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Amasoko Nkuru
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Incamake y'igihugu
Tchad ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye hagati muri Afrika. Irahana imbibi na Libiya mu majyaruguru, Sudani iburasirazuba, Repubulika ya Centrafrique mu majyepfo, Kameruni na Nijeriya mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba, na Nigeri mu burengerazuba. Ubuso bungana na kilometero kare miliyoni 1.28, buza ku mwanya wa gatanu mu bihugu binini ku mugabane wa Afurika. Bivugwa ko abaturage ba Tchad bagera kuri miliyoni 16. Umurwa mukuru wacyo n'umujyi munini ni N'Djamena. Indimi zemewe ni Igifaransa n'Icyarabu, mu gihe indimi kavukire zirenga 120 nazo zivugwa n'amoko atandukanye yo muri Tchad. Ubukungu bwa Tchad bushingiye cyane ku buhinzi, umusaruro wa peteroli, n'ubworozi. Umubare munini wabantu bakora ubuhinzi butunzwe, bahinga ibihingwa nkumuceri, amasaka, ibigori, ibishyimbo, nipamba kugirango byoherezwe hanze. Ubushakashatsi bwa peteroli bwazanye amafaranga akomeye kuri Tchad; icyakora ubusumbane mu bukungu bukomeje kuba ingorabahizi hamwe n’ubukene bukabije. Tchad ifite umurage utandukanye w’umuco kubera amoko menshi arimo Sara-Bagirmiya ari yo nini ikurikirwa n’Abanyakadani b’Abarabu n’abandi nka Kanembu / Kanuri / Bornu, Mboum, Maba, Masalit, Teda, Zaghawa, Acholi, Kotoko, Bedouin, Fulbe - Fula, Fang, nibindi byinshi. Umuco wa Chadiya ugizwe numuziki gakondo, imbyino, iminsi mikuru, ahantu nyaburanga, nka Meroë umujyi wa kera watangaje ko ari umurage ndangamurage wa UNESCO. Imigenzo yubukorikori harimo ububumbyi, kuboha uduseke, gukora imyenda yihariye, na silver- ubucuzi bwongeramo igikundiro mubukorikori bwa Tchad. Ubwinshi bwa Chad bugaragarira mubyishimo byo guteka hirya no hino hamwe nibiryo bizwi nka porojeri ya pome, "dégué" (amata asharira), inkoko cyangwa inyama zinka, midji Bouzou (isahani y amafi), hamwe nisosi y'ibishyimbo biryoha cyane. N’ubwo umurage gakondo w’umuco, igihugu cyahuye n’ibibazo birimo umutekano muke wa politiki, amakimbirane yitwaje intwaro, n’amapfa akunze kubaho. Ibibazo by'umutekano bikomeje gutangwa na Boko Haram mu karere k'ikiyaga cya Tchad byagize ingaruka ku gutuza no kwimura abantu benshi. Tchad ni umunyamuryango w’imiryango mpuzamahanga itandukanye irimo Umuryango w’abibumbye, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika, n’umuryango w’ubufatanye bwa kisilamu. Igihugu giharanira gukemura ibibazo by’iterambere binyuze mu bufatanye n’inzego mpuzamahanga ndetse n’ububanyi n’ububanyi n’ibihugu by’amahanga. Muri make, Tchad ni igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Afurika yo hagati kizwiho amoko atandukanye, ubukungu bushingiye ku buhinzi, umurage utandukanye w’umuco, hamwe n’ibibazo bikomeje kubaho nko guhungabana kwa politiki no kurwanya ubukene.
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Imiterere yifaranga muri Tchad irashimishije rwose. Ifaranga ryemewe rya Tchad ni amafaranga yo muri Afurika yo hagati CFA franc, yakoreshejwe kuva mu 1945. Amagambo ahinnye ni XAF, kandi akoreshwa no mu bindi bihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika yo hagati. Amafaranga CFA ni ifaranga ryinjijwe mu ma euro, bivuze ko igipimo cy’ivunjisha hamwe na euro gikomeza kuba gihamye. Ibi bituma ubucuruzi bworoshye nubucuruzi bwimari hamwe nibihugu bikoresha amayero nkifaranga ryabo. Icyakora, nubwo itajegajega, habaye impungenge z’agaciro k’ifaranga rya CFA n’ingaruka ku bukungu bwa Tchad. Bamwe bavuga ko guhuza ifaranga rikomeye ku isi bigabanya ubwigenge bw’ubukungu kandi bikabangamira ibikorwa by’iterambere ry’ibanze. Tchad ihura n’ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bijyanye n’ifaranga ryayo. Ubukungu bwabwo bushingiye cyane ku musaruro wa peteroli no kohereza mu mahanga, bigatuma bugira ingaruka ku ihindagurika ry’ibiciro bya peteroli ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Iyi ntege nke isobanura guhindagurika kumafaranga yigihugu. Byongeye kandi, habaye impaka zijyanye no kumenya niba Tchad igomba gukomeza gukoresha amafaranga ya CFA cyangwa igakoresha uburyo butandukanye bw’ifaranga buhuza neza n’ibikenewe n'intego byihariye nk'igihugu. Muri make, Tchad ikoresha amafaranga yo muri Afrika yo hagati CFA ifaranga ryayo. Mugihe ibi bitanga umutekano bitewe no guhuzwa na euro, haracyari ibiganiro byerekeranye nimpinduka zishobora kubaho cyangwa ubundi buryo bitewe nuko Tchad iterwa nibicuruzwa byoherezwa mumavuta hamwe nibibazo bijyanye nubwigenge bwubukungu.
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ifaranga ryemewe rya Tchad ni amafaranga yo muri Afurika yo hagati CFA (XAF). Kubijyanye n’ivunjisha ugereranije n’amafaranga akomeye ku isi, dore indangagaciro zigereranijwe: 1 USD = 570 XAF 1 EUR = 655 XAF 1 GBP = 755 XAF 1 JPY = 5.2 XAF Nyamuneka menya ko ibiciro byivunjisha bishobora gutandukana gato bitewe nuburyo isoko ryifashe.
