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Incamake y'igihugu
Zambiya ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Afurika y'Epfo. Irahana imbibi n'ibihugu 8, birimo Tanzaniya mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, Malawi mu burasirazuba, Mozambike mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba, Zimbabwe mu majyepfo, Botswana na Namibiya mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, Angola mu burengerazuba, na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo mu majyaruguru. Umurwa mukuru wa Zambiya ni Lusaka. Ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 752.612 (kilometero kare 290.586), Zambiya izwiho imiterere itandukanye. Igihugu cyiganjemo ibibaya binini n'imisozi miremire bivangwa n'inzuzi n'ibiyaga byinshi. Umugezi uzwi cyane muri Zambiya ni uruzi rwa Zambezi, narwo rugira imbibi karemano na Zimbabwe. Abaturage ba Zambiya barenga miliyoni 19 z'abantu bo mu moko atandukanye nka Bemba (ubwoko bunini), Tonga, Chewa, Lozi na Lunda n'abandi. Icyongereza kizwi nkururimi rwemewe hamwe nindimi nyinshi kavukire zivugwa mugihugu cyose. Mu bukungu, Zambiya yishingikiriza cyane ku bucukuzi bw'umuringa kuko bufite ububiko bukomeye bw'umuringa. Ubuhinzi nabwo bugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwabwo n’ibihingwa binini ari ibigori (ibigori), itabi, ipamba, hamwe nubutaka (ibishyimbo). Ubukerarugendo bwagiye bwiyongera mu myaka yashize kubera ibyiza nyaburanga nka Victoria Falls - imwe mu masoko manini ku isi asanganywe hagati ya Zambiya na Zimbabwe - parike y’igihugu yuzuyemo inyamaswa zitandukanye nk'inzovu, imvubu, intare, ndetse n'ubwoko bwinshi bw'inyoni. Icyakora, Zambiya ihura n’ibibazo byinshi birimo ubukene, ubusumbane bukabije bw’amafaranga, hamwe no kubona uburyo budahagije ku bigo nderabuzima; icyakora, guverinoma yashyize ingufu mu kunoza ibyo bibazo.Zambiya yagiye itera imbere mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubukungu n’ubukungu nk’igipimo cy’abanyeshuri biga, amahirwe yo kubona abakobwa, intego z’iterambere rirambye. Mu gusoza, Zambiya itanga uruvange rwihariye rwubwiza nyaburanga, umurage ukungahaye ku muco, inganda zikora ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’amabuye, hamwe n’inyamanswa nyinshi ku buryo ari ahantu hashimishije haba ku bakerarugendo ndetse no ku bashoramari.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Zambiya, igihugu kidafite inkombe mu majyepfo ya Afurika, ikoresha Kwacha ya Zambiya (ZMK) nk'ifaranga ryayo. Kwacha igabanijwemo 100 ngwee. Ifaranga ryatangijwe mu 1968 kugirango risimbuze ifaranga ryabanje, pound ya Zambiya. Mu myaka yashize, Zambiya yahuye n’imihindagurikire y’ifaranga ryayo bitewe n’ibintu bitandukanye nk’ifaranga n’ibibazo by’ubukungu. Mbere, mbere ya 2013, kwacha yari yarakoze imyitozo ya redenomination aho zeru zamanuwe ku gaciro kayo kugirango zirwanye igipimo cy’ifaranga ryinshi. Agaciro ka Zambiya kwacha ugereranije nandi mafranga akomeye arashobora gutandukana. Kurugero, guhera muri Nzeri 2021, idorari rimwe ryamerika rihwanye na kwacha 21 za Zambiya. Icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko igipimo cy’ivunjisha gihindagurika buri gihe kandi gishobora guhinduka bitewe n’ubukungu bw’isi ndetse n’isoko ry’ibanze. Kugira ngo umutekano uhamye no gucunga itangwa ry’ifaranga mu bukungu bwa Zambiya, Banki ya Zambiya ikora nka banki nkuru y’igihugu ishinzwe gutanga no kugenzura politiki y’ifaranga. Ba mukerarugendo basura Zambiya bagomba gutekereza kuvunja amafaranga y’amahanga muri Zambiya kwachas ku biro by’ivunjisha byemewe cyangwa amabanki bahageze. Ikarita y'inguzanyo nayo isanzwe yemerwa mumijyi minini hamwe n’ubukerarugendo; icyakora, nibyiza gutwara amafaranga kubigo bito cyangwa uturere dufite amakarita make. Muri rusange, kimwe n’ifaranga ry’ibihugu byinshi ku isi, imiterere ya Zambiya ku bijyanye n’ifaranga ryayo irashobora guterwa n’ibintu bitandukanye by’ubukungu bigira ingaruka ku gaciro kayo ugereranije n’andi mafaranga mpuzamahanga.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe ryemewe rya Zambiya ni Zambiya Kwacha (ZMW). Nkamakuru aheruka kuboneka, igipimo cyivunjisha kumafaranga amwe amwe ni hafi gutya: 1 US $ (USD) = 13.57 ZMW 1 Euro (EUR) = 15.94 ZMW Pound 1 y'Abongereza (GBP) = 18.73 ZMW Nyamuneka menya ko ibiciro byivunjisha bishobora gutandukana mugihe bitewe nihindagurika ryisoko ryivunjisha. Buri gihe birasabwa kugenzura hamwe nisoko ryizewe cyangwa ikigo cyimari kubiciro bigezweho kandi byukuri mbere yo gukora ibicuruzwa.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Zambiya, igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Afrika yepfo, cyizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi yumwaka. Iyi minsi mikuru ifite akamaro gakomeye mumateka namateka kubaturage bigihugu. Reka mbamenyeshe muri make iminsi itatu mikuru ikomeye ya Zambiya. 1. Umunsi wubwigenge (24 Ukwakira): Zambiya yizihije umunsi w’ubwigenge ku ya 24 Ukwakira, bizihiza umunsi mu 1964 ubwo yabonaga umudendezo ku butegetsi bw’abakoloni b'Abongereza. Iyi minsi mikuru y'igihugu irangwa n'ibikorwa bitandukanye, birimo parade, kwerekana umuco, ibitaramo bya muzika, na disikuru zatanzwe n'abayobozi. Abantu baraterana kugirango bishimire ubusugire bwigihugu cyabo kandi batekereze kubyo Zambiya iharanira ubwigenge. 2. Umunsi w'abakozi (1 Gicurasi): Umunsi w'abakozi wizihizwa ku ya 1 Gicurasi kugira ngo hubahirizwe uruhare rw'abakozi muri sosiyete no kwerekana uburenganzira bwabo n'inyungu zabo. Ni umunsi w'ikiruhuko ushimangira akamaro k'imibereho myiza y'abakozi mu kubaka igihugu gitera imbere. Kuri uyumunsi, ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe y’abakozi ategura imyigaragambyo n’urugendo ruharanira ko akazi gakorwa neza ndetse anategura ibikorwa byo kwidagadura nk’amarushanwa ya siporo cyangwa picnike hagamijwe guteza imbere ubumwe bw’abaturage. 