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Izimakethe Eziyinhloko
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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
IJalimane, ngokusemthethweni iFederal Republic of Germany, iyiriphabhulikhi yephalamende emaphakathi nentshonalanga yeYurophu. Kuyizwe lesine elinabantu abaningi e-European Union, futhi iyisifunda esicebe kakhulu eYurophu esilinganiswa nge-GDP. Inhloko-dolobha nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke yiBerlin. Ezinye izindawo ezinkulu zasemadolobheni zihlanganisa iHamburg, iMunich, iFrankfurt, iCologne, iHanover, iStuttgart neDüsseldorf. IJalimane iyizwe elihlukaniswe kakhulu, futhi izwe ngalinye kweziyi-16 linohulumeni walo. Umnotho waseJalimane ungowesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni, ngokusekelwe ku-GDP yegama. Ingowesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni wokuthekelisa izimpahla. Umkhakha wezinsizakalo unikela cishe ngama-70% e-GDP, kanti izimboni cishe ngama-30%. IJalimane inohlelo oluxubile lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lukahulumeni noluzimele olusekelwe ekufinyeleleni kwendawo yonke yokunakekelwa okubucayi. IJalimane inohlelo lokuvikela umphakathi oluhlinzeka ngomshwalense wezempilo ophelele, izimpesheni, izinzuzo zokungasebenzi kanye nezinye izinsizakalo zezenhlalakahle. IJalimane iyilungu lomsunguli we-European Union futhi iyizwe eliyilungu lokuqala ukwamukela iSivumelwano saseLisbon. Iphinde ibe yilungu elisungula i-NATO futhi iyilungu le-G7, G20 kanye ne-OECD. NgesiNgisi, igama laseJalimane ngokusemthethweni liyiFederal Republic of Germany (isiJalimane: Bundesrepublik Deutschland).
Imali Yezwe
Imali yaseJalimane yi-Euro. I-Euro yethulwa eJalimane ngo-January 1, 1999, njengengxenye yokuqaliswa kwe-European Monetary Union. Uhulumeni waseJalimane nazo zonke izifundazwe zaseJalimane zikhiphe ezazo izinhlamvu zemali ze-Euro, ezigaywa eMint yaseJalimane eMunich. I-Euro iyimali esemthethweni ye-eurozone, ehlanganisa amazwe angu-19 angamalungu e-European Union asethathe i-Euro njengohlobo lwemali yawo. I-Euro ihlukaniswe ngamasenti ayi-100. EJalimane, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Euro kusabalele futhi yamukelwa njengohlobo lwemali olusemthethweni kuzo zonke izifundazwe zaseJalimane. Uhulumeni waseJalimane usesungule inethiwekhi kazwelonke yama-ATM angaphezu kuka-160,000 ukuze anikeze ukuhoxiswa kwemali ngama-Euro. Umnotho waseJalimane uthonywe kakhulu yi-Euro, ethathe indawo yeDeutsche Mark njengohlobo lwemali olusemthethweni. I-Euro ibiwuhlobo lwemali oluzinzile ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe futhi isize ekuthuthukiseni ukuhweba nokuncintisana kweJalimane.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Izinga lokushintshisana lohlobo lwemali yaseJalimane, i-Euro, uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zemali ezinkulu liye lahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nakhu ukubuka okufushane kwamazinga okushintshaniswa kwemali kanye nezitayela zomlando: I-Euro ukuya kudola laseMelika: I-Euro njengamanje ihweba cishe ngamadola ase-US angu-0.85, eseduze nokwehla kwayo komlando. Izinga lokushintshiselana nge-Euro-kuya-dollar lizinzile eminyakeni yamuva nje, libe nokuguquguquka okuncane. I-Euro ukuya kwipondo laseBrithani: I-Euro okwamanje ihweba cishe ngamaphawundi aseBrithani angu-0.89. Izinga lokushintshana kwe-Euro kuya ku-pound belilokhu lishintshashintsha eminyakeni yamuva, njengoba iphawundi liba buthakathaka uma liqhathaniswa ne-Euro ngemuva kwe-Brexit. I-Euro ukuya ku-yuan yaseShayina: I-Euro okwamanje ihweba cishe ngama-yuan aseShayina angu-6.5, eseduze nokuphakama kwayo komlando. Izinga lokushintshisana nge-Euro-to-yuan liye laqina eminyakeni yamuva nje njengoba umnotho waseShayina ukhula futhi i-yuan isisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amanani okushintshanisa ashintshashintsha njalo, ethonywe izici eziningi zezomnotho nezombusazwe. Izilinganiso zokushintshisana ezinikezwe ngenhla ezezinjongo zolwazi kuphela futhi zingase zingabonisi amanani angempela ngesikhathi sokufunda kwakho. Kuhlale kuhle ukuthi uhlole amanani okushintshanisa akamuva ngesiguquleli semali noma isikhungo sezezimali ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi ukuthengiselana.
