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Amasoko Nkuru
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Incamake y'igihugu
Nijeriya, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Nijeriya, ni igihugu cya Afurika y'Iburengerazuba giherereye mu kigobe cya Gineya. Nicyo gihugu gituwe cyane muri Afurika ndetse n’igihugu cya karindwi gituwe cyane ku isi, gituwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni 200. Nijeriya izwiho imico itandukanye, ifite amoko arenga 250 n'indimi nyinshi zivugwa mu gihugu hose. Igihugu cyabonye ubwigenge ku butegetsi bwa gikoloni bw’Abongereza mu 1960 kandi kuva icyo gihe cyateye imbere mu bukungu bw’isoko rishya. Nijeriya ifite umutungo kamere nka peteroli, gaze gasanzwe, amabuye y'agaciro, n'ibikomoka ku buhinzi nka kakao, reberi, n'amavuta y'imikindo. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bya peteroli bigira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwabyo kandi bingana n’ijanisha ry’amafaranga yinjira muri leta. Nijeriya ihura n’ibibazo birimo ruswa, iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo bidahagije, ubukene, iterabwoba ry’imitwe y'intagondwa nka Boko Haram mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Nijeriya. Icyakora, leta irimo gushyira ingufu mu gukemura ibyo bibazo binyuze mu ivugurura ry'ubukungu no kunoza imiyoborere. Umurwa mukuru wa Nijeriya ni Abuja mu gihe Lagos ikora nk'umujyi munini n’ihuriro ry'ubukungu. Indi mijyi minini irimo Kano, Ibadan, Port Harcourt n'indi. Icyongereza ni ururimi rwemewe rukoreshwa mubucuruzi ariko hariho izindi ndimi kavukire zivugwa mu turere dutandukanye. Nijeriya itandukanye mu muco n'imigenzo itandukanye yizihizwa mu moko atandukanye harimo iminsi mikuru nka Eid-el-Kabir (umunsi mukuru w'Abayisilamu), Noheri (umunsi mukuru wa gikirisitu), umunsi mukuru wa Osun (umurage wa Yoruba) n'ibindi. Ku bijyanye n’ubukerarugendo bukurura: hari ibimenyetso nyaburanga nka Aso Urutare (Abuja), Urutare rwa Olumo (Abeokuta), Urutare rwa Zuma (Madalla). Igihugu kandi gifite ibyiza nyaburanga nka parike ya Yankari aho abashyitsi bashobora kureba inyamanswa cyangwa imisozi ya Idanre itanga ibitekerezo bitangaje. Mubikorwa bya siporo: Umupira w'amaguru urakunzwe cyane muri Nijeriya; Ikipe y'igihugu y'umupira w'amaguru ya Nigeriya yamenyekanye ku isi yose hamwe n'abakinnyi bitwaye neza bahatanira ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu bice bitandukanye by'imikino. Muri rusange, Nijeriya ni igihugu gifite amahirwe menshi kandi gitanga amahirwe atandukanye haba mubucuruzi no kwidagadura. Nijeriya ifite umurage ndangamuco, ubutunzi karemano, hamwe n’abaturage bafite imbaraga, Nijeriya ikomeje gutera imbere nk’umukinnyi ukomeye mu mibereho n’ubukungu bwa Afurika.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Nijeriya, igihugu cyo muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba, gifite ifaranga ryacyo ryitwa Nigeriya Naira (NGN). Ikimenyetso cy'ifaranga ni "₦". Banki Nkuru ya Nijeriya (CBN) ikora nk'ubuyobozi bushinzwe kugenzura no gutanga ifaranga ry'igihugu. Nijeriya Naira yahuye nibibazo byinshi byubukungu mumyaka yashize. Bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro bya peteroli, bigira ingaruka cyane ku kwinjiza Nigeriya nk’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibindi bihugu, ndetse n’ibindi bibazo by’imbere mu gihugu nka ruswa n’imicungire mibi y’amafaranga, agaciro ka Naira karagabanutse cyane ku mafaranga akomeye y’amahanga. Muri 2021, igipimo cy’ivunjisha hagati ya Naira yo muri Nijeriya n’ifaranga rikomeye nk’amadorari y’Amerika cyangwa amayero azenguruka hafi 1 USD = 410 NGN cyangwa 1 EUR = 490 NGN. Icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko igipimo cy’ivunjisha gishobora gutandukana bitewe n’ubukungu butandukanye n’imiterere y’isoko. Kugira ngo hakemurwe ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bifitanye isano n’ifaranga, nk’ubuke bw’ibigega by’ivunjisha n’ubucuruzi butemewe n’ifaranga rizwi ku izina rya "isoko ryirabura," CBN yashyize mu bikorwa politiki zitandukanye mu gihe runaka. Izi politiki zirimo gushyiraho ibihano ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo bibungabunge ububiko bw’amahanga no gutera amafaranga y’inyongera mu nzego zikomeye binyuze muri gahunda nka Window 'y'abashoramari & abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze (I&E). Izi ngamba zigamije guhungabanya ubukungu bwa Nijeriya mu kugabanya umuvuduko w’ifaranga riterwa n’igitutu kidakwiye ku masoko y’ivunjisha. Nubwo hashyizweho ingufu, ihindagurika ry’ibiciro bya peteroli ku isi rikomeje kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu bwa Nijeriya. Uku gushingira ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigira uruhare mu kwibasirwa n’imbere iyo isoko ryifashe nabi. Gutandukanya inkomoko y’amafaranga arenze ibyoherezwa mu mahanga no gushimangira agaciro k’ifaranga ku bandi ku masoko mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi bikomeje kuba intego y’igihe kirekire kuri Nigeriya. Harimo kandi gushyirwaho ingufu mu gukoresha ifaranga rya digitale nka Bitcoin cyangwa gushakisha ikorana buhanga mu bikorwa by’imari muri Nijeriya. Twizera ko iyi gahunda izamura gukorera mu mucyo no kunoza imikorere y’imari mu gihe hazatezwa imbere ubundi buryo bwo kwishyura burenze amafaranga gakondo ya fiat nka NGN. Mu gusoza, uko ifaranga rya Nijeriya rikomeje kuba ingorabahizi mu rwego rw’ubukungu muri rusange. Umunyanijeriya Naira yagize guta agaciro kwifaranga rikomeye kubera ibintu bitandukanye byimbere mu gihugu no hanze. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, guverinoma n’inzego zishinzwe kugenzura ibikorwa by’ibikorwa bigamije gushimangira agaciro k’ifaranga mu gihe harebwa ubundi buryo bw’imari bugamije kuzamura ubukungu no kugabanya gushingira ku mavuta yinjira.