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I-Indonesia iyizwe elihlukahlukene nelinempilo elitholakala eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Njengoba inabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-270, iyizwe lesine elinabantu abaningi emhlabeni. Isizwe sakhiwe izinkulungwane zeziqhingi, kanti i-Java iyona enabantu abaningi. I-Indonesia inamagugu acebile amasiko athonywa izinhlanga ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa amaJavanese, amaSundanese, amaMalay, amaBalinese, nezinye eziningi. Lokhu kwehluka kungabonakala ekuphekeni kwayo, ubuciko bendabuko nemisebenzi yezandla, umculo, izinhlobo zokudansa ezifana ne-Gamelan ne-Wayang Kulit (i-puppetry yethunzi), kanye nemikhuba yezenkolo. Ulimi olusemthethweni lwase-Indonesia isi-Bahasa Indonesia kodwa izilimi zasendaweni nazo zikhulunywa kulo lonke leli qoqo leziqhingi. Iningi labantu base-Indonesia liqhuba inkolo yamaSulumane njengenkolo yalo; Nokho, kukhona futhi imiphakathi ebalulekile enamathela ebuKristwini, eHinduism, eBuddhism noma kwezinye izinkolelo zomdabu. Mayelana nezwe nezinsiza zemvelo, i-Indonesia inezindawo ezinhle ezinjengamahlathi emvula asukela eSumatra kuya ePapua. Kuyikhaya lezinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala njengama-orangutan namadragoni e-Komodo. Umhlabathi ovundile usekela ezolimo okuhlanganisa ukutshalwa kwerayisi okudlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni kanye nezimboni ezifana nezindwangu zokukhiqiza, izingxenye zezimoto, izinto zikagesi njll. Ezokuvakasha sezibaluleke kakhulu emnothweni wase-Indonesia ngenxa yamabhishi amangalisayo afana nolwandle lwase-Bali's Kuta noma i-Lombok's Gili Islands enikeza amathuba okuntweza noma abathanda ukutshuza emanzini. Izinto eziheha amasiko njengeBorobudur Temple/Prambanan Temple ziheha izivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke unyaka nonyaka. Uhulumeni usebenza ngaphansi kohlelo lwentando yeningi nomongameli okhethiwe osebenza njengenhloko yezwe kanye nohulumeni. Kodwa-ke ukuhlukaniswa kwezifunda kuvumela ukuzimela kwezifunda ezifundazweni ezibuswa ngabaPhathi kanti uhulumeni omkhulu wengamele izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke. Nakuba i-Indonesia iqhubeka nokubhekana nezinselele ezifana nezinga lobumpofu nokukhathazeka kokugawulwa kwamahlathi ngenxa yentuthuko esheshayo; ihlala iyindawo ekhangayo yabahambi abafuna uhambo oluhambisana nolwazi lwamasiko olunikeza amathuba angapheli okuhlola kubantu bendawo nabangaphandle ngokufanayo!

I-Indonesia iyizwe elihlukahlukene nelinempilo elitholakala eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Imali esemthethweni yase-Indonesia yi-Indonesian Rupiah (IDR). I-IDR ichazwa wuphawu oluthi "Rp" futhi iza ngamahlelo ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinhlamvu zemali namaphepha. Ibhange elimaphakathi lase-Indonesia, iBhange lase-Indonesia, linesibopho sokukhishwa nokulawulwa kohlobo lwemali. Njengamanje, ama-banknotes e-IDR atholakala kumahlelo ka-1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000, 20,000, 50,000, kanye nama-rupiah angu-100,000. Izinhlamvu zemali zitholakala ngamahlelo we-Rp100, I-Rp200, kanye ne-Rp500. Njenganoma yiluphi uhlelo lwemali emhlabeni jikelele, izinga lokushintshisana phakathi kwe-IDR nezinye izinhlobo zezimali liyahlukahluka kuye ngezici ezifana nezimo zezomnotho namandla emakethe. Ngokuvamile kuyalulekwa ukuthi uhlole izilinganiso zansuku zonke ngaphambi kokushintshanisa noma ukusebenzisa izimali zakwamanye amazwe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abathengisi basemgwaqweni abancane noma izitolo zasendaweni zingamukela kuphela ukuthengiselana ngemali e-Indonesia. Nokho, izikhungo ezinkulu ezifana namahhotela noma izindawo zokudlela zivame ukwamukela amakhadi esikweletu njengendlela yokukhokha. Ukutholakala kwama-ATM nakho kunikeza ukufinyelela okulula emalini yendawo ezivakashini. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthengiselana okushelelayo ngenkathi uzulazula e-Indonesia, kuyanconywa ukuthi ube nengxube yemali kanye namakhadi esikweletu/edebhithi. Njenganoma yiliphi izwe langaphandle, kuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba uqaphe ngemali yomgunyathi noma ukukhwabanisa. Ukuze ugweme lobu bungozi, kungcono ukushintshana ngemali emabhange agunyaziwe noma ezindaweni zokushintshiselana zemali ezinedumela elihle. Kafushane, i-Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) wuhlobo lwemali olusemthethweni olusetshenziswa e-Indonesia. Izinga lalo elishintshashintshayo livumela abavakashi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuba bajabulele izimpahla namasevisi ahlukahlukene phakathi nesikhathi sabo sonke sokuhlala kwabo. Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka amanani esikhathi sangempela uma ushintsha imali, futhi ugcine ibhalansi. phakathi kokheshi nezinkokhelo ezisuselwe ekhadini kuye ngokuncamelayo.Lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha zizosiza ekuqinisekiseni ulwazi olujabulisayo lokuzulazula ezinkokhelweni zemali ngaphakathi kwezwe leziqhingi ezinhle.

Imali esemthethweni yase-Indonesia yi-Indonesian Rupiah (IDR). Amazinga okushintshanisa alinganiselwe uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zemali zomhlaba ezinkulu ami kanje (kusukela ngoSepthemba 2021): 1 USD = 14,221 IDR 1 EUR = 16,730 IDR 1 GBP = 19,486 IDR 1 CAD = 11,220 IDR I-AUD engu-1 = 10,450 IDR Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amanani okushintshanisa ashintshashintsha njalo futhi angahluka kuye ngezinto ezihlukahlukene njengezimo zemakethe nokuthuthuka komnotho. Kuhlale kuhle ukuthi uhlole umthombo onokwethenjelwa noma isikhungo sezezimali ukuze uthole amanani okushintshanisa akamuva kakhulu.

