 7. FITAC - Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya CIATI ku bucuruzi bw’amahanga n’ubucuruzi bwa gasutamo: Iri murikagurisha ryibanda ku bucuruzi bw’amahanga, imicungire ya gasutamo, ibikoresho, na serivisi zijyanye nabyo. Itanga urubuga rwingirakamaro kubanyamwuga kugirango baganire kubyerekezo bishya nudushya mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. 8. Feria Internacional de Bogotá (FIB): Azwi kandi nk'imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry'ubucuruzi rya Bogota, FIB ni kimwe mu bicuruzwa bizwi cyane muri Amerika y'Epfo. Gupfukirana inganda zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, ikoranabuhanga, imideri, ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu n'ibindi .. bikurura ibihumbi by'abamurika imurikagurisha mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga bashaka kwerekana ibicuruzwa byabo no kwagura imiyoboro yabo y'ubucuruzi. Twabibutsa ko kubera icyorezo cya COVID-19 ku isi, imurikagurisha n’ibikorwa byinshi bishobora kuba byarasubitswe cyangwa bigahinduka muburyo busanzwe. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa ko abaguzi mpuzamahanga bakomeza kugezwaho amakuru agezweho yerekeye ibirori biri imbere muri Kolombiya. Mu gusoza, Kolombiya itanga inzira zitandukanye zingenzi kubaguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka amahirwe yo gutanga amasoko. Izi porogaramu zitanga isoko ku batanga isoko rya Kolombiya mu nzego zinyuranye kandi zitanga inzira nini zo guhuza ibikorwa byo kwagura ubucuruzi mu gihugu.
Muri Kolombiya, moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa ni: 1. Google - moteri ishakisha izwi cyane kwisi yose, Google ikoreshwa cyane muri Kolombiya. Irashobora kuboneka kuri www.google.com.co. 2. Bing - Indi moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane kwisi yose, Bing nayo irazwi muri Kolombiya. Irashobora kuboneka kuri www.bing.com. 3. Yahoo - Yahoo Shakisha ikoreshwa numubare utari muto wAbanyakolombiya mugushakisha kwabo kumurongo. Irashobora kuboneka kuri www.search.yahoo.com. 4. DuckDuckGo - Azwiho gushyira imbere ubuzima bwite bw'abakoresha, DuckDuckGo yamenyekanye cyane mu bantu bahangayikishijwe n'umutekano wabo wo kuri interineti muri Kolombiya. Irashobora kuboneka kuri duckduckgo.com. 5. Yandex - Yandex ni moteri ishakisha Uburusiya imaze kumenyekana mu bice bya Amerika y'Epfo, harimo na Kolombiya bitewe n'ibirimo na serivisi byaho. Urashobora kuyigeraho kuri yandex.ru. 6 Ecosia- Iyi moteri ishakisha idasanzwe itera ibiti hamwe nubushakashatsi bwakozwe hifashishijwe urubuga rwayo rwashimishije abakoresha ibidukikije muri Kolombiya ndetse no ku isi yose. Urashobora kuyigeraho kuri ecosia.org 7 ShakishaEcrypt- Bisa na DuckDuckGo, SearchEncrypt isezeranya ubuzima bwite hamwe nuburambe bwo gushakisha umutekano. Bizana ibisubizo byabitswe kubusa. Urashobora kuyigeraho kuri www.searchencrypt.com Nyamuneka menya ko uru rutonde rurimo izisanzwe zikoreshwa ariko hashobora kubaho izindi moteri zishakisha zaho cyangwa zihariye ziboneka muri Kolombiya zita kubikenewe cyangwa inyungu zabantu ku mbibi zigihugu.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Kolombiya, iherereye muri Amerika yepfo, ifite paji nyinshi zingenzi zumuhondo zishobora gukoreshwa mugushakisha ubucuruzi na serivisi. Dore bimwe mubigaragara hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. PaginasAmarillas.co (Urupapuro rwumuhondo Kolombiya) - www.paginasamarillas.com.co Ubu ni bumwe mu bubiko bwuzuye kuri interineti muri Kolombiya. Irimo ibyiciro bitandukanye nka resitora, amahoteri, serivisi zumwuga, ibigo nderabuzima, nibindi byinshi. 