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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
I-Mali, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhulikhi yaseMali, iyizwe elivaliwe eNtshonalanga Afrika. Izungezwe yi-Algeria ngasenyakatho, iNiger ngasempumalanga, iBurkina Faso ne-Ivory Coast eningizimu, iGuinea eningizimu-ntshonalanga, neSenegal neMauritania ngasentshonalanga. Ihlanganisa indawo elinganiselwa ku-1.2 million square kilometers, iMali ingelinye lamazwe amakhulu e-Afrika. Inhloko-dolobha yiBamako, nayo esebenza njengedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke. I-Mali inendawo ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa amathafa amakhulu eningizimu kanye nezifunda eziwugwadule enyakatho. Ibhekana kakhulu nezinkathi zonyaka ezimbili - inkathi eyomile kusukela ngoNovemba kuya ku-Ephreli ebonakala ngezinsuku ezishisayo nobusuku obupholile, kulandelwa inkathi yemvula kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba. Ngenani labantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-20 abavela ezizweni ezihlukahlukene njengeBambara, Fulani/Peulhah/Fulfulde/Toucouleur Soninké/Sarakolé/Kaarta Songhai/Zarma Rimaïbe Bozo/Dogons/Seni Muslim ababalelwa cishe ku-95% kuyilapho amaKristu enza cishe ama-3. % nama-Animists ahlanganisa ingxenye encane eyenza cishe u-2%. Umnotho waseMali uthembele kakhulu kwezolimo ezihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu ye-GDP yayo enezitshalo ezifana nokotini ezinikela kakhulu emalini engenayo ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Ukwengeza izimayini zifaka isandla kakhulu ku-GDP okuhlanganisa nemali engenayo yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngezimbiwa ezifana negolide elimbiwa ngobuningi. Naphezu kokubhekana nezinselelo ezifana nobumpofu, imfundo yezikhungo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ifinyelele inqubekela phambili eminyakeni edlule kulandela imizamo yokusimamisa ngezinhlelo zokutshala izimali zosizo lwamazwe ngamazwe okuhlanganisa nezinhlelo zezenhlalakahle ezibhekana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda. Icebile ngokwesiko, iMali iziqhayisa ngezindawo eziningi zomlando kanye Nezindawo Zamagugu Omhlaba ze-UNESCO ezifana ne-Timbuktu ne-Djenné eziheha izivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke.Umculo uyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko laseMaliya, amasiko omculo ahlukene afana nomculo wesintu waseMaliya owaziwa umhlaba wonke uyaziswa emhlabeni jikelele. Mayelana nokubusa, iMali iyiriphabhulikhi yentando yeningi uMengameli esebenza njengenhloko yezwe kanye nohulumeni. Noma kunjalo, iMali iye yabhekana nokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe eminyakeni yamuva nje, nokuketulwa umbuso kwamasosha kanye nokuvukela umbuso kuphazamise uzinzo. Sekukonke, iMali iyizwe elicebile ngomlando, amasiko, kanye nemithombo yemvelo. Nakuba ibhekene nezinselelo ezehlukene njengobubha nokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe, isaqhubeka nokulwela intuthuko nenqubekelaphambili emikhakheni eyahlukene ukuze kuthuthukiswe abantu bayo.
Imali Yezwe
I-Mali, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhulikhi yaseMali, iyizwe elivaliwe eNtshonalanga Afrika. Imali esemthethweni yaseMali yi-CFA franc yaseNtshonalanga Afrika (XOF), ebuye yabelwa amanye amazwe amaningana esifundeni. I-CFA franc yaseNtshonalanga Afrika ibiwuhlobo lwemali olusemthethweni lwaseMali kusukela ngo-1962 lapho ithatha indawo yefranc yaseMaliya. Ikhishwe yiBhange Elikhulu Lamazwe AseNtshonalanga Afrika (BCEAO) futhi isebenza njengendlela ezinzile yokushintshisana ngemisebenzi yezomnotho ngaphakathi kweMali. Imali ifakwa kukho kokubili izinhlamvu zemali kanye nama-banknotes. Izinhlamvu zemali zitholakala ngamahlelo we-1, 5, 10, 25, 50, kanye ne-100 franc. Ama-banknote atholakala ngamahlelo angu-500, 1,000, 2,000, Ama-banknote ayatholakala kumahlelo autoload_fallback OKUhlobene: Hlobo luni lwe-o ubuchwepheshe olusetshenziswa iPeru?', 'HYPERSONIC MISSION PLANNING SYSTEM', "Amasosha asePeru asebenzisa ukusesha okuxubile ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe ngaphandle kokudala ukwehla kwamandla emali noma ukwehla kwamandla emali.", kuyilapho amabhizinisi endawo esebenzisa kokubili izinhlamvu zemali namanothi ngokuvamile. Izinga lokushintshisana phakathi kwe-CFA franc yaseNtshonalanga Afrika (XOF) nezinye izinhlobo zemali ezinkulu njengedola laseMelika noma i-Euro liyahlukahluka nsuku zonke kuye ngezimo zemakethe. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlole namabhange noma izikhungo zokushintshanisa ngemali yangaphandle ukuze uthole amanani anembile ngaphambi kokuguqula imali. Izimali zakwamanye amazwe ngokuvamile zingashintshwa emabhange agunyaziwe kuwo wonke amadolobha amakhulu ase-Mali njenge-Bamako noma ngezinsizakalo zokushintshisana ezikhethekile. Amakhadi esikweletu angamazwe ngamazwe amukelwa ezindaweni ezinkulu njengamahhotela noma izitolo ezinkulu kodwa angeke amukelwe kabanzi kwenye indawo. Njenganoma yisiphi isimo semali yanoma yiliphi izwe?, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho uphatha imali ngesikhathi sakho e-Mali—ugcina imali iphephile ekuntshontshweni ngokusebenzisa izinsiza ezivikelekile ezifana namabhande emali 'noma izikhwama' ngezinjongo zokuhamba'.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali esemthethweni yaseMali yi-CFA franc yaseNtshonalanga Afrika (XOF). Ngokuqondene nezilinganiso zokushintshanisa ngemali elinganiselwe yezinhlobo zemali ezinkulu, nazi izibalo ezivamile (sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zilinganiso zingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi): I-US Dollar (USD) ≈ 560 XOF I-Euro engu-1 (EUR) ≈ 655 XOF I-British Pound (GBP) ≈ 760 XOF I-Canadian Dollar (CAD) ≈ 440 XOF I-Australian Dollar (AUD) ≈ 410 XOF Sicela ukhumbule ukuthi lawa amanani okushintshanisa alinganiselwe nje futhi angahluka kuye ngezinto ezihlukahlukene njengezimo zemakethe nendawo.