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Tchad nigihugu kidafite inkombe muri Afrika yo hagati cyizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi yumwaka. Iyi minsi mikuru itanga ubumenyi bukomeye kumurage ndangamuco n'imigenzo yabaturage ba Tchad. Imwe mu minsi mikuru ikomeye muri Tchad ni umunsi wubwigenge, wizihizwa ku ya 11 Kanama. Uyu munsi mukuru w’igihugu wibutsa ubwigenge bwa Tchad mu Bufaransa, bwabonye mu 1960. Kuri uyu munsi, hateguwe ibirori n’ibikorwa bitandukanye hirya no hino mu gihugu, birimo parade, ibitaramo bya muzika, imbyino gakondo, ndetse no kwerekana imiriro. Ni igihe Abanyakadani bateranira hamwe kugira ngo bubahe ubusugire bwabo kandi batekereze ku iterambere ry’igihugu cyabo. Undi munsi mukuru uzwi cyane muri Tchad ni Eid al-Fitr cyangwa Tabaski. Nkigihugu cyiganjemo abayisilamu, Abanyakadani bifatanya n’abayisilamu ku isi kwizihiza iyo minsi mikuru y’idini mu mpera za Ramadhan buri mwaka. Mugihe cya Eid al-Fitr, imiryango iraterana kugirango basibe hamwe nyuma yukwezi kwisonzesha. Abantu bambara imyenda mishya kandi basura imisigiti kugirango basengere bidasanzwe hakurikiraho ibirori birimo ibiryo gakondo nk'intama cyangwa inyama z'inka. Ibirori bya Mboro ni ikindi kirori cyihariye kidasanzwe mu bwoko bwa Sara bwa Burasirazuba bwa Tchad. Bikorwa buri mwaka mugihe cyo gusarura (hagati ya Gashyantare na Mata), iragaragaza ko dushimira ibihingwa byinshi mugihe dusenga dusaba iterambere ryiza nubutsinzi mubuhinzi. Muri iryo serukiramuco harimo urugendo rwamabara menshi hamwe nabitabiriye bambaye maska ​​akomeye akozwe mu biti cyangwa ibyatsi byerekana imyuka itandukanye yizera ko irinda ibihingwa ibyonnyi cyangwa ibihe bibi. Ubwanyuma, icyumweru cy’umuco mpuzamahanga cya N'Djamena gikurura abenegihugu ndetse na ba mukerarugendo kuva hagati muri Nyakanga buri mwaka kuva cyatangira mu 1976. Iki gikorwa gikomeye cyerekana umuco wa Tchad binyuze mu bitaramo bya muzika birimo ibikoresho gakondo nka balafoni (ibikoresho bisa na xylophone) hamwe imbyino zerekana amoko atandukanye. Iyi minsi mikuru ikomeye iragaragaza ibintu bitandukanye byerekana imidugudu ikungahaye kuri Tchad mu gihe iteza imbere ubumwe mu baturage bayo batandukanye. Ntabwo batanga imyidagaduro gusa ahubwo banatanga umwanya wo kumenya byinshi kuri iki gihugu gishishikaje ndetse nabenegihugu.
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Tchad ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Afurika yo hagati. Nkigihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, ubukungu bwacyo bushingira cyane ku musaruro wa peteroli no kohereza hanze. Icyakora, igihugu gifite ibibazo bitandukanye mubijyanye nubucuruzi. Mu myaka yashize, urwego rwohereza ibicuruzwa muri Tchad rwiganjemo ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Ibikomoka kuri peteroli bigira uruhare runini mu kwinjiza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, bigatuma biterwa cyane n’umutungo kamere. Abafatanyabikorwa ba Tchad bakomeye mu bucuruzi bwa peteroli ni Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde, na Amerika. Usibye amavuta, Tchad nayo yohereza ibicuruzwa bindi nka pamba n'amatungo. Ipamba nigihingwa cyingenzi cyamafaranga mugihugu kandi kigira uruhare mubikorwa byubuhinzi. Nyamara, kubera ibikorwa remezo n'umutungo muke mugutunganya ipamba mugace, Tchad ikunze kugurisha ipamba mbisi mubihugu duturanye nka Kameruni cyangwa ikohereza hanze mumahanga. Ku ruhande rutumizwa mu mahanga, Tchad yishingikiriza cyane ku bicuruzwa nk'imashini, ibinyabiziga, ibikomoka kuri peteroli, ibiribwa (harimo n'umuceri), imiti, n'imyenda. Ibyo bitumizwa mu mahanga bifasha mu gukomeza inzego zitandukanye z’ubukungu ariko nanone bigatera igihombo gikomeye mu bucuruzi. Ibibazo byugarije ubucuruzi bwa Tchad birimo ibikorwa remezo bidahagije byo gutwara abantu kubera imiterere idahari. Ibi bigabanya kugera ku masoko mpuzamahanga kandi byongera amafaranga yo gutwara ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, inganda zidateye imbere muri Tchad zitera gushingira cyane ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, ihindagurika ry’ibiciro bya peteroli ku isi bigira ingaruka ku bicuruzwa byinjira mu bucuruzi bwa Tchadiya kubera ko bishingiye cyane ku bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byoherezwa mu mahanga.Iyi ntege nke itera ingaruka ku ihungabana ry’ubukungu mu gihe hagaragazwa ko ari ngombwa gutandukanya ubukungu bwabo kuruta inganda ziva mu mahanga. Mu gusoza, imiterere y’ubucuruzi bwa Tchad iterwa cyane n’uko biterwa n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga rya peteroli hamwe no gutandukana mu zindi nzego bishobora guteza ingaruka. Mu rwego rwo kunoza ibikorwa remezo, gutera inkunga inganda zaho, no guteza imbere inganda zijyanye na peteroli nk’ubuhinzi, igihugu gishobora kugera ku kuzamura muri rusange ubucuruzi burambye
Iterambere ryisoko
Tchad, igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Afurika yo hagati, gifite imbaraga zidasanzwe zikoreshwa mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga no guteza imbere isoko. N’ubwo hari ibibazo bitandukanye, nkibikorwa remezo bike ndetse n’ubukungu bw’ubuhinzi, guverinoma ya Tchad yashishikarije cyane ishoramari ry’amahanga no guteza imbere ubukungu butandukanye. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigira uruhare mu isoko ry’ubucuruzi rya Tchad ni ubwinshi bw’umutungo kamere. Igihugu gifite imigisha myinshi ya peteroli, kikaba aricyo kinini mu byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ubu butunzi butanga amahirwe kumasosiyete yamahanga yo kwishora mubushakashatsi bwa peteroli, umusaruro, na serivisi zijyanye nabyo. Usibye amavuta, Tchad ifite ubundi mutungo kamere nka uranium na zahabu. Ubushakashatsi no gukoresha ayo mabuye y'agaciro bitanga amahirwe ku masosiyete yo mu mahanga ashakisha amahirwe yo gushora imari mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Byongeye kandi, aho Tchad iherereye mu karere itanga uburenganzira bwo kugera ku masoko menshi yo mu karere muri Afurika yo hagati. Igabana imipaka n’ibihugu bitandatu birimo Nijeriya na Kameruni - byombi bigira uruhare runini mu bucuruzi bw’akarere. Uku kuba hafi kwerekana amahirwe y’ubufatanye bw’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka bugamije kuzamura ubukungu. Nubwo ibikorwa remezo bigezweho bitera imbogamizi ku iterambere ry’isoko muri Tchad, guverinoma yagiye ikora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo habeho itumanaho ry’imodoka ishora imari mu mishinga yo kubaka umuhanda. Gutezimbere imiyoboro itwara abantu ntabwo bizorohereza ubucuruzi bwimbere mu gihugu gusa ahubwo bizanashimangira umubano mpuzamahanga wubucuruzi mugushiraho koridoro nziza hagati y’ibihugu bidafite inkombe nka Niger cyangwa Sudani. Urwego rw'ubuhinzi rufite kandi amahirwe menshi yo gushora imari mu mahanga no kuzamuka mu bucuruzi muri Tchad. Hamwe n'ubutaka burumbuka ku kibaya cy'uruzi rwa Chari bushyigikira ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi, amahirwe arahari ku buhinzi bushaka kwagura ubuhinzi cyangwa ubworozi. Icyakora, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko nubwo ifite imbaraga nyinshi, hari inzitizi zigomba gukemurwa mbere yuko Tchad yuzuye isoko yo hanze ishobora kugerwaho. Ibi birimo ibibazo nkibibazo bya politiki bihamye hagati yamakimbirane rimwe na rimwe mu turere duturanye cyangwa inzitizi zishingiye ku bucuruzi mu bucuruzi. Mu gusoza, Tchad ifite amagambo akomeye adashakishwa niba ishobora gutsinda imbogamizi nkibura ry’ibikorwa remezo, ibibazo by’umutekano muke wa politiki, chad igihugu cyo muri Afurika yo hagati gishobora kwigaragaza nk’ahantu hinjizwa ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’amahirwe ashimishije ku masosiyete y’amahanga yo gushakisha ubucuruzi bushya imishinga Uburyo butandukanye mu iterambere ry’isoko, cyane cyane mu nzego nk’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro, ubuhinzi, n’ubushakashatsi bwa peteroli, burashobora gukingurira Tchad kugira ngo ikoreshe ubushobozi bw’ubukungu.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Muguhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye kumasoko yubucuruzi bwamahanga muri Tchad, ibintu byinshi bigomba kwitabwaho. Ibi birimo isoko, isoko, ibiciro, umuco, nubwiza bwibicuruzwa. Iyo usesenguye ibi bintu, umuntu arashobora kumenya ibicuruzwa bifite amahirwe menshi yo gutsinda muri iri soko. Icya mbere, ni ngombwa kumva neza isoko muri Tchad. Ubushakashatsi kubyifuzo byabaguzi nibikenewe birashobora gufasha kumenya ahantu hashobora kuba hari ibicuruzwa bikenewe cyane. Kurugero, urebye ikirere cya Tchad nubuzima bwe, ibintu nkibikoresho bikomoka ku zuba cyangwa ibikoresho byubuhinzi birashobora guhitamo. Infordability ni ikindi kintu cyingenzi ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo ibicuruzwa kumasoko yubucuruzi bwo hanze. Ibicuruzwa bihendutse kubenshi mubaguzi bizagira amahirwe menshi yo gutsinda. Gutohoza ibiciro byerekana ibiciro no gusuzuma itangwa ryapiganwa bizafasha kumenya igiciro gikwiye kubintu byatoranijwe. Umuco ufite akamaro kanini muguhitamo ibicuruzwa kumasoko ya Tchad. Gusobanukirwa imigenzo yaho, imigenzo, nibyifuzo byemerera ubucuruzi guhuza amaturo yabo. Gushora umwanya mubushakashatsi bwumuco wa Tchad bifasha kwemeza ko ibintu byatoranijwe byumvikana nabaguzi kurwego rwamarangamutima. Ubwanyuma, ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bugira uruhare runini mu kugera ku ntsinzi ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bwo hanze. Ni ngombwa gushyira imbere gutanga ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge kuko ibi bitera abakiriya kunyurwa nubudahemuka mugihe. Mu gusoza, mugihe uhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye kumasoko yubucuruzi bwa Tchad: 1) Gukora ubushakashatsi bunoze kubisabwa ku isoko. 2) Tekereza ku bushobozi usobanukiwe n'ibiciro. 3) Shyiramo umuco uhuza amaturo n'imigenzo yaho. 4) Shyira imbere gutanga ibicuruzwa byiza. Mugukurikiza aya mabwiriza, ubucuruzi bushobora kongera amahirwe yo kugurisha neza ibicuruzwa byatoranijwe kumasoko yubucuruzi bwa Tchad.
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Tchad ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Afurika yo hagati. Kimwe nigihugu icyo aricyo cyose, gifite umwihariko wabakiriya biranga na kirazira. Muri Tchad, abakiriya baha agaciro umubano wihariye hamwe. Kubaka ubwumvikane nabakiriya ningirakamaro kugirango ubucuruzi bugende neza. Birasanzwe ko abakiriya bategereza urwego rwo kumenyerana nubucuti mugihe cyo gucuruza, bityo gufata umwanya wo gushiraho umubano wawe birashobora kugera kure mukugirira ikizere nubudahemuka. Kubaha abasaza n'abayobozi bubahwa cyane mumico ya Tchad. Abakiriya bakunze kwita cyane kuburyo bafatwa nabatanga serivisi cyangwa abacuruzi. Ikinyabupfura no kubaha mugihe ukorana nabakiriya bakuze cyangwa abari mubuyobozi ni ibintu byingenzi bya serivisi zabakiriya. Ikindi kintu cyingenzi kiranga abakiriya ba Tchad ni uguhitamo kwabo imbonankubone. Bashima imikoranire itaziguye aho kwishingikiriza gusa kuri imeri cyangwa guhamagara kuri terefone. Gufata umwanya wo kugira inama cyangwa gusura imbonankubone kugirango tuganire kubibazo byubucuruzi birashobora kuzamura cyane umubano hagati yubucuruzi nabakiriya babo. Ku bijyanye na kirazira, ni ngombwa kuzirikana imico n’umuco mugihe ukora ubucuruzi muri Tchad. Irinde kuganira ku ngingo zikomeye nka politiki, idini, itandukaniro rishingiye ku moko, cyangwa ibibazo byose bivuguruzanya bishobora gutera amakosa cyangwa kutoroherwa mu bakiriya. Byongeye kandi, kubahiriza igihe bihabwa agaciro mu bucuruzi bwa Tchad. Gutinda nta mpamvu ifatika bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi mubucuti bwawe nabakiriya kuko bishobora kugaragara nko gusuzugura igihe cyabo. Ubwanyuma, kwerekana ko wubaha imigenzo n'imigenzo bizagira uruhare runini mubikorwa byawe nabakiriya ba Tchad. Gusobanukirwa ikinyabupfura cyibanze nko gusuhuza abantu neza (ukoresheje "Bonjour" ugakurikirwa na "Monsieur / Madame" mugihe uhuye numuntu), kwerekana imyambarire ikwiye (imyambarire yemewe), no kumenya imigenzo yaho bizerekana ko wubaha umuco waho. Mu gusoza, gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya gushinga imizi mubikorwa byubaka umubano, indangagaciro z'umuco nko kubaha abasaza / abategetsi / itumanaho imbonankubone, no kubahiriza kirazira nko kwirinda ingingo zoroshye no kwerekana igihe ni ibintu by'ingenzi mubikorwa byubucuruzi bigenda neza Abakiriya ba Tchad.