I-Indonesia, njengezwe elihlukahlukene elinamagugu amasiko acebile, igubha imikhosi eminingana ebalulekile unyaka wonke. Nansi eminye yemikhosi ebalulekile egujwa e-Indonesia: 1. Usuku Lokuzimela (ngomhla ziyi-17 ku-August): Leli holide likazwelonke likhumbula inkululeko ye-Indonesia ngaphansi kombuso wamakoloni wamaDashi ngo-1945. Wusuku lokuziqhenya nokushisekela izwe, oluphawulwa ngemikhosi yokuphakanyiswa kwefulegi, ama-parade, nemicimbi eyahlukahlukene yamasiko. 2. I-Eid al-Fitr: Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Hari Raya Idul Fitri noma i-Lebaran, lo mkhosi uphawula ukuphela kweRamadan - inyanga engcwele yamaSulumane yokuzila ukudla. Imindeni iyahlangana ukuze igubhe ndawonye futhi icele uxolo komunye nomunye. Kuhlanganisa nemithandazo ekhethekile kuma-mosque, ukuzitika ngezibiliboco zendabuko ezifana ne-ketupat kanye ne-rendang, ukunikeza izingane izipho (ezaziwa ngokuthi "uang lebaran"), kanye nezihlobo ezivakashelayo. 3. I-Nyepi: Ebizwa nangokuthi uSuku Lokuthula noma uNyaka Omusha Wase-Balinese, iNyepi ingumkhosi oyingqayizivele ogujwa kakhulu e-Bali. Usuku olunikezelwe ekuzicabangeni nasekuzindleni lapho ukuthula kubusa kuso sonke isiqhingi amahora angama-24 (azikho izibani noma umsindo omkhulu). Abantu bayakugwema ukusebenza noma ukuzilibazisa njengoba begxile ekuhlanzeni ngokomoya ngokuzila ukudla nangokuthandaza. 4. UGalungan: Lo mkhosi wamaHindu ugubha okuhle phezu kokubi ngokuhlonipha imimoya yokhokho evakashela eMhlabeni ngalesi sikhathi esimnandi esenzeka njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-210 ngokwesimiso sekhalenda lesi-Balinese. Izigxobo ze-bamboo ezihlobisayo (penjor) imigwaqo yomugqa ehlotshiswe ngemihlobiso enemibala eyenziwe ngamahlamvu esundu ebizwa ngokuthi "janur." Iminikelo yenziwa emathempelini kuyilapho imindeni ihlangana ndawonye ukuze yenze amadili akhethekile. 5. Unyaka Omusha WamaShayina: Ugujwa imiphakathi yama-Indonesian-Chinese ezweni lonke, uNyaka Omusha WamaShayina ukhombisa imidanso kadrako ogqamile, iziqhumane ze-zith , izibani ezibomvu, nemidanso yebhubesi yesintu. Le mikhosi ihlanganisa ukuvakashelana kwamalungu omndeni ukuze kudliwe ukudla okukhulu, ukwenza imithandazo emathempelini , ukushintshisana ngezimvilophu ezibomvu eziqukethe imali(Liu-see) ukuze uthole inhlanhla, nokubuka imijaho yezikebhe zikadrako. Le mikhosi imele amasiko ahlukene e-Indonesia, ehlanganisa abantu ndawonye ukuze bagubhe amagugu abo futhi ikhuthaze ubunye ezweni. Zibonisa ingxubevange yesizwe yamasiko, izinkolelo namasiko.

I-Indonesia, eseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ingumnotho omkhulu esifundeni onemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yohwebo. Izwe liye lakhula kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe eminyakeni edlule. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Indonesia okuyinhloko kufaka phakathi izinto ezinjengamafutha amaminerali, uwoyela, nemikhiqizo yokukhishwa kwe-distillation. Lezi zinto zenza ingxenye enkulu yesamba sayo esithunyelwa ngaphandle. Ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zihlanganisa imikhiqizo yezolimo efana nerabha, amafutha esundu, nekhofi. Mayelana nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, i-Indonesia ingenisa ngokuyinhloko imishini nemishini yezimboni ezifana nezokukhiqiza nezimayini. Iphinde ingenise amakhemikhali nezinto zokubasa ukuze isekele izidingo zayo zasekhaya. I-China inguzakwethu omkhulu wezohwebo wase-Indonesia, ebalwa ingxenye enkulu yesamba sayo sohwebo esiphelele. Abanye abalingani abakhulu bokuhweba bahlanganisa iJapan, Singapore, India, South Korea, kanye ne-United States. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Indonesia iyingxenye yezivumelwano zomnotho zesifunda ezimbalwa ezisize ukwanda kwezohwebo. Iyilungu le-ASEAN (Inhlangano Yezizwe EziseNingizimu-mpumalanga Ye-Asia), ethuthukisa ukuhlanganiswa kwesifunda ngokunciphisa noma ukuqedwa kwezintela ezimpahleni ezihwebelana ngaphakathi kwamazwe angamalungu. Isizwe siphinde sangena ezivumelwaneni ezihlukene zokuhwebelana ngokukhululeka kwamazwe amabili (ama-FTA) namazwe ahlanganisa i-Australia ne-Japan ukuze kukhuliswe amathuba ebhizinisi ngokufinyelela kwezimakethe okuthuthukisiwe. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi naphezu kwemisebenzi yayo yokuhweba enamandla namuhla; I-Indonesia ibhekene nezinselelo ezinjengokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zengqalasizinda ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuxhumana phakathi kwezifunda ezingaphakathi kwezwe nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zezokuthutha ukuze kuqiniswe kokubili izinqubo zokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ezweni kanye nakwamanye amazwe.

I-Indonesia, njengomnotho omkhulu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kanye nenye yezimakethe ezisafufusa emhlabeni, inamandla amakhulu okwandisa imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Kunezici ezimbalwa ezinomthelela kumbono othembisayo wase-Indonesia mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwezohwebo. Okokuqala, i-Indonesia inenani labantu elinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-270. Lesi sisekelo sabathengi esikhulu sinikeza amathuba amakhulu kumabhizinisi afuna ukungena emakethe yase-Indonesia noma andise ubukhona bawo obukhona. Ukwengeza, lesi sibalo esikhulayo sinikeza amandla okwanda kokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kanye nesidingo sempahla evela kwamanye amazwe. Okwesibili, i-Indonesia inemithombo yemvelo eningi, okuhlanganisa amaminerali nemikhiqizo yezolimo. Uhlu lwayo oluhlukahlukene lwempahla luyibeka njengendawo enokwethenjelwa yokuthola izinto ezingavuthiwe ezidingwa amanye amazwe. Lokhu kunikezwa kwezinsiza ezibalulekile kunikeza amathuba amaningi ukuze izimboni ezigxile ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe ziphumelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengezwe leziqhingi elihlanganisa iziqhingi ezingaphezu kuka-17,000, i-Indonesia inezinsiza eziningi zasolwandle namandla emikhakheni efana nezokudoba kanye nezasemanzini. Le mikhakha ingaphinde ibe neqhaza kukho kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni wase-Indonesia usesebenzise izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda ezweni lonke. Lo mzamo oqhubekayo usiza ukuxhumana okungcono phakathi kwezifunda ezingaphakathi kwe-Indonesia ngenkathi futhi uthuthukisa amanethiwekhi ezokuthutha nabalingani abakhulu bokuhweba emhlabeni wonke. Ingqalasizinda ethuthukisiwe isekela imisebenzi ephumelelayo ebalulekile ekudidiyeleni uhwebo lwangaphandle olungenazihibe. Ukwengeza, Izivumelwano Zokuhweba Ngokukhululekile (ama-FTA) okuxoxiswene ngazo yi-Indonesia namanye amazwe zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ubudlelwano bohwebo bamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokunciphisa izithiyo ezifana nezintela noma ama-quota ezimpahleni ezithile namasevisi phakathi kwamazwe abamba iqhaza, lawa ma-FTA anikeza abathumeli bangaphandle base-Indonesia ukufinyelela okukhethekile ezimakethe ezintsha kuyilapho eheha ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwamanye amazwe emikhakheni ebalulekile njengokukhiqiza noma amasevisi. Kodwa-ke naphezu kwalezi zici ezinhle ezishiwo ngenhla , kunezinselelo ezingase zithiye ukuqaphela ngokugcwele amandla okuhweba angaphandle kwe-Indonesia afana nobunzima bokulawula , izinkinga zokubonisa izinto obala , amazinga enkohlakalo njll. Sengiphetha, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo besibalo sabantu okuhlanganiswe nensada yezinsiza kanye nentuthuko esekelayo yengqalasizinda kanye Nezivumelwano Zokuhweba Ngamahhala (ama-FTA), i-Indonesia ikhombisa amathuba athembisayo okwandisa indawo yayo yomhlaba ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe.

Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo yemakethe yase-Indonesia, kubalulekile ukucabangela okuthandwayo kwendawo, izitayela, namasiko. I-Indonesia inabantu abahlukahlukene kanye nesigaba esiphakathi esikhulayo, okuyenza ibe indawo ekhangayo yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Nawa amathiphu wokukhetha imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu yemakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yase-Indonesia: 1. I-Consumer electronics: Ngokukhula kokutholwa kobuchwepheshe e-Indonesia, izinto zikagesi zabathengi njengama-smartphone, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, amathebulethi, namadivayisi ahlakaniphile asekhaya afunwa kakhulu. 2. Imfashini nezingubo: Abantu base-Indonesia banomqondo oqinile wemfashini futhi balandela eduze izitayela zemfashini zomhlaba jikelele. Khetha izingubo zemfashini njengezingubo, izikibha, izingubo zedenim, izesekeli (izikhwama zezandla/izikhwama zemali), izicathulo ezihambisana nezitayela ezisemthethweni nezijwayelekile. 3. Ukudla neziphuzo: Ukudla kwase-Indonesia kunikeza ukunambitheka okuyingqayizivele nezinongo ezingakhanga kubathengi bendawo. Cabangela ukukhangisa ngemikhiqizo yokudla yekhwalithi ephezulu efana nobhontshisi wekhofi (i-Indonesia ikhiqiza ikhofi eliphambili), ukudla okulula (izibiliboco zasendaweni noma izinhlobo zamazwe ngamazwe ezithakazelelwa abantu base-Indonesia), izinketho zokudla okunempilo (organic/vegan/gluten-free). 4. Impilo nempilo enhle: Ukuthambekela kokukhathalela impilo kuya ngokushuba e-Indonesia. Bheka ukunikeza izithasiselo zokudla (amavithamini/amaminerali), imikhiqizo yemvelo/yemvelo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba noma izimonyo ezinezici zokuvikela i-UV ngenxa yokuchayeka kwesimo sezulu esishisayo. 5. Ukuhlotshiswa kwekhaya: Ukulinganisa idizayini yesimanje nobuhle bendabuko base-Indonesia kungase kuhehe kubathengi abafuna izinto ezihlukile zokuhlobisa ikhaya njengezingcezu zefenisha ezenziwe ngezinto zasendaweni (ukhuni/i-rattan/uqalo) noma imisebenzi yezandla/imisebenzi yobuciko ebonisa amagugu endawo. 6. Imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu: Ukuzilungisa kuyisici esibalulekile sesiko lase-Indonesia; yingakho izinto zokunakekelwa komuntu siqu njenge-skincare/ukugeza/umzimba/imikhiqizo yokunakekela izinwele zihlala zidingeka. 7.Imikhiqizo Yezolimo; Njengezwe lezolimo elaziwa ngokucebile kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo & nenhlabathi evundile; Izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yezolimo ezingathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zihlanganisa amafutha esundu/izithelo ezishisayo/ukhokho/ikhofi/izinongo Khumbula ukuthi ucwaningo lwemakethe ngokusebenzisa izinhlolovo/amaqembu okugxilwe kuwo, ukufunda ngokuziphatha kwabathengi basendaweni, nokuhlanganisa imikhiqizo efanelana nokuthandwa nokuthandwayo kwase-Indonesia kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile ekukhetheni ngempumelelo izimpahla ezithengiswa kakhulu ezimakethe zase-Indonesia. Ukwengeza, ukwakha ubudlelwano nabasabalalisi bendawo noma izinkundla ze-e-commerce kuzosekela ukungena kwakho emakethe yase-Indonesia.

I-Indonesia iyizwe elaziwa ngamagugu alo acebile nezici ezihlukahlukene zamakhasimende. Ukuqonda lezi zici zekhasimende kanye nama-taboos kubalulekile kumabhizinisi asebenza e-Indonesia. Isici esivelele samakhasimende ase-Indonesia ukubaluleka kwawo okuphezulu ebudlelwaneni bomuntu siqu. Abantu base-Indonesia babeka phambili ukwakha ukwethembana nokusungula ukuxhumana komuntu siqu ngaphambi kokuhlanganyela ekuhwebeni kwebhizinisi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungase kuthathe isikhathi ukwakha ubuhlobo namakhasimende ase-Indonesia, njengoba ngokuvamile ekhetha ukuqhuba ibhizinisi nabantu ababaziyo nababethembayo. Esinye isici esibalulekile sokuziphatha kwabathengi base-Indonesia ukuthanda kwabo ukuxoxisana ngezintengo. Ukuxoxisana kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile ezweni, ikakhulukazi uma uthenga izimpahla noma amasevisi ezimakethe noma amabhizinisi amancane. Amakhasimende angase azibandakanye ekugegeleni okunobungane, alindele izaphulelo noma inani elingeziwe ukuze asekele isinqumo sawo sokuthenga. Ukwengeza, abantu base-Indonesia babeka ukubaluleka kokulondoloza ubuso noma ukulondoloza isithunzi somuntu. Ukugxeka umuntu ngokukhululekile kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ubuso futhi kubangele ubudlelwano bebhizinisi obuntekenteke. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi izinkampani zixhumane ngempendulo noma ngemibono ngendlela eyakhayo nangasese kunokuba esidlangalaleni ukuze zilondoloze ubuhlobo obuhle namakhasimende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqonda amasiko namasiko endawo kungasiza ekuzulazuleni okungahle kube khona lapho wenza ibhizinisi e-Indonesia. Isibonelo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukunikeza izipho ngesandla sobunxele noma ukukhomba umuntu ngokuqondile kuthathwa njengezenzo ezingenanhlonipho ngesiko lesi-Indonesia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzwela lapho kuxoxwa ngezindaba zenkolo noma zezepolitiki kubalulekile njengoba lezi zihloko zingazwela kakhulu kwabanye abantu ezweni ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwezenkolo. Sekukonke, ngokuqaphela ukubaluleka kobudlelwane bomuntu siqu, ukwamukela izinqubo zokuxoxisana, ukuhlonipha amasiko endawo mayelana nezitayela zokuxhumana, ukugwema ukuthinta okuthile okubonisa ukungahloniphi njengokupha umuntu kwesokunxele noma ukukhomba umuntu ngeminwe ngqo - amabhizinisi angazulazula ngempumelelo ngokusebenzisa izici zekhasimende eziyingqayizivele zase-Indonesia ngenkathi akha. ubudlelwano obuzuzisanayo.

I-Indonesia inohlelo olusungulwe kahle lokuphatha amasiko kanye nokufika kwabantu abangena noma abaphumayo ezweni. Lapho ufika esikhumulweni sezindiza sase-Indonesia, abahambi kudingeka ukuthi balethe amaphasipoti abo, ama-visa (uma ekhona), kanye nekhadi eligcwalisiwe lokugibela/lokwehla elivame ukusatshalaliswa endizeni noma elitholakala lapho befika. Abagibeli bangase badinge ukungena emigqeni yokuthuthela kwelinye izwe ukuze balawule amaphasipoti, lapho izikhulu ziqinisekisa khona izincwadi zokuhamba kanye namaphasipoti anezitembu. Kubalulekile ukuthobela yonke imithetho yamasiko lapho ungena noma uphuma e-Indonesia. Le mithetho ihlanganisa ukulinganiselwa ezintweni ezinjengotshwala, imikhiqizo kagwayi, imithi ngaphandle kwemiyalelo kadokotela, izibhamu, izidakamizwa nezinto zocansi. Ukwengeza, izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane nezitshalo zingadinga izimvume ezikhethekile. Abahambi kufanele bamemezele noma yiziphi izimpahla ezeqa imikhawulo yamahhala noma izinto ezibekelwe imingcele lapho zifika. Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungaholela ekujezisweni noma ekuthathweni kwezimpahla. I-Indonesia iphinde isebenzise ngokuqinile imithetho yezidakamizwa enezinhlawulo ezinzima ngamacala ahlobene nezidakamizwa okuhlanganisa ukutholakala nokushushumbiswa. Abahambi kumele baqikelele ukuthi bangathuthi noma yiziphi izinto ezingekho emthethweni bengazi ngoba yibo abaphethe izinto ezithwalwa emithwalweni yabo. Ukuletha imali yakwamanye amazwe e-Indonesia akunayo imikhawulo; kodwa-ke ukuletha i-IDR (i-Indonesian Rupiah) engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-100 kufanele kumenyezelwe lapho ufika noma usuka. Mayelana nokuhlolwa kwezempilo ezikhumulweni zezindiza ngesikhathi sodlame noma ukuqubuka kwezifo ezithathelanayo okubandakanya i-COVID-19 - abahambi bangadinga ukuthi bahlole izinga lokushisa futhi bagcwalise amafomu ezempilo engeziwe kuye ngezimo zamanje. Sekukonke, kubalulekile ukuthi izivakashi zizijwayeze nemithetho yamasiko yase-Indonesia ngaphambi kokuhamba ngokuthintana namanxusa/amanxusa endawo noma ngokubheka amawebhusayithi kahulumeni asemthethweni. Ukuthobela le mihlahlandlela kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi kunenqubo yokungena/yokuphuma ebushelelezi kuyilapho kuhlonipha imithetho nemikhuba yamasiko yase-Indonesia.

