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Incamake y'igihugu
Ifaranga ry'igihugu
Igipimo cy'ivunjisha
Ibiruhuko by'ingenzi
Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga
Iterambere ryisoko
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bishyushye ku isoko
Ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira
Sisitemu yo gucunga gasutamo
Kuzana politiki y’imisoro
Politiki yo kohereza hanze
Impamyabumenyi isabwa kohereza hanze
Basabwe ibikoresho
Imiyoboro yo guteza imbere abaguzi

Indoneziya ni igihugu gitandukanye kandi gifite imbaraga giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya. Hatuwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 270, nicyo gihugu cya kane gituwe cyane ku isi. Igihugu kigizwe nibirwa ibihumbi, Java ikaba ituwe cyane. Indoneziya ifite umurage ndangamuco ukungahaye ku moko atandukanye arimo Javan, Sundanese, Maleziya, Balineine, nibindi byinshi. Iri tandukaniro rishobora kugaragara mu biryo byaryo, ubuhanzi gakondo n'ubukorikori, umuziki, imbyino nka Gamelan na Wayang Kulit (igicucu cy'igicucu), n'imigenzo y'idini. Ururimi rwemewe rwa Indoneziya ni Bahasa Indoneziya ariko indimi zaho nazo zivugwa mu birwa byose. Abenshi muri Indoneziya bakora idini ya Islamu nk'idini ryabo; icyakora, hari kandi abaturage bakomeye bubahiriza ubukristu, Abahindu, Ababuda cyangwa indi myizerere y'abasangwabutaka. Ku bijyanye na geografiya n'umutungo kamere, Indoneziya ifite ahantu nyaburanga nko mu mashyamba y'imvura atoshye azenguruka Sumatra kugera muri Papua. Niho ibinyabuzima bigenda byangirika nka orangutani na dragon ya Komodo. Ubutaka burumbuka bushigikira ubuhinzi harimo guhinga umuceri bigira uruhare runini mubukungu hamwe ninganda nko gukora imyenda, ibice byimodoka, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nibindi. Ubukerarugendo bwabaye ingenzi cyane ku bukungu bwa Indoneziya kubera inkombe zayo zitangaje nk'inyanja ya Kuta ya Bali cyangwa Ibirwa bya Gili bya Lombok bitanga amahirwe ku bakunzi ba sifingi cyangwa koga. Ibyiza ndangamuco nka Borobudur Temple / Urusengero rwa Prambanan rukurura abashyitsi baturutse hirya no hino ku isi buri mwaka. Guverinoma ikorera muri gahunda ya demokarasi hamwe na perezida watowe akora nk'umukuru w'igihugu na guverinoma. Nyamara kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage bituma ubwigenge bw'akarere mu ntara ziyobowe na ba Guverineri mu gihe guverinoma yo hagati igenzura politiki y'igihugu. Mu gihe Indoneziya ikomeje guhura n’ibibazo nk’ubukene n’ibibazo byo gutema amashyamba kubera iterambere ryihuse; iracyari ahantu heza kubagenzi bashaka amarangamutima hamwe nubunararibonye bwumuco butanga amahirwe yubushakashatsi butagira iherezo kubaturage ndetse nabanyamahanga!

Indoneziya ni igihugu gitandukanye kandi gifite imbaraga giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya. Ifaranga ryemewe rya Indoneziya ni Rupiya yo muri Indoneziya (IDR). IDR igaragazwa n'ikimenyetso "Rp" kandi ikaza mu madini atandukanye, harimo ibiceri n'inoti. Banki nkuru ya Indoneziya, Banki ya Indoneziya, ishinzwe gutanga no kugenzura ifaranga. Kugeza ubu, inoti za IDR ziraboneka mu madini 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000, 20.000, 50.000, n'amafaranga 100.000. Ibiceri biraboneka mu madini 100, Amafaranga 200, na 500. Kimwe na sisitemu iyo ari yo yose y’ifaranga ku isi, igipimo cy’ivunjisha hagati ya IDR n’andi mafaranga kiratandukana buri munsi bitewe nimpamvu nkubukungu nubushobozi bwisoko. Mubisanzwe birasabwa kugenzura ibiciro bya buri munsi mbere yo kuvunja cyangwa gukoresha amafaranga yamahanga. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko abadandaza bato bo mumuhanda cyangwa amaduka yaho bashobora kwemera gusa kugurisha amafaranga muri Indoneziya. Nyamara, ibigo binini nka hoteri cyangwa resitora bikunze kwakira amakarita yinguzanyo nkuburyo bwo kwishyura. Kuboneka kwa ATM nabyo bitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona amafaranga yaho kubasuye. Kugirango ubucuruzi bugende neza mugihe uzenguruka Indoneziya, birasabwa kugira kuvanga amafaranga hamwe namakarita yinguzanyo / kubikuza.Nkibindi bihugu byamahanga, burigihe nibyiza kwitondera amafaranga yimpimbano cyangwa uburiganya.Kwirinda ibi byago, nibyiza kuri kuvunja amafaranga muri banki zemewe cyangwa ahazwi kuvunja amafaranga. Muri make, Indoneziya Rupiah (IDR) nifaranga ryemewe rikoreshwa muri Indoneziya. Ihindagurika ry’ivunjisha rituma abagenzi mpuzamahanga bishimira ibicuruzwa na serivisi zitandukanye igihe cyose babaye. Witondere kugenzura igipimo nyacyo mugihe cyo guhana amafaranga, no gukomeza kuringaniza hagati y'amafaranga n'amakarita yishyuwe ukurikije ibyo ukunda.Iyi ngamba izafasha kumenya uburambe bushimishije kugendana nubucuruzi bwamafaranga mugihugu cyiza cya archipelago.

Ifaranga ryemewe rya Indoneziya ni Rupiya yo muri Indoneziya (IDR). Ikigereranyo cy’ivunjisha ugereranije n’amafaranga akomeye ku isi ni aya akurikira (guhera muri Nzeri 2021): 1 USD = 14,221 IDR 1 EUR = 16.730 IDR 1 GBP = 19.486 IDR 1 CAD = 11.220 IDR 1 AUD = 10.450 IDR Nyamuneka menya ko igipimo cyivunjisha gihindagurika kenshi kandi gishobora gutandukana bitewe nibintu bitandukanye nkibihe byamasoko niterambere ryubukungu. Burigihe nibyiza kugenzura hamwe nisoko ryizewe cyangwa ikigo cyimari kubiciro byivunjisha bigezweho.