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo na Notes muri Tchad Tchad, igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Afurika yo hagati, gifite gahunda ihamye yo gucunga gasutamo kugira ngo igenzure ibicuruzwa kandi igenzure kubahiriza amategeko n'amabwiriza y'igihugu. Iyo winjiye cyangwa usohoka muri Tchad, hari ingingo nyinshi zigaragara zijyanye na gasutamo abashyitsi bagomba kumenya. 1. Inyandiko: Abashyitsi bagomba gutwara ibyangombwa byingenzi byingendo nka pasiporo yemewe hasigaye nibura amezi atandatu. Byongeye kandi, abagenzi barashobora gukenera viza zihariye ubwenegihugu cyangwa intego yo gusurwa. Nibyiza kugenzura ibisabwa mbere. 2. Ibintu bibujijwe: Ibintu bimwe birabujijwe cyangwa bibujijwe gutumizwa muri Tchad kubera impungenge z'umutekano cyangwa amategeko yigihugu. Ingero zirimo imbunda, ibiyobyabwenge, ibicuruzwa byiganano, ibikomoka ku gasozi birinzwe n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga (nk’inzovu), n’ibikoresho by’umuco. 3. Amabwiriza y’ifaranga: Abagenzi bagomba gutangaza amafaranga arenga miliyoni 5 CFA (cyangwa ahwanye nayo) iyo binjiye muri Tchad cyangwa bakavamo. 4. Kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa: Ifishi irambuye yerekana ibicuruzwa igomba kuzuzwa mugihe winjiye muri Tchad niba utwaye ibintu byose bifite agaciro nka electronics cyangwa imitako kugirango ukoreshwe byigihe gito cyangwa ubucuruzi. 5. Igikorwa cyo kugenzura no gukuraho ibicuruzwa: Iyo ugeze ku byambu byinjira (ibibuga by’indege / imipaka y’ubutaka), imizigo y’abagenzi irashobora kugenzurwa buri gihe n’abashinzwe za gasutamo igamije gukumira ibikorwa bya magendu no kubahiriza neza imisoro. 6. Kwishyura imisoro: Amahoro yatumijwe mu mahanga ashyirwa ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byazanywe muri Tchad bitewe n'imiterere yabyo n'agaciro ukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho bya Harmonized System Code byashyizweho n'Umuryango mpuzamahanga wa gasutamo (WCO). Igipimo cy'amahoro kiratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko n'ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. 7. Kuzana by'agateganyo: Abashyitsi bazana ibicuruzwa by'agateganyo kugira ngo babikoreshe ku giti cyabo mu gihe cyo kuba muri Tchad barashobora kubona ibyangombwa byo gutumiza mu mahanga by'agateganyo nyuma yo kwerekana ibyangombwa bifatika nka fagitire zerekana nyir'ubwite mbere yo kugera muri Tchad. 8.Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga: Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ibintu bimwe na bimwe ntibishobora gukurwa mu turere twa Tchad, nk'ibikoresho ndangamuco n'amateka bifite akamaro gakomeye mu gihugu. 9. Ibikomoka ku buhinzi: Mu rwego rwo gukumira ikwirakwizwa ry’udukoko cyangwa indwara, abashyitsi basabwa gutangaza ibicuruzwa byose by’ubuhinzi bashobora kuba bitwaje binjiye muri Tchad. Kutabikora bishobora kuvamo ibihano. 10. Ubufatanye n'abakozi ba gasutamo: Abashyitsi bagomba gufatanya byimazeyo n'abashinzwe za gasutamo kandi bagakurikiza amabwiriza yabo mugihe cyo gukuraho ibicuruzwa. Kugerageza gutanga ruswa cyangwa kwerekana ko wirengagije amabwiriza bishobora kuvamo ingaruka zemewe n'amategeko. Ni ngombwa ko abagenzi bamenyera hamwe nuburyo bwo gucunga gasutamo nubuyobozi mbere yo kujya muri Tchad, bigatuma inzira yinjira cyangwa isohoka byoroshye mugihe bakurikiza amategeko n'amabwiriza yaho.
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga ya Tchad, igihugu giherereye muri Afurika yo hagati, irashobora kuvugwa muri make ku buryo bukurikira. Tchad ifite gahunda y’imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga igamije kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu no kwinjiza leta amafaranga. Igihugu gishyiraho imisoro yihariye na ad valorem ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye bitumizwa mu mahanga. Imisoro yihariye ni amafaranga yagenwe yakwa kuri buri gipimo cyo gupima, nk'uburemere cyangwa ingano, mugihe ad valorem imisoro ibarwa nkijanisha ryibicuruzwa. Igipimo cy’imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga kiratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bizanwa mu gihugu. Ibicuruzwa byibanze nkibiryo byibiribwa, imiti, n’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu buhinzi akenshi bikurura ibiciro biri hasi cyangwa zeru kugira ngo bibe byoroshye kandi biboneka ku baguzi ba Tchad. Ku rundi ruhande, ibintu by'akataraboneka nka elegitoroniki yo mu rwego rwo hejuru cyangwa ibinyabiziga muri rusange bihura n’ibiciro by’imisoro kugira ngo bigabanye ibyo bakoresha kandi bishyigikire ubundi buryo. Tchad ikoresha kandi amafaranga yinyongera ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga binyuze mu buyobozi n’imisoro yongerewe agaciro (TVA). Aya mafaranga agira uruhare mu kwinjiza imisoro muri rusange mugihe hagamijwe guteza imbere irushanwa ryiza hagati y’abakora ibicuruzwa no kubungabunga ubuzima rusange binyuze mu ngamba zo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Twabibutsa ko Tchad iri mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi yo mu karere nk’umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu byo muri Afurika yo hagati (ECCAS) cyangwa amashyirahamwe y’ubukungu yo mu karere nka CEMAC (Umuryango w’ubukungu n’amafaranga muri Afurika yo hagati). Aya masezerano arashobora guhindura imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga itanga uburyo bwihariye cyangwa kugabanya ibiciro by’ibiciro ku bihugu bigize uyu muryango. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga ya Tchad yerekana imbaraga guverinoma yashyizeho kugira ngo habeho gushyira mu gaciro hagati y’intego zorohereza ubucuruzi n’ibikenerwa kwinjiza amafaranga mu gihe birinda inganda zo mu gihugu guhangana n’amarushanwa arenganya.
