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Amasoko Nkuru
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Incamake y'igihugu
Hongiriya, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Hongiriya, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Igabana imbibi n’ibihugu birindwi birimo Otirishiya, Slowakiya, Ukraine, Romania, Seribiya, Korowasiya na Sloweniya. Umurwa mukuru wa Hongiriya ni Budapest. Hatuwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 10, Hongiriya ifite amateka akomeye n'umurage ndangamuco. Ururimi rwemewe ruvugwa ni Hongiriya. Igihugu gifite gahunda y’ubutegetsi bwa republika y’abadepite aho Perezida akora nk'umukuru w’igihugu naho Minisitiri w’intebe akaba umuyobozi w’ubutegetsi. Hongiriya yatanze umusanzu ukomeye mubice bitandukanye birimo siyanse, ubuvanganzo n'ubuhanzi. Abahanga mu bya siyansi nka Edward Teller n'umuhanga mu mibare John von Neumann bavukiye muri Hongiriya. Iki gihugu kandi kirimo abanditsi benshi bazwi nka Imre Kertész wegukanye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel mu buvanganzo. Ubukungu bwa Hongiriya nimwe mubihugu byateye imbere mubihugu byuburayi bwiburasirazuba. Ishingiye cyane ku nganda zishingiye ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga nko gukora amamodoka, imiti na serivisi z'ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho. Isoko ry’imigabane rya Budapest rifite uruhare runini mu gushinga urwego rw’imari. Ubukerarugendo nabwo bugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Hongiriya bitewe n’ahantu nyaburanga amateka n’ahantu nyaburanga. Ba mukerarugendo bakunze kwisukira i Budapest kugira ngo batangarire imyubakire yacyo itangaje harimo ibimenyetso nyaburanga nka Buda Castle hamwe n’inyubako y’Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Hongiriya hamwe no kuruhukira mu bwiherero bw’ubushyuhe bukurura abantu benshi. Ibyokurya muri Hongiriya byerekana aho biherereye hamwe n’ingaruka zituruka mu bihugu duturanye nka Otirishiya na Turukiya hamwe n’ibiryo gakondo bidasanzwe nka soup ya goulash (isupu y’inyama) ikundwa cyane n’abaturage ndetse n’abashyitsi kimwe. Muri rusange, Hongiriya izwiho umuco ukomeye, ahantu nyaburanga hamwe n’umusanzu wayo mu bumenyi n’ubuhanzi bigatuma iba ahantu nyaburanga haba ba mukerarugendo ndetse n’abatuye isi.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Hongiriya ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Ifaranga ryemewe rya Hongiriya ni Forint yo muri Hongiriya (HUF). Ni isoko ryemewe n'amategeko kuva 1946 igihe ryasimbuye ifaranga ryabanje, pengő yo muri Hongiriya. Forint igabanyijemo ibice bito byitwa fillér, ariko ibi byashaje muri 1999. Inoti ya forint ije mu madini atandukanye arimo 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000 na 20.000 HUF. Buri inoti yerekana imibare yingenzi kuva mumateka numuco wa Hongiriya. Ibiceri nabyo bikoreshwa muburyo bwo kwishyura hamwe n’amafaranga 5, 10, 20, 50 na 100 HUF. Igipimo cyivunjisha hagati ya forint nandi mafranga akomeye ahindagurika ukurikije uko isoko ryifashe. Birasabwa kugenzura amabanki cyangwa ibiro byemewe byo kuvunja mugihe cyo kuvunja amafaranga yamahanga kuri Forints ya Hongiriya. ATM iraboneka henshi muri Hongiriya aho abashyitsi bashobora gukuramo amafaranga bakoresheje amakarita mpuzamahanga yo kubikuza cyangwa amakarita y'inguzanyo. Visa na Mastercard byemewe mubigo byinshi birimo amahoteri, resitora, n'amaduka mumijyi minini nka Budapest. Ariko, nibyiza gutwara amafaranga cyane cyane mugihe ugenda mukarere ka kure cyangwa mumijyi mito aho amakarita yakirwa ashobora kuba make. Hongiriya kuba umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ntabwo ikoresha amayero nkifaranga ryayo ryemewe; ariko ubucuruzi bumwe na bumwe bwita kuri ba mukerarugendo bushobora kwakira amayero ariko ku gipimo cy’ivunjisha ridakwiye hamwe n’amafaranga yinyongera. Muri make, iyo usuye Hongiriya ni ngombwa kumenyana n’ifaranga ryemewe ry’igihugu -Ihuriro rya Hongiriya (HUF). Menya neza ko ufite amafaranga ahagije mu ntoki mugihe utekereza no guhitamo amabanki nka ATM zemera amakarita mpuzamahanga kubikorwa byoroshye mugihe uzaba muri iki gihugu cyiza.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe rya Hongiriya ni Forint yo muri Hongiriya (mu magambo ahinnye yitwa HUF). Kubijyanye n’igereranya ry’ivunjisha ry’ifaranga rikomeye rirwanya Forint ya Hongiriya, dore ingero nke: 1 USD ≈ 304 HUF 1 EUR ≈ 355 HUF 1 GBP ≈ 408 HUF 1 JPY ≈ 3 HUF Nyamuneka menya ko ibiciro byivunjisha bigereranijwe kandi birashobora guhinduka. Burigihe nibyiza kugenzura nibiciro byisoko cyangwa isoko yizewe kumakuru agezweho.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Hongiriya, igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, gifite iminsi mikuru myinshi y'igihugu ifitiye akamaro kanini abaturage bayo. Iyi minsi mikuru yerekana amateka akomeye, imigenzo gakondo, n'indangagaciro z'umuryango wa Hongiriya. Umwe mu minsi mikuru yizihizwa cyane muri Hongiriya ni umunsi wa Mutagatifu Sitefano ku ya 20 Kanama. Uyu munsi mukuru wibutse umwami wa mbere wa Hongiriya, Stephen I, wagize uruhare runini mu gushimangira no gukiriza igihugu. Ibirori byaranzwe nibirori bitandukanye birimo parade, kwerekana imiriro, ibitaramo ndetse n'imbyino gakondo za rubanda. Azwi cyane kandi nka "Umunsi wumugati mushya" aho umugati utetse mushya uhabwa umugisha nabayobozi b’amadini. Undi munsi mukuru ukomeye muri Hongiriya ni ku ya 23 Ukwakira wibutsa impinduramatwara ya Hongiriya yo mu 1956 irwanya ubutegetsi bw'Abasoviyeti. Kuri uyu munsi, Abanyangariya bateranira kwibuka abaharanira ubwisanzure bwa politiki n'ubwigenge muri iki gikorwa gikomeye mu mateka yabo. Inzibutso zitandukanye zirakorwa hirya no hino mu gihugu hifashishijwe disikuru z’abantu bakomeye ndetse n’imyigaragambyo yo mu muhanda yo guha icyubahiro abazize ubuzima muri uru rugamba. Ku ya 15 Werurwe ni iyindi tariki y'ingenzi ifite akamaro mu mateka ku Banyangariya kuko yizihiza isabukuru ya Revolution yo muri Hongiriya yo mu 1848 irwanya ubutegetsi bwa Habsburg. Kuri uyu munsi, hateguwe imihango mu gihugu hose mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro abantu bakomeye bagize uruhare muri iyi mpinduramatwara nka Lajos Kossuth na Sándor Petőfi. Ubwanyuma, 25-25 Ukuboza bizwi nkibiruhuko bya Noheri mugihe abanya Hongiriya bizihiza imigenzo ya Noheri hamwe nimiryango yabo hamwe nababo. Bahana impano munsi yigiti gitatse mugihe bishimira amafunguro gakondo nkumuzingo wuzuye imyumbati (töltött káposzta) cyangwa isupu yabarobyi (halászlé) ikurikirwa nubutayu nka Bejgli (umuzingo wimbuto) cyangwa Szaloncukor (bombo ya Noheri). Iyi minsi mikuru yigihugu ifitanye isano n’umuco muri Hongiriya kuko ishushanya ibyabaye mu mateka cyangwa ibirori by’amadini bisobanura umwirondoro n’ubumwe bw’abaturage ba Hongiriya.