Indoneziya, nk'igihugu gitandukanye gifite umurage ukungahaye ku muco, wizihiza iminsi mikuru myinshi y'umwaka. Dore bimwe mu birori by'ingenzi byizihizwa muri Indoneziya: 1. Umunsi wubwigenge (17 Kanama): Uyu munsi mukuru wigihugu wibutse ubwigenge bwa Indoneziya ku butegetsi bwabakoloni b’Ubuholandi mu 1945. Ni umunsi w’ishema no gukunda igihugu, waranzwe n’imihango yo kuzamura ibendera, parade, n’ibirori bitandukanye by’umuco. 2. Eid al-Fitr: Azwi kandi nka Hari Raya Idul Fitri cyangwa Lebaran, ibi birori byerekana ko Ramazani irangiye - ukwezi gutagatifu kwa kisilamu kwisonzesha. Imiryango iraterana kwizihiza hamwe no gusaba imbabazi. Harimo amasengesho adasanzwe ku misigiti, gusangira ibiryohereye gakondo nka ketupat na rendang, guha abana impano (izwi nka "uang lebaran"), no gusura abavandimwe. 3. Nyepi: Yitwa kandi umunsi wo guceceka cyangwa umwaka mushya wa Balineine, Nyepi ni umunsi mukuru wizihizwa cyane cyane muri Bali. Numunsi wahariwe kwigaragaza no kuzirikana mugihe guceceka byiganje mwizinga ryose amasaha 24 (nta matara cyangwa urusaku rwinshi). Abantu birinda gukora cyangwa kwishora mu myidagaduro kuko bibanda ku kwezwa mu mwuka binyuze mu kwiyiriza no gusenga. 4. Galungan: Uyu munsi mukuru wAbahindu wizihiza ibyiza hejuru yikibi wubaha imyuka yabasekuruza basura Isi muriki gihe cyiza kibaho buri minsi 210 ukurikije gahunda ya kalendari ya Baline. Imigozi ishushanya imigano (penjor) kumirongo yumurongo irimbishijwe imitako yamabara ikozwe mumababi yimikindo yitwa "janur." Amaturo atangwa mu nsengero mugihe imiryango ihurira hamwe muminsi mikuru idasanzwe. 5. Umwaka mushya w'Abashinwa: Bizihizwa n'umuryango wa Indoneziya n'Ubushinwa mu gihugu hose, Umwaka mushya w'Ubushinwa werekana imbyino zikomeye zo mu bwoko bwa dragon, zith fireworks, amatara atukura, n'imbyino gakondo z'intare. Muri ibyo birori harimo gusura abagize umuryango bateranira hamwe kugira ngo basangire amafunguro manini, basengera mu nsengero, guhana amabahasha atukura arimo amafaranga (Liu-reba) amahirwe masa, no kureba amasiganwa yubwato bwa dragon. Iyi minsi mikuru yerekana imico itandukanye ya Indoneziya, ihuza abantu kwishimira umurage wabo no kwimakaza ubumwe mu gihugu. Bagaragaza ibara ryinshi ryigihugu rivanze imigenzo, imyizerere, n'imigenzo.

Indoneziya, iherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, ni ubukungu bunini mu karere bufite ibikorwa bitandukanye by'ubucuruzi. Igihugu cyagize iterambere rikomeye mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu myaka yashize. Indoneziya yoherezwa mu mahanga harimo ibicuruzwa nk'ibicanwa bya peteroli, amavuta, n'ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga. Ibi bikoresho bifite igice kinini cyibyoherezwa hanze. Ibindi bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga birimo ibikomoka ku buhinzi nka reberi, amavuta y imikindo, nikawa. Ku bijyanye n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga, Indoneziya itumiza cyane cyane ibikoresho n’ibikoresho mu nganda nk’inganda n’amabuye y'agaciro. Itumiza kandi imiti n’ibicanwa kugirango bikenere ibyo mu rugo. Ubushinwa n’umufatanyabikorwa ukomeye mu bucuruzi muri Indoneziya, bingana igice kinini cy’ubucuruzi bwacyo. Abandi bafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu bucuruzi barimo Ubuyapani, Singapore, Ubuhinde, Koreya y'Epfo, na Amerika. Byongeye kandi, Indoneziya iri mu masezerano y’ubukungu menshi yo mu karere yorohereje kwagura ubucuruzi. Ni umunyamuryango wa ASEAN (Ishyirahamwe ry’ibihugu byo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya), iteza imbere kwishyira hamwe kw’akarere binyuze mu kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho imisoro ku bicuruzwa byacururizwaga mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango. Igihugu kandi cyagiranye amasezerano y’ubucuruzi y’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu byombi (FTAs) n’ibihugu birimo Ositaraliya n’Ubuyapani kugira ngo biteze imbere ubucuruzi binyuze mu kunoza isoko. Ariko, twakagombye kumenya ko nubwo ibikorwa byubucuruzi bikomeye muri iki gihe; Indoneziya ihura n’ibibazo nko kunoza ibikorwa remezo hagamijwe kongera imikoranire hagati y’uturere two mu gihugu ndetse no kunoza uburyo bw’ibikoresho kugira ngo hongerwe ingufu mu mahanga-ibyoherezwa mu mahanga ndetse no mu mahanga.

Indoneziya, nk'ubukungu bunini mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya ndetse n'imwe mu masoko azamuka ku isi, ifite amahirwe menshi yo kwagura isoko ry'ubucuruzi bwo hanze. Ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare mubyerekezo bya Indoneziya mubyerekeranye niterambere ryubucuruzi. Ubwa mbere, Indoneziya ifite ibyiza by’abaturage kandi abaturage barenga miliyoni 270. Iri soko rinini ryabaguzi ryerekana amahirwe menshi kubucuruzi bushaka kwinjira mumasoko ya Indoneziya cyangwa kwagura aho bahari. Byongeye kandi, aba baturage biyongera batanga amahirwe yo kongera ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu no gukenera ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Icya kabiri, Indoneziya ifite umutungo kamere, harimo amabuye y'agaciro n'ibikomoka ku buhinzi. Ibicuruzwa byayo bitandukanye birashyira ahantu hizewe hifashishijwe ibikoresho fatizo bisabwa nibindi bihugu. Iyi nkunga yingirakamaro itanga amahirwe menshi yinganda zishingiye ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga gutera imbere. Byongeye kandi, nkigihugu cy’ibirwa bigizwe n’ibirwa birenga 17,000, Indoneziya ifite umutungo munini w’inyanja n’ubushobozi mu nzego nk’uburobyi n’amafi. Izi nzego zirashobora kurushaho gutanga umusanzu haba mu gihugu ndetse no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma ya Indoneziya yashyize mu bikorwa ingamba zitandukanye zo guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo mu gihugu hose. Iyi mbaraga ikomeje yorohereza imikoranire myiza hagati yakarere ka Indoneziya ndetse ikanatezimbere imiyoboro itwara abantu n’abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu bucuruzi ku isi. Ibikorwa remezo byatejwe imbere bishyigikira ibikorwa bya logistique bikenewe kugirango ubucuruzi bw’amahanga butagira akagero. Byongeye kandi, Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi ku buntu (FTAs) yumvikanyweho na Indoneziya n’ibindi bihugu agira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere ubufatanye mpuzamahanga mu bucuruzi. Mu kugabanya inzitizi nk’amahoro cyangwa igipimo ku bicuruzwa na serivisi byihariye hagati y’ibihugu byitabiriye aya mahugurwa, iyi FTA itanga ibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa muri Indoneziya ku buryo bworoshye kubona amasoko mashya mu gihe bikurura ishoramari ritaziguye ry’amahanga mu nzego zikomeye nk'inganda cyangwa serivisi. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, nubwo hari ibintu byiza byavuzwe haruguru, hari imbogamizi zishobora kubangamira kumenya neza ubushobozi bw’ubucuruzi bw’ububanyi n’amahanga bwa Indoneziya nko kugenzura ibibazo, gukorera mu mucyo, ruswa n'ibindi. Mu gusoza, kubera ubwinshi bw’abaturage bufatanije n’umutungo mwinshi hamwe n’iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo ndetse n’amasezerano meza y’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye (FTAs), Indoneziya irerekana icyerekezo cyiza cyo kwagura isi yose mu bucuruzi bw’amahanga.