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Tchad, igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Afurika yo hagati, cyashyize mu bikorwa politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo igenzure ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa byayo. Izi politiki zigamije gushimangira ubukungu no gushishikariza inganda zaho. Imwe mu ngamba zingenzi z’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga ni ugushiraho imisoro ya gasutamo ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe. Iyi misoro ikoreshwa ku bicuruzwa biva ku mipaka y’igihugu kandi biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ibicuruzwa nkamavuta ya peteroli, nimwe mubicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bya Tchad, birashobora gukurura imisoro ihanitse ugereranije nibindi bicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, Tchad yashyizeho kandi imisoro yihariye yoherezwa mu mahanga ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe. Kurugero, ibikomoka ku buhinzi nka pamba cyangwa amatungo birashobora kwishyurwa amafaranga yinyongera mugihe byoherejwe hanze. Iyi politiki y’imisoro igamije guteza imbere gutunganya inyongeramusaruro no guca intege ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bitarinze kwihesha agaciro. Byongeye kandi, Tchad ishyira mu bikorwa imisoro ijyanye no gutwara abantu n'ibintu byoherezwa mu mahanga. Nkigihugu kidafite inkombe zishingiye cyane ku byambu by’abaturanyi kugira ngo bigere ku bucuruzi, ishyiraho amafaranga nk’amafaranga yo gutambuka cyangwa imisoro yo mu muhanda yo gutwara ibintu ku mipaka yayo hagamijwe kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko politiki y’imisoro ishobora gutandukana rimwe na rimwe nkurikije amabwiriza ya leta ndetse n’ubukungu bwifashe neza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba gukomeza kugezwaho amakuru agezweho babaza abayobozi ba leta cyangwa abajyanama babigize umwuga mbere yo kwishora mu bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka na Tchad. Mu gusoza, Tchad ishyira mu bikorwa amahoro ya gasutamo, imisoro yihariye ku bicuruzwa nkibikomoka ku buhinzi, ndetse n’imisoro ijyanye n’ubwikorezi ku byoherezwa mu mahanga. Izi ngamba zigamije gucunga neza ubucuruzi bwo hanze no gushimangira iterambere rirambye ry’ubukungu mu gihugu mu gihe hongerwa agaciro mu nzego z’ingenzi nk'ubuhinzi no gutunganya umutungo.
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Tchad ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Afurika yo hagati. Hamwe n'umutungo kamere utandukanye hamwe nubushobozi bwayo, Tchad ifite ibyemezo byinshi byohereza hanze kugirango ireme neza nukuri kwibyoherezwa hanze. Imwe mungenzi zingenzi zohereza ibicuruzwa muri Tchad nicyemezo cyinkomoko. Iyi nyandiko ni gihamya yerekana ko ibicuruzwa byoherejwe muri Tchad byakozwe, bikozwe, cyangwa byatunganijwe mu gihugu. Icyemezo cy'inkomoko kandi kigenzura ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibipimo byihariye nkibisabwa mu karere, kongerera agaciro, no kubahiriza amabwiriza akurikizwa. Usibye Icyemezo cy'inkomoko, Tchad ifite kandi ibyemezo byihariye byoherezwa mu mahanga mu nganda zitandukanye. Kurugero, ibikomoka ku buhinzi bigomba kubahiriza amahame ya phytosanitarite yashyizweho n’imiryango mpuzamahanga nk’amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo kurinda ibimera (IPPC). Icyemezo cya IPPC cyemeza ko ibicuruzwa nk'imbuto, imboga, n'ibinyampeke bitarangwamo udukoko n'indwara. Byongeye kandi, uruganda rwa peteroli rwa Tchad rusaba uruhushya rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga cyangwa ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Uru ruhushya rwemeza kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga ajyanye n’umutungo w’ingufu. Kubona iki cyemezo, abatumiza peteroli muri Tchad bemeza ko ibyoherejwe bikurikiza inzira zikwiye kandi byemewe n'amategeko. Tchad kandi ishyira imbere iterambere rirambye binyuze mubikorwa byangiza ibidukikije. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibyemezo bimwe byoherezwa mu mahanga byibanda ku bicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije nkibiti biva mu buryo burambye cyangwa imyenda yangiza ibidukikije ikozwe mu bikoresho kama nka pamba cyangwa imigano. Muri rusange, ibyo byemezo bitandukanye byoherezwa mu mahanga byerekana ko Tchad yiyemeje kubahiriza amahame yo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihe hubahirizwa amategeko mpuzamahanga y’ubucuruzi. Izi ngamba ntizigira uruhare mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa gusa ahubwo binateza imbere gukorera mu mucyo no kwizerana hagati yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze muri Tchad ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa babo mu bucuruzi ku isi.
Basabwe ibikoresho
Tchad ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Afurika yo hagati, kigaragaza imbogamizi zidasanzwe mu bikoresho no gutwara abantu. Nyamara, hari uburyo bwinshi buboneka kubikorwa bya serivisi nziza kandi byizewe mugihugu. Umwe mubasabwa gutanga ibikoresho muri Tchad ni DHL. Hamwe numuyoboro mugari hamwe nuburambe muri kariya karere, DHL itanga serivisi zitandukanye zirimo ububiko, ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo, ubwikorezi bwo gutwara ibintu, no gutanga ibicuruzwa byihuse. Ubuhanga bwabo ku isi butuma ibikorwa bigenda neza no gutanga ku gihe. Indi sosiyete izwi cyane y'ibikoresho ikorera muri Tchad ni Maersk. Azwiho ubuhanga mu kohereza ibicuruzwa no gukemura ibibazo, Maersk itanga ubufasha bw’ibikoresho kugeza ku ndunduro birimo ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja, ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere, ubwikorezi bwo mu gihugu, ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga ndetse n’ibisubizo by’inganda byihariye nko kwangiriza imizigo cyangwa gutunganya imishinga. Ku masosiyete ashakisha ibisubizo byaho muri Tchad ubwayo, Itsinda rya Socotrans rirasabwa cyane. Hamwe nuburambe bwimyaka ikorera mubutaka bwigihugu butoroshye no kugenzura ibidukikije; batanga serivisi zidasanzwe nko gutwara umuhanda (harimo ubwikorezi bugenzurwa nubushyuhe), ububiko / ububiko ndetse no gukuraho no kohereza ibicuruzwa byihuta muri Tchad. Byongeye kandi, ayo mashyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ahari; umuntu arashobora kandi gukoresha serivise yiposita yaho itangwa na La Poste Tchadienne (Post ya Chadian). Nubwo byibanze cyane kubutumwa bwo murugo; batanga kandi serivise mpuzamahanga yoherejwe binyuze mubufatanye namasosiyete akomeye yohereza ubutumwa nka EMS cyangwa TNT. Nkibisanzwe utitaye kubyo utanga ibikoresho wahisemo ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibintu nkibiciro byigiciro & transparency hamwe no gukurikirana / gushakisha ubushobozi nibindi, mbere yo kurangiza amasezerano ayo ari yo yose. Byongeye; kubera ko ubushyuhe butihanganirwa bubaho mugihe cyizuba umuntu agomba kugenzura neza niba ibicuruzwa byoroshye bisaba kugenzura ubushyuhe mugihe cyo gutambuka; cyane cyane niba assortment isanzwe ibura iyi mikorere kubisanzwe