I-Indonesia iyizwe leziqhingi eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, elaziwa ngemithombo yalo enkulu yemvelo nomnotho okhulayo. Njengelungu leNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba (i-WTO), i-Indonesia isungule izinqubomgomo ezithile zentela yokungenisa ukuze ilawule ukungena kwezimpahla ezweni. Izimpahla ezingenisiwe ezingena e-Indonesia ngokuvamile zingaphansi kwentela evela ngaphandle, ebalwa ngokusekelwe enanini lempahla yemikhiqizo. Amanani entela yokungenisa ezweni angahluka kuye ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ezifana nohlobo lwezimpahla, imvelaphi yazo, nanoma yiziphi izivumelwano zohwebo ezisebenzayo. Uhulumeni wase-Indonesia njalo ubuyekeza futhi ulungise lawa manani ukuze abonise izimo zezomnotho ezishintshayo kanye nobudlelwano bohwebo. Ngokungeziwe emithendelekweni yokungenisa, intela ye-value-added (VAT) nayo ikhokhiswa emikhiqizweni eminingi engenisiwe e-Indonesia. Izinga le-VAT okwamanje lisethwe ku-10% kodwa lingase lishintshwe iziphathimandla zikahulumeni. Abathekelisi kudingeka ukuthi bakhokhe le ntela ngaphambi kokuba izimpahla zabo zikhishwe kusetshenziswa intela. Izigaba ezithile zomkhiqizo zingase zibe nezintela ezithile ezengeziwe ezibekwe kuzo ngaphandle kwentela evamile yokungenisa kanye ne-VAT. Isibonelo, izimpahla zikanokusho noma imikhiqizo elimaza imvelo ingase ihehe izintela eziphakeme noma amalevi emvelo ahloselwe ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwazo. Ukuze kutholwe amanani entengo anembile futhi kube lula ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, izimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe zihlolwa Abaphathi Bempahla yase-Indonesia abaqinisekisa ama-invoyisi noma amanye amadokhumenti afanelekile anikezwa abangenisi. Kubalulekile kubathengisi abafuna ukwenza ibhizinisi e-Indonesia noma bathumele imikhiqizo yabo lapho ukuze bazijwayeze nalezi zinqubomgomo zentela yokungenisa kusengaphambili. Ukubonisana nabasebenzeli bentela noma abeluleki bezomthetho abanobungcweti bemithetho yamasiko yase-Indonesia kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthobelana nezimfuneko zikazwelonke kuyilapho kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe. Khumbula ukuthi lezi zinqubomgomo zingase zishintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kokuhwebelana komhlaba wonke noma izinto ezibalulekile zomnotho wasekhaya; ngakho-ke ukuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngemithetho yamanje kuzobonakala kunenzuzo kumabhizinisi ahlanganyela kwezohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ne-Indonesia.

Inqubomgomo yentela yempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle yase-Indonesia ihlose ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho nokuvikela izimboni zasekhaya. Izwe selisebenzise uxhaxha lwezintela nemithethonqubo ezimpahleni ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukuze lilawule ukuphuma kwezinsiza ezibalulekile, likhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwendawo, futhi lingenise imali. Isici esisodwa esibalulekile senqubomgomo yokuthekelisa yase-Indonesia ukukhokhiswa kwentela emikhiqizweni ethile. Uhulumeni ukhokhisa amanani aguquguqukayo ezimpahleni ezahlukahlukene, ezingafaka imikhiqizo yezolimo, amaminerali, izindwangu, kanye nempahla ekhiqiziwe. Lawa manani asethwa ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifana nesidingo semakethe, ukuncintisana nezimboni zasekhaya, kanye nezinjongo zebhalansi yezohwebo zizonke zase-Indonesia. Ukwengeza, i-Indonesia yethule imikhawulo yokuthekelisa noma ukuvinjelwa kwempahla ethile ngomzamo wokubeka phambili izidingo zasendaweni noma ukulondoloza imithombo yemvelo. Isibonelo, amaminerali aluhlaza njenge-nickel ore angaphansi kwemikhawulo ehloselwe ukukhuthaza ukucutshungulwa komfula ngaphakathi kwezwe. Leli su lihlose ukukhulisa ukwengezwa kwenani nokudala amathuba emisebenzi engeziwe kubantu base-Indonesia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Indonesia ihlinzeka ngezinxephezelo ezahlukahlukene kubathumeli bangaphandle ngezinqubomgomo zayo zentela. Abathekelisi bangase bafanelekele ukukhululwa enteleni noma amanani ancishisiwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ezishiwo uhulumeni. Lezi zisusa kuhloswe ngazo ukukhuthaza amabhizinisi ukuthi azibandakanye emisebenzini yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngesikhathi esifanayo ethuthukisa ukuncintisana kazwelonke. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi i-Indonesia ibuyekeza inqubomgomo yayo yentela yezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze iqinisekise ukuhambisana nezinjongo zomnotho kanye nezimo zemakethe yomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, abathumeli bangaphandle kufanele bahlale benolwazi nganoma yiziphi izinguquko emazingeni entela noma imithethonqubo ehlobene nomkhakha wabo othile. Sekukonke, inqubomgomo yentela yempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle yase-Indonesia ibonisa indlela elinganiselayo ngokucophelela efuna kokubili ukuthuthukiswa komnotho nokongiwa kwezinsiza kuyilapho ivikela izimboni zasendaweni emiqhudelwaneni yangaphandle engafanele.

I-Indonesia iyizwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia elinomnotho ohlukahlukene, futhi imboni yayo yokuthumela ngaphandle idlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwayo komnotho. Izwe selisebenzise izitifiketi ezimbalwa zokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ukuze liqinisekise izinga nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo yalo ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Esinye sezitifiketi eziyinhloko zokuthekelisa ezisetshenziswa e-Indonesia yiSitifiketi Somsuka (COO). Lo mbhalo uqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zakhiqizwa, zakhiqizwa, noma zacutshungulwa ngaphakathi kwe-Indonesia. Kuyasiza ukusungula ukuphathwa kwentela okukhethekile kwemikhiqizo yase-Indonesia ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Esinye isitifiketi esibalulekile Isitifiketi se-Halal. Njengoba i-Indonesia inenani elikhulu lamaSulumane emhlabeni jikelele, lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla, iziphuzo, imithi, neminye imikhiqizo yabathengi ithobela imithetho yezokudla yamaSulumane. Iqinisekisa ukuthi le mikhiqizo ayinazo izinto ze-haram (ezinqatshelwe) noma izinqubo. Mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwezolimo kwamanye amazwe njengamafutha esundu noma ubhontshisi kakhokho, i-Indonesia isebenzisa Isitifiketi Senethiwekhi Yezolimo Esiqhubekayo. Lesi sitifiketi sibonisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yezolimo yalinywa ngendlela efanele ngaphandle kokulimaza imvelo noma ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abasebenzi. Ngokungeziwe kulezi zitifiketi ezithile zezimboni ezahlukene, kukhona nezitifiketi zekhwalithi ezijwayelekile ezifana ne-ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System Certification. Lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi izinkampani zenze izinqubo nezinqubo ezijwayelekile zokuletha imikhiqizo namasevisi wekhwalithi ephezulu ngokungaguquki. Zonke lezi zitifiketi zokuthumela ngaphandle zisiza amabhizinisi ase-Indonesia akhe ukwethembana kumakhasimende aphesheya ngokuqinisekisa ukuthobela izindinganiso nemithethonqubo edingekayo. Banikela ekuthuthukiseni ukuthunyelwa kwe-Indonesian emhlabeni jikelele kuyilapho bevikela impilo nenhlalakahle yabathengi ngokugcina amazinga ekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