3. Umunsi w'ubumwe (18 Nyakanga): Umunsi w’ubumwe wizihizwa ku ya 18 Nyakanga buri mwaka kugira ngo bizihize amoko atandukanye ya Zambiya babana neza nk’igihugu kimwe kuva cyigenga mu 1964. Uyu munsi mukuru ugamije guteza imbere ubumwe bw’igihugu mu gihe twemera kandi dushima umurage gakondo wa Zambiya. Abantu bitabira imbyino gakondo, ibitaramo bya muzika byerekana imigenzo itandukanye ishingiye ku moko yatewe na Bemba, Nyanja, Tonga nimiryango, bituma bubahana hagati yabaturage batuye muri Zambiya. Iyi minsi mikuru ntabwo igira uruhare runini mu kubahiriza ibirori cyangwa amahame akomeye gusa ahubwo inahuriza hamwe abanya Zambiya mugihe bitabira ibirori bishimangira kumva ishema ryigihugu nubumwe hagati yabo.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Zambiya ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu majyepfo ya Afurika. Azwiho umutungo kamere ukungahaye, harimo umuringa, cobalt, nandi mabuye y'agaciro. Ubukungu bw'igihugu bushingiye cyane ku bikorwa by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, umuringa ukaba wohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ubucuruzi bwa Zambiya burangwa ahanini no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze n'amabuye y'agaciro. Umuringa na cobalt bifite igice kinini cy’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, bigira uruhare mu kwinjiza amadovize. Aya mabuye y'agaciro yoherezwa mu bihugu nk'Ubushinwa, Ubusuwisi, Ubuhinde, Afurika y'Epfo, n'Ubuyapani. Mu myaka yashize, Zambiya yagiye ishyira ingufu mu kuzamura ubukungu bwayo no kugabanya gushingira ku byoherezwa mu muringa. Guverinoma yagiye iteza imbere ishoramari mu nzego nk'ubuhinzi, inganda, ubukerarugendo, umusaruro w'ingufu (harimo n'amashanyarazi), inganda zubaka na serivisi. Ibikomoka ku buhinzi nkitabi, ibikomoka ku bisukari nka sukari na molase; ibigori; amavuta yo kurya; soya ibishyimbo; ifu y'ingano; inyama z'inka; imbuto nshya n'imboga nabyo ni ibicuruzwa byingenzi byoherezwa muri Zambiya. Nyamara balance impirimbanyi z’ubucuruzi muri Zambiya muri rusange zabaye mbi kubera gutumizwa mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa byakozwe bigatuma ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bisohoka. Ibihugu nka Afurika yepfo ， Ubushinwa ， United Arab Emirates 、 Ubuhinde Arab Arabiya Sawudite ， Congo DR yabaye isoko ikomeye y’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe muri Zambiya birimo imodoka ； imashini ； amavuta ashingiye kuri peteroli / parufe / cosmetike, sima, imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi / igice n'ibindi. Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi agira uruhare runini mu koroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga kuri Zambiya。Ni igice cy’umuryango w’ubukungu bw’akarere nk’umuryango w’iterambere ry’Afurika yepfo (SADC) Market Isoko rusange ry’Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo (COMESA) ritanga isoko ry’ibanze mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango. Byongeye kandi ， Z 能够 利用 GSP (Ibyifuzo bya sisitemu rusange) 这一 国际 贸易 安排。 这种 制度 使得 赞比亚 的 一些 进入 发达国家 较低 ， 从而 促进 了 其 发展。。 Muri rusange, ubucuruzi bwa Zambiya bushingiye cyane ku mutungo kamere, cyane cyane ibyoherezwa mu muringa na cobalt. Igihugu kirimo gushyira ingufu mu gutandukanya ubukungu bwacyo no kugabanya kwishingira ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga mu gihe bizakomeza iterambere mu rwego rwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.
Iterambere ryisoko
Zambiya ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu majyepfo ya Afurika. Ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ryubucuruzi bwamahanga. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bya Zambiya ni umutungo kamere wacyo, cyane cyane umuringa. Iki gihugu ni kimwe mu bihugu bitanga ibicuruzwa byinshi kandi byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga muri Afurika, bingana igice kinini cy’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Kubera ko isi igenda ikenera umuringa, Zambiya irashobora kubyaza umusaruro uyu mutungo kugira ngo ikurure abashoramari b’amahanga no kwagura ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Usibye umuringa, Zambiya ifite kandi amabuye y'agaciro nka cobalt, zahabu, n'amabuye y'agaciro. Ibikoresho bitanga amahirwe yo gutandukana no kwaguka mubice bitandukanye byisoko ryisi. Byongeye kandi, Zambiya ifite ibihe byiza by’ubuhinzi bifasha gutanga umusaruro utandukanye nk'ibigori, itabi, ipamba, soya, n'ibisheke. Igihugu gifite inyungu zigereranijwe mu buhinzi bitewe n'ubutaka burumbuka ndetse n'ikirere gikwiye. Mu kuzamura umusaruro w’ubuhinzi no gukoresha tekiniki y’ubuhinzi igezweho, Zambiya irashobora kuzamura ibicuruzwa biva mu buhinzi ku masoko yo mu karere ndetse n’amahanga. Zambiya iherereye mu karere k’iterambere ry’Afurika yepfo (SADC) ifite amahirwe yo kugera mu bihugu duturanye nka Zimbabwe, Mozambike, Tanzaniya, Malawi bitanga amahirwe meza yo guhuza ubucuruzi mu karere. Mu kurushaho kunoza ibikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu ku mipaka no gushora imari mu bikoresho nk’ibyambu cyangwa ibibuga by’indege byo mu karere bishobora guteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma ya Zambiya yashyize mu bikorwa politiki igamije gukurura ishoramari ritaziguye (FDI). Ibi bikubiyemo gutanga imisoro ku bashoramari, gutangiza ivugurura ryorohereza ubucuruzi, no gushyiraho uduce twihariye tw’ubukungu. Usibye kandi, ibihugu