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Izimakethe Eziyinhloko
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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
I-Peru iyizwe elithakazelisayo elisogwini olusentshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika. Ikhawulwe yi-Ecuador neColombia ngasenyakatho, iBrazil ngasempumalanga, iBolivia eningizimu-mpumalanga, iChile eningizimu, noLwandlekazi iPacific ngasentshonalanga. Njengoba inabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-32, iPeru yaziwa ngamagugu ayo acebile namaqembu ezizwe ezehlukene. Ulimi olusemthethweni iSpanishi, nakuba izilimi zomdabu ezifana nesiQuechua nesi-Aymara nazo zikhulunywa abantu abaningi basePeru. I-Peru inendawo ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa amathafa asogwini, izintaba eziphakeme njenge-Andes Range enqamula endaweni yayo ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu, kanye nengxenye enkulu yehlathi lemvula lase-Amazon empumalanga yalo. Ubuhle bemvelo bezwe buheha abavakashi abeza ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokuqwala izintaba e-Machu Picchu noma ukuhlola umfula i-Amazon. Umnotho wasePeru ungomunye weminotho yaseNingizimu Melika ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu enemikhakha ehlanganisa ezezimayini (ikakhulukazi ithusi), ezokukhiqiza (izindwangu), ezolimo (amazambane angenye yezitshalo zawo eziyinhloko), kanye nezinsizakalo (zokuvakasha). Ukuthekelisa imikhiqizo efana nekhopha, igolide, ubhontshisi wekhofi, izindwangu kanye nemikhiqizo yezinhlanzi kusize ukukhulisa umnotho wasePeru eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ngokwamasiko, iPeru inomlando ocebile owahlehlela emuva ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka. Kwake kwaba yikhaya lempucuko yasendulo efana ne-Inca Empire eyakha izakhiwo ezihlaba umxhwele njenge-Machu Picchu. Namuhla, isiko lasePeruvia lihlanganisa amasiko omdabu namathonya avela kukoloniyalizim yaseSpain. I-Cuisine idlala indima ebalulekile namasiko asePeruvia. Izidlo zendabuko zihlanganisa i-ceviche (inhlanzi eluhlaza efakwe amajusi e-citrus), i-lomo saltado (isitsha esishisayo esinenyama yenkomo), ama-anticuchos (ama-skewers athosiwe) kanye ne-pisco sour (i-cocktail eyenziwe nge-brandy yamagilebhisi). Sekukonke, i-Peru inikeza izivakashi izindawo ezimangalisayo ezisukela ezingwadule ezisogwini kuya ezintabeni eziphakeme kanye nesigcawu esinempilo esibungaza amasiko asendulo namathonya esimanjemanje.
Imali Yezwe
Imali yasePeru yiPeruvian Sol (PEN). I-sol iwuhlobo lwemali olusemthethweni lwasePeru futhi ifushaniswa ngokuthi S/. Yasungulwa ngo-1991, ithatha indawo ye-Peruvian Inti. I-Peruvian Sol ikhishwa i-Central Reserve Bank yasePeru (BCR), elawula ukunikezwa kwayo ukuze kugcinwe ukuzinza nokuvimbela ukwehla kwamandla emali. Inhloso yebhange ukugcina inani le-sol lizinzile uma liqhathaniswa nezimali ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe. Ama-banknote ePeru afika ngamahlelo angu-10, 20, 50, kanye namasoli ayi-100. Umthethosivivinywa ngamunye uhlanganisa abantu abavelele abavela emlandweni wasePeru noma amasayithi abalulekile amasiko. Izinhlamvu zemali nazo ziyasetshenziswa futhi zitholakala kumahlelo ka-1, 2, no-5 soles, kanye namanani amancane afana nama-centimos. I-Peru isebenzisa umnotho osuselwa kukheshi namabhizinisi amaningi amukela izinkokhelo zemali ngokuthengiselana kwedijithali. Nokho, amakhadi esikweletu amukelwa kabanzi emadolobheni amakhulu nasezindaweni zokuvakasha. Lapho ushintsha imali yangaphandle ukuze uthole ama-Peruvian soles, ngokuvamile kungcono kakhulu ukwenza kanjalo ngamahhovisi okushintshanisa agunyaziwe noma amabhange ukuze uqinisekise amanani afanelekile. Ukwengeza, ama-ATM avame ukutholakala kuzo zonke izindawo zasemadolobheni lapho izivakashi zingakhipha khona imali yendawo zisebenzisa amakhadi azo edebhithi noma esikweletu. Kubalulekile ukuthi abahambi baqaphele lapho bephethe imali ePeru ngenxa yezikweletu zomgunyathi ezisatshalaliswa. Ukuqapha lapho uthola ushintsho noma uthenga ngezikweletu ezinkulu kungasiza ekunciphiseni noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona. Sekukonke, ukuqonda ukuthi i-Peruvian Sol isebenza kanjani ingazisiza izivakashi lapho zihlela izimali zazo phakathi nokuhlala kwazo kuleli zwe elihle laseNingizimu Melika.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali esemthethweni yasePeru yiPeruvian Sol (PEN). Ngokuqondene namazinga okushintshanisa ngemali enkulu yomhlaba, sicela uqaphele ukuthi lawa manani angashintshashintsha nsuku zonke. Izilinganiso zokushintshanisa kusukela [ngosuku oluthile] yilezi: - 1 US Dollar (USD) = X Peruvian Sol (PEN) - 1 Euro (EUR) = X Peruvian Sol (PEN) - 1 Upondo WaseBrithani (GBP) = X Peruvian Sol (PEN) Sicela ukhumbule ukuthi lezi zibalo zingase zingabi sesikhathini samanje futhi kuyanconywa ukuthi uhlole nomthombo othembekile noma isikhungo sezezimali ukuze uthole amanani okushintshanisa anembile namanje.
