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Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Ubuyapani ni igihugu giherereye mu burasirazuba bwa Aziya, kigizwe n'ibirwa bine binini ndetse n'ibirwa bito byinshi, mu burengerazuba bw'inyanja ya pasifika. Ubuyapani ni gahunda y’inteko ishinga amategeko iyobowe na minisitiri w’intebe, kandi gahunda ya politiki igabanyijemo imbaraga eshatu, ni ukuvuga ububasha bwo gushyiraho amategeko, ubutegetsi n’ubuyobozi bw’ubucamanza bukoreshwa na Diet, Inama y’Abaminisitiri n’inkiko. Umurwa mukuru w'Ubuyapani ni Tokiyo. Ubuyapani nigihugu kigezweho cyateye imbere cyane, nubukungu bwa gatatu ku isi mu bukungu, ibinyabiziga, ibyuma, ibikoresho by’imashini, kubaka ubwato, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’inganda za robo mu nyungu z’irushanwa ku isi. Ubuyapani bufite ibikorwa remezo n’itumanaho byuzuye, ibikoresho byorohereza abantu gutwara abantu n’imihanda minini, gari ya moshi, indege n’ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja, isoko rinini, hamwe n’amategeko n'amabwiriza meza hamwe na sisitemu y'inguzanyo. Ubuyapani nigihugu cyizinga cyimisozi, 75% muri byo ni imisozi n’imisozi kandi ntibifite umutungo kamere. Ikirere cy’Ubuyapani ahanini ni icy'ikirere cy’ubushyuhe bwo mu nyanja, ibihe bine bitandukanye, icyi n’imvura n’imvura, igihe cy'itumba cyumye kandi gikonje. Abatuye Ubuyapani bagera kuri miliyoni 126, cyane cyane Yamato, bafite umubare muto wa Ainu n’abandi bake. Ururimi rwemewe rw'Ubuyapani ni Ikiyapani, kandi sisitemu yo kwandika ikubiyemo Hiragana na katakana. Umuco gakondo w'Ubuyapani wagize ingaruka ku mico y'Abashinwa n'Uburengerazuba, bituma habaho umuco udasanzwe. Umuco wibiribwa mubuyapani nawo ukize cyane, ibiryo bizwi byabayapani nka sushi, ramen, tempura nibindi. Muri rusange, Ubuyapani nigihugu gifite urwego rwo hejuru rugezweho kandi gakondo gakondo.

Yen yapani ni ifaranga ryemewe ry’Ubuyapani, ryashinzwe mu 1871, kandi rikoreshwa kenshi nk'ifaranga ryabitswe nyuma y'idolari na euro. Inoti zayo zizwi ku izina rya banki zo mu Buyapani, zemewe n'amategeko mu Buyapani kandi zashyizweho ku ya 1 Gicurasi 1871. Yen yo mu Buyapani ni izina ry’ishami ry’ifaranga ry’Ubuyapani, ryatanzwe mu 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000 yen amoko ane y’inoti. , 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 yen amadini atandatu. By'umwihariko, inoti za yen zitangwa na Banki y’Ubuyapani ("Banki y’Ubuyapani - Inyandiko za Banki y’Ubuyapani") naho ibiceri bya yen bitangwa na Guverinoma y’Ubuyapani ("Igihugu cy’Ubuyapani").

Dore igipimo cy’ivunjisha ry’Abayapani yen ugereranije n’idolari ry’Amerika hamwe n’Ubushinwa: Igipimo cya Yen / Amadolari: Mubisanzwe hafi 100 yen kumadorari. Nyamara, iki gipimo gihindagurika ukurikije amasoko nibisabwa hamwe nubukungu bwisi yose. Igipimo cyo kuvunja hagati yen na RMB: Mubisanzwe amafaranga 1 ari munsi ya 2 yen. Iki gipimo kandi kigira ingaruka kubitangwa ku isoko no kubisabwa hamwe nubukungu bwisi yose. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko igipimo cy’ivunjisha gifite imbaraga kandi birasabwa kugisha inama umunyamwuga cyangwa kugenzura amakuru ajyanye n’ivunjisha mbere y’igikorwa runaka.

