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Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Panama ni igihugu giherereye muri Amerika yo Hagati, gihana imbibi n'inyanja ya Karayibe n'Inyanja ya pasifika. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 75.420 kandi ituwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 4.3. Umurwa mukuru n’umujyi munini wa Panama ni Umujyi wa Panama, ukaba ari ihuriro rikomeye ry’imari, ubucuruzi, n’ubwikorezi mu karere. Ururimi rwemewe ruvugwa ni icyesipanyoli. Panama izwi cyane kubera umuyoboro utangaje wa Panama - inzira y'amazi ihuza inyanja ya Atalantika na pasifika, bigatuma amato yirinda kugenda muri Amerika y'Epfo. Umuyoboro wagize uruhare runini mubucuruzi bwisi mugabanya igihe cyurugendo hagati yinyanja. Igihugu gifite ikirere gishyuha gifite ubushyuhe bwinshi mu mwaka. Ikungahaye ku binyabuzima bitandukanye, bigizwe n’amashyamba yimvura atuwe n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye birimo inyoni zidasanzwe, inkende, ubunebwe, na jaguar. Kubakunda ibidukikije, hari parike nyinshi zigihugu nka Parque Nacional Darien zitanga amahirwe yo gutembera no kubona inyamanswa. Mu bijyanye n'ubukungu, Panama yagize iterambere rihamye mu myaka mike ishize ishize kubera aho iherereye nk'ikigo mpuzamahanga cy'ubucuruzi. Ubukungu bwabwo bushingiye cyane kuri serivisi nka banki n'ubukerarugendo. Ifaranga ry'igihugu ryitwa Balboa; ariko amadorari y'Amerika (USD) azenguruka iruhande rwayo. Ku bijyanye n’umurage ndangamuco, Panama ihuza imigenzo kavukire n’ingaruka za Hisipaniya kuva mu mateka y’abakoloni. Umuziki gakondo nka salsa na reggaeton urashobora kumvikana mumijyi yawo ikomeye mumijyi mugihe c'ibirori cyangwa guterana kwiza. Byongeye kandi, Panama irata ibyokurya bitandukanye byokurya byatewe nabanyafurika, Abanyaburayi n'imico y'Abasangwabutaka bituma iba indiri y'abakunda ibiryo ku isi. Muri rusange, Panama iha abashyitsi ibintu byinshi bikurura ibyiza bitandukanye kuva ku nyanja nziza ku nkombe zombi, ahantu h'amateka yerekana imico ya kera nka El Caño Archaeological Site cyangwa Itorero rya La Merced.

Panama ni igihugu giherereye muri Amerika yo Hagati gifite ifaranga ryacyo rizwi ku izina rya balboa ya Panaman (PAB). Balboa ifite igipimo gihamye cyo kuvunja hamwe n’amadolari y’Amerika (USD), bivuze ko indangagaciro zabo zingana. Gukoresha amadolari ya Amerika nk'isoko ryemewe n'amategeko muri Panama bituma byorohereza abenegihugu ndetse na ba mukerarugendo. Inoti zikoreshwa muri Panama zisa n'iziboneka muri Amerika, zigaragaramo abantu bakomeye bo mu mateka ya Panaman. Amadini arimo balbo 1, 5, 10, 20, na 50. Ibiceri na byo bikoreshwa ku gipimo gito kandi biza mu madini 1 centésimo (ahwanye n'amadorari 0.01), 5 centésimos ($ 0.05), 10 centésimos ($ 0.10), no hejuru. Imiterere y’ifaranga rya Panama irihariye kubera umubano ukomeye na Amerika haba muri politiki ndetse no mu bukungu. Iyi mibanire yazanye umutekano mu bukungu bwa Panama mu myaka yashize, ndetse no kuzamura ubukerarugendo n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko mugihe USD yemerwa cyane muri Panama, ni byiza gutwara amadovize yo kugura ibintu bito cyangwa mugihe usuye uturere twa kure aho amadolari ya Amerika ashobora kutemerwa. Muri rusange, ifaranga rya Panama rishingiye ku ifaranga ryayo ryemewe, balboa yo muri Panamani igereranywa n’agaciro kangana n’idolari ry’Amerika ─ byorohereza abashyitsi kugana ibikorwa by’imari mu gihe bashakisha iki gihugu cyiza cyo muri Amerika yo Hagati.

Ifaranga ryemewe rya Panama ni Balboa yo muri Panaman (PAB), ifite agaciro kangana n'amadorari y'Amerika (USD). Igipimo cy’ivunjisha hagati ya Balboa yo muri Panaman hamwe n’ifaranga rikomeye ry’isi, nka Euro, Pound yo mu Bwongereza, na Yen Yen, birahinduka. Nkuko igipimo cyivunjisha gitandukana kenshi, birasabwa kugenzura imbuga za finanse zizwi cyangwa kugisha inama serivisi yo kuvunja amafaranga kugezweho kandi amakuru yihariye kubiciro byiganje.

Panama, igihugu cyiza cyo muri Amerika yo Hagati, cyizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi yumwaka. Dore bimwe mubirori byingenzi muri Panama: 1. Umunsi wubwigenge: Bizihijwe ku ya 3 Ugushyingo, Umunsi wubwigenge bizihiza ukutandukana kwa Panama na Kolombiya mu 1903. Ikintu cyaranze uyu munsi mukuru ni imyigaragambyo yo gukunda igihugu yabereye mu gihugu hose, aho abantu bishimira kwerekana ibendera ry’igihugu ndetse n’imyambarire gakondo. 2. Carnival: Yakozwe muminsi ine ibanziriza ku wa gatatu w'ivu, ubusanzwe igwa muri Gashyantare cyangwa Werurwe, Carnival numwe mubirori bizwi cyane kandi bizwi cyane muri Panama. Ibitaramo byamabara menshi hamwe numuziki, kubyina, hamwe nimyambarire ikomeye bifata mumihanda mugihe abenegihugu na ba mukerarugendo bifatanya kwishimana nibyishimo. 3. Umunsi wibendera: Wizihizwa buri ya 4 Ugushyingo, Umunsi wibendera wubaha ikimenyetso cyigihugu cya Panama - ibendera ryacyo. Imihango idasanzwe ibera mumashuri hamwe n’ahantu hahurira abantu benshi aho abanyeshuri basoma imivugo yo gukunda igihugu kandi bakaririmba indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu mugihe bazamuye ibendera hejuru. 4. Umunsi w'Abahowe Imana: Wizihizwa ku ya 9 Mutarama buri mwaka kuva mu 1964, Umunsi w'Abahowe Imana wubaha abazize ubuzima mu myigaragambyo yo kwamagana Amerika kwivanga muri politiki ya Panama yerekeye ubusugire bw'akarere ka Canal. 5.Umuyoboro wa Canama-Ku ya 15 Kanama buri mwaka wizihiza "Umunsi w’Umuyoboro wa Panama," wizihiza kimwe mu bintu bitangaje by’ubuhanga ku isi - gufungura iyi nzira y’amazi akomeye ihuza inyanja ebyiri. Iyi minsi mikuru ntabwo yerekana umuco wa Panamani gusa ahubwo inashishikariza ubumwe mubaturage bayo batandukanye mu kwimakaza ishema ryigihugu hamwe numwuka wabaturage mu turere dutandukanye muri iyi paradizo yo mu turere dushyuha.