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe rya Nijeriya ni Naira Nigeriya (NGN). Guhera mu Gushyingo 2021, igipimo cy’ivunjisha cya Nigeriya Naira ku mafaranga akomeye ku isi ni aya akurikira: - 1 US $ (USD) ≈ 415 NGN - 1 Euro (EUR) ≈ 475 NGN - Pound 1 y'Abongereza (GBP) ≈ 548 NGN - Amadolari 1 y'Abanyakanada (CAD) ≈ 328 NGN - Amadorari 1 ya Australiya (AUD) ≈ 305 NGN Nyamuneka menya ko ibiciro byivunjisha bishobora guhindagurika kandi birashobora gutandukana gato.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Nijeriya, igihugu gitandukanye kandi gifite imbaraga muri Afrika yuburengerazuba, cyizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi yumwaka. Iyi minsi mikuru yerekana umurage gakondo numuco gakondo byamoko atandukanye. Imwe mu minsi mikuru nk'iyo yizihizwa ni umunsi mukuru wa Eid al-Fitr, urangiza Ramazani, ukwezi gutagatifu kwisonzesha ku Bayisilamu. Iri serukiramuco nigihe cyimiryango yo guhurira hamwe, guhana impano, gusangira iminsi mikuru namasengesho, mugihe kandi biteza imbere ubumwe nubuntu mubaturage. Undi munsi mukuru ukomeye ni umunsi wubwigenge ku ya 1 Ukwakira. Nijeriya yabonye ubwigenge ku butegetsi bw'abakoloni b'Abongereza kuri uyu munsi mu 1960. Igihugu cyizihije imyigaragambyo, kwerekana igisirikare, ibitaramo ndangamuco byerekana imbyino gakondo n'umuziki uturuka mu turere dutandukanye. Abaturage bishyira hamwe bagaragaza ko bakunda igihugu cyabo kandi bishimira iterambere ry’igihugu cyabo. Iserukiramuco rya Osun-Osogbo ni ibirori ngarukamwaka by’amadini byizihizwa n’abaturage ba Yoruba bo muri leta ya Osun mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro imana ya Osun. Iri serukiramuco rikurura ba mukerarugendo baturutse hirya no hino ku isi bibonera urugendo rutandukanye ruherekejwe n'imbyino gakondo, ibitaramo bya muzika bizihiza imihango y'uburumbuke. Mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Nijeriya mu Kuboza buri mwaka - atari Noheri gusa - ahubwo na karnival ya masquerade ikomeye yiswe "Mmanwu" cyangwa "Mmo" ibera mu baturage ba Igbo berekana ibihangano bya mask byerekana imyuka cyangwa ibisekuruza byakekwagaho kuzana imigisha cyangwa kurinda imidugudu. Byongeye kandi, leta zitandukanye zifite iminsi mikuru y’akarere igereranya imigenzo n'imigenzo idasanzwe ijyanye n'amateka yabo cyangwa umutungo wabo nka Argungu Fishing Festival muri Leta ya Kebbi aho abantu babarirwa mu magana bitabira amarushanwa yo kuroba ku nkombe z'umugezi buri Werurwe. Iyi minsi mikuru ikora nk'urubuga rwo kubungabunga umuco mu gihe iteza imbere ubumwe mu baturage ba Nigeriya. Bitanga amahirwe kubaturage ndetse nabashyitsi kimwe kugirango bashimire ubudasa bwa Nigeriya binyuze mubuhanzi nkumuziki, imyambarire yimbyino ishushanyijeho imiterere itandukanye igaragaza buri bwoko. Mu gusoza, Nijeriya ntago igaragara gusa ahantu nyaburanga nyaburanga, ariko nanone umuco wacyo wagaragaye binyuze mu birori byinshi byakwirakwijwe mu mwaka. Iyi minsi mikuru ikora nka Windows mumateka ya Nigeriya, iy'ubu, n'ejo hazaza mugihe yemerera abaturage guhurira hamwe bakishimira umurage basangiye.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Nijeriya ni igihugu giherereye muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba kandi gifatwa nk'imwe mu bukungu bunini ku mugabane wa Afurika. Imiterere y’ubucuruzi mu gihugu irangwa n’ibibazo n'amahirwe. Ku bijyanye n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, Nijeriya ahanini ishingiye ku nganda zayo za peteroli. Ibikomoka kuri peteroli n'ibikomoka kuri peteroli bifite igice kinini cy’amafaranga yinjira mu gihugu. Nyamara, uku kwishingikiriza cyane kuri peteroli bituma Nigeriya ishobora guhura n’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro by’isoko ry’isi, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bucuruzi bwayo. Usibye peteroli, Nijeriya nayo yohereza ibicuruzwa mu buhinzi nka kakao, reberi, amavuta y'imikindo, n'amabuye y'agaciro akomeye nka tin na hekeste. Ibicuruzwa bigira uruhare mu gutandukanya urwego rwohereza ibicuruzwa muri Nijeriya ariko biracyari bike ugereranije n’uruhare runini rwa peteroli. Ku rundi ruhande, Nijeriya itumiza cyane imashini n'ibikoresho mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo ubuhinzi, inganda, itumanaho, n'ubwikorezi. Ibicuruzwa byabaguzi nka electronics na farumasi nabyo nibitumizwa mumasoko ya Nigeriya. Uku gutumizwa mu mahanga kwerekana amahirwe kubucuruzi bwamahanga bashaka kwinjira mumasoko ya Nigeriya nibicuruzwa byiza. Nijeriya ni umunyamuryango w’ibihugu byinshi by’ubucuruzi by’akarere nka ECOWAS (Umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburengerazuba) ugamije guteza imbere ubufatanye bw’akarere binyuze mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu hagati y’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango. Byongeye kandi, ubufatanye mpuzamahanga bwashyizweho n’ibihugu nk’Ubushinwa bigira uruhare mu bucuruzi bw’ibihugu byombi. Guteza imbere ubukungu binyuze mu kongera ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi hamwe no gutandukanya ibicuruzwa byabo byoherezwa mu mahanga aho gushingira ku bicuruzwa gakondo nka peteroli ikomeje kuba icy'ibanze ku bafata ibyemezo muri Nijeriya. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ingamba ziteza imbere umusaruro waho no kugabanya ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga zashyizwe mu bikorwa mu gihe dushishikarizwa gushora imari mu mahanga (FDI) mu bucuruzi butari peteroli. Muri rusange, mu gihe Nigeriya ihura n’ibibazo bitewe n’uko ishingiye ku masoko y’ibicuruzwa bihindagurika ku isi nka peteroli ya peteroli hamwe n’ibikenewe cyane mu mahanga; imbaraga zirakomeje hagamijwe ubukungu butandukanye bwibanda ku kwagura inganda zaho ndetse no gushimangira umubano mpuzamahanga muri Afurika ndetse no hanze yarwo.