Ku bijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa ku isoko rya Indoneziya, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibyifuzo byaho, inzira, n'umuco. Indoneziya ifite abaturage batandukanye kandi bo mu cyiciro cyo hagati kigenda cyiyongera, ku buryo ari ahantu heza h’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Dore zimwe mu nama zijyanye no guhitamo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye ku isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga muri Indoneziya: 1. Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi: Hamwe no kwiyongera kwikoranabuhanga muri Indoneziya, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi nka terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, tableti, hamwe n’ibikoresho byo mu rugo bifite ubwenge birashakishwa cyane. 2. Imyambarire n'imyambarire: Abanya Indoneziya bafite imyumvire ikomeye yimyambarire kandi bakurikiza hafi imyambarire yisi. Hitamo imyenda igezweho nk'imyenda, T-shati, imyenda ya denim, ibikoresho (ibikapu / igikapu), inkweto zijyanye nuburyo busanzwe kandi busanzwe. 3. Ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa: Ibyokurya bya Indoneziya bitanga uburyohe budasanzwe nibirungo bishobora gushimisha abaguzi baho. Tekereza kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge nkibishyimbo bya Kawa (Indoneziya itanga ikawa nziza), ibiryo (ibiryo byaho cyangwa ibirango mpuzamahanga bishimwa nabanya Indoneziya), uburyo bwiza bwibiryo (organic / vegan / gluten-free). 4. Ubuzima & ubuzima bwiza: Icyerekezo cyita ku buzima kiragenda cyiyongera muri Indoneziya. Reba mu gutanga inyongeramusaruro (vitamine / imyunyu ngugu), ibikomoka ku bimera / karemano byita ku ruhu cyangwa kwisiga bifite imiti irinda UV bitewe n’ikirere gishyuha. 5. Imitako yo murugo: Kuringaniza igishushanyo cya none hamwe nuburanga gakondo bwa Indoneziya birashobora gushimisha abaguzi bashaka ibikoresho bidasanzwe byo munzu nkibikoresho byo mu nzu bikozwe mubikoresho byaho (ibiti / rattan / imigano) cyangwa ubukorikori / ibihangano byerekana umurage waho. 6. Ibicuruzwa byita kumuntu: Kwitunganya kugiti cyawe nikintu cyingenzi cyumuco wa Indoneziya; niyo mpamvu ibintu byita kumuntu nko kwita kuburuhu / kwiyuhagira / umubiri / ibicuruzwa byogosha umusatsi buri gihe birakenewe. 7.Ibicuruzwa biva mu buhinzi; Nkigihugu cyubuhinzi kizwiho ibinyabuzima bitandukanye & ubutaka burumbuka; ibishobora koherezwa mu mahanga agro-bicuruzwa birimo amavuta yintoki / imbuto zubushyuhe / cocoa / ikawa / ibirungo Wibuke ko ubushakashatsi bwisoko binyuze mubushakashatsi / amatsinda yibanze, kwiga imyitwarire yabaguzi baho, no kudoda ibicuruzwa kugirango uhuze uburyohe bwa Indoneziya nibyifuzo ni intambwe zingenzi muguhitamo neza ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bishyushye kumasoko ya Indoneziya. Byongeye kandi, kubaka umubano nabacuruzi baho cyangwa imiyoboro ya e-ubucuruzi bizagufasha kwinjira mumasoko ya Indoneziya.

Indoneziya ni igihugu kizwiho umurage gakondo n'umuco utandukanye. Gusobanukirwa ibiranga abakiriya na kirazira ni ngombwa kubucuruzi bukorera muri Indoneziya. Kimwe mu bintu biranga abakiriya ba Indoneziya ni agaciro kabo cyane ku mibanire yabo bwite. Abanya Indoneziya bashyira imbere kubaka ikizere no gushiraho umubano bwite mbere yo kwishora mubucuruzi. Ibi bivuze ko bishobora gufata igihe kugirango habeho ubwumvikane nabakiriya ba Indoneziya, kuko akenshi bahitamo gukora ubucuruzi nabantu bazi kandi bizeye. Ikindi kintu cyingenzi cyimyitwarire y'abaguzi bo muri Indoneziya ni icyifuzo cyabo cyo kuganira ku biciro. Guhahirana ni ibintu bisanzwe mu gihugu, cyane cyane iyo uguze ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi ku masoko cyangwa mu bucuruzi buciriritse. Abakiriya barashobora kwishora mubikorwa bya gicuti, bategereje kugabanuka cyangwa kongerwaho agaciro kugirango bemeze icyemezo cyubuguzi bwabo. Byongeye kandi, Indoneziya iha agaciro gukiza isura cyangwa kubungabunga izina ryayo. Kunegura umuntu kumugaragaro birashobora gutera isura kandi bikavamo umubano mubi mubucuruzi. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa ko ibigo bitanga ibitekerezo cyangwa ibitekerezo byubaka kandi byigenga aho kumugaragaro kugirango bakomeze umubano mwiza nabakiriya. Byongeye kandi, gusobanukirwa imigenzo gakondo birashobora gufasha kugendana kirazira mugihe ukora ubucuruzi muri Indoneziya. Kurugero, ni ngombwa kumenya ko gutanga impano ukoresheje ukuboko kwi bumoso cyangwa kwereka umuntu ukoresheje urutoki rwerekana ko ari ibikorwa bitiyubashye mu muco wa Indoneziya. Byongeye kandi, kwitonda mugihe muganira ku idini cyangwa ibibazo bya politiki ni ngombwa kuko izi ngingo zishobora kumvikana cyane kubantu bamwe na bamwe bo mu gihugu bitewe n’amadini atandukanye. Muri rusange, mu kwemeza akamaro k'umubano bwite, kwitabira imishyikirano, kubahiriza imigenzo yaho yerekeye uburyo bw'itumanaho, kwirinda ibimenyetso byihariye byerekana ko utiyubashye nko gutanga impano y'ibumoso cyangwa gutunga urutoki umuntu - ubucuruzi bushobora kugenda neza binyuze mubiranga abakiriya ba Indoneziya mu gihe cyo kubaka ubufatanye bugirira akamaro.

