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Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Pakisitani, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Kisilamu ya Pakisitani, ni igihugu giherereye muri Aziya y'Epfo. Hatuwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 225, nicyo gihugu cya gatanu gituwe cyane ku isi. Ihuza imipaka n'Ubuhinde mu burasirazuba, Ubushinwa mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, Afuganisitani mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, na Irani mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba. Ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 881.913, Pakisitani izwiho imiterere itandukanye. Igice cyo mu majyaruguru kigizwe n'uturere two mu misozi harimo K2 (impinga ya kabiri hejuru cyane ku isi), ibibaya bitoshye n'ibibarafu. Igice cyo mu majyepfo kirimo ibibaya binini bigenda bihurira mu butayu. Islamu niryo dini ryiganje rikurikirwa na 96% by'Abanyapakisitani. Ikirundi n'Icyongereza bizwi nk'indimi zemewe mu gihe indimi nyinshi zo mu karere zivugwa mu ntara zitandukanye. Ubukungu bwa Pakisitani ni uruvange rw’ubuhinzi, inganda na serivisi. Ikaba iri mu bihugu bitanga umusaruro mwinshi ku isi kandi ifite umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi nk'ingano, umuceri n'ibisheke. Inganda zikomeye zirimo imyenda, imiti, imiti n’umusaruro w’imodoka. Pakisitani ifite gahunda y’inteko ishinga amategeko hamwe na Perezida ukora nk'umukuru w’igihugu mu gihe Minisitiri w’intebe akora nk'umukuru wa Guverinoma. Imiterere ya politiki ikunze kwerekana imbogamizi kubera amakimbirane yo mu karere hamwe n’ingabo za gisirikare mu mateka. Naho ibyiza nyaburanga bikurura ubukerarugendo muri Pakisitani; imbuga nka Fort ya Lahore yerekana ubwubatsi bwa Mughal; Amatongo ya Mohenjo-daro yerekana Umuco wa kera wa Indus; ibibaya byiza nka Swat Valley na Hunza Valley bikurura abashyitsi baturutse kwisi yose kubwiza nyaburanga. Icyakora, twakagombye kumenya ko Pakisitani ihura n’ibibazo byinshi birimo n’ubukene bugira ingaruka ku gice kinini cy’abaturage bayo hamwe n’ibibazo bijyanye n’intagondwa zavutse igihe; nyamara hakomeje gushyirwa ingufu mu gukemura ibyo bibazo binyuze mu ivugurura ry’ubukungu n’ingamba zo kurwanya iterabwoba. Mu gusoza, Pakisitani itanga umurage gakondo w’umuco uhujwe n’ahantu heza ariko hanakemurwa n’ibibazo by’imibereho n’ubukungu bisaba imbaraga zihoraho mu iterambere. "

Imiterere y’ifaranga rya Pakisitani iterwa nimpamvu zitandukanye. Ifaranga ryemewe rya Pakisitani ni Rupee yo muri Pakisitani (PKR). Banki ya Leta ya Pakisitani, ikora nka banki nkuru y’igihugu, icunga politiki y’ifaranga kandi ikagenga itangwa ry’amafaranga mu kuzenguruka. Igipimo cy’ivunjisha rya PKR ugereranije n’andi mafaranga akomeye gihindagurika ukurikije uko isoko ryifashe ndetse n’ubukungu. Banki nkuru yivanga mu isoko ry’ivunjisha kugira ngo ibungabunge umutekano kandi ikumire ihindagurika rikabije. Nyamara, agaciro ka PKR kamaze guta agaciro mugihe bitewe nimpamvu zitandukanye nkifaranga, ubusumbane bwubucuruzi, nibibazo bya geopolitike. Pakisitani ahanini ishingiye ku byoherezwa mu mahanga nk'imyenda, ibikomoka ku buhinzi, n'amabuye y'agaciro kugira ngo ibone amafaranga y'amahanga. Impirimbanyi zubucuruzi zifite uruhare runini mukumenya imbaraga cyangwa intege nke za PKR ugereranije nandi mafaranga. Niba ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga birenze ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ku buryo bugaragara, birashobora gushyira igitutu kuri Rupee yo muri Pakisitani. Mu rwego rwo gushimangira ububiko bw’ifaranga, Pakisitani irasaba kandi inkunga y’amafaranga imiryango mpuzamahanga nk’ikigega mpuzamahanga cy’imari (IMF) cyangwa inguzanyo ziva mu bihugu byombi. Inguzanyo nk'izo zifite ibisabwa bisaba gushyira mu bikorwa ivugurura ry’imiterere mu nzego nk'imisoro, ingufu, cyangwa imiyoborere kugira ngo ubukungu bwabo muri rusange. Byongeye kandi, amafaranga yoherejwe n'Abanyapakisitani bo mu mahanga ni isoko y'ingenzi yo kuvunjisha Pakisitani. Iyinjira ritanga inkunga kuri PKR mukongera ububiko bwimbere no kugabanya gushingira kumasoko yo hanze. Muri rusange, ifaranga rya Pakisitani rikomeje kumva ko ubukungu bw’imbere n’imbere bugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’isoko ry’imari ku isi. Harimo gushyirwaho ingufu binyuze muri politiki zinyuranye kugira ngo habeho umutekano mu gihe ubukungu bwabo bugamije iterambere rirambye mu gihe kirekire.

Ifaranga ryemewe rya Pakisitani ni Rupee yo muri Pakisitani (PKR). Kubijyanye n’igipimo cy’ivunjisha ugereranije n’amafaranga akomeye ku isi, nyamuneka menya ko izo ndangagaciro zishobora guhinduka kandi buri gihe ni byiza kugenzura hamwe nisoko yizewe kubiciro nyabyo. Ariko, nkurikije ubumenyi bwanjye bushya muri Kanama 2021, dore ibigereranyo bikabije: 1 USD = hafi 167 PKR 1 EUR = hafi 197 PKR 1 GBP = hafi 230 PKR 1 JPY = hafi 1.5 PKR 1 CNY (Igishinwa Yuan) = hafi 25 PKR Nyamuneka wibuke ko iyi mibare ishobora gutandukana kandi ugomba kwifashisha amasoko yimari yemewe cyangwa amabanki kubiciro byukuri kandi bigezweho.