Amaholide Abalulekile
I-Peru iyizwe elicebile ngokwesiko elinezinhlobonhlobo zemikhosi nemigubho unyaka wonke. Omunye umkhosi ophawulekayo yi-Inti Raymi, egujwa ngoJuni 24. I-Inti Raymi, okusho ukuthi "Umkhosi Welanga," idumisa unkulunkulu welanga wama-Inca, u-Inti. Phakathi nalo mkhosi, owaqala ezikhathini zasendulo zama-Inca futhi kamuva wavuselelwa ekhulwini lama-20, abantu bendawo bagqoka imvunulo yesintu futhi balingise amasiko ahlukahlukene abonisa inhlonipho ngemvelo nezolimo. Umcimbi omkhulu wenzeka eSacsayhuamán, inqaba yama-Incan eduze kwaseCusco. Udwendwe oluholwa abantu abafana nombusi abamele abalingiswa bomlando be-Inca bafika esigcawini esikhulu lapho iminikelo yenziwa khona kunkulunkulu welanga. Omunye umkhosi obalulekile ePeru yi-Fiestas Patrias, eyaziwa nangokuthi uSuku Lokuzimela, olwenziwa ngoJulayi 28th kanye no-29th njalo ngonyaka. Leli holide likhumbula ukuzimela kwePeru ekubuseni iSpanishi ngo-1821. Le migubho ihlanganisa imibukiso emibalabala ehlanganisa umculo wesintu nemidanso evela ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zasePeru. Omunye umkhosi oyingqayizivele odonsa ukunaka kwamazwe ngamazwe yiNkosi Yezimangaliso (Señor de los Milagros). Kugujwa ngo-Okthoba endaweni yase-Lima e-Barrios Altos, kudonsela izigidi zabalandeli abazinikele abamasha emigwaqweni begqoke izingubo ezinsomi behlonipha umdwebo omkhulu obonisa uKristu odwetshwe emuva ngezikhathi zamakholoni. Lolu dwendwe lwezenkolo lubonisa isibopho esiqinile phakathi kokholo namasiko. Ngokungeziwe kule mikhosi emikhulu, kuneminye imikhosi eminingi yesifunda egqamisa amasiko endawo njengemikhosi yeCorpus Christi eCusco noma i-La Vendimia yokuvuna umkhosi obanjwa njalo ngoMashi. Le mikhosi ayinikezi nje kuphela ithuba abantu basePeruvia ukuthi bahloniphe amagugu abo amasiko kodwa futhi inikeza izivakashi ulwazi olujulile ngesiko lasePeruvia ngokubonisa umculo ophilayo, imvunulo ebabazekayo, ukudla okumnandi okufana ne-ceviche noma i-anticuchos (inhliziyo yenkomo egosiwe e-skewered), nobuciko obuhlukile. kanye nemisebenzi yezandla.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
I-Peru iyizwe laseNingizimu Melika elinomnotho ohlukahlukene futhi osebenzayo. Yaziwa ngengcebo yayo yemvelo ecebile, okuhlanganisa amaminerali, ezolimo, nokudoba. Amaminerali adlala indima enkulu emnothweni wasePeru, kanti ithusi lihamba phambili ezweni elithunyelwa ngaphandle. I-Peru ingenye yabakhiqizi abahamba phambili emhlabeni wonke bethusi, futhi ibamba ingxenye enkulu yesamba sayo esithunyelwa ngaphandle. Ezinye izimbiwa ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zihlanganisa i-zinc, igolide, isiliva, nomthofu. Ezolimo nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wezohwebo wasePeru. Izwe lidume ngemikhiqizo yalo yezolimo njengekhofi, ubhontshisi kakhokho, izithelo (kuhlanganise nokwatapheya), kanye nemikhiqizo yezinhlanzi (njengama-anchovies). Lezi zimpahla zezolimo zithunyelwa emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. I-Peru yenze imizamo yokwehlukanisa isisekelo sayo sokuthekelisa ngokugxila ekuthumeleni okungezona okwendabuko njengezindwangu nezinto zokugqoka. Imboni yezindwangu ibone ukukhula okuphawulekayo eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yezindleko zokukhiqiza ezincintisanayo kanye nemikhiqizo yezinga eliphezulu. Ngaphezu kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, iPeru iphinde izibandakanye ekuthengisweni okuvela emazweni ahlukahlukene ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo sasekhaya sezimpahla ezifana nemishini nemishini, imikhiqizo kaphethiloli, izingxenye zezimoto, ama-tics,, izinto zikagesi, nezimpahla zabathengi. Ozakwethu abakhulu bezohwebo bePeru bahlanganisa i-China (okuyindawo enkulu kunazo zonke yokuthunyelwa kwe-Peruvia kwamanye amazwe), i-United States (esebenza njengomthombo wokungenisa impahla kanye nendawo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe), i-Brazil (okunobudlelwano obuqinile bokuhweba bamazwe amabili), amazwe e-European Union njengeSpain. ,kanye neChile( uma kubhekwa ukuba seduze kwabo). Uhulumeni wasePeru usebenzise izinqubomgomo okuhloswe ngazo ukukhuthaza ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngokusayina izivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala namazwe amaningana emhlabeni jikelele. Lezi zivumelwano ziye zasiza ekudaleni izimo ezinhle zokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe nokwandisa ukubambisana kwezomnotho phakathi kwamazwe. Sekukonke, isimo sokuhwebelana ePeru sihlala siqinile ngenxa yohlu lwazo lwemithombo yemvelo ehlukahlukene, amaketanga okuhlinzeka okuthembekile, ubudlelwano obuqinile bokuhweba, nezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezivumayo ezikhuthaza ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
I-Peru iyizwe elinamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe zohwebo lwangaphandle. Indawo yayo yamasu eNingizimu Melika, kanye nemithombo yayo yemvelo ecebile kanye nomnotho okhulayo, kuyenza ibe indawo ekhangayo yamabhizinisi omhlaba. Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zasePeru uhla lwayo oluhlukahlukene lwemikhiqizo ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Leli zwe lidume ngemboni yezimayini, njengoba lingelinye lamazwe akhiqiza kakhulu ithusi, isiliva, i-zinc negolide. Ukwengeza, iPeru inomkhakha wezolimo ochumayo othumela ngaphandle impahla efana nekhofi, ubhontshisi kakhokho, ukwatapheya, ne-asparagus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iPeru ibilokhu iphishekela izivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala (ama-FTA) namazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izivumelwano ne-United States ngeSivumelwano Sokuphromothwa Kwezohwebo sase-United States-Peru (i-PTPA) kanye namazwe amaningana ase-Asia ngokusebenzisa Isivumelwano Esibanzi Neqhubekayo se-Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). Lawa ma-FTA ahlinzeka ngezimo ezivumayo kumabhizinisi angaphandle ukuze afinyelele izimakethe zasePeruvia ngokunciphisa imigoqo yokuhweba. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iPeru iphinde yagxila ekuhlukaniseni abalingani bayo bokuhweba ngale kwezimakethe zendabuko ezifana ne-United States ne-China. Iqinise ubudlelwano bezomnotho namazwe aseLatin America njengeBrazil neMexico ngenkathi ibheka amathuba amasha ezimakethe ezisafufusa njenge-India neMalaysia. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda kubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekwandiseni amakhono ePeru ohwebo lwangaphandle. Amaphrojekthi afana nokwandiswa kwamachweba nezikhumulo zezindiza athuthukise ukuxhumana nezimakethe zomhlaba. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kusiza ukusebenza ngempumelelo ngesikhathi kuheha izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi zitshale izimali noma ziqinisekise ubukhona bazo ezweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iPeru inikeza isimo esikhangayo sokutshala izimali ngenxa yesimo sayo sezombusazwe esizinzile kanye nezinqubomgomo ezisekela amabhizinisi. Uhulumeni usebenzise izinhlelo zokuheha abatshalizimali bangaphandle ngokunikeza izikhuthazo ezifana nekhefu lentela kanye nezinqubo ezilula zokuphatha. Sekukonke, nezinhlobonhlobo zayo zemikhiqizo ethunyelwa ngaphandle ehlanganiswe nezivumelwano zohwebo ezivumayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesimo sokutshalwa kwezimali; kusobala ukuthi iPeru inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe zohwebo lwangaphandle.Lokhu kuyenza ibe indawo ehehayo yamabhizinisi omhlaba afuna amathuba eNingizimu Melika.