Indoneziya ifite gahunda y’imigenzo n’imicungire y’abinjira n’abinjira n'abasohoka mu gihugu. Iyo ugeze ku kibuga cy'indege cya Indoneziya, abagenzi basabwa kwerekana pasiporo zabo, viza (niba bishoboka), hamwe n'ikarita yuzuye yo guhaguruka / guhaguruka ikunze gutangwa mu ndege cyangwa kuboneka ukihagera. Abagenzi barashobora gukenera gutonda umurongo kumurongo w’abinjira kugirango bagenzure pasiporo, aho abapolisi bagenzura ibyangombwa byinzira na pasiporo. Ni ngombwa kubahiriza amabwiriza ya gasutamo iyo winjiye cyangwa uva muri Indoneziya. Aya mategeko akubiyemo imipaka kubintu nka alcool, ibicuruzwa by itabi, imiti idafite imiti, imbunda, ibiyobyabwenge, nibikoresho byerekana porunogarafiya. Byongeye kandi, amoko amwe yinyamanswa nubwoko bwibimera birashobora gusaba uruhushya rwihariye. Abagenzi bagomba gutangaza ibicuruzwa byose birenze imipaka itishyurwa cyangwa ibicuruzwa bibujijwe kuhagera. Kutabikora birashobora kuvamo ibihano cyangwa kwamburwa ibicuruzwa. Indoneziya kandi yubahiriza amategeko y’ibiyobyabwenge n’ibihano bikomeye ku byaha bifitanye isano n’ibiyobyabwenge birimo gutunga no gucuruza. Abagenzi bagomba kwitonda kugirango batwara ibintu bitemewe batabizi kuko aribo bashinzwe gutwara imizigo yabo. Kuzana amafaranga y'amahanga muri Indoneziya ntabwo bibujijwe; icyakora kuzana IDR (Indoneziya Rupiya) irenga miliyoni 100 bigomba gutangazwa ukihagera cyangwa ugenda. Ku bijyanye no gusuzuma ubuzima ku bibuga by’indege mu gihe cy’ibyorezo cyangwa icyorezo cy’indwara zandura harimo na COVID-19 - abagenzi bashobora gukenera kwisuzumisha ubushyuhe no kuzuza impapuro z’ubuzima bitewe n’ibihe biriho. Muri rusange, ni ngombwa ko abashyitsi bamenyera amabwiriza ya gasutamo ya Indoneziya mbere yo gukora ingendo babaza ambasade / konsuline zaho cyangwa kugenzura imbuga za leta. Gukurikiza aya mabwiriza bizatuma inzira yinjira / isohoka neza mugihe hubahirizwa amategeko ya Indoneziya hamwe n’umuco.

Indoneziya ni igihugu cy'ibirwa biherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, kizwiho umutungo kamere n'ubukungu byiyongera. Nk’umunyamuryango w’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi (WTO), Indoneziya yashyizeho politiki y’imisoro itumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo igenzure ibicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu. Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga byinjira muri Indoneziya muri rusange bitangirwa imisoro ku bicuruzwa, bibarwa hashingiwe ku gaciro ka gasutamo y'ibicuruzwa. Igipimo cy’amahoro yatumijwe mu mahanga kirashobora gutandukana bitewe nibintu bitandukanye nkubwoko bwibicuruzwa, inkomoko yabyo, n'amasezerano y'ubucuruzi akoreshwa. Guverinoma ya Indoneziya ihora ivugurura kandi igahindura ibyo biciro kugira ngo hagaragazwe imiterere y’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi. Usibye imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga, umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA) usoreshwa kandi ku bicuruzwa byinshi bitumizwa muri Indoneziya. Igipimo cy'umusoro ku nyongeragaciro kiri kuri 10% ariko gishobora guhinduka n'inzego za leta. Abatumiza mu mahanga basabwa kwishyura uyu musoro mbere yuko ibicuruzwa byabo bisobanurwa binyuze muri gasutamo. Ibyiciro bimwe byibicuruzwa bishobora kugira imisoro yihariye yashyizweho kuri bo usibye imisoro rusange yatumijwe mu mahanga na TVA. Kurugero, ibicuruzwa byiza cyangwa ibicuruzwa byangiza ibidukikije birashobora gukurura imisoro ihanitse cyangwa imisoro y’ibidukikije igamije guca intege ibyo bakoresha. Kugirango hamenyekane indangagaciro za gasutamo no koroshya ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bisuzumwa n'abakozi ba gasutamo ya Indoneziya bagenzura inyemezabuguzi cyangwa izindi nyandiko zibishinzwe zitangwa n'abinjira mu mahanga. Ni ngombwa kubacuruzi bashaka gukora ubucuruzi muri Indoneziya cyangwa kohereza ibicuruzwa byabo aho kugirango bamenyere hamwe na politiki yimisoro yatumijwe mbere. Kugisha inama abakozi ba gasutamo cyangwa abajyanama mu by'amategeko bafite ubumenyi mu mabwiriza ya gasutamo ya Indoneziya birashobora gufasha kubahiriza ibisabwa mu gihugu mu gihe byongera umusaruro mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Wibuke ko izi politiki zigomba guhinduka mugihe bitewe niterambere ryiterambere ryubucuruzi bwisi yose cyangwa ubukungu bwimbere mu gihugu; gukomeza rero kugezwaho n'amabwiriza ariho bizagirira akamaro ubucuruzi bwishora mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga na Indoneziya.

Politiki y’imisoro yoherezwa mu mahanga muri Indoneziya igamije kuzamura ubukungu no kurinda inganda zo mu gihugu. Igihugu cyashyize mu bikorwa imisoro n'amabwiriza atandukanye ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo icunge ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, biteze imbere umusaruro waho, kandi byinjiza amafaranga. Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigize politiki yo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Indoneziya ni ugushiraho imisoro ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe. Guverinoma yishyuza ibiciro bitandukanye ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye, bishobora kuba birimo ibikomoka ku buhinzi, amabuye y'agaciro, imyenda, n'ibicuruzwa byakozwe. Ibi biciro bishyirwaho hashingiwe ku bintu nkibisabwa ku isoko, guhatanwa n’inganda zo mu gihugu, hamwe n’intego rusange y’ubucuruzi muri Indoneziya. Byongeye kandi, Indoneziya yashyizeho ibihano byoherezwa mu mahanga cyangwa ibuza ibicuruzwa runaka mu rwego rwo gushyira imbere ibikenewe mu karere cyangwa kubungabunga umutungo kamere. Kurugero, amabuye y'agaciro nkamabuye ya nikel ashobora kugabanywa hagamijwe guteza imbere gutunganya ibicuruzwa mu gihugu. Izi ngamba zirashaka kongera agaciro no kongera amahirwe menshi yakazi kubanya Indoneziya. Byongeye kandi, Indoneziya itanga uburyo butandukanye bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze binyuze muri politiki y’imisoro. Abashora ibicuruzwa mu mahanga barashobora kwemererwa gusonerwa imisoro cyangwa kugabanywa ibiciro mu bihe byihariye byagaragajwe na guverinoma. Izi nkunga zigamije gushishikariza abashoramari kwishora mu bikorwa mpuzamahanga by’ubucuruzi mu gihe icyarimwe kuzamura ubushobozi bw’igihugu. Twabibutsa ko Indoneziya isuzuma buri gihe politiki y’imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo ihuze intego z’ubukungu n’imiterere y’isoko ku isi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abatumiza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba gukomeza kumenyeshwa impinduka iyo ari yo yose ku biciro by’imisoro cyangwa amabwiriza ajyanye n’umurenge wabo. Muri rusange, politiki y’imisoro ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Indoneziya iragaragaza uburyo bwitondewe bushakisha iterambere ry’ubukungu ndetse no kubungabunga umutungo mu gihe inganda zaho zidahiganwa mu mahanga bidakwiye.