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Dukurikije amakuru aheruka, Hongiriya ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati gifite ubukungu bw’ubucuruzi bwuguruye kandi bukomeye. Aho igihugu giherereye kigira uruhare runini ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’i Burayi. Hongiriya ifite ibicuruzwa bitandukanye byoherezwa mu mahanga, birimo imashini n'ibikoresho, ibinyabiziga, imiti, ikoranabuhanga mu makuru (IT) ibicuruzwa, imiti, ibiribwa, n'ibikomoka ku buhinzi. Ibyo bicuruzwa bigurishwa cyane cyane n’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU), Ubudage bukaba ari umufatanyabikorwa ukomeye w’ubucuruzi muri Hongiriya. Abandi bafatanyabikorwa bakomeye barimo Otirishiya, Rumaniya, Ubutaliyani, Ubufaransa, Polonye, ​​Slowakiya na Repubulika ya Ceki. Ku bijyanye n’ibitumizwa muri Hongiriya, iki gihugu gishingiye cyane ku mashini n’ibikoresho biva mu Budage ndetse n’ibicuruzwa bitandukanye by’abaguzi nk’imodoka ziva mu Bubiligi no mu Butaliyani. Itumiza kandi imiti muri Polonye no mu Burusiya mu gihe itumiza imashini z'amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa. Guverinoma ya Hongiriya iteza imbere ishoramari ry’amahanga binyuze mu gutanga imisoro n’inkunga ku masosiyete ashyiraho inganda zikora mu gihugu. Ibi bivuze ko ubucuruzi bwiyongera mu bice nkibikorwa byo guteranya amamodoka aho amasosiyete menshi y’amahanga yashyizeho ibikoresho by’umusaruro muri Hongiriya. Byongeye kandi, Hongiriya yunguka cyane kuba umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bituma habaho isoko rinini ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga. Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi uhagarariye hejuru ya 70% y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bya Hongiriya bigatuma biba umuryango w’ubucuruzi mu kuzamura ubukungu bwabo. Muri rusange, Hongiriya yihagararaho nk'umukinnyi ukomeye mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga yifashisha aho iherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati hamwe na politiki nziza yo gushora imari. Binyuze mu mbaraga zihoraho zigamije gutandukanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga kimwe n’ubufatanye n’ibihugu by’ubucuruzi by’ingenzi haba mu bihugu by’Uburayi ndetse no ku mbibi zabyo; iki gihugu gito kidafite inkombe gikomeje kwerekana ibyiringiro byiterambere ryigihe kizaza mubucuruzi bwisi.
Iterambere ryisoko
Hongiriya ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Nubwo ari ntoya, Hongiriya ifite abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 9.7 kandi ifite ubukungu bukomeye. Igihugu cyakoranye umwete wo gufungura amasoko no gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga, ku buryo ari ahantu heza ho kwagura ubucuruzi. Ikintu cyingenzi kigira uruhare mubushobozi bwa Hongiriya mugutezimbere isoko ryubucuruzi nububanyi n’amahanga. Ikora nk'irembo hagati yuburayi bwiburasirazuba nuburengerazuba, butanga ubucuruzi kugera kumasoko atandukanye mukarere. Byongeye kandi, kuba Hongiriya kuba mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bituma abantu bagera ku isoko rinini ku isi, bikarushaho kuzamura ubushobozi bw’ubucuruzi. Ihungabana ry'ubukungu bwa Hongiriya ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi cyiyongera ku gushimisha iterambere ry’isoko ry’amahanga. Igihugu cyashyize mu bikorwa ivugurura ry’ubukungu ryagenze neza mu myaka yashize kandi rifite umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwa GDP. Byongeye kandi, itanga ibidukikije byorohereza ubucuruzi hamwe n’imisoro mike y’ibigo hamwe n’uburyo butandukanye ku bashoramari b’amahanga. Byongeye kandi, Hongiriya yateje imbere imiyoboro remezo ikomeye ifite umuhanda wa gari ya moshi uhujwe neza na gari ya moshi byorohereza gutwara ibicuruzwa haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Kuba hafi yubukungu bukomeye bwiburayi nabyo byongera imikorere yibikoresho. Ku bijyanye n'inganda, Hongiriya ifite inganda zipiganwa nko gukora amamodoka, imiti, serivisi z'ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, gutunganya ibiribwa, kongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'ibindi. Iyi mirenge itanga amahirwe meza kumasosiyete yamahanga ashaka kwinjira cyangwa kwagura isoko ryayo muri Hongiriya. Byongeye kandi, Hongiriya yungukira ku bakozi bize bafite ubumenyi buhanitse mu nzego zitandukanye. Igihugu cyibanze kuri gahunda z’uburezi n’amahugurwa y’imyuga; bityo rero ukemeza impano ihagije kubucuruzi bukorera mumipaka yabo. Nubwo hari amahirwe ategereje abifuza kumenya ubushobozi bw’isoko ry’ubucuruzi rya Hongiriya; kimwe nubundi bukungu bugenda buzamuka - ibibazo nabyo birahari.Ibyo bishobora kuba birimo imbogamizi za bureaucracy cyangwa inzitizi zururimi mubandi; icyakora ibyo birashobora kuneshwa binyuze mugutegura neza, gusobanukirwa umuco, hamwe nabafatanyabikorwa baho / abatanga isoko. Muri rusange, Hongiriya ifite amahirwe akomeye mugihe cyo guteza imbere amasoko y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Ahantu heza, ubukungu buhamye, inganda zipiganwa, imiyoboro ikomeye yibikorwa remezo hamwe nabakozi bafite ubumenyi buke bituma iba ahantu heza ho gushora imari no kwagura ubucuruzi.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Hongiriya, hari ibintu byinshi tugomba gusuzuma. Ubwa mbere, ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi ku isoko no gusesengura ibikenewe n’abakiriya ba Hongiriya. Igice kimwe gishobora guhitamo neza umusaruro ni ubuhinzi. Hongiriya ifite urwego rukomeye rwubuhinzi, ruzwiho imbuto nziza, imboga, na vino. Kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze birashobora kuba amahirwe yunguka, cyane cyane iyo bitwaye ibyemezo nkibicuruzwa ngengabuzima cyangwa ubucuruzi-bwiza. Urundi rwego rutanga umusaruro ni inganda. Hongiriya ifite inganda zikoresha amamodoka yateye imbere, bityo ibicuruzwa bijyanye nuru rwego bishobora gukundwa ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Ibi birimo ibice byimodoka nibikoresho cyangwa imashini / ibikoresho bikoreshwa mubikorwa byo gukora imodoka. Byongeye kandi, muri Hongiriya hagenda hakenerwa ibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije kandi birambye. Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije nkibikapu byongera gukoreshwa cyangwa ibikoresho bikoresha izuba birashobora gukurura abaguzi bangiza ibidukikije. Mu myaka yashize, ubukerarugendo nabwo bwagize uruhare runini mu bukungu bwa Hongiriya. Gutanga ibicuruzwa byihariye nkubukorikori gakondo cyangwa ibicuruzwa byaho birashobora kugaburira ba mukerarugendo bashaka uburambe nukuri. Hanyuma, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga hamwe na e-ubucuruzi bwamamaye kwisi yose; ibikoresho bya elegitoronike nka terefone zigendanwa, tableti, imashini yimikino byahindutse ibintu bishakishwa cyane mumasoko atandukanye harimo na Hongiriya. Muri rusange guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigomba kuzirikana ibintu nkibipimo ngenderwaho byo kugenzura ubuziranenge (kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi), ingamba zo guhatanira ibiciro mu gihe harebwa ibiranga umuco w’abaturage bateganijwe (urugero, ibyokurya bya Hongiriya / umuco wa divayi) bigira ingaruka ku byo abaguzi bakunda. Mu ncamake: ibicuruzwa byubuhinzi (imbuto & imboga), ibice byimodoka / ibikoresho byimashini bifitanye isano- cyane cyane ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije / birambye + ubukorikori gakondo / ibikomoka ku biribwa byita kuri ba mukerarugendo + ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bikwiranye n’ibiciro by’ubuziranenge hamwe n’ubushyuhe- kugurisha ibicuruzwa kubucuruzi bwubucuruzi bwamahanga bugamije ibyo abakiriya ba Hongiriya bakeneye.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Hongiriya, izwi ku izina rya Repubulika ya Hongiriya, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Azwiho amateka akungahaye n'umurage ndangamuco, Hongiriya nayo izwiho ibiranga abakiriya badasanzwe na kirazira. Ibiranga abakiriya: 1. Kwakira abashyitsi: Abanya Hongiriya muri rusange barashyuha kandi bakira abashyitsi. Bashima imyitwarire yubupfura no kwerekana ko bashishikajwe numuco wabo. 2. Kwubahiriza igihe: Gucunga igihe ni ngombwa kubanya Hongiriya, bityo kubahiriza igihe cyinama cyangwa gahunda birahabwa agaciro cyane. 3. Ubuyobozi: Ku bijyanye n'itumanaho, Abanyangariya bakunda kuba mu buryo butaziguye kandi butaziguye mu kwerekana ibitekerezo byabo cyangwa ibyo bakunda. 4. Kumenya ingengo yimari: Nubwo Hongiriya yabonye iterambere rikomeye mubukungu mumyaka yashize, abanya Hongiriya benshi baracyafite imitekerereze idahwitse mugihe cyo gukoresha amafaranga. Kirazira y'abakiriya: 1. Abakomunisiti ba kera: Irinde kuganira ku ngingo zijyanye n'ubukomunisiti cyangwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti keretse niba wasezeranye n'umuntu wakira ibiganiro nk'ibi. 2. Goulash kuba isupu gusa: Goulash (ibiryo gakondo bya Hongiriya) ntibigomba na rimwe kwitwa isupu gusa kuko bifite akamaro gakomeye kumuco kubanya Hongiriya. 3. Kwerekana intoki: Kwereka abantu cyangwa ibintu ukoresheje intoki zawe birashobora gufatwa nkubupfura mumico ya Hongiriya; ahubwo, koresha ibimenyetso bifunguye mugihe werekana ikintu. 4. Ikinyabupfura cyo gutanga impano: Mu muco wa Hongiriya, gutanga indabyo zingana cyane mubisanzwe bigenewe gushyingura; nibyiza rero kwerekana umubare udasanzwe windabyo mugihe cyo guterana. Gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya no kwirinda kirazira bizafasha kwemeza imikoranire myiza nabakiriya ba Hongiriya mugihe bagaragaza ko bubaha imigenzo n'imigenzo yabo
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Hongiriya, iherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, ifite gahunda yo gucunga neza gasutamo. Nk’umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) n’akarere ka Schengen, Hongiriya ikurikiza amabwiriza n’amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bijyanye na gasutamo na politiki yo gutumiza mu mahanga. Ubuyobozi bwa gasutamo bwa Hongiriya bushinzwe kurinda umutekano w’umupaka, gukusanya imisoro n’amahoro, koroshya ubucuruzi, no kubahiriza amabwiriza atandukanye ajyanye no gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga. Bashyira mu bikorwa ingamba zikomeye zo kugenzura ibikorwa byo kwinjiza magendu no gukomeza kubahiriza amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi. Abagenzi binjira cyangwa bava muri Hongiriya bagomba kunyura kumipaka yagenwe. Kuri bariyeri ya gasutamo, abashyitsi basabwa gutangaza ibicuruzwa byose bazanye cyangwa bakuye mu gihugu niba agaciro kabo karenze imipaka yashyizweho n'amategeko. Ibi birimo ibintu nkamafaranga yamafaranga arenze igipimo cyagenwe, ibicuruzwa byagaciro nkimitako cyangwa ibikoresho bya elegitoronike kugirango ukoreshwe kugiti cyawe, kimwe nibicuruzwa bigamije ubucuruzi. Ku bijyanye no gutumiza mu mahanga ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe nk'imbunda, ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa ibindi bintu bibujijwe; impushya zidasanzwe cyangwa impushya zirashobora gusabwa mubuyobozi bubishinzwe mbere yo kwinjira muri Hongiriya. Ni ngombwa ko abagenzi bamenya ko ibibujijwe byihariye bishobora gukoreshwa ku bicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi nkimbuto, imboga, ibikomoka ku nyama n’ibindi, bitewe n’ingamba zo kurengera ubuzima bw’ibimera zashyizwe mu bikorwa n’ubuyobozi bwa Hongiriya. Byongeye kandi, abantu ku giti cyabo bagomba kumenya kandi ko hari imipaka ku bicuruzwa by’itabi bitarimo amahoro n’ibinyobwa bisindisha bitewe n’uko bagenda muri EU cyangwa hanze yacyo. Kugira ngo wirinde icyakubangamira ku mipaka muri Hongiriya: 1. Menyera ibisabwa byihariye ubajije imbuga za leta zemewe zitanga amakuru agezweho kubyerekeye ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. 2. Menya neza ko ufite ibyangombwa byose nka pasiporo & visa. 3. Menyesha ibyo utunze mugihe winjiye / usohotse nibiba ngombwa. 4. Kurikiza byimazeyo amafaranga yo gutumiza / kohereza hanze kubijyanye n'inzoga / itabi. 5. Witwaze imiti yandikiwe hamwe nibisabwa byemewe mugihe bibaye ngombwa. 6.Gira amakenga mugihe utwaye ibicuruzwa byose byubuhinzi byambukiranya imipaka kubera imipaka / amabwiriza yashyizweho ninzego zibanze