Igihugu cya Pakisitani, igihugu gitandukanye kandi gikungahaye ku muco, cyizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi y'igihugu umwaka wose. Iyi minsi mikuru itanga ibisobanuro ku migenzo y'igihugu, amateka, n'umwuka wo gukunda igihugu. Dore iminsi mikuru mikuru ya Pakisitani: 1. Umunsi wa Pakisitani (23 Werurwe): Uyu munsi wibutse Icyemezo cyamateka cya Lahor cyo mu 1940, cyahaye inzira igihugu cyigenga kubayisilamu mubuhinde bwu Bwongereza. Irerekana ubufatanye nubumwe mubenegihugu mugihe bibuka urugamba rwabo nibitambo. 2. Umunsi wubwigenge (14 Kanama): Pakisitani yabonye ubwigenge ku butegetsi bw’Abongereza kuri uyu munsi mu 1947. Yizihizwa n’ishyaka ryinshi mu gihugu hose binyuze mu birori byo kuzamura ibendera, parade, fireworks, ibirori by’umuco, ndetse no kongera kwishimira igihugu. 3. Umunsi wo kwirwanaho (6 Nzeri): Yubahirijwe kugira ubutwari bw'ingabo za Pakisitani mu ntambara yo mu Buhinde na Pakisitani yo mu 1965 yarwanye n'Ubuhinde. Umunsi urashimira abamaritiri bitanze ubuzima bwabo barengera igihugu cyabo. 4. Eid-ul-Fitr: Bizihizwa mu mpera za Ramadhan nyuma y’ukwezi kwisonzesha n’abayisilamu ku isi. Ibirori muri Pakisitani birimo amasengesho adasanzwe ku misigiti akurikirwa n’ibirori aho imiryango ihurira hamwe kugirango basangire amafunguro kandi bahane impano. 5.Eid-ul-Adha: Azwi kandi nka Bakra Eid cyangwa umunsi mukuru wibitambo bigwa hashize amezi abiri nyuma ya Eid-ul-Fitr aho abayisilamu bibuka Intumwa Ibrahim yiteguye gutamba umuhungu we nkigikorwa cyo kumvira Allah (Imana). Abantu bishimira gutamba amatungo nkihene cyangwa inka mugihe basangiye inyama nabagize umuryango nababikeneye. 6.Milad-un-Nabi: Uyu munsi mukuru uba kumunsi wamavuko yintumwa Muhamadi ukurikije imigenzo ya kisilamu.Imihanda irimbishijwe amatara yo gushushanya mugihe abantu bateraniye mumisigiti kugirango basengere bidasanzwe. Disikuru, indirimbo, ninzira birabera byerekana inyigisho zubuzima bwintumwa Muhamadi Iyi minsi mikuru igira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga umuco wa Pakisitani mu gihe iteza imbere ubumwe mu baturage bayo. Mu kwizihiza ibi bihe, Pakisitani yerekana ishema amateka yayo, imigenzo, n'umurage utandukanye ku isi.

Pakisitani nigihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere giherereye muri Aziya yepfo. Ifite ubukungu butandukanye bushingiye cyane kubucuruzi kugirango butere imbere niterambere. Abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye muri Pakisitani barimo Ubushinwa, Amerika, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Arabiya Sawudite, n’Ubumwe bw’Abarabu. Igihugu cyohereza cyane cyane imyenda n'imyenda, ibicuruzwa by'uruhu, umuceri, ibicuruzwa by'imikino, imiti, n'ibikoresho byo kubaga. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigira uruhare runini mu kwinjiza amadovize muri Pakisitani. Ku rundi ruhande, Pakisitani itumiza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye nk'imashini n'ibikoresho, ibikomoka kuri peteroli, imiti, ubutare bw'ibyuma n'ibicuruzwa. Igihugu kandi gitumiza mu mahanga ibiribwa nkamavuta aribwa na pulses kubera ibikenerwa mu gihugu birenze umusaruro. Mu myaka yashize, Pakisitani yibanze ku kunoza umubano w’ubucuruzi n’ibihugu bitandukanye binyuze mu masezerano atandukanye. Umuhanda w’ubukungu w’Ubushinwa na Pakisitani (CPEC) ni kimwe mu bikorwa by’ingenzi bigamije gushimangira umubano w’ubukungu hagati y’ibihugu byombi binyuze mu mishinga iteza imbere ibikorwa remezo. Icyakora, ingufu za kirimbuzi zisobanura ko zigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza mpuzamahanga akomeye yerekeranye no guhererekanya ikoranabuhanga rya kirimbuzi. Igihombo cy’ubucuruzi cya Pakisitani gikomeje kuba ingorabahizi kubera ko umushinga w’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga urenze amafaranga yinjira mu mahanga. Guverinoma ishyira mu bikorwa politiki yo kuzamura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga itanga uburyo bwo gushora imari mu bucuruzi butandukanye. imirongo y'ibicuruzwa cyangwa kwinjira mu masoko adakoreshwa. Byongeye kandi, guteza imbere ubukerarugendo bizafasha kubyara amadovize binyuze mu mubare w’abakerarugendo basura ahantu nyaburanga ndangamurage, ahantu nyaburanga nyaburanga, no mu minsi mikuru y’umuco.Hariho ingamba zikomeje zo kongera icyizere cy’abashoramari ari nako bakurura ishoramari ritaziguye ( FDI) mu nzego nk'ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, imyenda, n'ubuhinzi., Bizarushaho guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwa Pakisitani Muri rusange, ubucuruzi bw’igihugu cya Pakisitani bwerekana ko hashobora kubaho iterambere, kandi hamwe n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ingamba, igihugu gishobora kwihatira gukemura ikibazo cy’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi, kubona isoko ku isi hose, no gutandukanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.Ibyo amaherezo bizaganisha ku kugera ku iterambere rirambye ry’ubukungu kuri ibi igihugu gifite imbaraga ..

Pakisitani, kimwe mu bihugu byihuta cyane mu bukungu bwa Aziya yepfo, gifite amahirwe menshi yo kurushaho gutera imbere ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Abaturage batuwe na miliyoni zisaga 220 hamwe n’ahantu hateganijwe guhuza Aziya yepfo, Aziya yo hagati, ndetse n’iburasirazuba bwo hagati, Pakisitani itanga amahirwe akomeye mu bucuruzi n’ishoramari mpuzamahanga. Ubwa mbere, Pakisitani ifite umutungo kamere nkamakara, gaze gasanzwe, ibigega bya peteroli, amabuye y'agaciro nkumuringa na zahabu. Ibyo bikoresho birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango bikurure ishoramari ry’amahanga mu nzego z’ubucukuzi n’ingufu. Byongeye kandi, Pakisitani izwiho ubutaka burumbuka bigatuma igira ingufu mu buhinzi. Kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze mu buhinzi nk'umuceri, imyenda y'ipamba, imbuto, imboga birashobora kugira uruhare mu kuzamuka kwinjiza amadovize. Icya kabiri, abakora muri Pakisitani bateye intambwe mu gukora imyenda ikomeje kuba urwego rukomeye rutanga umusanzu mu byoherezwa mu mahanga. Abakozi bafite ubumenyi mu gihugu bafite uruhare mu gukora imyenda myiza ku giciro cyo gupiganwa. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byagiye byiyongera bitewe n’inyungu zishingiye ku masezerano y’ibihugu byombi n’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Icya gatatu, ubwiyongere bwabaturage ba Pakisitani butanga isoko rinini ryabaguzi rishobora gukurura amasosiyete yamahanga ashakisha amasoko mashya yo kwagura ubucuruzi bwabo. Imijyi yihuse itanga icyifuzo cyo guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo harimo imishinga yimiturire hamwe nuyoboro wo gutwara abantu ufungura inzira yo kubaka ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, Umuhanda w’ubukungu w’Ubushinwa na Pakisitani (CPEC), igice cy’umushinga w’ubushinwa n’umuhanda (BRI), wongereye ingufu mu bucuruzi bwa Pakisitani mu guteza imbere umubano hagati y’icyambu cya Gwadar ku nyanja y’Abarabu n’Ubushinwa binyuze mu mihanda n’ibikorwa remezo bya gari ya moshi. Ibi ntabwo bitanga amahirwe yo kugera kumasoko yo mukarere gusa ahubwo binashyira Pakisitani nkirembo ryuburasirazuba bwo hagati na Aziya yo hagati. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma ya Pakisitani yashyize mu bikorwa ivugurura ry’ubukungu rigamije kunoza koroshya ubucuruzi mu kugabanya kaseti itukura no koroshya amabwiriza atanga ibidukikije bishimishije ku bikorwa mpuzamahanga by’ubucuruzi. Byongeye kandi, amasoko y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa nk’umuyaga, izuba, ibicanwa bitanga ingufu nyinshi ibyifuzo by'ishoramari Mu gusoza, amahirwe yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Pakisitani ni ngombwa. Umutungo kamere, imbaraga zabakozi bafite ubuhanga mubikorwa byinganda, isoko ryabaguzi ryiyongera, hamwe n’ahantu hafatika bigira uruhare runini. Gufatanya na Pakisitani bitanga amasosiyete amahirwe yo kuzamuka no kunguka mubice byinshi kandi bishobora kuganisha ku mibanire myiza yubukungu.