Iminsi mikuru y'ingenzi mu Buyapani harimo umunsi mushya, Umunsi wo Kuzuza Imyaka, Umunsi Fondasiyo Yigihugu, Umunsi wa Vino Vino, Umunsi wa Showa, Umunsi w'Itegeko Nshinga, Umunsi w'icyatsi, Umunsi w'abana, Umunsi w'inyanja, Kubaha umunsi w'abasaza, umunsi w'impeshyi, umunsi wa siporo, Umunsi wumuco, numunsi wo gushimira cyane. Bimwe muriyi minsi mikuru ni iminsi mikuru y'igihugu, naho indi ni iminsi mikuru gakondo. Muri bo, Umunsi mushya ni umwaka mushya w’Ubuyapani, abantu bazakora ibirori gakondo, nko kuvuza inzogera kumunsi wambere, kurya ifunguro ryongeye guhura, nibindi.; Umunsi wo kuza-ni umunsi mukuru wurubyiruko rurengeje imyaka 20, iyo bambaye kimonos bakitabira ibirori byaho; Umunsi w’igihugu ni umunsi mukuru wo kwibuka isabukuru y’Ubuyapani washinzwe, kandi guverinoma izakora imihango yo kwibuka ishingwa ry’igihugu, kandi abaturage bazitabira ibirori. Byongeye kandi, imvugo gakondo yizuba nkibihe byimpeshyi, izuba ryizuba hamwe nizuba ryizuba nabyo ni iminsi mikuru ikomeye mubuyapani, kandi abantu bazakora ibikorwa byo gutamba no guha umugisha. Umunsi w'abana ni umunsi wo kwishimira abana. Abantu bakora ibikorwa bitandukanye n'impano kubana. Iserukiramuco rya siporo ryibutsa umuhango wo gutangiza imikino Olempike yo mu 1964 yabereye i Tokiyo, kandi guverinoma ikora ibirori bitandukanye by'imikino n'ibikorwa byo kwibuka. Muri rusange, hari iminsi mikuru myinshi yingenzi mubuyapani igaragaza umuco wubuyapani, amateka nindangagaciro gakondo. Yaba umunsi mukuru wigihugu cyangwa umunsi mukuru gakondo, abayapani bizihiza muburyo butandukanye bwo kwerekana ko bashimira kandi bashimira ubuzima na kamere.

Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu Buyapani ni ubu bukurikira: Ubuyapani n’ubukungu bwa gatatu ku isi, kandi ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bugira uruhare runini mu bukungu bwabwo. Ibicuruzwa by’Ubuyapani byohereza mu mahanga birimo imodoka, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibyuma, amato, n'ibindi, mu gihe ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga birimo ingufu, ibikoresho fatizo, ibiryo, n'ibindi. Ubuyapani bufite ubucuruzi n’ibihugu byinshi n’uturere, muri byo Amerika n’Ubushinwa n’abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu Buyapani. Byongeye kandi, Ubuyapani bufite umubano w’ubucuruzi n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Koreya yepfo, Aziya y’amajyepfo y’iburasirazuba ndetse n’ibindi bihugu n’uturere. Ibintu nyamukuru biranga ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu Buyapani harimo urwego rwo hejuru rw’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, gutandukanya abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi, no gutandukanya uburyo bw’ubucuruzi. Muri icyo gihe, hamwe n’izamuka rya e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka no kwihuta kw’isi, ubucuruzi bw’amahanga mu Buyapani nabwo burahora butera imbere kandi bugahinduka. Guverinoma y’Ubuyapani yiyemeje guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’ububanyi n’amahanga, hashyirwaho ibidukikije n’imiterere y’ubucuruzi bw’Ubuyapani mu gushimangira umubano w’amakoperative n’abafatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi, guteza imbere ubwisanzure mu bucuruzi no korohereza izindi ngamba. Muri rusange, Ubuyapani bw’ubucuruzi bw’ububanyi n’amahanga buragoye cyane, burimo imirima n’uturere twinshi. Guverinoma y’Ubuyapani n’inganda bizakomeza gushimangira ubufatanye n’ibindi bihugu hagamijwe iterambere ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga hagamijwe kuzamura iterambere rihamye ry’ubukungu no kuzamura ihiganwa mpuzamahanga.