bigenda birushaho gushakisha amasoko mashya kurenza abafatanyabikorwa b’ubucuruzi gakondo. Ukurikije ibyo bikorwa, ba rwiyemezamirimo bo muri Zambiya bafite amahirwe yo gutandukanya ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bagamije intego ubukungu bugaragara nk'Ubushinwa cyangwa Ubuhinde. Icyakora, Zambiya iracyafite imbogamizi nkibikorwa remezo bidahagije, nkimihanda, gari ya moshi, n’amashanyarazi bishobora kubangamira urujya n'uruza rw’ibicuruzwa biva mu bicuruzwa. Zambiya izakenera imbaraga z’ubufatanye hagati y’abikorera n’abikorera mu kuzamura iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo. Mu gusoza, Zambiya ifite imbaraga zidasanzwe zikoreshwa ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Hamwe n’umutungo kamere utandukanye, urwego rw’ubuhinzi, aho uherereye mu karere ka SADC, hamwe na politiki nziza ya guverinoma, igihugu gishobora gukurura ishoramari ryinshi ry’amahanga no kwagura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Gukemura ibibazo remezo bizagira uruhare runini mugukingura ubushobozi bwa Zambiya.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ku bijyanye no kumenya ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga rya Zambiya, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibyo igihugu gikeneye, ibyo gikunda, ndetse n’ubukungu bwifashe. Hano hari intambwe zingenzi zokuyobora muguhitamo ibicuruzwa: 1. Ubushakashatsi bukenewe ku isoko: Tangira ukora ubushakashatsi ku isoko rikenewe muri Zambiya. Ibi bikubiyemo gusesengura ibyo abakiriya bakeneye kandi bakeneye, kimwe n'ibigenda bigaragara. Wibande ku nzego nk'ubuhinzi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ubwubatsi, ingufu, ubukerarugendo, n'inganda. 2. Sobanukirwa n’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga: Menyera amabwiriza yo gutumiza mu mahanga n’ibisabwa na guverinoma ya Zambiya. Menya neza ko ibicuruzwa watoranije byubahiriza aya mabwiriza kugirango wirinde ibibazo byemewe n'amategeko. 3. Reba ubushobozi bwibikorwa byaho: Suzuma niba ibicuruzwa bisa bishobora gukorerwa mu gihugu imbere cyangwa niba hari amahirwe kubakora ibicuruzwa cyangwa abatanga ibicuruzwa kugirango babone ibicuruzwa byihariye. 4. Menya inyungu zipiganwa: Shakisha ibicuruzwa bitanga inyungu zo guhatanira amasoko ariho ku isoko rya Zambiya. Ibi bishobora kubamo ibintu byihariye cyangwa ubuziranenge bwo hejuru ku giciro cyiza. 5. Shyira imbere ibicuruzwa byingenzi: Reba ibikenewe byibanze nkibiribwa (bitangirika), ibikoresho byubuzima (imiti, ibikoresho byubuvuzi), ibikomoka ku isuku (amasabune, isuku), nibikoresho byo mu rugo bihendutse bikenera ibisabwa hatitawe ku ihindagurika ry’ubukungu. 6. Ibisubizo by’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa: Hamwe n’impungenge ziyongera ku bijyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije muri Zambiya, hari isoko rishobora gukoreshwa n’ikoranabuhanga rishobora kongera ingufu nk’izuba cyangwa imirasire y’umuyaga. 7. Gutezimbere ubufatanye nubucuruzi bwaho: Umaze kumenya amahirwe yibicuruzwa hashingiwe kubushakashatsi nisesengura byavuzwe haruguru bifatanya nubucuruzi bwaho kugirango bishyigikire iterambere ryabo haba mubitumizwa hanze cyangwa gufatanya guteza imbere imirongo mishya yibicuruzwa bikwiranye n’abaguzi ba Zambiya. Wibuke ko guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere ari ngombwa iyo winjiye ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi ry’amahanga harimo na Zambiya - witegure guhindura ibicuruzwa byawe bishingiye ku bitekerezo by’abaguzi no guhindura ibyifuzo byiganje ku isoko.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Zambiya iherereye muri Afurika y'Epfo, izwiho imico itandukanye ndetse n'ubwiza nyaburanga. Hatuwe n’abaturage barenga miliyoni 18, abaturage ba Zambiya bazwiho kuba urugwiro no kwakira neza abashyitsi. Ikintu kimwe cyingenzi kiranga abakiriya muri Zambiya ni ugushimangira umubano wabo. Kubaka ikizere no gushiraho umubano nabakiriya ningirakamaro kugirango imikoranire myiza igerweho. Gufata umwanya wo kwishora mubiganiro bito no kwerekana ko ushishikajwe nubuzima bwabo byerekana kubaha no guteza imbere umubano mwiza. Ikindi kintu cyingenzi tugomba kumenya ni ugushimira kwihangana no guhinduka mugihe ukorana nabakiriya muri Zambiya. Igihe gishobora kubonwa ukundi, ni ngombwa rero gufata inzira yoroheje mugihe cy'imishyikirano cyangwa inama kuko gutinda bishobora kubaho nta nteguza. Kugaragaza imyumvire bizafasha gukomeza umubano mwiza nabakiriya ba Zambiya. Ku bijyanye na kirazira cyangwa ingingo zoroshye zigomba kwirindwa mugihe cyibiganiro byubucuruzi, ibibazo bya politiki bigomba kwegerwa ubwitonzi. Mugihe rimwe na rimwe byanze bikunze kubera iterambere rikomeje cyangwa ibyabaye muri iki gihe, kwerekana ibitekerezo bitabogamye birashobora gukumira ubwumvikane buke cyangwa icyaha. Byongeye kandi, kuganira kumigenzo gakondo cyangwa umuco gakondo wiyubashye birashobora kuganisha kumikoranire myiza nabakiriya ba Zambiya; ariko, irinde gutanga ibitekerezo kubyerekeye imyizerere cyangwa imigenzo y'umuntu ku giti cye bishingiye gusa kuri rusange kubyerekeye igihugu. Ubwanyuma, kumenya imbogamizi zururimi no guhuza itumanaho bikurikije bizorohereza cyane imikoranire nabakiriya ba Zambiya. Nubwo icyongereza kivugwa cyane mu mijyi nkimwe mundimi zemewe na Zambiya hamwe nindimi kavukire zitandukanye nka Bemba na Nyanja byibanda ku kuvuga neza mu gihe kwirinda amagambo asebanya bizamura imyumvire mu biganiro. Mugushimira akamaro ko kubaka umubano ushingiye ku kwizerana no kubahiriza umuco w’umuco mugihe ukorana nabakiriya ba Zambiya, ubucuruzi bushobora gushiraho ubufatanye burambye mugihe bugenda neza kuri gasutamo.
