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Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Koreya ya Ruguru, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Koreya (DPRK), ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya y'Uburasirazuba. Abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 25, Koreya ya Ruguru ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 120.540. Iki gihugu kiri mu turere twitaruye, dusangiye imbibi n'Ubushinwa mu majyaruguru no mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, Uburusiya mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, na Koreya y'Epfo hafi y'akarere ka Koreya gakomeye cyane (DMZ) mu majyepfo. Umurwa mukuru wacyo hamwe n’umujyi munini ni Pyongyang. Koreya ya Ruguru ikurikiza ingengabitekerezo ya gisosiyalisiti hamwe n'ubukungu bwategekwaga kurangwa no kugenzura leta ku nganda zikomeye. Guverinoma igenzura cyane imibereho yose mu gihugu kandi ikora ku butegetsi bw'ishyaka rimwe riyobowe n'ishyaka ry'abakozi muri Koreya. Gahunda ya politiki y'igihugu ishingiye ku bisekuru bitatu byakurikiranye n'abayobozi bo mu muryango washinze: Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, na Kim Jong-un. Umuyobozi w'ikirenga agenzura cyane ibibazo bya leta kandi afite ubutware buhebuje. N'ubwo Koreya ya Ruguru ihura n’akato kubera gahunda z’intwaro za kirimbuzi zitavugwaho rumwe ndetse n’ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu, ryateye intambwe igaragara mu bushobozi bwa gisirikare. Iki gihugu gikora ibizamini bya misile buri gihe bikunze guteza amakimbirane mu gace ka Koreya kandi bikagira uruhare mu guhungabanya umutekano ku isi. Mu bukungu, Koreya ya Ruguru ihura n’ibibazo byinshi birimo kugera ku masoko yo hanze kubera ibihano byafashwe n’ibindi bihugu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubukene bukomeje kuba bwinshi mu bice byinshi bya sosiyete mu gihe ibura ry’ibiribwa rikomeza rimwe na rimwe. Ku bijyanye n'umuco, Abanyakoreya ya Ruguru bishimira cyane imigenzo yabo ishingiye ku kubaha abayobozi babo no kuba indahemuka ku gihugu cyabo. Ibikorwa byubuvanganzo akenshi byerekana imigani yintwari yerekana ingengabitekerezo ya politiki; iminsi mikuru y'igihugu yizihiza ibintu bikomeye mumateka yabo cyangwa yubaha ibyo abayobozi bagezeho. Mu gihe ubukerarugendo bugabanijwe ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu kubera amakimbirane ya politiki, umusozi wa Paektu - ufatwa nk'uwera - ukurura abashyitsi bifuza kunyura muri ubwo bwiza nyaburanga. Byongeye kandi, ibyokurya bya koreya nka kimchi (imboga zisembuye) byamamaye kwisi yose. Muri rusange, Koreya ya Ruguru ikomeje kuba igihugu cyihariye gifite ibibazo bya politiki bigoye kandi bitesha umutwe umubano mpuzamahanga.

Koreya ya Ruguru, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Koreya (DPRK), ifite ibihe bidasanzwe kandi bigoye. Ifaranga ryemewe rya Koreya ya Ruguru ni Koreya ya Ruguru yatsindiye (KPW). Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko KPW idacuruzwa ku buntu cyangwa ngo ihindurwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Igipimo cy’ivunjisha ry’Abanyakoreya ya Ruguru batsinze kigenzurwa cyane na guverinoma, kandi agaciro kayo kakaba gahagaze neza mu gihugu. Amadolari imwe y'Abanyamerika (USD) ubusanzwe ahinduka hafi ya 100-120 KPW mu kuvunja ku mugaragaro, ariko iki gipimo gishobora gutandukana ku masoko yirabura cyangwa imiyoboro itemewe. Amafaranga y’amahanga muri rusange ntabwo yemerwa mubikorwa bya buri munsi muri Koreya ya Ruguru. Ahubwo, abashyitsi basabwa kuvunja amafaranga y’amahanga muri KPW bageze ahantu hagenwe nka hoteri cyangwa amabanki yaho. Gusa nyuma yo kubona ifaranga ryaho gusa ba mukerarugendo bashobora gukora ibikorwa byubucuruzi bisanzwe nko guhaha cyangwa kurya. Imikoreshereze y’ifaranga ry’amahanga, nk’amadolari y’Amerika cyangwa amafaranga y’Ubushinwa, imaze kwemerwa mu myaka yashize ahanini bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ubukerarugendo n’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga birimo ibihugu bituranye n’Ubushinwa n’Uburusiya. Nyamara, imikoreshereze iracyagarukira cyane cyane mubice byihariye byagenewe abanyamahanga aho gukwirakwira mu gihugu cyose. Twabibutsa ko ibihano by’ubukungu byafashwe n’ibihugu bitandukanye kubera impungenge zatewe na gahunda ya kirimbuzi ya Koreya ya Ruguru birushijeho kugora uko ifaranga ryifashe. Ibi bihano bigabanya ibikorwa by’imari n’ibigo bya Koreya ya Ruguru, bikubiyemo kubuza ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’ishoramari birimo igihugu. Muri rusange, mu gihe abaturage basanzwe bishingikiriza cyane cyane Koreya ya Ruguru yatsindiye mu bucuruzi bwabo bwa buri munsi mu mbibi z’igihugu, imyumvire mpuzamahanga ku bukungu bwayo yatumye habaho imipaka itandukanye igira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ifaranga.

Ifaranga ryemewe rya Koreya ya Ruguru ni Koreya ya Ruguru yatsindiye (KPW). Igipimo cy’ivunjisha ry’Abanyakoreya ya Ruguru yatsindiye amafaranga akomeye ku isi ntabwo gihamye kandi kirashobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n’impamvu zitandukanye nka politiki ya leta, ibihano mpuzamahanga, ndetse no kubona amadovize make. Nubwo bimeze bityo, nk'ikigereranyo gishingiye ku mateka (bitewe n'impinduka), 1 USD ihwanye na 9000 KPW. Nyamuneka, nyamuneka menya ko izo ndangagaciro zigereranijwe kandi zishobora gutandukana mubyukuri.