Panama ni igihugu gito giherereye muri Amerika yo Hagati, gihuza Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo binyuze mu muyoboro wa Panama. Ifite ahantu hateganijwe yagize uruhare mukubera ihuriro rikomeye mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ubucuruzi bugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Panama, bugize igice kinini cya GDP. Ibyoherezwa mu mahanga cyane birimo ibitoki, urusenda, isukari, ikawa, n'imyambaro. Byongeye kandi, bizwiho kuba ari byo byongeye kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze kubera ko hari ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bwa Colon. Umuyoboro wa Panama ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize inganda z'ubucuruzi za Panama. Ihuza inyanja ya Atalantika na pasifika, itanga amato n'inzira ngufi hagati ya Aziya n'Uburayi cyangwa Inkombe y'Iburasirazuba bwa Amerika y'Amajyaruguru. Iyi nzira y'amazi yorohereza ubucuruzi bwisi kugabanya ibihe byoherezwa nibiciro. Agace k'ubucuruzi k'ubucuruzi bwa Colon ni ikindi kintu gikomeye mu bucuruzi bwa Panama. Ifatwa nka kamwe mu turere twinshi ku buntu ku isi kandi ikora nk'ikigo cyo gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa biva hirya no hino ku isi. Agace kemerera ibigo gushinga ibikorwa bitishyuye imisoro yatumijwe cyangwa imisoro kubicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze. Byongeye kandi, Panama ikomeza amasezerano y’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu byinshi nka Kanada, Chili, Ubushinwa, Mexico, Singapore, n'ibindi. Aya masezerano agamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi hagabanywa inzitizi z’amahoro ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe no kongera amahirwe yo gushora imari hagati y’ibihugu. Mu myaka yashize, hashyizweho ingamba zo gutandukanya ubukungu bwa Panama burenze urwego gakondo nk'ubuhinzi bugana ku nganda nka serivisi z’ibikoresho birimo ubwikorezi ndetse n’ububiko. Mu rwego rwo gufata ingamba zitandukanye, Ubwiyongere muri rusange mubitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byagaragaye uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana bitewe n’inyungu nziza z’imiterere zitangwa no guhagarikwa mu bihe bikomeye bihuza inzira z’ubucuruzi ku isi. Mu gusoza, ihuriro ry’imiterere myiza, inzira zingenzi z’amazi Panamacanal, hamwe n’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye byatumye Panama'strade ihinduka. Guverinoma ikomeje gushyira ingufu mu kurushaho gutandukana bigatuma iterambere ryiyongera mu bikorwa rusange.

Panama, iherereye muri Amerika yo Hagati, ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Iki gihugu gitanga ahantu hateganijwe guhuza Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo, bigatuma iba ihuriro ryiza ry'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ubwa mbere, Panama yungukira ku muyoboro wa Panama, imwe mu nzira zikomeye zo kohereza ku isi. Itanga umurongo utaziguye hagati yinyanja ya Atalantika na pasifika, ituma ubwikorezi bwiza bwibicuruzwa hagati ya Aziya yuburasirazuba na Amerika. Umushinga wo kwagura umuyoboro warangiye mu 2016 wongereye ubushobozi bwo gutwara amato manini no kurushaho guhangana na Panama nk’umukinnyi w’ubucuruzi ku isi. Icya kabiri, Panama ifite ibikorwa remezo bikomeye byo gushyigikira ibikorwa byubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Tocumen ni ihuriro ry’ingenzi mu kirere kandi ryorohereza ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere. Igihugu kandi gifite imiyoboro y’imihanda itunganijwe neza ihuza imijyi minini n’ibyambu n’inganda. Byongeye kandi, uduce twubucuruzi bwubuntu nka Colon Free Zone itanga uburyo bwo gusonerwa imisoro kugirango bakurura abashoramari babanyamahanga. Byongeye kandi, Panama yigaragaje nk'ikigo cy'imari gikomeye muri Amerika y'Epfo kubera amabwiriza meza agenga serivisi z’amabanki na serivisi z’imari. Ifaranga ryayo ni amadorari y'Amerika agira uruhare mu gutuza mubikorwa byubukungu. Ibi bikurura ibigo mpuzamahanga bishakisha serivisi zamabanki zizewe mugihe wagura ibikorwa byubucuruzi. Byongeye kandi, ibikorwa remezo byitumanaho byujuje ubuziranenge bifasha guhuza bidasubirwaho nabafatanyabikorwa ku isi ndetse n’abakiriya baturutse ahantu hose ku isi. Hamwe na enterineti yizewe hamwe na tekinoroji igezweho ikoreshwa nubucuruzi mumyaka yashize, Usibye izo nyungu gahunda za leta ya Panaman zigamije gutandukanya ubukungu bwazo zituma ishimishwa n’ishoramari ry’amahanga.panama ishakisha ishoramari mu nzego zose zirimo ubuhinzi-bworozi bukora ubukerarugendo bw’ibikoresho by’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu n'ibindi .Ibyo rero bitanga amahirwe atandukanye mu nganda zinyuranye panama yerekana imbaraga nyinshi zo kuzamuka mu mahanga. isoko ry'ubucuruzi Mu gusoza, ingamba za Panama zifite aho zihurira n’ibikorwa remezo bigezweho Ibikorwa remezo bikomeye by’urwego rw’imari rwizewe rw’itumanaho ryitumanaho gahunda za leta zishyigikira ishoramari birerekana neza ko iki gihugu gifite imbaraga zidasanzwe zikoreshwa mu bijyanye no guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga.

Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Panama, hari ibintu bike byingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho. Icya mbere, ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku isoko kugirango tumenye ibyifuzo n'ibigenda ku isoko rya Panaman. Ibi birimo gusesengura ibyo abaguzi bakunda, imbaraga zo kugura, hamwe numuco bishobora kugira ingaruka kubicuruzwa. Gusobanukirwa kugurisha neza muri Panama bizafasha kugabanya ibicuruzwa bishobora guhitamo. Icya kabiri, tekereza ku bicuruzwa bihuye n'ibikorwa by'ubukungu n'inganda bya Panama. Kurugero, Panama izwiho ibikorwa byo mu nyanja kubera umuyoboro uzwi wa Panama. Urebye ibicuruzwa bijyanye no kohereza hamwe nibikoresho bishobora kuba amahitamo meza. Byongeye kandi, ubuhinzi (harimo no kohereza ibitoki) n'ubukerarugendo nabyo ni urwego rukomeye mu bukungu bwa Panama. Byongeye kandi, kwifashisha ubufatanye bwakarere birashobora kuba ingirakamaro muguhitamo ibicuruzwa bishyushye byoherezwa hanze. Bitewe n’ahantu hafite ingamba zihuza Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo, Panama ifite amasezerano y’ubucuruzi atandukanye ku buntu n’ibihugu bituranye nka Costa Rica, Kolombiya, Chili, na Mexico. Kubwibyo, byaba byiza dusuzumye ibicuruzwa bimaze gukenerwa muri aya masoko yabafatanyabikorwa. Byongeye kandi, urebye uburyo burambye hamwe n’ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bishobora gushimisha abaguzi bo muri Panaman bagenda bamenya ibibazo by’ibidukikije. Ibicuruzwa nkibiryo kama cyangwa ibicuruzwa byo murugo bitangiza ibidukikije birashobora kwamamara muriki gice cyabaguzi. Icya nyuma ariko icy'ingenzi ni ukureba niba hubahirizwa amabwiriza n’ibanze muguhitamo ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze ku isoko rya Panaman. Ubushakashatsi kuri politiki yatumijwe mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa byihariye bizafasha kwirinda ibibazo byose byemewe n'amategeko. Mu gusoza, mugihe uhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye kubucuruzi bwamahanga mumasoko ya Panama: 1) Sobanukirwa n'ibisabwa hamwe nisoko ryihariye ku isoko rya Panaman. 2) Tekereza guhuza ninzego zingenzi nka serivisi zo mu nyanja cyangwa ubuhinzi. 3) Koresha ubufatanye bwakarere binyuze mumasezerano yubucuruzi. 4) Shyiramo ibintu biramba niba bishoboka. 5) Kureba niba hubahirizwa amabwiriza n’ibanze. Urebye neza ibi bintu mugihe cyo guhitamo ibicuruzwa, urashobora kongera amahirwe yo gutsinda kumasoko yubucuruzi bw’amahanga ya Panama.

Panama ifite urutonde rwihariye rwibiranga abakiriya na kirazira zikenewe kubyumva mugihe ukora ubucuruzi cyangwa gukorana nabenegihugu mugihugu. Ibiranga abakiriya: 1. Ikinyabupfura: Abanya Panamani baha agaciro ikinyabupfura kandi bategereje imyitwarire yubupfura mugihe bakorana nabakiriya. Ni ngombwa gukoresha indamutso ikwiye, vuga "por favor" (nyamuneka), na "gracias" (urakoze) mugihe cyo gukorana. 2. Kubaha abasaza: Abantu bakuze bubashywe cyane mumico ya Panamani, kandi biramenyerewe kububaha. Iki cyubahiro kigomba kongerwa mugihe gihura nabakiriya bakuze. 3. Guhindura igihe: Kwubahiriza igihe ntibishobora gukomera muri Panama nkuko bishobora kuba mumico imwe n'imwe. Abakiriya bakunda kugira uburyo bworoheje bwo kubona umwanya, nibyiza rero kwihangana no kubakira niba hari gutinda cyangwa guhindura gahunda. 4. Umubano bwite: Kubaka umubano bwite ningirakamaro mugukora ubucuruzi neza muri Panama. Abakiriya bahitamo gukorana nabantu bazi kugiti cyabo kandi bizeye, bityo gushora igihe mugushiraho amasano birashobora korohereza cyane ubucuruzi bwigihe kizaza. Kirazira: 1. Kunegura abategetsi: Kuvuga nabi abayobozi ba politiki cyangwa inzego za leta birashobora kubabaza bamwe mu Banya Panamani bafite gukunda igihugu cyabo cyane. 2. Gukoraho abantu bitari ngombwa: Guhuza umubiri birenze ukuboko kurashobora gutera abantu ubwoba keretse habaye umubano wa hafi urimo. 3. Gukubita izuru kumugaragaro: Gukubita izuru hejuru cyangwa kumugaragaro bifatwa nkubupfura; bigomba gukorwa mubushishozi ukoresheje imyenda cyangwa ibitambaro. 4. Gupfobya Imico y'Abasangwabutaka: Panama ifite umurage gakondo w'abasangwabutaka, bityo ibitekerezo byose bitiyubashye kubyerekeye imico kavukire birashobora gutera icyaha. Gusobanukirwa ibyo biranga abakiriya na kirazira bizatuma imikoranire yoroshye nabakiriya ba Panamani, iteza imbere umubano mwiza muri rusange mugihe wirinze gusuzugura cyangwa gukora icyaha utabishaka.

Panama, iherereye muri Amerika yo Hagati, ifite gahunda yo gucunga neza gasutamo. Ikigo gishinzwe gasutamo kizwi ku izina ry’ikigo cy’igihugu cya gasutamo (ANA mu cyesipanyoli). ANA ishinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo hubahirizwe amabwiriza y'igihugu. Iyo winjiye muri Panama, hari amategeko menshi yingenzi ya gasutamo ugomba kuzirikana. Ubwa mbere, abagenzi bagomba gutangaza ibicuruzwa byose bazanye mugihugu, harimo ibintu byabo nimpano. Ni ngombwa kuzuza neza impapuro zisabwa zitangwa n'abashinzwe za gasutamo. Panama ifite amategeko yihariye yerekeye amafaranga atishyurwa kubintu bimwe. Aya mafaranga aratandukanye bitewe n'uburebure bwo kuguma hamwe n'intego yo gusurwa. Abagenzi bagomba kumenyera ayo mafaranga mbere kugirango birinde ingorane zose kumupaka. Byongeye kandi, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bibujijwe cyangwa bibujijwe ntibigomba kuzanwa muri Panama nta burenganzira bubifitiye uburenganzira. Harimo imbunda, ibiyobyabwenge, ibicuruzwa byiganano, nibicuruzwa byangirika mubindi. Ni ngombwa kumenyera urutonde rwibintu bibujijwe mbere yo gukora ingendo kugirango wirinde ibibazo byose byemewe n'amategeko. Abayobozi ba gasutamo barashobora gukora igenzura rudasanzwe ku bantu no ku mizigo yabo bahageze cyangwa bahagurutse muri Panama. Abagenzi bagomba gufatanya byimazeyo nubugenzuzi no gutanga amakuru nyayo nibisabwa nabakozi ba gasutamo. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa gutwara ibyangombwa biranga nka pasiporo mugihe wambuka imipaka muri Panama. Kunanirwa gutanga indangamuntu ikwiye bishobora kuvamo gutinda cyangwa kwanga kwinjira. Mu gusoza, Panama ikomeje gahunda ihamye ariko itunganijwe yo gucunga gasutamo igenzurwa n’ikigo cy’igihugu cya gasutamo (ANA). Abagenzi bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza ya gasutamo nko kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa byose byazanywe mu gihugu neza mugihe bazi amafaranga atishyurwa nibintu bibujijwe / bibujijwe. Ubufatanye mugihe cyubugenzuzi butunguranye hamwe no gutwara ibyangombwa bibaranga bizafasha muburyo bworoshye bwo kwinjira cyangwa gusohoka mugihe usuye iki gihugu gitandukanye cyo muri Amerika yo Hagati