Ubushobozi bwisoko ryo kohereza mu Buyapani bugaragarira cyane cyane mubice bikurikira: Kuzamura ibicuruzwa: Hamwe n’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’Ubuyapani no kuzamura imbaraga z’abaguzi, abakiriya bakeneye ibicuruzwa byiza kandi byongerewe agaciro bikomeje kwiyongera. Ibi bitanga amahirwe menshi yubucuruzi kubucuruzi bwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga: Ubuyapani nigihugu cyingenzi mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ku isi, cyane cyane mu bijyanye na elegitoroniki, imodoka, robot n'ibindi. Ibigo byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga birashobora gufatanya n’inganda zo mu Buyapani guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya kugira ngo bikemuke ku isoko. Ibidukikije bikenerwa: Hamwe no kongera ubumenyi bw’ibidukikije, Ubuyapani bukenera ibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije n’ingufu zisukuye nabyo biriyongera. Ibigo byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze birashobora gutanga ikoranabuhanga ryangiza ibidukikije nibicuruzwa kugirango byuzuze isoko. Imiyoboro ya e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka: Hamwe n’izamuka rya e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, abakoresha b’Ubuyapani bongereye ibicuruzwa byabo mu mahanga. Inganda zohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa zishobora kwinjira ku isoko ry’Ubuyapani binyuze ku mbuga za e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka kugira ngo zitange ibicuruzwa na serivisi bitandukanye. Guhana umuco: Hamwe no guhanahana umuco kenshi hagati y'Ubushinwa n'Ubuyapani, abaguzi b'Abayapani barushijeho gushishikazwa n'umuco w'Abashinwa, amateka n'ibicuruzwa. Ibigo byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze birashobora gukoresha amahirwe yo guhanahana umuco kugirango berekane ibicuruzwa byabo nibisobanuro byumuco. Ubufatanye mu buhinzi: Ubushinwa n’Ubuyapani bifite ubufatanye bukomeye mu bijyanye n’ubuhinzi. Mu gihe isoko ry’ubuhinzi mu Buyapani rikomeje gukingurwa n’amahanga, inganda z’ubuhinzi mu Bushinwa zirashobora gutanga ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi byujuje ubuziranenge kugira ngo bikemure isoko. Ubufatanye mu nganda: Ubuyapani bufite urwego rwo hejuru rw’ikoranabuhanga n'uburambe mu rwego rwo gukora inganda, mu gihe Ubushinwa bufite ubushobozi bunini bwo gukora n'abakozi. Impande zombi zishobora gukora ubufatanye bwimbitse mu bijyanye n’inganda no gufatanya gushakisha isoko mpuzamahanga. Muri rusange, isoko ry’ibyoherezwa mu Buyapani rigaragarira cyane cyane mu kuzamura ibicuruzwa, guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, gukingira ibidukikije, urubuga rwa e-ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, guhanahana umuco, ubufatanye mu buhinzi n’ubufatanye mu nganda. Binyuze mu guhanga udushya no kuzamura ireme, inganda z’Abashinwa zirashobora gufatanya n’inganda z’Abayapani gushakira hamwe isoko no kugera ku nyungu n’ibisubizo byunguka.

