TogTok

Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Miyanimari, izwi kandi ku izina rya Birmaniya, ni igihugu cyo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya giherereye ku kigobe cya Bengal no ku nyanja ya Andaman. Irahana imbibi na Tayilande, Laos, Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde, na Bangladesh. Ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 676.578 kandi butuwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 54 (dukurikije imibare 2021), Miyanimari izwiho amateka akomeye n'umuco utandukanye. Miyanimari ifite ikirere gishyuha gishyuha hamwe n'ibihe bitatu bitandukanye: igihe cy'ubushyuhe kuva muri Werurwe kugeza Gicurasi, igihe cy'imvura kuva muri Kamena kugeza muri Nzeri, n'ibihe bikonje kuva mu Kwakira kugeza Gashyantare. Iki gihugu gifite ahantu nyaburanga bitangaje kuva ku misozi myiza cyane y’imisozi nka Himalaya mu majyaruguru kugera ku nyanja nyaburanga ku nkombe z'inyanja ya Bengal. Abenshi mu baturage ba Miyanimari bakurikiza idini rya Budisime Theravada nk'idini ryabo ry'ibanze. Icyakora, hari kandi abaturage benshi bakurikira Islam, Ubukirisitu, Abahindu kimwe n'imyizerere gakondo. Iyi miryango itandukanye y’amadini igira uruhare mu murage ndangamuco w’igihugu. Ubukungu bwa Miyanimari ahanini ni ubuhinzi n’ubuhinzi bugira uruhare runini muri GDP. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga birimo gaze karemano, ibikomoka ku biti amabuye y'agaciro nka jade n'amabuye y'agaciro nka rubavu na safiro. Guverinoma yashyize ingufu mu myaka yashize yo gutandukanya inganda zayo harimo n'ubukerarugendo. N’ubwo ubwiza nyaburanga n'ubukire bw’umuco, Miyanimari yahuye n’ibibazo bitandukanye muri politiki no mu mibereho mu myaka icumi ishize kubera ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare bukurikirwa n’imidugararo ya politiki. Icyakora kuva ingamba za demokarasi ziherutse gutangira gukurikizwa mu mwaka wa 2010, zabonye intambwe igana ku ivugurura rya politiki nubwo rikomeje guhura n’ibibazo ku mpande nyinshi harimo n’ibibazo by’uburenganzira bwa muntu byibasiye cyane amoko mato .. Mu gusoza, Mynamar itanga uruvange rwihariye rw’imiterere ihebuje, imico itandukanye, n’amateka akungahaye. Igihugu gihura n’ibibazo bikomeje, ariko gikomeje guharanira demokarasi, iterambere ry’imibereho n’ubukungu, no kuzamura imibereho y’abaturage bayo bose.Ubushobozi bwo kuzamuka, bivanze nubwiza nyaburanga, bituma iki gihugu gikwiye kurebwa

Miyanimari yahoze yitwa Birmaniya, ifite ifaranga ryayo ryitwa Birman Kyat (MMK). Ikimenyetso cy'ifaranga rya Miyanimari Kyat ni K. Igipimo cy'ivunjisha rya Kyat yo muri Birmaniya gishobora guhindagurika ku yandi mafaranga akomeye nk'amadolari y'Amerika (USD) na Euro (EUR). Banki Nkuru ya Miyanimari igenga kandi igatanga ifaranga ry'igihugu. Ifite uruhare runini mu kubungabunga umutekano no kuzamura ubukungu. Icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko Miyanimari yagize amateka y’ifaranga n’ibibazo by’amafaranga mu bihe byashize. Kubyerekeranye n'amadini, hariho inoti ziboneka mubiciro bya 1 Ks, 5 Ks, 10 Ks, 20 Ks, 50 Ks, 100 Ks, 200 Ks, 500K s, 1000 KS gutandukana namagambo byumvikana neza cyangwa nibisanzwe niba ari byiza interuro imwe nkiyi "... indangagaciro ziva mu madini mato nka ..." Nubwo ubwishyu bushobora gutangwa hifashishijwe amakarita yinguzanyo hamwe n’inguzanyo ahantu hamwe na hamwe mu mijyi minini y’igihugu cyangwa mu bukerarugendo, ibikorwa by’amafaranga biracyiganje mu bice byinshi bya Miyanimari aho kwakira amakarita y’inguzanyo bishobora kuba bike. Rero, Birasabwa gutwara amafaranga ahagije mugihe ugenda muri Miyanimari. Mugihe ishobora kuba idafite kumenyekana kwisi yose ugereranije nandi mafranga nkamadorari yAmerika cyangwa Euro; nyamara muri societe ya Myanma hamadinger, Kyat yo muri Birmaniya ikomeje kuba igice cyingenzi mubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi. Muri rusange, ifaranga muri Miyanimari rirangwa n’ingufu zashyizweho n’ubuyobozi mu rwego rwo kubungabunga umutekano mu gihe hitawe ku miterere y’imari igenda ihinduka mu gihe hari ibibazo byinshi by’ubukungu byugarije iki gihugu cyo muri Aziya yepfo.

Ifaranga ryemewe rya Miyanimari ni Kyat yo muri Birmaniya (MMK). Kubijyanye no kuvunja amafaranga yingenzi, dore indangagaciro zigereranijwe: 1 USD ≈ 1.522 MMK 1 EUR ≈ 1.774 MMK 1 GBP ≈ 2,013 MMK 1 JPY ≈ 13.86 MMK Nyamuneka menya ko iyi mibare ari igereranyo gusa kandi irashobora gutandukana bitewe nibintu bitandukanye nkibihe byamasoko nabatanga isoko.

Miyanimari, igihugu gishimishije mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, cyizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi ikomeye umwaka wose. Iyi minsi mikuru itanga ibisobanuro ku murage gakondo n'imico gakondo ya Miyanimari. Imwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye ni Thingyan, izwi kandi ku izina ry'amazi. Bizihizwa muri Mata, bizihiza umwaka mushya wa Birmaniya. Ibihumbi n’ibihumbi by'abantu bateranira mu mihanda kugira ngo bitabira kurwanira amazi kandi bahuze amazi nk'umuhango w'ikigereranyo wo kweza ibyaha byashize n'amahirwe mabi. Nibihe bisakuza kandi bishimishije byuzuye ibitwenge, umuziki, n'imbyino gakondo. Undi munsi mukuru w'ingenzi ni Thadingyut cyangwa Umunsi mukuru w'urumuri wizihizwa mu Kwakira. Muri ibi birori, Miyanimari imurikira amatara ibihumbi n'ibihumbi mu gihe abantu bubaha kugaruka kwa Buda avuye mu ijuru nyuma yo kugeza nyina inyigisho ze. Amazu arimbishijwe buji, amatara, n'amatara y'amashanyarazi mugihe imirishyo yaka ikirere nijoro. Iserukiramuco rya Tazaungdaing ni ikindi gikorwa gikomeye cyizihijwe mu Gushyingo muri Miyanimari. Iri serukiramuco ryubaha Gavamuni (umwigishwa wa Buda) wagaragaje imbaraga zidasanzwe mu kurema umuriro mumisatsi yumubiri we mbere yo kwanga ubuzima bwisi. Ikintu cyaranze iri serukiramuco kirimo amarushanwa yo mu kirere ashyushye aho imipira yateguwe neza yakozwe nabanyabukorikori babahanga bajyana mu kirere hagati y’abantu bishimye hepfo. Mu iserukiramuco ry'ubuvumo bwa Pindaya ryabaye hagati ya Gashyantare-Werurwe hafi y'akarere ka Inle Lake, abihaye Imana basuye ubuvumo bwera bwarimbishijwe ibishusho bya Buda ibihumbi n'ibihumbi kugira ngo bubashye kandi bashake imigisha ku bisigisigi byera biri muri ubwo buvumo bwatangiye mu binyejana byinshi. Ubwanyuma, Iserukiramuco rya Ballon rya Taunggyi ryabaye mu Gushyingo ribera hafi ya Mandalay rikurura abantu kubera imipira minini y’ikirere gishyushye kimurika nijoro ikabohereza hejuru mu kirere cyarimbishijwe no kwerekana imirishyo itangaje. Iyi minsi mikuru yerekana umuco ukomeye wa Miyanimari beliefs imyizerere yayo yashinze imizi mu birori byose aho abaturage bahurira hamwe kugira ngo bizihize imigenzo yabo mu gihe bakira neza umuntu wese wifuza kwifatanya nabo muri uru rugendo rwo kuvumbura umuco.