Koreya ya Ruguru, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Koreya (DPRK), yizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi y'umwaka. Iyi minsi mikuru ifite akamaro gakomeye mu muco na politiki ku gihugu. Imwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye muri Koreya ya Ruguru ni umunsi w'izuba, wizihizwa ku ya 15 Mata buri mwaka. Uyu munsi urizihiza isabukuru y'amavuko uwashinze Koreya ya Ruguru, Kim Il-sung. Afatwa nk'intwari y'igihugu na Perezida wabo w'iteka, Kim Il-sung yagize uruhare runini mu gushinga umuryango wa Koreya ya Ruguru. Kuri uyumunsi, ibirori bitandukanye bibera mugihugu cyose harimo parade nini, kwerekana imiriro, imurikagurisha ryerekana ibyo yagezeho. Undi munsi mukuru w'ingenzi ni umunsi mpuzamahanga w'abakozi ku ya 1 Gicurasi. Yizihijwe ku isi hose kugira ngo yubahirize uburenganzira n’umusanzu ku bakozi ku isi hose, Koreya ya Ruguru itegura imyigaragambyo minini y’abakozi aho abaturage bagenda hamwe n’ibendera ryamamaza indangagaciro z’abasosiyalisiti no kubahiriza umurage wabo w’abakozi. Umunsi wo gushinga cyangwa kwibohora ku ya 15 Kanama ni umunsi w'ingenzi mu mateka ya Koreya - kwigenga ku butegetsi bw'abakoloni b'Abayapani mu 1945 nyuma y'intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose irangiye. Uyu munsi wizihizwa n'imihango yo gukunda igihugu igizwe n'imihango yo kuzamura ibendera, ibitaramo ndangamuco byerekana imiziki gakondo n'imbyino. Imihango y’Umusingi iba buri mwaka ku ya 9 Nzeri yibuka ishyirwaho rya Koreya ya Ruguru nkigihugu cyigenga cyitwa Joseon ku buyobozi bwa Kim Il-sung nyuma y’ubutegetsi bw’abakoloni bw’Abayapani burangiye mu 1948. Kuri uyu munsi, hateguwe ibiterane by’imihango birimo disikuru z’abayobozi ba politiki bashima ibyo bagezeho mu gihe bashimangira. ishema ry'igihugu n'ubumwe. Byongeye kandi, hari iminsi mikuru y'idini nk'umwaka mushya w'ukwezi (Seollal) ukurikira ikirangaminsi cy'ukwezi kiba hagati ya Mutarama na Gashyantare buri mwaka bizihiza ubumwe bw'umuryango mu birori hamwe n'imikino gakondo ikinirwa mu bavandimwe hirya no hino mu ngo mu gihugu hose. Iyi minsi mikuru izwi yerekana uburyo iminsi mikuru idafite uruhare runini mu muco gusa ahubwo no muri politiki muguhindura indangamuntu no gushimangira ubumwe muri societe ya koreya ya ruguru mugihe hagaragajwe ibyo bagezeho mumateka nibishingiro byibitekerezo.

Koreya ya Ruguru, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Koreya (DPRK), ni igihugu cyitaruye cyane cyahuye n’ibibazo byinshi by’ubukungu ndetse n’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bwashyizweho n’umuryango mpuzamahanga. Kubera izo mpamvu, ubucuruzi bwa Koreya ya ruguru ni buke. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku bucuruzi bwa Koreya ya Ruguru ni ukwishingikiriza cyane ku Bushinwa. Ubushinwa bukora nka Koreya ya Ruguru n’umufatanyabikorwa ukomeye mu bucuruzi, bingana na 90% by’ubucuruzi bwose. Ibyinshi muri ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ni ibikoresho fatizo nk'amabuye y'agaciro, amakara, n'imyenda. Bisubiye, Ubushinwa butanga Koreya ya ruguru ibicuruzwa byingenzi birimo lisansi n'ibiribwa. Usibye Ubushinwa, Koreya ya Ruguru ikomeza umubano muto mu bucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu bike. Uburusiya bufite igice gito cy’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga kandi ahanini bitanga ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu nka peteroli na gaze mu gihugu. Mu myaka yashize, hashyizweho ingufu n’Uburusiya na Koreya ya Ruguru kugira ngo bishimangire umubano w’ubukungu binyuze mu mishinga ihuriweho n’ibikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu. Ibyoherezwa muri Koreya ya Ruguru kandi birimo sisitemu y’intwaro nka misile nubwo ibyo bihanishwa ibihano mpuzamahanga kubera gahunda y’intwaro za kirimbuzi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibi bigabanya cyane ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhanahana amakuru ku isi byemewe. Akanama k'umuryango w’abibumbye gashinzwe umutekano kashyizeho ibihano byinshi kuri Koreya ya Ruguru kubera intego zabo za kirimbuzi mu rwego rwo gukumira iterambere ry’intwaro zabo. Ibi bihano byibanda cyane cyane ku nganda nko gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, gukora ibikoresho bya gisirikare, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibindi. Muri rusange, kubera uburyo bworoshye bwo kugera hamwe n’ibibazo bikomeye by’ubukungu mu gihugu ubwacyo - harimo iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo bike - Ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bwa Koreya ya Ruguru buracyari buke ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu byo ku isi.

Ubukungu bwa Koreya ya Ruguru buzwiho kwigunga no kwishora mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Icyakora, hari amahirwe ashobora kuba igihugu cyinjira mumasoko mpuzamahanga no guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwububanyi n’amahanga. Ubwa mbere, Koreya ya ruguru ifite umutungo kamere ushobora koherezwa hanze kugirango winjize. Igihugu gifite ububiko bw’amabuye y'agaciro nk'amakara, ubutare bw'icyuma, zinc, na tungsten. Ibikoresho birashobora gukurura abaguzi babanyamahanga bashaka isoko yizewe yibikoresho fatizo. Icya kabiri, Koreya ya ruguru ifite abakozi bahendutse ugereranije n’ibihugu bituranye nka Koreya yepfo n’Ubushinwa. Iyi nyungu ihendutse irashobora gukurura abashoramari babanyamahanga bashaka ibicuruzwa bikora neza cyangwa ibicuruzwa biva hanze. Byongeye kandi, aho akarere ka Koreya ya ruguru gafite ingamba zifatika zitanga amahirwe yo kugera ku masoko yo mu karere nk'Ubushinwa, Uburusiya, Ubuyapani, na Koreya y'Epfo. Mu gukoresha hafi y’aba bakinnyi bakomeye mu bukungu mu karere ka Aziya-Pasifika, Koreya ya Ruguru irashobora kungukirwa n’umubano w’ubucuruzi wazamura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Mu myaka yashize, inganda zimwe na zimwe zoroheje zatangiye kugaragara mu turere twihariye tw’ubukungu twashyizweho na guverinoma. Izi zone zitanga politiki yibanze hamwe nogushigikira bigamije gukurura ishoramari ryamahanga. Mugihe iyi gahunda ikomeje kwaguka hamwe n’ubucuruzi bwiza bwashyizweho na guverinoma ya Koreya ya Ruguru; irashobora gukurura ibigo mpuzamahanga bishakisha ibicuruzwa bishya cyangwa bifuza kwinjira mumasoko adakoreshwa muri Aziya y'Amajyaruguru y'Uburasirazuba. Icyakora, ni ngombwa ko ubuyobozi bwa Koreya ya Ruguru bukemura ibibazo bidashidikanywaho bya politiki bikikije igihugu, nk'impungenge zo gukwirakwiza ingufu za kirimbuzi, ibihano mpuzamahanga, ndetse n'amakimbirane hagati y'ibihugu duturanye. ku masoko y'isi. Mu gusoza, Koreya ya Ruguru ifite amahirwe yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga.Hariho amahirwe ariho mu nzego nko mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, inganda zikora cyane, ndetse no gukoresha ahantu hashobora kuba hafatwa ingamba. ibice bizagira uruhare runini mu gufungura ubwo bushobozi no guteza imbere uruhare runini n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga mu bucuruzi.