Panama ni igihugu giherereye muri Amerika yo Hagati kandi gifite politiki yihariye y’imisoro na gasutamo ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Guverinoma ya Panaman ishyiraho politiki yihariye y’imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye bitumizwa mu mahanga mu rwego rwo kurinda inganda zaho, kugenzura ubucuruzi, no kwinjiza igihugu. Igipimo cy’imisoro yatumijwe muri Panama kiratandukanye bitewe nubwoko bwibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Nta misoro rusange itumizwa mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa by'ingenzi nk'ibiribwa, imiti, ibitabo, cyangwa ibikoresho by'uburezi. Nyamara, ibintu byiza cyane nka elegitoroniki yo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyangwa ibinyobwa bisindisha bitangirwa imisoro myinshi. Imodoka zitumizwa muri Panama zihura n’umutwaro ukomeye w’imisoro uzwi ku izina ry’amahoro cyangwa "arancel ad valorem." Iyi misoro ibarwa hashingiwe ku kinyabiziga CIF (Ubwishingizi bw'Ubwishingizi bw'Ibiciro) ku giciro cya ad valorem kiri hagati ya 5% na 30%, bitewe na moteri yikinyabiziga n'ubwoko. Ibikoresho by'imyenda bitumizwa mu mahanga nabyo bifite ibiciro byihariye bikoreshwa muri Panama. Iyi misoro iri hagati ya 10% na 15% kubicuruzwa byinshi byimyenda. Icyakora, bimwe bidasanzwe bireba ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bifite amasezerano na Panama byemerera ibiciro by’ibiciro biri hasi cyangwa n’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, hari imisoro y'inyongera ishyirwa ku bicuruzwa byihariye nk'itabi, inzoga, amavuta yo kwisiga, ibinyabiziga bifite moteri hejuru y'ibiciro runaka - harimo imodoka zihenze - n'ibindi bicuruzwa byatoranijwe bigaragara ko bidakenewe n'abayobozi ba Panaman. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko politiki y’imisoro ishobora guhinduka mugihe runaka kubera ivugururwa ryamategeko y’igihugu cyangwa amasezerano y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga yashyizweho umukono na Panama n’ibihugu cyangwa imiryango itandukanye. Niyo mpamvu buri gihe ari byiza kugisha inama amakuru yaturutse mubutegetsi bwa leta mugihe uteganya kwinjiza ibicuruzwa muri Panama. Muri rusange, gusobanukirwa na politiki y’imisoro ijyanye n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga ni ingenzi ku bantu n’ubucuruzi bashaka kwishora mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga na Panama. Ifasha kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ibanze mu gihe cyo kubara neza ibiciro bijyanye no kwinjiza ibicuruzwa muri iki gihugu.

Panama, igihugu giherereye muri Amerika yo Hagati, gifite politiki y’imisoro yohereza mu mahanga igamije guteza imbere ubukungu no gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga. Muri Panama, muri rusange nta musoro woherezwa mu mahanga ushyirwa ku bicuruzwa byakozwe cyangwa bikozwe mu gihugu. Iyi politiki ishishikariza ubucuruzi kubyara byinshi no kwagura ibikorwa, bigira uruhare mu guhanga imirimo no guteza imbere ubukungu muri rusange. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko bimwe bidasanzwe bibaho kubicuruzwa byihariye. Kurugero, hashobora kubaho imisoro yoherezwa mumutungo kamere nka peteroli cyangwa amabuye y'agaciro. Iyi misoro ishyirwa mu bikorwa kugira ngo igihugu cyungukire ku mutungo kamere kandi giteze imbere iterambere rirambye. Byongeye kandi, Panama yashyize mu bikorwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (VAT) uzwi ku izina rya "ITBMS" (Impuesto de Transferencia de Bienes Muebles y Servicios). Uyu musoro usoreshwa haba kugurisha imbere mu gihugu no kohereza ibicuruzwa na serivisi ku gipimo cya 7%. Nyamara, imishinga ikora ibikorwa byagenwe irashobora kwemererwa gusonerwa bidasanzwe cyangwa kugabanya ibiciro. Twabibutsa kandi ko Panama yishimiye amasezerano y’ubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu, nka Amerika binyuze mu masezerano yo guteza imbere ubucuruzi muri Amerika na Panama. Aya masezerano akenshi atanga kugabanya ibiciro cyangwa gukuraho ibicuruzwa byihariye byoherezwa hagati yibi bihugu. Bagamije kuzamura ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu by’abafatanyabikorwa bagabanya inzitizi zo kwinjira mu mahanga. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ya Panama igamije guteza imbere ubukungu bwuguruye buteza imbere umusaruro kandi bukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga ari nako hajyaho ingamba z’imisoro ikwiye mu nzego zita cyane ku mutungo. Guverinoma yibanda cyane ku kuzamura ubukungu binyuze mu mibanire y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga no gutanga amahirwe y’ubucuruzi bw’ibanze gutera imbere ku masoko y’isi.