Miyanimari, izwi kandi ku izina rya Birmaniya, ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya. Yabonye impinduka zikomeye mubucuruzi bwayo mumyaka yashize. Ubukungu bwa Miyanimari bushingiye cyane ku byoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo butere imbere no guteza imbere ubucuruzi. Igihugu cyohereza cyane cyane ibikomoka ku buhinzi nk'umuceri, ibinyamisogwe, ibishyimbo, ibikomoka ku burobyi, n'ibiti. Byongeye kandi, imyenda n'imyenda nabyo byahindutse ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Miyanimari. Icyakora, twakagombye kumenya ko urwego rwubucuruzi rwa Miyanimari rufite ibibazo byinshi. Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye ni ibikorwa remezo bigarukira no guhuza amasoko yisi. Imiyoboro itwara abantu idahagije hamwe n'ibikoresho bibuza kugenda neza ibicuruzwa haba imbere ndetse no hanze. Byongeye kandi, ibihano mpuzamahanga by’ubukungu kubera impungenge za politiki byabujije Miyanimari kugera ku masoko y’amahanga. Nubwo ibihano byinshi byavanyweho cyangwa byoroheje mu myaka yashize ubwo igihugu cyashyiraga mu bikorwa ivugurura rya demokarasi no guteza imbere uburenganzira bwa muntu; inzitizi zimwe ziracyahari. Nubwo hari ibibazo, habaye iterambere ryiza. Miyanimari yakurikiranye cyane ishoramari ry’amahanga mu rwego rwo kuzamura urwego rw’ubucuruzi. Guverinoma yashyizeho ivugurura ry’ubukungu ryinshi kugira ngo ikurure ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu kunoza imikorere y’ubucuruzi no kuzamura amategeko. Byongeye kandi, Miyanimari ihagaze neza mu karere hagati y'Ubuhinde n'Ubushinwa bitanga amahirwe yo kongera ubucuruzi bw'akarere binyuze mu bikorwa nka Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Iyi gahunda igamije kuzamura imiyoboro y’akarere binyuze mu ishoramari mu mishinga remezo ishobora kugirira akamaro ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bya Miyanimari. Muri rusange, nubwo ihura n’inzitizi zijyanye n’ibikorwa remezo bike ndetse n’ibihano mpuzamahanga bikomeje - Miyanimari ikomeje guharanira gushyiraho uburyo bunoze bwo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka binyuze mu ngamba z’ivugurura mu gihugu mu gihe hifashishijwe ingamba z’akarere nka BRI ishobora kwagura ubucuruzi bwayo.

Miyanimari izwi kandi ku izina rya Birmaniya, yerekanye imbaraga zikomeye zo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Ahantu h’ubukungu bw'igihugu hagati y'Ubuhinde n'Ubushinwa bitanga inyungu zidasanzwe mu bijyanye n'amahirwe yo gutumiza / kohereza hanze. Ubwa mbere, Miyanimari ifite umutungo kamere nka gaze karemano, peteroli, amabuye y'agaciro, n'amabuye y'agaciro. Aya masoko yakwegereye abashoramari b’abanyamahanga bashaka gushora imari mu nganda zikungahaye ku gihugu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Miyanimari yabaye umukinnyi w'ingenzi mu rwego rwo gutanga amasoko ku isi. Icya kabiri, Miyanimari ifite abaturage benshi bagera kuri miliyoni 54. Iri soko rinini ryimbere mu gihugu ritanga amahirwe menshi kumasosiyete yamahanga yo kwinjira no kwerekana ko ihari mubice bitandukanye nkibicuruzwa byabaguzi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, n’itumanaho. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma ya Miyanimari yagize ivugurura ry’ubukungu mu myaka icumi ishize kugira ngo ishoramari mpuzamahanga. Iri vugurura ririmo kwishyira ukizana kwa politiki y’ubucuruzi no gushyiraho uturere twihariye tw’ubukungu dutanga inkunga ku bucuruzi bw’amahanga. Izi ngamba zafashije gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwubucuruzi bwibigo byombi ndetse n’amahanga. Byongeye kandi, Miyanimari iri mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi menshi yo mu karere nka ASEAN y’ubucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi (AFTA) na Bay of Bengal Initiative ishinzwe ubufatanye mu bya tekinike n’ubukungu (BIMSTEC). Aya masezerano agamije kuzamura ubukungu bw’akarere mu kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho inzitizi z’ubucuruzi mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango. Kuba muri aya masezerano bituma ubucuruzi bwo muri Miyanimari bugera ku masoko manini yo mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Aziya. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko hakiri ibibazo bikeneye gukemurwa mbere yo gukoresha neza ubushobozi bwabyo; iterambere ry'ibikorwa remezo rikomeje kuba agace gasaba kurushaho kunozwa kugirango byorohereze imiyoboro itwara abantu neza mu turere dutandukanye muri Miyanimari. Mu gusoza, Miyanimari itanga amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga kubera umutungo kamere ukungahaye, ahantu hateganijwe hagati y'Ubuhinde n'Ubushinwa, abaturage benshi bo mu ngo, ivugururwa ry'ubukungu riyobowe na guverinoma kuzamura ibidukikije, no kugira uruhare mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi mu karere.

Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Miyanimari, hari ibintu byinshi tugomba gusuzuma. Miyanimari ni igihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere cyagize ivugurura rikomeye ry'ubukungu mu myaka yashize. Kubera ko urwego ruciriritse rwiyongera kandi rukaba rwiyongera ku baguzi, hari amahirwe menshi ku bucuruzi bashaka kwinjira ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu gihugu. Mbere na mbere, ni ngombwa kumenya ibikenewe n'ibyifuzo by'abaguzi baho muri Miyanimari. Gukora ubushakashatsi ku isoko no gusobanukirwa nuburyo bwo kugura birashobora gutanga ubushishozi bwibicuruzwa byakumvikana nabo. Kurugero, hamwe nubwiyongere bwabaturage bo murwego rwo hagati, harikenewe cyane ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi nka terefone zigendanwa nibikoresho byo murugo. Byongeye kandi, urebye ubushobozi bwibikorwa remezo bya Miyanimari ni ngombwa mugihe uhitamo ibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze. Kubona amashanyarazi yizewe mubice bimwe bishobora gusobanura ko ibicuruzwa bikoresha ingufu cyangwa izuba bikoresha ingufu nyinshi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kubera imiyoboro idahagije yo mu turere tumwe na tumwe, ibicuruzwa biramba nka moto cyangwa amagare bishobora kuba amahitamo akunzwe ajyanye no gutwara abantu. Byongeye kandi, gucukumbura ibicuruzwa byubuhinzi nabyo bishobora kwerekana inyungu muri iri soko. Miyanimari ifite umutungo kamere n'ubutaka burumbuka bushobora gutera inkunga ibikorwa byinshi by'ubuhinzi. Ibihingwa byamafaranga nkumuceri, pulses, amababi yicyayi cyangwa reberi bifite amahirwe menshi yo kohereza hanze. Icya nyuma ariko cyibasiwe cyane nibyabaye muri politiki ni ubukorikori bwakozwe nabanyabukorikori baho berekana ubuhanga bwo kuboha gakondo (nkimyenda), ububumbyi cyangwa ibikoresho bya lacquerware nibindi bigize ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe bigurishwa neza mubukerarugendo haba mubanyamahanga baho. Muri rusange guhitamo ibintu bisabwa cyane byateganijwe byerekeranye nibyifuzo byaho bigira uruhare runini mugihe winjiye mumasoko yubucuruzi bwamahanga Muri Miyanimari neza. Mu gusoza, ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bugomba gukorwa hagamijwe kwerekana imiterere y’ibikorwa remezo by’ibikorwa remezo bisabwa kugira ngo ibyifuzo by’amoko byibanze ku kwanga ishoramari ryambere mu bikorwa byunguka.

Miyanimari, izwi kandi ku izina rya Birmaniya, ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya gifite umurage gakondo ndangamuco n'amoko atandukanye. Gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira muri Miyanimari ni ngombwa mu gushiraho umubano mwiza mu bucuruzi mu gihugu. Ibiranga abakiriya: 1. Kubaha ubukuru: Abakiriya muri Miyanimari baha agaciro cyane urwego no kubaha abakuru. Ni ngombwa kwemeza no kohereza abahagarariye abayobozi mu ishyirahamwe. 2. Ikinyabupfura n'ikinyabupfura: Umuco waho ushimangira ikinyabupfura, indamutso isanzwe, n'imyitwarire ikwiye. Kugaragaza icyubahiro ukoresheje ibimenyetso nko kunama cyangwa gukoresha amazina yicyubahiro bizashimirwa cyane. 3. Kubaka ikizere binyuze mu mibanire: Kubaka umubano bigira uruhare runini mugihe ukora ubucuruzi muri Miyanimari. Abakiriya baho bahitamo gukorana nabantu bazi neza, bityo gushora igihe mugushiraho amasano yihariye ni ngombwa. 4. Uburyo bwitumanaho butaziguye: Abakiriya ba Birmaniya bakunda kugira uburyo bwitumanaho butaziguye bakoresheje euphemisme cyangwa koroshya amagambo yabo kugirango babungabunge ubwumvikane mugihe cyibiganiro. 5. Kwihangana no guhinduka: Ibiganiro byubucuruzi birashobora gufata igihe kirekire kuruta uko byari byitezwe kubera bureucratique cyangwa ibihe bitunguranye. Ni ngombwa kwerekana kwihangana, guhinduka, no guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere mugihe uhanganye nubukererwe. Kirazira: 1. Ibiganiro bya politiki: Irinde kuganira kuri politiki cyangwa kunegura guverinoma kumugaragaro kuko bishobora kugaragara ko ari agasuzuguro cyangwa ibitutsi. 2. Ibyiyumvo by’amadini: Budisime igira uruhare runini mu muco wa Miyanimari; kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kutubaha imbuga z’amadini cyangwa ibihangano mugihe ubisuye. 3. Indabyo nk'impano: Chrysanthemumu ifitanye isano no gushyingura; kubwibyo gutanga indabyo bigomba gukorwa neza urebye akamaro kabo. 4. Gukoresha ukuboko kw'ibumoso: Ukuboko kw'ibumoso gushobora gufatwa nk'umwanda ku bikorwa bimwe na bimwe nko gutanga / kwakira ibintu cyangwa kurya ibiryo bityo rero bigomba kwirindwa. 5.Gukora ku mutwe wumuntu: Umutwe ufite akamaro kihariye mumico ya Birmaniya; rero gukora ku mutwe wumuntu bigomba kwirindwa kuko bishobora gutera icyaha. Mu kubahiriza ibiranga abakiriya no gukurikiza kirazira, ubucuruzi bushobora kugendana imico n’umuco no kubaka umubano mwiza muri Miyanimari.