Amaholide Abalulekile
Umkhosi owodwa obalulekile eMali uSuku Lokuzimela, olugujwa ngoSepthemba 22 njalo ngonyaka. Leli holide likazwelonke likhumbula inkululeko yezwe ngaphansi kweFrance, eyatholwa ngo-1960. NgoSuku Lwenkululeko, abantu baseMaliya bayahlangana ukuze baveze ukuthanda kwabo izwe futhi bahloniphe inkululeko yabo. Usuku ngokuvamile luqala ngomkhosi wokuphakanyiswa kwefulege nezinkulumo zezikhulu zikahulumeni. Kukhona namapharadesi abanjwa ezweni lonke anemibukiso yezempi nemidanso yesintu. Omunye umkhosi obalulekile eMali iTabaski, owaziwa nangokuthi i-Eid al-Adha noma uMkhosi Womhlatshelo. Leli holide lenkolo ligujwa amaSulumane emhlabeni wonke futhi libonisa ukuzimisela kuka-Ibrahim ukunikela ngendodana yakhe njengesenzo sokulalela uNkulunkulu. Abantu bahlangana ukuze benze imikhuleko yemiphakathi emasontweni ngaphambi kokunikela ngesilwane esinjengemvu noma imbuzi. Inyama ibe isihlukaniselwa amalungu omndeni, omakhelwane, nalabo abampofu. Umkhosi Womculo Ogwadule (Festival au Désert) ungomunye umcimbi obalulekile owenzeka minyaka yonke ngoJanuwari noma ngoFebhuwari eduze kwaseTimbuktu. Ibungaza umculo namasiko e-Maliya ngokudlalwa kwabaculi bendawo kanye namaciko aphesheya avakashela e-Mali ukuze athole lesi sipiliyoni esiyingqayizivele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iMali iphinde igubhe imikhosi yamasiko eyahlukene unyaka wonke ekhombisa ubuciko bendabuko, umculo, amafomu okudansa afana ne-MUSO KAN (umkhosi we-Artistic Spring) oba e-Bamako njalo ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi. Le mikhosi ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu nasemiphakathini yase-Mali njengoba ihlinzeka ngethuba lokugubha umlando, isiko, inkolo kuyilapho iqinisa izibopho zomphakathi emphakathini. 请注意，自动摘要中的300字是指英文字符数（不包括空格），而非汉字数.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
IMali, izwe elivaliwe eNtshonalanga Afrika, inomnotho oxubile kanti ezolimo ziwumkhakha omkhulu kunawo wonke. Izwe ngokuyinhloko lithumela kwamanye amazwe imikhiqizo yezolimo efana ukotini, imfuyo, kanye nama-cashews. Ukotini uyimpahla ephambili yaseMaliya ethunyelwa ngaphandle futhi ubangela ingxenye enkulu yemali engenayo yohwebo. Izwe likhiqiza ukotini osezingeni eliphezulu futhi selisungule ubudlelwano nezinkampani zendwangu zamazwe ngamazwe. Ukwengeza, ukuthengiswa kwemfuyo okuhlanganisa izinkomo, izimvu nezimbuzi kwamanye amazwe kunomthelela emalini yokuhwebelana yezwe. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nokugxila okwandayo ekuhlukaniseni izimpahla ezithunyelwa eMali. Amantongomane e-cashew avele njengomkhiqizo obalulekile othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yokuthandwa kwawo emhlabeni jikelele. Uhulumeni usesebenzise izindlela zokweseka izimboni zokukhiqiza nokugaywa kwe-cashew ukuze kukhuliswe imali engenayo emazweni angaphandle. Kodwa-ke, iMali iphinde ithembele kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwempahla ehlukahlukene njengemikhiqizo yabathengi, imishini, izimoto, imikhiqizo kaphethiloli, nezinto zokudla. Lezi zimpahla eziphuma kwamanye amazwe ziletha izinselele ekulinganiseni uhwebo njengoba zivame ukweqa inani lempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iMali ibhekene nezithiyo ezimbalwa ezithiya amandla ayo okukhula kwezohwebo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda okulinganiselwe kuvimbela ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla ngendlela efanele ezweni. Izindlela ezintekenteke zokulawula imingcele nazo ziholela ekuhwebeni okungakahleleki kwemingcele okunzima ukukubala kodwa okuthinta imigudu yokuhweba esemthethweni. Ukuze kubhekwane nalezi zinselele futhi kuthuthukiswe amathuba okuhwebelana kumabhizinisi aseMaliya, uhulumeni uhlose ukuqinisa ukudidiyelwa kwezifunda ngokubamba iqhaza emiphakathini yezomnotho yesifunda efana ne-Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Lokhu kuvumela ukufinyelela okungcono ezimakethe ezinkulu futhi kukhuthaze imisebenzi yokuhweba yangaphakathi kwesifunda. Sengiphetha, iMali incike kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwezolimo kwamanye amazwe njengokotini kuyilapho ihlola imikhakha esafufusa njengamantongomane e-cashew. Njengoba uhulumeni esebenzela ukuqinisa ingqalasizinda kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesifunda, iMali ihlose ukuthuthukisa amakhono ayo okuhweba jikelele kanye nokuqinisekisa ukukhula komnotho okulinganayo.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
I-Mali, eseNtshonalanga Afrika, inamandla amakhulu okwandisa imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Izwe linezinhlobonhlobo zezinsiza zemvelo ezihlanganisa igolide, i-uranium, i-manganese, nowoyela ezingaheha abatshalizimali bamazwe ngamazwe. Ukwengeza, umkhakha wezolimo waseMali ubalulekile njengoba ukotini kuyisitshalo sawo esikhulu esithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Isizwe siphinde sikhiqize imikhiqizo yemfuyo njengezinkomo nezimvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Mali iyahlomula endaweni yayo enamasu njengoba isebenza njengesango eliya ezimakethe Zomphakathi Wezomnotho Wamazwe aseNtshonalanga Afrika (ECOWAS). Lokhu kuvumela ukufinyelela kalula emazweni amaningi esifundeni njengeSenegal ne-Ivory Coast. Uhulumeni waseMali uthathe izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kohwebo lwangaphandle. Iqalise izinguquko kwezomnotho okuhlanganisa nokunciphisa uxhaso kuphethiloli nomanyolo ukuze kuhehwe abatshalizimali abazimele emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nezimayini nezolimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni uthuthukisa ingqalasizinda ngokutshala imali ekuxhumaniseni imigwaqo nokwenza amachweba abe esimanje ukuze kube lula ukuhwebelana. Eminyakeni yakamuva, iMali isayine izivumelwano zamazwe amabili namanye amazwe okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwano bezohwebo. Isibonelo, iMali yangena esivumelwaneni sobambiswano neChina ngo-2019 esigxile ezinhlelweni zokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda efana nezitimela nezikhumulo zezindiza. Naphezu kwala mathemba amahle, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinselele zisekhona ezingase zivimbele ukwanda kohwebo lwangaphandle eMali. Okokuqala, izwe libhekene nezinkinga zokuphepha ngenxa yezingxabano ezibandakanya amaqembu ezidlamlilo ezingaphazamisa abangaba abatshalizimali. Izimo zokuphepha ezizinzile zibalulekile ekuheheni amabhizinisi angaphandle. Ukwengeza, izinhlelo zokuthutha ezinganele zibeka izithiyo ezinhlelweni zokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe okubangela ukubambezeleka kanye nezindleko ezikhuphukayo kubahwebi. Ukuze isebenzise amandla ayo aphelele ekuthuthukisweni kwemakethe yohwebo lwangaphandle, iMali kufanele iqhubeke nokusebenzisa izinguquko ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukubonakala kwebhizinisi obala ngenkathi ithuthukisa izindlela zokuphepha kuzo zombili izimboni zasekhaya kanye nabatshalizimali bamazwe ngamazwe ngokufanayo. Sekukonke, naphezu kokubhekana nezinselelo ezithile, IMali iveza amathuba amahle yokwandisa imakethe yohwebo lwangaphandle ngemithombo yemvelo eningi, indawo enamasu ngaphakathi kwe-ECOWAS, kanye nemizamo kahulumeni efana nezinguquko kwezomnotho kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda. Ngokugxila okuqhubekayo ekuqinisekiseni uzinzo kanye nokubhekana nemikhawulo yezokuthutha, IMali inekusasa elithembisayo ekuthuthukiseni imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo ezothunyelwa eMali, ukugxila ezintweni ezimakethe ezidayiswa kakhulu zezwe kubalulekile. Kudingeka kubhekwe izinto ezimbalwa lapho kukhethwa le mikhiqizo. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya izitayela zokungenisa eMali futhi uhlonze izinto ezinesidingo esikhulu. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokufunda izibalo zezohwebo, imibiko yocwaningo lwemakethe, kanye nokuxhumana nabathintwayo bebhizinisi lendawo. Ukuqonda ukuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo ephumelelayo njengamanje emakethe yaseMaliya kuzonikeza isiqalo esihle sokukhetha izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Okwesibili, ukucabangela indawo yaseMali kanye nesimo sezulu kungasiza ekutholeni imikhiqizo efanelekile. Njengezwe elivaliwe eNtshonalanga Afrika elinesimo sezulu esomile kakhulu, izimpahla ezifana nemishini yezolimo nezinto ezifakwayo (isb., izinto zokuchelela ngenkasa noma umanyolo), izinhlelo zamandla elanga, nezixazululo zokulawulwa kwamanzi zingathola impumelelo emakethe yaseMaliya. Ukwengeza, ukugxila ezimpahleni ezisekelwe ezolimo ezinamandla amakhulu ngenxa yokutholakala kwazo eMali kungaba inzuzo. Isibonelo, umango (umkhiqizo omkhulu wezolimo), ibhotela le-shea (elisetshenziswa ezimonyoni nasekunakekeleni isikhumba), ukotini (embonini yendwangu), noma amantongomane ka-cashew yizibonelo zokuthekelisa okungase kube khona okunesidingo semakethe esifakazelwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucabangela okuthandwa ngabathengi kudlala indima ebalulekile lapho kukhethwa izinto ezithengiswa kakhulu ezizothunyelwa ngaphandle. Ukwenza izinhlolovo noma ukusebenza eduze nabasabalalisi noma abathengisi ngaphakathi kwe-Mali kusiza ukuqonda ukuthi abathengi babhekani ezimpahleni ezingenisiwe. Lolu lwazi lungasiza abathumeli kwamanye amazwe ekuhlonzeni izigaba zomkhiqizo ezithile ezifana nezingubo/izingubo (ezisemfashinini kodwa ezithengekayo) noma izinto zikagesi zabathengi eziqondana nokuthandwayo kwendawo. Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuncintisana kwamanani lapho ukhetha okuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwemakethe yaseMaliya. Ukwenza ukuhlaziya okuqhathanisayo kwezintengo zemikhiqizo efanayo esezivele zitholakala endaweni kuzovumela abathumeli bangaphandle ukuthi bakwazi ukusetha amasu entengo ancintisanayo. Ukufingqa, ukukhetha imikhiqizo edumile ezothunyelwa e-Mali kuhlanganisa ukuqonda izitayela zokungenisa, kucatshangelwa izici zendawo kanye nezintandokazi zabathengi ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuncintisana kwamanani. Ngokuhlaziya ngokucophelela lezi zici kanye nocwaningo olunzulu ngamaphethini esidingo akhona ngaphakathi kokuguquguquka kwezimakethe zezwe; abathumeli bangaphandle bangakwazi ukubhekelela ngempumelelo izinto ezithengiswa kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwamazwe angaphandle kweMali.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
I-Mali, izwe elivaliwe eNtshonalanga Afrika, yaziwa ngamagugu alo anothile namaqembu ezizwe ezinhlobonhlobo. Abantu baseMali banezici ezithile zamakhasimende kanye nezithiyo okufanele uzicabangele ngenkathi usebenzisana nabo. Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zamakhasimende aseMaliya umuzwa wawo oqinile womphakathi. Bayakwazisa ukuxhumana komphakathi kanye nobudlelwano, okuvame ukuba nomthelela ezinqumweni zabo zokuthenga. Izincomo zomlomo ezivela kubangani nomndeni zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ukuziphatha kwabathengi e-Mali. Ngakho-ke, ukwakha ukwethembana kumakhasimende kubalulekile ekusebenzelaneni kwebhizinisi okuphumelelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu baseMaliya ngokuvamile bangabantu abanomoya wokungenisa izihambi futhi abanesizotha abajabulela inkonzo yomuntu siqu. Bayawazisa amabhizinisi azinika isikhathi sokuqonda izidingo zabo eziyingqayizivele nezinto abazithandayo. Kungaba yinzuzo ukusungula ubudlelwano besikhathi eside namakhasimende aseMali njengoba ekwazisa ukwethembeka. Kodwa-ke, kunezingqinamba ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule lapho uqhuba ibhizinisi eMali. Okokuqala, kuthathwa njengokungahloniphi ukusebenzisa isandla sakho sobunxele kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokushintshisana noma ukuthinta ngoba ngokwesiko kuhlotshaniswa nokungcola. Ngaso sonke isikhathi sebenzisa isandla sakho sokudla lapho unikeza noma wamukela izinto noma lapho uxhawula. Esinye isikweleti esibalulekile sihlobene nenhlonipho engokwenkolo. I-Mali inabantu abaningi abangamaSulumane, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela amasiko amaSulumane ngesikhathi sezingxoxo noma ukusebenzelana okuhlanganisa izihloko ezihlobene nenkolo noma izihloko ezibucayi njengepolitiki. Ukwengeza, ukuxoxisana ngezindaba zomuntu siqu kusenesikhathi kungabonakala njengokuhlaselayo njengoba ubumfihlo bubaluleke kakhulu esikweni laseMaliya. Thatha isikhathi sokwakha ubuhlobo ngaphambi kokungena emininingwaneni yomuntu siqu phakathi nezingxoxo. Sengiphetha, ukuqonda izici zekhasimende nokuhlonipha izinkolelo zamasiko kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenzelana kwebhizinisi nabantu baseMali. Ukwakha ukwethembana ngokusebenzisa izincomo zezwi kanye nokugxila enkonzweni yomuntu siqu kuzohamba ibanga elide ekusunguleni ubudlelwano bebhizinisi obuphumelelayo kuleli zwe eliyingqayizivele laseNtshonalanga Afrika.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