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Zambiya, igihugu kidafite inkombe mu majyepfo ya Afurika, gifite amabwiriza yihariye ya gasutamo n’abinjira n'abasohoka agomba gukurikizwa igihe yinjira cyangwa asohoka mu gihugu. Imicungire ya gasutamo muri Zambiya ikorwa n’ikigo gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro ya Zambiya (ZRA). ZRA ishinzwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, gukusanya imisoro, gukumira ibikorwa bya magendu, no kubahiriza amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi. Iyo winjiye muri Zambiya, uzasabwa kuzuza urupapuro rwerekana imenyekanisha rya gasutamo aho utangariza ibintu byose bifite agaciro uzana mu gihugu. Ni ngombwa kuzuza iyi fomu mubyukuri kugirango wirinde ingorane zose mugihe wasuye. Hariho ibibujijwe kubintu bishobora kuzanwa cyangwa gukurwa muri Zambiya. Ibicuruzwa bimwe bishobora gusaba uruhushya cyangwa kwishyura imisoro ya gasutamo. Ibintu bibujijwe birimo imbunda n’amasasu nta burenganzira bubifitiye uburenganzira, ibiyobyabwenge n’ibiyobyabwenge, ifaranga ryiganano cyangwa ibicuruzwa bibangamira amategeko y’uburenganzira. Kuzana amatungo birashobora gusaba ibyemezo byamatungo byerekana inkingo. Ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ko hari imbogamizi ku mubare w'amafaranga y'amahanga umuntu ashobora kuzana cyangwa gukuramo Zambiya. Niba utwaye amadolari arenga 5,000 (cyangwa ahwanye) mumafaranga, agomba gutangazwa kuri gasutamo ukihagera cyangwa ugiye. Iyo bava muri Zambiya, ba mukerarugendo barashobora gusaba gusubizwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) wishyuwe ku bicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa byaguzwe mu minsi 30 mbere yo kuva mu gihugu. Menya neza ko ubika inyemezabwishyu zose kubyo waguze kuko bizasabwa kwishyurwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro kuri konti zabigenewe mbere yo kugenda. Guverinoma ya Zambiya ifatana uburemere amabwiriza ya gasutamo; ni ngombwa rero kubahiriza amategeko n'amabwiriza yose yatanzwe n'abayobozi iyo binjiye cyangwa bava mu gihugu. Kutabikora birashobora kuvamo ihazabu cyangwa no gukurikiranwa n'amategeko. Buri gihe ni byiza kugenzura na ambasade / konsulasi y’ibanze mbere y’urugendo kugira ngo umenye amakuru agezweho ku bisabwa byihariye byashyizweho na guverinoma ya Zambiya ku bijyanye n’amabwiriza agenga ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bitarangira uhuye n’ibibazo bitari ngombwa mu rugendo rwawe.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Zambiya iherereye mu majyepfo ya Afurika, ifite politiki yihariye yo gutumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu. Umusoro ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bivuga imisoro yakwa ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu gihugu kandi bigakusanywa n'abashinzwe za gasutamo iyo byinjiye. Igipimo cy’amahoro yatumijwe muri Zambiya kiratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Mubisanzwe, ibicuruzwa bigabanijwe mubyiciro bitandukanye hamwe nigipimo cyamahoro. Ibyo byiciro birimo ibikoresho fatizo, ibicuruzwa bigereranijwe, ibicuruzwa byarangiye, nibintu byabaguzi. Kubikoresho fatizo nibicuruzwa bigereranijwe bifatwa nkibyingenzi mu musaruro w’imbere mu gihugu cyangwa mu nganda, imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga cyangwa imisoro irashobora gutangwa kugira ngo ishishikarize inganda n’iterambere ry’ubukungu. Iyi politiki igamije kugabanya gushingira ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga mu gihe biteza imbere kwihaza mu nganda zimwe na zimwe. Ku rundi ruhande, imisoro ihanitse itumizwa mu mahanga akenshi ishyirwa ku bicuruzwa byarangiye bishobora gukorerwa mu gihugu imbere. Ubu buryo burinda inganda zaho guhatanira ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bihendutse kandi bigashishikariza abaguzi kugura ibicuruzwa byakorewe mu karere aho. Usibye iyi misoro isanzwe itumizwa mu mahanga ishingiye ku byiciro by’ibicuruzwa, hashobora kubaho imisoro yinyongera nkumusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) ukurikizwa aho winjiye. Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro usanzwe usabwa nkijanisha ryagaciro k'ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Twabibutsa ko Zambiya isuzuma buri gihe politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga kugira ngo ihuze n’imiterere y’ubukungu n’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu cyangwa amashyirahamwe y’akarere nka COMESA (Isoko rusange ry’Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo). Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa ko abacuruzi cyangwa abantu bashaka amakuru ajyanye n’imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa byabo kugira ngo babaze inzego za Leta zibishinzwe nk’ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo cyangwa amashyirahamwe y’ubucuruzi. Ibi bisobanuro bigufi bitanga incamake yuburyo rusange bwa Zambiya mugutumiza ibicuruzwa hamwe na politiki bijyanye n’imisoro bijyanye. Ushaka amakuru arambuye yerekeye ibyiciro byibicuruzwa cyangwa ivugururwa rya vuba mu miterere y’ibiciro byemejwe na Zambiya, birasabwa kwifashisha amasoko yemewe cyangwa kugisha inama impuguke zimenyereye amategeko agenga iki gihugu
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Zambiya, igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Afurika y'Epfo, gifite ubukungu butandukanye bushingiye cyane ku byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigengwa na politiki yihariye y’imisoro igamije guteza imbere ubukungu no kurengera inganda zaho. Zambiya ishyira mu bikorwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) ku bicuruzwa na serivisi byinshi, harimo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Igipimo gisanzwe cya TVA gishyizwe kuri 16%. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bikorerwa mu gihugu ubusanzwe bishyirwa kuri zeru ku nyongeragaciro, bivuze ko basonewe imisoro yo mu gihugu kugira ngo bashishikarize ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Byongeye kandi, Zambiya ikora ku butegetsi rusange bw’ibiciro byo hanze (CET) nkumunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu bya Afurika yepfo (SACU). Iyi politiki itanga imisoro imwe n’imisoro ku bicuruzwa biva mu bihugu nka Afurika y'Epfo, Namibiya, Swaziland, Lesotho, na Botswana. Igamije gushyiraho urwego rukinirwaho rwubucuruzi mu gukumira ubusumbane bw’ubucuruzi buterwa n’imiterere y’imisoro itandukanye. Ibyoherezwa muri Zambiya birashobora gutangwa ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye byoherezwa mu mahanga bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa. Kurugero, amabuye y'agaciro nk'umuringa na cobalt atanga umusoro wohereza hanze ukurikije agaciro k'isoko cyangwa ingano yoherejwe hanze. Aya mahoro afasha kwinjiza leta mu gihe agenga ibyoherezwa mu mahanga by’umutungo kamere. Usibye politiki y’imisoro yihariye yoherezwa mu mahanga, Zambiya inatanga ingamba zimwe na zimwe zigamije gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga no gushishikariza ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ba rwiyemezamirimo bakora mu buhinzi cyangwa mu nganda barashobora kungukirwa no kugabanya umusoro ku nyungu z’amasosiyete cyangwa gusonerwa mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Ni ngombwa ko abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bakorera muri Zambiya bakomeza kuvugururwa n’impinduka cyangwa ubugororangingo bwakozwe n’inzego zibishinzwe bijyanye na politiki y’imisoro ijyanye n’ibicuruzwa byabo cyangwa urwego rw’inganda. Gusobanukirwa naya mabwiriza birashobora gufasha ubucuruzi kugendana imisoro igoye mugihe hagaragara inyungu nyinshi mumasoko yabo mumahanga.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Zambiya, igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu majyepfo ya Afurika, gifite ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byoherezwa mu mahanga bisaba ibyemezo bikwiye kugira ngo ubuziranenge kandi bwubahirizwe n’ibipimo mpuzamahanga. Icyemezo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Zambiya cyoroherezwa cyane cyane n’ibiro bishinzwe ubuziranenge bwa Zambiya (ZABS) n’izindi nzego za Leta zibishinzwe. Kimwe mu bicuruzwa byingenzi byoherezwa muri Zambiya ni umuringa. Nka kimwe mu bitanga umuringa munini muri Afurika, Zambiya iremeza ko ibyoherezwa mu muringa byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga binyuze mu mpamyabumenyi zitandukanye. ZABS itanga serivisi zemeza nka ISO 9001 kuri sisitemu yo gucunga neza na ISO 14001 kuri sisitemu yo gucunga ibidukikije. Usibye umuringa, Zambiya nayo yohereza ibicuruzwa mu buhinzi nk'itabi, ibigori, soya, n'ikawa. Kugirango dushyigikire ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, hasabwa ibyemezo bijyanye n’umutekano w’ibiribwa n’ubuhinzi-mwimerere. ZABS itanga ibyemezo nka HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points) kuri sisitemu yo gucunga ibiribwa hamwe nicyemezo cya Organic kubicuruzwa kama. Usibye ibicuruzwa, Zambiya ifite kandi inganda zigenda ziyongera zitanga ibicuruzwa byarangiye nk'imyenda, ibicuruzwa by'uruhu, imiti, n'imashini. Ibi bintu birashobora gusaba ibyemezo byihariye bitewe namasoko bagenewe cyangwa inganda bakorera. Kurugero, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bishobora gukenera kubahiriza Oeko-Tex Standard 100 yemeza ko nta bintu byangiza biboneka mu mwenda. Ni ngombwa ko abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Zambiya babona ibyemezo byihariye by’ibicuruzwa bitujuje ibyangombwa mpuzamahanga gusa ahubwo banazamura isoko ryabo ku isi. Izi mpamyabumenyi zizeza abashobora kugura urwego rwiza rwibicuruzwa no kubahiriza ibipimo byisi. Muri rusange, kubona ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga bifasha kurinda izina rya Zambiya nk'umuntu utanga ibicuruzwa byizewe mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubucuruzi n'ibindi bihugu ku isi.
Basabwe ibikoresho
Zambiya ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu majyepfo ya Afurika. N’ubwo imbogamizi zishingiye ku turere, igihugu cyateye intambwe igaragara mu guteza imbere urusobe rw’ibikoresho kugira ngo byorohereze ubucuruzi n’ubukungu. Uburyo nyamukuru bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa muri Zambiya ni ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda. Umuhanda wumuhanda ureshya na kilometero zirenga 91.000, uhuza imijyi niyindi mijyi mugihugu. Umuhanda munini wo mu majyaruguru ukora nk'umuhanda ukomeye wo gutwara abantu, uhuza Zambiya na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo na Tanzaniya. Ku bicuruzwa mpuzamahanga, Zambiya ifite ibyambu byinshi byinjira. Icyambu cya Dar es Salaam muri Tanzaniya gikunze gukoreshwa mu gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga hakoreshejwe ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja. Kuva aho, ibicuruzwa birashobora gutwarwa mumihanda cyangwa gari ya moshi ahantu hatandukanye muri Zambiya. Inzira y'amazi yo mu gihugu nayo igira uruhare mu gutwara ibicuruzwa mu gihugu. Umugezi wa Zambezi ni inzira nini y'amazi yo gutwara imizigo myinshi nk'amabuye y'agaciro n'umusaruro w'ubuhinzi. Icyakora, twakagombye kumenya ko ubu buryo bwo gutwara abantu budashobora kuba bubereye ubwoko bwose bwimizigo kubera imbogamizi zo kugenda. Sisitemu ya gari ya moshi ya Zambiya igira uruhare runini mu koroshya ubucuruzi bw'akarere. Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi wa Tanzaniya-Zambiya (TAZARA) ukorera hagati ya Kapiri Mposhi rwagati muri Zambiya no ku cyambu cya Dar es Salaam muri Tanzaniya, utanga ubundi buryo bwo gutwara abantu n'ibintu byoherezwa mu mahanga. Mu myaka yashize, habaye imbaraga zo kunoza imiyoboro y’ikirere muri Zambiya. Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kenneth Kaunda i Lusaka nicyo kibuga kinini kinini mu gihugu kandi kikaba ihuriro rikuru rya serivisi z’indege zo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Iyo usuzumye uburyo bwo gutanga ibikoresho muri Zambiya, birasabwa gukorana n’amasosiyete yashinzwe ibikoresho by’ibanze afite uburambe bwo gukemura ibibazo remezo by’igihugu. Izi sosiyete zirashobora gutanga ibisubizo byihariye bishingiye kubisabwa byihariye nko kumva igihe cyangwa ubwoko bw'imizigo. Muri rusange, mu gihe Zambiya ihura n’ibibazo bimwe na bimwe by’ibikoresho bitewe n’ahantu hadafite inkombe, yateje imbere umuyoboro mugari hamwe no kugera ku byambu binyuze mu bihugu by’abaturanyi bifasha koroshya ibicuruzwa. Mugukoresha uburyo bwo gutwara abantu buhari no gukorana nabafatanyabikorwa bizewe, ibikoresho birashobora kugendagenda neza muri Zambiya.