Mu myaka yashize, Koreya ya Ruguru yashyize ingufu mu guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’amahanga no kwagura isoko ryayo. Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bishyushye bigurishwa ku isoko ryohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, ibintu byinshi bigomba kwitabwaho. Icya mbere, ni ngombwa kumenya ibicuruzwa bifite isoko rikomeye ku isoko ryisi. Gukora ubushakashatsi ku isoko no gusesengura imigendekere irashobora gufasha kumenya ibicuruzwa bikunzwe muri iki gihe kandi bifite amahirwe menshi yo kugurisha. Kurugero, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nka terefone zigendanwa cyangwa ibikoresho byo murugo nka firigo bishobora kuba amahitamo meza kuko aribintu abantu kwisi bakoresha buri munsi. Icya kabiri, gusuzuma inyungu zo guhatanira ibicuruzwa bya koreya ya ruguru ni ngombwa. Gahunda yo gutoranya igomba kwibanda kubicuruzwa bitanga ibintu byihariye cyangwa imico ugereranije nibicuruzwa bisa nibindi bihugu. Ibi birashobora kubamo kwerekana ubukorikori gakondo cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho biva mu karere. Mu kwerekana ibyo biranga, ibyoherezwa muri Koreya ya ruguru birashobora kugaragara ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, urebye ubukungu bushoboka bwo gukora no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze ni ngombwa. Gusesengura ubushobozi bwumusaruro, ibiciro, nubutunzi bizafasha kumenya niba ibicuruzwa runaka bifite akamaro ko kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze murwego runini. Ibi birimo gusuzuma ibintu nkibiciro byakazi, ibikorwa remezo bihari, nubushobozi bwikoranabuhanga. Byongeye kandi, gusobanukirwa amasoko ashobora kugerwaho ni ngombwa muguhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa mubucuruzi bwamahanga. Uturere dutandukanye turashobora kugira ibyifuzo bitandukanye cyangwa ibisabwa kubicuruzwa byihariye. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa gusobanukirwa ibyo abaguzi bakeneye kandi bagahuza noguhuza ibicuruzwa nibiba ngombwa. Hanyuma, gushiraho ubufatanye bukomeye nabatanga ibicuruzwa byizewe cyangwa abakozi bafite ubuhanga mubucuruzi mpuzamahanga birashobora koroshya guhitamo neza ibintu bizwi kumasoko yohereza hanze. Mu gusoza Koreya ya Ruguru guhitamo ibintu bigurishwa bishyushye mu bucuruzi bw’amahanga bigomba kuba bikubiyemo gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku isoko ， gusuzuma inyungu zipiganwa ， gusuzuma niba ubukungu bushoboka ， gusobanukirwa n’amasoko agamije ， no gufatanya n’abashoramari babishoboye.

Koreya ya Ruguru, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Koreya (DPRK), ni igihugu gifite imiterere yihariye y'abakiriya ndetse na kirazira z'umuco. Gusobanukirwa nibi bintu nibyingenzi kubantu bose bifuza kwishora mubakiriya ba koreya ya ruguru. Ibiranga abakiriya muri Koreya ya Ruguru byatewe cyane na sisitemu y’abasosiyalisiti n’ubukungu bugenzurwa na leta. Guverinoma ifite uruhare runini mu kugena amahitamo y'abaguzi n'ibyo bakunda. Bisobanura ko mubusanzwe abakiriya bafite amahitamo make kuri bo mugihe cyibicuruzwa na serivisi. Ibicuruzwa byinshi bikoreshwa muri Koreya ya ruguru bikorerwa mu gihugu cyangwa bitumizwa mu mahanga binyuze mu nzira za Leta. Kubera imiterere y’akato mu gihugu, ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga buhura n’ibibazo byo kwibasira iri soko mu buryo butaziguye. Ahubwo, akenshi bakeneye kugendana ninzego za leta cyangwa gufatanya namasosiyete yaho yashyizeho umubano nubuyobozi. Iyo ukorana nabakiriya ba koreya ya ruguru cyangwa abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi, ni ngombwa kumenya kirazira ndangamuco: 1. Kunegura cyangwa gusuzugura ubuyobozi: Muri Koreya ya Ruguru, kwerekana uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose bwo gusuzugura abayobozi bayo, cyane cyane Kim Jong-un n'abamubanjirije, birabujijwe rwose. Ibi birimo gutanga ibitekerezo bisebanya cyangwa urwenya kuri bo. 2. Kwishora mu biganiro bya politiki: Kuganira ku ngingo zishingiye kuri politiki zijyanye na politiki y’ubutegetsi bigomba kwirindwa kuko kutumvikana bishobora gutera amakimbirane ashobora no guhungabanya umutekano bwite. 3. Amafoto: Gufata amashusho utabiherewe uruhushya nabayobozi birashobora kuvamo ingaruka zikomeye kubera ko guhagarika amafoto byiganje mu gihugu hose. 4. Iyobokamana n'ibimenyetso by'amadini: Guhindura idini iryo ari ryo ryose ritari ingengabitekerezo ya Juche (ingengabitekerezo ya leta) rishobora kubonwa ko ari ugushaka gutesha agaciro indangamuntu kandi birashoboka ko bazahura n’abarwanya. 5. Kwambara imyenda idakwiye: Kwambara neza ni byiza iyo usuye Koreya ya ruguru.