Ku bijyanye no gutoranya ibintu ku isoko ryiyongera ry’ubucuruzi bw’ububanyi n’amahanga bwa Pakisitani, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibintu by’umuco, ubukungu, n’imiterere y’igihugu. Hano hari ibitekerezo bike byuburyo bwo guhitamo ibicuruzwa bikenewe: 1. Imyenda n'imyenda: Pakisitani izwiho inganda zikomeye. Tekereza kohereza mu mahanga imyenda yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, nk'imyenda, ibikoresho nk'ibitambaro cyangwa shaweli, n'imyenda yo mu rugo nk'imyenda yo kuryama cyangwa igitambaro. 2. Ibicuruzwa byubuhinzi: Pakisitani ifite ubukungu bwubuhinzi nuburyo butandukanye bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Wibande ku gusarura imbuto nk'imyembe cyangwa amacunga kuko zishakishwa cyane ku isi. Byongeye kandi, ubwoko bwumuceri (nka Basmati) bukenewe cyane. 3. Ibicuruzwa by'uruhu: Pakisitani ifite inganda zikora neza. Kwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze nkinkweto, ikotomoni, ibikapu / isakoshi bikozwe mu ruhu rwo mu rwego rwo hejuru bishobora kubyara inyungu. 4. Ibicuruzwa bya siporo: Ibicuruzwa by'imikino byo muri Pakisitani byamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera ubukorikori bwiza kandi buhendutse. Shakisha ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga (harimo imipira n'imipira), imipira y'umupira w'amaguru, imyenda ya siporo / ibikoresho bijyanye n'umupira w'amaguru cyangwa umupira w'amaguru. 5. Ubukorikori: Abanyabukorikori bo muri Pakisitani bakora ibihangano byiza byerekana umurage n'umuco gakondo by'igihugu. Ibikoresho bikozwe mu giti / ibihangano, amarangi ashushanyije intoki / ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa farashi birashobora guhitamo gukundwa kumasoko yo hanze. 6.Ibicuruzwa byiza: ibirungo bigira uruhare runini muguteka kwa Pakisitani; kohereza rero ibirungo nkimbuto za cumin / karamomu / ifu ya coriandre birashobora kubona inyungu nziza.Abantu bashimishijwe bagomba no gutekereza kubindi biribwa byihariye muri Pakisitani nkibiryo gakondo (urugero, Gulab Jamun), ibirungo / chutney bikozwe mu mbuto zidasanzwe / imboga. 7.Ikoranabuhanga / Ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki: Pakisitani irerekana ubushobozi budakoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga / ku masoko ya elegitoroniki. Kubera iyo mpamvu, kwibasira ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike (urugero, telefone zigendanwa / ibikoresho bya mudasobwa), porogaramu ya IT / serivisi birashobora gutanga amahirwe meza ku bucuruzi bwohereza mu mahanga / gutumiza mu mahanga. Wibuke ko ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku isoko, kubungabunga ubuziranenge, no gukurikirana imigendekere igaragara ni intambwe zingenzi mu kumenya ibicuruzwa byihariye bizagurishwa neza ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Pakisitani.

Pakisitani, igihugu cya Aziya yepfo gifite umurage ndangamuco ukungahaye, kizwiho imiterere yihariye yabakiriya ndetse na kirazira z'umuco. Gusobanukirwa nibi bintu birashobora kuba ingenzi mugihe uhuza nabakiriya ba Pakisitani. Ukurikije ibiranga abakiriya, muri rusange abanyapakisitani ni abantu basusurutsa kandi bakira abashyitsi baha agaciro umubano wabo bwite. Kubaka umubano ukomeye ushingiye ku kwizerana no kubahana ni ngombwa mubikorwa byubucuruzi. Ni ngombwa gushora igihe cyo kumenya abakiriya bawe bo muri Pakisitani kurwego rwawe mbere yo kwibira mubucuruzi. Abakiriya ba Pakisitani nabo bashima ubwitonzi bwihariye na serivisi nziza zabakiriya. Bategereje ibisubizo byihuse kubibazo nibicuruzwa byiza cyangwa serivisi nziza. Kugaragaza ubunyamwuga no gusohoza ibyo wiyemeje bifatwa nkibimenyetso byo kwizerwa. Ku bijyanye na kirazira z'umuco, ni ngombwa kumenya ingingo zimwe zishobora kubabaza cyangwa kumva muri Pakisitani: 1. Iyobokamana: Islamu igira uruhare runini muri societe ya Pakisitani; rero, ni ngombwa kwirinda ibiganiro cyangwa ibikorwa byose bitubaha Islam cyangwa indi myizerere ishingiye ku idini. 2. Politiki: Ibibazo bya politiki birashobora kumvikana cyane muri Pakisitani kuko ibitekerezo bitandukanye biri mubaturage ku byerekeye abanyapolitiki cyangwa amashyaka. Nibyiza kutaganira kuri politiki keretse umukiriya wawe atangiye ibiganiro nkibi. 3. Inshingano z'uburinganire: Inshingano z'uburinganire ziganje muri Pakisitani, aho usanga abagabo bafite imyanya y'ubuyobozi mu ngo no mu bucuruzi. Ni ngombwa gukomeza umwuga mugihe wubaha imigenzo yaho yerekeranye nuburinganire. 4.Imibereho mbonezamubano: PDA (kwerekana kumugaragaro urukundo), cyane cyane hagati yabashakanye, mubusanzwe bifatwa nkibidakwiye muri societe ya Pakisitani kubera indangagaciro zita ku bitekerezo. Nibyiza kutishora mumibonano irenze indamutso isanzwe mugihe ukorana nabakiriya. 5.Ibiryo bya kirazira: Kurya inyama zingurube bigomba kwirindwa mugihe utanga ibiryo kubera ko abayisilamu babona ko ingurube zibujijwe kubera imyizerere ishingiye ku idini - ibi bikubiyemo ibiryo byombi byatanzwe mu nama kimwe nimpano zose zijyanye nibiribwa bigomba no gukuramo ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku nyama zingurube? Gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya bidasanzwe no kuzirikana kirazira z'umuco bizafasha gushiraho umubano mwiza mubucuruzi muri Pakisitani. Kubaha imigenzo gakondo gakondo bigera kure mukubaka ikizere no kugirana umubano nabakiriya ba Pakisitani.

Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo ninama kuri Pakisitani Pakisitani iherereye muri Aziya yepfo, ifite gahunda nini yo gucunga gasutamo igenga ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Ishami rya gasutamo mu gihugu rifite inshingano zo kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ubucuruzi, gukusanya imisoro n’imisoro, gukumira ibikorwa bya magendu, no koroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Hano hari ibintu by'ingenzi bigize gahunda yo gucunga gasutamo ya Pakisitani hamwe n'inama z'ingenzi: 1. Inyandiko: Iyo winjiye cyangwa uvuye muri Pakisitani, abagenzi bagomba kuba bafite pasiporo yemewe cyangwa izindi mpapuro zemewe. Byongeye kandi, urupapuro rwerekana imenyekanisha rya gasutamo rugomba kuzuzwa neza kugira ngo rutangaze ibicuruzwa byose bizanwa cyangwa bivanwa mu gihugu. 2. Ibintu bibujijwe kandi bibujijwe: Ibintu bimwe birabujijwe gutumizwa muri Pakisitani kubera impungenge z'umutekano cyangwa amategeko abuza. Ibi birimo ibiyobyabwenge, intwaro, amafaranga yimpimbano cyangwa ibicuruzwa, ibintu biteye isoni, ibikoresho bishobora guteza akaga (nkimiti yuburozi), nibicuruzwa ndangamuco nta burenganzira bubifitiye uburenganzira. 3. Kubara imisoro: Igipimo cy'amahoro kiratandukanye bitewe n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga / byoherezwa mu mahanga kimwe n'agaciro kabyo. Ibi biciro birashobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe urubuga rwa interineti rutangwa ninama nkuru y’imisoro (FBR) muri Pakisitani. 4. Umuyoboro utukura: Nyuma yo kugera ku bibuga by’indege bya Pakisitani cyangwa ku byambu, hari inzira ebyiri - icyatsi ku bagenzi batwara ibintu bitemewe / bibujijwe / bibujijwe kandi bitukura ku bakeneye gutangaza ibyo bintu mbere y’ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo. 5. Kugenzura imizigo: Birasanzwe ko kugenzura imizigo bikorwa ukigera muri Pakisitani kugirango hubahirizwe amabwiriza yatumijwe mu mahanga. Ubufatanye n'abayobozi muriki gikorwa bushobora kwihutisha inzira zo gukuraho. 6. Amafaranga atishyurwa: Abagenzi barashobora kungukirwa n’amafaranga atishyurwa iyo bazanye ibintu byabo mu gihugu mu gihe cyagenwe na FBR. 7.Itangazo rya Customer Sisitemu kuri interineti (WeBOC): WeBOC yorohereza ibicuruzwa bidafite impapuro zemerera abacuruzi / abatwara ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga / abakozi ba gasutamo / abakora kuri e-ubucuruzi gutanga imenyekanisha rya elegitoronike kumurongo mbere yuburyo bwo gukuraho ibyambu / ibibuga byindege / imbibi zubutaka. 8. Akamaro k'ubufasha bw'umwuga: Ku bantu cyangwa ku bucuruzi bafite ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga / byoherezwa mu mahanga, gushaka ubufasha bw'umwuga ku bakozi ba gasutamo cyangwa abashinzwe ibicuruzwa birashobora koroshya cyane inzira no kwemeza kubahiriza amabwiriza. Ni ngombwa kumenya gahunda yo gucunga gasutamo ya Pakisitani no kubahiriza amabwiriza yayo mugihe ugenda cyangwa utumiza / kohereza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu. Kutayubahiriza bishobora kuvamo ibihano, kwamburwa ibicuruzwa, hamwe n’ibibazo byemewe n'amategeko. Niyo mpamvu, birasabwa gukomeza kugezwaho amategeko mashya ya gasutamo binyuze mumasoko ya leta cyangwa gushaka ubuyobozi kubanyamwuga babimenyereye mugihe bikenewe.

Pakisitani ifite politiki yihariye kandi irambuye yo gutumiza mu mahanga igamije kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu mu gihe ziteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Igihugu gikurikiza gahunda ishingiye ku misoro, aho imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga itangwa ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye byinjira mu gihugu. Igipimo cy’amahoro yatumijwe mu mahanga kiratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa. Igiciro cya gasutamo ya Pakisitani (PCT) ishyira ibicuruzwa mu bice bitandukanye, ibice, hamwe n’imitwe itandukanye, buri kimwe gifite igipimo cyihariye cyo gutumiza mu mahanga. Ibicuruzwa bimwe bishobora kwemererwa gusonerwa cyangwa kugabanyirizwa imisoro kubera amasezerano y’ibihugu byombi cyangwa amasezerano y’ubucuruzi mu karere. Itangazo rusange ryinjira muri rusange (IGM) ni itegeko kubyoherezwa byose bigera muri Pakisitani ninyanja cyangwa ikirere. Iyi nyandiko ifasha kumenya imirimo ikoreshwa neza. Amahoro yatumijwe mu mahanga ashingiye ahanini ku gaciro k’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga bizwi ku izina rya ad-valorem imisoro, ibarwa nkijanisha rya CIF (Igiciro, Ubwishingizi & Ubwikorezi) agaciro k'ibicuruzwa. Ibindi byishyurwa bishobora kuba birimo umusoro ku byaguzwe hamwe n’umusoro ufatirwa bitewe n’imiterere y’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko Pakisitani ishishikarizwa gutumiza mu mahanga ibikoresho fatizo n’imashini zikenerwa mu musaruro w’inganda binyuze mu bikorwa bitandukanye nko gutanga imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga cyangwa gusonerwa. Izi ngamba zigamije kuzamura ubushobozi bw’inganda mu gihe hagabanywa gushingira ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga muri iyo mirenge. Byongeye kandi, hari amategeko abuza abayobozi ba Pakisitani kubuza ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe nk'ibiyobyabwenge, amafaranga y'amiganano, intwaro n'amasasu kugira ngo umutekano rusange n'umutekano w'igihugu bigerweho. Muri rusange, kugendana na politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Pakisitani ni ingenzi ku bucuruzi bukora ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’iki gihugu. Birasabwa ko ubucuruzi bugisha inama abakora kuri gasutamo yabigize umwuga cyangwa inzobere mu by'amategeko kugira ngo bagenzure neza aya mabwiriza.

Politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga muri Pakisitani igira uruhare runini mu kuzamura ubukungu bw’igihugu no kuzamura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Guverinoma yashyize mu bikorwa ingamba zitandukanye zo gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga no kuzamura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga binyuze muri politiki nziza y’imisoro. Mbere na mbere, Pakisitani ifite imisoro mike ugereranije ninganda nyinshi zohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Mu rwego rwo gushimangira ubucuruzi no kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bisonewe umusoro ku byaguzwe rusange (GST) n'umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA). Ibi byemeza ko abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bataremerewe no gusoresha ku bicuruzwa byabo bigenewe amasoko mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, Pakisitani itanga uburyo bwinshi bwo gushora imari no gusonerwa ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Inganda zerekeza mu mahanga zishimira imisoro yinjira cyangwa gusonerwa burundu imisoro yinjira mugihe runaka. Ibi bituma ubucuruzi bugumana inyungu nyinshi, kongera gushora mubikorwa, no kwagura isoko ryabo haba mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga. Guverinoma kandi itanga umusoro wa gasutamo zeru ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bikoreshwa mu gukora ibicuruzwa bigamije gusa kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ibi biteza imbere kongera agaciro mugihugu mugukora bihendutse kubyara ibicuruzwa byarangiye aho kubitumiza byuzuye cyangwa bikozwe ahandi. Byongeye kandi, Pakisitani yashyizeho uturere twihariye tw’ubukungu (SEZ) aho abayikora bashobora kungukirwa n’imisoro ku nyungu. Utu turere dutanga uburyo butandukanye nko gusonerwa imisoro ya gasutamo ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, amafaranga yihuse yo guta agaciro, kugabanya imisoro ntoya (MAT), no gusonerwa imisoro ku nyungu ku gihe runaka. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga muri Pakisitani igamije gutanga ibidukikije byiza ku bucuruzi bwinjira mu mahanga. Mugutanga umusoro ku byaguzwe, umusoro ku nyongeragaciro, umusoro ku nyungu zinjira mu mahanga nyuma yo kugera ku mbibi zimwe / kwagura / gusubizwa / gushyira imbere / gusimbuza ibicuruzwa / kurinda inganda zaho / inguzanyo z’ubucuruzi bw’urubyiruko hamwe n’ibiciro byerekana ibicuruzwa / gusonera imashini / ibikoresho / ibikoresho fatizo bitumizwa mu mahanga / Ibikoresho byo gutera inkunga Musharakah / guteza imbere abakozi / gahunda yo gutanga inguzanyo zoherezwa mu mahanga / gushimangira imisoro / ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa / ingamba z’umurongo w’ibiciro / kwagura uburyo bwo gutangiza / gutangiza urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi / gushakisha amasoko mashya / imurikagurisha / imurikagurisha / gushinga amahuriro y’inganda / uduce dutunganya inganda / gushishikariza guhanga udushya no guhererekanya ikoranabuhanga, guverinoma ishishikariza inganda zaho gutera imbere, gutandukanya ibicuruzwa byabo, no gucukumbura amasoko mpuzamahanga.

Pakisitani 是一个以制造业为主导的发展中国家，占据了其经济该重要在出口过程中了一些。。。。首先，巴基斯坦政府设立 “巴基斯坦标准与品质控制局” Authority Ikigo gishinzwe ubuziranenge n’ubuziranenge bwa Pakisitani, PSQCA）授权的任务。其次 Q PSQCA 还为出口颁发认证证书包括 “巴基斯坦标志” Mark Mark Mark）和 “工厂评估” E Isuzuma ry'uruganda），确保产品品质得到公正，并认证认证不仅不仅产品竞争力，也有助于巴基斯坦向全球市场推广自身形象。 Q ，在进入一些市场，， Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q ， Q ，并帮助企业获取相应必要认证。。总体而言，巴基斯坦非常出口认证认证，致力于通过提供高质量增加在国际国际国际竞争力进一步帮助。。。。。

Pakisitani iherereye muri Aziya yepfo, ifite umuyoboro wateye imbere w’ibikoresho byita ku bucuruzi n’abantu ku giti cyabo. Hano hari bimwe byasabwe guhitamo ibikoresho muri Pakisitani. 1. Ibikorwa Remezo by’icyambu: Pakisitani ibamo ibyambu bibiri bikomeye - icyambu cya Karachi na Port Qasim. Ibyo byambu bikora ubwinshi mu bicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja byinjira kandi bisohoka mu gihugu. Batanga ibikorwa remezo bigezweho, ibikoresho bigezweho, hamwe na gasutamo nziza. 2. Ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda: Pakisitani ifite umuyoboro mugari wo gutwara abantu n'ibintu mu mijyi minini mu gihugu. Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe imihanda (NHA) gikomeza umuhanda munini uhuza uturere tw’ubukungu nka Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad, na Peshawar. 3. Gariyamoshi: Sisitemu ya gari ya moshi ya Pakisitani ihuza imijyi minini imbere mu gihugu kimwe n'ibihugu bituranye nk'Ubushinwa na Irani. Itanga uburyo buhendutse bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa kure cyane mu gihugu. 4 Ibigo bitandukanye bitwara imizigo bikora haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga kugira ngo bikemure neza ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa mu kirere. Amasosiyete 5 yohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga: Amasosiyete menshi azwi cyane yo kohereza ibicuruzwa akorera muri Pakisitani atanga ibisubizo byuzuye by’ibikoresho byoherezwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi. Izi sosiyete zitanga serivisi nkubufasha bwa gasutamo, inkunga yinyandiko, ibikoresho byububiko, ibisubizo bipakira, serivisi zitangwa ku nzu n'inzu hamwe na sisitemu yo gukurikirana itanga imiyoborere myiza. Ibikoresho byububiko 6: Guhuza ibyifuzo byububiko neza mu turere dutandukanye, Pakisitani itanga ububiko bwinshi bufite ibikoresho bigezweho nko kugenzura ubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa byangirika cyangwa ububiko bwihariye busabwa ninganda zimwe na zimwe nka farumasi cyangwa imiti. 7 Abatwara abantu ku isi: Imirongo minini yo kohereza ibicuruzwa ikora serivise zisanzwe zihuza ibyambu bya Pakisitani n’ahantu hose ku isi. Batanga ibihe byokunyura ku gipimo cyo gupiganwa bakoresheje inzira zo kohereza ibicuruzwa biva ku byambu biherereye hafi y’ahantu hacururizwa mu kigobe cya Arabiya cyangwa muri Aziya y’amajyepfo y’amajyepfo. 8 Ihuriro rya e-ubucuruzi: Hamwe no kwiyongera kwamamare ya e-ubucuruzi muri Pakisitani, hagaragaye amasoko menshi kumurongo. Izi porogaramu zitanga ibikoresho byiza, harimo ububiko no gutanga serivisi, kubucuruzi bugurisha ibicuruzwa kumurongo. Mu gusoza, ibikorwa remezo bya Pakisitani bitanga uburyo butandukanye bwo koroshya ibicuruzwa haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Kuva ku byambu, umuhanda, gari ya moshi kugera kuri serivisi zitwara imizigo no mu masosiyete yohereza ibicuruzwa - hari ibikoresho byinshi bihari kugira ngo bikemure ibikoresho bitandukanye.