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Zambiya ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu majyepfo ya Afurika. Azwiho umutungo kamere utandukanye, harimo umuringa, cobalt, n'ibikomoka ku buhinzi nk'ibigori, itabi, n'ibisheke. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hari inzira nyinshi zingenzi zitanga amasoko n’ubucuruzi byerekana uruhare mu iterambere ry’ubukungu. Imwe mu nzira zikomeye zitanga amasoko muri Zambiya ni urwego rw'amabuye y'agaciro. Amabuye y'agaciro akungahaye muri iki gihugu akurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga benshi mu nganda nk'imashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro, ibikoresho, ikoranabuhanga, na serivisi. Aba baguzi bakunze gukorana namasosiyete yaho agira uruhare mu gucukura amabuye y'agaciro nka muringa na cobalt. Urundi rwego rukomeye rwinzira mpuzamahanga zitanga amasoko muri Zambiya ni ubuhinzi. Ubutaka burumbuka bwigihugu bushigikira ibikorwa bitandukanye byubuhinzi bikurura abaguzi kwisi bashaka ibicuruzwa nkibigori, itabi, soya cyangwa amababi yicyayi kubatanga ibicuruzwa muri Zambiya. Ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bwerekana ubuhanga mu buhinzi butanga urubuga rwiza rwo guhuza no gushakisha amahirwe y’ubucuruzi muri uru rwego. Zambiya kandi yakiriye imurikagurisha ritandukanye ryerekana ibicuruzwa bitandukanye biva mu nzego zitandukanye. Urugero: 1. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi rya Zambiya (ZITF): Iri murika ngarukamwaka ribera mu mujyi wa Ndola kandi rikurura abamurika ibicuruzwa biturutse muri Zambiya gusa ahubwo no mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika ndetse no hanze yarwo. Ikubiyemo inganda zitandukanye nkinganda, imashini zubuhinzi & ibikoresho umutekano & ibisubizo byumutekano ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ibicuruzwa nibindi, bitanga urubuga kubucuruzi bwombi bwo guhuza nabashinzwe amasoko mpuzamahanga. 2. Copperbelt Mining Trade Expo & Conference (CBM-TEC): Iki gikorwa cyibanze ku nganda z’ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro uhuza abakinnyi bakomeye barimo abacukuzi b'amabuye y'agaciro batanga amabuye y'agaciro abajyanama ba injeniyeri abayobozi ba leta n'ibindi, kugira ngo baganire ku mbogamizi zishingiye ku guhanga udushya n'ibindi .. Bitanga amahirwe kubucuruzi bugira uruhare mu gucukura amabuye y'agaciro cyangwa serivisi zitanga amasoko kugirango zikorane n'abaguzi mpuzamahanga. 3 Foodex Zambiya: Nka rimwe mu imurikagurisha rinini ry’ibiribwa riba buri mwaka mu Mujyi wa Lusaka ryerekana umusaruro w’ubuhinzi wo muri Zambiya ushobora kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga aho abacuruzi benshi b’amakoperative y’abahinzi-borozi-borozi bagaragaza ibicuruzwa byabo byiza kugira ngo bakurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga biteza imbere ubucuruzi bukomeye mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma ya Zambiya yashakishije cyane gushora imari mu mahanga no guteza imbere ubucuruzi. Bashyizeho ibigo nk’ikigo gishinzwe iterambere rya Zambiya (ZDA) gifasha ubucuruzi bw’ibanze ndetse n’amahanga mu kubona amahirwe yo gutanga amasoko, kumenya abaterankunga, no kugendera ku bisabwa n’amabwiriza. Izi nzego zifite uruhare runini muguhuza abaguzi mpuzamahanga nabatanga Zambiya. Mu gusoza, Zambiya itanga inzira nyinshi zingenzi zitanga amasoko binyuze mumirenge nkamabuye y'agaciro n'ubuhinzi. Imurikagurisha nka ZITF, CBM-TEC, na Foodex Zambiya ritanga urubuga rwo kwerekana ibicuruzwa no gushiraho umubano n’abaguzi ku isi. Imbaraga za guverinoma zo koroshya ishoramari ry’amahanga zirusheho kunoza ayo mahirwe haba mu bucuruzi bw’ibanze ndetse n’abaguzi mpuzamahanga bashishikajwe no guturuka muri Zambiya.
Muri Zambiya, moteri zishakisha zikunze gukoreshwa zirimo Google, Bing, na Yahoo. Izi moteri zishakisha zitanga amakuru menshi kandi zihuza inyungu zitandukanye nibikenewe. Dore urubuga rwo kugera kuri moteri zishakisha: 1. Google: www.google.com - Google ni imwe muri moteri ishakisha izwi cyane kandi ikoreshwa cyane ku isi. Itanga urutonde rwibisubizo byubushakashatsi, harimo urubuga, amashusho, videwo, ingingo zamakuru, amakarita, nibindi byinshi. 2. Bing: www.bing.com - Bing kandi ni moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa cyane itanga abakoresha ibisubizo bijyanye ukurikije ibibazo byabo. Itanga gushakisha kurubuga kimwe nibiranga gushakisha amashusho, gushakisha amashusho, ingingo zamakuru, guhuza amakarita akoreshwa na Microsoft. 3. Yahoo: www.yahoo.com - Yahoo niyindi moteri ishakisha izwi cyane itanga serivisi zitandukanye nkibikorwa byo gushakisha kurubuga hamwe na serivise za imeri (Yahoo Mail), amakuru agezweho aturuka ahantu hameze (Yahoo News), iteganyagihe (Yahoo Weather), ivugurura rya siporo (Yahoo Sports), imyidagaduro (Yahoo Imyidagaduro), nibindi Twabibutsa ko mugihe ibi bitatu biri mubikoreshwa cyane muri Zambiya no kumasoko yisi yose; hari ubundi buryo bwihariye cyangwa bwibanze buboneka muri Zambiya nabwo - nubwo bidashobora kumenyekana cyane cyangwa gukoreshwa. Menya ko guhitamo moteri yishakisha byatoranijwe biterwa nuburyo ukunda kubijyanye nuburambe bwimikoreshereze yimikoreshereze cyangwa ibintu bimwe na bimwe bitangwa na platform.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Muri Zambiya, urupapuro rwibanze rwumuhondo ububiko ni: 1. ZamYellow: Ubu ni igitabo cyuzuye kuri interineti gikubiyemo inganda na serivisi zitandukanye muri Zambiya. Itanga amakuru yamakuru, aderesi, nibisobanuro byubucuruzi mugihugu hose. Urubuga rwa ZamYellow ni www.zamyellow.com. 2. Urupapuro rwumuhondo Zambiya: Urundi rupapuro rwumuhondo ruzwi cyane mugihugu ni Urupapuro rwumuhondo Zambiya. Itanga urutonde rwibikorwa ukurikije inganda zabo, aho biherereye, nibindi byiciro. Urashobora kubona amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye ibigo hamwe nibisobanuro byabo kurubuga rwabo www.yellowpageszambia.com. 3. FindaZambiya: FindaZambiya nubuyobozi bwa interineti butanga amakuru yamakuru kubucuruzi bukorera mubice bitandukanye nkubuhinzi, ubwubatsi, uburezi, kwakira abashyitsi, ubuvuzi, nibindi byinshi muri Zambiya. Urubuga rwabo rushobora kuboneka kuri www.findazambia.com. 4. BizPages Zambiya: BizPages nubuyobozi buyobora ubucuruzi bwibanda cyane cyane ku mishinga mito n'iciriritse (SMEs) mu gihugu. Irimo ibigo biva mu nganda zinyuranye zirimo amaduka acururizwamo, resitora & utubari, ibigo bitimukanwa, abacuruza imodoka nizindi. Urashobora gusura urubuga rwabo kuri www.bizpages.org/zm. Ipaji yumuhondo ububiko bukoreshwa nkibikoresho byingenzi kugirango tubone ibikorwa byingenzi byubucuruzi cyangwa abatanga serivise mumasoko atandukanye ya Zambiya.