Koreya ya Ruguru, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Koreya (DPRK), ifite gahunda ihamye ya gasutamo no kugenzura imipaka. Abashyitsi binjira cyangwa bava mu gihugu bagomba kubahiriza aya mabwiriza. Dore ingingo z'ingenzi zerekeye abinjira n'abasohoka muri Koreya ya Ruguru: 1. Ibisabwa byinjira: Abashyitsi bose muri Koreya ya ruguru bagomba kuba bafite pasiporo yemewe hasigaye nibura amezi atandatu yemewe. Byongeye kandi, viza yatanzwe n'abayobozi muri Pyongyang irasabwa. Nibyiza gusaba binyuze mubigo byemewe byingendo cyangwa ushinzwe ingendo. 2. Uturere tubujijwe: Uturere tumwe na tumwe two muri Koreya ya Ruguru turashobora kuba imipaka ku banyamahanga batabiherewe uruhushya rwihariye, nk'ibikoresho bya gisirikare, inyubako za leta zumva, ndetse n'uturere twegereye akarere ka gisirikare (DMZ). 3. Amatangazo ya gasutamo: Iyo ugeze muri Koreya ya ruguru, ni itegeko gutangaza ibikoresho byose bya elegitoronike birimo terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, kamera, hamwe na disiki zikomeye zo hanze ku bayobozi ba gasutamo ku kibuga cy’indege. Kutabikora birashobora kuviramo kwamburwa cyangwa ingaruka zishobora kuba zemewe n'amategeko. 4. Ibintu bigenzurwa: Gutumiza ibintu bimwe nkibiyobyabwenge (harimo imiti irimo pseudoephedrine), ibikoresho byerekana porunogarafiya, inyandiko z’amadini / ibintu bitemewe n’ubuyobozi bwa leta, intwaro / imbunda (usibye ibikoresho bya siporo), hamwe n’ibitabo byita kuri politiki birabujijwe rwose. 5. Amabwiriza y’ifaranga: Ifaranga ry’amahanga rirenga $ 10,000 USD cyangwa amafaranga ahwanye nayo agomba gutangazwa amaze kwinjira muri Koreya ya Ruguru. 6. Kubuza gufotora: Gufata amafoto utabiherewe uruhushya nabayobozi birashobora gukurura ibibazo nabayobozi baho; nibyiza kwishakira ubuyobozi kumuyobora mbere yo gufata amashusho. 7.Ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga: Kubona interineti kuri ba mukerarugendo bigarukira muri Koreya ya Ruguru hamwe n'imbuga nyinshi zahagaritswe; hari ibibujijwe gukoresha ibikoresho bifasha GPS nayo. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kurenga ku mategeko ayo ari yo yose yashyizweho na gasutamo ya Koreya ya Ruguru bishobora kuvamo ingaruka zikomeye zirimo gufungwa cyangwa kwirukanwa mu gihugu. Buri gihe ujye ubaza ibigo bya leta bireba cyangwa abashinzwe ingendo babimenyereye mbere yo gusura amakuru agezweho kubyerekeye amabwiriza yo gutumiza no kohereza hanze.

Koreya ya Ruguru, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Koreya, ifite politiki y’imisoro idasanzwe itumizwa mu mahanga igamije kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu no guteza imbere kwigira. Igihugu gishyiraho imisoro itandukanye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo bigenzure urujya n'uruza rwabyo. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Koreya ya Ruguru ni ugushiraho amahoro ya gasutamo. Abatumiza mu mahanga basabwa kwishyura ijanisha runaka ry'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga nk'amahoro ya gasutamo iyo binjiye mu gihugu. Ibi biciro biratandukanye bitewe nubwoko bwibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kandi birashobora kuva ku kigero cyo hasi kugeza hejuru. Byongeye kandi, Koreya ya Ruguru nayo ikoresha umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga ku biciro bitandukanye. Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro usoreshwa ku giciro, ubwishingizi, no gutwara ibicuruzwa (CIF) ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ndetse n'amahoro ayo ari yo yose akoreshwa. Igipimo cy'umusoro ku nyongeragaciro muri Koreya ya ruguru kirashobora gutandukana kuva 13% kugeza 30% ukurikije icyiciro cyibicuruzwa. Koreya ya Ruguru irashobora kandi gushyira mu bikorwa imisoro y’inyongera nk’imisoro ku musoro cyangwa imisoro idasanzwe y’ibicuruzwa ku bintu byihariye nk'ibicuruzwa bihenze cyangwa ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bifatwa nk'ibyangiza cyangwa bidakenewe na guverinoma. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kubera inzitizi zikomeye z’ubucuruzi no kubona amakuru make kuri politiki ya Koreya ya Ruguru, amakuru arambuye yerekeye ijanisha ryihariye cyangwa ibikoresho bitangirwa imisoro ntibishobora kuboneka ku masoko rusange. Byongeye kandi, twakagombye kuvuga ko ibihano mpuzamahanga byafatiwe Koreya ya Ruguru n’ibihugu nk’imyanzuro y’akanama k’umuryango w’abibumbye gashinzwe umutekano bibuza ibicuruzwa byinshi byinjira mu gihugu, cyane cyane bijyanye n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare ndetse n’umutungo w’ibikorwa. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Koreya ya Ruguru yateguwe hagamijwe gushimangira inganda zaho mu gihe zica intege zishingiye ku bicuruzwa byo mu mahanga binyuze mu guhuza imisoro ya gasutamo no gushyira mu bikorwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro hamwe n’imisoro yiyongera rimwe na rimwe itoranywa.

Koreya ya Ruguru izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Koreya, ifite politiki y’imisoro idasanzwe yoherezwa mu mahanga. Igihugu gishingiye cyane ku byoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo byinjize kandi bikomeze ubukungu bwacyo. Ariko, kubera amakuru make aboneka kubyerekeye politiki n’amabwiriza agenga imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ya Koreya ya Ruguru, biragoye gutanga isesengura ryimbitse. Muri rusange, imisoro yohereza ibicuruzwa muri Koreya ya ruguru igamije kuzamura inganda zo mu gihugu mu gihe zica intege ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Guverinoma igamije kubungabunga no guteza imbere inganda z’ingenzi zifite akamaro mu kwihaza no kubungabunga umutekano w’igihugu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibicuruzwa nk'amakara, amabuye y'agaciro, imyenda, ibikomoka ku nyanja, n'ibicuruzwa by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho bigira uruhare runini mu byoherezwa mu mahanga. Nk’uko amakuru aturuka ahantu hatandukanye harimo akanama k’umuryango w’abibumbye k’impuguke ku matsinda akurikirana ibihano bya Koreya ya Ruguru hamwe n’abayobozi ba Koreya yepfo; nta bisobanuro byihariye bihari bijyanye n'imibare y'ifaranga cyangwa igipimo cy'umusoro ushingiye ku bicuruzwa. Icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko Koreya ya Ruguru yafatiwe ibihano mpuzamahanga kubera gahunda y’intwaro za kirimbuzi zitavugwaho rumwe. Ibi bihano byagabanije cyane ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu mu rwego rwo gukumira ko ubushobozi bwa kirimbuzi bwakomeza gutera imbere. Byongeye kandi, ukurikije imiterere y'ibanga ya politiki ya guverinoma ya Koreya ya Ruguru hamwe n'inzira zitumanaho n’imiryango mpuzamahanga cyangwa ubukungu bw'isi; kubona amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye politiki yimisoro yoherejwe hanze birashobora kugorana. Amakuru atuzuye abuza kumva neza iki kibazo. Mu gusoza; mu gihe Koreya ya Ruguru idashidikanya ko ishyiraho imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga nk'amabuye y'agaciro y'amakara imyenda yo mu nyanja n'ibicuruzwa by'ikoranabuhanga; Ibisobanuro bijyanye nigipimo cy’imisoro cyangwa imibare y’ifaranga bikomeje kuba bike kubera ibintu nk’ibihano mpuzamahanga & gukorera mu mucyo mu gihugu ubwacyo