2. AmarillasInternet.com - www.amarillasinternet.com/colombia Internet ya Amarillas itanga urubuga kubucuruzi bwo gukora imyirondoro yubucuruzi no kwamamaza serivisi zabo. Harimo urutonde rwinganda zitandukanye nko gucuruza, imodoka, ubwubatsi, nibindi byinshi. 3. Proveedores.com (Ubuyobozi bw'abatanga) - www.proveedores.com/colombia Proveedores itanga ububiko bwagutse bwabatanga nababikora muri Kolombiya mumirenge itandukanye nkimyenda, imashini & ibikoresho, imiti ninganda za plastiki. 4. Directorio de Negocios en Kolombiya (Ubucuruzi bwubucuruzi bwa Kolombiya) - www.directorionegocios.com/colombia Ububiko bwibanze ku guhuza ba rwiyemezamirimo na ba nyir'ubucuruzi muri Kolombiya. Ifasha abakoresha gushakisha ubucuruzi bwihariye cyangwa gushakisha binyuze mubyiciro nkibigo byimari & ubwishingizi cyangwa ibigo byamamaza. 5. Guias Yibanze (Abayobozi baho) - https://www.guiaslocal.co/ Guias Local nuyobora kumurongo urutonde rwamaduka na serivise zitandukanye zaho mumijyi ya Kolombiya nka Bogotá Cartagena Medellín Barranquilla Cali nibindi. Ipaji zumuhondo zitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo gushakisha amakuru yubucuruzi bwaho mu gihugu hose. Waba ushakisha ibyifuzo bya resitora cyangwa ushaka guhuza nabashinzwe gutanga serivisi zumwuga cyangwa utanga isoko muri Kolombiya ubu bubiko buzagufasha kumenya amakuru afatika neza

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Kolombiya, nk’ubukungu bwiyongera cyane muri Amerika y'Epfo, bwabonye iterambere ryinshi mu iterambere ry’urubuga rwa interineti. Igihugu gitanga urubuga rutandukanye rwizewe kandi ruzwi cyane rwo guhaha kumurongo ruhuza ibyifuzo bitandukanye byabaguzi. Hano hari bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi muri Kolombiya hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. MercadoLibre Kolombiya - Mercadolibre.com.co Kuba imwe mu masoko manini ya e-ubucuruzi muri Amerika y'Epfo, MercadoLibre itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi mubyiciro bitandukanye birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imyambaro, ibikoresho byo murugo, nibindi byinshi. 2. Linio - Linio.com.co Linio ni isoko rizwi cyane kumurongo ritanga ibicuruzwa byinshi uhereye kumyambarire nubwiza kugeza ibikoresho byo murugo hamwe nikoranabuhanga. 3. Falabella - Falabella.com.co Falabella ntabwo ari umwe mu bayobozi bayobora amatafari n'amatafari ya Kolombiya gusa ahubwo akora nk'urubuga rwa interineti aho abakiriya bashobora kugura ibintu bitandukanye nk'imyenda, ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, n'ibindi. 4. Igisibo - Igisibo.com.co Yibanze cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa by'imyenda y'amaso nka lens ya contact hamwe n'amadarubindi y'izuba, Lentesplus itanga urubuga rworohereza abakiriya kugura ibintu bijyanye nicyerekezo kubiciro byapiganwa. 5. Dafiti Kolombiya - Dafiti.com.co Dafiti kabuhariwe mu gucuruza imideli atanga icyegeranyo kinini cyimyenda kubagabo nabagore hamwe ninkweto zinkweto nibikoresho biva mubirango bizwi. 6. Jumbo Kolombiya - Jumbo.com.co Jumbo ikora nk'ububiko bwo kuri interineti butuma abakiriya batumiza ibicuruzwa byoroshye kubitanga cyangwa kubitwara hafi yububiko bwibintu byegeranye. 7. Éxito Virtual (Grupo Éxito) - ExitoVirtual.Com.Co/ Porogaramu ya Grupo Éxito itanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye uhereye ku biribwa kugeza ku bikoresho by'ubuzima cyangwa ibikenerwa mu rugo binyuze ku rubuga rwabo. 