Iterambere ryisoko
Nijeriya, nk’ubukungu bunini muri Afurika, ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare muri ubwo bushobozi. Ubwa mbere, Nijeriya ikungahaye ku mutungo kamere. Nicyo gitanga peteroli nini muri Afrika kandi gifite ibigega byinshi byamabuye y'agaciro nka amabati, amabuye, amakara, na zahabu. Ibikoresho bitanga amahirwe yo kohereza no gukurura abashoramari b’amahanga bashaka gukoresha ibyo bigega. Icya kabiri, Nijeriya ifite isoko rinini ryabaguzi rifite abaturage barenga miliyoni 200. Iri soko rinini ryimbere mu gihugu ritanga umusingi winganda zaho kandi rigira uruhare mugukenera ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Igihugu cyo hagati kizamuka mu gihugu nacyo gitanga amahirwe ku bicuruzwa bihenze n'ibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, Nijeriya iherereye muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba ifite amahirwe yo kugera ku masoko menshi yo mu karere binyuze mu bihugu by’ubukungu bw’akarere nka ECOWAS (Umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburengerazuba). Iyi nyungu ya geografiya ituma ubucuruzi bwa Nigeriya bwaguka kugera kumipaka no kugera kumasoko manini arenga imbibi zigihugu. Mu myaka yashize, guverinoma ya Nigeriya yafashe ingamba zo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwayo ishyira mu bikorwa ivugurura rigamije gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga no guteza imbere ubucuruzi. Ibikorwa nko gushyiraho uduce tw’ubucuruzi ku buntu hamwe n’ubukungu bwihariye bw’ubukungu byatumye habaho ibihe byiza ku masosiyete mpuzamahanga ashaka gushinga ibikorwa muri Nijeriya. Nubwo, nubwo bishoboka, hari ibibazo bigomba gukemurwa. Ibura ry'ibikorwa remezo harimo imiyoboro itwara abantu idahagije ibuza kugenda neza mu gihugu kandi bikabangamira irushanwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, politiki idahuye irashobora guteza amakenga kubucuruzi. Mu gusoza, isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’ububanyi n’amahanga rya Nijeriya rifite amahirwe menshi bitewe n’umutungo kamere mwinshi, icyifuzo cy’imbere mu gihugu, ahantu heza, ndetse n’imbaraga za guverinoma zikomeje.Nyamara, ni ngombwa ko ibibazo by’ibikorwa remezo byakemurwa, kandi politiki igakomeza gukurikizwa, kugira ngo hafungurwe ibi ubushobozi bwuzuye.Ibyo bivuzwe, ahazaza hasa nkicyizere kumirenge ya Nigeriya ya foreigntrade niba ibyo bibazo byakemuwe muburyo bukwiye.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Nijeriya, hari ibintu byinshi bigomba kwitabwaho. Nijeriya ni igihugu gifite ibyifuzo bitandukanye kandi bikunda, bityo kumva isoko ryaho ni ngombwa. Ubwa mbere, ni ngombwa kumenya ibicuruzwa bikenewe cyane muri Nijeriya. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi nka terefone zigendanwa, tableti, na mudasobwa zigendanwa bitewe n’abaturage biyongera mu ikoranabuhanga. Byongeye kandi, imyambarire nubwiza nkibikoresho, inkweto, kosmetika, nibindi bikoresho bikunda kugira isoko rikomeye nkuko abanya Nigeriya bashima uburyo bugezweho. Icya kabiri, urebye urwego rw’ubuhinzi rwa Nijeriya rutanga amahirwe menshi yo kohereza ibicuruzwa bijyanye n’inganda. Ibicuruzwa nkibiryo (umuceri, ingano), imbuto (cashews), ibirungo (ginger), n'ibinyobwa (ikawa) bifite ubushobozi bitewe nuko bikoreshwa mugihugu. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa bijyanye n’ingufu nabyo birashobora kuba amahitamo meza yoherezwa mu mahanga kubera ko Nigeriya ari kimwe mu bihugu bitanga peteroli nyinshi muri Afurika. Ibi birimo imashini / ibikoresho bikoreshwa mubushakashatsi bwa peteroli cyangwa amasoko yingufu zishobora kubaho nkizuba. Byongeye kandi, kumenya imico itandukanye muri Nijeriya bifasha guhitamo ibicuruzwa ku karere. Uturere dutandukanye dushobora kuba dufite uburyohe bwihariye cyangwa ibyo ukunda biterwa n'imigenzo yaho cyangwa ibiranga abaturage. Urugero: 1. Mu turere two mu majyaruguru: Ibicuruzwa nkimyenda gakondo nkimyenda ya Ankara cyangwa imyenda ya kisilamu birashobora gushimisha. 2. Mu turere two ku nkombe: Ibintu bijyanye n’inyanja nkibikoresho byuburobyi hamwe n’ibiti byo mu nyanja bitunganijwe bishobora kuba byiza. 3.Mu mijyi yo mumijyi: Ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru / ibikoresho cyangwa ibikoresho byinganda bishobora kwita kumijyi itera imbere byihuse. Muri rusange ubwishingizi bufite ireme mugihe uhitamo ibicuruzwa ntibishobora gushimangirwa hatitawe ku cyiciro cyatoranijwe; Abanyanijeriya bashima ibicuruzwa biramba bitanga agaciro kumafaranga. Icyangombwa kandi ni ugusuzuma ingamba zerekana ibiciro byerekana neza imbaraga zabaguzi mugihe hagumyeho inyungu zifatika kubohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Muri make, guhitamo ibicuruzwa "bishyushye" bisaba gusobanukirwa imigendekere yabaguzi ya Nigeriya hamwe nibyifuzo byumuco bifitanye isano na buri karere neza; gushimangira ubwishingizi bufite ireme, ibiciro bikwiye, no kumenya ubumenyi buhagije ku isoko rigenewe. Byongeye kandi, gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku isoko no gukomeza kuvugururwa niterambere ryinganda birashobora gutanga ubushishozi bukomeye bwo gufata ibyemezo byorohereza ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu isoko rya Nigeriya.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Nijeriya nigihugu gitandukanye gifite umurage gakondo wumuco nibiranga abakiriya bidasanzwe. Gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira ziki gihugu ni ngombwa kubucuruzi cyangwa umuntu ku giti cye ushaka kwishora ku isoko rya Nigeriya. Ku bijyanye n'ibiranga abakiriya, Abanyanijeriya bazwiho kumva neza umuryango no guha agaciro umubano. Kubaka amasano kugiti cyawe ni ngombwa, gufata umwanya rero wo kwizerana na rapport birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye mubucuruzi. Muri rusange Abanyanijeriya ni abagenzi, bakira abashyitsi, kandi bishimira gusabana. Kubijyanye nibyifuzo byabakiriya, abanya Nigeriya bashima ibicuruzwa na serivisi nziza bitanga agaciro kumafaranga. Akenshi usanga bumva ibiciro ariko bafite ubushake bwo kwishyura byinshi kubintu bihuye nibyo bategereje. Byongeye kandi, bakunda kwibanda cyane kuramba no kuramba mubicuruzwa. Ariko, hariho ingingo zimwe na zimwe za kirazira zigomba kwirindwa mugihe zikorana nabakiriya ba Nigeriya. Iyobokamana ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu buzima bwa buri munsi muri Nijeriya; kubwibyo rero, kuganira ku ngingo zishingiye ku idini cyangwa kunenga imyizerere y’idini bigomba kwirindwa kugira ngo birinde gutera icyaha cyangwa gusuzugura. Muri ubwo buryo, politiki irashobora kuba ikintu gikora ku mutima kubera imiterere y’amacakubiri mu gihugu. Nibyiza kwirinda kwishora mubiganiro bya politiki keretse umuntu yashyizeho umubano wa hafi numuntu wabigizemo uruhare. Ni ngombwa kandi kudatekereza ku bikorwa by’umuco cyangwa imyumvire ku Banyanijeriya iyo ukorana n’abakiriya baturuka muri iki gihugu. Buri karere ko muri Nijeriya gafite imigenzo gakondo; kubwibyo, gufata umwanya wo kwiga ibijyanye numuco wihariye byerekana kubaha abakiriya bawe bo muri Nigeriya. Mu gusoza, gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya ba Nigeriya nko guha agaciro umubano nibicuruzwa / serivisi nziza mugihe wirinze ingingo zoroshye nka politiki y’amadini bizagira uruhare runini mu mikoranire myiza muri iri soko.