Koreya ya Ruguru, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Koreya (DPRK), ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya y'Uburasirazuba. Nigihugu cyibanga cyane kandi cyitaruye, gifite amakuru make aboneka kubijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Urebye imiterere y'ibanga ya Koreya ya ruguru, amakuru yukuri ajyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze ntabwo ashobora kuboneka byoroshye. Icyakora, dushobora gutekereza ko kimwe n’ibindi bihugu, Koreya ya Ruguru yaba ifite amabwiriza n’uburyo bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byuzuzwe kandi byubahirizwe. Ibisabwa bisanzwe bisabwa kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze harimo ibyemezo byinkomoko kugirango bitange ibimenyetso byerekana aho ibicuruzwa byakorewe cyangwa byakorewe. Byongeye kandi, ibyemezo byubuzima birashobora gukenerwa kubiribwa cyangwa ibicuruzwa byubuhinzi kugirango umutekano wabyo ukoreshwe. Ukurikije inganda zihariye zigira uruhare mu kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Koreya ya Ruguru, hashobora kubaho izindi mpamyabumenyi zisabwa. Kurugero, niba bohereza imashini cyangwa ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, barashobora gukenera ibyemezo byerekana ibicuruzwa byabo byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga. Abatumiza mu mahanga bo muri Koreya ya Ruguru na bo bakeneye kubahiriza amabwiriza mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi yashyizweho n’imiryango itandukanye nk’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi ku isi (WTO) cyangwa amashyirahamwe y’ubucuruzi yihariye yo mu karere nka ASEAN cyangwa APEC. Icyakora, kubera amakimbirane ya politiki n’ibihano by’ubukungu byafatiwe Koreya ya Ruguru n’ibihugu byinshi ku isi kubera impungenge zatewe na gahunda yayo ya kirimbuzi no guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu; ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga na Koreya ya Ruguru bwabujijwe cyane. Nkigisubizo, kubona amakuru arambuye kubyerekeranye no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze birashobora kugarukira. Mu gusoza, mugihe dushobora gutekereza ko Koreya ya ruguru ifite uburyo bumwe bwo kohereza ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga bisa nibindi bihugu; kubera amakuru make aboneka hanze hamwe no kubuza politiki ibikorwa byubucuruzi birimo Koreya ya Ruguru; biragoye gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye bijyanye nuburyo bwihariye bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.

Koreya ya Ruguru, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Koreya (DPRK), ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya y'Uburasirazuba. Kubera ubukungu bwifunze kandi bugenzurwa cyane, ibikoresho muri Koreya ya ruguru birashobora kuba ingorabahizi. Ariko, hano haribintu bimwe byasabwe ibikoresho byigihugu: 1. Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere: Ibisubizo by'imizigo yo mu kirere biraboneka binyuze muri Air Koryo Cargo, itwara igihugu cya Koreya ya Ruguru. Batanga serivisi zo gutwara abantu haba mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga. 2. Ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi: Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi muri Koreya ya ruguru wateye imbere cyane kandi ni uburyo bwingenzi bwo gutwara abantu mu gihugu. Biro ya Gari ya moshi ya Pyongyang icunga ibikorwa bya gari ya moshi, itanga imiyoboro mu mijyi minini nka Pyongyang na Hamhung. 3. Ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja: Icyambu cya Nampo nicyo cyambu gikuru cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Koreya ya Ruguru cyangwa hanze yacyo. Itanga serivisi mpuzamahanga zo kohereza ibicuruzwa kandi ikora ibicuruzwa byinshi nkamakara namabuye y'agaciro. 4. Ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda: Ibikorwa remezo byo muri Koreya ya ruguru biratandukanye mu turere dutandukanye ariko bikomeje gutera imbere mugihe. Amasosiyete atwara amakamyo yaho atanga serivisi zamakamyo kubitangwa mu gihugu imbere. 5. Ibikoresho byububiko: Mu mijyi minini nka Pyongyang, hari ububiko butandukanye bwa leta buboneka kububiko. Ibi bikoresho bikunze gukemura ibicuruzwa. 6.Amabwiriza yo gutwara abantu n'ibintu: Ni ngombwa kubahiriza amabwiriza ya gasutamo ya Koreya ya Ruguru mu gihe kwinjiza cyangwa kohereza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu / biva mu gihugu kubera ko leta igenzura cyane ibikorwa by'ubucuruzi. 7.Ibikoresho bitanga serivisi: Nkuko ibikorwa bya logistique bishobora kuba ingorabahizi kubera amabwiriza ya leta no kubona amakuru make kubatanga amasoko yaho, gufatanya nuwashinzwe gutanga ibikoresho bizwi cyane bizwi no gukora ubucuruzi muri Koreya ya Ruguru birasabwa cyane. Icyitonderwa: Ni ngombwa gukomeza kuvugururwa n’ibihe bya geopolitiki mu gihe urebye ibikorwa byose bijyanye n’ubucuruzi birimo cyangwa bifitanye isano na Koreya ya Ruguru kubera ko ibihano bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibanire y’ubucuruzi. Mu gusoza, nubwo ibibazo biterwa na sisitemu yubukungu ifunze, inzira zitandukanye zirahari (imizigo yo mu kirere, ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi, ubwikorezi bwo ku cyambu, ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda) yo gutwara ibicuruzwa muri Koreya ya Ruguru no hanze yacyo. Ni ngombwa gukomeza kumenyeshwa amabwiriza ya gasutamo no gutekereza ku bufatanye n’umushinga utanga serivisi zizewe kugira ngo ukore neza ibikoresho mu gihugu.

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Koreya ya Ruguru, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Koreya (DPRK), ni igihugu gifite ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’ubukungu buke bitewe n’ubukungu bwitaruye kandi bugengwa cyane. Ariko, hariho abaguzi mpuzamahanga bakomeye, imiyoboro yiterambere, n’imurikagurisha bigira uruhare mubucuruzi bwa Koreya ya Ruguru. 1. Ubushinwa: Ubushinwa ni umwe mu bafatanyabikorwa bakomeye muri Koreya ya Ruguru. Ikora nk'umuyoboro w'ingenzi ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Amasosiyete y'Abashinwa yishora mu nganda zitandukanye muri Koreya ya Ruguru, harimo ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, inganda, ubuhinzi, ndetse no guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo. 2. Uburusiya: Uburusiya kandi bufitanye umubano w’ubukungu na Koreya ya Ruguru, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’ingufu nk’ibikomoka kuri peteroli cyangwa gaze gasanzwe. Byongeye kandi, amasosiyete yo mu Burusiya yagize uruhare mu bikorwa remezo bimwe na bimwe biri mu gihugu. 3. Koreya y'Epfo: N’ubwo amakimbirane ya politiki hagati y’ibihugu byombi, amasosiyete yo muri Koreya yepfo yagiye akora ubucuruzi na Koreya ya Ruguru. Bimwe mubikorwa bizwi bihuriweho ninganda n’inganda zashinzwe ku bufatanye n’amasosiyete yo muri Koreya yepfo hamwe na bagenzi babo baturutse muri Koreya ya Ruguru. 4. Gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere (UNDP): UNDP yagize uruhare mu mishinga myinshi y’iterambere muri Koreya ya Ruguru igamije guteza imbere urwego nk’ubuhinzi, ibigo nderabuzima, gahunda y’uburezi cyangwa uburyo bwo guhangana n’ibiza. 5. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga: Bitewe n’imbogamizi ku mikoranire y’ubucuruzi ugereranije n’ibindi bihugu byo ku isi kubera ibihano byafashwe n’ibihugu bitandukanye kubera impungenge z’ikwirakwizwa rya kirimbuzi cyangwa ibibazo by’uburenganzira bwa muntu; amahirwe yo kwerekana imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ni make muri Koreya ya Ruguru ubwayo. Icyakora habaye ibihe bimwe na bimwe nka Pyongyang Spring International Fair Fair yemerera ubucuruzi bwamahanga kwerekana ibicuruzwa byabo. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kubera ibihano by’ibanze byafatiwe Koreya ya Ruguru n’ibihugu byinshi birimo Amerika ndetse n’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bibuza amasosiyete menshi yo mu Burengerazuba kwishora mu bucuruzi butaziguye. Iyi nzira rero yo gutanga amasoko itaziguye ntishobora kuba bishoboka kubantu bose baguzi mpuzamahanga bifuza gukora ubucuruzi niki gihugu. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, biracyashimishije niba bitagoye kubucuruzi bwo muri Aziya cyangwa mukarere gushakisha amahirwe hamwe na koreya ya ruguru. Nyamuneka menya ko amakuru yatanzwe ari rusange muri rusange kandi amakuru arambuye arashobora gutandukana mugihe uko geopolitike igenda ihinduka.