Indoneziya ni igihugu giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya gifite ubukungu butandukanye, kandi inganda zohereza mu mahanga zigira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry'ubukungu. Igihugu cyashyize mu bikorwa ibyemezo byinshi byoherezwa mu mahanga kugira ngo harebwe ubuziranenge n'umutekano by'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Kimwe mu byemezo nyamukuru byoherezwa mu mahanga bikoreshwa muri Indoneziya ni Icyemezo cy'inkomoko (COO). Iyi nyandiko igenzura ko ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byakozwe, byakozwe, cyangwa bitunganyirizwa muri Indoneziya. Ifasha gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ibicuruzwa bya Indoneziya ku masoko mpuzamahanga. Ikindi cyemezo cyingenzi ni Icyemezo cya Halal. Kubera ko Indoneziya ifite umubare munini w’abayisilamu ku isi, iki cyemezo cyemeza ko ibiryo, ibinyobwa, imiti n’ibindi bicuruzwa byabaguzi byubahiriza amategeko agenga imirire ya kisilamu. Iremeza ko ibyo bicuruzwa bidafite ibintu byose bya haram (bibujijwe). Ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga nk'amavuta y'imikindo cyangwa ibishyimbo bya kakao, Indoneziya ikoresha icyemezo cy’ubuhinzi kirambye. Iki cyemezo cyerekana ko ibikomoka ku buhinzi byahinzwe ku buryo burambye nta kwangiza ibidukikije cyangwa guhonyora uburenganzira bw’abakozi. Usibye izi mpamyabumenyi zihariye ku nganda zitandukanye, hari n'impamyabumenyi rusange muri rusange nka ISO 9001: 2015 Icyemezo cyo gucunga neza ubuziranenge. Iki cyemezo cyemeza ko ibigo byashyize mubikorwa inzira nuburyo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa na serivisi byujuje ubuziranenge. Izi mpamyabumenyi zose zohereza mu mahanga zifasha ubucuruzi bwa Indoneziya kubaka ikizere hamwe n’abakiriya mpuzamahanga mu kubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho bikenewe. Bagira uruhare mu kuzamura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa muri Indoneziya ku isi hose mu gihe barengera ubuzima n’imibereho myiza y’abaguzi bakomeza ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa.

Indoneziya ni igihugu kinini kandi gitandukanye giherereye mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, kizwiho ibyiza nyaburanga, umuco ukungahaye, n'imigi irimo abantu benshi. Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho byo muri Indoneziya, hari ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi tugomba gusuzuma. Ubwa mbere, ubwikorezi bugira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo gutanga ibikoresho. Indoneziya itanga uburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara abantu nk'imihanda, gari ya moshi, inzira zo mu kirere, n'inzira zo mu nyanja. Umuhanda wumuhanda ni munini kandi wateye imbere mumijyi minini nka Jakarta na Surabaya, bigatuma byoroherezwa mu gihugu no kubikwirakwiza. Ariko, ubwinshi bwimodoka burashobora kuba ingorabahizi mugihe cyamasaha. Kubijyanye no gutwara intera ndende cyangwa ibicuruzwa byinshi byambukiranya ibirwa cyangwa uturere bitagerwaho byoroshye ninzira zubutaka, imizigo yo mu nyanja ni amahitamo meza. Hamwe n'ibirwa ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bigizwe n'igihugu cy'ibirwa bya Indoneziya, imirongo yo kohereza yizewe ihuza ibyambu bikomeye nka Tanjung Priok (Jakarta), Tanjung Perak (Surabaya), Belawan (Medan), na Makassar (Sulawesi y'Amajyepfo). Ku bijyanye na serivisi zitwara indege muri Indoneziya, ibibuga by’indege mpuzamahanga nka Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (Jakarta) n’ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Ngurah Rai (Bali) bitanga ibikoresho byiza byo gutwara imizigo bifitanye isano n’ahantu hatandukanye ku isi. Ibi bibuga byindege ni ihuriro ryindege zombi zitwara imizigo kimwe nindege zabigenewe. Ikindi kintu cyingenzi cyibikoresho ni ibikoresho byububiko. Mu mijyi minini nka Jakarta na Surabaya, hari ububiko bwinshi bufite ibikoresho bigezweho bigezweho kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa mu nganda zitandukanye. Ububiko butanga serivisi nka sisitemu yo gucunga ibarura, ahantu hagenzurwa nubushyuhe bwibicuruzwa byangirika cyangwa imiti, Kugirango habeho uburyo bwo gutumiza gasutamo neza ku byambu cyangwa ku bibuga by’indege bya Indoneziya iyo gutumiza mu mahanga cyangwa kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ku rwego mpuzamahanga bishyiraho umubano mwiza n’abakozi ba gasutamo bizewe bafite ubuhanga bwo kugendana ibicuruzwa byinjira / byohereza mu mahanga neza birashobora kugirira akamaro cyane ubucuruzi bwinjira mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Ubwanyuma ariko byingenzi gutanga urunigi kugaragara birashobora kunozwa ukoresheje urubuga rwa digitale nko gukurikirana software itanga amakuru nyayo mugihe cyimodoka hamwe nibicuruzwa. Amasosiyete menshi y’ibikoresho muri Indoneziya atanga serivisi nkizo, zemerera ubucuruzi koroshya ibikorwa no kunoza abakiriya. Mu gusoza, Indoneziya irerekana uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga ibikoresho hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gutwara abantu, ububiko bwuzuye bufite ibikoresho, uburyo bwiza bwo gukuraho gasutamo, hamwe n’ibisubizo byatanzwe n’ikoranabuhanga. Gukorana nabafatanyabikorwa baho bazwi cyane bumva neza isoko rya Indoneziya birashobora gufasha ubucuruzi gukemura ibibazo bishobora guterwa no gushinga ikirenge muri iki gihugu gifite ingufu mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya.

Ubucuruzi bwingenzi

Indoneziya, nk'ubukungu butuwe kandi buzamuka mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, butanga amahirwe akomeye ku baguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka kwishora mu nganda zitandukanye. Igihugu gifite imiyoboro minini n’amasoko mpuzamahanga atanga amasoko bifasha koroshya iterambere ry’ubucuruzi. Dore bimwe mubyingenzi: 1. Kwerekana ubucuruzi: a) Ubucuruzi Imurikagurisha Indoneziya (TEI): Ibirori ngarukamwaka byerekana ibicuruzwa na serivisi bya Indoneziya mu nzego zitandukanye, harimo ubuhinzi, inganda, inganda zihanga, n'ibindi. b) Gukora Indoneziya: Imurikagurisha rizwi cyane ryibanze ku mashini, ibikoresho, sisitemu y'ibikoresho, na serivisi zijyanye n'inganda. c) Ibiribwa & Hotel Indoneziya: Imurikagurisha riyobora inganda zikora ibiryo n'ibinyobwa zirimo abatanga ibicuruzwa byo mu karere ndetse n’amahanga. 2. Amahuriro mpuzamahanga yo guhuza imiyoboro: a) Iserukiramuco rya Bekraf: Ryateguwe n’ikigo gishinzwe guhanga ubukungu muri Indoneziya (Bekraf), iri serukiramuco ritanga urubuga rw’abahanga baturutse mu nzego zitandukanye kugira ngo bahuze n’abashobora kugura ku rwego mpuzamahanga. b) Gahunda yo guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga (PEN): PEN itegura ubutumwa bw’ubucuruzi n’inama z’abaguzi kugira ngo bateze imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga; byorohereza amahirwe yo guhuza hagati yohereza ibicuruzwa muri Indoneziya n'abaguzi mpuzamahanga. 3. Ihuriro rya e-ubucuruzi: a) Tokopedia: Nka rimwe mu masoko manini yo kuri interineti mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya, Tokopedia yemerera ubucuruzi kwagura abaguzi binyuze ku mbuga za interineti. b) Lazada: Urundi rubuga ruzwi cyane rwa e-ubucuruzi ruhuza ubucuruzi na miriyoni zishobora kuba abakiriya muri Indoneziya. c) Bukalapak: Isoko rishya rya interineti rifasha abagurisha baturutse impande zose za Indoneziya kugera kubaguzi ndetse no ku isi yose. 4. Ibikorwa bya Guverinoma: Guverinoma ya Indoneziya igira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere amasoko mpuzamahanga ishyira mu bikorwa politiki nko gutanga imisoro cyangwa korohereza uduce twihariye tw’ubukungu aho amasosiyete y’amahanga ashobora gushinga ibikorwa neza. 5. Imiyoboro yihariye yinganda: Indoneziya ikungahaye ku mutungo kamere nk'amavuta y'imikindo, reberi, n'amakara; niyo mpamvu ikurura abaguzi mpuzamahanga bashaka ibyo bicuruzwa binyuze mubiganiro bitaziguye cyangwa kwitabira imurikagurisha ryihariye ryibicuruzwa. Twabibutsa ko kubera icyorezo cya COVID-19, ibintu byinshi n’imurikagurisha byahagaritswe cyangwa byimuriwe ku mbuga za interineti. Ariko, uko ibintu bimeze, imurikagurisha ryitezwe ko rizakomeza buhoro buhoro. Muri make, Indoneziya itanga inzira zitandukanye zingenzi zo gutanga amasoko n’imurikagurisha bikora nk'urubuga rwo guhuza abaguzi mpuzamahanga n'abagurisha Indoneziya mu nganda zitandukanye. Aya mahirwe afasha guteza imbere ubucuruzi no kwagura isoko muri kimwe mubukungu byizewe muri Aziya yepfo yepfo.