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Nijeriya, iherereye muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba, ifite gahunda yo gucunga neza gasutamo mu rwego rwo kugenzura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Serivisi ishinzwe gasutamo ya Nigeriya (NCS) ishinzwe gucunga amategeko n'amabwiriza ya gasutamo mu gihugu. Kwinjira cyangwa gusohoka muri Nijeriya unyuze ku byambu byayo, hari inzira nyinshi zingenzi za gasutamo nubuyobozi bigomba gukurikizwa: 1. Inyandiko: Ni ngombwa kugira ibyangombwa byose bikenewe byo gukuraho ibicuruzwa binyuze muri gasutamo. Ibi birimo fagitire zipakurura, inyemezabuguzi zubucuruzi, urutonde rwo gupakira, hamwe nimpushya zo gutumiza / kohereza hanze. 2. Inshingano zitumizwa mu mahanga: Nijeriya ishyiraho imisoro ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bitandukanye bizanwa mu gihugu hashingiwe ku byiciro byabo. Iyi mirimo igomba kwishyurwa mbere yo gutangwa. 3. Ibintu bibujijwe: Ibintu bimwe nkibiyobyabwenge, imbunda, ibicuruzwa byiganano, nibikoresho byangiza birabujijwe rwose kwinjira muri Nijeriya nta burenganzira bubifitiye uburenganzira. 4. Inzira y'Ibizamini: Ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu nyanja birashobora gusuzumwa n'abashinzwe za gasutamo kugira ngo barebe niba byubahirizwa kandi bigenzurwe neza kugira ngo hasuzumwe imisoro. 5. Kuzana by'agateganyo / Kwohereza hanze: Niba ibicuruzwa bigenewe gukoreshwa by'agateganyo cyangwa kwerekana imurikagurisha muri Nijeriya (urugero, imashini cyangwa ibikoresho), uruhushya rwo gutumiza mu mahanga / kohereza mu mahanga by'agateganyo rugomba kuboneka muri NCS. 6. Agaciro ka gasutamo: Abakozi ba gasutamo bagena agaciro k’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga bishingiye ku gaciro k’ubucuruzi cyangwa ubundi buryo buteganijwe n’ibipimo mpuzamahanga nk’amasezerano yo guha agaciro umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi. 7. 8. Ni ngombwa kugisha inama umukozi ubifitemo uruhushya umenyereye amabwiriza ya gasutamo ya Nigeriya mugihe cyo gutumiza cyangwa kohereza ibicuruzwa mu byambu bya Nigeriya. Ibi bizemeza kubahiriza inzira zose zikenewe kandi birinde kwirinda gutinda cyangwa ibihano byose mugihe cya gasutamo.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Nijeriya ni igihugu giherereye muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba kandi gifite politiki y’imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga. Guverinoma ya Nigeriya ishyiraho imisoro ku bicuruzwa biva mu gihugu bitandukanye. Iyi misoro yakwa kugirango yinjize leta kandi irinde inganda zo mu gihugu. Igipimo cy’imisoro yatumijwe muri Nijeriya kiratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Muri rusange, ibicuruzwa bifatwa nkibyingenzi cyangwa ingenzi mugutezimbere imbere mu gihugu, nkibikoresho fatizo byo kubyaza umusaruro inganda n’imashini, birashobora guhabwa imisoro yo hasi cyangwa na zeru. Nyamara, ibicuruzwa bimwebimwe byiza cyangwa bidakenewe bikurura igiciro cyinshi cyo gutumiza mu mahanga kugirango bigabanye ibyo bakoresha kandi biteze imbere umusaruro waho. Kurugero, ibinyabiziga na elegitoroniki mubisanzwe bifite imisoro ihanitse ugereranije nibicuruzwa nkibiryo cyangwa imiti. Usibye imisoro y'ibanze yatumijwe mu mahanga, Nijeriya ikoresha kandi amafaranga menshi y’inyongera ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Harimo umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA), amahoro ku bicuruzwa ku bicuruzwa byihariye nk'itabi cyangwa inzoga, amafaranga yo gutunganya gasutamo, n'amafaranga y'ubuyobozi. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko Nigeriya isuzuma buri gihe politiki y’ibiciro ishingiye ku bitekerezo by’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi bw’isi yose. Kubwibyo, ibiciro byimisoro birashobora guhinduka mugihe leta ihindura politiki yubucuruzi. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Nijeriya bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yose ajyanye n’uburyo bwo gukuraho gasutamo no kwishyura imisoro ikoreshwa mbere yuko ibicuruzwa bisohoka ku byambu, ku bibuga by’indege, cyangwa ku mipaka y’ubutaka. Gusobanukirwa politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Nijeriya ni ingenzi ku bucuruzi bugira uruhare mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’igihugu kuko bubafasha kumenya impamvu z’ibiciro mu gihe ibicuruzwa bitumizwa muri Nijeriya.
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Nijeriya, nk'igihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere muri Afurika, yashyize mu bikorwa politiki zitandukanye z’imisoro yohereza mu mahanga hagamijwe kuzamura ubukungu no kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu. Izi politiki zigamije kugenzura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga no kwinjiza leta amafaranga. Muri Nijeriya, Itegeko rigenga gasutamo n’imisoro (CEMA) rigenga imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze. Igipimo cy’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga kiratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga muri Nijeriya ni uko ibicuruzwa bimwe bisonewe imisoro. Ibi bishimangira umusaruro wabo kandi bikanemeza guhangana kwabo kumasoko mpuzamahanga. Ingero zimwe zisanzwe zibicuruzwa bisonewe zirimo ibicuruzwa byakozwe, umusaruro wubuhinzi, amabuye y'agaciro akomeye, na peteroli. Ku bicuruzwa bidasonewe, Nijeriya ishyiraho igipimo cy’imisoro yihariye ishingiye kuri kodegisi ya sisitemu (code ya HS). Abashora ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kumenya kode ya HS ikoreshwa kubicuruzwa byabo kugirango bamenye igipimo cy’imisoro ijyanye. Byongeye kandi, Nijeriya ikoresha kandi ad-valorem ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe aho imisoro ibarwa nkijanisha ryagaciro kayo. Kurugero, ibicuruzwa bitarimo amavuta nkibishyimbo bya kakao cyangwa reberi birashobora gusoreshwa umusoro wa ad-valorem uri hagati ya 1% na 20%. Ni ngombwa ko abohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bakurikiza aya mabwiriza y’imisoro batangaza neza agaciro kaboherezwa mu mahanga na kamere. Kutabikora birashobora gukurura ibihano cyangwa ingaruka zemewe n'amategeko. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa ko abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Nijeriya bakomeza guhindurwa n’impinduka zose cyangwa ivugururwa muri politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga kuko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bikorwa by’ubucuruzi ku buryo bugaragara. Kugenzura buri gihe umutungo wa leta nkurubuga rwa serivisi rwa gasutamo ya Nigeriya cyangwa kugisha inama serivisi zumwuga birashobora gutanga amakuru yingirakamaro kubiciro biriho. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ya Nijeriya igira uruhare runini mu kugenzura ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi mu gihe izamura ubukungu binyuze mu kwinjiza amafaranga no guteza imbere inganda z’imbere mu gihugu.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Nijeriya, igihugu giherereye muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba, kizwiho ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byoherezwa mu mahanga. Mu rwego rwo koroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga no kwemeza ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, Nijeriya yashyizeho uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Akanama gashinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga muri Nigeriya (NEPC) n’ikigo cya leta gishinzwe gutanga ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Nijeriya. Iyi nama ikorana cyane n’abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze kandi ibaha ubuyobozi n’inkunga ikenewe kugira ngo bakurikize amahame mpuzamahanga. Icyemezo cyo kohereza hanze muri Nijeriya gikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi. Ubwa mbere, abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kwandikisha ubucuruzi bwabo muri NEPC no kubona Icyemezo cyohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Iki cyemezo kigenzura ko ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byemewe na guverinoma kandi yemerewe gukora ibikorwa byo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Icya kabiri, abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byabo byujuje ubuziranenge bwihariye bwashyizweho ninzego zishinzwe kugenzura nk’umuryango ngenderwaho wa Nijeriya (SON). Ibipimo ngenderwaho nibyingenzi mukubungabunga umutekano wibicuruzwa, gukora neza, no kwizerwa. Kugirango babone icyemezo cya SONCAP (Organisation Organisation of Nigeria Conformity Assessment Program), abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kwipimisha ibicuruzwa byemewe binyuze muri laboratoire zemewe. Icya gatatu, abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bashaka kohereza ibicuruzwa mu buhinzi basabwa kubona icyemezo cya Phytosanitarite muri serivisi ishinzwe ubuhinzi bw’ubuhinzi muri Nijeriya (NAQS). Iki cyemezo cyemeza ko ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bitarimo udukoko cyangwa indwara zishobora kwangiza ibidukikije by’amahanga. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa bimwe bishobora gusaba ibyemezo byinyongera bitewe na kamere yabyo. Kurugero, ibiribwa bitunganijwe bisaba icyemezo cyisesengura mugihe amabuye y'agaciro akenera ibiro bya Mining Cadastre byemewe. Ni ngombwa ko Abanyanijeriya bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bubahiriza ibyo basabwa kugira ngo babone ibyemezo kuko byongera icyizere ku masoko y'isi kandi bigatuma abaguzi banyurwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, gukurikiza amahame mpuzamahanga bifasha kurinda izina rya Nijeriya nkisoko yizewe yoherezwa mu mahanga. Mu gusoza, kubona ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Nijeriya bikubiyemo kwiyandikisha nk'ibyohereza ibicuruzwa hanze muri NEPC, byujuje ubuziranenge bwihariye bwashyizweho n'inzego zishinzwe kugenzura nka SON cyangwa NAQS bitewe n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Kubahiriza ibyo bisabwa ntabwo byongera amahirwe yubucuruzi kubohereza ibicuruzwa muri Nigeriya gusa ahubwo binafasha mukuzamura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga kwisi yose.