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo edumile ezothunyelwa ePeru, kunezici ezimbalwa okufanele zicatshangelwe. Ngokuqonda imakethe yendawo kanye nokuthandwa ngabathengi, amabhizinisi angenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nalokho okuthengisa kahle emakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yasePeru. Enye imboni eyenza kahle ePeru ezolimo. Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esihlukahlukene nomhlaba ovundile, leli zwe likhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yezolimo yezinga eliphezulu njengequinoa, ukwatapheya, ikhofi nokhokho. Lezi zinto zithole ukuduma kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngenxa yokunambitheka kwazo okuyingqayizivele kanye nezinzuzo zezempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi yezandla isiphinde yaba yimpahla efunwa kakhulu ezimakethe zomhlaba. Izingcweti zasePeruvia zaziwa ngekhono lazo lokukhiqiza imisebenzi yezandla yendabuko zisebenzisa amasu adluliswa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Imikhiqizo efana nezingubo zoboya be-alpaca, izitsha zobumba, ubucwebe obenziwe ngesiliva noma amatshe ayigugu konke kwaziswa kakhulu izivakashi nabaqoqi ngokufanayo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isidingo sempahla eco-friendly sibone ukukhula okuphawulekayo emhlabeni jikelele. Lo mkhuba unikeza ithuba kubathumeli bangaphandle basePeruvia abanganikeza ezinye izindlela ezisimeme ezivela ezintweni zemvelo ezifana noqalo noma ukotini wemvelo. Esinye isici okufanele icatshangelwe isiko lasePeruvia ngokwalo elinikeza amathuba okukhangisa izingubo zendabuko njengezindwangu zase-Andean noma izingubo zemikhosi ezigqugquzelwe amasiko endabuko afana noMbuso Wama-Inca. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngentshisekelo ekhulayo yempilo nokunakekelwa komuntu siqu emhlabeni jikelele, izithako zomdabu zasePeru zingasetshenziswa ukwakha imikhiqizo yemvelo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba kusetshenziswa izinto ezifana ne-quinoa ekhishwe noma amakhambi ase-Andean anezinto zokwelapha. Okokugcina kodwa okubalulekile, ukunaka izitayela zamanje zomhlaba jikelele kubalulekile ngenkathi kukhethwa imikhiqizo ngezinjongo zokuthumela ngaphandle kungaba eze-elekthronikhi, izingubo zemfashini noma ukudla okuphezulu kakhulu njll., ukulungisa ububanzi bomkhiqizo ngokuya kungenza ukuba kube nenzuzo ezithakazelweni zabathengi ezikhona emhlabeni jikelele,. Sengiphetha,, abathumeli bangaphandle abahlose ukuchuma emakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yasePeru kufanele bacabangele izici ezifana namandla ezolimo asendaweni, izinqubo eziqhubekayo, ukwazisa amagugu esintu, nezinkambiso zomhlaba wonke. Nakuba lo mbhalo onamagama angu-300 uhlinzeka kuphela ngesifinyezo sezigaba zomkhiqizo ezingase zibe khona ezithengisiwe. ngempumelelo ngaphakathi kwemakethe yezohwebo yangaphandle yasePeru., ukwenza ucwaningo olwengeziwe lwemakethe nokusebenzisana nabalingani bebhizinisi basekhaya kuzoqinisekisa ukuqonda okungcono kokukhethwa kwemikhiqizo enenzuzo kakhulu ezothunyelwa ngaphandle.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
I-Peru, eseNingizimu Melika, iyizwe elicebile ngokwesiko elinezici zamakhasimende ezihlukile kanye nokungamukeleki komphakathi. Uma kukhulunywa ngezici zekhasimende ePeru, ukungenisa izihambi nemfudumalo kwaziswa kakhulu. Amakhasimende asePeruvia avame ukubeka phambili ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu kanye nokwethembana lapho enza imisebenzi yebhizinisi. Ukwakha ubuhlobo nokusungula ubudlelwano besikhathi eside kubalulekile ngaphambi kokuxoxa nganoma yiziphi izindaba zebhizinisi. Ukwengeza, ukubekezela kubalulekile ngenkathi usebenza namakhasimende asePeruvia njengoba evame ukukhetha indlela ekhululekile yezingxoxo. Abantu basePeru baphinde bathokozele isevisi enhle nokunaka imininingwane. Ukunikeza isevisi yamakhasimende enhle kakhulu kungahamba ibanga elide ekwaneliseni izidingo zabo. Kubalulekile ukubhekana nezinkinga zabo ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ama-taboos athile okufanele agwenywe ngenkathi usebenzisana namakhasimende asePeruvia. Okokuqala, ukudingida ipolitiki noma ukugxeka isimo sepolitiki yezwe kufanele kugwenywe ngoba kungase kudale ukushuba kwesimo noma ukucasuka ngenxa yemibono ehlukene. Okwesibili, inkolo ingesinye isihloko esibucayi okufanele siphathwe ngokucophelela. IPeru inezinkolelo ezijulile futhi ubuKatolika buyinkolo evelele elandelwa izakhamuzi eziningi. Kungcono ukuthi ungakhulumi ngenkolo ngaphandle uma uqalwe yikhasimende. Okwesithathu, gwema ukukhuluma ngokungafani kwezenhlalo nezomnotho noma ukungalingani kwengcebo ePeru njengoba lokhu kungabonakala njengokungahloniphi noma okuhlaselayo. Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umndeni udlala indima ebalulekile emphakathini wasePeruvia. Noma yikuphi ukuphawula noma izenzo ezingahloniphi izindinganiso zomndeni wothile zingase zithathwe ngokungathi sína futhi zilimaze ubudlelwano bakho bebhizinisi. Sengiphetha, ukuqonda izici zekhasimende lasePeru kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenzelana okuyimpumelelo namakhasimende asePeruvia ngokwazisa indlela yawo yokungenisa izihambi egxile ekusebenzelaneni kwebhizinisi kuyilapho kuhlonishwa izihloko ezibucayi njengepolitiki, inkolo, ukungafani kwengcebo kanye namagugu omndeni.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
I-Peru yaziwa ngesiko layo eliyingqayizivele, izindawo ezimangalisayo, namagugu omlando. Uma uhlela ukuvakashela leli zwe elithakazelisayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda imithetho neziqondiso zamasiko zasePeru. I-Peru inezinhlelo ezithile zokuphatha amasiko ezikhona ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho bemingcele yayo nokuvikela ukuphepha kwezwe. Lapho befika kunoma yisiphi isikhumulo sezindiza sasePeru noma itheku, abagibeli kudingeka bahambise Ifomu Lokumenyezelwa Kwempahla. Leli fomu kufanele lifake imininingwane emayelana nolwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu, inhloso yokuvakashela, inani lempahla yakho (kuhlanganise nezipho), kanye nohlu lwezinto ezivinjelwe noma ezinqatshelwe oziphethe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iPeru ibeka imingcele ezintweni ezithile ezibhekwa njengezingekho emthethweni noma eziyingozi. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa izibhamu, izidakamizwa, imikhiqizo yezolimo ngaphandle kwesitifiketi esifanele, imikhiqizo yezilwane ezisengozini (efana nezinyo lendlovu), izimpahla zomgunyathi, nezinto zokugebenga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemikhawulo enanini lezimpahla zamahhala umuntu angaziletha ePeru. Okwamanje, izivakashi zingaletha amalitha angu-2 otshwala (iwayini noma i-spirit) kanye nogwayi abangu-200 ngaphandle kokukhokhiswa izintela ezengeziwe noma imisebenzi. Ukweqa la manani kungase kuphumele ekuhlawulisweni noma ekuthathweni yiziphathimandla zentela. Abahambi kufanele futhi baqaphele ukuthi iPeru inemithethonqubo eqinile ephathelene nezinto zakudala zemivubukulo kanye nezinto zamagugu zamasiko. Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukuthekelisa noma yiziphi izinsalela zemivubukulo ezivela ePeru ngaphandle uma uthole ukugunyazwa okufanele kwabaphathi abahambisanayo. Ukuze kube lula inqubo ebushelelezi ezindaweni zokuhlola amasiko ePeruvia: 1. Qiniseka ukuthi zonke izincwadi zokuhamba ezidingekayo njengamaphasipoti nama-visa ziyasebenza. 2. Zijwayeze nemikhawulo yezinto ezikhawulelwe/ezinqatshelwe. 3. Memezela zonke izinto ezibalulekile ngokunembayo eFomu Lokumenyezelwa Kwempahla Ethengiswayo. 4. Gwema ukweqa imikhawulo yamahhala yotshwala nemikhiqizo kagwayi. 5. Ungazami ukukhipha noma yiziphi izinto zamasiko ePeru ngaphandle kokugunyazwa okufanele. Ngokunamathela kule mihlahlandlela lapho zihamba ezindaweni zokuhlola amasiko ePeruvia, izivakashi zingaqinisekisa uhambo olujabulisayo kuyilapho zihlonipha imithetho yesizwe futhi zilondolozela amagugu amasiko ezizukulwane ezizayo.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