8. Alkosto - alkosto.com Alkosto izwiho gutanga ibicuruzwa byinshi bya elegitoronike nka tereviziyo, mudasobwa zigendanwa, telefone zigendanwa hamwe n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo. 9. Ububiko bwa Avianca - Avianca.com/co/es/avianca-ububiko Avianca, imwe mu ndege zikomeye za Kolombiya, ikora iduka rya interineti rifasha abagenzi kugura ibicuruzwa bijyanye ningendo birimo imizigo, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, nibindi bikoresho. Izi porogaramu za e-ubucuruzi zimaze kumenyekana no kugirirwa ikizere mubaguzi ba Kolombiya kubera serivisi zizewe hamwe nibicuruzwa bitandukanye. Wibuke ko imbuga zavuzwe zishobora guhinduka cyangwa kwaguka kwaho (.co) byihariye kuri domaine ya Kolombiya.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Kolombiya, igihugu gifite imbaraga muri Amerika yepfo, gifite imbuga nkoranyambaga abaturage bacyo bakoresha mu guhuza no kwishora hamwe nabandi. Hano hari imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane muri Kolombiya: 1. Facebook - Nka rumwe mu mbuga zikoreshwa cyane ku isi, Facebook irazwi cyane muri Kolombiya. Abantu barayikoresha mugusangira ibishya, amafoto, videwo, no guhuza inshuti nimiryango: www.facebook.com. 2. Instagram - Azwiho kwibanda ku gusangira amafoto na videwo, Instagram imaze kumenyekana cyane muri Kolombiya. Abakoresha basangira ibihe byabo kandi bagashakisha ibiri mubandi: www.instagram.com. 3. WhatsApp - Porogaramu yohererezanya ubutumwa bugendanwa ikoreshwa cyane n’Abanyakolombiya mu biganiro byihariye cyangwa itumanaho mu matsinda ku bikoresho bitandukanye: www.whatsapp.com. 4. Twitter - Urubuga rwa microblogging aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza ubutumwa bugufi bwitwa "tweet." Abanyakolombiya bakoresha Twitter kugirango bakurikirane amakuru agezweho, baganire kubyibihe, kandi bahuze nababigizemo uruhare: www.twitter.com. 5. LinkedIn - Urubuga rwumwuga ruhuza imiyoboro ikoreshwa nabanya Kolombiya mukubaka imiyoboro yabo yumwuga no kwerekana ibyo bagezeho mubikorwa: www.linkedin.com. 6. Snapchat - Yamamaye mu rubyiruko rwaruka muri Kolombiya bakunda gusangira amashusho cyangwa amashusho yigihe gito azwi nka "guswera" na bagenzi babo: www.snapchat.com. 7. TikTok - Imbuga nkoranyambaga igenda ikundwa cyane yemerera abakoresha gukora iminwa migufi yo guhuza iminwa cyangwa imbyino zimaze gukurura urubyiruko rwo muri Kolombiya: www.tiktok.com. 8 9. Youtube - Urubuga rwo gusangira amashusho aho Abanyakolombiya bareba ibintu byakozwe nabakoresha nka vlogs, amashusho yindirimbo, inyigisho cyangwa kubona ibikoresho byuburezi biturutse kubashinzwe kurema kimwe nisi yose: www.youtube.com Wibuke ko uru rutonde rutuzuye, kandi hashobora kuba hari izindi mbuga nkoranyambaga zo mu karere cyangwa iz'akarere zizwi cyane muri Kolombiya. Ni ngombwa gukomeza kumenyeshwa ibigezweho n'ibigezweho mu mbuga nkoranyambaga z'igihugu.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Kolombiya, iherereye muri Amerika yepfo, ifite ubukungu butandukanye hamwe ninganda zitandukanye. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Kolombiya nurubuga rwabo: 1. Ishyirahamwe ry’abashoramari ba Kolombiya (ANDI) - ANDI ihagarariye inyungu za ba rwiyemezamirimo bo muri Kolombiya kandi iteza imbere ubucuruzi mu nzego zitandukanye. Urubuga: https://www.andi.com.co/ 2. Ishyirahamwe ry’abakora ibikomoka kuri peteroli muri Kolombiya (ACIPET) - ACIPET yibanda ku guteza imbere iterambere no guteza imbere ubwubatsi bwa peteroli nibikorwa bifitanye isano na Kolombiya. Urubuga: https://www.acipet.com/ 3. Ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe y’uburezi muri Kolombiya (FECODE) - FECODE ni ishyirahamwe rihagarariye inzobere mu burezi muri Kolombiya, riharanira uburenganzira bwabo kandi riharanira kuzamura uburezi. Urubuga: https://fecode.edu.co/ 4. Ishyirahamwe ry’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho rya Kolombiya (ACTI) - ACTI ni ishyirahamwe ry’inganda rihagarariye amasosiyete y’ikoranabuhanga muri Kolombiya, rikora mu gushimangira urwego rw’ikoranabuhanga. Urubuga: http://www.acti.org.co/ 5. Ishyirahamwe ry’abahinzi b’ikawa muri Kolombiya (FNC) - FNC ihagarariye abahinzi b’ikawa muri Kolombiya, ishyigikira uburyo bwo gukora ikawa irambye kandi iteza imbere kumenyekana ku isi hose kubera ubwiza bw’ibishyimbo bya Kolombiya. Urubuga: https://federaciondecafeteros.org/lafederacion.aspx 6. Ishyirahamwe ry’ubukerarugendo bw’igihugu (ASOTURGUA) - ASOTURGUA ihuza amashyirahamwe atandukanye y’ubukerarugendo mu turere kugira ngo ateze imbere ubukerarugendo muri Kolombiya ashyiraho imiyoboro hagati y’abafatanyabikorwa muri urwo rwego. Urubuga: http://asoturgua.vailabcolombia.com/index.php/sobre-asoturgua/asociados 7. Sosiyete ishinzwe abashinzwe ibinyabiziga (ACOSEC) - ACOSEC yibanda ku kuzamura ubumenyi mu bumenyi bw’abashinzwe ibinyabiziga mu gihe baharanira iterambere n’iterambere ry’inganda z’imodoka muri Kolombiya. Urubuga: https://acosec.wixsite.com/acosec Nyamuneka menya ko urutonde ruri hejuru rutuzuye, kandi hariho andi mashyirahamwe menshi yinganda muri Kolombiya yita kumirenge yihariye.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Kolombiya ifite imbuga zitandukanye zubukungu nubucuruzi zitanga amakuru kumahirwe yishoramari, amabwiriza yubucuruzi, hamwe nubushishozi bwisoko. Dore bimwe mubigaragara: 1. ProColombia (www.procolombia.co): ProColombia nikigo cya leta gishinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa muri Kolombiya, ubukerarugendo n’ishoramari ry’amahanga. Urubuga rwabo rutanga amakuru yuzuye kubijyanye nubucuruzi bwa Kolombiya, amahirwe yo gushora imari, raporo zubutasi ku isoko, n’imibare y’ubucuruzi. 2. Gushora imari muri Bogota (www.investinbogota.org): Uru rubuga rwibanda ku guteza imbere ishoramari muri Bogota, umurwa mukuru wa Kolombiya. Itanga amakuru arambuye kubyerekeranye ninzego zingenzi mubukungu bwa Bogota nka serivisi za IT, inganda zihanga, ubumenyi bwubuzima, serivisi z’ibikoresho, n’inganda. 3. Ubucuruzi bwa Kolombiya (www.coltrade.org): Bikorwa na Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Ubukerarugendo muri Kolombiya uru rubuga rufasha kuzamura umubano w’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’ibindi bihugu utanga amategeko y’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi kimwe n’amabwiriza yo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga. Yorohereza ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bushishikajwe no gukora ubucuruzi n’amasosiyete yo muri Kolombiya atanga igitabo cy’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. 4. Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio (SIC) (www.sic.gov.co): SIC ni ubuyobozi bwa leta bugenga politiki y’ipiganwa n’ibirango muri Kolombiya.Bashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko ajyanye no kurengera umuguzi n’imikorere myiza y’ipiganwa. 5.Banco de la República (https://www.banrep.gov.co/en/): Banco de la República ni banki nkuru ya Kolombiya ishyira mu bikorwa politiki y’ifaranga. Itanga ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ubukungu, ibiciro, na raporo z’ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye n’imari bikenewe mubucuruzi bukora cyangwa gushora imari muri Kolombiya. Izi mbuga zitanga ibikoresho byingenzi kubantu / ibigo bifuza gushakisha amahirwe yubukungu cyangwa gushiraho umubano wubucuruzi nubucuruzi bwa Kolombiya. Nyamuneka menya ko imbuga zishobora kugira ibihe bishya cyangwa impinduka; nibyiza kubasura buri gihe cyangwa kugenzura uko bahagaze mbere yo gufata ibyemezo.