Basabwe ibikoresho
Nijeriya ni igihugu giherereye muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba kandi kizwiho umuco utandukanye, ubukungu bukomeye, n'ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi byinshi. Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho byo muri Nigeriya, hari ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi tugomba gusuzuma. Ubwa mbere, ibyambu bikomeye muri Nijeriya bigira uruhare runini mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Icyambu cya Lagos hamwe na Tin Can Island Port Complex iherereye i Lagos ni ibyambu bibiri byuzuyemo abantu benshi mu gihugu. Ibyo byambu bikora ubwinshi bwimizigo kandi bitanga serivisi nziza zo kohereza ibicuruzwa. Bafite ibikorwa remezo byubatswe hamwe nibikoresho bigezweho, harimo ibikoresho bya kontineri hamwe nububiko butekanye. Usibye ibyambu, Nijeriya ifite urusobe runini rw'imihanda ihuza imigi minini kandi ikorohereza ubwikorezi bwo mu gihugu. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko imiyoboro imwe nimwe yo mumuhanda ishobora kugira ibibazo bimwe nkubucucike cyangwa ibihe bibi. Niyo mpamvu, nibyiza gukorana nabashinzwe gutanga ibikoresho byizewe bafite ubumenyi bwaho kandi bashobora gukemura ibyo bibazo neza. Byongeye kandi, serivisi zo gutwara indege zikoreshwa cyane mubyoherezwa byihutirwa cyangwa ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro kanini. Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Murtala Muhammed i Lagos ni irembo ry'ibanze ryo gutwara imizigo mpuzamahanga mu kirere. Itanga indege nyinshi zitwara imizigo ikora ingendo ziteganijwe kugana ahantu hatandukanye kwisi. Kugira ngo ibikorwa bigende neza mu nzego z’ibikoresho bya Nijeriya, hari amasosiyete menshi azwi y’ibikoresho atanga serivisi zuzuye zirimo ibicuruzwa bitangwa na gasutamo, ibisubizo by’ububiko, na serivisi zo gukwirakwiza hirya no hino mu turere dutandukanye tw’igihugu. Aya masosiyete afite uburambe bunini bukorera mu bucuruzi budasanzwe bwa Nijeriya kandi akumva amabwiriza yaho neza. Byongeye kandi, e-ubucuruzi bwagize uruhare runini muri Nijeriya hamwe n’abantu benshi biyongera ku mbuga za interineti zo guhaha. Kugira ngo iki cyifuzo gikomeze kwiyongera, iki gihugu cyabonye ibigo byuzuza serivisi ndetse n’abatanga serivisi, cyane cyane mu mijyi minini nka Lagos, Ibadan, na Abuja.Abo batanga bazobereye mugutunganya gahunda mugihe, gutoranya no gupakira inzira.guhuriza hamwe, no gutanga ibirometero byanyuma. Ubwanyuma, burigihe birasabwa kugisha inama inganda zizewe zerekana ubucuruzi bwamashyirahamwe mugihe gutoranya abafatanyabikorwa muri Nigeriato kwemeza kubahiriza ibisabwa na gasutamo hamwe n’ibipimo mpuzamahanga byoherezwa mu mahanga. Muri make, Nijeriya itanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga ibikoresho kuva ku byambu bikuru kugeza kuri serivisi zo kurwanya indege, imiyoboro yo gutwara abantu n'ibintu, ndetse no kwagura ibikorwa bya e-bucuruzi byihuse. Gufatanya nabashinzwe gutanga ibikoresho babimenyereye bazi neza ibijyanye nubucuruzi bwigihugu ndetse n’amabwiriza birashobora guhindura ibikorwa byawe muri Nigeriya.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Nijeriya, iherereye muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba, ni igihugu gifite ubukungu bukomeye n'inganda zitandukanye. Ikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga bakomeye kandi itanga inzira nyinshi ziterambere hamwe nubucuruzi bwerekana ubucuruzi. Hano haribimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bitanga amasoko mpuzamahanga muri Nigeriya. 1. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi muri Nijeriya: Iri ni rimwe mu imurikagurisha rinini ry’ubucuruzi muri Nijeriya, rikurura abitabiriye amahugurwa ndetse n’amahanga. Itanga urubuga rwiza rwo kwerekana ibicuruzwa na serivisi biva mu nzego zitandukanye nk'inganda, ubuhinzi, ikoranabuhanga, ubuvuzi, n'ibindi. Imurikagurisha rishishikariza amahirwe yo guhuza imishinga binyuze mu nama ya B2B. 2. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi rya Lagos: Ryateguwe buri mwaka n’Urugaga rw’Ubucuruzi n’inganda rwa Lagos (LCCI), iri murikagurisha ry’ubucuruzi rigamije guteza imbere ubukungu mu guhuza ubucuruzi buturutse mu turere dutandukanye tw’isi. Itanga ubucuruzi bwingirakamaro kubaguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka kwinjira cyangwa kwagura ibikorwa byabo ku isoko rya Nigeriya. 3. Imurikagurisha ngarukamwaka rya NACCIMA: Ishyirahamwe ry’Ubucuruzi ry’Abanyanigeria, Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’inganda n’ubuhinzi (NACCIMA) ryakira imurikagurisha ngarukamwaka ryerekana amahirwe ku bufatanye n’amasoko ku isi mu nganda nk’ubwubatsi, ingufu, ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa, serivisi zakira abashyitsi, n'ibindi. 4. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi rya Kaduna: Iri murika rikuru ry’ubucuruzi ritegurwa n’Urugereko rwa Kaduna buri mwaka kugira ngo ryerekane ibicuruzwa biva mu nzego zitandukanye nk’imashini z’ubuhinzi n’ibisubizo by’ikoranabuhanga mu buhanga n’ibindi. 5 6. Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ry’ibiribwa rya Port Harcourt (PHIFF): Yihaye intego yo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bujyanye n’ibiribwa PHIFF ikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga bazwi cyane batunganya ibiribwa amasosiyete akora ibikomoka ku buhinzi n’inganda zitanga serivisi z’ibiribwa zitanga ubutaka bwera buteza imbere umubano w’ubucuruzi mu nganda z’ubuhinzi zibyara inyungu. 7. Icyumweru cy’imyambarire nyafurika Nigeriya (AFWN): Mugihe inganda zerekana imideli zimaze kwamamara kwisi yose AFWN igaragara nkigikorwa cyambere cyimyambarire yerekana abanyafurika bashushanya. Ikora nk'urubuga rwabaguzi mpuzamahanga gushakisha imiterere yimyambarire ya Nigeriya no gushyiraho ubufatanye bwunguka. 