Inqubomgomo yentela yokungenisa yasePeru ihlose ukulawula nokulawula ukungena kwezimpahla zangaphandle ezweni. Uhulumeni ubeka izintela ezivela kwamanye amazwe njengendlela yokuvikela izimboni zasekhaya, ukukhangisa imikhiqizo yasekhaya kanye nokwenza imali. Izilinganiso zentela yokungenisa e-Peru ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo ongeniswayo. Kunezigaba ezahlukene namashejuli entela anquma inani elisebenzayo. Ngokuvamile, izimpahla eziyisisekelo ezifana nokudla, imithi, nemishini zinezilinganiso zentela eziphansi noma zingase zingakhokhiswa intela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwazo ngezintengo ezithengekayo. Kodwa-ke, izinto zikanokusho ezifana nogesi, izimoto, nezimpahla zabathengi ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngokuvamile zibhekana namazinga entela aphezulu. Inhloso wukunqanda ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kanye nokukhuthaza ezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza ekhaya. Abangenisi balezi zimpahla zikanokusho badinga ukukhokha inani elikhulu lezintela. I-Peru futhi inemithetho ethile ephathelene nemikhakha ekhethekile njengezolimo nezindwangu. Le mikhakha ithola ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ngezintela ezihlose ukuvikela abalimi basekhaya kanye nabakhiqizi ngokunciphisa ukuncintisana kubakhiqizi bangaphandle. Ukuze kuvikelwe izimboni zikazwelonke ngokuqhubekayo, i-Peru isebenzisa izithiyo ezingakhokhisi njengezabelo ekuthengisweni okuthile okudlula umkhawulo othize noma ezidinga izimvume ezikhethekile zokungena ezweni. Eminyakeni yakamuva, iPeru ibisebenzela ukukhulula ezohwebo ngokusayina izivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala namazwe ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Lezi zivumelwano zihlose ukwehlisa noma ukuqeda intela yokungenisa ezweni emikhiqizweni ethile ehwebelana phakathi kwamazwe abamba iqhaza. Sekukonke, inqubomgomo yentela yokungenisa yasePeru ihlose ukulingana phakathi kokuvikela izimboni zasekhaya kuyilapho ivumela ukufinyelela ezimpahleni ezidingekayo ngamanani aphusile ezakhamuzi zakhona.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
I-Peru iyizwe eliseNingizimu Melika elaziwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Izwe selisebenzise izinqubomgomo zentela eziningana ezihlobene nokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla emazweni angaphandle, okuhloswe ngazo ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho kanye nokuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe. Enye yezinqubomgomo zentela ezibalulekile e-Peru yi-General Sales Tax (IGV), esebenza emisebenzini eminingi yezohwebo, okuhlanganisa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa-ke, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngokuvamile kukhululwa kule ntela, njengoba kuthathwa njengempahla enesilinganiso esiyiqanda. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abathumeli bangaphandle akudingeki bakhokhe i-IGV emalini yabo yokuthengisa evela ekuthumeleni impahla. Ngaphezu kokukhululwa ku-IGV, iPeru iphinde inikeze izikhuthazo nezinzuzo ezihlukahlukene kubathumeli bangaphandle ngohlelo lwayo Lwezindawo Zohwebo Zamahhala (FTZ). Ama-FTZ yizindawo eziqokiwe lapho izinkampani zingangenisa khona izinto zokusetshenziswa noma izingxenye ezingakhokhiswa intela ngezinjongo zokukhiqiza. Imikhiqizo eqediwe ekhiqizwe phakathi kwalezi zindawo ingathunyelwa ngaphandle kokukhokha noma yiziphi izintela noma imisebenzi. I-Peru iphinde ikhuthaze ukuthunyelwa kwayo ngaphandle ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala (ama-FTA) ezisayinwe namazwe ahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Lezi zivumelwano zisusa noma zehlise izintela emikhiqizweni ethile ehwebelana phakathi kwePeru namazwe angozakwabo. Njengamanje, iPeru inama-FTA aneminotho emikhulu yomhlaba wonke njenge-United States, Canada, China, namalungu e-European Union. Ukuqhubekisela phambili ukukhulisa imisebenzi yokuthekelisa nokuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe, i-Peru inikeza izikhuthazo ezengeziwe ezifana nokukhululwa enteleni yemali engenayo ngenzuzo ekhiqizwe ekutshalweni kwezimali okusha emikhakheni ethile efana nezolimo nezimayini. Sekukonke, izinqubomgomo zentela yokuthekelisa yasePeru zihlose ukudala isimo esivumayo samabhizinisi ahweba ngamazwe ngamazwe ngokunikeza ukukhululwa enteleni noma amanani ancishisiwe emalini engenayo yokuthengisa etholwa ngokuthumela impahla. Lezi zinyathelo zikhuthaza izinkampani ukuthi zandise imisebenzi yazo yokuthumela ngaphandle kuyilapho ziheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe abafuna amathuba ezimakethe zasePeruvia.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
IPeru, izwe eliseNingizimu Melika, selizakhele udumo ngemikhiqizo yalo ehlukahlukene nesezingeni eliphezulu ethunyelwa emhlabeni wonke. Ukuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kanye nekhwalithi yokuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe, iPeru isebenzise izitifiketi ezihlukahlukene zokuthekelisa. Isitifiketi esisodwa esiphawulekayo sokuthekelisa ePeru yi-USDA Organic Certification. Lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yezolimo efana nekhofi, ukhokho, iquinoa, nezithelo ikhiqizwa ngokulandela imikhuba yokulima eqinile. Iqinisekisa ukuthi le mikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zokukhiqizwa kwezinto eziphilayo futhi ayiqukethe amakhemikhali okwenziwa noma ama-genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Ukwengeza, iPeru ihlinzeka ngesitifiketi se-Fairtrade ngokuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe kwezolimo. Lesi sitifiketi sigxile ekukhuthazeni amaholo afanelekile kanye nezimo ezingcono zokusebenza zabalimi kuyilapho sibeka phambili ukusimama kwemvelo. Ngokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuhweba ezinobulungiswa ezibekwe izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene, abathumeli bempahla basePeruvia bathola ukufinyelela ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe lapho abathengi bazisa khona ukutholakala kwezimiso zokuziphatha. I-Peru yaziwa nangemboni yayo yezimayini; ngakho-ke, linokuzinikela okuqinile ekuqinisekiseni izinqubo zezimayini ezinomthwalo wemfanelo ngokusebenzisa izitifiketi ezifana ne-ISO 14001: Environmental Management Systems (EMS). Lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi izinkampani zezimayini zisebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele eqhubekayo futhi zinciphisa umthelela wemvelo ngesikhathi sokumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kukhulunywa ngezindwangu nezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezivela embonini yezindwangu edumile yasePeru okuhlanganisa imikhiqizo yoboya be-alpaca noma izingubo zikakotini ze-Pima ezigunyazwe ngaphansi kwe-GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard). Isitifiketi se-GOTS siqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zindwangu zenziwe ngemicu yemvelo kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali ayingozi. Ukufingqa, izitifiketi zokuthekelisa zasePeru zihlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene kusukela kwezolimo kuya kwezindwangu nokunye. Lezi zitifiketi azibonisi nje izinga eliphezulu lezimpahla zasePeruvia kodwa futhi ziqinisekisa ukunamathela kwazo ezindinganisweni zamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nezinqubo zokuzinza, izimiso zokuhweba ezinobulungiswa uma zisebenza ezimbonini ezithile. Lokhu kugunyazwa kusiza abathumeli bempahla basePeruvia ukuthi basungule ukwethembana phakathi kwamakhasimende omhlaba ayanda afuna imikhiqizo etholakala ngendlela efanele kuyilapho enikela ngokuhle ekukhuleni komnotho ezweni.