Imashini zishakisha

Koreya ya Ruguru, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Koreya (DPRK), ikora kuri sisitemu ya interineti ibujijwe kandi igenzurwa. Nkigisubizo, kugera kuri moteri zishakisha zizwi kwisi nka Google cyangwa Bing ni bike cyangwa ntibishoboka rwose mugihugu. Nyamara, Koreya ya ruguru yateje imbere intranet yayo yemerera abaturage kubona imbuga za interineti n’ibikoresho. Moteri yambere ishakisha ikoreshwa muri Koreya ya ruguru yitwa "Naenara," bisobanura "igihugu cyanjye" mu kinyakoreya. Naenara ni urubuga rwabasangwabutaka rutangwa na leta kugirango interineti igabanuke mu gihugu. Ikora nka moteri ishakisha hamwe namakuru yamakuru mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo amakuru, uburezi, ubukerarugendo, umuco, n'inganda. Urubuga rwemewe rwa Naenara ni http://www.naenara.com.kp/. Indi moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa mu karere iboneka muri Koreya ya Ruguru ni "Kwangmyong," bisobanura "umucyo." Kwangmyong itanga serivisi za intranet mugihugu cyose zigerwaho binyuze kuri mudasobwa ya desktop kumasomero cyangwa ibigo byuburezi mugihugu. Byongeye kandi, Abanyakoreya ya Ruguru barashobora gukoresha imbuga za interineti zigenzurwa na Leta nka KCTV (Televiziyo Nkuru ya Koreya) na KCNA (Ikigo gishinzwe amakuru muri Koreya nkuru) kugira ngo bakusanye amakuru ajyanye n'amakuru n'ibikorwa biriho mu gihugu. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko izo moteri zishakisha zitanga cyane cyane ibikubiye muri guverinoma ya Koreya ya Ruguru; kubwibyo, ntibashobora gutanga amakuru manini mpuzamahanga cyangwa ibitekerezo bitandukanye ugereranije na moteri yubushakashatsi bwisi yose ikoreshwa ahandi. Muri rusange, mu gihe Abanyakoreya ya Ruguru bafite amahitamo make mu bijyanye no kubona amakuru kuri interineti bitewe n’ibisabwa na guverinoma ndetse na politiki yo kugenzura, bashingira cyane cyane ku mbuga za interineti nka Naenara na Kwangmyong kugira ngo babone ibyo bakeneye.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Koreya ya Ruguru, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Koreya (DPRK), ni igihugu cyihishe kandi cyitaruye. Kubera imiterere ifunze, kubona amakuru yerekeye Koreya ya Ruguru hamwe nubutunzi bwayo ni bike. Ariko, ndashobora kuguha amakuru rusange yerekeye ububiko bukomeye nurubuga rwa Koreya ya Ruguru: 1. Ikigo gishinzwe amakuru muri Koreya nkuru (KCNA) - Ikigo cy’amakuru gishinzwe amakuru muri Koreya ya Ruguru gitanga amakuru kuri politiki, ubukungu, umuco, sosiyete, n’umubano mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: http://www.kcna.kp/ 2. Rodong Sinmun - Ikinyamakuru cy’ishyaka ry’abakozi kiri ku butegetsi gikubiyemo amakuru ahanini ahereye kuri politiki. Urubuga: http://rodong.rep.kp/en/ 3. Naenara - Urubuga rwa leta rwemewe rukubiyemo amakuru atandukanye yubukerarugendo, umuco, amahirwe yubucuruzi, n'ishoramari muri Koreya ya Ruguru. Urubuga: https://korea-dpr.com/ 4. Banki yubucuruzi ya Ryugyong - Uru rubuga rwa banki rwerekana serivisi za banki ziboneka mu gihugu. Urubuga: https://ryugyongbank.com/ 5. Air Koryo - Indege yigihugu ya Koreya ya ruguru itanga ingengabihe yindege hamwe n’ibikoresho byo gutumiza mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga. Urubuga: http://www.airkoryo.com.kp/en/ 6. Mansudae Art Studio - Imwe muri sitidiyo nini yubuhanzi muri Koreya ya Ruguru kabuhariwe mu gukora amashusho, amashusho, urwibutso rugaragaza amateka n'umuco wa DPRK. Urubuga: Kugeza ubu ntabwo rushobora kuboneka hanze yigihugu. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko izi mbuga zishobora guhinduka cyangwa ntizishobora kuboneka hanze ya Koreya ya Ruguru kubera ko interineti ibujijwe mu gihugu. Nyamuneka uzirikane ko kubera amakuru make yaboneka kumugaragaro kubyerekeye serivisi za Koreya ya Ruguru hamwe n’ubucuruzi, urutonde rwavuzwe haruguru ntirushobora kuba rwuzuye cyangwa rugezweho kurenza ibyashyizwe ahagaragara namakuru yabo yemewe