Ibicuruzwa bizwi cyane byoherezwa mu Buyapani birimo: Ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa byujuje ubuziranenge: Abayapani barasaba cyane ibijyanye n'ubwiza bw'ibiribwa byabo, bityo ibiryo n'ibinyobwa byiza bitumizwa mu mahanga birashoboka ko byakirwa. Kurugero, ibiryo byihariye, shokora, amavuta ya elayo, ubuki nibindi bicuruzwa kama. Ibicuruzwa byubuzima nubwiza: Abaguzi b’Abayapani bafite ubuzima bwiza n’ubwiza, bityo ibicuruzwa byita ku buzima, ibicuruzwa byita ku ruhu karemano, amavuta yo kwisiga, nibindi, bishobora kugira isoko. Ibikoresho byo murugo hamwe nubuzima: Ibikoresho byo murugo byujuje ubuziranenge, ibintu byateguwe byubuzima bishobora gukundwa kumasoko yUbuyapani. Kurugero, imitako idasanzwe yo murugo, ibikoresho, ibikoresho byo kumeza, nibindi. Imyambarire hamwe nibindi bikoresho: Imyenda yimyambarire, ibikapu, ibikoresho, nibindi bifite ibishushanyo bidasanzwe nibisobanuro birashobora gushimisha abaguzi b'Abayapani. Ibicuruzwa byikoranabuhanga nibikoresho bya elegitoronike: Ubuyapani nigihugu cyo guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, bityo ibicuruzwa byikoranabuhanga bishya, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, nibicuruzwa byo mu rugo byubwenge birashobora kwakirwa. Umuco n'ubukorikori: Ibicuruzwa bifite umuco udasanzwe cyangwa ubukorikori bishobora kubona umwanya ku isoko ry’Ubuyapani. Kurugero, ubukorikori gakondo, ubuhanzi nibindi. Imikino n'ibicuruzwa byo hanze: Ibikorwa byubuzima no hanze bihabwa agaciro cyane mubuyapani, bityo hashobora kubaho isoko ryibikoresho bya siporo, ibicuruzwa byo hanze, nibikoresho bya fitness. Ibikomoka ku matungo: Abayapani bakunda amatungo, bityo ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano n’amatungo, nkibiryo byamatungo, ibikinisho byamatungo, ibikomoka ku matungo, nibindi, nabyo bifite amahirwe yo kubona isoko. Ibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije: Hamwe n’ubukangurambaga bugenda bwiyongera ku isi ku bijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije, abaguzi b’Abayapani bakeneye ibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije nabyo biriyongera, nkibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, ibicuruzwa bizigama ingufu, nibindi. Ibicuruzwa byita ku muntu ku giti cye: Ubuyapani buzwiho kwisiga n’ibicuruzwa byita ku ruhu, bityo ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byita ku bantu nka masike, serumu, isuku, n’ibindi, nabyo birashobora gukundwa n’abaguzi. Muri rusange, ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe cyane byoherezwa mu Buyapani bigomba kugira ibiranga ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, guhanga udushya ndetse n’umuco kugira ngo bihuze ibyifuzo by’abaguzi b’Abayapani. Muri icyo gihe, ni ngombwa kandi gusobanukirwa amategeko n'amabwiriza n'ibisabwa gutumizwa mu mahanga ku isoko ry'Ubuyapani kugira ngo ibicuruzwa byubahirize ibipimo n'amabwiriza bijyanye.