Miyanimari, izwi kandi ku izina rya Birmaniya, ifite amabwiriza yihariye ya gasutamo n'abinjira n'abasohoka agomba gukurikizwa igihe yinjira cyangwa asohoka mu gihugu. Dore incamake ya sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo ya Miyanimari hamwe nibitekerezo byingenzi: Amabwiriza ya gasutamo: 1. Passeport: Abashyitsi bose bagomba kuba bafite pasiporo yemewe nibura amezi atandatu asigaye afite agaciro. 2. Icyifuzo cya Viza: Abenegihugu benshi bakeneye viza yo kwinjira muri Miyanimari. Nibyiza kubona viza mbere binyuze muri Ambasade cyangwa gusaba e-viza kumurongo mbere yo gukora ingendo. 3. Ibintu bibujijwe: Miyanimari ifite amategeko akomeye yerekeye gutwara ibiyobyabwenge, imbunda, amasasu, n’ifaranga ryiganano mu gihugu. Birabujijwe gutumiza / kohereza ibicuruzwa bya kera cyangwa ibihangano ndangamuco bidafite ibyangombwa bikwiye. 4. Kubuza Ifaranga: Hariho amategeko abuza kuzana cyangwa gukuramo amafaranga arenga 10,000 USD kumafaranga kumuntu atabimenyeshejwe. 5. Ibicuruzwa bibujijwe: Ibintu bimwe na bimwe nka porunogarafiya, ibintu byita kuri politiki, n’ibikoresho by’amadini birashobora kubuzwa gutumizwa mu mahanga / kohereza hanze. Uburyo bwa gasutamo: 1. Ifishi yo kumenyekanisha ukuza: Iyo ugeze ku kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Miyanimari cyangwa kuri bariyeri ku mipaka y’ubutaka, abashyitsi bagomba kuzuza urupapuro rwabamenyesheje ko bahageze batanga amakuru yihariye namakuru ajyanye nibintu byatwaye. 2. Kugenzura imizigo: Kugenzura imizigo bisanzwe bikorwa n'abashinzwe za gasutamo iyo binjiye kugirango hubahirizwe amabwiriza ya gasutamo. 3. Imenyekanisha ry'ifaranga: Abashyitsi bitwaje amafaranga arenga 10,000 USD mu mafaranga bagomba kubitangaza bakoresheje "Ifishi yo kumenyekanisha ifaranga" yatanzwe n’ishami rya gasutamo igihe bahageze / bagiye. 4.Abakiriya basonewe imisoro / Indamunite: Umubare utari muto wibintu byawe harimo imyenda nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byemewe muri rusange biremewe kubusa kubakerarugendo; icyakora, nibyiza kubika inyemezabwishyu kubintu bihenze nka kamera cyangwa imitako usanzwe ufite mugihe winjiye mugihugu. Ibitekerezo by'ingenzi: 1.Urwibutso rwa ba mukerarugendo / Ubukorikori bw'ukuri - Witondere mugihe ugura urwibutso / ubukorikori nk'amabuye y'agaciro, imitako, n'ibikorwa by'ubukorikori. Reba niba ari ukuri ugura mu maduka yemewe na leta. 2. Kubaha imigenzo yaho: Ni ngombwa kubahiriza imigenzo yaho, imigenzo y'idini, n'amategeko mugihe muri Miyanimari. 3. Uruhushya rwo kohereza mu mahanga: Niba ushaka gukuramo ibintu bya kera cyangwa ibihangano ndangamuco byaguzwe muri Miyanimari, ni ngombwa kubona uruhushya rwo kohereza mu mahanga mu ishami ry’ubucukuzi mbere yo kugenda. 4. Inzitizi z’ingendo zo mu karere: Uturere tumwe na tumwe two muri Miyanimari dusaba izindi mpushya kubera ibibazo by’umutekano cyangwa kubuzwa n’abashyitsi b’abanyamahanga. Witondere kugenzura inama z’ingendo no kubaza inzego zibishinzwe mbere yo gutegura urugendo rwawe. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko amabwiriza ya gasutamo ashobora guhinduka mugihe, bityo rero ni byiza buri gihe kugenzurwa na Ambasade ya Miyanimari cyangwa andi masoko yemewe kugirango amakuru agezweho kuri sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo mugihe utegura uruzinduko rwawe.

Miyanimari, izwi kandi ku izina rya Birmaniya, ni igihugu cyo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya gifite politiki y’imisoro idasanzwe itumizwa mu mahanga. Guverinoma ya Miyanimari ishyiraho imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye kugira ngo igenzure ubucuruzi kandi yinjize igihugu. Igipimo cy’imisoro yatumijwe muri Miyanimari kiratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ibintu bimwe bishobora gutangirwa imisoro yinyongera, nkumusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) cyangwa umusoro udasanzwe wibicuruzwa. Kubintu byingenzi nkibicuruzwa byibiribwa nibikoresho nkenerwa, leta ishyiraho imisoro mike cyangwa zeru. Ibi bigamije kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byoroha kandi bigerwaho kubaturage muri rusange. Kurundi ruhande, ibintu byiza nibicuruzwa bidakenewe bikurura imisoro ihanitse. Ibi birashobora kubamo ibintu nkibikoresho bya elegitoronike, ibinyabiziga byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, hamwe nibicuruzwa byiza. Ibiciro biri hejuru bigamije guca intege ibicuruzwa bikabije mu gihe byinjiza leta. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa biva mu bihugu duturanye biri muri ASEAN (Ishyirahamwe ry’ibihugu by’amajyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya) bifite igiciro cy’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi mu karere. Ibi bishimangira ubucuruzi hagati ya Miyanimari n’ibihugu bituranye n’iterambere ry’ubukungu. Twabibutsa ko Miyanimari yagiye ikora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo politiki y’ubucuruzi ibeho mu myaka yashize. Mu gihe igenda yerekeza ku bukungu bwifunguye, hashyizweho ingufu zo kugabanya ibiciro by’imisoro no koroshya inzira za gasutamo mu bikorwa nk’amasezerano yo korohereza ubucuruzi (TFA). Mu gusoza, politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Miyanimari iratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ariko muri rusange harimo ibiciro biri hasi cyangwa zeru ku bicuruzwa by'ingenzi mu gihe bishyiraho imisoro ihanitse ku bicuruzwa byiza. Harimo gushyirwaho ingufu mu guteza imbere kwishyira hamwe kw’akarere binyuze mu biciro by’ibiciro biri mu bihugu bya ASEAN hamwe n’ingamba nini zo kwishyira ukizana mu bucuruzi.

Politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga muri Miyanimari igamije kugenzura ibikorwa byoherezwa mu mahanga no guteza imbere ubukungu. Miyanimari ishyiraho imisoro itandukanye ku bicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze hashingiwe ku bwoko n'indangagaciro. Ubwa mbere, ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bigenerwa imisoro yihariye yo kohereza hanze. Kurugero, umutungo kamere nkibiti, amabuye y'agaciro, n'amabuye y'agaciro asoreshwa kubiciro bitandukanye bitewe nurwego rwabo. Ibi bituma leta igenga gucukura no kugurisha ibyo bikoresho bifite agaciro. Icyakabiri, hariho imiterere rusange yimisoro ikoreshwa mubicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze. Ishami rya gasutamo rigena iyi miterere mugushyira ibintu mubice bitandukanye byamahoro ukurikije imiterere cyangwa inganda barimo. Igipimo cy'umusoro giterwa na code ya sisitemu ihujwe n'ibicuruzwa bigwa. Guverinoma itekereza kandi guteza imbere inganda zatoranijwe binyuze mu gutanga imisoro cyangwa gusonerwa ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bifitanye isano n'izo nzego. Izi nganda zirimo ubuhinzi, inganda, imyenda, n’ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku mutungo kamere nkibiti bitunganijwe cyangwa amabuye y'agaciro yarangiye. Byongeye kandi, hashobora kubaho amafaranga yinyongera cyangwa amafaranga ajyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Miyanimari nkamafaranga yinyandiko cyangwa amafaranga yubuyobozi yatanzwe mugihe cyo gukuraho ibicuruzwa. Twabibutsa ko politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ya Miyanimari igenda ihinduka buri gihe bitewe n’ibintu bitandukanye nk’ubukungu ndetse n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi bagirana n’ibindi bihugu. Muri rusange, Miyanimari ishyira mu bikorwa politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga igamije gushyira mu gaciro hagati yo kwinjiza igihugu mu gihe inemerera iterambere ry’ubukungu burambye mu guteza imbere inganda zimwe na zimwe binyuze mu gusoresha.