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Muri Zambiya, hari urubuga rwinshi rwa e-ubucuruzi ruhuza ibyifuzo byabaguzi kumurongo. Dore bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi mugihugu: 1. Jumia Zambiya - Jumia ni kimwe mu bihugu bikomeye byo muri Afurika byifashisha e-ubucuruzi bifite ibihugu byinshi, harimo na Zambiya. Ihuriro ritanga ibicuruzwa byinshi biva mubyiciro bitandukanye nka electronics, imyambarire, ubwiza, ibikoresho byo murugo, terefone zigendanwa, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: www.jumia.co.zm 2. Zamart - Zamart ni isoko ryamamaye rya interineti muri Zambiya. Itanga urubuga kubagurisha kwerekana ibicuruzwa byabo nabaguzi kubigura byoroshye kumurongo. Ihuriro ritanga ibintu bitandukanye uhereye kumyenda n'ibikoresho kugeza ibikoresho byo murugo hamwe na elegitoroniki. Urubuga: www.zamart.com 3. Amaduka ya Krafula - Krafula ni urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi bugaragara muri Zambiya rwibanda ku gutanga ibicuruzwa byiza ku giciro cyiza kubakiriya bayo. Itanga ibyiciro bitandukanye byibicuruzwa nkimyambarire yimyambarire, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibicuruzwa byiza, ibintu byabana, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: www.krafulazambia.com 4. ShopZed - ShopZed ni iduka rya interineti muri Zambiya ryorohereza ubunararibonye bwo guhaha kubakiriya mugutanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kubiciro byapiganwa mubyiciro bitandukanye nkimyenda yimyambarire / ibikoresho, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki / ibikoresho, urugo / igikoni cya ngombwa, n'ibikoresho byawe bwite / kwisiga. Urubuga: www.shopzed.lixa.ikoranabuhanga 5 Ububiko bwa Hambiya Zambiya - Uru rubuga rwihariye rwa e-ubucuruzi ruzobereye mu bicuruzwa bishingiye ku mahembe kuva ku myenda ikozwe muri fibre fibre kugeza ku byongeweho ubuzima bikozwe mu bimera. urubuga: zambianhempstore.com Izi ni ingero nke gusa; hashobora kuba hari andi mato mato cyangwa niche yihariye aboneka kimwe no ku isoko rya Zambiya.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Muri Zambiya, hari imbuga nkoranyambaga zimaze kumenyekana mu baturage bayo. Dore zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa muri Zambiya hamwe n'imbuga zabo: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): Nka rumwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane ku isi, Facebook ifite abakoresha benshi muri Zambiya. Abakoresha barashobora gukora imyirondoro, guhuza inshuti nimiryango, guhuza amatsinda cyangwa page kubyerekeye inyungu zitandukanye, no gusangira ibirimo nkamafoto na videwo. 2. Twitter (www.twitter.com): Twitter ikoreshwa cyane nabanya Zambiya mugihe cyo kuvugurura igihe no kuganira kubintu bitandukanye. Abakoresha barashobora gukurikira konti zinyungu, gusangira ubutumwa bugufi buzwi nka "tweet", gusubiramo ibintu bivuye kubandi, kwishora kumutwe ugenda ukoresheje hashtags (#), kandi bakitabira ibiganiro. 3. WhatsApp (www.whatsapp.com): WhatsApp ni porogaramu izwi cyane yohereza ubutumwa muri Zambiya yemerera abakoresha kohereza inyandiko, guhamagara amajwi cyangwa videwo, gusangira dosiye nk'inyandiko cyangwa amafoto wenyine cyangwa mu biganiro by'itsinda. Ikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwitumanaho hagati yinshuti nimiryango kimwe nibiganiro bijyanye nubucuruzi. 4. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Instagram ni urubuga rushingiye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza amafoto cyangwa videwo ngufi kugira ngo basangire n'abayoboke babo. Abanya Zambiya bakoresha urubuga kugirango berekane ubuhanga bwabo bwo gufotora, batezimbere ubucuruzi / ibicuruzwa / serivisi binyuze mubikorwa byo kureba. 5. LinkedIn (www. Ikora nka reume kumurongo aho abantu bashobora kwerekana amateka yabo, uburambe bwakazi mugihe nabo babemerera gukurikira ibigo / amashyirahamwe bifuza. 6. YouTube (www. 7.TikTok (www.tiktok.com): TikTok imaze kumenyekana cyane mu rubyiruko rwo muri Zambiya, ibemerera gukora no gusangira amashusho magufi yo guhanga. Nyamuneka menya ko gukundwa no gukoresha izi mbuga bishobora gutandukana kubantu no mumyaka yabo, ariko izi ni zimwe muma mbuga nkoranyambaga zikoreshwa cyane muri Zambiya.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Muri Zambiya, hari amashyirahamwe menshi yinganda ahagarariye inzego zitandukanye zubukungu. Dore urutonde rwamashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Ishyirahamwe ry’abakora muri Zambiya (ZAM): ZAM ihagarariye urwego rukora inganda muri Zambiya, ruteza imbere iterambere ryarwo kandi ruharanira politiki ifitiye akamaro abayikora. Urubuga: https://zam.co.zm/ 2. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Zambiya (ZACCI): ZACCI n’ishyirahamwe rikomeye ry’ubucuruzi muri Zambiya, rikora mu rwego rwo korohereza ubucuruzi n’ishoramari, ndetse no gutanga serivisi zita ku bucuruzi mu nzego zitandukanye. Urubuga: https://www.zacci.co.zm/ 3. Ishyirahamwe ry’amabanki muri Zambiya (BAZ): BAZ ni ishyirahamwe rihuza amabanki y’ubucuruzi akorera muri Zambiya, agamije guteza imbere ubufatanye hagati y’amabanki y’abanyamuryango no kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry’inganda z’amabanki. Urubuga: http://www.baz.org.zm/ 4. Inama y’ubukerarugendo ya Zambiya (TCZ): TCZ ihagarariye urwego rw’ubukerarugendo muri Zambiya, yibanda ku guteza imbere imikorere y’ubukerarugendo burambye no kunganira politiki ifasha iterambere ry’inganda n’iterambere. Urubuga: http://tourismcinama ya zambia.com/ 5. Ihuriro ry’abacukuzi ba Zambiya (MUZ): MUZ ihagarariye abakozi bo mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro mu rwego rwo kurengera uburenganzira bwabo, imibereho yabo n’inyungu zabo mu gihe bagira uruhare mu iterambere rusange ry’inganda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro muri Zambiya. Urubuga: http://www.muz-zambia.org/ 6 Urubuga: N / A. Nyamuneka menya ko urutonde rutuzuye kuko hashobora kuba hari andi mashyirahamwe mato mato cyangwa niche yihariye akorera mumirenge itandukanye mugihugu.