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe muri Hongiriya igamije kugenzura ibicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu no kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu. Hongiriya ikurikiza uburyo bwimisoro ya gasutamo, yakwa ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye byatumijwe mu mahanga hashingiwe ku byiciro byabo muri gahunda ya Harmonized. Ku bicuruzwa byinshi, Hongiriya ikoresha amahoro rusange y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, agena ibiciro n’amategeko agenga ibiciro. Ariko, hariho bimwe bidasanzwe hamwe nimisoro yinyongera ikoreshwa kubicuruzwa bimwe. Muri rusange, ibikenerwa nkibanze byibiribwa (harimo imbuto, imboga, inyama, amata), imiti, nibikoresho fatizo byo kubyaza umusaruro ubusanzwe bishimira imisoro iri hasi cyangwa ntayo. Ibi bikorwa kugirango habeho kuboneka no guhendwa kubakoresha no gushyigikira ubucuruzi bwaho mumirenge ishingiye cyane kubitumizwa hanze. Ibicuruzwa bihenze nkibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byo mu rwego rwo hejuru (terefone igendanwa, mudasobwa), ibinyabiziga bihenze (imodoka), ibinyobwa bisindisha (vino) muri rusange bihura n’amahoro menshi iyo yinjiye muri Hongiriya. Igipimo cy’imisoro gishobora gutandukana bitewe nigihugu nkigihugu cyaturutse cyangwa amabwiriza yimisoro yongerewe agaciro. Mubisanzwe iyi misoro ikora nkuburyo bwo kwinjiza amafaranga mugihe irinda ibicuruzwa byaho mumarushanwa yamahanga. Byongeye kandi, Hongiriya ikoresha amasezerano y’ubucuruzi n’ibindi bihugu cyangwa uturere kugira ngo bigire ingaruka ku misoro yatumijwe mu mahanga. Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu agamije kugabanya imisoro ya gasutamo hagati y’ibihugu byitabiriye byorohereza abinjira mu mahanga mu buryo bworoshye kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho imisoro buhoro buhoro mu gihe runaka. Twabibutsa ko politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga ishobora guhinduka buri gihe bitewe n’ubukungu cyangwa politiki mu gihugu cyangwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Niyo mpamvu buri gihe ari byiza ko abacuruzi n’abantu ku giti cyabo bagize uruhare mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga na Hongiriya bagisha inama inzego zibishinzwe amakuru agezweho yerekeye ibyiciro by’ibicuruzwa bateganya kwinjiza / kohereza mu mahanga.
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Hongiriya ifite politiki y’imisoro idasanzwe yerekeye ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Igihugu gishyiraho umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) ku bicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga, ariko ku gipimo gito ugereranije na TVA yo mu gihugu. Igipimo rusange cy'umusoro ku nyongeragaciro muri Hongiriya ni 27%, ariko ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, ni 0% gusa. Uyu musoro ku gipimo cya zeru ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bivuze ko amasosiyete yo muri Hongiriya agurisha ibicuruzwa byayo mu mahanga atagomba kwishyura imisoro y'inyongera kuri ibyo bicuruzwa. Ibi bishishikariza ubucuruzi kohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi mu mahanga kandi bikazamura ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga ku gihugu. Icyakora, ni ngombwa kumenya ko umusoro ku nyongeragaciro wa zeru ukoreshwa gusa ku bucuruzi bwanditswe muri Hongiriya no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU). Niba igihugu kigana kiri mubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi yerekeye ubucuruzi bw’abaturage. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Hongiriya birashobora kwemererwa kubona izindi nyungu n’imisoro itangwa na leta. Kurugero, barashobora kwemererwa gusonerwa imisoro ya gasutamo cyangwa kugabanywa hakurikijwe amasezerano yubucuruzi yubuntu cyangwa gahunda zinyuranye. Politiki y’imisoro yohereza ibicuruzwa muri Hongiriya igamije kuzamura ubukungu binyuze mu kongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihe ikomeza kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Mu gutanga imisoro myiza ku bucuruzi bukora ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, Hongiriya iharanira gukurura abashoramari b’abanyamahanga no kwagura isoko ryayo ku isi. Mu gusoza, Hongiriya ishyira mu bikorwa umusoro ku nyongeragaciro ku bicuruzwa byinjira mu mahanga hanze y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi muri politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga. Ibi bishishikariza ubucuruzi bwa Hongiriya kwishora mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu gukuraho imisoro y’inyongera ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga no kuzamura ubukungu binyuze mu kongera ibyoherezwa mu mahanga.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Hongiriya, izwi kandi nka Repubulika ya Hongiriya, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Azwiho umuco ukomeye, amateka akomeye, n'ubukungu butandukanye. Ku bijyanye no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, Hongiriya yigaragaje nk'umukinnyi uhiganwa mu nganda zitandukanye. Igikorwa cyo kwemeza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byemeza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge n’ibisabwa mbere yo koherezwa mu mahanga. Hongiriya ikurikiza amabwiriza akomeye yashyizweho n’inzego z’igihugu ndetse n’amahanga kugira ngo yemeze ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Kugirango ubone icyemezo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Hongiriya, ubucuruzi bugomba kubahiriza inzira n'amabwiriza menshi. Ubwa mbere, ibigo bigomba kwiyandikisha mubuyobozi bwa leta bireba ubucuruzi nubucuruzi. Ibi birimo gutanga ibyangombwa nkimpushya zemewe / impushya, nimero iranga imisoro (TIN), hamwe nicyemezo cyo kwiyandikisha. Usibye ibyangombwa byo kwiyandikisha, abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Hongiriya bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yihariye agenga ubwoko bwibicuruzwa byohereza hanze. Aya mabwiriza ashobora kuba akubiyemo ibimenyetso byihariye byo gupakira cyangwa gupakira byateganijwe n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi cyangwa ibipimo by’umutekano byashyizweho n’ibihugu bitumiza mu mahanga. Impapuro zose zikenewe zimaze kuzuzwa no kubahiriza ibicuruzwa byemejwe, abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri Hongiriya barashobora gusaba icyemezo cyo kohereza mu mahanga ikigo cya leta cyangwa ikigo kibishinzwe gishinzwe inganda. Icyemezo kigenzura ko ibicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze byujuje ubuziranenge bujyanye nibisabwa. Sisitemu yo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Hongiriya igira uruhare runini mu gukorera mu mucyo, gukorera mu mucyo, no kwizerwa hagati yohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga n'abinjira mu mahanga ku isi. Kugira ibyo byemezo ntabwo byongera isoko gusa ahubwo binongera izina rya Hongiriya nkumufatanyabikorwa wubucuruzi wizewe. Mu gusoza, kubona ibyemezo byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Hongiriya bikubiyemo intambwe zitandukanye nko kwandikisha ubucuruzi kubahiriza amabwiriza yihariye y'ibicuruzwa bikurikirwa no gusaba icyemezo cyoherezwa mu mahanga n'inzego zibishinzwe. Izi ngamba zigira uruhare runini mu gukomeza amahame yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yohereza ibicuruzwa muri Hongiriya ku isi hose mu gihe biteza imbere umubano mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi
Basabwe ibikoresho
Hongiriya ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. N’ubwo ari ntoya, Hongiriya ifite inganda zateye imbere kandi zikora neza zikoreshwa nkibikoresho byingenzi byubucuruzi nubwikorezi mukarere. Hano hari amakuru asabwa yerekeye ibikoresho bya Hongiriya: 1. Ahantu hateganijwe: Ahantu heza h’igihugu cya Hongiriya haratanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kugera kumasoko akomeye yuburayi, bigatuma iba ahantu heza hinjira kumugabane. Hamwe n’umuhanda uhuza neza kandi wegereye inzira zingenzi zitwara abantu, harimo n’imihanda minini nka E75 na E60, Hongiriya itanga uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza ibihugu bituranye nka Otirishiya, Slowakiya, Sloweniya, Seribiya, na Rumaniya. 2. Ibikorwa Remezo bifatika: Igihugu cyashoramari cyane mubikorwa remezo by’ibikoresho mu myaka yashize. Ifite ibibuga byindege byinshi bigezweho harimo ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Budapest Ferenc Liszt - kimwe mu bibuga binini byo mu karere - gikora neza imizigo n’abagenzi. Byongeye kandi, Hongiriya ifite imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi itunganijwe neza yorohereza gutwara ibicuruzwa neza mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga. 3. Serivisi ishinzwe ibikoresho: Hongiriya yakiriye amasosiyete menshi y’ibikoresho atanga serivisi zitandukanye nko kohereza ibicuruzwa, kubika ibicuruzwa no kubikemura, ubufasha bwa gasutamo, na serivisi zishinzwe gutanga amasoko. Izi sosiyete zizwiho gukora neza, kwizerwa, inzego zipiganwa zipiganwa hamwe na serivisi nziza. 4. Agace kihariye k’ubukungu (SEZs): Hongiriya yashyizeho SEZ nyinshi zifite ingamba mu gihugu hose kugira ngo ziteze imbere ishoramari ry’amahanga zitanga imisoro myinshi kandi inonosora uburyo bw’ubuyobozi bukorera muri utwo turere. Uturere dutanga uburyo bwiza bwibikorwa byo gukora mugihe tunatezimbere uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko binyuze mubikoresho bihujwe. 5.Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi: Kuba umunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU) kuva 2004 n’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi (WTO), Hongiriya ifite umubano w’ubucuruzi ukomeye n’ibindi bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi ku isi hanze y’Uburayi binyuze mu masezerano y’ibihugu byombi yorohereza kugenda ku buntu ku bicuruzwa ku mipaka. Mu gusoza, Hongiriya ifite imbaraga zingenzi nk’aho iherereye, ibikorwa remezo bikora neza, serivisi zitandukanye z’ibikoresho, ahantu hihariye mu bukungu hagamijwe gukurura ishoramari ry’amahanga, no kugira uruhare mu masezerano mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi. Izi ngingo zigira uruhare runini muri Hongiriya nkaho ari ahantu heza ho gukorera ibikorwa by’ibikoresho kandi bikagira uruhare rukomeye mu ihuriro ry’ibicuruzwa by’i Burayi.
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Hongiriya, iherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, itanga inzira nyinshi z’amasoko mpuzamahanga n’amasoko y’ubucuruzi kugira ngo ubucuruzi bushakishe. Izi porogaramu zitanga amahirwe kumasosiyete guhuza nabashobora kugura no kwagura isoko ryabo kwisi yose. 1. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya Budapest (Budapesti Nemzetközi Vásár): Iri serukiramuco ngarukamwaka ni kimwe mu bucuruzi bugaragara muri Hongiriya, bukurura abantu benshi berekana imurikagurisha n'abaguzi. Imurikagurisha rikubiyemo inzego zitandukanye nk'imodoka, gutunganya ibiryo, IT, ubwubatsi, imashini, n'ibindi. 2. MACH-TECH & IMINSI Y’INGANDA: MACH-TECH ni imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi ryibanda cyane cyane ku mashini n’ikoranabuhanga mu nganda zikora. Itanga urubuga rwubucuruzi kugirango berekane ibicuruzwa na serivisi kubateze isi yose kandi binorohereza amahirwe yo guhuza abakiriya bashobora kuba abakiriya. 3. HUNGEXPO Budapest Imurikagurisha: HUNGEXPO ni ikigo kinini cyerekana imurikagurisha muri Hongiriya cyakira imurikagurisha ryihariye ry’ubucuruzi mu mwaka wose mu nzego nyinshi nk'ubuhinzi, iterambere ry’imitungo itimukanwa, ibisubizo by’ikoranabuhanga mu buvuzi, ibikorwa by’ubukerarugendo n'ibindi. 4. Amasoko yo kumurongo: Imiyoboro inyuranye yo kuri interineti irusheho korohereza ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi mu masoko ya Hongiriya. Imbuga nka Alibaba.com cyangwa Uburayi B2B Isoko ryisoko ritanga uburyo bwo gutanga amasoko menshi ya Hongiriya mu nganda zinyuranye kuva imyenda kugeza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki cyangwa ibikomoka ku buhinzi. 5. Ibiro bya komisiyo ishinzwe ubucuruzi muri Hongiriya mu mahanga: Hongiriya yashyizeho ibiro bya komisiyo yubucuruzi mubihugu bitandukanye kwisi yose nkibikoresho bifasha mugushakisha abaguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi bya Hongiriya mumahanga. Ibiro birashobora gufasha ubucuruzi bufite ubushishozi bwisoko mugihe ubihuza nabacuruzi baho cyangwa abatumiza hanze. 6.Urugaga mpuzamahanga rw’ubucuruzi Hongiriya (ICC): ICC Hongiriya ifite uruhare runini mu guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu byombi itegura amahuriro y’ubucuruzi yerekana ibicuruzwa bya Hongiriya mu mahanga - ibi bitanga urubuga aho amasosiyete yo mu gihugu ndetse n’abatumiza mu mahanga bashobora gushyiraho umubano w’ingirakamaro mu bufatanye buzaza. 7.Hungariya yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze-bitumizwa mu mahanga (Eximbank): Nka banki ya leta yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze-bitumizwa mu mahanga, Eximbank itanga inkunga y'amafaranga ku masosiyete yo mu gihugu akora ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ntabwo Eximbank itanga ibisubizo byinkunga kubohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, abatumiza mu mahanga nabo bashobora kungukirwa na gahunda zabo na serivisi mugihe bakura ibicuruzwa muri Hongiriya. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko imiyoboro yavuzwe haruguru hamwe nubucuruzi byerekana impinduka nimpinduka mugihe runaka. Ibigo byifuza bigomba kwifashisha amasoko yemewe nk’imiryango ya leta y’ubucuruzi, urugereko rw’ubucuruzi, cyangwa abategura ibirori kugira ngo bamenye amakuru nyayo kandi agezweho ku bihe biri imbere n'amahirwe yo gutanga amasoko mpuzamahanga muri Hongiriya.