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Hano muri Koreya ya Ruguru hari imiyoboro minini ya e-ubucuruzi. Ariko, kubera interineti igarukira hamwe nibikorwa bibujijwe kumurongo, uburyo butandukanye no kuboneka kwi mbuga ni bike ugereranije nibindi bihugu. Hano hari imbuga za interineti zizwi cyane muri e-ubucuruzi muri Koreya ya ruguru hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Manmulsang (만물상): Urubuga: http://www.manmulsang.com/ Manmulsang ni rumwe mu mbuga nini za e-ubucuruzi muri Koreya ya Ruguru zitanga ibicuruzwa byinshi nk'imyenda, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, n'ibiribwa. 2. Naenara (내 나라): Urubuga: http://naenara.com.kp/ Naenara ni urubuga rwemewe na leta rukora nk'urubuga rwa interineti kuri serivisi zitandukanye zirimo no guhaha. Itanga uburyo bwo kubona amaduka menshi akoreshwa na leta agurisha ibitabo, ibicapo, ibintu gakondo byerekana imideli ya koreya nka Hanbok, kashe, nibindi byinshi. 3. Arirang Mart (아리랑 마트): Urubuga: https://arirang-store.com/ Arirang Mart ni urubuga rwa interineti aho ushobora kugura ibicuruzwa gakondo bya koreya mu turere dutandukanye two muri Koreya ya Ruguru nkibicuruzwa byubuhinzi (harimo na ginseng), ibiryo byihariye, ubukorikori bwakozwe nabanyabukorikori baho. Nyamuneka menya ko kubera ibihano byafatiwe Koreya ya ruguru n’umuryango mpuzamahanga hamwe n’ibibuza gushyirwa mu bikorwa by’ubukungu, kwinjira kuri izo mbuga ntibishobora kuboneka hanze y’igihugu cyangwa bisaba uruhushya rwihariye mu gihugu ubwacyo. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa kumenya ko amakuru ajyanye n’ubucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi muri Koreya ya Ruguru ari make kandi ashobora guhinduka bitewe n’imiterere y’ubukungu bwifunze kandi bikabuza kwinjira kuri interineti.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Koreya ya Ruguru, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Koreya (DPRK), ni igihugu gifunze kandi kikaba kitagerwaho na interineti kandi kikaba kigenzura cyane leta ku bitangazamakuru n'itumanaho. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hari imbuga nkoranyambaga nke ku baturage ba Koreya ya Ruguru. Dore zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa muri Koreya ya Ruguru: 1. Intranet: Kwangmyong - Uyu ni umuyoboro w'imbere ushobora kugera muri Koreya ya ruguru utanga amakuru make ku makuru, uburezi, ndetse no kuvugurura leta. Ntishobora kuboneka hanze yigihugu. Urubuga: N / A (Birashoboka gusa muri Koreya ya Ruguru) 2. Serivisi ya imeri: Naenara - Serivisi ya imeri ya leta itangwa na leta kubikorwa byitumanaho byemewe. Urubuga: http://www.naenara.com.kp/ 3. Urubuga rw'amakuru: Uriminzokkiri - Urubuga ruyobowe n'abayobozi ba Koreya ya Ruguru rusangira amakuru, videwo, n'ibikoresho byo kwamamaza biteza imbere ingengabitekerezo yabo. Urubuga: http://www.uriminzokkiri.com/index.php 4. Urubuga rwo gusangira amashusho - Umuyoboro wa YouTube wa Arirang-Meari TV urimo videwo zatoranijwe kuri tereviziyo zabo zikubiyemo ingingo zitandukanye zirimo umuco, imyidagaduro, ubukerarugendo n'ibindi. Urubuga: https://www.youtube.com/user/arirangmeari Ni ngombwa kumenya ko izi mbuga zigenzurwa cyane n’ubuyobozi bwa leta kandi zikaba ahanini ari ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza poropagande aho koroshya imikoranire ifunguye nk’imbuga nkoranyambaga zo mu Burengerazuba nka Facebook cyangwa Twitter. Kubera kubuza ubwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo no kugabanya imbuga za interineti muri Koreya ya Ruguru, yashyizeho ibidukikije bigenzurwa cyane kuri interineti aho imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane ku isi nka Facebook cyangwa Twitter zidashobora kuboneka cyangwa kugera ku baturage bayo. Nyamuneka uzirikane ko aya makuru ashobora guhinduka kubera ibintu bitandukanye bigira uruhare mukugera kumurongo wa interineti muri kano karere; birasabwa rero kugisha inama ibikoresho bigezweho niba ukeneye amakuru arambuye kubyerekeranye nuburyo bugezweho no kuboneka kwimbuga nkoranyambaga muri Koreya ya Ruguru.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Koreya ya Ruguru, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Koreya (DPRK), ifite amashyirahamwe menshi y'inganda ahagarariye inzego zitandukanye z'ubukungu bwayo. Aya mashyirahamwe afite uruhare runini mu guteza imbere no kugenzura ibikorwa by’ubukungu mu gihugu. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Koreya ya ruguru: 1. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Koreya: Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Koreya ni umwe mu mashyirahamwe y’ubucuruzi akomeye muri Koreya ya Ruguru. Intego yacyo yibanze ni uguteza imbere ubucuruzi nubucuruzi haba mu gihugu ndetse no mumahanga. Ariko, amakuru yihariye kubikorwa byabo nibisobanuro byurubuga ni gake. 2. Banki ishinzwe iterambere rya Leta: Banki ya Leta ishinzwe iterambere yibanda ku gutera inkunga imishinga minini y’ibikorwa remezo, iterambere ry’inganda, ubucuruzi bw’amahanga, guteza imbere ishoramari ry’amahanga, ibikorwa by’amabanki, n’ibindi, bigamije kuzamura ubukungu muri Koreya ya Ruguru. 3. Ishyirahamwe rusange ryubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga: Iri shyirahamwe rishyigikira ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu nganda zitandukanye muri Koreya ya Ruguru. Irashigikira udushya tworohereza ubufatanye hagati yinzego zitandukanye zubushakashatsi. 4. Ihuriro rusange ry’amashyirahamwe y’abakozi: Ihuriro rusange ry’amashyirahamwe y’abakozi ahagarariye abakozi mu nzego zitandukanye muri Koreya ya Ruguru. Bakora kugirango barebe imikorere myiza yumurimo, kurengera uburenganzira bwabakozi, kunoza imikorere, nibindi. 5. Komisiyo ishinzwe igenamigambi rya Leta: Nubwo atari ishyirahamwe ry’inganda, Komisiyo ishinzwe igenamigambi ya Leta igenzura igenamigambi ry’ubukungu muri Koreya ya Ruguru ihuza inganda zitandukanye kugira ngo intego z’ubukungu z’igihugu zigerweho neza. Kubwamahirwe, kubera kubona amakuru make aturuka kumasoko ya koreya ya ruguru kurubuga rwemewe cyangwa kumurongo wa interineti wanditswe mumiyoboro mpuzamahanga bibujijwe na politiki ya leta yerekeye kwinjira kumurongo hanze yigihugu cyabo; biragoye gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye kurubuga rwamashyirahamwe yavuzwe haruguru. Mu gusoza Menya ko hamwe no kubuzwa cyangwa kutizewe kubona amakuru yerekeranye naya mashyirahamwe aturuka hanze bigabanya ubumenyi bwacu kubyerekeranye na buri rubuga; birashobora kuba ingorabahizi kubona amakuru agezweho kuri bo kumurongo