Imashini zishakisha

Indoneziya, kuba kimwe mu bihugu binini byo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, ifite moteri nyinshi zo gushakisha zizwi cyane zikoreshwa n'abaturage bayo. Dore zimwe muri moteri zishakisha zikoreshwa cyane muri Indoneziya hamwe na URL zabo: 1. Google - Nta gushidikanya moteri ishakisha izwi cyane ku isi, Google nayo ikoreshwa cyane muri Indoneziya. URL yayo kubakoresha Indoneziya ni www.google.co.id. 2. Yahoo - Yahoo Shakisha nubundi moteri ikoreshwa mubushakashatsi muri Indoneziya, itanga serivisi zitandukanye nububiko bwagutse bwurubuga. URL yayo kubakoresha Indoneziya ni www.yahoo.co.id. 3. Bing - Yatejwe imbere na Microsoft, Bing itanga serivisi zishakisha kurubuga nibindi bikoresho nko gushakisha amashusho no gushakisha amashusho. URL kubakoresha Indoneziya ni www.bing.com/?cc=id. 4. DuckDuckGo - Azwiho politiki yo kurinda ubuzima bwite n'ibisubizo bitari umuntu ku giti cye, DuckDuckGo yamenyekanye cyane mu bantu bazi ubuzima bwite muri Indoneziya. URL kubakoresha Indoneziya ni duckduckgo.com/?q=. 5. Ecosia - Ni moteri ishakisha ibidukikije yangiza ibidukikije ikoresha amafaranga yinjiza mu gutera ibiti kwisi yose hamwe nubushakashatsi bwakorewe kumurongo bwakozwe binyuze muri serivisi zabwo. URL yo kugera muri Ecosia kuva Indoneziya ni www.ecosia.org/. 6. Ishakisha rya Kaskus (KSE) - Ihuriro rya Kaskus, umwe mu baturage bayoboye interineti muri Indoneziya, ritanga moteri ishakisha yihariye igamije gushakisha ibikubiye mu biganiro byabo gusa. Urashobora kuyigeraho kuri kask.us/searchengine/. 7. GoodSearch Indoneziya - Bisa nigitekerezo cya Ecosia ariko hamwe nimpamvu zinyuranye zita kubuntu zishyigikiwe, GoodSearch itanga igice cyamafaranga yinjiza yamamaza mubikorwa bitandukanye byatoranijwe nabakoresha mugihe bashakisha kurubuga rwabo kuva indoneziya.goodsearch.com. Mugihe izi ari zimwe muri moteri zikoreshwa mubushakashatsi bukunze gukoreshwa muri Indoneziya, birakwiye ko tumenya ko Google yiganje ku isoko cyane kubera indangagaciro zuzuye hamwe nubunararibonye bwabakoresha.

Impapuro nini z'umuhondo

Indoneziya, igihugu gitandukanye kandi gifite imbaraga mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya, gitanga serivisi zitandukanye binyuze mu bubiko bw’impapuro z'umuhondo. Dore amwe mumapaji yingenzi yumuhondo muri Indoneziya: 1. UmuhondoPages.co.id: Uru ni urubuga rwemewe rwa page yumuhondo Indoneziya. Itanga urutonde rwubucuruzi rwuzuye hamwe namakuru yamakuru mu nganda n’uturere dutandukanye mu gihugu. Urubuga: https://www.yellowpages.co.id/ 2. Indoneziya.Urupapuro-Ph.net: Ubu bubiko bwa interineti butanga urutonde runini rwubucuruzi, harimo amaduka yaho, resitora, amahoteri, ibitaro, nibindi byinshi mumijyi itandukanye yo muri Indoneziya. 3. Whitepages.co.id: Urupapuro rwera Indoneziya itanga imibare ishakishwa ya nimero ya terefone kubantu nubucuruzi mugihugu hose. 4. Bizdirectoryindonesia.com: Biz Directory Indoneziya nubuyobozi bwa interineti buhuza abakoresha n’amasosiyete yo mu nzego zinyuranye nko gucuruza, imari, ikoranabuhanga, ubuvuzi, uburezi, nibindi byinshi. 5. DuniaProperti123.com: Uru rupapuro rwumuhondo rwibanda cyane cyane kurutonde rwamazu muri Indoneziya. Abakoresha barashobora gushakisha amazu, amazu cyangwa amazu yubucuruzi aboneka kugurisha cyangwa gukodeshwa. 6. Indopages.net: Indopage ikora nk'urubuga aho ubucuruzi bushobora kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi kubakiriya bashobora kuba mu turere dutandukanye twa Indoneziya. 7. Jasa.com/en/: Jasa ni isoko rya interineti rihuza abatanga serivise nabakiriya bashaka serivisi zumwuga nko gusana amazi, gufata amafunguro ya serivise nibindi, hirya no hino mu birwa bya Indoneziya Izi mbuga nisoko yingirakamaro mugihe ushakisha ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi byihariye kumasoko manini ya Indoneziya cyangwa mugihe ushakisha amakuru arambuye yubucuruzi bukorera kumupaka wigihugu.