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Peru, eseNingizimu Melika, yaziwa ngomlando wayo ocebile kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo zemvelo. Njengezwe elinomnotho okhulayo, linikeza izinketho ezahlukene zempahla yamabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye. Uma kukhulunywa ngemikhumbi yamazwe ngamazwe, iPeru inamachweba amaningana amiswe kahle asiza imizila yokuhweba ephumelelayo. Ichweba laseCallao eLima liyichweba elikhulu nelimatasatasa ezweni, elinikeza ukufinyelela okulula kuzo zombili izinto zokuhamba emoyeni nezomhlaba. Isebenza njengesango lokungenisa nokuthumela izimpahla ePeru. Ngezinsizakalo zokuthutha ngendiza, Isikhumulo Sezindiza Samazwe Ngamazwe Sase-Jorge Chávez e-Lima iyindawo eyinhloko exhumanisa i-Peru nezindawo zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngengqalasizinda yesimanje kanye namatheminali ezimpahla eziningi, inikeza izinketho ezinokwethenjelwa zokuthutha impahla ebucayi noma enenani eliphezulu. Ukuze kuthuthwe izimpahla ngaphakathi kwezwe ngendlela efanele, iPeru inoxhaxha lwemigwaqo oluhlanganisa izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha. Umgwaqo iPan-American Highway unqamula ePeru usuka enyakatho uye eningizimu futhi uxhuma amadolobha amakhulu njengeLima, i-Arequipa, iCusco, neTrujillo. Ukwengeza, eminye imigwaqo ewuthelawayeka enakekelwa kahle ixhuma izindawo zezimboni ezibalulekile namazwe angomakhelwane njenge-Ecuador neChile. Mayelana nokuhamba ngololiwe, nakuba kungathuthukisiwe njengezinye izindlela zokuthutha ePeru namuhla, kwenziwa imizamo yokuthuthukisa lo mkhakha. Ujantshi wesitimela iFerrocarril Central Andino uxhuma iLima neHuancayo ezintabeni zase-Andes ngenkathi unikeza ezinye izixazululo zokuthutha impahla. Ukuqinisekisa izinqubo ezibushelelezi zokususa amasiko lapho ungenisa noma uthumela izimpahla zisuka/ziya ePeru; kuyatuseka ukuthi uxhumane nabathengisi bezimpahla abanolwazi abangasiza ngezidingo zamadokhumenti ngokunembile. Ukwengeza; ezinye izinkampani ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwezwe zihlinzeka ngezixazululo zochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngokuphela kuya ekupheleni okuhlanganisa izindawo zokugcina impahla ukuze zigcinwe ngokuphephile ngaphambi kokusatshalaliswa ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwePeru noma ngaphesheya kwemingcele. Kunconywa ukuthi abantu noma izinhlangano ezifuna izinsiza zokuthutha ezithembekile zihlole ngokucophelela izidingo zabo ezithile zokuthutha ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nezindleko zokuthutha ngokuqhathaniswa nezidingo zesikhathi sokulethwa. Ukufuna izingcaphuno kubahlinzeki besevisi abaningi kungasiza ekuhlonzeni ukunikezwa okuncintisanayo ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile. Sekukonke; ngenxa yendawo ekahle yokuxhuma iPacific Ocean neNingizimu Melika, iPeru inikeza izinketho eziningi zezokuthutha, okuhlanganisa amachweba, izikhumulo zezindiza, amanethiwekhi emigwaqo, kanye nokwenza ngcono ezokuthutha ngololiwe. Ukusebenzisana nabathumeli bempahla abanolwazi noma izinkampani zempahla kungaqinisekisa izinsizakalo zokuthumela ezisebenza kahle nezithembekile ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemingcele yePeru.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

I-Peru, eseNingizimu Melika, isivele njengendawo evelele yemibukiso yamazwe ngamazwe yokuthengwa kwempahla neyohwebo. Izwe linikeza imigudu ehlukahlukene ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa kwabathengi kanye noxhaxha lwemibukiso yezohwebo ebalulekile. Ake sihlole ezinye ezibalulekile ngezansi. 1. I-Lima Chamber of Commerce (CCL): I-Lima Chamber of Commerce idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni amathuba okuthenga amazwe ngamazwe ePeru. Bahlela imicimbi yokufanisa ibhizinisi, izikhathi zokuxhumana, kanye nemishini yohwebo, okuvumela abahlinzeki bendawo ukuthi baxhumane nabathengi bomhlaba. 2. Ikhomishana Yokuphromotha Ukuthunyelwa Kwempahla yasePeru (PROMPERÚ): I-PROMPERÚ iyisikhungo sikahulumeni esinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuthuthukisa ukuthunyelwa kwePeru emhlabeni jikelele. Isiza imihlangano yebhizinisi nebhizinisi futhi inikeze ubuhlakani bemakethe kulabo abangase babe abathengi abathanda imikhiqizo yasePeruvia. 3. I-Expoalimentaria: I-Expoalimentaria iwumbukiso omkhulu wokuhweba wokudla neziphuzo e-Latin America obanjwa minyaka yonke e-Lima. Iheha abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna imikhiqizo yezolimo yasePeru yekhwalithi ephezulu efana nekhofi, iquinoa, ubhontshisi kakhokho, ukudla kwasolwandle, izithelo ezintsha, nezinto eziphilayo. 4. I-Perumin - Ingqungquthela Yezimayini: Njengelinye lamazwe ahamba phambili ngezimayini emhlabeni, iPeru isingathe i-Perumin Mining Convention kabili ngonyaka e-Arequipa. Lo mbukiso wezimayini uhlanganisa izinkampani zezimayini zomhlaba wonke ezifuna amathuluzi emishini, izixazululo zobuchwepheshe, izinsiza zokubonisana ezihlobene nokuhlola noma amaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa imayini. 5. I-PERUMIN Business Matchmaking Platform: Ihlelwe yi-Peruvian Institute of Mining Engineers (IIMP), le nkundla ixhuma abahlinzeki nabangase babe amaklayenti emboni yezimayini abathamela imihlangano ye-PERUMIN cishe noma ngokomzimba unyaka wonke. 6.I-Catalogue Exports evela e-Peru - I-Virtual Business Roundtables: Le nkundla inika amandla imicimbi yokufanisa ibhizinisi lapho abathengi bengakwazi ukuhlanganyela ngokuqondile nabathekelisi basePeruvia kuyo yonke imikhakha efana nezindwangu nezingubo; ezokudoba & nezasemanzini; ukudla okugayiwe; ifenisha & ukuhlobisa ekhaya; imisebenzi yezandla; izimboni zensimbi ezihlanganisa imboni yobucwebe nezinye eziningi. 7.I-Textile Expo Premium: I-Textile Expo Premium wumbukiso waminyaka yonke wohwebo lwendwangu nemfashini owenziwa minyaka yonke e-Lima. Ibonisa izindwangu zasePeruvia, izingubo zokugqoka, nezindwangu zasekhaya kubabukeli bomhlaba wonke. Abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abathanda imikhiqizo yoboya be-alpaca yekhwalithi ephezulu, izingubo zikakotini zemvelo, nezinsiza zemfashini ezikhethekile bathola lokhu kufaneleka kukhanga ngokukhethekile. 8.AMATHUBA E-PERU: AMAKHONA E-PERU umbukiso wezohwebo waminyaka yonke ozinikele ekukhuthazeni izimboni ezigxile ekuthumeleni ePeruvia ezifana nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza, imikhiqizo yomkhakha wensimbi, izimpahla zesikhumba nezicathulo, imishini yemboni yepulasitiki nezinto zokwakha. 9.I-Peruvian International Mining Machinery Exhibition (EXPOMINA): I-EXPOMINA ihlinzeka ngenkundla kubahlinzeki bempahla yezimayini abadumile emhlabeni wonke kanye nezinsizakalo ukuze baxhumane nezingcweti zemboni yezimayini ezivela ePeru naphesheya. Kwenzeka njalo eminyakeni emibili eLima. 10.I-Peruvian International Industrial Fair (FIP): Igxile embukisweni wemishini yezimboni ehlanganiswe namathuba okuxhumana kwebhizinisi emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nobukhenikha bensimbi nezinqubo zokukhiqiza; ukupakisha; ubuchwepheshe bezimboni ezishintshayo; izixazululo zamandla ezikhuthaza ukuhlukahluka kwemikhakha ekhiqizayo yasePeru. Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa nje zeziteshi ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe nemibukiso yezohwebo etholakala ePeru. Ukuzibophezela kwezwe ekukhuthazeni izinhlobonhlobo zezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngalezi zinkundla kuyenza ibe indawo ekhangayo yemisebenzi yokuthengwa kwempahla emhlabeni jikelele.