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Hano hari imbuga nyinshi zubukungu nubucuruzi zijyanye na Koreya ya ruguru. Dore urutonde rwa bamwe muribo hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Koreya ishinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi-ishoramari (KOTRA) - ikigo cya leta gishinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi n’ishoramari muri Koreya ya Ruguru. Urubuga: www.kotra.or.kr 2. Ikigo cy’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi cya DPRK - gitanga amakuru yuzuye ku bikorwa by’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi muri Koreya ya Ruguru. Urubuga: www.north-korea.economytrade.net 3. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi rya Pyongyang - urubuga rwemewe rw’imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ngarukamwaka ryabereye i Pyongyang, ririmo ibicuruzwa na serivisi bitandukanye biboneka mu mahanga-byoherezwa mu mahanga. Urubuga: pyongyanginternationaltradefair.com 4. Ikigo gishinzwe amakuru muri Koreya nkuru (KCNA) - gikora nk'ikigo cya leta cya Koreya ya Ruguru gishinzwe amakuru, gikubiyemo ingingo zitandukanye zirimo ubukungu no kuvugurura ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: www.kcna.kp 5. Naenara (Ikigo gishinzwe ubumenyi bushingiye ku bumenyi bushingiye ku bumenyi) - umuyoboro wa interineti utanga amakuru ku nzego zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, inganda, ubukerarugendo, amahirwe yo gushora imari, politiki, n'ibindi. Urubuga: naenara.com.kp 6. Daepung International Investment Group - yibanda ku gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga muri Koreya ya Ruguru itanga amakuru ku mishinga y’ishoramari, politiki, amabwiriza, no korohereza amahirwe y’ubucuruzi. Urubuga: daepunggroup.com/en/ 7. Ikigo gishinzwe imiyoborere idasanzwe yubukungu - urubuga rwahariwe guteza imbere akarere kihariye k’ubukungu ka Rason gaherereye mu majyaruguru y’amajyaruguru ya Koreya ya Ruguru hibandwa cyane cyane ku nganda nka logistique, inganda, ubuhinzi n’ibindi, Urubuga: rason.sezk.org/eng/ Nyamuneka menya ko kwinjira kururu rubuga bishobora gukumirwa cyangwa kugarukira bitewe n’aho uherereye cyangwa politiki yo kwinjira kuri interineti mu karere yerekeye ibikubiye muri Koreya ya Ruguru. Nibyiza ko witonda mugihe ushakisha kururu rubuga kuko amakuru yukuri kubyerekeranye nubukungu bwifashe mubutegetsi bwihishwa arashobora rimwe na rimwe kugarukira cyangwa kugenzurwa nubuyobozi.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari imbuga nyinshi ushobora gusangamo amakuru yubucuruzi muri Koreya ya ruguru. Dore bimwe muri byo: 1. KOTRA (Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi n’ishoramari muri Koreya) - Uru rubuga rutanga amakuru ku bucuruzi n’ishoramari bya Koreya, harimo imibare y’ubucuruzi muri Koreya ya Ruguru. Urubuga: https://www.kotra.or.kr/ 2. Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye - Ububikoshingiro mpuzamahanga bw’umuryango w’abibumbye butanga amakuru ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, harimo amakuru yo muri Koreya ya Ruguru. Urubuga: https://comtrade.un.org/data/ 3. Observatoire yubukungu bugoye - Uru rubuga rugufasha kumenya amakuru y’ubucuruzi n’imibare mpuzamahanga mu bihugu bitandukanye, harimo na Koreya ya Ruguru. Urubuga: http://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/explore/tree_map/export/prk/all/show/2018/ 4 Urubuga: https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/prk// 5. Global Trade Atlas - Aya masoko atanga uburyo bwo kubona amakuru yuzuye yatumijwe mu mahanga / yoherezwa mu mahanga ku masoko yemewe ku isi, akubiyemo amakuru arambuye ku bikorwa by'ubucuruzi bya Koreya ya Ruguru. Urubuga: http://www.gtis.com/gta.jsp 6. Ubucuruzi bwubucuruzi - Uru rubuga rutanga ibipimo byinshi byubukungu nubwenge bwisoko, harimo imibare yubucuruzi mubihugu bitandukanye nka Koreya ya ruguru. Urubuga: https://tradingeconomics.com/. Wibuke ko kubera ibihano no gukorera mu mucyo mu gutanga raporo y’ubutegetsi muri Pyongyang, kuboneka no kumenya ukuri kwabyo birashobora gutandukana kuri izi mbuga n’ibindi bikoresho bigamije gukurikirana urujya n'uruza rw’ubucuruzi ku isi.

B2b

Hano hari Koreya ya Ruguru ya B2B yorohereza ubucuruzi nubufatanye. Dore bimwe muribi hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Koreya (KFTA) - Uru rubuga ruhuza ubucuruzi bwa Koreya ya Ruguru n’abaguzi mpuzamahanga n’abatanga ibicuruzwa. Itanga amakuru yuzuye yibicuruzwa, ibigo, namakuru yubucuruzi. Urubuga: http://www.kfta.or.kr/eng/ 2. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Koreya (KCCI) - KCCI itanga urubuga rwa B2B aho amasosiyete yo muri Koreya ya Ruguru ashobora kwerekana ibicuruzwa na serivisi ku bafatanyabikorwa bashobora kwisi yose. Urubuga: http://www.korcham.net/ 3. Banki ya Koreya yohereza mu mahanga (Eximbank) - Eximbank ifasha mu korohereza inkunga y’ubucuruzi ku bicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Koreya ya Ruguru binyuze ku rubuga rwayo rwa interineti. Itanga kandi amakuru ku masoko atandukanye yohereza hanze n'amahirwe y'ubucuruzi. Urubuga: http://english.eximbank.co.kr/ 4. Isosiyete ya AIC - Isosiyete ya AIC ni ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi hagati y’amasosiyete yo muri Koreya ya Ruguru n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga. Ihuriro ryabo ririmo urutonde rwibicuruzwa biva mu nganda zitandukanye. Urubuga: N / A. 5. Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi na Koreya (EK-BPA) - EK-BPA yibanze ku guteza imbere ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’ubucuruzi bwa Koreya ya Ruguru binyuze ku mbuga za interineti B2B. Urubuga: https://ekbpa.com/urugo 6. Isosiyete mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi ya Pyongyang (PSITC) - PSITC ikora ku isoko rya interineti ryerekana ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bikozwe n’abakora inganda za Koreya ya Ruguru, byugururiwe abaguzi mpuzamahanga kugira ngo bahuze n’abatanga ibicuruzwa mu gihugu. Urubuga: http://psitc.co.kr/main/index.asp Nyamuneka menya ko kubera ibihe bya politiki, imbuga zimwe na zimwe ntizishobora kuboneka cyangwa kuboneka kwazo birashobora gutandukana mugihe. Ni ngombwa kuvuga ko inganda zemewe zijyanye n’intwaro, ibikoresho bya gisirikare, ibikoresho bya kirimbuzi cyangwa ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu buryo bubiri bidashobora kugerwaho cyangwa kuboneka mu bucuruzi kubera ibihano by’umuryango w’abibumbye byafatiye Koreya ya Ruguru. Inshingano: Amakuru yavuzwe haruguru yatanzwe kubwimpamvu gusa. Birasabwa kugenzura ukuri nuburyo bwemewe bwurubuga urwo arirwo rwose mbere yo kwishora mubucuruzi.