I-Customs Management System kanye nezinyathelo zokuqapha e-Mali I-Mali, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhulikhi yaseMali, iyizwe elivaliwe eNtshonalanga Afrika. Yabelana ngemingcele namanye amazwe ayisikhombisa futhi inezindawo ezihlukene ezisukela ezingwadule kuya kuma-savannah. Uhlelo lokuphatha izinto ezingenayo e-Mali lubalulekile ekulawuleni ukungenisa nokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuhambisana nemithetho yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Nazi ezinye izici ezibalulekile zohlelo lokuphathwa kwempahla yaseMali kanye nezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuphepha: 1. Izinqubo zeCustoms: Lapho bengena eMali, abahambi kudingeka basho izinto zabo endaweni yokuhlola impahla. Amaphasipoti nama-visa avumelekile kufanele kwethulwe ukuze ahlolwe. Izinsolo zokushushumbisa noma izenzo ezingekho emthethweni zingase zenze izikhulu zihlole ngokucophelela. 2. Izinto Ezinqatshelwe: Izinto ezithile zivinjelwe ngokuqinile ukuthi zingeniswe noma zithunyelwe e-Mali, okuhlanganisa izidakamizwa, izikhali (iziqhumane/izibhamu), izinto zobuciko zamasiko ngaphandle kokugunyazwa okufanele, izimpahla zomgunyathi, izinto eziyingozi, nezinto zocansi. 3. Izimpahla Ezikhawulelwe: Ezinye izimpahla zidinga izimvume ezikhethekile noma amalayisense akhishwe iziphathimandla ezifanele ngaphambi kokuba ukungenisa noma ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwenzeke. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa izibhamu nezinhlamvu, imithi/imithi ngezinjongo zokuthengisa, izilwane eziphilayo/izitshalo/imikhiqizo yezinhlobo ezishabalala evikelwe ngaphansi kwe-CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), njll. 4. Imithetho Yemali: Abahambi abafikayo noma abasuka e-Mali kufanele babike noma yiliphi inani elingaphezu kwesigidi esingu-1 sama-CFA Francs (cishe u-1,670 USD) noma uhlobo lwemali lwangaphandle olulinganayo kuzikhulu zentela lapho zifika/zihamba. 5.Intela: Izindleko zangokwezifiso zisebenza ezimpahleni ezithile ezingenisiwe ngokusekelwe kumvelo yazo kanye nenani ngokuvumelana nemithetho yase-Maliya efana ne-Common External Tariff etholwe yi-Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Izinyathelo zokuzivikela: - Zijwayeze nemithetho yamasiko yaseMaliya ngaphambi kokuhamba. - Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izincwadi zokuhamba ezidingekayo njengepasipoti/i-visa zihambisana nesikhathi. - Ungaphathi izinto ezingavunyelwe ezisohlwini lwamasiko aseMaliya. - Uma uphethe izindodla zemali, memezela ezikhulwini zentela lapho ufika noma usuka ukuze ugweme izinkinga zomthetho. - Thola izimvume ezidingekayo noma amalayisense ezimpahla ezinemikhawulo ngaphambi kokuzingenisa noma ukuzithumela ngaphandle. Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uthintane nemithombo esemthethweni efana neNxusa leNxusa laseMaliya/Inxusa noma inkampani yezokuvakasha ethembekile ukuze uthole ulwazi lwamanje kakhulu nolunembile olumayelana nohlelo lokuphathwa kwempahla yaseMaliya.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-Mali iyizwe elivaliwe eNtshonalanga Afrika. Mayelana nezinqubomgomo zentela yokungenisa, iMali ilandela uhlelo oluhlose ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa komnotho nokuvikela izimboni zakuleli. Izwe selisebenzise izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zokulawula ukungeniswa kwempahla kanye nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwemali engenayo. Okokuqala, iMali ibeka izintela ezimpahleni ezingenisiwe njengendlela yokungenisa imali kuhulumeni. Izintela zikhokhiswa ezinhlotsheni eziningi zemikhiqizo, okuhlanganisa imikhiqizo yezolimo, imishini yezimboni, izinto zokusetshenziswa, kanye nezimpahla zabathengi. Amanani ayahlukahluka kuye ngomkhiqizo futhi angaba ngaphansi njengo-0% noma afinyelele ku-35%. Okwesibili, ngaphezu kwezindleko, izintela ezithile zingafakwa emikhiqizweni ethile. Lezi zintela ziklanyelwe ukukhomba izimpahla ezithile ngokusekelwe kumvelo yazo noma umthelela emphakathini. Isibonelo, izintela zempahla zingasebenza eziphuzweni ezidakayo noma emikhiqizweni kagwayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iMali iphinde ibe yingxenye yezivumelwano zokuhwebelana zesifunda ezifana ne-Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) futhi isisayine izivumelwano zokuhwebelana ezehlukene namanye amazwe. Lezi zivumelwano ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izinhlinzeko zentela encishisiwe noma esusiwe phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukungenisa ezweni kungase kube ngaphansi kwentela ye-value-added (VAT) lapho kungena e-Mali. Izinga le-VAT ezweni ngokuvamile libekwe cishe ku-18%. Kodwa-ke, izinto ezithile ezibalulekile njengokudla okuyisisekelo zingakhululwa kule ntela. Sekukonke, izinqubomgomo zentela yokungenisa emalini yaseMaliya zihlose ukulingana phakathi kokuthuthukisa izimboni zasekhaya kanye nokungenisa imali kuhulumeni kuyilapho ikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwezohwebo phakathi kwamazwe e-ECOWAS. Kuyatuseka ukuthi amabhizinisi ahlela ukungenisa eMali afunde ngokucophelela amanani entengo yemikhiqizo yawo ngaphambi kokuhlanganyela ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe nezwe.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
I-Mali, izwe elivaliwe eNtshonalanga Afrika, inenqubomgomo yentela yokuthumela ngaphandle okuhloswe ngayo ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kanye nokwehlukanisa isizinda sayo sokuthekelisa. Izwe libeka intela yempahla ethengiswayo kwamanye amazwe ezimpahleni ezithile ukuze zingenise imali futhi zivikele izimboni zakuleli. Emikhiqizweni yezolimo, i-Mali ibeka intela yentela yokuthekelisa ngaphandle engashintshi ezimpahleni ezifana nokotini, igolide, ikhofi, nemfuyo. Lezi zintela zingahluka kuye ngezimo zemakethe nemithetho kahulumeni. Abathumeli bangaphandle bale mikhiqizo badinga ukukhokha intela enqunyiwe ngaphambi kokuthumela izimpahla zabo ngaphandle kwezwe. Ngaphezu kwemikhiqizo yezolimo, iMali iphinde ikhokhise intela ezinsizeni zamaminerali njengegolide namadayimane. Lezi zinsiza zemvelo zidlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni waseMaliya, futhi uhulumeni uhlose ukuqinisekisa ukuxhashazwa ngendlela efanele kuyilapho engenisa imali ngezintela zokuthumela ngaphandle. Kubalulekile ukuthi amabhizinisi abambe iqhaza ekuthumeleni impahla evela e-Mali ukuthi ahlale enolwazi lwakamuva ngezilinganiso zentela zakamuva njengoba zingashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile ngenxa yezimo zomnotho noma izichibiyelo zenqubomgomo zikahulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iMali iyazuza ezivumelwaneni zamazwe ngamazwe ezehlukene ezikhuthaza ukuhwebelana namanye amazwe. Ukuba yingxenye yezinhlangano zesifunda ezifana ne-Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) kunikeza ukukhululwa okuthile noma intela encishisiwe yohwebo lwangaphakathi kwesifunda phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu. Sengiphetha, inqubomgomo yentela yokuthekelisa yaseMaliya ihlose ukulinganisa phakathi kokuthuthukisa ukukhula komnotho ngokuhlukahluka kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ngesikhathi esifanayo iqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwemali engenayo ngezinjongo zokuthuthukisa. Amabhizinisi abandakanyekayo ekuthumeleni izimpahla kwamanye amazwe njengomkhiqizo wezolimo noma izimbiwa kufanele aqinisekise ukuthobela le migomo ngokukhokha izintela ezifanele ngaphambi kokuthumela impahla yawo ngaphandle kwezwe.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