8. Imurikagurisha n’inama mpuzamahanga rya Lagos (LITEX): Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje guhindura inganda ku isi hose LITEX ihuza ibigo mpuzamahanga by’ikoranabuhanga by’abashoramari abashoramari ku rubuga rumwe baganira ku bigezweho bigaragaza ubufatanye bugezweho bwo guteza imbere ubufatanye. Usibye ubwo bucuruzi bwerekana Nigeriya itanga kandi amasoko kumurongo wa e-ubucuruzi nkumurongo wingenzi wamasoko aho abaguzi mpuzamahanga bashobora kuvana ibicuruzwa mubicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byo muri Nigeriya bigabanya imipaka y’imiterere itanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bitandukanye kubiciro byapiganwa. Muri rusange, Nijeriya itanga amahirwe menshi kubaguzi mpuzamahanga hamwe n’imurikagurisha ryayo rifite imbaraga, imurikagurisha ry’ubucuruzi, hamwe n’urubuga rwa interineti. Iyi miyoboro ituma ubucuruzi bwisi yose buhuza nabatanga ibicuruzwa muri Nigeriya, bagashakisha itandukaniro ryinshi ryisoko rya Nigeriya, kandi bikagira uruhare mukuzamuka kwubukungu binyuze mubucuruzi bwunguka.
Muri Nijeriya, hari moteri nyinshi zishakisha abantu bashingira kubushakashatsi bwabo kumurongo. Izi moteri zishakisha zitanga amakuru menshi, amakuru, nibikoresho. Dore zimwe muri moteri zishakisha zizwi cyane kandi zikoreshwa cyane muri Nijeriya: 1. Google: Moteri ishakisha izwi kwisi yose nayo ikoreshwa cyane muri Nigeriya. Itanga base base, ibisubizo byizewe, hamwe ninshuti-yoroheje. Urubuga: www.google.com.ng 2. Bing: Bing ya Microsoft nubundi buryo bukunzwe kubanya Nigeriya mugihe cyo gushakisha kurubuga. Itanga ibisubizo byuzuye hamwe namahitamo, amashusho, videwo, amakuru, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: www.bing.com 3. Yahoo: Nubwo ihura n’icyamamare mu myaka yashize ku isi yose, ishakisha rya Yahoo riracyafite umubare w’abakoresha muri Nijeriya. Itanga ibintu bitandukanye birimo amakuru agezweho na serivisi za imeri. Urubuga: www.ubushakashatsi.yahoo.com 4. DuckDuckGo: Azwiho kwibanda ku kurinda ubuzima bwite mu gihe ashakisha ku rubuga, DuckDuckGo yamamaye mu myaka yashize ku isi yose kubera impungenge z’umutekano w’amakuru. Urubuga: www.duckduckgo.com 5.Ishakisha rya Forumu ya Nairaland: Ihuriro rya Nairaland ni rumwe mu mbuga zisurwa cyane zikomoka muri Nijeriya; igizwe n'amahuriro atandukanye aho abakoresha bashobora kuganira ku ngingo kuva muri politiki kugeza imyidagaduro. Urubuga (moteri ishakisha): www.nairaland.com/ubushakashatsi 6.Saba.Com: Baza.com yemerera abakoresha kubaza ibibazo muburyo bwayo cyangwa kureba mubibazo byabajijwe mbere nibisubizo byashyizwe mubice nkibice byubucuruzi cyangwa siyanse. Urubuga: www.ask.com Izi ni ingero nkeya za moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa muri Nigeriya; icyakora, birakwiye ko tumenya ko Google ikomeje guhitamo cyane mubakoresha interineti kubera kwizerwa kwayo no kubika amakuru menshi.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Nigeriya, igihugu giherereye muri Afrika yuburengerazuba, gifite impapuro nyinshi zumuhondo zitanga amakuru yamakuru kubucuruzi na serivisi. Dore amwe mumapaji yumuhondo azwi muri Nigeriya hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. VConnect (https://www.vconnect.com/): Ubu ni bumwe mu bubiko bunini bwo kuri interineti muri Nijeriya, butanga ibyiciro byinshi birimo amahoteri, resitora, serivisi z'ubuvuzi, amasosiyete y'ubwubatsi, n'ibindi. 2. Urupapuro rwumuhondo muri Nijeriya (https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/YellowPages/): Aka gatabo gatanga urutonde runini rwubucuruzi mu nzego zitandukanye nkuburezi, ubuvuzi, inganda, indege, nubwikorezi. 3. Kompass Nigeriya (https://ng.kompass.com/): Kompass itanga ububiko bwuzuye bwibigo bikorera muri Nijeriya. Iyemerera abakoresha gushakisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi byihariye ninganda cyangwa izina ryisosiyete. 4. Finder yo muri Nigeriya (http://www.nigerianfinder.com/business-directory/): Finder yo muri Nigeriya itanga igitabo cyubucuruzi kirimo imirenge itandukanye nkibigo byamabanki n’ishoramari, amasosiyete yubwishingizi, abashinzwe imitungo itimukanwa, abatanga serivise za IT nibindi byinshi. 5. NgEX Urupapuro rwumuhondo (http://www.ngex.com/yellowpages/): NgEX ni urubuga rwa interineti ruhuza ubucuruzi bwaho nabashobora kuba abakiriya muri Nigeriya ndetse no hanze yarwo. Ububiko bukubiyemo imirima itandukanye nkubuhinzi & ibikoresho byo guhinga; abacuruza ibinyabiziga; abajyanama mu by'amategeko; amaduka acururizwamo; n'ibindi Ipaji z'umuhondo zifasha abantu kumenya abashobora kuba abacuruzi cyangwa abatanga serivise ukurikije ibyo basabwa mu turere dutandukanye twa Nijeriya - kuva Lagos kugera Abuja kugera Port Harcourt nahandi! Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka no kumenya amakuru kururu rubuga bishobora gutandukana mugihe rero birasabwa buri gihe kugenzura amakuru arambuye mbere yo gufata ibyemezo cyangwa imibonano.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Nijeriya ni ubukungu bwiyongera muri Afurika, butuwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 200. Mu gihe ubucuruzi n’ikoranabuhanga bikomeje gutera imbere muri iki gihugu, hagaragaye imiyoboro minini ya e-ubucuruzi kugira ngo ihuze ibyo abakoresha ba Nigeriya bakeneye. Hano haribimwe mubiyobora e-ubucuruzi byambere muri Nigeriya: 1. Jumia - Jumia nimwe murubuga runini rwa e-ubucuruzi muri Nijeriya, rutanga ibicuruzwa byinshi mubyiciro bitandukanye nka electronics, imideri, ubwiza, ibiribwa, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: www.jumia.com.ng 2. Konga - Konga nundi mucuruzi uzwi cyane kumurongo muri Nigeriya utanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imideri, ibikoresho byo murugo, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: www.konga.com 3. Payporte - Payporte nisoko ryo kumurongo rizwiho imyambarire yimyambarire hamwe nibikoresho. Itanga kandi ibindi bicuruzwa nka electronics nibikoresho byo murugo kubakiriya ba Nigeriya. Urubuga: www.payporte.com 4. Ahantu - Ahantu hibandwa kugurisha ibikoresho bya elegitoronike nka terefone, mudasobwa zigendanwa, tableti, imashini