Miyanimari ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya kandi kizwiho umurage gakondo, umuco mwiza, n'ubukungu. Nka soko igenda ivuka, Miyanimari yibanze ku kuzamura inganda zohereza ibicuruzwa hanze no gushyiraho ubufatanye mu bucuruzi n’ibihugu byo ku isi. Ku bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze muri Miyanimari, hari ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi tugomba gusuzuma. Ubwa mbere, ibigo byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Miyanimari bigomba kubona icyemezo cyemewe cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze (ERC). Iki cyemezo gitangwa nubuyobozi bushinzwe ishoramari nubuyobozi bwisosiyete (DICA) cyangwa inzego zibishinzwe bitewe nimiterere yibicuruzwa byoherezwa hanze. Usibye ERC, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yihariye ajyanye n'inganda zabo cyangwa ibicuruzwa byabo. Kurugero, ibikomoka ku buhinzi bisaba icyemezo cya Phytosanitarite gitangwa n’ishami rishinzwe kurinda ibihingwa muri minisiteri y’ubuhinzi. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, abatumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa by’uburobyi bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yatanzwe n’ishami ry’uburobyi muri minisiteri y’ubuhinzi n’uhira imyaka. Abashora ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bakeneye kandi kubahiriza ibipimo mpuzamahanga n'impamyabumenyi bishingiye ku masoko bagenewe. Ibi birimo kubona ibyemezo byubuziranenge nka ISO (International Organization for Standardization) cyangwa HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point), byemeza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge mubijyanye numutekano nubuziranenge. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa bimwe bishobora gusaba ibyemezo byinyongera byoherezwa hanze. Kurugero, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bikenera kwemezwa n’inzego zibishinzwe nk’ishami rya Mine mbere yuko byoherezwa ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Mu gusoza, inzira yo kwemeza ibyoherezwa mu mahanga muri Miyanimari ikubiyemo kubona icyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha mu mahanga kimwe no kubahiriza amabwiriza yihariye ajyanye n'inganda zitandukanye. Kugirango ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bikomeze guhatanira amasoko ku isi, gutanga ibicuruzwa byiza byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga bishobora kongera amahirwe yo gutsinda. 限制 300 个单词

Miyanimari, izwi kandi ku izina rya Birmaniya, ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya. Irahana imbibi n'Ubuhinde na Bangladesh mu burengerazuba, Ubushinwa mu majyaruguru no mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba, Laos mu burasirazuba, na Tayilande mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba. Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho byo muri Miyanimari, dore ingingo z'ingenzi tugomba gusuzuma: 1. Ibyambu: Miyanimari ifite ibyambu byinshi bifite uruhare runini mubikorwa byubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Icyambu cya Yangon nicyo cyambu gikomeye muri Miyanimari kandi gikora nk'irembo ry’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ifite ibikoresho bigezweho bifite kontineri zishobora gutwara imizigo minini. 2. Umuhanda w'imihanda: Miyanimari yagiye itezimbere ibikorwa remezo byumuhanda mumyaka yashize. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, biracyakenewe ko duteganya gutinda cyangwa ingorane mugihe utwara ibicuruzwa mukarere runaka bitewe nuburyo umuhanda umeze cyangwa ibihe byigihe. 3. Gariyamoshi: Nubwo ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi budashobora gukundwa cyangwa gukora neza nkubundi buryo bwo gutwara abantu, burashobora kuba uburyo bwo gutwara imizigo yihariye muri Miyanimari cyangwa guhuza ibihugu bituranye nkUbushinwa na Tayilande. 4. Ibibuga byindege: Ubwikorezi mpuzamahanga bwo mu kirere bugira uruhare runini mubikorwa bya logistique muri Miyanimari. Ibibuga by’indege mpuzamahanga ni ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Yangon n’ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Mandalay gitanga umubano mwiza n’ibindi bihugu byo mu karere. 5. Amabwiriza ya gasutamo: Gusobanukirwa no kubahiriza amabwiriza ya gasutamo ni ngombwa mugihe cyohereza ibicuruzwa muri Miyanimari cyangwa bisohoka. Kubikorwa byiza byo gutumiza / kohereza hanze, gukorana neza nabakozi ba gasutamo babigize umwuga bafite uburambe bwo kugendana nibi bisabwa birashobora gufasha kwirinda gutinda cyangwa ingorane. 6. Ibikoresho byububiko: Kubikenerwa mububiko muri Miyanimari itanga ibikoresho, hari ibikoresho byububiko biboneka mumijyi minini nka Yangon na Mandalay bitanga ibisubizo byububiko bwibicuruzwa bitandukanye. 7.Abatanga serivisi zo gutwara abantu: Amasosiyete menshi yo gutwara abantu atanga serivisi zamakamyo mu turere dutandukanye twa Miyanimari ku gipimo cyo gupiganwa. 8.Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga: Komeza kugezwaho n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rigaragara mu rwego rw'ibikoresho byo mu gihugu nk'urubuga rwa sisitemu yo kohereza ibicuruzwa, gukurikirana, no kwandika. Iterambere rirashobora koroshya imikorere no kuzamura amasoko agaragara. 9. Abatanga serivisi za Logistique: Gufatanya nabashinzwe gutanga ibikoresho byuburambe muri Miyanimari birashobora kugirira akamaro cyane ibikorwa byawe. Bafite ubumenyi bwibanze, ibikorwa remezo, urusobe, nubuhanga kugirango bakemure ibibazo bitandukanye byo gutanga ibikoresho kandi batange ibisubizo byanyuma. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kubera ikibazo cya politiki n’ubukungu bya Miyanimari bidasanzwe, ni byiza ko dukomeza kugezwaho amakuru agezweho aturuka ahantu hizewe mu gihe utegura ibikorwa by’ibikoresho mu gihugu.

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Miyanimari, izwi kandi ku izina rya Birmaniya, ni igihugu cyo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya gitanga imiyoboro inyuranye mpuzamahanga ituruka ku isoko ndetse n'ubucuruzi bugamije iterambere. Reka dusuzume bimwe muribi. 1. Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Yangon: Nka kibuga kinini cya Miyanimari n’irembo ry’ibanze ryinjira mu gihugu, ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Yangon ni ihuriro rikomeye ry’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Yorohereza ubwikorezi bwibicuruzwa kandi itanga amahirwe kubaguzi kwisi guhuza nabatanga ibicuruzwa byaho. 2. Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Mandalay: Iherereye mu karere ko hagati ya Miyanimari, Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Mandalay ni ikindi kibanza cy’ingenzi cyo gutwara abantu gitanga amahirwe y’ubucuruzi ku baguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka ibicuruzwa biva muri kano karere. 3. Icyambu cya Yangon: Icyambu cya Yangon gifite uruhare runini mu koroshya ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga no guhuza Miyanimari n'amasoko y'isi. Ikora nk'irembo rikomeye ryo kwinjiza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu no kohereza ibicuruzwa bya Birmaniya ku isi hose. 4. World Trade Center Yangon: World Trade Center (WTC) Yangon ni ikigo cy’ubucuruzi kizwi cyane giteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’ishoramari muri Miyanimari. Itegura imurikagurisha, imurikagurisha, ninama aho abaguzi kwisi bashobora guhura nabatanga isoko, bagashakisha ubufatanye bushoboka, nibicuruzwa biva mumirenge itandukanye. 5. Imurikagurisha rya Miyanimari: Iri murika ngarukamwaka ryabereye i Yangon rihuza amasosiyete yo mu karere ndetse n’amahanga yo mu nganda zitandukanye nk'inganda, ubuhinzi, ikoranabuhanga, ubuvuzi, ubukerarugendo, n'ibindi. Itanga urubuga rwiza ku bucuruzi bwo kwerekana ibicuruzwa / serivisi kuri bombi abakiriya bo mu gihugu no mu mahanga cyangwa abakiriya. 6. Yakozwe muri Miyanimari Expo: Yibanze cyane cyane ku kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bikorerwa mu karere ku isoko ry’isi, iri murika rigamije guhuza abakora ibicuruzwa n’abashobora kuba abaguzi bashishikajwe no kubona ibicuruzwa byiza byo muri Birmaniya byujuje ubuziranenge mu mirenge nk'imyenda n'imyenda, ubukorikori n'ibikoresho byo mu nzu, ibiryo n'ibinyobwa n'ibindi. 7.Imurikagurisha rya 33 ry’inganda zikora inganda (THAIMETAL): THAIMETAL ni rimwe mu imurikagurisha rinini ryo mu karere rikorwa buri mwaka i Bangkok rikurura abitabiriye benshi harimo n’abakora ibicuruzwa baturutse mu bihugu duturanye nka Miyanimari. Ikora nk'urubuga kubaguzi mpuzamahanga kugirango bashakishe amahirwe yo kubona isoko mubikorwa bya Miyanimari. 8. Hong Kong Mega Showcase: Iri murikagurisha rizwi cyane ryabereye muri Hong Kong buri mwaka rikurura abamurika n'abashyitsi baturutse hirya no hino ku isi, harimo na Miyanimari. Ibirori bikubiyemo inganda zitandukanye, uhereye ku bicuruzwa by’abaguzi kugeza kuri elegitoroniki, bitanga amahirwe ku baguzi mpuzamahanga guhuza n’abashoramari bo muri Birmaniya. Izi ni ingero nke gusa zingenzi zingenzi zo gushakisha amasoko hamwe nubucuruzi buboneka muri Miyanimari. Zitanga amahirwe menshi yo kwagura ubucuruzi, guhuza imiyoboro, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa biva mu gihugu ndetse no ku isi yose.