I-Mali iyizwe elivaliwe eNtshonalanga Afrika. Yaziwa ngamagugu ayo acebile amasiko kanye nemithombo yemvelo. Okuhamba phambili kweMali okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kubandakanya igolide, ukotini, imikhiqizo yemfuyo, kanye nempahla yezolimo efana nelayisi, amabele, namakinati. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuhambisana kwalokhu kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, i-Mali isebenzise Uhlelo Lokunikeza Izitifiketi Zokuthekelisa (ECS). I-ECS yakhelwe ukuhlangabezana namazinga nemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe ebekwe amazwe angenisayo. Ukuthola isitifiketi sokuthekelisa e-Mali, abathumeli bangaphandle kumele balandele izinqubo ezithile. Okokuqala, badinga ukubhalisa noMnyango Wezohwebo noma iziphathimandla ezifanele. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi oludingekayo mayelana nokusebenza kwebhizinisi labo kanye nemibhalo ephathelene nomkhiqizo abafisa ukuwuthumela ngaphandle. Uma sebebhalisiwe, abathumeli bempahla badinga ukuthobela izindinganiso ezithile zesigaba somkhiqizo ngamunye. Isibonelo, abathumelisi bemikhiqizo yezolimo kumele balandele imithethonqubo ehlobene nokuphepha kokudla kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi. Ngokufanayo, abathumeli begolide kwamanye amazwe kudingeka bahambisane nemithetho yezinqubo zezimayini kanye nezindlela zokulwa nokushushumbiswa kwemali. Abathumeli bangaphandle futhi kudingeka baqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo ihlolwa kahle ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlola amasampula kumalabhorethri agunyaziwe noma ukuhlola endaweni okwenziwa imizimba egunyaziwe. Ngemva kokuhlangabezana nazo zonke izimfuneko, abathumeli bangaphandle bangafaka isicelo sesitifiketi sokuthekelisa kwabasemagunyeni abaqokiwe noma i-ejensi ebhekele ukunikeza izitifiketi e-Mali. Isitifiketi sisebenza njengobufakazi bokuthi izimpahla ezithunyelwe zihlangabezane nazo zonke izindlela ezidingekayo zokulawula ikhwalithi nokuhambisana namazinga omhlaba. Sengiphetha, i-Mali isungule Uhlelo Lokunikeza Isitifiketi Sokuthekelisa (i-ECS) oluqinisekisa ukuthobelana kokuthunyelwa kwayo okuyinhloko namazinga omhlaba. Ngokulandela izinqubo zokubhalisa, ukuthobela imithetho eqondene nomkhiqizo, kanye nokuthola izitifiketi zokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe kuziphathimandla eziqokiwe, abathumeli bempahla baseMaliya bayakwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi izimpahla zabo ziyahlangabezana nezilinganiso zokulawula ikhwalithi ezidingekayo.I-ECS isiza ukugcina ukwethembana phakathi kwabathumeli bangaphandle baseMaliya nabangenayo emhlabeni wonke, iqinise ubudlelwano bohwebo. kokubili esifundeni-nakwamanye amazwe
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Mali iyizwe elivaliwe eNtshonalanga Afrika, elinokufinyelela okulinganiselwe olwandle. Naphezu kwezinselelo zayo zendawo, iMali yenze amagxathu abalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umkhakha wayo wezokuthutha. Ezokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe, iMali ithembele kakhulu emgwaqeni nasemoyeni. Isikhumulo sezindiza i-Bamako-Sénou International Airport siyisango elikhulu lempahla yomoya, ehlinzeka ngezindiza ezijwayelekile eziya emadolobheni amakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Izindiza eziningana ezihlonishwayo kanye nabathumeli bempahla bamazwe ngamazwe basebenza eMali, baqinisekisa ukuthuthwa okuthembekile kwezimpahla ngendiza. Mayelana nezokuthutha emgwaqeni, iMali inoxhaxha lwemigwaqo emikhulu ehlanganisa amadolobha abalulekile ngaphakathi kwezwe kanye namazwe angomakhelwane njengeSenegal neNiger. Le migwaqo isebenza njengezindlela zohwebo ezibalulekile zokuthutha izimpahla ziwela imingcele. Izinkampani zezokuthutha zasendaweni zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zamaloli kuzo zombili izidingo zempahla yasekhaya kanye neyeqa imingcele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iMali iphinde isebenzise ezokuthutha zikaloliwe kancane. I-Dakar-Niger Railway ixhuma i-Dakar e-Senegal ne-Koulikoro eningizimu yeMali. Nakuba ngokuyinhloko isiza abagibeli, ingakwazi futhi ukuthwala inani elilinganiselwe lempahla. Ngokusatshalaliswa kwasekhaya ngaphakathi kwe-Mali, abahlinzeki bezokuthutha abahlukahlukene basiza ukuhanjiswa kwezimpahla ezifundeni ezahlukene. Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni njenge-Bamako ne-Sikasso, kunezindawo zokugcina izimpahla nezindawo zokusabalalisa ezakhiwe kahle ezihlome ngemishini yokuphatha yesimanje ukuze kusingathwe izidingo zokugcinwa nokulethwa ngendlela efanele. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuthuthuka kwengqalasizinda kanye nezinsiza zezokuthutha, izinselele zisekhona ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokungalungiswa kahle kwemigwaqo ngaphandle kwamadolobha amakhulu kanye nezinketho ezilinganiselwe zokuxhuma phakathi kwezifunda zakuleli. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle konke kokusebenza kwempahla e-Mali, kuyatuseka ukuthi amabhizinisi asebenzisane eduze nozakwethu basendaweni abanolwazi olujulile lokuzulazula ezintweni eziyinkimbinkimbi eziqondene nalesi sifunda. Bangakwazi ukusiza ngezinqubo zokukhishwa kwempahla ekweqeni imingcele kuyilapho benikeza imininingwane ebalulekile emithethweni yendawo engase ibe nomthelela ezinqubweni zokuthumela ngemikhumbi. Sengiphetha, nakuba ibhekene nezingqinamba ezithile zezindawo zokuvalelwa komhlaba, iMali iye yasungula uxhaxha lwemigwaqo ethembekile, izinsizakalo zamaloli, nezindawo zezindiza ezisebenza kahle.Ngakho-ke, amathuba okuthutha amazwe ngamazwe angakhuliswa ngokusebenzisana nozakwethu bendawo abanolwazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwezimpahla ezingenazihibe ezweni.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