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari imbuga zimwe ushobora gusangamo amakuru yubucuruzi kuri Kolombiya: 1. DANE - Ishami ry’igihugu rishinzwe ibarurishamibare: (https://www.dane.gov.co/) Uru rubuga rwa leta rwemewe rutanga amakuru atandukanye y'ibarurishamibare kuri Kolombiya, harimo n’ubucuruzi. Urashobora gushakisha imibare yubucuruzi uhitamo "Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga" kuri menu nkuru. 2. ProColombia: (https://procolombia.co/en) ProColombia ni ikigo cya leta gishinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, ubukerarugendo, n’ishoramari muri Kolombiya. Urubuga rwabo rutanga amakuru yingirakamaro ku mibare yohereza no gutumiza mu mahanga, amakuru yihariye y’umurenge, hamwe n’ubushishozi ku isoko. 3. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS): (https://wits.worldbank.org/) WITS ni data base icungwa na Banki yisi itanga amakuru arambuye kubyerekeranye n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’amahoro. Muguhitamo "Kolombiya" nkigihugu cyawe cyinyungu, urashobora kubona amakuru yubucuruzi yuzuye mubihugu byombi. 4. Umugenzi w’umuryango w’abibumbye: (https://comtrade.un.org/) Comtrade y’umuryango w’abibumbye ni ububiko bw’imibare mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga ikorwa n’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye rishinzwe ibarurishamibare. Urashobora gushakisha imibare yo gutumiza no kohereza muri Kolombiya mugaragaza ibipimo bifatika nkibicuruzwa, umufatanyabikorwa wigihugu cyangwa akarere. 5. Indorerezi y’ubukungu bwifashe nabi: Wibuke kugenzura ukuri nukuri kwamakuru yakuwe kururu rubuga kuko ashobora kuba afite uburyo butandukanye cyangwa ibihe byo gutanga raporo mugihe kimwe.

B2b

Kolombiya nigihugu gikomeye muri Amerika yepfo gitanga urubuga rwa B2B rutandukanye rwo guhuza ibikorwa nubucuruzi. Ibikurikira nimwe mubikorwa bya B2B bizwi muri Kolombiya hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. ConnectAmericas (www.connectamericas.com): Uru rubuga ruri muri banki ishinzwe iterambere ry’Amerika kandi rugamije guhuza ubucuruzi buturutse muri Amerika yose, harimo na Kolombiya. Itanga amahirwe yo gucuruza, gutera inkunga, no gushora imari. 2. ProColombia (www.procolombia.co): ProColombia ni ikigo cya leta gishinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa muri Kolombiya, ubukerarugendo n’ishoramari. Urubuga rwabo rutanga amakuru yingirakamaro kumahirwe yubucuruzi muri Kolombiya kandi yorohereza amasano hagati yabatanga ibicuruzwa n'abaguzi mpuzamahanga. 3. Alianza Empresarial para el Comercio (www.alibox.co): Alianza Empresarial para el Comercio yibanze ku kuzamura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Kolombiya byorohereza imikoranire hagati yamasosiyete y’ibanze ashishikajwe no kwagura ibikorwa byayo ku rwego mpuzamahanga. 4. BizLatinHub (www.bizlatinhub.com): Nubwo idasanzwe muri Kolombiya yonyine, BizLatinHub ni urubuga rwa B2B ruyoboye rukorera muri Amerika y'Epfo, harimo na Kolombiya. Bahuza ba rwiyemezamirimo ninzobere zaho bashobora gutanga ubufasha hamwe ningamba zo kwinjiza isoko, ibisabwa n'amategeko, amahitamo yimari, mubindi bikorwa. 5. Importadores.com.co: Uru rubuga rufasha ubucuruzi bwa Kolombiya bushaka gutumiza ibicuruzwa hanze biva mubahuza nabatanga ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga cyangwa ababikora. 6.Buscainmueble.com: Kubari mu nganda zitimukanwa cyangwa mu nzego zijyanye nayo bashaka imitungo yubucuruzi cyangwa kugurisha ubutaka / kugura muri Kolombiya, buscainmueble.com itanga urutonde rwuzuye rwerekana imijyi itandukanye. Izi nizo ngero nke gusa za platform ya B2B iboneka muri Kolombiya; andi mahuriro arashobora kubaho ajyanye ninganda cyangwa imirenge yihariye mubukungu butandukanye bwigihugu. 请 注意 ， 特定 平台 是否 适合 的 的 业务 仍 需要 进一步 调查 在 任何 任何 平台 ， 仔细 的 的 详情 详情。。。
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