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Pakisitani ni igihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere giherereye muri Aziya y'Epfo, gituwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 220. Nubwo yahuye n’ibibazo by’ubukungu, yashoboye gushyiraho uburyo mpuzamahanga bwo gutanga amasoko no kwakira imurikagurisha rikomeye ry’ubucuruzi. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasuzuma bamwe mubaguzi mpuzamahanga bakomeye muri Pakisitani hamwe n’imurikagurisha rikomeye ryabereye muri iki gihugu. Pakisitani yafatanije n’ibihugu byinshi guteza imbere ubucuruzi no gukurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga. Ubushinwa ni umwe mu bafatanyabikorwa bayo bakomeye mu bucuruzi, hamwe n’amasosiyete menshi y’Abashinwa ashora imari mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubukungu bwa Pakisitani. Umuhanda w’ubukungu w’Ubushinwa na Pakisitani (CPEC) wongereye amahirwe mu bucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu byombi. Byongeye kandi, Pakisitani kandi ifatanya n’ibihugu nka Amerika, Ubwongereza, Ubudage, Arabiya Sawudite, na UAE mu guteza imbere umubano w’ubucuruzi. Ubu bufatanye butuma ishoramari ritaziguye ry’amahanga (FDI) ryinjira mu nganda nk'imyenda, inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (IT), n'ubuhinzi. Mu kwerekana ibicuruzwa byayo no gukurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga baturutse hirya no hino ku isi, Pakisitani yakiriye imurikagurisha ryinshi ry’ubucuruzi mu mwaka wose. Bimwe muribi birimo: 1. Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga y’Imyenda Mpuzamahanga: Iki gikorwa gihuza abakora imyenda bayobora baturutse impande zose z’isi kugira ngo barebe icyerekezo cy’ubucuruzi mu bucuruzi bw’imyenda muri Pakisitani. 2. Expo Pakistan: Yateguwe n’ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’ubucuruzi muri Pakisitani (TDAP), iri murika rigamije kwerekana ibicuruzwa bya Pakisitani mu nzego nyinshi nk’imyenda n’imyenda; ibicuruzwa by'uruhu; ibicuruzwa by'imikino; ibikoresho byo kubaga; ibikoresho byo mu rugo; ubukorikori; ibikomoka ku buhinzi; n'ibindi. 3. ITIF Aziya - Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga n’ubucuruzi bw’inganda: Ni imurikagurisha ngarukamwaka ryerekana imashini zijyanye n’inganda z’imyenda zirimo imashini zidoda imyenda & inganda zikora ibikoresho ndetse na sisitemu yo gukoresha inganda zitita ku karere gusa ahubwo no ku isoko rya Aziya y'Uburasirazuba. 4. Ihuriro ry’ubucuruzi rya Pak-Ubushinwa: Iri huriro rigamije gushimangira umubano w’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu byombi utanga urubuga rwo guhuza abacuruzi baturuka mu nganda zitandukanye. 5. Icyumweru cya Couture Bridal: Iki gikorwa cyibanze ku nganda zerekana imideli yubukwe, zikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga bashishikajwe no kwambara ubukwe bwa Pakisitani n imyambaro gakondo yubukwe. 6. Ibiribwa & Kwakira Pakisitani: Iri murika rikora nk'urubuga rw’abafatanyabikorwa bose mu nganda z’ibiribwa n’abashyitsi kugira ngo berekane ibicuruzwa na serivisi, bikurura abaguzi bo mu karere ndetse n’amahanga. Izi nizo ngero nkeya gusa zingenzi zingenzi zamasoko mpuzamahanga namasoko yubucuruzi Pakistan yakiriye. Ibi bikorwa bigira uruhare runini mu kuzamura ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga, guteza imbere ubukungu, no guhanga imirimo mu nzego zitandukanye mu gihugu.

Imashini zishakisha

Pakisitani ifite imiterere itandukanye kandi igenda yiyongera, hamwe na moteri zishakisha zizwi cyane zikoreshwa nabakoresha interineti. Hano hari moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa muri Pakisitani hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Google (www.google.com.pk): Google niyo moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane kwisi yose, harimo na Pakistan. Itanga ibisubizo byuzuye byubushakashatsi hamwe na serivisi zinyongera nkamakarita, imeri, hamwe nubusobanuro. 2. Bing (www.bing.com): Bing nindi moteri ishakisha izwi cyane ikoreshwa muri Pakisitani. Itanga gushakisha kurubuga, gushakisha amashusho, kuvugurura amakuru, nibindi biranga. 3. Yahoo (www.yahoo.com): Yahoo ni moteri ishakisha izwi cyane itanga gushakisha kurubuga hamwe namakuru agezweho, serivisi za imeri, videwo, amakuru yimari, nibindi byinshi. 4. DuckDuckGo (duckduckgo.com): DuckDuckGo yibanda ku buzima bwite mu gihe cyo gushakisha kuri interineti udakurikirana amakuru y’abakoresha cyangwa ngo ugaragaze ibisubizo bishingiye ku bikorwa byashize. 5 6. Baza.com (www. 7. Ecosia (www.ecosia.org/pk/): Ecosia ni moteri ishakisha ibidukikije yangiza ibidukikije ikoresha inyungu zayo mu gutera ibiti ku isi mu mishinga irambye mu gihe ifasha abakoresha gukora ubushakashatsi buri gihe ku rubuga. 8. Baidu (baidu.pk.baidu-URL1. itanga kandi icyongereza-gushakisha ubushobozi bwo gukoresha isi yose mubushinwa bugera mubihugu bituranye nka Pakisitani. Icyitonderwa: Nyamuneka menya neza ko igikoresho cyawe gifite ingamba zumutekano zikwiye nka software ya antivirus mbere yo kwinjira kurubuga urwo arirwo rwose kugirango wirinde iterabwoba cyangwa ibikorwa bibi kuri interineti.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Muri Pakisitani, hari impapuro nyinshi zumuhondo ububiko butanga ubucuruzi na serivisi amakuru. Hano hari amwe mumapaji yingenzi yumuhondo yigihugu hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Urupapuro rwumuhondo Pakisitani (https://www.yellowpagespakistan.com/) Urupapuro rwumuhondo Pakisitani nubuyobozi bwuzuye kumurongo bwerekana ubucuruzi butandukanye mugihugu. Irimo ibyiciro byinshi nkubuvuzi, uburezi, ubukerarugendo, ubwikorezi, nibindi byinshi. 2. Ubuyobozi bwubucuruzi bwa Pakisitani (http://www.businessdirectory.pk/) Ubucuruzi bwa Pakisitani butanga urutonde rwubucuruzi butandukanye mubice bitandukanye nkubuhinzi, amamodoka, ubwubatsi, imari, nibindi byinshi. Ikora nk'urubuga rwo guhuza abakiriya nubucuruzi bwa Pakisitani. 3. Karachi Snob (http://karachisnob.com/) Karachi Snob nububiko bwihariye bwimpapuro zumuhondo byibanda cyane cyane mumujyi wa Karachi - umwe mumijyi minini muri Pakisitani. Uru rubuga rutanga amakuru ajyanye na resitora, amahoteri, butike yimyambarire, salon yubwiza, nizindi serivisi zijyanye nubuzima. 4. Lahorepage (http://lahorepages.com/) Lahorepages ni urundi rupapuro rwumuhondo rwerekanwe gukorera umujyi wa Lahore - umwe mu mijyi minini yo muri Pakisitani uzwiho amateka n’umuco bikungahaye. Uru rubuga rutanga urutonde rwubucuruzi rwaturutse mu nganda nyinshi. 5. Urupapuro rwa Islamabad (https://www.islamabadpages.com/) Urupapuro rwa Islamabad rwibanze cyane cyane mubucuruzi na serivisi muri Islamabad - umurwa mukuru wa Pakisitani uzwiho ibikorwa remezo bigezweho n'ibigo bya leta. Urubuga rutanga urutonde runini rukubiyemo inganda zitandukanye ziri muri Islamabad. 6. PindiBizPage (https://pindibizpages.pk/) PindiBizPages yita cyane cyane kuri Rawalpindi - umujyi urimo abantu benshi wegereye Islamabad hamwe nubwiza bwihariye hamwe nubucuruzi bwubucuruzi. Abakoresha barashobora kubona amakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi bwaho muri Rawalpindi binyuze muri ubu bubiko. Izi nizo ngero zimwe gusa zerekana impapuro nkuru zumuhondo muri Pakisitani zitanga urubuga kubucuruzi bwo kwerekana serivisi zabo no kubakoresha kugirango babone amakuru afatika. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko hashobora kubaho izindi karere cyangwa inganda zihariye page yumuhondo ububiko burahari.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Pakisitani nigihugu muri Aziya yepfo gifite isoko rya digitale ryiyongera cyane. Hano hari bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi muri Pakisitani hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Daraz.pk - Isoko rinini rya interineti muri Pakisitani, ritanga ibicuruzwa byinshi kuva kuri elegitoroniki kugeza kumyambarire hamwe nibyingenzi murugo. Urubuga: daraz.pk 2. Jumia - Urubuga ruzwi cyane rwa e-ubucuruzi rutanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, harimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imideri, ibikoresho, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: jumia.pk 3. Yayvo.com - Gutanga ibyiciro bitandukanye byibicuruzwa nka electronics, imyenda yimyambarire, ibicuruzwa byiza, ibikoresho byo murugo, nibindi, Yayvo.com ni urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi bugaragara muri Pakisitani. Urubuga: yayvo.com 4- Goto.com. Urubuga: goto.com.pk 5- Shophive - Umushinga wingenzi wa e-ubucuruzi utanga ibikoresho bya elegitoronike nka terefone igendanwa cyangwa mudasobwa zigendanwa hamwe nibindi bikoresho nkibikoresho ndetse n’imikino yo gukina. Urubuga: shophive.com 6- HomeShopping.pk - Uru rubuga rwa interineti rwibanda cyane cyane kuri elegitoroniki y’abaguzi mugihe unagurisha ibindi bintu nkimyenda nibikoresho byo murugo. Urubuga: kugura urugo.pk 7- iShopping.pk - Hamwe nibicuruzwa byinshi bitandukanye uhereye kubikoresho byikoranabuhanga kugeza kubikoresho byubuzima hamwe n imyenda yabagabo / abagore / abana; iShopping itanga korohereza abakiriya ba Pakisitani binyuze kumurongo wa interineti. Urubuga: ishopping.pk 8- Symbios - Kugaburira ibyiciro byinshi byibicuruzwa birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho bya siporo / imyenda cyangwa ubuzima & ibikoresho byubwiza; Symbios itanga amahitamo atandukanye kubiciro byapiganwa. Urubuga: symbios.pk Ni ngombwa kumenya ko uru rutonde rutuzuye kuko urubuga rushya rukomeje kugaragara mu buryo bugenda bwiyongera mu buryo bwa digitale y’urwego rwa interineti rw’ubucuruzi rwa Pakisitani.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Muri Pakisitani, hari imbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane nabenegihugu. Dore urutonde rwa bamwe bazwi hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Facebook: Ni urubuga ruhuza abantu benshi muri Pakisitani. Abantu barayikoresha muguhuza inshuti nimiryango, gusangira amafoto na videwo, no kwinjira mumatsinda atandukanye. URL: www.facebook.com 2. Twitter: Uru rubuga rwa microblogging narwo ruzwi cyane muri Pakisitani. Abakoresha barashobora gusangira ubutumwa bugufi buzwi nka tweet, gukurikira abandi, no gukomeza kugezwaho amakuru agezweho. URL: www.twitter.com 3. Instagram: Azwiho kwibanda ku gusangira amafoto, Instagram imaze kumenyekana cyane muri Pakisitani mu myaka yashize. Abakoresha barashobora gushiraho amashusho cyangwa videwo, gukurikira abandi, gushakisha hashtags zitandukanye, no gukorana binyuze mubitekerezo n'ubutumwa butaziguye. URL: www.instagram.com 4. Snapchat: Iyi porogaramu yohereza ubutumwa bwa multimediya yemerera abakoresha kohereza amafoto cyangwa videwo ngufi zicika nyuma yo kurebwa mugihe runaka. Itanga kandi ibiranga nka filteri, stikeri, lens, hamwe ninkuru zishingiye kumwanya. URL: www.snapchat.com 5.Whatsapp- Nubwo ahanini ifatwa nkurubuga rwohererezanya ubutumwa aho kuba imbuga nkoranyambaga. URL: www.whatsapp.com 6.TikTok- Yabonye iterambere riturika mu rubyiruko rwo muri Pakisitani bakora amashusho yindirimbo ngufi bashyira kuri konti zabo bwite kugirango bashimishe abayoboke babo. URL: www.tiktok.com 7.LinkedIn - Urubuga rwumwuga rwumwuga aho abanyamwuga baturutse mubice bitandukanye bahuza. Nyamuneka menya ko izi ari zimwe mungero zimbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane muri Pakisitani; urubuga rushya rushobora kugaragara mugihe tekinoloji igenda itera imbere