I-Mali, eseNtshonalanga Afrika, inabalingani abambalwa ababalulekile bohwebo bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezindlela zokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi. Inikeza imigudu ehlukahlukene yokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe futhi ibamba iqhaza emibukisweni eminingi yezohwebo. 1. Iziteshi Zokuthenga Zamazwe Ngamazwe: a. I-European Union (EU): I-Mali izuza ku-EU's Generalized Scheme of Preferences (GSP), eqinisekisa ukufinyelela ngaphandle kwentela emakethe yase-Europe yemikhiqizo eminingi. b. I-United States: Ngaphansi koMthetho Wokukhula Nethuba Lase-Afrika (i-AGOA), i-Mali ingathumela imikhiqizo efanelekile ngaphandle kokukhokhiswa intela emakethe yase-US. c. I-China: Izinkampani zaseShayina zibonise intshisekelo yokutshala imali kumaphrojekthi wokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yase-Mali, nokuhlinzeka ngamathuba okubambisana ekuthengweni kwempahla. d. Izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe: Izinhlangano ezihlukene zomhlaba jikelele njengezinhlangano ze-UN, iBhange Lomhlaba, kanye neBhange Lokuthuthukiswa Kwase-Afrika zenza imisebenzi yokuthenga ngaphakathi kwe-Mali. 2. Imibukiso yezohwebo: a. I-Bamako International Fair: Lo mbukiso waminyaka yonke ubanjelwa e-Bamako, inhloko-dolobha yase-Mali, uheha ababambiqhaza abavela ezimbonini ezihlukene emhlabeni jikelele ngokugxila emishinini yezolimo, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, izinto zokwakha, imikhakha yendwangu/izingubo. b. Ingqungquthela Yezimayini Nezophethiloli kanye Nombukiso wase-Mali (JMP): Lo mcimbi uhlanganisa izinkampani zezimayini zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe ezinentshisekelo yokuhlola amathuba ngaphakathi komkhakha wezimayini wase-Mali. c. IForamu de l'Investissement Hotelier Africain de L'Africa (FIHA): Le nkundla ithuthukisa amathuba okutshala imali embonini yezokuvakasha yase-Afrika ephumela ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ngenxa yezokuvakasha egeleza e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara. 3.Eminye imicimbi: Ngaphandle kwale mibukiso emikhulu okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla, izingqungquthela eziningi, izingxoxo, nezinkundla ezihlobene nemikhakha eyahlukene zihlelwa njalo unyaka wonke yizinhlangano ezizimele, izindikimba zikahulumeni, nezinhlangano zezohwebo. Le micimbi inikeza izinkundla zokuxhumana, ukwabelana ngolwazi, nokusebenzisana kwezamabhizinisi. Banikela kakhulu ekudaleni amathuba amasha okuthenga/imigudu yentuthuko ngezingxoxo ngezihloko ezifana nezolimo, izimayini, uwoyela negesi, ezokuvakasha/ukukhuthazwa kwezokukhiqiza, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamazwe ngamazwe, imithetho yebhizinisi/intela, izinqubo zokuthekelisa/zokuthekelisa njll. Lezi ziteshi zokuthengwa kwempahla zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemibukiso yezohwebo inikeza i-Mali indlela yokuxhumana nabathengi bomhlaba wonke, yandise amandla ayo okuthekelisa, futhi ihehe abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe. Ngokubamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo kule micimbi kanye nokuhlola ubudlelwano namabhizinisi omhlaba, iMali ingaqinisa umnotho wayo futhi ikhuthaze ukukhula komnotho.
I-Mali, izwe elivalekile eNtshonalanga Afrika, inezinjini zokusesha ezimbalwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa. Nazi ezinye ezidumile: 1. I-Google Search: Injini yokusesha esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, i-Google inikeza imiphumela yosesho ebanzi yezihloko eziningi. Iwebhusayithi: www.google.ml 2. Ukusesha nge-Bing: Injini yokusesha ye-Microsoft, i-Bing inikeza izici zokusesha iwebhu kanye nezinye izinsiza ezifana nokusesha izithombe nevidiyo. Iwebhusayithi: www.bing.com 3. I-Yahoo Search: I-Yahoo enye injini yokusesha edumile enikeza imiphumela yewebhu, izibuyekezo zezindaba, nezinye izici ezihlukahlukene. Iwebhusayithi: www.search.yahoo.com 4. I-DuckDuckGo: Yaziwa ngokuphequlula okugxile ekuyimfihlo, i-DuckDuckGo ayilandeleli noma igcine ulwazi lomuntu siqu kuyilapho inikeza imiphumela yosesho evela emithonjeni eyahlukene ku-inthanethi yonkana. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.duckduckgo.com 5. I-Yandex Search: Injini yokusesha esekelwe e-Russian enenguqulo yamazwe ngamazwe etholakala ngezilimi eziningi kuhlanganise nesiNgisi; I-Yandex ihlinzeka ngemiphumela yewebhu yendawo eqondene ne-Mali kanye nosesho olujwayelekile lomhlaba jikelele. Iwebhusayithi: www.yandex.com 6. I-Baidu Search (百度搜索): Nakuba isetshenziswa kakhulu e-China ngenxa yemingcele yolimi, i-Baidu ingenye yezinjini zokusesha ezinkulu nezidume kakhulu emhlabeni wonke enikezela ngosesho lwewebhu kanye nezinye izinsiza ezifana namamephu nokuhumusha. Iwebhusayithi (inguqulo yamazwe ngamazwe): www.baidu.com/intl/en/ Lezi izinjini zokusesha ezimbalwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa e-Mali ezihlinzeka ngezinketho zokusesha ezithembekile neziphelele ezizindeni ezihlukene ezifana namawebhusayithi, izithombe, izindatshana zezindaba, amavidiyo, amamephu, njll. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi izintandokazi zomuntu ngamunye zingahluka uma kuziwa ekukhetheni injini yokusesha ekhethwayo ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nokusebenza noma ukucatshangelwa kobumfihlo.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

E-Mali, uhla lwemibhalo oluyinhloko lwamakhasi aphuzi lwaziwa ngokuthi "Pages Jaunes Mali." Nazi ezinye zezinkomba ezinkulu zamakhasi aphuzi ezweni kanye namawebhusayithi abo: 1. Amakhasi i-Jaunes Mali: Iwuhlu lwemibhalo olusemthethweni lwamakhasi aphuzi e-Mali futhi lunikeza ulwazi ngamabhizinisi, izinsizakalo, kanye nemikhiqizo. Ungayithola ku-inthanethi ku-www.pagesjaunesmali.com. 2. I-Afro Pages: Lolu hlu lwemibhalo lugxile kakhulu ekuxhumaniseni amabhizinisi nabathengi kuyo yonke i-Afrika. Ungafinyelela umkhombandlela wabo waseMaliya ku-www.afropages.org. 3. Amakhasi Aphuzi Emhlabeni Wonke: Iwuhlu lwamazwe ngamazwe oluhlinzeka ngohlu lwamazwe omhlaba, kuhlanganise neMali. Iwebhusayithi yabo ethi www.yellowpagesworldwide.com inikeza inketho yokusesha ukuze uthole ukufakwa kuhlu eMali. 4. I-Annuaire du Sahel: Lolu hlu lwemibhalo lugxile emabhizinisini asebenza ngaphakathi kwamazwe esifunda sase-Sahel, okuhlanganisa neMali. Ingxenye ye-Maliya yalolu hlu lwemibhalo ingatholakala ku-www.sahelyellowpages.com/mali. 5. I-Yellow Pages Africa: Banikeza imininingwane yebhizinisi enemininingwane yamazwe amaningi ase-Afrika, okuhlanganisa nengxenye ezinikele yaseMali ku-www.yellowpages.africa/mali. Lezi zinhla zemibhalo zamakhasi aphuzi zihlinzeka ngemininingwane yokuxhumana ebalulekile njengezinombolo zocingo, amakheli, amamephu nezikhombisi-ndlela eziya emabhizinisini ahlukahlukene emikhakheni ehlukene yase-Mali njengezindawo zokudlela, amahhotela, amabhange, izibhedlela njll., okwenza kube lula kubasebenzisi ukuthi bathole futhi baxhumane nezinsizakalo ezithile abazenzayo. zidinga ngaphakathi kwezwe. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amawebhusayithi angase ashintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi- uqinisekise ngomusa ukuthi uyawaqinisekisa ngaphambi kokuwasebenzisa ngokugcwele.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