Imashini zishakisha

Muri Miyanimari, moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa ni izi zikurikira: 1. Google (www.google.com.mm): Google niyo moteri ishakisha izwi cyane kandi ikoreshwa cyane muri Miyanimari. Itanga uburambe bwubushakashatsi kandi iraboneka mundimi zombi nicyongereza. 2. Yahoo! Shakisha (www.yahoo.com): Yahoo ni indi moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa muri Miyanimari. Nubwo bidashobora gukundwa nka Google, itanga ibintu bitandukanye birimo amakuru, serivisi za imeri, nibirimo imyidagaduro. 3. Bing (www.bing.com): Bing ni moteri ishakisha yakozwe na Microsoft. Nubwo bidashobora gukoreshwa cyane muri Miyanimari ugereranije na Google cyangwa Yahoo, abantu bamwe bahitamo Bing kubintu byihariye nka wallpaper ya buri munsi. 4. DuckDuckGo (duckduckgo.com): DuckDuckGo ni moteri ishakisha ibanga ryibanga ryamamaye ku isi hose, ndetse no muri Miyanimari. Ntabwo ikusanya amakuru yihariye cyangwa ikurikirana ibikorwa byabakoresha nkizindi moteri zishakisha. 5. Yandex (www.yandex.com.mm): Yandex ni moteri ishakisha ikorera mu Burusiya ifite Miyanimari. Itanga ibisubizo byaho byihariye mugihugu kandi itanga serivisi nkamakarita, ibikoresho byubuhinduzi, hamwe nishakisha ryamashusho. 6. Baidu (www. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko nubwo izi ari zimwe mu moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa muri Miyanimari, gukundwa kwabo kurashobora gutandukana mubantu batandukanye ukurikije ibyo bakunda kandi bakeneye kubona amakuru kumurongo.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Miyanimari, igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya, gifite imbuga nyinshi zumuhondo zitanga amakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi na serivisi. Hano hari abantu bakomeye hamwe na aderesi zabo kurubuga: 1. Miyanimari Urupapuro rwumuhondo (www.myanmaryellowpages.biz): Urupapuro rwumuhondo rwa Miyanimari nimwe mubuyobozi bukuru mu bucuruzi mu gihugu. Itanga urutonde rurambuye rwinganda zitandukanye, zirimo ubuvuzi, kwakira abashyitsi, uburezi, nibindi byinshi. Urubuga rutanga amakuru yamakuru nka numero za terefone, aderesi, nurubuga rwibikorwa byashyizwe ku rutonde. 2. Ubuyobozi bwa Yangon (www.yangondirectory.com): Ububiko bwa Yangon nubuyobozi bwuzuye kumurongo bwibanze cyane kubucuruzi mumujyi wa Yangon. Irimo urutonde runini rwurutonde mubyiciro bitandukanye nka resitora, amahoteri, amaduka, na serivisi nka banki nu mutungo utimukanwa. 3. Ubuyobozi bwa Mandalay (www.mdydirectory.com): Ububiko bwa Mandalay nubuyobozi bwihariye bwita kubucuruzi mumujyi wa Mandalay. Ihuriro ryerekana imirenge itandukanye irimo amaduka acururizwamo, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, aho imyidagaduro, na serivisi zitwara abantu zishingiye i Mandalay. 4. Ububiko bwa serivisi ya peteroli na gazi ya Miyanimari (www.myannetaung.net/mogsdir): Ubuyobozi bwa Myanmar Oil & Gas Services Directory bwibanda ku nganda za peteroli na gaze mugutondekanya ibigo bitanga ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi byihariye bijyanye nuru rwego. 5. Ubuyobozi bwa terefone ya Miyanimari (www.mtd.com.mm/Ubuyobozi.aspx): Ubuyobozi bwa Terefone ya Miyanimari butanga interineti no ku mpapuro zirimo nimero za terefone ku bantu kimwe n'ubucuruzi mu turere dutandukanye tw'igihugu. Izi mbuga zavuzwe ni umutungo wingenzi kubantu bashaka ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi byihariye mubucuruzi bwa Miyanimari. Nyamuneka menya ko burigihe bisabwa kugenzura ukuri namakuru agezweho yamakuru yatondekanye kuriyi mbuga bitewe nibishobora guhinduka mugihe.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Miyanimari izwi kandi ku izina rya Birmaniya, ni igihugu cyo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya cyabonye iterambere rikomeye mu bucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi mu myaka mike ishize. Ibice byinshi bikomeye bya e-ubucuruzi bikorera muri Miyanimari. Dore bimwe mubigaragara hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Amaduka.com.mm: Nka imwe mu mbuga nini kandi zizwi cyane kuri e-ubucuruzi muri Miyanimari, Shop.com.mm itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi mubyiciro bitandukanye nka electronics, imideri, ubwiza, ibikoresho byo murugo, nibindi byinshi . Urubuga: https://www.shop.com.mm/ 2. GrabMart: Azwi cyane cyane kubikorwa byayo byo gutwara abantu, Grab ikora kandi urubuga rwo gutanga ibiribwa kumurongo rwitwa GrabMart. Abakoresha barashobora gutumiza ibicuruzwa bishya nibindi bicuruzwa biva mububiko bwaho binyuze muri porogaramu cyangwa kurubuga. Urubuga: https://www.grab.com/mm/mart/ 3. YangonDoor2Door: Uru rubuga ruzobereye muri serivisi zo gutanga ibiryo mumujyi wa Yangon. Abakoresha barashobora gushakisha muri resitora zitandukanye nigikoni kiboneka kurubuga cyangwa porogaramu hanyuma bagatanga amabwiriza yo kugemura urugo cyangwa amahitamo yo kubikuramo biboroheye. Urubuga: https://yangondoordoorexpress.foodpanda.my/ 4. Ihuriro ry’ibicuruzwa bya Ezay: Kugaburira cyane cyane icyaro cya Miyanimari mu guhuza abahinzi n’abaguzi ku murongo wa interineti, Ezay itanga umusaruro w’ubuhinzi nkimbuto n'imboga binyuze ku mbuga zawo mu gihe ibiciro by’impande zombi bireba. Urubuga (page ya Facebook): https://www.facebook.com/EzaySaleOnline 5 Urubuga: https://baganmart.com/ Izi ni ingero nke gusa za e-ubucuruzi bukomeye bwa e-ubucuruzi bukorera muri Miyanimari yihuta cyane ku isoko ry’isoko rya digitale. Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka no gukundwa bishobora guhinduka mugihe bitewe nisoko ryisoko; birasabwa gusura imbuga zabo cyangwa gukora ubushakashatsi kugirango ubone amakuru agezweho kurubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi bwa Miyanimari.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Miyanimari izwi kandi ku izina rya Birmaniya, ifite imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane mu baturage bayo. Dore urutonde rwa zimwe mu mbuga nkuru zihuza abantu benshi muri Miyanimari hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): Facebook kugeza ubu ni urubuga rukunzwe cyane kandi rukoreshwa cyane muri Miyanimari. Ikora nkigikoresho cyibanze cyitumanaho kubantu, ubucuruzi, nimiryango. 2. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Instagram ni urundi rubuga rukoreshwa cyane muri Miyanimari ruzwiho gusangira amafoto na videwo. Iyemerera abakoresha guhuza inshuti, ibyamamare, hamwe nababigizemo uruhare binyuze mubintu bigaragara. 3. Viber (www.viber.com): Viber ni porogaramu yohereza ubutumwa itanga ubutumwa bwanditse ku buntu no guhamagara kuri terefone ukoresheje umurongo wa interineti. Irazwi cyane muri Miyanimari kubera gukoresha amakuru make ugereranije nizindi porogaramu zo guhamagara. 4. Intumwa (www. 5. Umurongo (umurongo. . 6.WeChat: WeChat ni porogaramu igizwe n'abashinwa benshi; itanga abakoresha serivisi nko kohereza ubutumwa bwihuse, guhamagara kuri videwo / kohereza ubutumwa / imikino yo kuri videwo / gusoma / e-kwishyura / kugura imigabane n'ibindi. 7.TikTok (https://www. 8.YouTube (https://www.youtube.com): YouTube itanga serivise zo gusangira amashusho aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza amashusho yabo cyangwa bakareba ibiriho byashyizweho nabandi.Myanmar imaze kubona ikoreshwa ryuru rubuga vuba aha. 9.LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com): LinkedIn yibanda cyane cyane kumurongo wabigize umwuga n'amahirwe y'akazi. Abanyamwuga nimiryango myinshi muri Miyanimari bakoresha iyi platform mubikorwa byakazi. Izi ni zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga zimaze kumenyekana muri Miyanimari. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko gukundwa kwizi mbuga bishobora gutandukana ukurikije imyaka, inyungu, hamwe na interineti mu turere dutandukanye twigihugu.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Miyanimari, izwi kandi ku izina rya Birmaniya, ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya. Ifite ubukungu butandukanye hamwe ninganda zitandukanye zifite uruhare runini mugutezimbere. Amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Miyanimari hamwe nurubuga rwabo urutonde hano: 1. Ihuriro ry’ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi n’inganda (UMFCCI) - UMFCCI n’urwego nyamukuru ruhagarariye ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Miyanimari. Batanga ubuvugizi bwa politiki, amahirwe yo guhuza, na serivisi zunganira ubucuruzi. Urubuga: http://www.umfcci.com.mm/ 2. Ishyirahamwe ry’imyenda ya Miyanimari (MGMA) - MGMA ihagarariye inganda zikora imyenda muri Miyanimari. Bakora mu guteza imbere no gushyigikira iterambere ryuru rwego. Urubuga: https://myanmargarments.org/ 3. Ishyirahamwe rya ba rwiyemezamirimo bashinzwe ubwubatsi muri Miyanimari (MCEA) - MCEA ni ishyirahamwe rishyigikira ba rwiyemezamirimo bubaka babaha amakuru, amahugurwa, n’ubuyobozi kugira ngo bongere ubumenyi n'ubushobozi. Urubuga: http://www.mceamyanmar.org/ 4. Ishyirahamwe ry’abacuruzi bo muri Miyanimari (MRA) - MRA yiyemeje guteza imbere no guteza imbere inganda zicuruza muri Miyanimari binyuze mu buvugizi, urubuga rwo kungurana ubumenyi, n’ubufatanye bw’inganda. Urubuga: https://myanretail.com/ 5. Ishyirahamwe ry’abacuruzi bo muri Miyanimari (MRMA) - MRMA ihagarariye abacuruzi b umuceri bagize uruhare mu gucuruza umuceri muri Miyanimari ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: N / A. 6. Ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe yohereza ibicuruzwa muri Miyanimari (UMEA) - UMEA igamije guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bitandukanye itanga serivisi zita ku nkunga nk’ubushakashatsi ku isoko, ibikorwa biteza imbere ubucuruzi, gahunda yo kongerera ubushobozi abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Urubuga: http://umea-myanmar.com/ 7. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda mu karere ka Mandalay (MRCCI) - MRCCI ishyigikira ubucuruzi bukorera cyane cyane mu karere ka Mandalay binyuze mu bikorwa byo guhuza ibikorwa, imurikagurisha ry’imurikagurisha n’abandi. Urubuga: https://mrcci.org.mm/ Izi ni ingero nke gusa; Miyanimari ifite andi mashyirahamwe menshi y’inganda akubiyemo imirenge nk'ubuhinzi, ubukerarugendo, ikoranabuhanga, n'ibindi. Buri shyirahamwe rifite uruhare runini mu gushyigikira no guteza imbere inyungu z’inganda zayo mu gihugu.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Miyanimari izwi kandi ku izina rya Birmaniya, ni igihugu cyo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya gifite ubukungu bwiyongera kandi bwiyongera ku bashoramari mpuzamahanga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hari imbuga nyinshi zubukungu n’ubucuruzi zagenewe gutanga amakuru ku mahirwe y’ubucuruzi n’ishoramari muri Miyanimari. Dore zimwe mu mbuga zikomeye zubukungu nubucuruzi muri Miyanimari hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi (www.commerce.gov.mm): Urubuga rwemewe rwa Minisiteri y'Ubucuruzi rutanga amakuru agezweho kuri politiki y’ubucuruzi, amabwiriza, amahirwe yo gushora imari, hamwe n’isesengura ry’isoko muri Miyanimari. 2. Ubuyobozi bushinzwe ishoramari nubuyobozi bwisosiyete (www.dica.gov.mm): Urubuga rwa DICA rutanga amakuru yuzuye kubijyanye no kwiyandikisha kwamasosiyete, amategeko agenga ishoramari, amabwiriza agenga abashoramari b’amahanga, hamwe namakuru agezweho ku nzego zingenzi zishoramari. 3. Ihuriro ry’ishyirahamwe ry’ubucuruzi n’inganda (www.umfcci.com.mm): UMFCCI ihagarariye inyungu z’ibigo byigenga muri Miyanimari. Urubuga rwabo rutanga amakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi, ikirangaminsi cyibyabaye kumahirwe yo guhuza, ububiko bwabanyamuryango, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukora ubucuruzi muri Miyanimari. 4. Banki y'Isi - Gukora Ubucuruzi - Miyanimari (www.doingbusiness.org/en/data/exploreeconomies/myanmar): Uru rubuga rwakozwe n'umushinga wa Doing Business wa Banki y'Isi rwibanda gusa ku gutanga amakuru y'ingenzi yerekeye gutangiza umushinga muri Miyanimari nk'amabwiriza ajyanye impushya zo kubaka, zijyanye nimpushya / ibyemezo / uburyo bwo kwiyandikisha bukenewe hamwe nibisobanuro birambuye. 5. Gushora Yangon (investyangon.gov.mm) - Ishoramari Yangon ikora nk'urubuga rwemewe rwashyizweho na guverinoma y'akarere ka Yangon igamije gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga mu karere ritanga inkunga ihagije binyuze mu nzira zoroshye zirimo amakuru y’ubutaka hamwe n'ubushishozi. mu mirenge igamije kwibanda ku murwa mukuru - Yangon. 6. Icyumweru cya Mizzima Business Weekly (www.mizzimaburmese.com/category/business-news/burmese/): Mizzima nikigo cyamakuru cyo kumurongo gikubiyemo inzego zitandukanye zirimo imari ninganda zamabanki mugihe hagaragaramo ibiganiro nabayobozi bakuru, isesengura rya politiki, namakuru ku bijyanye n'ishoramari muri Miyanimari. 7. Ubucuruzi bwa Miyanimari Uyu munsi (www.mmbiztoday.com): Ikinyamakuru kizwi cyane cy’ubucuruzi gitanga amakuru agezweho ku nzego zitandukanye kuva mu buhinzi kugeza mu bukerarugendo, imari kugeza ku mutungo utimukanwa, ubucuruzi kugeza ku itumanaho - bifata amakuru menshi y’ingenzi kubantu bashishikajwe nubucuruzi bwigihugu. Izi mbuga zitanga ubumenyi bwingenzi mubihe byubukungu nubucuruzi bya Miyanimari. Abakoresha barashobora kubona amakuru yerekeye amabwiriza, politiki, amahirwe yo gushora imari, raporo yubushakashatsi ku isoko, imigendekere yinganda mubindi bisabwa kugirango bafate ibyemezo byuzuye bijyanye no gukora ubucuruzi cyangwa gushora imari muri iki gihugu kivuka.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari imbuga za interineti zibaza ibibazo bya Miyanimari: 1. Urubuga rw’ubucuruzi rwa Miyanimari - Urubuga rwemewe rwa Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi muri Miyanimari, rutanga amakuru y’ubucuruzi n’imibare yuzuye. Urubuga: https://www.myanmartradeportal.gov.mm 2. Ishami rishinzwe ibarurishamibare hagati (CSO) - Urubuga rwa CSO rutanga imibare itandukanye y’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi muri Miyanimari, harimo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, n’uburinganire bw’amakuru y’ubucuruzi. Urubuga: http://mmsis.gov.mm 3. ASEANstats - Iyi mibare y’ibarurishamibare yo mu karere ikubiyemo amakuru y’ubucuruzi ku bihugu bigize uyu muryango, harimo na Miyanimari. Abakoresha barashobora kubona ibipimo bitandukanye byubukungu n'imibare yubucuruzi. Urubuga: https://data.aseanstats.org 4. Ububikoshingiro bw’umuryango w’abibumbye - Iyi base base yisi yose itanga amakuru arambuye yubucuruzi bwibihugu byombi mubihugu birenga 170, harimo na Miyanimari. Abakoresha barashobora gushakisha mugihugu, ibicuruzwa, cyangwa igihe. Urubuga: https://comtrade.un.org 5. Ikarita y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga (ITC) Ikarita y’ubucuruzi - Umutungo wuzuye utanga imibare irambuye yo gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga ku bihugu bitandukanye ku isi, harimo na Miyanimari. Urubuga: https://www.trademap.org 6. Banki y'Isi DataBank - Uru rubuga rutanga uburyo butandukanye bwo kwerekana iterambere ry’isi yose hamwe n’amakuru y’ubukungu aturuka ahantu hatandukanye harimo imibare mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga muri Miyanimari. Urubuga: https://databank.worldbank.org/urugo.aspx