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Tchad ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Afurika yo hagati. Nubwo ihura n’ibibazo byinshi byiterambere, byahindutse ahantu heza kubaguzi mpuzamahanga kandi byashyizeho ingamba zo gushyiraho inzira zingenzi ziterambere ndetse nubucuruzi bwerekana. Imwe mu nzira zingenzi zitanga amasoko mpuzamahanga kuri Tchad ni ikigo mpuzamahanga cy'ubucuruzi (ITC). ITC yagiye ikorana cyane na Tchad kugirango yongere ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze itanga amahugurwa, inkunga ya tekiniki, n'ubushakashatsi ku isoko. Binyuze muri gahunda yo gucunga neza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ITC, abapadiri bo muri Tchad bungutse ubumenyi bw'agaciro mu kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga no kugera ku masoko y'isi. Usibye ITC, Tchad inungukira mu bihugu bitandukanye by’ubucuruzi byo mu karere nk’umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu byo muri Afurika yo hagati (ECCAS) n’umuryango w’ubukungu w’ubukungu muri Afurika yo hagati (CEMAC). Iyi miryango yagize uruhare mu kuzamura ubucuruzi hagati y’akarere binyuze mu bikorwa nko gukuraho inzitizi z’ubucuruzi, guteza imbere amahirwe y’ishoramari, no guteza imbere ubufatanye mu bukungu hagati y’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango. Tchad kandi yakira imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ngarukamwaka rikurura abaguzi bakomeye ku isi. Kimwe mu bikorwa byingenzi ni "FIA - Salon International de l'Industrie Tchadienne" (Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’ubucuruzi bw’inganda za Tchad), rikaba urubuga rwo kwerekana ubushobozi bwa Tchad mu nganda. Ihuza abakora ibicuruzwa byaho, abatumiza mu mahanga / abatumiza mu mahanga, abashoramari, n’abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu nzego nk’ubuhinzi, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro, ingufu, iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo. Irindi murikagurisha ry’ubucuruzi ryabereye muri Tchad ni "SALITEX" (Salon de l'Industrie Textile et Habillement du Tchad), yibanda cyane cyane ku myenda n’inganda. Ibi birori bitanga amahirwe kubatunganya imyenda ya Tchad yo guhuza nabaguzi bashaka imyenda myiza nibicuruzwa byimyenda. Byongeye kandi, "AGRIHUB Salon International l'Ubuhinzi et de l'Elevage au Tchad" yibanze ku bicuruzwa bikomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi aho abakinnyi bo mu karere ndetse n’abatumiza mu mahanga ku isi bitabira gushakisha amahirwe y’ubucuruzi ajyanye n'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi. Usibye iri murikagurisha ngarukamwaka ry’ubucuruzi, Tchad yungukirwa no kwishora mu mashyirahamwe mpuzamahanga nk’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi (WTO) na Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere (AfDB). Izi nzego zitanga inkunga, ubufasha bwa tekiniki, hamwe ninama za politiki zo kunoza ubucuruzi bwa Tchad no kuyihuza n’amasoko yisi. Mu gusoza, nubwo duhura n’ibibazo bitandukanye byiterambere, Tchad yashoboye gushyiraho inzira zingenzi zamasoko mpuzamahanga binyuze mumiryango nka ITC hamwe n’ubucuruzi bw’akarere. Igihugu kandi cyakira imurikagurisha ryinshi rikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka amahirwe mu nzego nk'inganda, imyenda / imyenda, ubuhinzi / ubworozi. Mu kwitabira cyane muriyi nzira no kwishora mumiryango yisi yose nka WTO na AfDB, Tchad igamije kongera ubushobozi bwubucuruzi kurushaho.
Tchad ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Afurika yo hagati. Mugihe interineti ikomeje kwiyongera muri Tchad, moteri nyinshi zishakisha zizwi cyane zimaze kumenyekana mubayikoresha. Zimwe muri moteri zikoreshwa mubushakashatsi muri Tchad zirimo: 1. Google - Nta gushidikanya moteri ishakisha izwi cyane ku isi, Google ikoreshwa cyane muri Tchad. Kuva mubushakashatsi rusange kugeza gushakisha amakuru cyangwa urubuga rwihariye, Google irashobora kuboneka kuri www.google.com. 2. Yahoo - Yahoo Shakisha niyindi moteri ishakisha ikoreshwa muri Tchad. Hamwe no gutanga ibisubizo by'ishakisha, Yahoo itanga kandi izindi serivisi nk'amakuru, imeri, imari, n'ibindi. Irashobora kuboneka kuri www.yahoo.com. 3. Bing - Bing ni moteri ishakisha ifitwe na Microsoft imaze kumenyekana kwisi yose kandi ikoreshwa cyane muri Tchad mugushakisha kumurongo. Itanga ibisubizo byurubuga hamwe nibindi byongeweho nkamakuru yingendo no gushakisha amashusho. Bing irashobora kuboneka kuri www.bing.com. 4. Qwant - Qwant ni moteri ishakisha yibanga yibanga ryagiye ryiyongera mu mikoreshereze y’abakoresha bahangayikishijwe n’umutekano w’ibanga ndetse n’ibibazo by’ibanga ku isi, harimo n’ibyo muri Tchad. Abakoresha barashobora kubona serivisi za Qwant kuri www.qwant.com. 5. DuckDuckGo- Bisa na Qwant, DuckDuckGo ishimangira cyane ubuzima bwite bwabakoresha udakurikirana amakuru yihariye cyangwa kubika amakuru yabakoresha kubikorwa byo kwamamaza. Yakusanyije abiyeguriye isi yose kandi irashobora kugerwaho nabakoresha Chadiya kuri www.duckduckgo.com. Izi ni zimwe muri moteri zikoreshwa mubushakashatsi abantu bashingira kubikorwa bitandukanye mugihe bareba interineti kuva kumupaka wa Tchad.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Mumbabarire, ariko Tchad ntabwo ari igihugu; mubyukuri nigihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Afrika yo hagati. Ariko, birasa nkaho ushobora kuba uvuga Tchad nkizina ryumuntu cyangwa izina. Niba aribyo, nyamuneka tanga ibisobanuro byongeweho cyangwa usobanure ikibazo cyawe kugirango ngufashe neza.