I-Mali, izwe elivaliwe eNtshonalanga Afrika, ibone ukukhula okuphawulekayo emkhakheni wayo we-e-commerce eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Nazi ezinye zezinkundla ezinkulu ze-e-commerce eMali kanye namawebhusayithi abo: 1. I-Jumia Mali - I-Jumia ingenye yezinkundla ezihamba phambili ze-e-commerce hhayi nje e-Mali kodwa futhi emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika. Ihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo eminingi ehlanganisa izinto zikagesi, imfashini, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.jumia.ml/ 2. I-Kaymu - I-Kaymu inikeza imakethe yabathengi nabathengisi ukuze bahwebe ngezimpahla ezihlukahlukene ku-intanethi. Inikeza uhla olubanzi lwemikhiqizo kusukela kogesi kuye kwemfashini, ubuhle, nokuhlobisa kwasekhaya. Iwebhusayithi: Ayitholakali 3. I-Afrimarket - I-Afrimarket igxile ekunikezeni ukufinyelela ezimpahleni ezibalulekile ngamanani athengekayo kubantu abahlala emazweni ase-Afrika njengeMali. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathenge ku-inthanethi futhi balethwe ukuthenga kwabo ngqo emnyango wabo. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.afrimarket.fr/mali 4. I-Bamako Online Market (BOM) - I-BOM iyisitolo esiku-inthanethi esisebenza kakhulu ngaphakathi kwedolobha lase-Bamako, inhloko-dolobha yase-Mali. Ihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa igrosa, izinto zikagesi, izinto zokugqoka, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi: Ayitholakali 5. I-Kamaa Market - I-Kama Market iyinkundla ye-inthanethi ehlinzeka ngokukhethekile abathengi abafuna imikhiqizo yezolimo okuhlanganisa okusanhlamvu, imifino, izithelo ezitshalwa endaweni ngaphakathi kwe-Mali. Iwebhusayithi: https://kamaamarket.com/ml/ Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukutholakala nokusebenza kungahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yezinguquko zemakethe noma ezinye izici ezifana nokugcinwa kwewebhusayithi noma ukuyekwa. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi nakuba lezi nkundla zisebenza ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-e-commerce yase-Mali ngesikhathi lolu lwazi lunikezwa (2021), kuhlala kuhle ukuthi ubuyekeze inkundla ngayinye ngayinye ukuze uthole izibuyekezo kumasevisi anikezwayo kanye nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ezingase zenzeke. Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Izixhumanisi zewebhusayithi ezishiwo ngenhla bezisebenza ngesikhathi sokuphendula. Nokho, asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi bazohlala bekhuthele esikhathini esizayo.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

I-Mali iyizwe elivaliwe eNtshonalanga Afrika elinabantu abamukela umhlaba wedijithali. Kanjalo, izinkundla zokuxhumana ezahlukahlukene zithole ukuthandwa eMali. Nazi ezinye ezivelele kanye namawebhusayithi abo: 1. I-Facebook (www.facebook.com): I-Facebook isetshenziswa kakhulu e-Mali ukuxhumana nabantu, ukukhushulwa kwebhizinisi, nokuhlala unolwazi ngezindaba nemicimbi. 2. I-WhatsApp (www.whatsapp.com): I-WhatsApp iwuhlelo lokuthumela imiyalezo oludumile olusetshenziswa izigidi emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise nabaseMaliya. Ivumela abantu ngabanye namaqembu ukuthi baxhumane ngemilayezo yombhalo, amakholi wezwi, amakholi wevidiyo, nokuningi. 3. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com): I-Instagram ithole ukuduma okubalulekile phakathi kwentsha yaseMaliya ejabulela ukwabelana ngezithombe namavidiyo nabalandeli bayo. Abagqugquzeli abaningi abavela eMali basebenzisa le nkundla ukukhuthaza isiko lendawo nemfashini. 4. I-Twitter (www.twitter.com): I-Twitter isebenza njengenkundla yezokuxhumana enethonya lapho abantu baseMaliya bexoxa ngezindaba zamanje, babelane ngemibono ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene, bahlanganyele nezazi zomphakathi noma izinhlangano, futhi balandele izibuyekezo zezindaba zesikhathi sangempela. 5. I-LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com): I-LinkedIn isetshenziswa kakhulu ochwepheshe emhlabeni wonke ukwakha ukuxhumana namathuba okuthuthuka kwezemisebenzi; iphinde isetshenziswe abantu abaningi baseMaliya abafuna ukukhulisa amanethiwekhi abo ochwepheshe. 6. I-Pinterest (www.pinterest.com): Nakuba ingadumile njengezinye izinkundla ezishiwo ngenhla e-Mali ngokukhethekile, i-Pinterest isabambe inani lalabo abathanda ugqozi olubonakalayo–kusuka emibonweni yokuhlobisa ekhaya ukuya kumaqoqo weresiphi. 7. I-YouTube (www.youtube.com): I-YouTube ihlinzeka ngengobo yomlando ebanzi yamavidiyo ahlanganisa cishe nanoma yisiphi isihloko ongase usicabange—kuhlanganise namavidiyo omculo avela kubaculi abadumile baseMaliya—futhi isebenza njengendawo yokuzijabulisa yabantu abaningi baseMali. 8. I-TikTok (www.tiktok.com):I-TikTok ibone ukukhula okwandayo kubantu abasha emhlabeni jikelele ngenxa yamakhono ayo okudala okuqukethwe kwevidiyo yefomu elifushane - okuhlanganisa imidanso noma iziqephu ezihlekisayo - ezihambisana kahle nesiko lentsha laseMali. Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zezinkundla zokuxhumana esezithole ukuduma eMali. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuduma nokusetshenziswa kwalezi zinkundla kungashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba kuvela izinsiza ezintsha kanye nokushintsha kwezinketho.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

I-Mali, izwe elivaliwe eNtshonalanga Afrika, inezinhlangano ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezimele imikhakha yezomnotho eyahlukene. Lezi zinhlangano zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni nasekusekeleni izimboni zazo. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano eziyinhloko zezimboni eMali: 1. I-Association des Industriels du Mali (AIM) - I-Association of Industrialists of Mali izinikele ekuthuthukiseni ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kanye nokumela izintshisekelo zamabhizinisi ezimboni ezweni. Iwebhusayithi https://www.aimmali.org/ 2. I-Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie du Mali (CCIM) - I-Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Mali ikhuthaza futhi ivikele izithakazelo zezohwebo nezezimboni ngenkathi yenza lula amathuba ohwebo nokutshalwa kwezimali ezweni. Iwebhusayithi http://www.ccim-mali.org/ 3. I-Association Malienne des Exportateurs de Mangue (AMEM) - Inhlangano yaseMaliya yabadayisi beMango isebenzela ukuthuthukisa amandla okuthekelisa, ikhwalithi, kanye nokuncintisana komango okhiqizwa eMali. Iwebhusayithi: Ayitholakali 4. I-Syndicat National des Transporteurs Routiers du Mali (SNTRM) - I-National Union of Road Hauliers e-Mali imele