E-Peru, izinjini zokusesha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo: 1. Google: Njengenjini yokusesha ehamba phambili emhlabeni wonke, i-Google isetshenziswa kakhulu nasePeru. Ukuze uyifinyelele, ungathayipha ku-www.google.com.pe. 2. I-Bing: I-Bing enye injini yokusesha edumile esetshenziswa ePeru nasemhlabeni jikelele. Ungavakashela ku-www.bing.com. 3. I-Yahoo: I-Yahoo iyinjini yokusesha eyaziwa kakhulu etholakala emazweni amaningi, kuhlanganise nePeru. Iwebhusayithi yayo yabasebenzisi basePeruvia ingatholakala ku-www.yahoo.com.pe. 4. Yandex: I-Yandex iyinjini yokusesha edabuka eRussia esethole ukuduma emhlabeni wonke futhi isiza abasebenzisi basePeru. Ukuze ufinyelele izinsiza ze-Yandex ePeru, vakashela ku-www.yandex.com. 5. I-DuckDuckGo: Yaziwa ngenqubomgomo yayo yobumfihlo eqinile kanye nesimo sokungalandeleli, i-DuckDuckGo isizuze ukuduma phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-inthanethi abakhathazekile ngobumfihlo be-inthanethi. Ungasebenzisa i-DuckDuckGo ngokuvakashela iwebhusayithi yayo ku-www.duckduckgo.com. 6. Sesha i-AOL: Nakuba ingasetshenziswa kakhulu njengezinye izinketho ezishiwo ngenhla, I-AOL Search inikezela ngomuzwa oqondile futhi osebenziseka kalula wokusesha. Ungafinyelela Usesho lwe-AOL ngokuya kokuthi https://search.aol.com/aol/webhome. 7. Buza iJeeves (Ask.com): Ngaphambilini eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Ask Jeeves, le njini yokusesha egxile ekuphenduleni imibuzo iphinde ibhekelele abasebenzisi basePeruvia. Ukuze usebenzise izinsiza ze-Ask, ungavakashela iwebhusayithi yabo kokuthi www.askjeeves.guru noma uvele ubuze.askjeeves.guru. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi ezinye zezinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa ePeru kodwa akulona uhlu oluphelele njengoba abantu bangase babe nokunye abakuthandayo noma izinketho ezithile ezihlobene nomkhakha lapho befuna ulwazi ku-inthanethi.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

I-Peru iyizwe elihle eNingizimu Melika elaziwa ngamasiko alo acebile, izindawo ezimangalisayo, namadolobha anempilo. Uma kuziwa ekutholeni imininingwane yokuxhumana noma ukufakwa kuhlu kwebhizinisi e-Peru, kunezinkomba ezimbalwa ezidumile zekhasi eliphuzi ezitholakalayo. Nawa amanye amakhasi aphuzi ayinhloko ePeru kanye namakheli abo ewebhusayithi: 1. I-Paginas Amarillas: Lena enye yezinkomba ezihamba phambili zamakhasi aphuzi e-Peru, enikeza uhlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi namasevisi kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Ungafinyelela iwebhusayithi yabo kokuthi https://www.paginasamarillas.com.pe/. 2. I-Google Bhizinisi Lami: Nakuba ingeyona inkomba eqondile yamakhasi aphuzi, i-Google Bhizinisi Lami inikeza isizindalwazi esibanzi samabhizinisi asebenza ePeru. Kuhlanganisa imininingwane yokuxhumana, ukubuyekezwa, ngisho nokuvumela abanikazi bamabhizinisi ukuthi baphathe ubukhona babo ku-inthanethi kalula. Iya ku-https://www.google.com/intl/es-419/business/ ukuze uhlole le nkundla. 3. I-Perudalia: Lolu hlu lwemibhalo lugxile emabhizinisini ahlobene nezokuvakasha njengamahhotela, izindawo zokudlela, ama-ejensi wezokuvakasha, nabaqhubi bezokuvakasha abatholakala kulo lonke elasePeru. Ungabavakashela ku-https://perudalia.com/. 4. I-Yellow Pages World: Njengenkomba yebhizinisi ye-inthanethi yamazwe ngamazwe ehlanganisa amazwe amaningi kuhlanganise ne-Peru; inikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nezinkampani ngokusekelwe ezigabeni ezithile noma izindawo ngaphakathi kwezwe. Ukufakwa kuhlu kwabo kwePeruvia kungafinyelelwa ku-https://www.yellowpagesworld.com/peru/ 5.I-Census Digitel Search 2030611+: Iqhutshwa yi-National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI), le nkundla ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe izinombolo zocingo zokuhlala ngaphakathi kwezwe besebenzisa igama noma ikheli lomuntu othile. Bheka ku-https://aplicaciones007.jne.gob.pe/srop_publico/Consulta/AfiliadoEstadoAfiliadoConsultasVoto2020/Index lapho uzothola khona imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nale sevisi. Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zezinkomba zekhasi eliphuzi ezitholakala ePeru. Khumbula ukuthi lezi nkundla zingase zibe nezici ezihlukile futhi zigxile ezimbonini ezithile, ngakho-ke kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlola izinsiza eziningi lapho ufuna imininingwane yokuxhumana noma amabhizinisi ePeru.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

EPeru, kunezinkundla ezimbalwa ezivelele ze-e-commerce lapho abantu bengathenga khona izimpahla nezinsizakalo ku-inthanethi. Lezi zinkundla zinikeza indlela elula yokuthi abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi bazibandakanye ekuthengeni ku-inthanethi. Nawa amanye amapulatifomu amakhulu we-e-commerce ePeru: 1. I-Mercado Libre (www.mercadolibre.com.pe): I-Mercado Libre ingenye yamawebhusayithi amakhulu we-e-commerce e-Latin America futhi isebenza kakhulu nasePeru. Abasebenzisi bangathola inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo efana nogesi, izingubo zokugqoka, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, nokunye. 2. I-Linio (www.linio.com.pe): I-Linio iyindawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi enikezela ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ezigabeni ezihlukene ezihlanganisa imfashini, izinto zikagesi, imikhiqizo yobuhle, izinto ezibalulekile zasekhaya, nokunye. 3. I-Ripley (www.ripley.com.pe): I-Ripley iwuchungechunge lwezitolo oludumile ePeru oluphinde lube nenkundla ye-inthanethi ebanzi enikeza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene njengezingubo, izinto zikagesi, izinto zefenisha, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, nokunye. 4. I-Oechsle (www.tienda.Oechsle.pe): I-Oechsle ingenye inkampani eyaziwa kakhulu yokudayisa yasePeru enikeza amakhasimende ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene kwemikhiqizo ehlanganisa izinto zemfashini zabesilisa nabesifazane kanye nempahla yasendlini. 5. IPlaza Vea Online (https://tienda.plazavea.com.pe/): IPlaza Vea Online ingeyezitolo ezinkulu ezibizwa ngeSupermercados Peruanos SA futhi yenza amakhasimende akwazi ukuthenga igilosa nezinye izinto ezibalulekile emakhaya noma emahhovisi awo. 6. I-Falabella (www.falabella.com.pe): I-Falabella ingenye yezinkampani ezinkulu ezithengisa e-Latin America ezisebenza kokubili izitolo ezibonakalayo kanye nenkundla ye-inthanethi enikeza izigaba zemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene njengamadivayisi ezobuchwepheshe, izesekeli zemfashini noma izindatshana zokuhlobisa ikhaya. Lezi ezinye nje zezibonelo zamapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce atholakala ePeru; nokho kungase kube nabanye abadlali abancane noma abaqondene ne-niche ethile okufanele babahlole ngokusekelwe kokuncanyelwayo komuntu ngamunye noma izidingo.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