B2b

Muri Miyanimari, hari urubuga rwa B2B rutanga amahirwe kubucuruzi bwo guhuza no gukorana. Hano hari urubuga rukomeye hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Bizbuysell Miyanimari (www.bizbuysell.com.mm): Uru rubuga rutanga isoko ryo kugura no kugurisha imishinga. Iyemerera ba nyiri ubucuruzi gutondekanya ubucuruzi bwabo bwo kugurisha hamwe nabashobora kuba abaguzi gushakisha binyuze mumahitamo ahari. 2. Umuyoboro w’ubucuruzi wa Miyanimari (www.myanmarbusinessnetwork.net): Uru rubuga rukora nk'urubuga ruhuza, ruhuza ubucuruzi bwaho ndetse n’amahanga bukorera muri Miyanimari. Irabafasha gusangira amakuru, gushiraho ubufatanye, no gucukumbura amahirwe yubucuruzi. 3. BaganTrade (www.bagantrade.com): BaganTrade ni urubuga rwo gucuruza kumurongo rworohereza ubucuruzi bwimbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga mu nzego zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, ubwubatsi, imyenda, ubuvuzi, n'ibindi. 4. Urubuga rw’ubucuruzi ku isi (gtp.com.mm): Gutanga serivisi z’ubucuruzi zuzuye muri Miyanimari kuva mu 2009, Global Trade Portal itanga ubucuruzi butandukanye bujyanye n’ubucuruzi butandukanye mu gihugu. 5 6 7.TradeKey.my - Uru rubuga rwa B2B rwisi rwahariwe ibice byibihugu bitandukanye birimo Miyanimari (https://www.tradekey.my/mmy-ernumen.htm). Abashoramari barashobora gukora imyirondoro kururu rubuga aho bashobora kwerekana ibicuruzwa / serivisi; ifasha kandi abakoresha gushakisha abashobora gutanga / abaguzi mugihugu. Izi porogaramu zitanga inzira zo kuzamura ubucuruzi hifashishijwe uburyo bwo guhuza ibicuruzwa hagati yabatanga ibicuruzwa / abatanga ibicuruzwa hamwe n’abaguzi b’igihugu / mpuzamahanga / abaguzi cyangwa se bigateza imbere ubufatanye hagati y’ibigo bitandukanye mu bucuruzi bw’ibidukikije bya Miyanimari.