Panama, iherereye muri Amerika yo Hagati, ifite ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bitandukanye bigira uruhare mu kuzamura ubukungu. Mu rwego rwo kwemeza ubuziranenge n’amategeko y’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, Panama ishyira mu bikorwa icyemezo cyo kwemeza ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe. Kimwe mu byoherezwa muri Panama ni ikawa. Uruganda rwa kawa muri Panama ruzwiho gukora ibishyimbo byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bifite uburyohe budasanzwe. Kugirango yemeze ikawa yoherezwa mu mahanga, abahinzi bo muri Panaman bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yashyizweho na Autoridad del Café (Ikigo cya Kawa). Ibi bikubiyemo kubahiriza isuku n’umusaruro kimwe no kwerekana neza ibicuruzwa byabo. Ibindi byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Panama ni ibiribwa byo mu nyanja. Hamwe n’inyanja nini n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye byo mu nyanja, Panama ifite inganda z’uburobyi zitera imbere. Kugira ngo haboneke icyemezo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja, abarobyi bo muri Panamani n'abasohoka mu mahanga bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yashyizweho na Autoridad de los Recursos Acuáticos (Ikigo gishinzwe umutungo w’amazi). Aya mabwiriza akubiyemo ibintu nk'uburobyi burambye bwo gufata neza, gufata neza ibiribwa byo mu nyanja mugihe cyo gutwara, hamwe ningamba zo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Byongeye kandi, ibitoki nigice cyingenzi mubyoherezwa mu buhinzi muri Panama. Igihugu kiza mu bihugu byambere bitanga ibitoki ku isi. Kugira ngo ibitoki byuzuze amahame mpuzamahanga y’umutekano no kugenzura ubuziranenge, imirima y’ibitoki yo muri Panamani ikorerwa ubugenzuzi bwakozwe n’inzego zishinzwe kugenzura nka Ministerio de Desarrollo Agropecuario (Minisiteri y’iterambere ry’ubuhinzi). Usibye izo ngero zihariye, izindi nganda zitandukanye muri Panama nazo zisaba ibyemezo byoherezwa hanze bitewe na kamere yabyo. Bimwe mubisabwa kugirango umuntu abone ibyemezo birimo kubahiriza amabwiriza yumutekano wibicuruzwa, kubahiriza imikorere y’ibidukikije iyo bibaye ngombwa, ibimenyetso nyabyo byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga. Ubwanyuma, kubona icyemezo cyohereza ibicuruzwa hanze byemeza ko ibicuruzwa biva muri Panama byujuje ibisabwa kugirango bigurishwe haba mu gihugu ndetse no mumahanga. Itanga ibyiringiro kubatumiza mu mahanga kubyerekeye ukuri, ubuziranenge, no kubahiriza amategeko y’ibicuruzwa bya Panaman

Panama ni igihugu giherereye muri Amerika yo Hagati, kizwiho kuba gifite ingamba hagati ya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo. Akarusho k’igihugu kerekana ko ari ihuriro ry’ibikorwa mpuzamahanga by’ubucuruzi n’ibikoresho. Kimwe mubyingenzi byingenzi byifashishwa muri Panama ni umuyoboro wacyo uzwi cyane ku isi. Uyu muyoboro uhuza inyanja ya Atalantika na pasifika, bigatuma amato ashobora gutakaza umwanya nintera yirinda urugendo rwahemutse ruzenguruka Cape Horn. Ni irembo ryingenzi ryubucuruzi bwamazi yisi yose, butuma ibicuruzwa bitwarwa neza mumigabane yose. Usibye umuyoboro wa Panama, Panama yateje imbere ibikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu neza cyane bishyigikira inganda zayo. Igihugu gifite imihanda minini, ibibuga byindege, imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi, n’ibyambu byorohereza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yacyo. Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Tocumen mu mujyi wa Panama gikora nk'ihuriro rikuru ry'imizigo yo mu kirere muri ako karere. Itanga ingendo zerekeza ahantu hatandukanye ku isi kandi ifite ibikoresho bigezweho byo gutwara neza ibicuruzwa bituruka mu kirere. Iki kibuga cy’indege gifite uruhare runini mu koroshya ibicuruzwa bitwara igihe no gushyigikira imiyoboro mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, icyambu cya Panama cyateye imbere neza hamwe n’ibyambu bibiri bikomeye - Balboa kuruhande rwa pasifika na Cristobal kuruhande rwa Atlantike. Ibyo byambu bifite ibikoresho bigezweho bifite tekinoroji igezweho yo gupakira neza, gupakurura, kubika, no gukwirakwiza ibikoresho. Bashyizwe mubikorwa hafi yinzira nini zo kohereza bigatuma byorohereza ibicuruzwa kubicuruzwa bigenda kumugabane. Panama itanga kandi uduce dutandukanye twubucuruzi (FTZs) zitanga inyungu yibikoresho kubucuruzi bukorera muri bo. Utu turere dutanga imisoro, koroshya uburyo bwa gasutamo, no kugera kuri serivisi zihuriweho n’ibikoresho nko kubika ububiko, gupakira, gushyiramo ikimenyetso, no gukwirakwiza. Izi FTZ zikurura ibigo byinshi bishaka kunoza imikorere y’ibicuruzwa cyangwa gushyiraho ibigo bikwirakwiza uturere. Byongeye kandi, Panama yashyize imbaraga nyinshi mu guteza imbere parike y’ibikoresho, nka parike y’inganda ya Colon Free Zone. Izi parike zitanga amasosiyete ahantu hagenewe gushinga ibigo bikwirakwiza, ibikoresho by’ibicuruzwa, hamwe n’ububiko. Hamwe n’ibikorwa by’ibikorwa remezo n’ibikorwa remezo bigezweho, iyi pariki y’ibikoresho itanga ibidukikije byiza ku bucuruzi bugamije koroshya ibikorwa byabo mu karere. Mu gusoza, aho Panama iherereye hamwe n’ibikorwa remezo byateye imbere neza bituma ihitamo neza ku bucuruzi bushaka kunoza imiyoboro yabo. Umuyoboro uzwi cyane ku isi wa Panama, ibibuga by’indege n’ibyambu bikora neza, ahantu heza h’ubucuruzi, hamwe na parike y’ibikoresho bigira uruhare mu gushyiraho umuyoboro utagira ingano ushyigikira urujya n'uruza rw’ibicuruzwa hagati y’umugabane.