I-Indonesia iyizwe elikhulu nelihlukahlukene eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, elaziwa ngezindawo zalo ezimangalisayo, amasiko acebile, namadolobha aphithizelayo. Uma kukhulunywa ngezincomo zezokuthutha e-Indonesia, kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe. Okokuqala, ezokuthutha zidlala indima ebalulekile embonini yezokuthutha. I-Indonesia inikezela ngezindlela zokuthutha ezahlukahlukene njengemigwaqo, izitimela, izindiza, kanye nemizila yasolwandle. Inethiwekhi yemigwaqo ibanzi futhi ithuthukiswe kahle emadolobheni amakhulu njenge-Jakarta ne-Surabaya, okwenza kube lula ukuthunyelwa nokusabalalisa ekhaya. Nokho, ukuminyana kwethrafikhi kungaba inselele phakathi namahora aphakeme kakhulu. Ezokuthutha ezihamba amabanga amade noma ukuthunyelwa ngobuningi eziqhingini noma izifunda ezingafinyeleleki kalula ngemizila yasemhlabeni, ukuthutha olwandle kuyisinqumo esihle. Njengoba kunezinkulungwane zeziqhingi ezihlanganisa izwe leziqhingi lase-Indonesia, imigqa yemikhumbi ethembekile ixhuma amachweba amakhulu njengeTanjung Priok (Jakarta), iTanjung Perak (Surabaya), iBelawan (Medan), neMakassar (South Sulawesi). Mayelana nezinsiza zokuthutha ngendiza e-Indonesia, izikhumulo zezindiza ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-Soekarno-Hatta International Airport (Jakarta) kanye ne-Ngurah Rai International Airport (Bali) zihlinzeka ngezindawo zokuphatha impahla ezisebenza kahle ezixhumene nezindawo ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Lezi zikhumulo zezindiza zisebenza njengezikhungo zazo zombili izindiza zabagibeli ezithwala impahla kanye nezindiza ezithwala impahla ezizinikele. Esinye isici esibalulekile se-logistics izindawo zokugcina impahla. Emadolobheni amakhulu anjengeJakarta neSurabaya, kunezindawo zokugcina izimpahla eziningi ezinobuchwepheshe besimanje ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokugcina zezimboni ezahlukene. Lezi zindawo zokugcina izimpahla zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezifana nezinhlelo zokulawulwa kwempahla, izindawo zokugcina ezilawulwa izinga lokushisa zezimpahla ezibolayo noma ezemithi, Ukuqinisekisa izinqubo ezibushelelezi zokukhishwa kwempahla engenisiwe ezikhumulweni zemikhumbi noma ezikhumulweni zezindiza zase-Indonesia lapho ungenisa noma uthumela izimpahla kwamanye amazwe kwakha ubudlelwano obuhle nabasebenzeli bempahla abathembekile abanobuchwepheshe bokuzulazula ngezinqubo zokuthumela imibhalo yokungenisa/ukuthumela ngempumelelo kungazuzisa kakhulu amabhizinisi ahlanganyela ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe. Okokugcina kodwa okubalulekile ukubonakala kwe-supply chain kungathuthukiswa kusetshenziswa izinkundla zedijithali ezifana nesofthiwe yokulandelela enikeza izibuyekezo zesikhathi sangempela ngokuhamba nendawo yezimpahla. Izinkampani ezimbalwa zezokuthutha e-Indonesia zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezinjalo, ezivumela amabhizinisi ukuthi enze lula ukusebenza kwawo futhi athuthukise ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. Sengiphetha, i-Indonesia inikezela ngamathuba ahlukahlukene wezokuthutha ngezinketho zayo zezokuthutha ezihlukahlukene, izindawo zokugcina impahla ezihlome kahle, izinqubo ezisebenzayo zokugunyazwa kwempahla, kanye nezixazululo zochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla oluqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe. Ukusebenza nozakwethu basendaweni abahloniphekile abanokuqonda okujulile kwemakethe yase-Indonesia kungasiza amabhizinisi ukuthi abheke izinselele ezingaba khona futhi asungule isisekelo esiqinile kuleli zwe eliguqukayo laseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia.

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

I-Indonesia, njengomnotho onabantu abaningi nosafufusa eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ihlinzeka ngamathuba abalulekile kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna ukungena ezimbonini ezahlukene. Izwe linemigudu eminingana ebalulekile yokuthengwa kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemibukiso esiza ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi. Nazi ezinye ezibalulekile: 1. Imibukiso yezohwebo: a) I-Trade Expo Indonesia (TEI): Lo mcimbi waminyaka yonke ubonisa imikhiqizo namasevisi ase-Indonesia emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ezolimo, ezokukhiqiza, izimboni zobuciko, nokunye. b) Ukukhiqiza I-Indonesia: Umbukiso wokuhweba owaziwayo ogxile emishinini, amathuluzi, izinhlelo zempahla, kanye nezinsizakalo ezihlobene nemikhakha yokukhiqiza. c) Ukudla namahhotela e-Indonesia: Umbukiso ohamba phambili wemboni yokudla neziphuzo oqukethe abahlinzeki basekhaya nabamazwe ngamazwe. 2. Izinkundla zokuxhumana zamazwe ngamazwe: a) I-Bekraf Festival: Ihlelwe yi-Creative Economy Agency yase-Indonesia (Bekraf), le festiveli inikeza inkundla yabadali abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene ukuze baxhumane nabangase babe abathengi emazweni ngamazwe. b) Uhlelo Lukazwelonke Lokuthuthukiswa Kwempahla Ethunyelwa Ngaphandle (i-PEN): I-PEN ihlela imisebenzi yohwebo kanye nemihlangano yabathengi nabathengisi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe; kusiza amathuba okuxhumana phakathi kwabathumeli bempahla base-Indonesia nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. 3. I-E-Commerce Platform: a) I-Tokopedia: Njengenye yezimakethe eziku-inthanethi ezinkulu kunazo zonke eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, i-Tokopedia ivumela amabhizinisi ukuthi andise ukufinyelela kwawo abathengi ngokusebenzisa amapulatifomu edijithali. b) I-Lazada: Enye inkundla ye-e-commerce edumile exhumanisa amabhizinisi nezigidi zabathengi abangaba khona e-Indonesia. c) I-Bukalapak: Indawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi esungulayo evumela abathengisi abavela kulo lonke elase-Indonesia ukuthi bafinyelele kubathengi bezwe kanye nabasemhlabeni jikelele. 4. Izinyathelo Zikahulumeni: Uhulumeni wase-Indonesia udlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ngokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo ezifana nezibonelelo zentela noma ukuqondisa izindawo zezomnotho ezikhethekile lapho izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe zingaqalisa khona ukusebenza kahle. 5. Iziteshi Eziqondene Nemboni: I-Indonesia inothile ngezinsiza zemvelo ezifana namafutha esundu, irabha, namalahle; yingakho iheha abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna lezi zimpahla ngezingxoxo eziqondile noma ukubamba iqhaza emibukisweni yohwebo yempahla ekhethekile. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi ngenxa yobhadane lwe-COVID-19, imicimbi eminingi nemibukiso iphazamisekile noma yadluliselwa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Nokho, njengoba isimo siba ngcono, imibukiso ebonakalayo kulindeleke ukuthi iqale kancane kancane. Kafushane, i-Indonesia ihlinzeka ngeziteshi zokuthengwa kwempahla zamazwe ngamazwe ezibalulekile kanye nemibukiso esebenza njengezinkundla zokuxhumanisa abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe nabathengisi base-Indonesia kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Lawa mathuba asiza ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi futhi andise ukufinyelela ezimakethe komunye weminotho ethembisa kakhulu eNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia.