yimikino, hamwe nibindi bikoresho haba kumurongo ndetse no mububiko bwabo bwa fiziki muri Nigeriya. Urubuga: www.slot.ng 5. Kilimall - Kilimall ikorera mu bihugu byinshi bya Afurika harimo na Nijeriya itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi kuva kuri electronics kugeza kumyambarire kubiciro byapiganwa. Urubuga: www.kilimall.ng/nigeria/ 6.Jiji- Jiji ni rumwe mu mbuga za mbere zashyizwe ku rutonde zirimo ibyiciro bitandukanye kuva ku mutungo utimukanwa kugeza ku binyabiziga; yemerera abantu cyangwa ubucuruzi kohereza amatangazo kubuntu. Urubuga: jiji.ng/ 7.Mystore- Mystore itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi nkibikoresho & serivisi za elegitoroniki kubikoresho byo murugo & imyenda yo mu nzu & imyenda. Urubuga: mystore.ng/ Izi porogaramu zahinduye imiterere y’ubucuruzi zitanga uburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye ku baguzi bo muri Nijeriya ubu bashobora kugura ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kumurongo badasize amazu yabo cyangwa ibiro byabo. Nyamuneka menya ko uru rutonde rushobora kuba rutuzuye kuko abakinnyi bashya bahora binjira ku isoko rya e-bucuruzi rya Nigeriya. Buri gihe ni byiza gukora ubushakashatsi no kugenzura ibishya kugirango ukomeze kumenyeshwa amakuru agezweho mu bucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi muri Nijeriya.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Nijeriya, nk'igihugu cya Afurika gituwe cyane, cyabonye iterambere rikomeye mu gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga ku mpamvu zitandukanye. Dore zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane muri Nijeriya hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Facebook - Urubuga rukoreshwa cyane muri Nijeriya ni Facebook. Abakoresha barashobora guhuza inshuti nimiryango, gusangira ibitekerezo, amafoto, na videwo. URL: www.facebook.com. 2. Twitter - Azwiho kuvugurura byihuse no kuganira ku gihe, Twitter yamenyekanye cyane mu Banyanijeriya mu gukwirakwiza amakuru no kujya mu biganiro ku ngingo zitandukanye. URL: www.twitter.com. 3. Instagram - Iyi porogaramu itwarwa n'amashusho ituma abayikoresha basangira amafoto na videwo hamwe nabayoboke babo hamwe nibisobanuro bihanga cyangwa hashtags. Ikoreshwa cyane nabantu, abaterankunga, hamwe nubucuruzi kimwe muri Nijeriya kugirango ibicuruzwa byamamaza cyangwa serivisi kubantu benshi. URL: www.instagram.com. 4. LinkedIn - Nkurubuga rwumwuga ruhuza abantu rushingiye ku nyungu zumwuga cyangwa intego zumwuga, LinkedIn ikora nkurubuga rukomeye kubanya Nigeriya bashaka amahirwe yo kubona akazi cyangwa guhuza ibikorwa. URL: www.linkedin.com. 5. Snapchat - Yamamaye muri demokarasi ikiri nto muri Nijeriya, Snapchat yemerera abakoresha kohereza amafoto na videwo byigihe gito bizwi nka "snap". Itanga kandi ibiranga nka muyunguruzi, geo-ibibanza biranga cyangwa udupapuro. URL: www.snapchat.com. 6. TikTok - Porogaramu yo gusangira amashusho ya virusi TikTok yahise imenyekana mu byiciro byose byo muri Nijeriya kuva yatangizwa. Abakoresha bakora videwo ngufi yiminwa cyangwa udukino dusetsa bashobora gusangira muri porogaramu cyangwa izindi mbuga nkoranyambaga. URL: www.tiktok.com/en/. 7. WhatsApp - Nubwo izwi cyane nka porogaramu yohererezanya ubutumwa ku isi yose, WhatsApp ikora nk'igikoresho cy'itumanaho gikomeye ku Banyanijeriya binyuze mu guhamagara amajwi, guhamagara kuri videwo, kuganira mu matsinda, gusangira dosiye n'ibindi. URL: www.whatsapp.com 8. Nairaland - Ihuriro ryibanda kumurongo wa Nigeriya rikubiyemo ingingo zitandukanye zirimo amakuru, politiki, siporo, imyidagaduro, nubucuruzi. Ikora nk'urubuga rwo kuganira no guhana amakuru. URL: www.nairaland.com. Izi ni zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi zikoreshwa muri Nijeriya. Bahinduye uburyo Abanyanijeriya bakorana kandi bagakomeza guhuza isi kurwego rwumuntu ku giti cye ndetse n’umwuga.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Nijeriya, igihugu muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba, ifite amashyirahamwe menshi akomeye mu nganda agira uruhare runini mu kuzamura no guteza imbere inzego zitandukanye. Amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Nigeriya ni aya akurikira: 1. Ishyirahamwe ryabakora muri Nijeriya (MAN): Iri shyirahamwe ryerekana inyungu zamasosiyete akora muri Nigeriya. Urubuga rwabo ni: www.manufacturersnigeria.org. 2. Ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi, inganda, ubucukuzi n’ubuhinzi muri Nijeriya (NACCIMA): NACCIMA iteza imbere ubucuruzi n’ishoramari kimwe n’ijwi ry’ubucuruzi bwa Nigeriya. Urubuga rwabo ni: www.naccima.com.ng. 3. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi rwa Nijeriya n’Amerika (NACC): NACC ishishikariza umubano w’ubucuruzi hagati ya Nijeriya na Amerika, utanga urubuga rwo guhuza no guteza imbere ubucuruzi ku banyamuryango bacyo. Urubuga rwabo ni: www.nigerianamericanchamber.org. 4. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi rwa Nigeriya n’Ubwongereza (NBCC): NBCC yibanze ku guteza imbere umubano w’ubucuruzi hagati ya Nijeriya n’Ubwongereza ari nako yorohereza ubufatanye mu bucuruzi hagati y’ibigo byombi. Urubuga rwabo ni: www.nbcc.org.ng. 5 Urubuga rwabo ni: www.icanngr.org. 6. Ikigo cya Nigeriya gishinzwe imiyoborere (NIM): NIM yibanda ku myigire y’imiyoborere n’iterambere, kureba ko abayobozi babishoboye baboneka mu nzego zitandukanye kugira ngo iterambere ry’imikorere muri Nijeriya. Urubuga rwabo ni: www.managementnigeria.org. 7.Nigeria Society of Engineers (NSE) - Uyu muryango wumwuga uhagarariye abajenjeri bo mubyiciro bitandukanye bakora bigamije guteza imbere imyitozo yubuhanga n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga muri Nijeriya.Urubuga rwabo-> www.nse.org.ng Aya mashyirahamwe yinganda yavuzwe ni ingero nkeya mubindi byinshi bikorera mu nzego zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, ikoranabuhanga, ubuvuzi, amabanki n’imari n'ibindi, byose bigira uruhare mu kuzamuka no gutera imbere muri Nijeriya.