izinkampani zezokuthutha emgwaqeni, ehlose ukuthuthukisa amazinga ochwepheshe kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuncintisana okufanelekile ngaphakathi komkhakha. Iwebhusayithi: Ayitholakali 5. I-Fédération des Artisans et Travailleurs Indépendants du Mali (FATIM) - I-Federation of Artisans and Independent Workers e-Mali ihlose ukuvikela amalungelo ezingcweti, ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo, ukwenza lula ukufinyelela ezimakethe, amathuba okuqeqeshwa, izikhungo zezikweletu kanye nokunxenxa izinqubomgomo. kuzuzisa izingcweti. Iwebhusayithi http://www.fatim-ml.org/ 6. I-Fédération Nationale des Producteurs de Coton du Manden (FENAPROCOMA) - Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yabakhiqizi Kakotini imele izithakazelo zabalimi bakakotini ngokumela amanani afanelekile omkhiqizo wabo kuyilapho ibahlinzeka ngosizo lobuchwepheshe. Iwebhusayithi: Ayitholakali 7. I-Association des Producteurs de Riz du Mali (APROMA) - I-Association of Rice Producers of Mali ihlose ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwerayisi, ukugqugquzela ukungezwa kwenani, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukufinyelela emakethe kwerayisi lase-Maliya. Iwebhusayithi: Ayitholakali Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukutholakala kwamawebhusayithi kungase kushintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ezinye izinhlangano zingase zingabi nawo amawebhusayithi okwamanje. Kuhlale kunconywa ukuthi useshe ulwazi olubuyekeziwe noma uxhumane nezinhlangano ezifanele ngokuqondile ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi ezomnotho nezohwebo ahlobene neMali anama-URL awo afanele: 1. Umnyango Wezomnotho Nezezimali: Le webhusayithi ihlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nezinqubomgomo zezomnotho, imizamo, kanye namaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa enziwe uhulumeni waseMali. I-URL: http://www.finances.gouv.ml/ 2. I-Ejensi Yokukhuthaza Ukutshalwa Kwezimali yase-Mali (API-Mali): Iwebhusayithi ye-API-Mali inikeza ulwazi ngamathuba okutshalwa kwezimali emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nezolimo, ezezimayini, ezamandla, ezokuvakasha, njll. I-URL: https://www.api-mali.ml/ 3. I-Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie du Mali (CCIM): Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-CCIM isebenza njengesizinda samabhizinisi ase-Mali. Ihlinzeka ngezinsiza zokubhaliswa kwebhizinisi, imibuzo yohwebo, imibiko yocwaningo lwemakethe, njll. I-URL: https://www.ccim-mali.org/ 4. I-Ejensi Yokuphromotha Ukuthekelisa yase-Mali (APEX-Mali): I-APEX-Mali inesibopho sokuphromotha ukuthunyelwa kwe-Maliya ngaphandle nokuxhumanisa amabhizinisi endawo nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. I-URL: http://apexmali.gov.ml/ 5. I-Douanes du Mali (Customs of Mali): Le webhusayithi inikeza izinsizakalo ezihlobene nenkambiso efana nemininingwane yentela, imithetho yokungenisa/yokuthumela ngaphandle, izinqubo zokugunyazwa kwentela, njll. I-URL: http://douanes.gouv.ml/ 6. I-Banque Nationale de Developpement Agricole (BNDA) - Ibhange Lokuthuthukiswa KwezoLimo lika-M

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa emibuzo yedatha yokuhweba atholakalayo eMali. Nalu uhlu lwabanye babo kanye namakheli abo esizindalwazi: 1. I-World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) Iwebhusayithi https://wits.worldbank.org/ 2. Isikhungo Sohwebo Samazwe Ngamazwe (ITC) Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: https://www.intracen.org/ 3. I-United Nations Comtrade Database Iwebhusayithi: https://comtrade.un.org/ 4. Imephu Yokufinyelela Emakethe nge-ITC Iwebhusayithi https://www.macmap.org/ 5. Thumela i-Genius Iwebhusayithi http://www.exportgenius.in/ 6. Ngenisa i-Genius Iwebhusayithi https://www.importgenius.com/ Lawa mawebhusayithi anikezela ngedatha yohwebo ephelele kanye nezibalo zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, okuthunyelwa ngaphandle, okuthrendayo kwezimakethe, amanani entengo yezimpahla, nokunye kwamazwe ahlukahlukene okuhlanganisa neMali. Abasebenzisi bangafinyelela kulawa mawebhusayithi ukuze baseshe ulwazi oluthile oluhlobene nohwebo abanentshisekelo kulo. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukutholakala nokunemba kwedatha kungase kwehluke emithonjeni ehlukene, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuthi ubhekise izinkundla eziningi lapho wenza ucwaningo noma ukuhlaziya okuhlobene nedatha yohwebo e-Mali noma elinye izwe.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

I-Mali, izwe elivalekile eNtshonalanga Afrika, inomnotho okhulayo wedijithali onezinkundla ezimbalwa ze-B2B ezisiza ukuhwebelana kwebhizinisi. Nawa amanye amapulatifomu e-B2B eMali kanye nezixhumanisi zawo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-AfriShop (www.afri-shop.com): I-AfriShop iyimakethe eku-inthanethi yemikhiqizo yase-Afrika, exhumanisa amabhizinisi nabahlinzeki emikhakheni eyahlukene ehlanganisa ezolimo, imfashini, izinto zikagesi, nokunye. 2. I-MaliBusiness (www.malibusiness.info): I-MaliBusiness iyinkundla ye-e-commerce egxile ekuthuthukiseni amabhizinisi endawo e-Mali. Ihlinzeka ngenkundla yokuthi amabhizinisi abonise imikhiqizo yawo namasevisi kulabo abangase babe abathengi ngaphakathi ezweni nakwamanye amazwe. 3. Iphothali Yokuthekelisa (www.exportal.com): Nakuba ingaqondile e-Mali kuphela, i-Export Portal iyindawo yemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe ye-B2B lapho amabhizinisi aseMaliya angaxhuma khona nabathengi bomhlaba futhi andise imisebenzi yawo yokuthekelisa. Inikeza izici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokucubungula izinkokhelo ezivikelekile kanye nezinsizakalo zokuthobela ukuhweba. 4. I-Africa Trade Platform (www.africatradeplatform.org): I-Africa Trade Platform izinikele ekukhuthazeni ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana phakathi kwe-Afrika. Nakuba ihlanganisa amazwe amaningi ase-Afrika okuhlanganisa neMali, isebenza njengenkundla ebalulekile yokuxhumanisa abathumeli bangaphandle/abangenisa kwamanye amazwe baseMaliya nabangase babe abalingani kulo lonke izwekazi. 5. I-Jumia Market (market.jumia.ma/en/): I-Jumia Market isebenza emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika, okuhlanganisa neMali. Le ndawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi edumile ixhuma abathengisi nezigidi zamakhasimende kuso sonke isifunda ngezigaba zayo eziningi zemikhiqizo. Lezi ezinye zezibonelo zamapulatifomu e-B2B atholakala eMali; kungase kube nezinye ezibhekelela ngokukhethekile izimboni ezithile noma ezinokufinyelela okulinganiselwe kwesifunda ngaphakathi kwemingcele yezwe.
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