Izinjini zokusesha ezijwayelekile

I-Indonesia, engelinye lamazwe amakhulu e-Southeast Asia, inenombolo yezinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa abahlali bayo. Nazi ezinye zezinjini zokusesha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu e-Indonesia kanye nama-URL wewebhusayithi yazo: 1. I-Google - Ngokungangabazeki injini yokusesha edume kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, i-Google nayo isetshenziswa kakhulu e-Indonesia. I-URL yayo yabasebenzisi base-Indonesia ithi www.google.co.id. 2. I-Yahoo - I-Yahoo Search ingenye injini yokusesha evame ukusetshenziswa e-Indonesia, ehlinzeka ngamasevisi ahlukahlukene kanye nenkomba ebanzi yamawebhusayithi. I-URL yayo yabasebenzisi base-Indonesia ithi www.yahoo.co.id. 3. I-Bing - Ithuthukiswe yi-Microsoft, i-Bing inikeza izinsiza zokusesha iwebhu nezinye izici ezifana nokusesha izithombe nevidiyo. I-URL yabasebenzisi base-Indonesia ithi www.bing.com/?cc=id. 4. I-DuckDuckGo - Yaziwa ngezinqubomgomo zayo zokuvikela ubumfihlo kanye nemiphumela okungezona ezomuntu siqu, i-DuckDuckGo isizuze ukuduma nakubantu abakhathalela ubumfihlo e-Indonesia futhi. I-URL yabasebenzisi base-Indonesia ithi duckduckgo.com/?q=. 5. I-Ecosia - Iyinjini yokusesha evumelana nemvelo esebenzisa imali engenayo ukutshala izihlahla emhlabeni wonke ngokusesha kwe-inthanethi okwenziwe ngesevisi yayo. I-URL yokufinyelela i-Ecosia evela e-Indonesia ithi www.ecosia.org/. 6. Injini Yokusesha ye-Kaskus (KSE) - Iforamu ye-Kaskus, omunye wemiphakathi ehamba phambili eku-inthanethi e-Indonesia, inikeza injini yokusesha yangokwezifiso eklanyelwe ukuthola okuqukethwe ngaphakathi kwezingxoxo zabo zenkundla kuphela. Ungafinyelela kuyo kokuthi kask.us/searchengine/. 7. I-GoodSearch Indonesia - Ngokufana nomqondo we-Ecosia kodwa ngezizathu ezihlukene zokupha ezisekelwayo, i-GoodSearch inikela ngengxenye yemali engenayo yokukhangisa ezinhlanganweni ezisiza umphakathi ezikhethwe abasebenzisi ngenkathi isesha ngenkundla yabo ku-indonesian.goodsearch.com. Yize lezi kungezinye zezinjini zokusesha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu e-Indonesia, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Google ibusa isabelo semakethe kakhulu ngenxa yenkomba yayo ebanzi nolwazi olusebenziseka kalula.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

I-Indonesia, izwe elihlukahlukene nelidlangile eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, linikeza inhlobonhlobo yezinsizakalo ngezinhlu zemibhalo zamakhasi aphuzi. Nawa amanye amakhasi aphuzi ayinhloko e-Indonesia: 1. YellowPages.co.id: Lena iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Yellow Pages Indonesia. Inikeza uhlu lwamabhizinisi oluphelele kanye nolwazi lokuxhumana kuzo zonke izimboni nezifunda ezihlukahlukene ezweni. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.yellowpages.co.id/ 2. I-Indonesia.YellowPages-Ph.net: Lolu hlu lwemibhalo oluku-inthanethi lunikeza uhlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi, okuhlanganisa izitolo zasendaweni, izindawo zokudlela, amahhotela, izibhedlela, nokuningi emadolobheni ahlukahlukene kulo lonke elase-Indonesia. 3. I-Whitepages.co.id: Amakhasi Amhlophe I-Indonesia ihlinzeka ngesizindalwazi esiseshekayo sezinombolo zocingo zabantu ngabanye namabhizinisi ezweni lonke. 4. I-Bizdirectoryindonesia.com: I-Biz Directory Indonesia iwuhlu lwemibhalo eku-inthanethi oluxhumanisa abasebenzisi nezinkampani zasendaweni ezivela emikhakheni eyahlukene njengokuthengisa, ezezimali, ezobuchwepheshe, ezokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ezemfundo, nokunye. 5. DuniaProperti123.com: Leli khasi eliphuzi ligxile ngokukhethekile ohlwini lwezindlu ezithengiswayo e-Indonesia. Abasebenzisi bangasesha amafulethi, izindlu noma izakhiwo zezentengiselwano ezitholakalayo ezithengiswayo noma eziqashiwe. 6. I-Indopages.net: I-Indopages isebenza njengenkundla lapho amabhizinisi angaphromotha khona imikhiqizo yawo noma amasevisi kumakhasimende angaba khona ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zase-Indonesia. 7. Jasa.com/zu/: I-Jasa iyindawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi exhuma abahlinzeki besevisi namakhasimende afuna izinsiza ezichwepheshile ezifana nokulungisa amapayipi amanzi, ukuthwebula izithombe zezinsiza zokudla njll., kulo lonke iqoqo leziqhingi zase-Indonesia. Lawa mawebhusayithi asebenza njengezinsiza ezibalulekile uma ufuna imikhiqizo ethile noma amasevisi ezimakethe ezinkulu zase-Indonesia noma lapho usesha imininingwane yokuxhumana yamabhizinisi asebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele yezwe.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

E-Indonesia, kunezinkundla ezimbalwa ezivelele ze-e-commerce ezibhekelela imakethe yokuthenga ekhula ku-inthanethi. Nazi ezinye eziphambili kanye nama-URL wewebhusayithi yabo: 1. I-Tokopedia - Yasungulwa ngo-2009, i-Tokopedia ingenye yezimakethe ezinkulu ze-inthanethi zase-Indonesia. Ihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kusukela kumfashini kuya kweye-elekthronikhi futhi isiphenduke into ethandwayo kubo bobabili abathengisi nabathengi. Iwebhusayithi: www.tokopedia.com 2. I-Shopee - Yethulwe ngo-2015, i-Shopee yathola ukuduma ngokushesha njengendawo yemakethe egxile kumaselula enikezela ngemikhiqizo eminingi ngamanani ancintisanayo. Iphinde inikeze izici ezilula njengezinketho zokukhokha ezivikelekile kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamahhala kwezinto ezithile. Iwebhusayithi: www.shopee.co.id 3. I-Lazada - Iqalwe ngo-2012, i-Lazada ingenye yezinkundla ezihamba phambili ze-e-commerce e-Southeast Asia etholwe yi-Alibaba Group ngo-2016. Ihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo eyahlukene, efaka izinto zikagesi, imfashini, ubuhle, kanye nezinto zikagesi zasekhaya ezivela kumikhiqizo ehlukahlukene nabathengisi kulo lonke elase-Indonesia. Iwebhusayithi: www.lazada.co.id 4. Bukalapak - Isungulwe ngo-2010 njengendawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi yamabhizinisi amancane noma abantu abathengisa imikhiqizo yabo ngokuqondile kubathengi, iBukalapak isiguquke yaba enye yezinkundla ezivelele ze-e-commerce zase-Indonesia ezinokukhethwa kwemikhiqizo ebanzi nezici ezintsha ezifana nemikhankaso yolwazi lokulwa nokukhohlisa. endaweni yayo. Iwebhusayithi: www.bukalapak.com 5. I-Blibli - Yasungulwa ngo-2009 njengomthengisi wezincwadi ku-inthanethi kodwa kamuva yandisa ukunikezwa kwayo ukuze ihlanganise nezinye izigaba ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-electronics, imfashini, imikhiqizo yezempilo nobuhle, izinto zikagesi zasendlini njll., i-Blibli ihlose ukuhlinzeka amakhasimende ngezinsizakalo ezithembekile ezisekelwa ubambiswano nabahloniphekile brand. Iwebhusayithi: www.blibli.com 6- JD.ID - Ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe phakathi kwe-JD.com ne-Digital Artha Media Group (DAMG), i-JD.ID iyingxenye yenkampani edumile yaseShayina i-JD.com yomndeni egxile ekuhlinzekeni amakhasimende ayo e-Indonesia ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kanye amasevisi athembekile. Iwebhusayithi: www.jd.id Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zamapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce asebenza e-Indonesia. Inkundla ngayinye inikezela ngezici ezihlukile, izinzuzo, kanye nezinhlobo zomkhiqizo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zabathengi base-Indonesia emakethe echumayo ye-e-commerce.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