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Tchad ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Afurika yo hagati. Iracyatera imbere mubijyanye na e-ubucuruzi, kandi kuri ubu, hari urubuga runini rwa e-ubucuruzi rukorera mu gihugu. Hano hari bimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bya e-ubucuruzi muri Tchad hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Jumia (www.jumia.td): Jumia ni rimwe mu masoko manini kandi azwi cyane kuri interineti muri Afurika. Batanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kuva kuri elegitoroniki, imyambarire, ubwiza, ibikoresho kugeza murugo. 2. Shoprite (www.shoprite.td): Shoprite numuyoboro uzwi cyane wa supermarket nayo ikora iduka kumurongo muri Tchad. Batanga ibiribwa byinshi nibikoresho byo murugo kugirango babitange. 3. Afrimalin (www.afrimalin.com/td): Afrimalin ni urubuga rwashyizwe kumurongo rwemerera abakoresha kugura no kugurisha ibintu bishya cyangwa bikoreshwa nk'imodoka, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho, nibindi byinshi. 4 5. Chadaffaires (www.chadaffaires.com): Chadaffaires itanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kuva imyenda kugeza kuri electronics kubiciro byapiganwa kubakiriya muri Tchad. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko kuboneka kwibi bibuga bishobora gutandukana mugihe bitewe nimpinduka zijyanye nubucuruzi bwa e-ubucuruzi cyangwa isoko ryakarere ryo mukarere rijyanye nibihe byihariye byamasoko ya Tchad. Nyamuneka menya ko aya makuru ashobora guhinduka mugihe uko urubuga rushya rugaragara cyangwa izisanzwe zigenda zihinduka ukurikije imigendekere yisoko nibisabwa. Byongeye kandi, byaba byiza ugenzuye mugace cyangwa ukoresheje moteri zishakisha zihariye kubutunzi nyabwo bujyanye nurubuga rukora ibicuruzwa byita kubakiriya bahari muri chad

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Tchad ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Afurika yo hagati. Nkigihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, igipimo cyacyo cya enterineti kiri hasi ugereranije nibindi bihugu. Nubwo, nubwo hari ibibazo, Tchad ifite imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane mu baturage bayo. Dore bike muribi hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com): Facebook nimbuga nkoranyambaga ikoreshwa cyane ku isi, harimo no muri Tchad. Iyemerera abakoresha gukora imyirondoro, guhuza inshuti nimiryango, gusangira amafoto na videwo, no kwinjira mumatsinda atandukanye. 2. WhatsApp (www.whatsapp.com): WhatsApp ni urubuga rwohereza ubutumwa rushoboza itumanaho binyuze mu butumwa bugufi, guhamagara amajwi, guhamagara kuri videwo, no gusangira amadosiye menshi nk'amafoto n'inyandiko. Yamamaye muri Tchad kubera koroshya imikoreshereze kandi ihendutse. 3. Instagram (www.instagram.com): Instagram iha abakoresha urubuga rwo gusangira amafoto na videwo ngufi hamwe nabayoboke babo cyangwa rubanda rugufi. Abakoresha barashobora kandi gukurikira konti basanga zishimishije cyangwa zishimishije. 4. Twitter (www. 5. YouTube (www.youtube.com): YouTube izwiho kwakira icyegeranyo kinini cya videwo yakozwe nabakoresha ku ngingo zitandukanye kuva imyidagaduro kugeza ku burezi. 6.TikTok (https: 7.LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com/): LinkedIn yibanda cyane cyane kumurongo wabigize umwuga aho abantu bakora imyirondoro yerekana uburambe bwumwuga wabo mugihe bahuza nabakozi bakorana ninganda zisa. Usibye izi mbuga zavuzwe haruguru zikoreshwa cyane ku isi n'abantu baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye harimo na Tchad- hashobora kuba hari urubuga rwaho rwihariye kuri Tchad gusa ariko ukurikije amakuru make, biragoye kubitondekanya neza. Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka no kugera kuriyi mbuga bishobora gutandukana ukurikije umurongo wa interineti wihariye hamwe nubutunzi muri Tchad.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Tchad, igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye muri Afurika yo hagati, gifite amashyirahamwe akomeye y’inganda ahagarariye inzego zitandukanye. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe yingenzi yinganda muri Tchad hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Ihuriro ry’ingereko z’ubucuruzi, Inganda, Ubuhinzi na Mine (FCCIAM) - Uyu muryango uhagarariye inzego zitandukanye z’ubucuruzi muri Tchad, harimo ubucuruzi, inganda, ubuhinzi, n’amabuye y'agaciro. Urubuga rwabo ni fcciam.org. 2. Ishyirahamwe ryabashakashatsi ba peteroli ya Tchad (ACOE) - ACOE nishyirahamwe rihuza ibigo bifite uruhare mubushakashatsi bwa peteroli no kubyaza umusaruro muri Tchad. Urubuga rwabo ntiruboneka. 3. Ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe y’umwuga (UNAT) - UNAT ni ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe yabigize umwuga aturutse mu bice bitandukanye nk'ubuhanga, ubuvuzi, amategeko, uburezi n'ibindi. Amakuru yabo y'urubuga ntashobora kuboneka. 4. Ishyirahamwe rya Tchad rishinzwe amazi n’isuku (AseaTchad) - Iri shyirahamwe ryibanda ku guteza imbere amazi meza n’isuku muri Tchad binyuze ku bufatanye n’inzego za Leta n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga. Kubwamahirwe nta makuru yerekeye urubuga rwabo rwemewe wabonetse. 5. Ihuriro ry’igihugu cy’ubukorikori (UNAPMECT) - UNAPMECT ishyigikira kandi igateza imbere abanyabukorikori gakondo bakora ubukorikori bategura imurikagurisha, batanga amahirwe yo guhugura hamwe n’ubufasha bwo kwamamaza ku bicuruzwa byabo. Kubwamahirwe nta makuru yerekeye urubuga rwabo rwemewe wabonetse. 6. Ihuriro ry’igihugu ry’amashyirahamwe y’abatunganya ubuhinzi (FENAPAOC) - FENAPAOC ihagarariye inyungu z’abakora ubuhinzi harimo n’amashyirahamwe y’abahinzi mu gihugu hose bashaka kuzamura umusaruro w’ubuhinzi mu gihe barengera imibereho y’abahinzi kimwe no guharanira inkunga ya leta igihe bibaye ngombwa; icyakora nta aderesi yemewe yemewe yavumbuwe muriki gihe. Nyamuneka menya ko amashyirahamwe amwe adashobora kuba afite imbuga za interineti zikora cyangwa hashobora kuboneka amakuru make kumurongo bitewe nimpamvu nko guhuza umurongo wa interineti cyangwa kutaboneka kumurongo kuriyi miryango murwego rwa Tchad.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Tchad ni igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Afurika yo hagati gifite ubukungu bwiyongera n'amahirwe yo gucuruza no gushora imari. Hano hari imbuga nyinshi zubukungu nubucuruzi zitanga amakuru ajyanye no gukora ubucuruzi muri Tchad. Dore bimwe mubigaragara: 1. Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi, inganda, n’ubukerarugendo - Uru rubuga rwa leta rwemewe rutanga amakuru ajyanye na politiki y’ubucuruzi, amahirwe y’ishoramari, n’amabwiriza muri Tchad. Urubuga: http://commerceindustrie-tourisme.td/ 2. Urugereko rw’Ubucuruzi, Inganda, Ubuhinzi na Mine (CCIAM) - Urubuga rwa CCIAM rugamije guteza imbere ibikorwa by’ubukungu rutanga inkunga ku bucuruzi bukorera mu nzego zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, inganda. Urubuga: http://www.cciamtd.org/ 3. Ikigo gishinzwe ishoramari muri Tchad (API) - API yorohereza ishoramari ritaziguye ritanga amakuru yuzuye kubyerekeye amahirwe yo gushora imari mu nzego zitandukanye muri Tchad. Urubuga: http://www.api-tchad.com/ 4. Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe iterambere ry’ishoramari (ANDI) - ANDI yibanda ku gukurura ishoramari mu nzego z’ingamba nk’ingufu, iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo, ubuhinzi binyuze ku rubuga rwa interineti. Urubuga: https://andi.td/ 5. Itsinda rya Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere (AfDB) Ibiro by’igihugu - Ibiro by’igihugu cya Tchad AfDB bitanga raporo z’ubukungu n’ubushakashatsi ku nzego z’ingenzi nk’ingufu, ubuhinzi kugira ngo byoroherezwe gufata ibyemezo ku bashoramari. Urubuga: https://www.afdb.org/en/countries/central-africa/chad/chad-country-office Izi mbuga zitanga ibikoresho byingenzi kubantu bose bashishikajwe no gushakisha ubucuruzi cyangwa amahirwe yo gushora imari muri Tchad. Icyakora ， nyamuneka menya ko imbuga zimwe zishobora kuboneka gusa igifaransa arirwo rurimi rwemewe rwa Tchad

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hano hari urubuga rwinshi rwibibazo byubucuruzi biboneka kuri Tchad, bitanga amakuru kumibare yubucuruzi nibipimo bifitanye isano. Dore bike bigaragara: 1. Ikigo mpuzamahanga cy'ubucuruzi (ITC): Urubuga: Ihuriro rya ITC ritanga amakuru y’ubucuruzi yuzuye, harimo imibare yatumijwe mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu bucuruzi, ibicuruzwa bikomeye byacurujwe, n’ibipimo by’ubukungu kuri Tchad. 2. Igisubizo cy’ubucuruzi ku isi (WITS): Urubuga: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/CHD WITS ni gahunda ya Banki yisi itanga uburyo bwo kubona amakuru mpuzamahanga atandukanye arimo amakuru ajyanye nubucuruzi. Iyemerera abakoresha gushakisha imikorere yubucuruzi bwa Tchad kubicuruzwa cyangwa igihugu cyabafatanyabikorwa. 3. Ububikoshingiro bw’umuryango w’abibumbye: Urubuga: https://comtrade.un.org/data/ Comtrade ni ububiko bwemewe bwibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga by’ibicuruzwa byubatswe n’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye rishinzwe ibarurishamibare. Harimo amakuru arambuye yo gutumiza no kohereza mubihugu kwisi yose, harimo Tchad. 4. Banki nyafurika yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze (Afreximbank) Urubuga rwamakuru yubucuruzi: Urubuga: https://www.tradeinfoportal.org/chad/ Urubuga rwa Afreximbank rutanga amakuru yihariye y’igihugu ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, amahoro, ingamba zidasoreshwa, ibisabwa ku isoko, hamwe n’andi makuru ajyanye n’ubucuruzi kuri Tchad. 5. Umuryango w’ubukungu n’amafaranga yo muri Afurika yo hagati (CEMAC): Urubuga: http://www.cemac.int/en/ Mugihe bitibanze gusa kubibazo byubucuruzi nkibisobanuro byavuzwe haruguru; Urubuga rwemewe rwa CEMAC rutanga amakuru yubukungu kubyerekeye ibihugu bigize uyu muryango mu karere ka Afurika yo hagati harimo ibipimo by’imari bishobora kuba ingirakamaro mu gusobanukirwa ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bya Tchad muri urwo rwego. Izi mbuga zigomba kuguha ibikoresho bihagije byo gucukumbura ibintu bitandukanye byerekana ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bwa Tchad hamwe n’imibare ijyanye nayo. Nyamuneka menya ko kuboneka no kumenya neza amakuru bishobora gutandukana muburyo butandukanye. Nibyiza ko twifashisha amasoko ya leta nibiba ngombwa kumakuru agezweho kandi yukuri.

B2b

Tchad, kuba igihugu kidafite inkombe muri Afurika yo hagati, yiboneye iterambere rya platform B2B zitandukanye zorohereza ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi. Hano hari amwe muma platform ya B2B azwi muri Tchad hamwe na aderesi zabo: 1. TradeKey Chad (www.tradekey.com/cm_chad): TradeKey ni isoko rya B2B ku isi hose aho amasosiyete aturuka mu bihugu bitandukanye ashobora guhuza, ibicuruzwa na serivisi. Itanga urubuga kubucuruzi bwa Tchad kwagura ibikorwa byabo mumahanga. 2. Ububiko bwohereza ibicuruzwa muri Tchad (www.exporters-directory.com/chad): Iki gitabo kizobereye mu gutondekanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bya Tchad biva mu nganda zitandukanye nk'ubuhinzi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, inganda, n'ibindi. Ubucuruzi bwaho bushobora kwerekana ibicuruzwa kubashobora kuba abakiriya kwisi yose. 3. Urupapuro rwubucuruzi rwa Afrika - Tchad (www.africa-businesspages.com/chad): Urupapuro rwubucuruzi rwa Afrika nubuyobozi bwa interineti bwibanda kubucuruzi bwa Afrika. Itanga igice cyihariye kubigo bikorera muri Tchad kugirango bamenyekanishe ibicuruzwa byabo cyangwa serivisi kubaguzi baho ndetse n’amahanga. 4. Tchad ya Alibaba (www.alibaba.com/countrysearch/TD/chad-whole-seller.html): Imwe mumahuriro manini ya B2B kwisi yose, Alibaba iha ubucuruzi bwa Tchad amahirwe yo kugera kubaguzi baturutse kwisi yose. Abatanga isoko barashobora gukora imyirondoro yerekana itangwa ryabo kandi bagahuza nabaguzi bashimishijwe. 5. GlobalTrade.net - Tchad (www.globaltrade.net/chad/Icyegeranyo-) Ikora nkibikoresho byingenzi byo guhuza ibigo bya Tchad nabafatanyabikorwa mubucuruzi mumahanga. 6.DoingBusinessInChad (www.doingbusinessin.ch/en-Chineese) Uru rubuga rutanga amakuru yuzuye yerekeye gukora ubucuruzi muri Tchad harimo ibisabwa n'amategeko / amabwiriza, imisoro, urwego rwubucuruzi nibindi.Birafasha kandi abakoresha guhura nabanyamwuga bafite uburambe mugukora ubucuruzi imbere isoko rya chadiyani Nyamuneka menya ko izi mbuga zitanga urwego rutandukanye rwa serivisi nibikorwa. Mbere yo kwishora mubucuruzi ubwo aribwo bwose, ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi bunoze nubushishozi bukwiye kugirango ubufatanye bwemewe kandi bwizewe.
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