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Panama, igihugu gito giherereye muri Amerika yo Hagati, ni ihuriro rikomeye ry’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga kandi ryashyizeho inzira zitandukanye zo guteza imbere amasoko mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, yakira ibicuruzwa byinshi byingenzi byerekana imurikagurisha. Ubwa mbere, imwe mu nzira zingenzi zitanga amasoko muri Panama ni Zone yubucuruzi ya Colon (CFTZ). CFTZ nigice kinini cyubucuruzi bwubusa muri Amerika kandi ikora nkikigo kinini cyo gukwirakwiza isi. Itanga ibigo bitanga imisoro myinshi, nko gusonerwa imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga n’imisoro yongerewe agaciro, bigatuma iba ahantu heza ku baguzi mpuzamahanga. CFTZ yita ku nganda zitandukanye zirimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imyenda, inkweto, imashini, n’imodoka. Undi muyoboro uzwi cyane mu gutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga muri Panama ni akarere kihariye ka Panama Pacifico (PPSEA). PPSEA ni agace kihariye k'ubukungu gaherereye hafi yumujyi wa Panama gatanga inyungu zitandukanye kubucuruzi bukora ibikorwa byubucuruzi bwamahanga. Izi nyungu zirimo uburyo bwa gasutamo bworoheje hamwe ninyungu zumusoro. Agace gatanga amahirwe menshi kumasosiyete ashaka kugura ibicuruzwa cyangwa gushinga ibikorwa byo gukora. Byongeye kandi, hari imurikagurisha rizwi cyane rikorwa buri mwaka muri Panama rikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga. Kimwe muri ibyo birori ni Expocomer - Imurikagurisha ryubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Expocomer ihuza abamurika ibicuruzwa baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye berekana ibicuruzwa mu nzego zinyuranye nk'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, ibiryo n'ibinyobwa, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi n'ibindi. Iri murika ryemerera ubucuruzi guhuza abafatanyabikorwa cyangwa abakiriya ku isi yose. Byongeye kandi, imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ryinjira mu Bushinwa na Amerika y'Epfo (CLAIIE) ritanga buri mwaka ritanga urubuga rudasanzwe ku baguzi b'Abashinwa bashishikajwe no kubona ibicuruzwa biva mu bihugu byo muri Amerika y'Epfo harimo na Panama. Muri CLAIIE, Abanyamahanga bohereza ibicuruzwa muri Panamani barashobora kubona amahirwe mu bucuruzi binyuze mu buryo butaziguye n'abinjira mu Bushinwa bashaka ibicuruzwa bitandukanye ibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, Inama ngarukamwaka y’ibikoresho byateguwe n’Urugaga rw’Ubucuruzi n’Ubuhinzi ntabwo ikora nk'imurikagurisha gusa ahubwo igizwe n'amahugurwa aho impuguke mu nganda ziganira ku bibazo bikomeye bijyanye n'iterambere ry'urwego rw'ibikoresho haba mu karere ndetse no ku isi yose. Ikurura abitabiriye amahugurwa kuva mu bwikorezi, mu bikoresho, no mu rwego rwo gucunga amasoko, bitanga amahirwe yo guhuza no kwagura ubucuruzi ku mipaka. Mu gusoza, Panama itanga inzira nyinshi zingenzi zitanga amasoko harimo akarere ka Colon Free Trade Zone (CFTZ) na Panama Pacifico idasanzwe yubukungu (PPSEA). Byongeye kandi, yakira ibikorwa byingenzi byubucuruzi nka Expocomer, CLAIIE, hamwe ninama ngarukamwaka y’ibikoresho bikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga kandi bitanga urubuga rwubucuruzi kugirango rushyireho umubano nabafatanyabikorwa cyangwa abakiriya. Izi gahunda zatumye Panama igira uruhare runini mubucuruzi bwisi yose yorohereza ibikorwa byamasoko yo hanze.