Ibiranga na kirazira z'abakiriya b'Abayapani birimo ibintu bikurikira: Ikinyabupfura: Abayapani baha agaciro gakomeye ikinyabupfura, cyane cyane mubucuruzi. Mu itumanaho risanzwe, abagabo n’abagore bakeneye kwambara amakositimu, imyenda, ntibashobora kwambara bisanzwe cyangwa bidahwitse, kandi imyitwarire igomba kuba ikwiye. Iyo uhuye numuntu kunshuro yambere, amakarita yubucuruzi arahanahana, mubisanzwe atangwa mbere na mugenzi wawe muto. Mugihe cy'itumanaho, kunama ni ikinyabupfura gisanzwe cyo kwerekana icyubahiro no kwiyoroshya. Uburyo bwo gushyikirana: Abayapani bakunda kuvuga ibitekerezo byabo mu buryo butaziguye kandi bushimishije, aho kuvuga mu buryo butaziguye icyo batekereza. Bashobora kandi gukoresha amagambo adasobanutse kugirango birinde gusubiza ikibazo muburyo butaziguye. Kubwibyo, mugihe ushyikirana nabakiriya b'Abayapani, ugomba gutega amatwi wihanganye kandi ukumva hagati y'imirongo. Igitekerezo cyigihe: Abayapani baha agaciro gakomeye gahunda yigihe kandi bagakomeza amasezerano. Mu itumanaho ry’ubucuruzi, uko bishoboka kwose kugira ngo ugere aho byumvikanyweho ku gihe, niba hari impinduka, ugomba kumenyesha undi muburanyi vuba bishoboka. Gutanga impano: Numuco usanzwe mubucuruzi bwabayapani guhanahana impano. Guhitamo impano mubisanzwe byita kubyo ukunda n’umuco w’undi muburanyi, kandi ntibishobora gutanga impano zihenze cyane, bitabaye ibyo birashobora kugaragara nka ruswa idakwiye. Imyitwarire yameza: Abayapani baha agaciro gakomeye imyitwarire yimeza kandi bakurikiza amategeko, nko gutegereza kugeza igihe abantu bose bicaye mbere yo gutangira kurya, kutereka amacupa kubandi, no kutareka ibiryo bishyushye bikonje hanyuma bakabisubiza ubushyuhe. Itandukaniro ry'umuco: Mubikorwa byubucuruzi, wubahe umuco wubuyapani nindangagaciro kandi wirinde kuvuga kubintu byoroshye nka politiki nidini. Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe kandi kubahiriza ingeso zakazi nubucuruzi bwabayapani kugirango dushyireho umubano mwiza wubufatanye. Muri rusange, mugihe ukorana nabakiriya b’Ubuyapani, birakenewe ko twubaha umuco wabo, indangagaciro zabo nubucuruzi bwabo, kumva uburyo bwabo bwo gutumanaho nigihe cyogutekereza, no kwitondera amakuru arambuye nko guhitamo impano nuburyo bwo kumeza. Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe gukomeza ubunyangamugayo n’ubunyangamugayo kugira ngo dushyireho umubano w’igihe kirekire.

Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo y’Ubuyapani yashyizweho kugira ngo hubahirizwe amabwiriza ya gasutamo, kubungabunga umutekano w’igihugu n’inyungu rusange, no guteza imbere ubucuruzi n’iterambere ry’ubukungu. Gasutamo y'Ubuyapani yiyobora kandi ifite ubuyobozi bwigenga n'ububasha. Gasutamo ishinzwe gushyiraho no gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza ya gasutamo, kugenzura, kugenzura, gusoresha no kurwanya magendu y'ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ibintu nyamukuru biranga sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo yabayapani harimo: Kugenzura cyane ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga: Gasutamo y’Ubuyapani igenzura cyane ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo byuzuze ibipimo by’umutekano, ubuzima n’ibidukikije. Kubicuruzwa bimwe byihariye, nkibiryo, ibiyobyabwenge, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, nibindi, ibisabwa na gasutamo yabayapani birakomeye. Uburyo bunoze bwo gukuraho gasutamo: Gasutamo y’Ubuyapani yiyemeje kunoza imikorere y’imisoro no kugabanya igihe cyo gutegereza n’igiciro cy’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Binyuze mu gukoresha sisitemu zo gutumiza za gasutamo n’ibikoresho byikora, gasutamo y’Ubuyapani irashobora gutunganya vuba imenyekanisha rya gasutamo no kugenzura ibicuruzwa. Ingamba zo kurwanya magendu no kurwanya ruswa: Gasutamo y’Ubuyapani ifata ingamba zikomeye zo kurwanya magendu no kurwanya ruswa mu rwego rwo kurwanya ibikorwa bitemewe mu bucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Abakozi ba gasutamo bagenzura ibicuruzwa bikekwa no guhashya magendu na ruswa. Ubufatanye mpuzamahanga: Gasutamo y’Ubuyapani igira uruhare runini mu bufatanye n’amahanga, ikorana n’inzego za gasutamo z’ibindi bihugu mu guhanahana amakuru, kubahiriza amategeko, n'ibindi, kugira ngo dufatanye kurwanya magendu yambukiranya imipaka n’ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi. Muri rusange, gahunda y’imicungire ya gasutamo y’Ubuyapani irangwa n’ingutu, ikora neza kandi ikorera mu mucyo, igamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga n’iterambere ry’ubukungu, no guharanira umutekano w’igihugu n’inyungu rusange.