Ihuriro rikuru ryubucuruzi

Muri Indoneziya, hari urubuga rukomeye rwa e-ubucuruzi rwita ku isoko ryo guhaha kuri interineti rigenda ryiyongera. Dore bimwe mubyingenzi hamwe nurubuga rwabo URL: 1. Tokopedia - Yashinzwe mu 2009, Tokopedia ni rimwe mu masoko manini yo muri Indoneziya. Itanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kuva kumyambarire kugeza kuri elegitoroniki kandi byabaye amahitamo akunzwe kubagurisha n'abaguzi. Urubuga: www.tokopedia.com 2. Umuguzi - Yatangijwe muri 2015, Umucuruzi yahise amenyekana cyane nkisoko rishingiye kuri terefone igendanwa ritanga ibicuruzwa byinshi kubiciro byapiganwa. Itanga kandi ibintu byoroshye nkuburyo bwo kwishyura bwizewe no kohereza kubuntu kubintu bimwe. Urubuga: www.shopee.co.id 3. Lazada - Yatangiye mu mwaka wa 2012, Lazada ni imwe mu mbuga za interineti zikoresha ubucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya zaguzwe na Alibaba Group mu 2016. Itanga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imideri, ubwiza, n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo biva mu bicuruzwa bitandukanye ndetse n'abacuruzi bo muri Indoneziya. Urubuga: www.lazada.co.id 4 kurubuga rwayo. Urubuga: www.bukalapak.com 5 ibirango. Urubuga: www.blibli.com 6- JD.ID - Umushinga uhuriweho na JD.com na Digital Artha Media Group (DAMG), JD.ID ni umwe mubagize sosiyete izwi cyane yo mu Bushinwa JD.com yibanda ku guha abakiriya bayo muri Indoneziya ibicuruzwa byinshi kandi serivisi zizewe. Urubuga: www.jd.id Izi ni ingero nke gusa za e-ubucuruzi bukomeye bwa e-ubucuruzi bukorera muri Indoneziya. Buri rubuga rutanga ibintu bitandukanye, inyungu, nubwoko butandukanye bwibicuruzwa kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo bitandukanye by’abaguzi ba Indoneziya ku isoko rya e-ubucuruzi ryateye imbere.

Imbuga nkoranyambaga

Indoneziya, ikaba igihugu cya kane gituwe cyane ku isi, gifite imbuga nkoranyambaga zifite imbuga zitandukanye zita ku byo dukeneye kandi bikunda. Hano hari imbuga nkoranyambaga zizwi cyane muri Indoneziya hamwe n'imbuga zabo: 1. Facebook (https://www.facebook.com): Facebook ikoreshwa cyane muri Indoneziya mu guhuza abantu ku giti cyabo, gusangira ibishya, no guhuza inshuti n'umuryango. 2. Instagram (https://www.instagram.com): Instagram irazwi cyane mubakoresha Indoneziya, cyane cyane gusangira amafoto na videwo. Ikora kandi nk'urubuga rwabaterankunga nubucuruzi kugirango bagere kubo bateze amatwi. 3. Twitter (https: 4. Youtube (https: 5. TikTok (https://www.tiktok.com): TikTok yamenyekanye cyane muri Indoneziya kubera amashusho yayo magufi yemerera abakoresha kwerekana ibihangano byabo binyuze mu mbyino, ibitaramo byo guhuza iminwa cyangwa skike zisekeje. 6. LinkedIn (https://www. 7. Umurongo (http://line.me/en/): Umurongo ni porogaramu yohererezanya ubutumwa ikoreshwa cyane nabanya Indoneziya mu itumanaho binyuze mu butumwa bugufi, guhamagara amajwi kimwe no gusangira ibintu byinshi bikoresha interineti nk'amafoto na videwo. 8. WhatsApp (https://www.whatsapp.com/): WhatsApp ikomeje kuba imwe muri porogaramu zikoreshwa cyane mu butumwa muri Indoneziya kubera ubworoherane no koroshya imikoreshereze y'itumanaho bwite hagati y'abantu cyangwa amatsinda. 9. WeChat: Mugihe gikunzwe cyane mubashinwa muri Indoneziya kubera inkomoko yabashinwa; WeChat irabona kandi imikoreshereze irenze iyi demokarasi kubutumwa, serivisi zo kwishyura, hamwe nimbuga rusange. 10. Gojek (https: Izi ni ingero nke gusa zimbuga nkoranyambaga muri Indoneziya. Hariho izindi nyinshi zita kubintu byihariye cyangwa inyungu mumasoko ya Indoneziya.

Amashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda

Indoneziya, hamwe n’ubukungu butandukanye, ifite amashyirahamwe menshi y’inganda ahagarariye inzego zitandukanye kandi agira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’igihugu. Dore amwe mumashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Indoneziya hamwe nurubuga rwabo: 1. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Indoneziya (KADIN Indoneziya) - http://kadin-indonesia.or.id Umuryango wubucuruzi wubahwa uhagarariye inganda zitandukanye muri Indoneziya. 2. Ishyirahamwe ryabakoresha muri Indoneziya (Apindo) - https://www.apindo.or.id Yerekana abakoresha mu nzego zitandukanye, baharanira politiki ijyanye n'umurimo. 3. Ishyirahamwe ryamavuta yintoki ya Indoneziya (GAPKI) - https://gapki.id Ihuriro riteza imbere inyungu zamasosiyete yamavuta yintoki kandi rikagira uruhare mubikorwa byiterambere birambye. 4. Ishyirahamwe ry’amabuye y'agaciro muri Indoneziya (IMA) - http://www.mindonesia.org/ Yerekana amasosiyete acukura amabuye y'agaciro muri Indoneziya kandi agamije guteza imbere ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. 5. Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga muri Indoneziya (Gaikindo) - https://www.gaikindo.or.id Gushyigikira no guteza imbere urwego rwimodoka rwaho harimo abakora ibinyabiziga, abatumiza mu mahanga, nabatanga ibicuruzwa. 6. Ishyirahamwe ryibihugu bitanga umusaruro wa reberi (ANRPC) - https://www.anrpc.org/ Ihuriro rikorana hagati y’ibihugu bitanga reberi ku isi yose harimo na Indoneziya yo gusangira ubushishozi n’isoko hamwe n’ubuhinzi burambye. 7. Ishyirahamwe ryibiribwa n'ibinyobwa muri Indoneziya (GAPMMI) - https://gapmmi.org/english.html Itanga ubufasha mu nganda z’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa byemeza imikorere myiza yubucuruzi mugihe uzamura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. 8. Ishyirahamwe ryimyenda yo muri Indoneziya (API / ASOSIASI PERTEKSTILAN INDONESIA) http://asosiasipertekstilanindonesia.com/ Guteza imbere ubufatanye hagati yamasosiyete yimyenda hagamijwe gushimangira irushanwa kurwego rwigihugu ndetse no kwisi yose. Nyamuneka menya ko izi ari ingero nkeya zamashyirahamwe akomeye yinganda muri Indoneziya, ariko hariho andi mashyirahamwe menshi yita ku nzego zihariye nkubukerarugendo, ikoranabuhanga, ingufu, nibindi byinshi.