I-Peru, izwe elicebile ngamasiko eNingizimu Melika, inezinkundla zokuxhumana ezihlukahlukene ezidumile phakathi kwabantu bakhona. Lezi zinkundla zivumela abantu basePeru ukuthi baxhumane, babelane ngolwazi, futhi bahlale benolwazi lwakamuva ngamathrendi akamuva. Nazi ezinye zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ePeru: 1. I-Facebook - https://www.facebook.com: Ngokungangabazeki enye yezingosi zokuxhumana ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, i-Facebook isetshenziswa kabanzi nasePeru. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze amaphrofayili, baxhumane nabangane nomndeni, babelane ngezithombe namavidiyo, bajoyine amaqembu kanye nemicimbi. 2. I-Twitter - https://twitter.com: I-Twitter ingenye inkundla esetshenziswa kabanzi ePeru yokubuyekezwa kwezindaba ezisheshayo nokwabelana ngemilayezo emifushane ebizwa ngokuthi "ama-tweets." Abasebenzisi basePeruvia basebenzisa i-Twitter ukulandela izitolo zezindaba zendawo, osaziwayo, izikhulu zikahulumeni, futhi bazibandakanye ezingxoxweni besebenzisa ama-hashtag. 3. I-Instagram - https://www.instagram.com: I-Instagram iyinkundla esekelwe ezibukweni egxile ekwabelaneni ngezithombe namavidiyo. Abantu basePeru basebenzisa i-Instagram ukukhombisa ubuhlakani babo ngezithombe zobuciko noma ukubhala izimpilo zabo zansuku zonke besebenzisa izindaba noma okuthunyelwe. 4. I-YouTube - https://www.youtube.com.pe: Njengenye yezinkundla ezihamba phambili zokwabelana ngamavidiyo emhlabeni jikelele, i-YouTube nayo idume kakhulu ePeru. Abantu bayisebenzisela ukubuka izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuqukethwe njengamavidiyo omculo, ama-vlog (amabhulogi evidiyo), okokufundisa noma amavidiyo okufundisa. 5.- I-LinkedIn - https://pe.linkedin.com/: I-LinkedIn iyisizindalwazi sokuxhumana lapho abantu basePeru bengakwazi ukuxhumana nabanye ngaphakathi kwemboni yabo noma bathole amathuba emisebenzi ngokudala amaphrofayili ochwepheshe agqamisa amakhono abo nolwazi lwabo. 6.- I-TikTok-https://www.tiktok.com/: I-TikTok isidume kakhulu entsheni yasePeru ngenxa yamavidiyo ayo amile afushane anokuqukethwe okuhlukile kokuqamba okufana nemidanso noma iziketi zamahlaya. 7.- WhatsApp-https://www.whatsapp.com/: Nakuba ingacatshangwa ngokuqinile njengenkundla yezokuxhumana ngomzuzwana kodwa kakhulu njengohlelo lokusebenza lwemiyalezo esheshayo , i-WhatsApp ivame kakhulu phakathi kwamaPeruvia kokubili ukuxhumana komuntu siqu kanye nebhizinisi. Abantu bayisebenzisela ukuthumela umbhalo, ukushaya amakholi, nokwabelana ngamafayela emidiya. Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zezinkundla zokuxhumana eziningi abantu basePeru abazisebenzisayo ekuxhumaneni kwabo komphakathi kanye nokuxhumana. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuduma kwalezi zinkundla kungahluka kuye ngokuthandwa ngabanye kanye namathrendi ngaphakathi kwezwe.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

I-Peru, izwe eliseNingizimu Melika, inezinhlangano eziningana ezinkulu zezimboni ezimele imikhakha eyahlukene yomnotho wayo. Lezi zinhlangano zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni nasekuvikeleni izintshisekelo zezimboni zabo. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano eziyinhloko zezimboni ePeru kanye namawebhusayithi abo: 1. I-Sociedad Nacional de Minería, Petróleo y Energía (National Society of Mining, Petroleum, and Energy) - Le nhlangano imele imikhakha yezimayini, ye-petroleum, neyamandla e-Peru. Iwebhusayithi http://www.snmp.org.pe/ 2. I-Confederación Nacional de Instituciones Empresariales Privadas (Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yezikhungo Zamabhizinisi Azimele) - Yinhlangano eqoqa amagumbi amabhizinisi ahlukene avela ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi azimele. Iwebhusayithi http://www.confiep.org.pe/ 3. I-Cámara Peruana de la Construcción (I-Peruvian Chamber of Construction) - Le nhlangano igxile ekukhuthazeni nasekuthuthukiseni umkhakha wokwakha ePeru. Iwebhusayithi https://www.capeco.org/ 4. I-Asociación de Exportadores del Perú (Inhlangano Yabathekelisi basePeru) - Imele izithakazelo futhi ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kokuthekelisa kwePeruvia. Iwebhusayithi http://www.adexperu.org.pe/ 5. I-Sociedad Nacional de Industrias (National Society Of Industries) - Le nhlangano imele izinkampani ezikhiqizayo nezimboni ezisebenza ePeru. Iwebhusayithi https://sni.org.pe/ 6. I-Asociación Gastronómica del Perú (Gastronomic Association Of Peru) - Ikhuthaza ukudla kwasePeruvia kanye nezintshisakalo zezindawo zokudlela nabahlinzeki bezinsiza zokudla. Iwebhusayithi http://agaperu.com/ 7. I-Asociación Internacional Para el Estudio Del Queso Manchego en Tacna (Inhlangano Yomhlaba Wonke ye-Manchego Cheese Study e-Tacna) - Le nhlangano igxile ekukhuthazeni ukukhiqizwa koshizi we-Manchego ikakhulukazi esifundeni sase-Tacna. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lolu hlu aluphelele, futhi kungase kube nezinye izinhlangano ezimbalwa zezimboni ePeru ezimele imikhakha eyahlukene.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi ezomnotho nezohwebo ePeru kanye nama-URL awo afanele: 1. Umnyango Wezomnotho Nezezimali (Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas) - http://www.mef.gob.pe/ Le webhusayithi esemthethweni kahulumeni ihlinzeka ngolwazi ngezinqubomgomo zezomnotho, ukuphathwa kwezimali, isabelomali somphakathi, nemithethonqubo yezezimali ePeru. 2. I-Peruvian Chamber of Commerce (Cámara de Comercio de Lima) - https://www.camaralima.org.pe/ Le webhusayithi inikezela ngezinsiza eziningi zochwepheshe bebhizinisi, okuhlanganisa imibiko yocwaningo lwemakethe, izinkomba zebhizinisi, imibukiso yezohwebo nemicimbi, kanye nezinsizakalo zebhizinisi. 3. Tshala imali ePeru (Proinversión) - https://www.proinversion.gob.pe/ I-Proinversión iyi-ejensi yangasese ekhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali enesibopho sokuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwangaphandle ePeru. Isizindalwazi sabo sihlinzeka ngolwazi ngamathuba okutshalwa kwezimali emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nezimayini, ezamandla, ezokuvakasha, nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda. 4. Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yezimboni (Sociedad Nacional de Industrias) - https://sni.org.pe/ Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yalesi sikhungo imele osomabhizinisi bezimboni ePeru. Ihlinzeka ngezibuyekezo zezindaba mayelana nemisebenzi yezimboni, imikhankaso yokumela inqubomgomo ehlobene nezindaba zomkhakha wokukhiqiza kanye nezinhlelo zokukhuthaza ukuncintisana. 5. Inhlangano yabathumela kwamanye amazwe (Asociación de Exportadores del Perú) - https://www.adexperu.org.pe/ I-Association of Exporters isekela izinkampani zasePeruvia ezihweba ngamazwe ngamazwe ngokunikeza ukufinyelela kudathabhethi yezibalo zokuthekelisa kanye nokuhlela imisebenzi yohwebo nemibukiso. 6. I-Superintendency of Banking and Insurance (Superintendencia de Banca y Seguros) - https://www.sbs.gob.pe/ I-SBS ilawula amabhange, izinkampani zomshwalense, izimakethe zezibambiso eziqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwezimiso zomthetho ezisungulelwe izikhungo zezezimali ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwendawo yasePeru. Lawa mawebhusayithi anikezela ngezinsiza ezahlukahlukene kusukela kuzibuyekezo zenqubomgomo zabatshalizimali/osomabhizinisi abafuna amathuba noma abazama ukuqonda isimo somnotho ePeru. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlole lawa masayithi ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe kanye nolwazi lwakamuva.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi amaningana lapho ungathola khona idatha yokuhweba ngePeru. Nazi ezinye zazo: 1. I-Export Genius (www.exportgenius.in): Le webhusayithi ihlinzeka ngedatha yezohwebo enemininingwane kanye nezibalo mayelana nemakethe yokuthekelisa yase-Peru, okuhlanganisa imininingwane yokuthunyelwa, ukuhlaziya okuhlakaniphile komkhiqizo, namathrendi akamuva. 2. Imephu Yokuhweba (www.trademap.org): I-Trade Map iyinkundla esingethwe yi-International Trade Center (ITC) enikeza ukufinyelela kwizibalo zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nokungeniswayo nokuthekelisa kwePeru, ozakwethu, kanye nemikhiqizo emikhulu edayiswayo. 3. I-World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) (wits.worldbank.org): I-WITS iyinkundla eyakhiwe yiBhange Lomhlaba ehlinzeka ngemininingwane yohwebo yamazwe omhlaba wonke. Iqukethe imininingwane yohwebo enemininingwane mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwe-Peru kwamanye amazwe, ukungenisa, amaphrofayli entela, nezintela zangokwezifiso. 4. I-United Nations Comtrade Database (comtrade.un.org): Isizindalwazi se-UN Comtrade sinikeza ukufinyelela kwamahhala kudatha yezohwebo zomhlaba wonke evela emazweni angaphezu kuka-170. Ungathola imininingwane enemininingwane yezibalo zokungenisa nokuthekelisa zasePeru lapha kanye nezinye izinkomba zomnotho. 5. Iwebhusayithi yePeruvian Customs Superintendence (www.aduanet.gob.pe): Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yePeruvian Customs Superintendence ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole imininingwane yokungenisa nokuthekelisa ngokuqondile kusuka kusizindalwazi sabo ngesikhathi sangempela usebenzisa amakhodi eSistimu Evumelanayo noma imibandela ethile efana nebanga lezinsuku kanye amazwe abalingani. Lawa mawebhusayithi anikezela ngemithombo yedatha ethembekile ukuze uhlole ukuguquguquka kohwebo kwePeru mayelana nokungenisa, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ozakwethu, izimboni ezibandakanyekayo, nezinye izici ezifanele zezentengiselwano zamazwe ngamazwe ngaphakathi kwezwe.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

E-Peru, kunezinkundla ezimbalwa ze-B2B amabhizinisi angazisebenzisa ukuze axhumane nabangase babe ozakwethu, abahlinzeki, noma amakhasimende. Nalu uhlu lwamapulatifomu e-B2B avelele ePeru: 1. I-Alibaba Peru - https://peru.alibaba.com: I-Alibaba iyinkundla ye-B2B yomhlaba wonke lapho amabhizinisi avela ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene engaxhuma futhi ahwebe kwamanye amazwe. Inkundla ivumela amabhizinisi asePeruvia ukuthi abonise imikhiqizo yawo namasevisi kulabo abangase babe abathengi emhlabeni wonke. 2. I-Mercado Libre Empresas - https://empresas.mercadolibre.com.pe: I-Mercado Libre Empresas iyinkundla ye-e-commerce edumile e-Latin America, kuhlanganise ne-Peru. Ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ze-B2B zezinkampani ezifuna ukuthengisa imikhiqizo yazo ku-inthanethi ngaphakathi kwesifunda. 3. I-Compra Red - http://www.comprared.org: I-Compra Red iyinkundla yokuhweba eku-inthanethi eklanyelwe amabhizinisi asePeru. Ixhuma abathengi nabathengisi abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene, yenza kube lula ukuhwebelana kwezamabhizinisi ezweni. 4. I-TradeKey Peru - https://peru.tradekey.com: I-TradeKey isebenza njengendawo yemakethe ye-B2B yomhlaba wonke exhumanisa abathengi nabathengisi abavela emazweni ahlukene, okuhlanganisa ne-Peru. Amabhizinisi angabonisa iminikelo yawo, ahlanganyele namakhasimende angaba khona noma abathengisi emhlabeni wonke kule nkundla. 5. I-Latin American Business Directory (LABD) - https://ladirectory.com: I-LABD inikeza uhla lwemibhalo oluphelele lwamabhizinisi kulo lonke elase-Latin America, okuvumela ukusesha okulula kwezimboni ezithile e-Peru nakwamanye amazwe esifundeni. 6. I-NegociaPerú - http://negocios.negociaperu.pe: I-NegociaPerú inikeza uhla lwemibhalo ku-inthanethi lwezinkampani zasePeru ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezolimo, ezokukhiqiza, izinsizakalo njll., esiza abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole abangaba ozakwethu bebhizinisi ngokusekelwe ezimfuneko zabo ezithile. 7.BUSCOproducers-https://www.buscoproducers.com/: I-BUSCOproducers izinikele ekukhuthazeni uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe phakathi kwabathengi bangaphandle nabakhiqizi/abathekelisa abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene yomnotho wasePeru Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zamapulatifomu e-B2B atholakala ePeru. Kuhlale kuhle ukuthi ucwaninge kahle futhi uhlole lezi zinkundla ngaphambi kokwenza noma yimiphi imisebenzi yebhizinisi ukuze uqinisekise ukwethembeka, ukwethembeka, kanye nokuhambisana nezidingo zakho zebhizinisi elithile.
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