Muri Hongiriya, hari moteri nyinshi zishakisha abantu bakoresha mugushakisha interineti. Dore bimwe muri byo: 1. Google Hongiriya: moteri ishakisha izwi cyane kwisi yose, Google nayo ifite verisiyo yaho muri Hongiriya. Urashobora gusura verisiyo yabo ya Hongiriya kuri www.google.hu. 2. Gutangira: Startlap ni portal ya Hongiriya ikubiyemo serivisi zitandukanye nka imeri, amakuru, hamwe na moteri ishakisha. Moteri yabo yo gushakisha irashobora kuboneka kuri www.startlap.hu/kereso. 3. Bing: moteri ishakisha ya Microsoft Bing nayo ikoreshwa cyane muri Hongiriya. Urashobora kuyikoresha usura www.bing.com. 4. Yahoo!: Yahoo! iracyafite abakoresha benshi muri Hongiriya, kandi urashobora kubona moteri yabo ishakisha kuri www.yahoo.hu. 5. DuckDuckGo: Azwiho kwibanda ku buzima bwite no kudakurikirana amakuru y’abakoresha, DuckDuckGo atanga kandi serivisi zayo muri Hongiriya abinyujije ku rubuga rwabo www.duckduckgo.com. 6 .Onet: Onet ni urundi rubuga ruzwi cyane rwo muri Hongiriya rutanga serivisi zitandukanye zirimo imeri no gukusanya amakuru; bafite kandi moteri yabo yo gushakisha ushobora kubona kuri https://www.onet.hu/. 7 .Saba.com - Baza.com nubundi buryo hamwe na verisiyo yihariye ya Hongiriya iboneka kuri https://hu.ask.com/. Izi ni zimwe gusa muri moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa muri Hongiriya; icyakora, twakagombye kumenya ko Abanyangariya benshi nabo bahora bakoresha urubuga mpuzamahanga nka Google cyangwa Bing aho gukoresha verisiyo zaho mugushakisha.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Ububiko nyamukuru bwa Hongiriya ububiko bwibanze buboneka kumurongo, hamwe nurubuga rwinshi rutanga urutonde rwuzuye rwibikorwa na serivisi muri iki gihugu. Dore zimwe mu mbuga za page zigaragara z'umuhondo muri Hongiriya: 1. Yellux (www.yellux.com): Yellux nubuyobozi bukoreshwa cyane kumurongo muri Hongiriya butanga urutonde rwubucuruzi butandukanye mubyiciro bitandukanye. Itanga uburyo bwiza bwo gushakisha, harimo ahantu na serivisi byihariye. 2. Cylex (www.cylex.hu): Cylex Hongiriya nubuyobozi bwagutse butuma abakoresha gushakisha ubucuruzi mubyiciro cyangwa ahantu. Harimo kandi amakuru yinyongera nkamakuru arambuye, amasaha yo gufungura, hamwe nisuzuma ryabakiriya. 3. Umuhondo.hu (www.yellowpages.hu): YellowPages.hu nubundi bubiko bukunzwe kumurongo aho abakoresha bashobora kubona amakuru kubyerekeranye nubucuruzi ukurikije aho bifuza cyangwa ubwoko bwinganda. 4. OpenAd (en.openad. 5. 36ker.com: Uru rubuga rwita cyane cyane mubucuruzi buherereye i Budapest, rutanga urutonde rwuzuye rwibigo bikorera mumurwa mukuru mumirenge itandukanye. 6. Ubucuruzi bw’intara ya Oktibbeha (oktibbehacountybusinessdirectory.com): Nubwo byibanda cyane cyane mu Ntara ya Oktibbeha muri Mississippi, ubu bubiko mpuzamahanga bugaragaza ubucuruzi bwa Hongiriya bukora mu nganda zitandukanye. Uru rubuga rwumuhondo rukora nkibikoresho byingenzi kubantu bashaka amakuru yamakuru hamwe nibisobanuro bijyanye nubucuruzi na serivisi bya Hongiriya mu nzego zinyuranye nko kwakira abashyitsi, ubuvuzi, aho bacururiza, serivisi zumwuga, nibindi.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Hongiriya, igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, cyateye imbere cyane mu bucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi mu myaka yashize. Ibice byinshi byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi bikorera muri Hongiriya, bitanga ibicuruzwa byinshi na serivisi kubakoresha. Dore bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi muri Hongiriya: 1. Emag. Urubuga: www.emag.hu 2. Alza. Urubuga: www.alza.hu 3. Mall.hu: Mall nu mucuruzi wambere ucuruza muri Hongiriya hamwe nisoko ryagutse rya interineti rikubiyemo ibyiciro bitandukanye byibicuruzwa birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho by'imyambarire, ibicuruzwa byiza nibindi byinshi. Urubuga: www.mall.hu 4. Digitale ikabije (edigital.hu): Azwiho ubwinshi bwibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike kuva kuri terefone zigendanwa kugeza kuri sisitemu yo kwidagadura murugo hamwe nibikoresho bya mudasobwa; Extreme Digital yita kubakoresha ubumenyi-buhanga hamwe nibiciro byapiganwa. Urubuga: www.edigital.hu 5.Tesco Kumurongo (tescoonline.com): Tesco iri mumurongo minini ya supermarket kwisi yose hamwe nurubuga rwa interineti aho abakiriya bashobora gutumiza ibiribwa byoroshye hamwe nibindi bikoresho byo murugo byo kugemura murugo cyangwa kubikuramo mububiko bwatoranijwe. Urubuga: www.tescoonline.com/hu-hu 6.Jofogo (jofogo.co.uk): Inzobere mu bikoresho bya kabiri nk'ibikoresho byo mu nzu n'imyambaro; Jofogo itanga abakoresha urubuga rworoshye rwo kugura no kugurisha ibicuruzwa byakoreshejwe. Urubuga: jofogo.co.uk/hungary/informatio/kuri-us 7.Digiprime Webáruház (digiprime.eu) - Umucuruzi wo kumurongo winzobere mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi nka terefone zigendanwa, amasaha, Gadgets, imashini yimikino, nibindi bikoresho. Urubuga: www.digiprime.eu Izi ni nkeya mubikorwa byibanze bya e-ubucuruzi bikorera muri Hongiriya. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ibihangange mpuzamahanga bya e-ubucuruzi nka Amazon nabyo bifasha abakiriya muri Hongiriya, bitanga uburyo bwo kubona ibicuruzwa byinshi binyuze mububiko bwabo bwo kumurongo.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Hongiriya, kimwe n'ibindi bihugu byinshi, ifite imbuga nkoranyambaga zidasanzwe hamwe n'imbuga rusange. Izi mbuga zihuza inyungu n’ibyifuzo byabaturage ba Hongiriya. Hano hari imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane muri Hongiriya hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/): Facebook ni urubuga rwisi, ariko rufite umwanya ukomeye muri Hongiriya. Iyemerera abakoresha guhuza inshuti nimiryango, gusangira ibishya, amafoto, videwo, no kwinjira mumatsinda cyangwa ibyabaye. 2. Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/): Instagram ni urundi rubuga rukoreshwa cyane mu mbuga nkoranyambaga muri Hongiriya. Yibanze ku gusangira amafoto na videwo mugihe utanga filteri zitandukanye hamwe nuburyo bwo guhindura. 3. Viber (https://www.viber.com/): Viber ni porogaramu yohereza ubutumwa itanga kandi guhamagara amajwi, guhamagara kuri videwo, no kuganira mu matsinda. Hamwe nibintu nka stikeri nimikino, bimaze kumenyekana mubakoresha Hongiriya. 4. LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com/): LinkedIn ni urubuga rwumwuga rukoreshwa nabakozi babigize umwuga kwisi yose, harimo na Hongiriya. Abakoresha barashobora gukora imyirondoro yerekana uburambe bwakazi nubuhanga bwabo kugirango bahuze nabakoresha cyangwa urungano mubikorwa byabo. 5. Twitter (https://twitter.com/): Twitter ni urubuga rwa microblogging aho abakoresha bashobora kohereza ubutumwa bugufi buzwi nka "tweet." Abanya Hongiriya bakoresha Twitter mugusangira amakuru mashya, ibitekerezo kubyabaye cyangwa kwishora mubiganiro rusange. 6 .TikTok (https://www.tiktok.com/): Icyamamare cya TikTok cyiyongereye ku isi hose vuba aha kubera kwibanda kuri videwo ngufi abantu bashobora gukora bakoresheje muyungurura n'ingaruka zitandukanye. 7 .Snapchat: Snapchat yibanze cyane cyane kubutumwa bwubutumwa bwigihe gito buzwi nka "snap" mubagenzi cyangwa abayoboke binyuze mumashusho cyangwa videwo ngufi. . 9 .Ihuriro rya Index (https://forum.index.hu/): Ironderero ni portal izwi cyane yo muri Hongiriya kandi ifite ihuriro rikora aho abakoresha bashobora kuganira ku ngingo zitandukanye, zirimo ibyabaye n'ibibazo biriho. Izi nizo ngero nke gusa zimbuga nkoranyambaga hamwe nu mbuga za interineti Hongiriya ikoresha. Ariko, birakwiye ko tumenya ko urubuga rwisi nka Facebook na Instagram rufite imbaraga nyinshi mubihugu byinshi kwisi, harimo na Hongiriya.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Hongiriya izwiho ubukungu butandukanye kandi bukomeye, kandi amashyirahamwe akomeye y’igihugu agira uruhare runini mu gushinga no guteza imbere inzego zitandukanye. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Hongiriya hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Hongiriya (Magyar Kereskedelmi és Iparkamara): Urugereko rw’igihugu ruhagarariye ubucuruzi bwose muri Hongiriya, butanga inkunga, ubuvugizi, na serivisi zifasha ibigo gutera imbere. Urubuga: https://mkik.hu/en/ 2. Ishyirahamwe ry’amabanki muri Hongiriya (Magyar Bankszövetség): Yerekana inyungu z’amabanki akorera muri Hongiriya, agamije guteza imbere ibidukikije by’imari bihamye mu gihe harebwa gukorera mu mucyo no kurengera umuguzi. Urubuga: https://bankszovetseg.hu/icyongereza 3. Ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu cya Hongiriya ryaba rwiyemezamirimo n’abakoresha (Vállalkozók és Munkáltatók Országos Szövetsége - VOSZ): Iri shyirahamwe rihagarariye ubucuruzi buciriritse buciriritse mu mirenge, bwibanda ku kuzamura ubucuruzi bw’abanyamuryango mu gihe biteza imbere kwihangira imirimo. Urubuga: https://www.vosz.hu/index-en.html 4. Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda muri Hongiriya (Gyáriparosok Országos Szövetsége - GOSSY): Ishyirahamwe rikomeye rihagarariye amasosiyete akora inganda muri Hongiriya ateza imbere ikoranabuhanga, guhanga udushya, ibikorwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, n’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga mu miryango y’abanyamuryango. Urubuga: http://gossy.org/en/ 5. Ishyirahamwe ry’abatanga serivisi zo muri Hongiriya (Magyar Logisztikai Szolgáltató Egyesület - MLSZE): Umuryango w’umwuga wibanda ku batanga serivisi z’ibikoresho ugamije guteza imbere ubufatanye hagati y’abanyamuryango mu gihe bakemura ibibazo byugarije uru rwego. 6. Ihuriro ry’inganda z’imodoka zo muri Hongiriya (Automotive Hongiriya Klaszter): Yerekana abakora amamodoka mu nganda zitandukanye zirimo OEM (Abakora ibikoresho byumwimerere), abatanga ibikoresho, ibigo bya R&D muri kaminuza cyangwa ibigo byubushakashatsi bigira uruhare mubushakashatsi bwimodoka niterambere. Urubuga: http://www.automotiveturkey.com.tr/EN/ 7. Ishyirahamwe ry’abashoramari bo muri Hongiriya (Masosz): Umuryango wabigize umwuga uhagarariye abatanga serivisi zitanga serivisi mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo IT, serivisi z’itumanaho, ibaruramari, serivisi za HR, n’ibindi, bifatanyiriza hamwe guteza imbere Hongiriya nk'ahantu heza h’abashoramari. Urubuga: http://www.masosz.hu/en/ Aya mashyirahamwe afite uruhare runini mu guteza imbere inyungu z’inganda zabo muri Hongiriya no guteza imbere ubufatanye n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga. Nyamuneka menya ko amakuru yatanzwe ashingiye kumikoreshereze yaboneka kumurongo mugihe cyo gusubiza. Urubuga rumwe cyangwa amazina amwe arashobora guhinduka mugihe; kubwibyo, birasabwa gushakisha kurubuga rwubu rwamashyirahamwe mugihe bikenewe.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Hongiriya ni igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati. Ifite ubukungu butera imbere kandi izwiho inganda, ubuhinzi, n’ubukerarugendo. Dore zimwe mu mbuga za mbere mu bukungu n’ubucuruzi muri Hongiriya: 1. Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ishoramari muri Hongiriya (HIPA) - Urubuga rwa HIPA rutanga amakuru ajyanye n'amahirwe yo gushora imari, gushimangira, hamwe n’ubucuruzi muri Hongiriya. Urubuga: https://hipa.hu/ 2. Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga n’ubucuruzi - Uru rubuga rwa leta rwemewe rutanga amakuru yuzuye kuri politiki y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, amabwiriza yoherezwa mu mahanga n’amahanga, amahirwe yo gushora imari, n’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi. Urubuga: http://www.kormany. 3. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Hongiriya (MKIK) - Urubuga rwa MKIK nisoko yingirakamaro kubucuruzi bushaka gushinga ubufatanye cyangwa gushakisha amahirwe yubucuruzi muri Hongiriya. Itanga amakuru kubyabaye, ibitabo, serivisi kuri ba rwiyemezamirimo, raporo zubushakashatsi ku isoko, nibindi. Urubuga: https://mkik.hu/en/homepage/ 4. Banki nkuru y’igihugu cya Hongiriya (Magyar Nemzeti Bank) - Urubuga rwemewe rwa banki nkuru ikubiyemo amakuru y’ubukungu nk’ibiciro by’ifaranga, igipimo cy’ivunjisha, amatangazo ya politiki y’ifaranga ashobora kugirira akamaro abashoramari cyangwa ubucuruzi buteganya kwishora ku isoko rya Hongiriya. Urubuga: https://www.mnb.hu/en 5. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda rwa Budapest - Urubuga rw’urugereko rutanga ibikoresho bitandukanye bijyanye na serivisi z’ubucuruzi ziboneka i Budapest kimwe n’amakuru agezweho ajyanye n’ubucuruzi bwaho. Urubuga: http://bkik.hu/en/ 6. Kuzamura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga Ltd (HEPA) - HEPA ifasha abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bo muri Hongiriya batanga serivisi zijyanye n’ubujyanama mu mahanga hamwe no gutegura ibirori byerekana amahirwe y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga. Urubuga: https://hepaexport.com/ 7. Financial Times Raporo idasanzwe kuri Hongiriya - Financial Times itangaza raporo zidasanzwe zibanze ku bihugu bitandukanye harimo na Hongiriya itanga ubumenyi ku bukungu bw'igihugu duhereye ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Urubuga: https://www.ft.com/reports/hungary Izi mbuga zirashobora kuba intangiriro kubashaka kumenya ibijyanye nubukungu nubucuruzi bya Hongiriya. Buri gihe birasabwa gukora ubundi bushakashatsi no kwegera ibigo bireba amakuru yihariye cyangwa ubufasha bushingiye kubyo buri muntu akeneye.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hongiriya, nkumunyamuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ifite gahunda y’ubucuruzi yateye imbere mu buryo bworoshye itanga amakuru ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Hano hari imbuga zimwe ushobora gusangamo amakuru yubucuruzi muri Hongiriya: 1. Ibiro bishinzwe ibarurishamibare muri Hongiriya (KSH) - KSH nisoko yambere yamakuru y’ibarurishamibare muri Hongiriya. Itanga imibare yubucuruzi yuzuye, harimo amakuru arambuye yohereza no kohereza hanze. Urashobora kubona base base kuri: http://www.ksh.hu/docs/eng/xftp/stattukor/hunsum.xls 2. Ibiro bishinzwe gutanga uruhushya rwo gucuruza muri Hongiriya (ITT) - ITT itanga amakuru yingenzi ku bikorwa by’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Hongiriya, harimo ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga / ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byacurujwe. Urubuga rutanga raporo zigezweho n'imibare ku bucuruzi mpuzamahanga: http://www.itthonrol.onyeiadatok.hu/ 3. Fondasiyo y'Iterambere ry'Imishinga (EDF) - EDF ni umuryango ushyigikiwe na leta uteza imbere ishoramari ry’amahanga muri Hongiriya kandi ryorohereza ubucuruzi kwinjira ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Urubuga rwabo rutanga ubushakashatsi bwingenzi ku isoko namakuru ajyanye no gutumiza / kohereza hanze: https://en.magzrt.hu/ubushakashatsi/services 4. Ububiko bw’ubucuruzi bwa komisiyo y’ibihugu by’Uburayi - Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ukurikirana ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bikurikirana imigendekere y’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango harimo na Hongiriya. Urashobora gushakisha amakuru yihariye yohereza / gutumiza mu mahanga arimo Hongiriya hano: https://trade.ec.europa. 5. Banki y'Isi Yuguruye Amakuru - Banki y'Isi itanga urutonde rwuzuye rw'ubukungu ku bihugu byo ku isi, harimo n'ibijyanye n'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ushaka amakuru arambuye yo muri Hongiriya amakuru yo gutumiza / kohereza hanze sura iyi page: https://data.worldbank.org/country/hungary?view=chart

B2b

Hongiriya, igihugu giherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, gifite urubuga rwa B2B rwita ku nganda n’imirenge itandukanye. Izi porogaramu zikora nk'isoko ryubucuruzi guhuza no gukora ibikorwa. Hano hari urubuga rukomeye rwa B2B muri Hongiriya hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. EUROPAGES Hongiriya (https://www.europages.hu/): Europages ni urubuga rwa B2B ruyoboye ibihugu byinshi byu Burayi. Itanga ububiko bwuzuye bwubucuruzi bwa Hongiriya mu nganda nyinshi, butuma ibigo bihuza kandi bigakorana. 2. Hwex (https://hwex.hu/): Hwex ni isoko rya B2B kumurongo ryagenewe cyane cyane amasosiyete yubucuruzi yo muri Hongiriya. Itanga urubuga kubaguzi nabatanga ibicuruzwa biva mubice bitandukanye nka electronics, imyenda, ibicuruzwa byibiribwa, imashini, nibindi byinshi. 3. Kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.Hu (http://exporters.hu/): Abasohora ibicuruzwa.hu numuyoboro mugari wubucuruzi kumurongo uteza imbere imishinga yohereza ibicuruzwa muri Hongiriya. Ikora nk'urubuga rw'abakora ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu n'abasohoka mu mahanga kugira ngo berekane ibicuruzwa byabo cyangwa serivisi, babahuza n'abashobora kugura ku isi hose. 4. TradeFord Hongiriya (https://hungary.tradeford.com/): TradeFord ikora kwisi yose ariko ikubiyemo ibice byabigenewe mubihugu bitandukanye, harimo na Hongiriya. Urubuga rutuma ubucuruzi bwa Hongiriya bugera kumasoko mpuzamahanga mugutanga ibicuruzwa byinshi biva mu nganda zitandukanye. 5. BizWay (https://bizway.hu/biznisz-bemutatok/hu/fivsites-kozegek/page15.html): BizWay izwi cyane cyane nk'imwe mu mbuga zamamaza zamamaza muri Hongiriya; icyakora, irerekana kandi ububiko bwubucuruzi bugamije guteza imbere imiyoboro myiza ya B2B mu gihugu. Nyamuneka menya ko mugihe izi mbuga zakoraga mugihe cyo kwandika iki gisubizo (2021), nibyiza ko wasura buri rubuga kugirango umenye neza aho uhagaze ndetse nakamaro kayo mbere yo kubikoresha kubyo ukeneye byihariye.
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