I-Indonesia, eyizwe lesine elinabantu abaningi emhlabeni, inendawo yenkundla yezokuxhumana enempilo enezinkundla ezihlukene ezibhekelela izidingo nezintandokazi ezahlukene. Nazi ezinye izinkundla zokuxhumana ezidumile e-Indonesia kanye namawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Facebook (https://www.facebook.com): I-Facebook isetshenziswa kakhulu e-Indonesia ekuxhumekeni komuntu siqu, ukwabelana ngezibuyekezo, nokuxhumana nabangani nomndeni. 2. I-Instagram (https://www.instagram.com): I-Instagram idume kakhulu kubasebenzisi base-Indonesia, ikakhulukazi ngokwabelana ngezithombe namavidiyo. Iphinde isebenze njengenkundla yabagqugquzeli namabhizinisi ukufinyelela izethameli abazihlosile. 3. I-Twitter (https://twitter.com): I-Twitter iyisayithi ye-microblogging esetshenziswa kakhulu abantu base-Indonesia ukuze uthole izibuyekezo zesikhathi sangempela, izingxoxo ngezihloko ezihamba phambili, nokulandela abantu noma izinhlangano zomphakathi. 4. I-YouTube (https://www.youtube.com): I-YouTube isetshenziswa kakhulu abantu base-Indonesia ukuze badle okuqukethwe kwamavidiyo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ezifana namavidiyo omculo, i-vlogging, iziqephu zamahlaya, okokufundisa, njll. 5. I-TikTok (https://www.tiktok.com): I-TikTok izuze ukuduma okukhulu e-Indonesia ngenxa yamavidiyo ayo afushane avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babonise ubuhlakani babo ngemidanso, amakhonsathi avumelanisa izindebe noma ama-skits ahlekisayo. 6. I-LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com): I-LinkedIn isebenza njengenkundla yokuxhumana yobungcweti lapho ochwepheshe base-Indonesia bengakwazi ukuxhumana nontanga basembonini, bahlole amathuba emisebenzi noma babelane ngokuqukethwe okuhlobene nemboni. 7. Ulayini (http://line.me/en/): Ulayini uhlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo olusetshenziswa kakhulu abantu base-Indonesia ukuxhumana ngemiyalezo, izingcingo zezwi kanye nokwabelana ngokuqukethwe kwe-multimedia njengezithombe namavidiyo. 8. I-WhatsApp (https://www.whatsapp.com/): I-WhatsApp isalokhu ingenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza zemiyalezo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu e-Indonesia ngenxa yobulula bayo nokusebenziseka kalula ekuxhumaneni komuntu siqu phakathi kwabantu noma amaqembu. 9. I-WeChat: Nakuba idume kakhulu phakathi komphakathi wamaShayina e-Indonesia ngenxa yezimpande zayo ezivela e-China; I-WeChat iphinde ibone ukusetshenziswa ngale kwalokhu kukhula kwabantu kwemiyalezo, izinsiza zokukhokha, kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana. 10. I-Gojek (https://www.gojek.com/): I-Gojek iwuhlelo lokusebenza oluhle kakhulu lwase-Indonesia olungagcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokugibela kodwa futhi lusebenza njengenkundla yezinye izinsiza ezihlukahlukene njengokulethwa kokudla, ukuthenga, nezinkokhelo zedijithali. Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zezinkundla zokuxhumana e-Indonesia. Kukhona abanye abambalwa abahlinzeka ngama-niches noma izintshisekelo ezithile ngaphakathi kwemakethe yase-Indonesia.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