Imashini zishakisha

Muri Panama, moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa cyane ni: 1. Google: moteri ishakisha izwi cyane kwisi yose, Google ikoreshwa cyane muri Panama. Urubuga rushobora kuboneka kuri www.google.com.pa. 2. Bing: moteri ishakisha ya Microsoft, Bing, nayo irazwi cyane mubakoresha interineti muri Panama. Urashobora kuyisura kuri www.bing.com. 3. Shakisha Yahoo: Nubwo itari yiganje nkuko byahoze, Yahoo Shakisha iracyafite ishingiro ryabakoresha muri Panama. Urashobora kuyigeraho kuri www.search.yahoo.com. 4. DuckDuckGo: Azwiho uburyo bwibanda ku buzima bwite, DuckDuckGo yamenyekanye cyane ku isi kandi ikoreshwa na bamwe mu bakoresha interineti muri Panama. Urubuga urashobora kubisanga kuri duckduckgo.com. 5. Yandex: Nubwo ikoreshwa cyane cyane muburusiya, Yandex itanga kandi serivisi zishakisha mubindi bihugu harimo na Panama. Urashobora kuyisura kuri yandex.com. 6.Ecosia ： Ecosia ni moteri ishakisha ibidukikije yangiza ibidukikije ikoresha amafaranga yinjira mu iyamamaza mu gutera ibiti ku isi kandi imaze kumenyekana ku isi yose kubera ubutumwa bw’ibidukikije harimo n’abakoresha Panama. Kugira ngo ukoreshe Ecosia ushobora kwandika ecosia.org muri mushakisha yawe. adresse ya adresse cyangwa gukuramo gusa kwaguka / kwiyongera kurubuga rwabo Ni ngombwa kumenya ko mugihe izo arizo moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa cyane muri Panama, abaturage benshi bo muri Panaman nabo bakoresha verisiyo mpuzamahanga yuru rubuga nka google.com cyangwa bing.com aho gukoresha verisiyo yihariye yigihugu nka google.com.pa cyangwa bing .com.pa.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Muri Panama, impapuro nyamukuru z'umuhondo ububiko bukubiyemo: 1. Paginas Amarillas - Ubu ni bumwe mu bubiko bw'impapuro z'umuhondo zizwi cyane muri Panama. Itanga urutonde rwuzuye rwubucuruzi, serivisi, ninzobere mubyiciro bitandukanye. Urubuga rwa Paginas Amarillas ni www.paginasamarillas.com. 2. Panamá Directo - Iki gitabo cyibanda ku guhuza abakiriya n’ubucuruzi na serivisi byaho muri Panama. Itanga ibyiciro byinshi, harimo resitora, amahoteri, abatanga ubuvuzi, nibindi byinshi. Urashobora gusura urubuga rwabo kuri www.panamadirecto.com. 3. Guía Local - Guía Local nubundi buryo bugaragara bwimpapuro zumuhondo muri Panama zifasha abakoresha kubona amakuru kubyerekeye ubucuruzi na serivisi byaho. Ikubiyemo imirenge itandukanye nk'abacuruzi b'imodoka, amaduka ateza imbere amazu, ibigo by'amashuri, n'ibindi. Urubuga rwa Guía Local ni www.guialocal.com.pa. 4. Urupapuro rwumuhondo Panama - Nkuko izina ribigaragaza, ubu bubiko bwo kumurongo bukora nkisoko yizewe yo gushakisha ubucuruzi mubikorwa bitandukanye muri Panama. Kuva muri resitora kugera kumasoko yubucuruzi kugeza kubatanga serivisi zumwuga, Urupapuro rwumuhondo Panama rutanga urutonde rwuzuye hamwe namakuru arambuye hamwe na aderesi ya buri bucuruzi bwerekanwe kurubuga rwabo. Urubuga rwabo rushobora kuboneka kuri www.yellowpagespanama.com. 5.Simple Panamá - Byoroheje Panamá ni urubuga rwashyizwe kumurongo rukubiyemo ibyiciro byinshi nko kugura no kugurisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa urutonde rwimitungo itimukanwa hamwe no gutanga amakuru ajyanye nabatanga serivise zaho nka pompe cyangwa amashanyarazi nibindi. Abantu barashobora kubona ubufasha ubwo aribwo bwose bakeneye haba gutoza uburezi / amasomo / ndetse nakazi gafungura byose biboneka munsi yumutaka umwe. Ihuza ryurubuga rwatanzwe hepfo: www.simplepanama.com Izi nimwe mumapaji yingenzi yumuhondo muri Panama ushobora gukoresha kugirango ubone amakuru yubucuruzi cyangwa serivisi ushobora gukenera mugihe usuye cyangwa utuye mugihugu.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Panama ni igihugu giherereye muri Amerika yo Hagati, kizwiho ubukungu bwifashe nabi ndetse n’iterambere rya digitale. Dore bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi muri Panama: 1. Linio (www.linio.com.pa): Linio ni rimwe mu masoko manini yo kuri interineti muri Panama, atanga ibicuruzwa byinshi birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imideri, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ibikinisho, n'ibindi. Itanga uburyo bwiza bwo guhaha no kugemura kubakiriya mugihugu cyose. 2. Amaduka ya Copa (www.copashop.com): Copa Shop ni urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi rukoreshwa na Copa Airlines, ikigo cyigihugu cya Panama. Itanga ibicuruzwa bitishyurwa kubicuruzwa bitandukanye nka parufe, kwisiga, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, hamwe nibikoresho byabagenzi baguruka hamwe na Copa Airlines. 3. Guhaha kwa Estafeta (www.estafetashopping.com): Guhaha kwa Estafeta ni urubuga rwihariye rwo guhaha kuri interineti rwibanda cyane cyane ku gutanga serivisi mpuzamahanga zo kohereza muri Panama kuva ku bacuruzi bazwi cyane bo muri Amerika nka Amazon na eBay. 4. Multimax (www.multimax. 5. Miprecio Justo (www.mipreciojusto.com. 6. Melocompro (www.melocompro.com.pa): Melocompro ikora nk'urubuga rwashyizwe kumurongo ruhuza abaguzi n'abagurisha muri Panama kubintu bitandukanye birimo imodoka, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imitungo itimukanwa mubindi byorohereza ibikorwa byizewe hagati yababigizemo uruhare. Nyamuneka menya ko izi ari zimwe mu mbuga zikomeye za e-ubucuruzi muri Panama ariko hashobora kubaho izindi mbuga ntoya zegeranye n’inganda zihariye cyangwa amasoko meza mu gihugu.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Panama, igihugu cyo muri Amerika yo Hagati kizwiho umuco ukungahaye ndetse n’abaturage batandukanye, gifite imbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane n’abaturage bacyo. Dore zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane muri Panama hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Facebook: Facebook ni urubuga ruhuza abantu benshi muri Panama nkuko biri kwisi yose. Iyemerera abakoresha gukora imyirondoro, guhuza inshuti nimiryango, gusangira ibishya, amafoto, videwo, no kwinjira mumatsinda cyangwa ibyabaye. Sura https://www.facebook.com/ kugirango ugere kuri Facebook. 2. Instagram: Instagram ni urubuga rwo gusangira amashusho aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza amafoto na videwo yanditseho ibisobanuro na hashtags. Itanga kandi ubutumwa bwoherejwe hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukurikira konti zabandi bakoresha. Shakisha amashusho meza ya Panama kuri Instagram kuri https://www.instagram.com/. 3. Twitter: Twitter ifasha abakoresha kohereza ubutumwa bugufi bwitwa "tweet" bushobora kubonwa nabayoboke babo cyangwa umuntu wese ushakisha ingingo zihariye akoresheje hashtags. Abanya Panamani bakoresha iyi platform kugirango basangire amakuru agezweho, ibitekerezo byawe, imigendekere, nibindi, mumagambo 280 kuri tweet. Reba ibigenda muri Panama kuri Twitter kuri https://twitter.com/. 4. LinkedIn: LinkedIn ni urubuga rwumwuga rukoreshwa cyane cyane mugushaka akazi no guhuza abo mukorana cyangwa inzobere mu nganda kwisi. Mubucuruzi bwa Panama, abanyamwuga bakunze gukoresha LinkedIn muburyo bwo kuzamura umwuga no guhuza amahirwe kwisi yose kuri https://www.linkedin.com/. 5 Kora ibikubiyemo cyangwa ushakishe amashusho yerekana muri Panama kuri TikTok kuri https://www.tiktok.com/en/. 6.WhatsApp: WhatsApp ni porogaramu yohererezanya ubutumwa ikoreshwa ku isi hose. Abanya Panamani bashingiye cyane kuri WhatsApp mu rwego rwo gutumanaho, nko kohereza ubutumwa bugufi, guhamagara amajwi n'amashusho, gusangira amadosiye y'ibitangazamakuru, n'ibindi. Birashobora kuboneka binyuze kuri https: // www .whatsapp.com /. 7. Snapchat: Snapchat ni porogaramu yohereza ubutumwa bwa multimediya ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugusangira amashusho ako kanya na videwo ngufi. Abakoresha barashobora gufata no gusangira inshuti n'inshuti cyangwa bakabishyira ku nkuru zabo mugihe gito. Shakisha ibintu bishimishije biva muri Panama kuri Snapchat ukuramo porogaramu cyangwa usura https://www.snapchat.com/. Izi nizo ngero nke gusa zimbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane nabanya Panamani. Icyakora, hashobora kubaho izindi mbuga zaho zita cyane cyane kubaturage cyangwa inyungu zigihugu.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Panama ni igihugu giherereye muri Amerika yo Hagati kandi kizwiho kuba gifite ingamba, gihuza Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo. Ifite amashyirahamwe menshi akomeye yinganda zihagarariye inzego zitandukanye zubukungu. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Panama: 1. Urugereko rw’Ubucuruzi, Inganda, n’Ubuhinzi bya Panama (CCIAP) - CCIAP ihagarariye ubucuruzi buturuka mu nganda zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, inganda, serivisi, n'ibindi. Urubuga: https://www.cciap.com/ 2. Ishyirahamwe ry’amabanki yo muri Panaman (ABP) - ABP ihagarariye amabanki akorera muri Panama kandi ikora mu guteza imbere gahunda y’imari ihamye. Urubuga: http://www.abpanama.com/ 3. Ishyirahamwe ry’abacuruzi (ANACOOP) - ANACOOP yibanda ku guhagararira inzobere mu mitungo itimukanwa igira uruhare mu kugurisha, gukodesha, imishinga y’iterambere, gucunga umutungo muri Panama. Urubuga: http://anacoop.net/ 4. Ishyirahamwe ryamasosiyete yubwishingizi (AAPI) - AAPI ihagarariye ibigo byubwishingizi bikorera ku isoko rya Panama kandi bigamije guteza imbere gukorera mu mucyo n’umwuga mu rwego rw’ubwishingizi. Urubuga: https://www.panamaseguro.org/ 5. Urugaga rw’ubukerarugendo mu gihugu (CAMTUR) - CAMTUR iteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubukerarugendo nk’amahoteri, abakora ingendo, resitora kugira ngo inganda z’ubukerarugendo ziyongere. Urubuga: https://camturpanama.org/ 6. Urugereko rwohereza ibicuruzwa muri Panama (CMP) - CMP ihagarariye ibigo bijyanye nibikorwa byo gutwara abantu mu nyanja nkibigo bishinzwe kwandika ubwato cyangwa abashinzwe gutwara ibicuruzwa mu gihugu hose. Urubuga: https://maritimechamber.com/ 7. Inama y’igihugu y’ubwubatsi (CNC) - CNC ishinzwe kugenzura ibikorwa byubwubatsi mugihe iteza imbere imikorere myiza no guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo birambye. Urubuga: http://cnc.panamaconstruye.com/ Izi ni ingero nke gusa; hari andi mashyirahamwe menshi yita ku nzego zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, ingufu zitanga ingufu / amashyirahamwe akora neza yihariye inganda cyangwa imyuga. Nyamuneka menya ko imbuga namakuru yihariye ashobora guhinduka mugihe, nibyiza rero gushakisha amakuru agezweho mugihe bikenewe.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Hano hari imbuga zubukungu nubucuruzi zijyanye na Panama hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi n'Inganda (MICI) - www.mici.gob.pa Urubuga rwemewe rwa minisiteri yubucuruzi ninganda, ruteza imbere ubukungu, ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, n’ishoramari muri Panama. 2. Ikigo cy'igihugu cya gasutamo (ANA) - www.ana.gob.pa Urubuga rw’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gasutamo rutanga amakuru ku mabwiriza ya gasutamo, inzira, amahoro, hamwe n’ibyinjira / ibyoherezwa mu mahanga muri Panama. 3. Urugereko rw'Ubucuruzi, Inganda n'Ubuhinzi bya Panama (CCIAP) - www.panacamara.com CCIAP ni umwe mu mashyirahamwe y’ubucuruzi akomeye muri Panama. Urubuga rwabo rutanga ibikoresho kuri ba rwiyemezamirimo, amakuru mashya yubucuruzi, ikirangaminsi cyibyabaye, amahirwe yo guhuza, na serivisi zabanyamuryango. 4. Proinvex - proinvex.mici.gob.pa Proinvex ni ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari muri MICI kigamije gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga mu kuzamura ubushobozi bwa Panama. Urubuga rutanga amakuru yuzuye kumahirwe yishoramari mumirenge itandukanye hamwe namategeko abigenga. 5. Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga no gukurura ishoramari (PROINVEX) - www.proinvex.mici.gob.pa/en/ Icyongereza cya PROINVEX gitanga abashoramari mpuzamahanga amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye amahirwe yo gushora imari mubice bitandukanye nka logistique, inganda zikora inganda, imishinga yubukerarugendo muri Panama. 6. Ishyirahamwe rya Panaman ryabayobozi bashinzwe ubucuruzi (APEDE) - www.apede.org APEDE yibanze ku kuzamura iterambere rirambye ry’ubukungu muri Panama binyuze mu nama zikemura ibibazo by’ubucuruzi biriho ubu bigira ingaruka ku iterambere ry’igihugu. Urubuga rurimo ibikoresho byubucuruzi byingirakamaro nkibitabo bivuye mubushakashatsi bwakozwe nabanyamuryango ba APEDE. 7. Banco Nacional de Panamá - bgeneral.com/bnp.html Urubuga rwemewe rwa Banco Nacional de Panamá rutanga amakuru ajyanye na serivisi za banki ziboneka mu bucuruzi bukorera mu gihugu ndetse n’ibicuruzwa by’imari bijyanye n’ubucuruzi bwihariye. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko imbuga za URL na URL bigomba guhinduka, bityo rero birasabwa kugenzura niba ayo masoko ari ukuri.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari urubuga rwamakuru rwubucuruzi rwibibazo bya Panama. Dore urutonde rwa bamwe mubakomeye hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Ikigo gishinzwe ibarurishamibare cya Panama (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo - INEC): Uru rubuga rwa leta rwemewe rutanga imibare y’ubucuruzi n’amakuru ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa muri Panama. URL: https://www.inec.gob.pa/ 2. Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’inganda (Ministerio de Comercio e Industrias - MICI): Urubuga rwa MICI rutanga kandi amakuru y’ubucuruzi, harimo raporo zerekeye ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, amahoro, n’amabwiriza ya gasutamo. URL: https://www.mici.gob.pa/ 3. TradeMap: Nububiko bwa interineti bubungabungwa n’ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubucuruzi (ITC), butanga uburyo bw’imibare irambuye y’ubucuruzi kuri Panama kimwe n’ibindi bihugu ku isi. URL: https://www.trademap.org/ 4. World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS): WITS itanga urubuga rwo gusesengura ubucuruzi no kwerekana amashusho, harimo no kubona amakuru y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga muri Panama. URL: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/PAN 5 URL: https://www.globaltrade.net/c/c/Panama.html Izi mbuga zishobora kuba ibikoresho byingenzi kugirango tubone amakuru yihariye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi, amahoro, uburyo bwa gasutamo mu yandi makuru ajyanye n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu gihugu.