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Dore zimwe mu mbuga zubukungu nubucuruzi muri Zambiya: 1. Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere rya Zambiya (ZDA) - Urubuga rwemewe rwa ZDA, ruteza imbere amahirwe yo gushora imari kandi rutanga amakuru ajyanye no gukora ubucuruzi muri Zambiya. Urubuga: https://www.zda.org.zm/ 2. Ikigo gishinzwe kwinjiza imisoro muri Zambiya (ZRA) - ZRA ishinzwe gukusanya amafaranga mu izina rya guverinoma ya Zambiya. Urubuga rutanga amakuru kubyerekeye imisoro, gasutamo, nibindi bibazo bifitanye isano. Urubuga: https://www.zra.org.zm/ 3. Isoko ryimigabane rya Lusaka (LuSE) - Urubuga rwa LuSE rutanga amakuru kubisabwa kurutonde, ibikorwa byubucuruzi, namakuru yisoko kubashoramari bifuza kuvunja muri Zambiya. Urubuga: https://www.luse.co.zm/ 4. Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi, ubucuruzi n’inganda - Iyi minisiteri igenzura politiki y’ubucuruzi, amabwiriza, n’ingamba zo kuzamura ubukungu muri Zambiya. Urubuga rwabo rukubiyemo amakuru yingirakamaro kubucuruzi bwaho ndetse n’amahanga. Urubuga: http://www.mcti.gov.zm/ 5. Banki ya Zambiya (BoZ) - Nka banki nkuru y’igihugu, urubuga rwa BoZ rutanga ibisobanuro kuri politiki y’ifaranga, igipimo cy’ivunjisha, raporo z’imari y’imari, n’imibare y’ubukungu. Urubuga: https://www.boz.zm/ 6. Ibiro bikuru bishinzwe ibarurishamibare (CSO) - CSO ikusanya imibare itandukanye yerekana ibintu bitandukanye byiterambere ry’ubukungu n’ubukungu muri Zambiya nkamakuru y’abaturage cyangwa umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwa GDP. Urubuga: http://cso.gov.zm/ 7. Ishoramari rya Banki Plc - Imwe mu mabanki y’ubucuruzi afite icyicaro muri Zambiya atanga serivisi z’amabanki y’ibigo kugira ngo ashyigikire ubucuruzi bukorera mu bukungu bw’igihugu. Urubuga: https://investrustbank.co.zm/ 8. Banki nkuru yigihugu ya mbere (FNB) - FNB nayo ifite uruhare runini murwego rwamabanki yubucuruzi ya Zambiya itanga ibicuruzwa / serivisi zinyuranye byimari kubantu ndetse nabakiriya ba societe Urubuga: https://www.fnbbank.co.zm/ Izi mbuga zitanga ibikoresho byingenzi kubantu bose bashishikajwe no gusobanukirwa nubukungu nubucuruzi bya Zambiya kimwe nabantu ndetse nubucuruzi bashakisha amahirwe yo gushora imari mugihugu.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari urubuga rwinshi rwibibazo byubucuruzi biboneka kuri Zambiya. Hano hari bane muribo hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere muri Zambiya (ZDA) Urubuga rwubucuruzi: Urubuga: https://www.zda.org.zm/trade-portal/ Urubuga rw’ubucuruzi rwa ZDA rutanga urubuga rwuzuye rwo kugera ku makuru ajyanye n’ubucuruzi, harimo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibitumizwa mu bicuruzwa, igihugu, n’umurenge wa Zambiya. 2. Ububikoshingiro bw’umuryango w’abibumbye: Urubuga: https://comtrade.un.org/ Ububiko bw’umuryango w’abibumbye butanga amakuru menshi y’ubucuruzi ku bihugu bitandukanye, harimo na Zambiya. Abakoresha barashobora gushakisha no kugarura amakuru arambuye kubitumizwa no kohereza hanze kubicuruzwa. 3. Igisubizo cy’ubucuruzi rusange ku isi (WITS): Urubuga: https://wits.worldbank.org/ WITS itanga amakuru ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga ku bucuruzi buturuka ahantu hatandukanye, harimo ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye rishinzwe ibarurishamibare (UNSD), Banki yisi, WTO, n’abandi. Abakoresha barashobora gushakisha uburyo ubucuruzi bwa Zambiya binyuze mumibare irambuye. 4. Atlas y'Ubucuruzi ku Isi: Urubuga: https://appsource.microsoft.com/en-us/product/web-apps/globaltradatlas.global_trade_atlas Global Trade Atlas nububiko bwuzuye bufasha abakoresha gusesengura ibikorwa byinjira / byohereza hanze. Ikubiyemo ibihugu byinshi ku isi, harimo na Zambiya, itanga ubushishozi bwimbitse mubikorwa bitandukanye byubucuruzi. Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka no kugerwaho bishobora gutandukana kuko izi mbuga zishingiye kubikorwa bishya bivuye mumiryango cyangwa ibigo bishinzwe gukusanya amakuru kumibare yubucuruzi.

B2b

Muri Zambiya, hari urubuga rwa B2B (Business-to-Business) ruhuza ubucuruzi no guteza imbere ubucuruzi mu gihugu. Hasi hari amwe mumahuriro akomeye ya B2B muri Zambiya hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1.Marketplace ya Zambiya (www.zem.co.zm): Uru rubuga rushoboza ubucuruzi kwerekana ibicuruzwa, serivisi, n'amahirwe y'ubucuruzi. Itanga ububiko bwuzuye bwibigo kandi itanga urubuga rwo guhuza. 2. ZamLoop (www.zamloop.com): ZamLoop ni isoko rya interineti rihuza abaguzi n’abagurisha mu nganda zitandukanye muri Zambiya. Yorohereza ubucuruzi yemerera ubucuruzi gutondekanya ibicuruzwa / serivisi, byorohereza abaguzi kubibona. 3. TradeKey Zambiya (zambia.tradekey.com): TradeKey nisoko rya B2B kwisi yose hamwe nibice byihariye byeguriwe ibihugu bitandukanye, harimo na Zambiya. Hano, ubucuruzi bwa Zambiya burashobora gukora urutonde rwibicuruzwa no gushakisha abaterankunga mubucuruzi kwisi yose. 4. Urupapuro rwumuhondo Zambiya (www.yellowpagesofafrica.com/zambia/): Nubwo izwi cyane nka serivise yubuyobozi, Urupapuro rwumuhondo narwo rukora nka B2B aho ibigo bishobora kwerekana ibicuruzwa na serivisi binyuze kurutonde rurambuye. 5. Kupatana (zambia.kupatana.com): Kupatana ni urubuga rwashyizwe kumurongo rwemerera ubucuruzi bwa Zambiya kwamamaza ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi zabo kugurisha cyangwa gukodesha. Ihuriro rihuza abaguzi baho n’abagurisha mu nganda zitandukanye. 6 7 Izi nimwe muma platform ya B2B aboneka muri Zambiya. Ukoresheje urubuga rwa interineti, ubucuruzi bushobora guhuza neza nabafatanyabikorwa, abaguzi, nabatanga ibicuruzwa, amaherezo bikazamura ubucuruzi niterambere muri Zambiya.
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