Urubuga rwubucuruzi nubucuruzi

Hano muri Indoneziya hari imbuga nyinshi zubukungu nubucuruzi zitanga amakuru numutungo kubucuruzi nabashoramari. Dore urutonde rwa bamwe bakomeye hamwe na aderesi zabo kurubuga: 1. Ishoramari rya Indoneziya: Uru rubuga rutanga ubumenyi ku isoko rya Indoneziya, amahirwe yo gushora imari, amategeko, amabwiriza, nandi makuru afatika. Urubuga: www.indonesia-ishoramari.com 2. Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi Repubulika ya Indoneziya: Urubuga rwemewe rwa Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi rutanga amakuru kuri politiki y’ubucuruzi, amabwiriza, amahirwe yo gushora imari, hamwe n’imibare yoherezwa mu mahanga. Urubuga: www.kemendag.go.id 3. BKPM - Akanama gashinzwe guhuza ishoramari: Urubuga rw’ikigo cya leta rutanga amakuru kuri politiki y’ishoramari, uburyo bwo gushinga isosiyete muri Indoneziya (harimo n’ishoramari ry’amahanga), ndetse n’amakuru ajyanye n’inzego zishobora gushora imari. Urubuga: www.bkpm.go.id 4. Urugaga rw’ubucuruzi n’inganda muri Indoneziya (KADIN): Urubuga rwa KADIN rutanga amakuru y’ubucuruzi, raporo z’inganda, ikirangaminsi cy’ubucuruzi, ububiko bw’ubucuruzi muri serivisi zitandukanye zihabwa ba rwiyemezamirimo. Urubuga: www.kadin-indonesia.or.id/en/ 5. Banki ya Indoneziya (BI): Urubuga rwa banki nkuru rutanga ibipimo byubukungu nkigipimo cy’ifaranga, ibyemezo bya politiki y’inyungu na BI hamwe na raporo y’ubukungu. Urubuga: www.bi.go.id/en/ 6. Eximbank yo muri Indoneziya (LPEI): LPEI iteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga binyuze muri serivisi zinyuranye z’imari zitangwa ku bohereza ibicuruzwa hanze binyuze kuri uru rubuga hamwe n’ubushishozi bw’isoko. Urubuga: www.lpei.co.id/eng/ 7. Attaché y'Ubucuruzi - Ambasade ya Repubulika ya Indoneziya i Londres: Igice cy’ubucuruzi cya ambasade kigamije guteza imbere umubano w’ubukungu hagati ya Indoneziya n’amasoko y’Ubwongereza / Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bitanga amakuru y’isoko ry’agaciro & amakuru ahuza amakuru mu yandi makuru ajyanye n’aho akunda ushobora kuvugana n’igice gikwiye. Ihuza ryurubuga rwatanzwe hano: https://indonesianembassy.org.uk/?lang=en# Nyamuneka menya ko izi mbuga zitanga amakuru yizewe kandi agezweho kubintu bitandukanye byubukungu nubucuruzi muri Indoneziya. Buri gihe birasabwa kugenzura amakuru no kugisha inama inzego zibishinzwe mbere yo gufata ibyemezo byubucuruzi.

Ubucuruzi bwibibazo byurubuga

Hariho amakuru menshi yubucuruzi yibibazo biboneka kuri Indoneziya. Dore urutonde rwa bamwe muribo hamwe na aderesi zabo kurubuga: 1. Ibarurishamibare mu bucuruzi muri Indoneziya (BPS-Ibarurishamibare Indoneziya): Uru rubuga rwemewe rutanga imibare y’ubucuruzi yuzuye muri Indoneziya, harimo amakuru yatumijwe mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Urashobora kwinjira kururu rubuga kuri www.bps.go.id. 2. Gasutamo na gasutamo ya Indoneziya (Bea Cukai): Ishami rya gasutamo n’imisoro muri Indoneziya ritanga imiyoboro y’ubucuruzi yemerera abakoresha gushakisha imibare itumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, amahoro, amabwiriza, n’andi makuru ajyanye na gasutamo. Sura urubuga rwabo kuri www.beacukai.go.id. 3. TradeMap: Uru rubuga rutanga imibare irambuye y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, harimo ibyoherezwa mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n’igihugu. Urashobora gushakisha byumwihariko amakuru yubucuruzi bwa Indoneziya kurubuga rwabo kuri www.trademap.org. 4. Umuryango w’umuryango w’abibumbye: Ububikoshingiro bw’ibicuruzwa by’umuryango w’abibumbye bitanga amakuru ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga-byoherezwa mu mahanga bishingiye kuri kode ya HS (Harmonized System code). Abakoresha barashobora kubona amakuru yubucuruzi bwa Indoneziya bahitamo igihugu cyangwa icyiciro cyibicuruzwa munsi ya "Data" kurubuga rwabo: comtrade.un.org/data/. 5. GlobalTrade.net: Uru rubuga ruhuza ubucuruzi ninzobere mu nganda ku isi kandi runatanga uburyo butandukanye, harimo imibare y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga mu bihugu byinshi nka Indoneziya. Ububiko bwabo bwuzuye murashobora kubisanga kuri www.globaltrade.net/m/c/Indonesia.html. 6 IMF; urashobora gusura page yabo yihariye amakuru yubucuruzi bwa Indoneziya kuri tradeeconomics.com/indonesia/ibicuruzwa. Izi mbuga zitanga isoko yizewe yamakuru mugihe cyo kubona amakuru agezweho kubyerekeye ibikorwa byo gutumiza no kohereza hanze muri Indoneziya neza.

B2b

Muri Indoneziya, hari urubuga rwa B2B rukora nk'isoko ryo kumurongo rihuza ubucuruzi no koroshya ubucuruzi. Izi porogaramu zifasha ibigo gushakisha, kugura, no kugurisha ibicuruzwa na serivisi neza. 1. Indotrading.com: Isoko rya B2B ryambere muri Indoneziya ryita ku nganda zitandukanye zirimo inganda, ubuhinzi, nubwubatsi. Iyemerera abaguzi n’abagurisha guhuza mu buryo butaziguye kandi itanga ibiranga urutonde rwibicuruzwa, RFQs (Gusaba Quotations), nibikoresho byo kugereranya ibicuruzwa. Urubuga: https://www.indotrading.com/ 2. Bizzy.co.id: Urubuga rwa e-amasoko rugamije imishinga mito n'iciriritse (Ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse). Itanga ibicuruzwa byinshi mubucuruzi nkibikoresho byo mu biro, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, nibindi, bihujwe nibintu byorohereza abakoresha nko gukanda rimwe. Urubuga: https://www.bizzy.co.id/id 3. Ralali.com: Uru rubuga rwibanda ku gutanga ibikenerwa mu nganda rutanga ibicuruzwa byinshi nk'ibikoresho by'imashini, ibikoresho by'umutekano, imiti, n'ibindi, bitangwa n'ababitanga bizewe. Itanga kandi uburyo bwinshi bwo kwishyura kugirango byorohe. Urubuga: https://www.ralali.com/ 4. Ubucuruzi bwubukwe (bwahoze bwitwa Umuyoboro wa buri munsi wumugore): Ihuriro B2B ryagenewe inganda zubukwe muri Indoneziya. Ihuza abacuruzi batanga serivisi zijyanye nubukwe nkibibuga, serivisi zokurya, abafotora / bafata amashusho kubashakanye bategura ubukwe bwabo. Urubuga: https://business.bridestory.com/ 5 Urubuga: http://mvm.moratelindo.co.id/login.do Ni ngombwa kumenya ko hashobora kuba hari izindi mbuga za B2B ziboneka muri Indoneziya zitavuzwe hano kubera ubwinshi bw’imiterere ya interineti cyangwa iterambere ry’isoko ryihuta mu bidukikije by’igihugu. Nyamuneka wemeze gusura imbuga zibishinzwe kugirango ubone ibisobanuro birambuye, kwiyandikisha, amategeko n'amabwiriza, kimwe no kugenzura niba bikwiranye n'ibisabwa ku giti cyawe cyangwa mu bucuruzi.