I-Indonesia, ngomnotho wayo ohlukahlukene, inezinhlangano eziningi ezivelele zezimboni ezimele imikhakha eyahlukene futhi ezinomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni kwesizwe. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni e-Indonesia kanye namawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KADIN Indonesia) - http://kadin-indonesia.or.id Inhlangano yebhizinisi ehlonishwayo emele izimboni ezahlukahlukene e-Indonesia. 2. Indonesian Employers Association (Apindo) - https://www.apindo.or.id Imele abaqashi emikhakheni eyahlukene, imelela izinqubomgomo eziphathelene nabasebenzi. 3. I-Indonesian Palm Oil Association (GAPKI) - https://gapki.id Inhlangano ethuthukisa izithakazelo zezinkampani zamafutha esundu futhi ibambe iqhaza emikhubeni yentuthuko esimeme. 4. Inhlangano Yezimayini yase-Indonesia (IMA) - http://www.mindonesia.org/ Imele izinkampani zezimayini ngaphakathi kwe-Indonesia futhi ihlose ukuthuthukisa imboni yezimayini ngokuzibophezela. 5. Indonesian Automotive Industry Association (Gaikindo) - https://www.gaikindo.or.id Isekela futhi ikhuthaze umkhakha wezimoto wasendaweni ohlanganisa abakhiqizi bezimoto, abangenisa kwamanye amazwe, nabasabalalisi. 6. Inhlangano Yamazwe Akhiqiza Injoloba Yemvelo (ANRPC) - https://www.anrpc.org/ Inkundla yokuhlanganyela phakathi kwamazwe akhiqiza iraba emhlabeni wonke okuhlanganisa ne-Indonesia yokwabelana ngemininingwane yemakethe nezindlela zokulima ezizinzile. 7. I-Indonesia Food & Beverage Association (GAPMMI) - https://gapmmi.org/english.html Ihlinzeka ngosizo ezimbonini zokudla neziphuzo eziqinisekisa izinqubo zebhizinisi ezinobulungiswa ngenkathi ithuthukisa amazinga ekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. 8. Indonesian Textile Association (API/ASOSIASI PERTEKSTILAN INDONESIA) http://asosiasipertekstilanindonesia.com/ Ikhuthaza ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinkampani zendwangu ukuze kuqiniswe ukuncintisana ezingeni likazwelonke kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele. Sicela wazi ukuthi lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zezinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni e-Indonesia, kodwa kunezinye izinhlangano eziningi ezibhekelela imikhakha ethile efana nezokuvakasha, ubuchwepheshe, amandla, nokunye.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa ezomnotho nezohwebo e-Indonesia ahlinzeka ngolwazi nezinsiza zamabhizinisi nabatshalizimali. Nalu uhlu lwabathile abavelele kanye namakheli abo ewebhusayithi: 1. Ukutshalwa kwezimali e-Indonesia: Le webhusayithi inikeza imininingwane ngemakethe yase-Indonesia, amathuba okutshala imali, imithetho, imithethonqubo, nolunye ulwazi olufanele. Iwebhusayithi: www.indonesia-investment.com 2. I-Ministry of Trade Republic of Indonesia: Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yoMnyango Wezohwebo ihlinzeka ngezibuyekezo ngezinqubomgomo zezohwebo, imithethonqubo, amathuba okutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nezibalo zokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. Iwebhusayithi: www.kemendag.go.id 3. I-BKPM - Ibhodi Lokuxhumanisa Ukutshalwa Kwezimali: Le webhusayithi yesikhungo sikahulumeni inikeza ulwazi ngezinqubomgomo zokutshala izimali, izinqubo zokusungula inkampani e-Indonesia (kuhlanganise nokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe), kanye nedatha yemikhakha engase ibe khona yokutshala imali. Iwebhusayithi http://www.bkpm.go.id 4. I-Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KADIN): Iwebhusayithi ye-KADIN inikeza izindaba zebhizinisi, imibiko yezimboni, ikhalenda lemicimbi yezohwebo, uhla lwemibhalo lwebhizinisi phakathi kwezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene eziqondiswe kosomabhizinisi. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.kadin-indonesia.or.id/en/ 5. Ibhange lase-Indonesia (BI): Iwebhusayithi yebhange elikhulu inikeza izinkomba zomnotho ezifana nezinga lokwehla kwamandla emali, izinqumo zenqubomgomo yezilinganiso zenzalo nge-BI kanye nemibiko yomnotho omkhulu. Iwebhusayithi http://www.bi.go.id/en/ 6. I-Eximbank yase-Indonesia (i-LPEI): I-LPEI iphromotha ukuthunyelwa kwezwe kwamanye amazwe ngamasevisi ezezimali ahlukahlukene anikezwa abathumela ngaphandle ngale sayithi kanye nemininingwane yemakethe ewusizo. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.lpei.co.id/eng/ 7. I-Trade Attaché - Inxusa LaseRiphabhulikhi Yase-Indonesia eLondon: Ingxenye yezohwebo yaleli nxusa isebenzela ukukhuthaza ubudlelwano bezomnotho bamazwe amabili phakathi kwe-Indonesia kanye nezimakethe zase-UK/EU ezihlinzeka ngobuhlakani bemakethe obubalulekile kanye nemininingwane yephoyinti lokuxhumana phakathi kolunye ulwazi olubalulekile olususelwe endaweni abakuthandayo ongathintana nayo ngokufanele. Isixhumanisi sewebhusayithi sinikezwe lapha: https://indonesianembassy.org.uk/?lang=en# Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lawa mawebhusayithi anikezela ngolwazi oluthembekile nolwakamuva mayelana nezici ezahlukahlukene zomnotho nezohwebo e-Indonesia. Kuhlale kunconywa ukuthi uqinisekise imininingwane futhi uxhumane neziphathimandla ezifanele ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo zebhizinisi.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa emibuzo yedatha yokuhweba atholakalayo e-Indonesia. Nalu uhlu lwabanye babo kanye namakheli abo esizindalwazi: 1. Izibalo Zezohwebo Zase-Indonesia (i-BPS-Izibalo Zase-Indonesia): Le webhusayithi esemthethweni inikeza izibalo zohwebo eziphelele ze-Indonesia, okuhlanganisa idatha yokungenisa nokuthekelisa. Ungafinyelela le webhusayithi ku-www.bps.go.id. 2. I-Indonesian Customs and Excise (Bea Cukai): Umnyango Wezimpahla Nezintela wase-Indonesia unikeza ingosi yedatha yezohwebo evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe izibalo zokungenisa nokuthekelisa, amanani entengo, imithetho, kanye nolunye ulwazi oluhlobene namasiko. Vakashela iwebhusayithi yabo ku-www.beacukai.go.id. 3. I-TradeMap: Le nkundla ihlinzeka ngezibalo zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ezinemininingwane eminingi, okuhlanganisa ukungenisa nokuthekelisa ngaphandle ngomkhiqizo nangezwe. Ungasesha ngokuqondile idatha yezohwebo yase-Indonesia kuwebhusayithi yabo kokuthi www.trademap.org. 4. I-UN Comtrade: Isizindalwazi se-United Nations'Commodity Trade Statistics sinikeza ulwazi lomhlaba jikelele lokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe olususelwe kumakhodi e-HS (Amakhodi Esistimu Avumelanisiwe). Abasebenzisi bangafinyelela idatha yokuhweba yase-Indonesia ngokukhetha izwe noma isigaba sempahla ngaphansi kwethebhu ethi "Idatha" kuwebhusayithi yabo: comtrade.un.org/data/. 5. I-GlobalTrade.net: Le nkundla ixhumanisa amabhizinisi nochwepheshe bezimboni emhlabeni wonke futhi inikeza ukufinyelela ezinsizeni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezibalo zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe zamazwe amaningi njenge-Indonesia. Isizindalwazi sabo esibanzi singatholakala kokuthi www.globaltrade.net/m/c/Indonesia.html. 6. I-Trading Economics: Kuyinkundla yocwaningo lwezomnotho eku-inthanethi ehlanganisa izinkomba zezomnotho ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa ulwazi lokuhweba oluhlobene nezwe ngalinye njengokusebenza kwe-Indonesia yokungenisa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nemibiko yokubikezela ehlakaniphile embonini evela emithonjeni ethembekile njengeBhange Lomhlaba noma I-IMF; ungavakashela ikhasi labo elinikezwe imininingwane yokuhweba yase-Indonesia ku-tradeconomics.com/indonesia/exports. Lawa mawebhusayithi anikezela ngemithombo ethembekile yolwazi uma kufikwa ekufinyeleleni izibuyekezo zakamuva mayelana nemisebenzi yokungenisa nokuthekelisa e-Indonesia ngempumelelo.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

E-Indonesia, kunezinkundla ezimbalwa ze-B2B ezisebenza njengezimakethe eziku-inthanethi ezixhumanisa amabhizinisi kanye nokwenza lula ukuhweba. Lezi zinkundla zisiza izinkampani ukuthi zithole, zithenge, futhi zidayise imikhiqizo namasevisi ngempumelelo. 1. I-Indotrading.com: Indawo yemakethe ehamba phambili ye-B2B e-Indonesia ebhekelela izimboni ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ezokukhiqiza, ezolimo, nezokwakha. Ivumela abathengi nabathengisi ukuthi baxhumane ngokuqondile futhi inikeza izici ezifana namakhathalogi emikhiqizo, ama-RFQ (Isicelo Sezilinganiso), namathuluzi okuqhathanisa umkhiqizo. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.indotrading.com/ 2. Bizzy.co.id: Inkundla yokuthenga nge-elekthronikhi eqondiswe kuma-SME (Amabhizinisi Amancane Namaphakathi). Inikeza uhla lwemikhiqizo yebhizinisi efana nempahla yasehhovisi, izinto zikagesi, ifenisha, njll., kuhlanganiswe nezici ezisebenziseka kalula njengoku-oda ngokuchofoza kanye. Iwebhusayithi http://www.bizzy.co.id/id 3. I-Ralali.com: Le nkundla igxile ekuhlinzekeni izidingo zezimboni ngokuhlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo efana namathuluzi emishini, izinto zokuphepha, amakhemikhali, njll., evela kubahlinzeki abathembekile. Iphinde inikeze izinketho eziningi zokukhokha ukuze kube lula. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.ralali.com/ 4. Ibhizinisi Lokushada (ngaphambili elaziwa ngokuthi Inethiwekhi Yansuku zonke Yabesifazane): Inkundla ye-B2B eyakhelwe ngokukhethekile imboni yomshado e-Indonesia. Ixhuma abathengisi abahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezihlobene nomshado njengezindawo, izinsiza zokudla, abathwebuli bezithombe/abathwebuli bevidiyo kubashadikazi abahlela imishado yabo. Iwebhusayithi: https://business.bridestory.com/ 5. I-Moratelindo Virtual Marketplace (MVM): Inkundla yokuthenga yedijithali eqondiswe kumakhasimende ezinkampani embonini yezokuxhumana ukuze athenge izimpahla/izinkonzo eziphathelene nengqalasizinda okuhlanganisa amathuluzi okuxhumana ngocingo. Iwebhusayithi http://mvm.moratelindo.co.id/login.do Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kungase kube nezinye izinkundla ze-B2B ezitholakalayo e-Indonesia ezingashiwongo lapha ngenxa yobukhulu bendawo ye-inthanethi noma ukuguquguquka kwezimakethe okuthuthukayo ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem yezwe yedijithali. Sicela uqinisekise ukuthi uvakashela amawebhusayithi afanele ngokuqondile ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa, ukubhaliswa, imigomo nemibandela, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwawo ezidingweni zakho siqu noma zebhizinisi.