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Pakisitani ifite amashyirahamwe menshi yinganda zifite uruhare runini muguhagararira no guteza imbere inyungu zinzego zitandukanye. Dore amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Pakisitani: 1. Ihuriro ry’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Pakisitani (FPCCI) - FPCCI n’urwego rwo hejuru ruhagarariye ingereko zose z’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Pakisitani. Igamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwiza no kuzamura ubukungu. Urubuga: https://fpcci.org.pk/ 2. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda rwa Lahor (LCCI) - LCCI ni kimwe mu byumba binini byo mu karere, bihagarariye ubucuruzi i Lahore, umurwa mukuru w’intara ya Punjab. Urubuga: https://www.lcci.com.pk/ 3. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda rwa Karachi (KCCI) - KCCI ni urundi rugereko rukomeye rwo mu karere rukubiyemo ubucuruzi bukorera i Karachi, ihuriro ry’imari n’umujyi munini muri Pakisitani. Urubuga: https://www.karachichamber.com/ 4. Ishyirahamwe ry’imyenda yose yo muri Pakisitani (APTMA) - APTMA ihagarariye uruganda rukora imyenda muri Pakisitani, rukaba rufite uruhare runini mu bukungu bw’igihugu. Urubuga: http://aptma.org.pk/ 5. Ishyirahamwe ry’abakora sima bose bo muri Pakisitani (APCMA) - APCMA ikora nkumuryango w’umuryango w’abakora sima muri Pakisitani, ugira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo. Urubuga: https://www.apcma.com/ 6.Ishyirahamwe ry’umuceri w’umuceri muri Pakisitani (APRIMA) - APRIMA ishinzwe guteza imbere ibicuruzwa by’umuceri biva muri Pakisitani. Ihagarariye abasya umuceri hirya no hino. 7.Pakistan Hosiery Inganda n’abatumiza mu mahanga (PHMEA) - PHMEA ihagarariye abakora hosiery / abatumiza mu mahanga bafite uruhare mu bicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro. 8.Ishyirahamwe ry’abakora ibinyabiziga bya Pakisitani (PAMA) - Iri shyirahamwe rigizwe n’ibigo by’imodoka / ababikora biteza imbere ibikorwa by’imodoka muri Pakisitani Izi ni ingero nkeya mu yandi mashyirahamwe menshi y’inganda zikora mu kuzamura iterambere ry’inzego zinyuranye no guharanira inyungu zabo haba ku rwego rw’igihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ukoresheje ubushakashatsi ku mbuga zabo zavuzwe haruguru, urashobora gusobanukirwa byinshi mubijyanye n'inganda za Pakisitani.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Pakisitani, iherereye muri Aziya yepfo, ifite ubukungu butera imbere hamwe nubucuruzi bwinshi. Igihugu gifite imbuga za interineti zikomeye n’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi byorohereza ubucuruzi n’ishoramari mpuzamahanga. Hano hari imbuga za interineti zikomeye zubukungu n’ubucuruzi muri Pakisitani hamwe na URL zijyanye: 1. Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi (MoC): Uru rubuga rwa leta rwemewe rutanga amakuru kuri politiki y’ubucuruzi mu gihugu, amahirwe yo gushora imari, ibyangombwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, hamwe n’imibare ifatika. Urubuga: http://www.commerce.gov.pk/ 2. Akanama gashinzwe ishoramari muri Pakisitani (BOI): BOI yibanda ku guteza imbere ishoramari ritaziguye (FDI) ritanga amakuru akenewe mu nzego z’ingenzi, gushishikariza abashoramari, no koroshya imishinga muri Pakisitani. Urubuga: http://www.boi.gov.pk/ 3. Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi muri Pakisitani (TDAP): TDAP ikora nk'ikiraro gihuza ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Pakisitani n’abaguzi mpuzamahanga mu gutegura imurikagurisha, korohereza inama za B2B, gutanga raporo z’ubushakashatsi ku isoko, no gusangira amakuru ajyanye n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Urubuga: http://www.tdap.gov.pk/ 4. Ihuriro ry’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Pakisitani (FPCCI): FPCCI n’urwego rwo hejuru ruhagarariye ibyumba by’ubucuruzi biva mu turere dutandukanye muri Pakisitani. Ikora mu rwego rwo kurengera inyungu z’ubucuruzi binyuze mu bikorwa byo kunganira abandi mu guteza imbere umubano w’ubucuruzi ku isi hose. Urubuga: http://www.fpcci.org.pk/ 5. Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere imishinga mito n'iciriritse (SMEDA): SMEDA ifasha imishinga mito n'iciriritse (SMEs) itanga serivisi zingoboka nka gahunda ziterambere ryubucuruzi, inyigo yihariye yinganda, gahunda zamahugurwa kuri ba rwiyemezamirimo, no guhuza umutungo. Urubuga: https://smeda.org.pk/ 6. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda rwa Karachi (KCCI): KCCI ihagarariye ubucuruzi bufite icyicaro i Karachi - imwe mu masoko akomeye y’ubucuruzi muri Pakisitani - itanga serivisi zitandukanye zorohereza ubucuruzi mu karere ndetse no ku isi yose. Urubuga: https://www.karachichamber.com/ 7. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda rwa Lahor (LCCI): LCCI ni urundi rugereko rw’ubucuruzi rukomeye, ruhagarariye umuryango w’ubucuruzi i Lahore. Ifite uruhare runini mugutezimbere ubucuruzi no kurengera inyungu zubucuruzi. Urubuga: https://lahorechamber.com/ 8. Isoko ry’imigabane rya Pakisitani (PSX): PSX n’isoko ry’imigabane ya mbere mu gihugu, ritanga urubuga rwiza ku masosiyete yo gushora imari binyuze mu masoko rusange mu gihe atanga abashoramari amahirwe yo gushora imari mu mpapuro zitandukanye. Urubuga: https://www.psx.com.pk/ Izi mbuga nisoko yingenzi kubantu nimiryango ishishikajwe no gushakisha amahirwe yubukungu nubucuruzi muri Pakisitani. Nyamuneka menya ko imbuga zimwe zishobora gusaba kwiyandikisha cyangwa kwiyandikisha kugirango ubone amakuru yihariye.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hariho urubuga rwinshi rwibibazo byubucuruzi kuri Pakisitani. Dore bimwe muribi hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi muri Pakisitani (TDAP): Urubuga rwemewe rwa TDAP rutanga amakuru yuzuye ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga bwa Pakisitani, imibare itumizwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, ibisabwa ku isoko, ndetse n’ubucuruzi. Urashobora kubona amakuru yubucuruzi ukoresheje "Ibarurishamibare" cyangwa "Amakuru Yubucuruzi". Urubuga: https://www.tdap.gov.pk/ 2. Ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare muri Pakisitani (PBS): PBS ishinzwe gukusanya no gutangaza imibare y’ubukungu n’imibereho muri iki gihugu. Batanga amakuru arambuye yubucuruzi na raporo zirimo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, impirimbanyi z’ubucuruzi, ihungabana ry’igihugu, n'ibindi. Urubuga: http://www.pbs.gov.pk/ 3. Banki ya Leta ya Pakisitani (SBP): Nka banki nkuru y’igihugu, SBP itanga amakuru y’ubukungu atandukanye harimo ububiko bw’ivunjisha, amafaranga asigaye kuri konti, amafaranga yishyuwe, imibare yatumijwe mu mahanga n'ibindi. Urubuga: https://www.sbp.org.pk/ 4. Ikigo gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro n'amahoro (FBR): FBR ishinzwe gucunga imisoro muri Pakisitani. Batanga amakuru ku gipimo cy’amahoro ya gasutamo n’amahoro kimwe n’amabwiriza ajyanye no gutumiza mu mahanga. Urubuga: http://www.fbr.gov.pk/ 5. Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’inganda z’imyenda: Urubuga rwa minisiteri rutanga amakuru kuri politiki yo guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ndetse no kugera ku bubiko bw’ibanze bukubiyemo ibisobanuro birambuye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa. Urubuga: http://commerce.gov.pk/ Nyamuneka menya ko imbuga zimwe zavuzwe haruguru zishobora gusaba kwiyandikisha cyangwa kugendagenda kugirango ubone amakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi cyangwa inyandiko zirambuye. Birasabwa gusura izi mbuga zemewe kugirango ubone amakuru yukuri kandi agezweho aho kwishingikiriza gusa kumurongo wigice cyagatatu cyangwa amasoko atemewe.