B2b

Panama, nkigihugu giherereye muri Amerika yo Hagati, gifite urubuga rwa B2B rwujuje ibyifuzo byubucuruzi. Hano hari amwe mumahuriro akomeye ya B2B muri Panama hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Soluciones Empresariales (https://www.soluciones-empresariales.net) Soluciones Empresariales ni urubuga rwa interineti ruhuza ubucuruzi mu nganda zitandukanye muri Panama. Itanga ibiranga nkurutonde rwubucuruzi, urutonde rwibicuruzwa, nibikoresho byitumanaho kubikorwa B2B bidafite aho bihuriye. 2. Comercializadora Internacional de Productos (http://www.cipanama.com) Comercializadora Internacional de Productos (CIP) ni urubuga mpuzamahanga rwubucuruzi rufite icyicaro muri Panama. Yibanze ku guhuza abaguzi nabatanga isoko kwisi yose batanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye mubyiciro bitandukanye nka electronics, ibikoresho byo murugo, imashini, imyenda, nibindi byinshi. 3. Urugereko rwubucuruzi rwa Panamá (https://panacamara.org) Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi rwa Panamá rukora nka B2B iteza imbere ubucuruzi n’ishoramari muri Panama. Binyuze kurubuga rwabo, ubucuruzi bushobora guhuza nabandi bagize urugereko kandi bagashakisha ubufatanye cyangwa ubufatanye. 4. Panjiva (https://panama.panjiva.com) Panjiva ni urubuga rwubucuruzi rwisi yose rutanga amakuru-yohereza hanze-amasosiyete ashakisha amahirwe yubucuruzi kwisi yose. Nubwo idahariwe isoko rya Panama, itanga amakuru yuzuye kubatanga n'abaguzi bagize uruhare mubikorwa byubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bifitanye isano na Panama. Nyamuneka menya ko izi ari ingero nkeya za platform ya B2B iboneka muri Panama; hashobora kubaho abandi bakwiriye gushakisha cyane bashingiye kubikorwa byihariye byinganda cyangwa niches.