Politiki y’imisoro yatumijwe mu Buyapani ikubiyemo ahanini imisoro n’imisoro. Amahoro ni ubwoko bwimisoro Ubuyapani bushyira kubicuruzwa byatumijwe hanze, kandi ibiciro biratandukanye bitewe nubwoko bwibicuruzwa nigihugu cyaturutse. Gasutamo y'Abayapani igena igipimo cy'amahoro ukurikije ubwoko n'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Kubicuruzwa bimwe byihariye, nkibiryo, ibinyobwa, itabi, nibindi, Ubuyapani bushobora no gushyiraho indi misoro yihariye itumizwa mu mahanga. Usibye ibiciro, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bishobora no gusoreshwa. Umusoro ku byaguzwe ni umusoro usoreshwa cyane, ndetse no ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Abatumiza mu mahanga basabwa kumenyekanisha agaciro, ingano n'ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa byatumijwe muri gasutamo y'Ubuyapani, kandi bagatanga umusoro ujyanye n'ibicuruzwa ukurikije agaciro k'ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Byongeye kandi, Ubuyapani bushobora kandi gushyiraho indi misoro ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bitumizwa mu mahanga, nko kubitsa mu mahanga, imisoro y’ibidukikije, n'ibindi. Ibisobanuro birambuye by’imisoro biratandukanye bitewe n’ibicuruzwa n’isoko ry’ibitumizwa mu mahanga. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko politiki y’imisoro y’Ubuyapani ishobora guhinduka, kandi igipimo cy’imisoro n’uburyo bwo gukusanya bishobora gutandukana bitewe n’ibyemezo bya guverinoma y’Ubuyapani. Kubwibyo, abatumiza ibicuruzwa bagomba kumva no kubahiriza amabwiriza yimisoro iriho kugirango ibicuruzwa byinjira mubuyapani byemewe n'amategeko.

Politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu Buyapani ahanini ikubiyemo umusoro ku byaguzwe, amahoro n’indi misoro. Ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, Ubuyapani bufite politiki yihariye y’imisoro, harimo igipimo cya zeru cy’imisoro ku bicuruzwa, kugabanya imisoro no kugabanyirizwa imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga. Umusoro ku byaguzwe: Ubusanzwe Ubuyapani bufite igipimo cya zeru ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ibi bivuze ko ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga bitatangirwa umusoro ku byaguzwe iyo byoherejwe hanze, ariko bigasoreshwa imisoro ijyanye iyo bitumijwe mu mahanga. Amahoro: Ubuyapani bushiraho amahoro kubicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, bitandukanye nibicuruzwa. Muri rusange, igipimo cy’ibiciro kiri hasi, ariko ibicuruzwa bimwe bishobora gusoreshwa ku kigero cyo hejuru. Ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, guverinoma y’Ubuyapani irashobora gutanga imisoro cyangwa kugabanyirizwa imisoro. Indi misoro: Usibye imisoro ku bicuruzwa n’amahoro ya gasutamo, Ubuyapani bufite n’imisoro myinshi ijyanye n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, nk'umusoro ku nyongeragaciro, imisoro yaho, n'ibindi. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma y’Ubuyapani yashyize mu bikorwa politiki nyinshi zo guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, nk’ubwishingizi bwoherezwa mu mahanga, gutera inkunga ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ndetse no gutanga imisoro. Izi politiki zagenewe gufasha ibigo kwagura ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga no kuzamura irushanwa mpuzamahanga. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko politiki y’imisoro ishobora gutandukana bitewe na guverinoma na guverinoma mu Buyapani. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibigo bigomba kumva neza politiki y’imisoro y’Ubuyapani mbere yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu rwego rwo kurushaho kunoza ubucuruzi bwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.

Ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu Buyapani bigomba kuba byujuje amabwiriza n’ibipimo bijyanye n’Ubuyapani, ibikurikira ni bimwe mu byangombwa bisabwa: Icyemezo cya CE: Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ufite ibyangombwa by’umutekano ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga kandi bigurishwa mu bihugu by’Uburayi, kandi icyemezo cya CE ni itangazo ryerekana ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa n’amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Icyemezo cya RoHS: Kumenya ibintu bitandatu byangiza mubicuruzwa byamashanyarazi na elegitoronike, harimo isasu, mercure, kadmium, chromium ya hexavalent, biphenili polybromine na polybromine diphenyl ethers. Icyemezo cya ISO: Icyemezo n’umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubuziranenge, gifite amahame akomeye y’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa n’imicungire y’ibikorwa, birashobora kunoza ubwizerwe no guhuza ibicuruzwa. Icyemezo cya JIS: Icyemezo cy'inganda z'Ubuyapani cyemeza umutekano, imikorere no guhinduranya ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye. Icyemezo cya PSE: Icyemezo cyumutekano kubikoresho byamashanyarazi nibikoresho bigurishwa kumasoko yUbuyapani, harimo ibikoresho byumurongo wubutaka nibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa kandi kwita ku byangombwa bimwe na bimwe bisabwa kugira ngo umuntu yemeze, nk'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi bigomba kwemezwa na Minisiteri y’ubuzima, Umurimo n’Imibereho myiza y’Ubuyapani, kandi ibiryo bigomba kwemezwa n’amategeko y’Ubuyapani yita ku biribwa n’isuku ry’ibiribwa. Amategeko. Kubera iyo mpamvu, imishinga yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze igomba kumva ibipimo ngenderwaho nibisabwa kugirango isoko ryerekanwe kugirango ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa kandi byinjire ku isoko neza.

Amasosiyete mpuzamahanga yo mu Buyapani Logistics arimo Ubuyapani Post, Sagawa Express, Nippon Express na Hitachi Logistics, n'ibindi. Izi sosiyete zifite umuyoboro mpuzamahanga w’ibikoresho hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ry’ibikoresho, bitanga serivisi z’ibikoresho ku isi hose, harimo gutanga ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga, gutwara imizigo, ububiko, gupakira no gupakurura no gupakira. Izi sosiyete ziyemeje kunoza imikorere y’ibikoresho no kugabanya ibiciro by’ibikoresho kugira ngo zitange serivisi nziza.

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Bimwe mu imurikagurisha ryingenzi ryo kohereza mu Buyapani harimo imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’Ubuyapani (http://www.jaaero.org/), Ubuyapani mpuzamahanga bw’ubwato (http://www.jibshow.com/english/), Ubuyapani Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga (https://www.japan-motorshow.com/), hamwe n’imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya robo (http://www.international-robot-expo.jp/en/). Iri murika rikorwa buri mwaka, Ni urubuga rukomeye rwo kwerekana ibicuruzwa n’ikoranabuhanga bigezweho no guteza imbere ubucuruzi n’ubufatanye. Abashora ibicuruzwa hanze bashobora gukoresha imurikagurisha kugirango berekane ibicuruzwa na serivisi, guhuza n'abaguzi b'Abayapani no kwagura ubucuruzi bwabo.

Imashini zishakisha

Yahoo! Ubuyapani (https://www.yahoo.co.jp/) Google Ubuyapani (https://www.google.co.jp/) MSN Ubuyapani (https://www.msn.co.jp/) DuckDuckGo Ubuyapani (https://www.duckduckgo.com/jp/)

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Urupapuro rwumuhondo JAPAN (https://www.jpyellowpages.com/) Urupapuro rwumuhondo Ubuyapani (https://yellowpages.jp/) Nippon Telegraph na Terefone Urupapuro rwumuhondo (https://www.ntt-bp.co.jp/umusangira_page/en/)