B2b

Pakisitani nubukungu bugenda buzamuka hibandwa cyane mugutezimbere urwego rwa B2B. Hano hari Pakisitani nyinshi za B2B zihuza ubucuruzi no koroshya ubucuruzi mugihugu ndetse no kwisi yose. Dore bimwe mubigaragara hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Tradekey (https://www.tradekey.com/): Tradekey nimwe murubuga rwa mbere rwa B2B muri Pakisitani, ruhuza abaguzi nabatanga ibicuruzwa biva mu nganda zitandukanye kwisi. 2. Alibaba Pakisitani (https://www.alibaba.com/countrysearch/PK/pakistan.html): Alibaba, urubuga ruzwi cyane rwa B2B ku isi, rufite igice cyihariye cy’abatanga ibicuruzwa n’abakora ibicuruzwa muri Pakisitani kugira ngo berekane ibicuruzwa byabo ku baguzi mpuzamahanga. 3. Abahinde bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga (https://pakistan.exportersindia.com/): Abashoramari bo mu Buhinde batanga urubuga ku bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bo muri Pakisitani kugira ngo bahuze n'abashobora kugura ku isi hose no kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa byabo ku rwego mpuzamahanga. 4. Eworldtrade (https://www.pakistanbusinessdirectory. 5. Pakbiz (http://pakbiz.com/): Pakbiz ikora nk'isoko rya interineti aho ubucuruzi bwa Pakisitani bushobora gutondekanya ibicuruzwa / serivisi, guhuza abakiriya bashobora kuba abakiriya ndetse no mumahanga, no kwagura abakiriya babo. 6 Izi ni ingero nke gusa za platform ya B2B izwi muri Pakisitani; hashobora kubaho izindi mbuga zihariye zijyanye n'inganda zihariye. Nibyingenzi kubucuruzi gukora ubushakashatsi kuriyi mbuga no guhitamo imwe ibereye kubyo bakeneye kugirango bashakishe amahirwe mashya yubucuruzi imbere mu gihugu ndetse no kwisi yose.