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Hano hari urutonde rwurubuga rwubukungu nubucuruzi rwa Nigeriya: 1. Komisiyo ishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari muri Nijeriya (NIPC) - NIPC iteza imbere kandi ikorohereza ishoramari muri Nijeriya. Batanga amakuru kubyerekeye amahirwe yo gushora imari, politiki, amabwiriza, hamwe nogushigikira. Urubuga: https://www.nipc.gov.ng/ 2. Nijeriya ishinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga (NEPC) - NEPC yibanda ku guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bitari peteroli biva muri Nijeriya kugira ngo byongere amafaranga y’amahanga. Batanga amakuru yohereza hanze, amabwiriza yo kohereza hanze, ubwenge bwisoko, nibindi. Urubuga: http://nepc.gov.ng/ 3. Minisiteri y’inganda, ubucuruzi n’ishoramari - Iyi minisiteri ya leta ishyiraho politiki yo guteza imbere inganda, guteza imbere ubucuruzi, korohereza ishoramari muri Nijeriya. Urubuga: https://fmiti.gov.ng/ 4. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda rwa Lagos (LCCI) - LCCI ni rumwe mu ngereko zikomeye z’ubucuruzi muri Nijeriya ziteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi muri Leta ya Lagos. Urubuga: https://www.lagoschamber.com/ 5. Ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi, Nigeriya n’ubuhinzi (NACCIMA) - NACCIMA ihagarariye ijwi ry’ubucuruzi muri Nijeriya mu guteza imbere inyungu zabo ku nzego zibishinzwe haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: https://naccima.org/ 6. Isoko ry’imigabane rya Nijeriya (NSE) - NSE ikora nk'ivunjisha ritanga urubuga rw’ubucuruzi ku mpapuro zanditswemo kandi rutanga serivisi zitandukanye zijyanye n’isoko ry’imari. Urubuga: https://www.nse.com.ng/ 7. Ishyirahamwe ry’abakora ibicuruzwa muri Nijeriya (MAN) - MAN ni ishyirahamwe rihagarariye abakora inganda mu nzego zitandukanye muri Nijeriya baharanira politiki nziza yo kuzamura inganda n’iterambere. Urubuga: http://manufacturersnigeria.org/ 8. Banki Nkuru ya Nijeriya (CBN) - CBN ni banki nkuru ishinzwe gushyiraho politiki y’ifaranga kugirango igumane ihungabana ry’ibiciro mu gihe ishyigikira izamuka ry’ubukungu mu gihugu Urubuga: http://www.cbn.gov.ng Izi mbuga zirashobora kuguha amakuru menshi yubukungu bwa Nigeriya, amahirwe yubucuruzi, umurongo ngenderwaho wishoramari, hamwe nubushishozi bwisoko. Nibyiza gusura buri rubuga kugirango ubone ibisobanuro birambuye kandi bigezweho.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari imbuga za interineti zibaza ibibazo bijyanye na Nigeriya: 1. Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare (NBS) - NBS n’ikigo cyemewe cy’ibarurishamibare muri Nijeriya. Itanga imibare itandukanye yubukungu nubucuruzi, harimo namakuru yubucuruzi. Urashobora kugera kumurongo wamakuru usura urubuga rwabo: www.nigerianstat.gov.ng 2. Akanama gashinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa muri Nigeriya (NEPC) - NEPC ishinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bitari peteroli biva muri Nijeriya. Bafite amakuru yubucuruzi aho ushobora gusanga imibare yohereza hanze na raporo zubutasi bwisoko: www.nepc.gov.ng 3. Banki Nkuru ya Nijeriya (CBN) - CBN ni ikigo gikuru cy’amabanki mu gihugu. Basohora raporo yubukungu buri kwezi, buri gihembwe, na buri mwaka ikubiyemo amakuru ajyanye n’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga n’ivunjisha. Urashobora gusanga raporo kurubuga rwabo: www.cbn.gov.ng 4.Ikarita y'Ubucuruzi - Ikarita y'Ubucuruzi ni ububiko bwa interineti butangwa n'ikigo mpuzamahanga cy'ubucuruzi (ITC). Itanga imibare yuzuye yo gutumiza / kohereza ibicuruzwa mubihugu kwisi yose, harimo na Nigeriya. Kubigeraho hano: https://www.trademap.org/ 5.GlobalEDGE - GlobalEDGE, yatunganijwe n’ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubucuruzi cya kaminuza ya Leta ya Michigan, itanga umutungo w’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu gihugu nk’ibiciro by’imisoro, amakuru yatumijwe mu mahanga / ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, n'ibindi. Sura urubuga rwabo kugirango umenye amakuru yubucuruzi bwa Nigeriya: https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/nigeria/trademetrics

B2b

Muri Nijeriya, hari urubuga rwa B2B rworohereza ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi. Dore bimwe mubigaragara hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Tradekey Nigeriya (www.nigeria.tradekey.com): Tradekey Nigeriya itanga urubuga kubucuruzi bwo guhuza no gucuruza mumahanga. Itanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kandi yemerera abakoresha kohereza ibicuruzwa byabo cyangwa serivisi. 2. VConnect Nigeriya (www.vconnect.com): VConnect nisoko ryambere ryishakisha ryaho hamwe nisoko rya B2B muri Nigeriya. Ihuza ubucuruzi nabashobora kugura kandi itanga urubuga rworoshye rwubucuruzi. 3. Isoko rya Jumia (www.market.jumia.com.ng): Isoko rya Jumia ni isoko rya interineti muri Nijeriya aho ubucuruzi bushobora kugurisha ibicuruzwa byabo kubakiriya cyangwa mubindi bucuruzi. Irimo inganda zitandukanye, zirimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imyambarire, ibikoresho, nibindi byinshi. 4. Alibaba Naija (www.alibaba.com/countrysearch/NG/nigeria. Ihuza abatanga Nigeriya nabaguzi kwisi yose. 5. Isoko rya Konga (www.konga.com/marketplace): Isoko rya Konga nimwe murubuga runini rwa e-ubucuruzi muri Nijeriya rutuma abagurisha urutonde rwibicuruzwa byabo bigurishwa mubyiciro bitandukanye nka electronics, ibikoresho byo murugo, imyambarire, nibindi . 6.Tradebonanza (www.tradebonanzanigeria.com): Tradebonanza ni urubuga rwubucuruzi rwa B2B rufite icyicaro muri Nijeriya ruhuza abatanga isoko n’abaguzi mpuzamahanga mu nzego zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, ingufu, inganda n'ibindi 7.NaijaBizcom (www. Izi porogaramu zitanga amahirwe kubucuruzi bwa Nigeriya kwagura ibikorwa byabo mugace ndetse no kwisi yose muguhuza nabashobora kugura cyangwa ubundi bucuruzi.
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