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Zimwe mu mbuga za e-ubucuruzi zo mu Buyapani zirimo Rakuten (https://www.rakuten.co.jp/), Amazone y'Ubuyapani (https://www.amazon.co.jp/), na Yahoo! Cyamunara Ubuyapani (https://auctions.yahoo.co.jp/). Izi porogaramu zitanga ibicuruzwa byinshi na serivisi kubakiriya b’Abayapani n’abaguzi mpuzamahanga.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Zimwe mu mbuga nkoranyambaga z’Abayapani zirimo Twitter Ubuyapani (https://twitter.jp/), Facebook Ubuyapani (https://www.facebook.com/Facebook-in-Japan), Instagram Ubuyapani (https: // www. instagram.com/explore/locations/195432362/japan/), n'umurongo w'Ubuyapani (https://www.line.me/en/). Izi porogaramu zizwi cyane mubakoresha abayapani kandi zitanga ibintu na serivisi zitandukanye kugirango uhuze nabandi.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Amashyirahamwe akomeye y’inganda yohereza mu Buyapani harimo Ubuyapani bw’ubucuruzi bwo hanze (JETRO) (https://www.jetro.go.jp/en/), Inama y’ubucuruzi y’Ubuyapani muri Aziya (JBCA) (https: //www.jbca .or.jp / en /), hamwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’abakora ibinyabiziga mu Buyapani (JAMA) (https://www.jama.or.jp/english/). Aya mashyirahamwe atanga inkunga nubutunzi kubucuruzi bwohereza ibicuruzwa mubuyapani kandi bigafasha guteza imbere ubucuruzi nishoramari hagati yUbuyapani nibindi bihugu.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Urubuga nyamukuru rwubukungu nubucuruzi rwohereza mu Buyapani harimo EC ノミカタ (http://ecnomikata.com/), ni urubuga ruzwi cyane mu makuru yuzuye mu bucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi bw’Ubuyapani. Irimo e-ubucuruzi bwinshi bwo kugisha inama, e-ubucuruzi 技巧分享 no kwamamaza. Ndetse no kwamamaza birashobora kwerekana imiterere yubu e-ubucuruzi bwabayapani kandi bigasobanukirwa neza umukino wa e-ubucuruzi bwibitekerezo byabayapani. Hariho kandi E コマースやるなら EC サポータ http (http://tsuhan-ec.jp/), ni urubuga rw'amakuru rwakozwe n'abashoramari bo mu Buyapani bakorera kuri interineti. Amakuru avugururwa ugereranije mugihe kandi ni kwisi. Mubyongeyeho, hari EC ニュース: MarkeZine (マーケジン) (https://markezine.jp/), iyi nayo ikaba ari imwe mu mbuga za e-ubucuruzi n’urubuga rwa interineti rujyanye n’amakuru kuri interineti mu Buyapani. Amakuru yavuzwe haruguru arareba gusa, kandi amakuru arambuye arashobora kuboneka mugisha inama abari bafite ubumenyi bwimbitse kumasoko yUbuyapani.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Urubuga rw’ibibazo by’ubucuruzi by’Ubuyapani birimo Urubuga rw’ibarurishamibare rw’ibicuruzwa by’Ubuyapani (Ububiko bw’ibarurishamibare rya gasutamo, https://www.customs.go.jp/statistics/index.htm), uru rubuga rutanga Ibarurishamibare rya gasutamo mu Buyapani, Harimo amakuru y’ubucuruzi yinjira mu mahanga no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, ubucuruzi bwabafatanyabikorwa mubucuruzi, nibindi. Byongeye kandi, hari Ububiko bw’ubucuruzi bw’Ubuyapani bwo hanze (JETRO) Ububiko bw’ibarurishamibare. https://www.jetro.go.jp/en/stat_publication/trade_stats. Izi mbuga zirashobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa nubucuruzi bwabayapani no gutanga ibyerekeranye nubucuruzi mpuzamahanga.

B2b

Bimwe mubibuga byabayapani B2B birimo Hitachi Chemical, Toray, na Daikin. Izi porogaramu zitanga serivisi zubucuruzi kumurongo kandi zemerera abaguzi nabatanga isoko guhuza no guhanahana amakuru. Dore zimwe mu ngero zibi bibuga: Imiti ya Hitachi: https://www.hitachichemical.com/ Toray: https://www.toray.com/ Daikin: https://www.daikin.com/ Izi porogaramu zitanga ibicuruzwa na serivisi zitandukanye kubucuruzi no kubafasha gukora ibikorwa neza kandi byoroshye.