Amaholide Abalulekile
IJalimane inemikhosi eminingi ebalulekile namaholide agujwa unyaka wonke. Nansi eminye yemikhosi ebaluleke kakhulu nezincazelo zayo: UKhisimusi ( Weihnachten ): UKhisimusi yiholide elibaluleke kakhulu eJalimane futhi ligubha ngoDisemba 25 ngokushintshaniswa kwesipho, imibuthano yomndeni, kanye ne-Feuerzangenbowle yendabuko (uhlobo lwewayini elixutshwe). U-Eva Wonyaka Omusha (Silvester): U-Eva Wonyaka Omusha ugujwa ngoDisemba 31 ngeziqhumane kanye namaphathi. AmaJalimane abona neSilvesterchocke, isiko lapho abantu bezama ukuqabulana phakathi kwamabili. I-Easter (Ostern): I-Easter iholidi lenkolo eligujwa ngeSonto lokuqala ngemva kwenyanga egcwele noma ngemva kuka-March 21st. AmaJalimane ajabulela ukudla okuvamile kwePhasika okufana ne-Osterbrötchen (amaroli esinkwa esimnandi) kanye ne-Osterhasen (onogwaja bePhasika). I-Oktoberfest (Oktoberfest): I-Oktoberfest iyifestiveli kabhiya enkulukazi emhlabeni futhi igujwa eMunich njalo ngonyaka kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Umkhosi wezinsuku ezingu-16 kuya kwezingu-18 oheha izigidi zezivakashi unyaka ngamunye. Usuku Lobumbano LwaseJalimane (Tag der Deutschen Einheit): Usuku Lobumbano lwaseJalimane lugujwa ngo-Okthoba 3rd ukuze kuphawulwe isikhumbuzo seminyaka yonke yokuhlangana kabusha kwamaJalimane ngo-1990. Kuyiholide lezwe futhi ligujwa ngemikhosi yokuphakamisa ifulegi, iziqhumane, nemikhosi. I-Pfingsten (Whitsun): I-Pfingsten igujwa ngempelasonto yePhentekoste, okuyizinsuku ezingu-50 ngemva kwePhasika. Isikhathi samapikiniki, sokuqwala izintaba, neminye imisebenzi yangaphandle. I-Volkstrauertag (Usuku Lokuzila Kwezwe): I-Volkstrauertag ibhekwa ngo-Okthoba 30th ukukhumbula izisulu zempi kanye nodlame lwezombusazwe. Kuwusuku lokukhumbula nokuthula. Ngaphezu kwalawa maholide kazwelonke, izwe ngalinye laseJalimane linamaholidi alo nemikhosi egujwa endaweni.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
I-Germany ihamba phambili ngokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni, egxile kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe. Nakhu okufingqiwe kwesimo sohwebo lwaseJalimane lwangaphandle: IJalimane iyizwe elithuthuke kakhulu ngezimboni elinomkhakha wezokukhiqiza oqinile. Ukuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe kuhlukene futhi kuyahlukahluka kusukela emishinini, ezimotweni, namakhemikhali kuya kweye-elekthronikhi, impahla yamehlo, nezindwangu. Abalingani abakhulu baseJalimane abathumela impahla kwamanye amazwe ngamanye amazwe ase-Europe, i-United States, ne-China. Abalingani abaphezulu beJalimane abangenisa impahla ngaphandle bangamazwe ase-Europe, kanti i-China ne-United States zenza amazwe amathathu aphezulu. Okungeniswa eJalimane kufaka phakathi izinto ezingavuthiwe, imikhiqizo yamandla, nezimpahla zabathengi. Izivumelwano zohwebo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubomgomo yezohwebo yangaphandle yaseJalimane. Izwe selisayine izivumelwano eziningi zokuhwebelana ngokukhululeka namanye amazwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhwebelana nokutshalwa kwezimali. Isibonelo, iJalimane iyilungu lenyunyana ye-European Union futhi isayine izivumelwano namanye amazwe anjengeSwitzerland, Canada, neSouth Korea. I-Germany nayo igxile kakhulu ekuthumeleni impahla ezimakethe ezisafufusa. Isungule ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana namazwe anjenge-India, iBrazil, neRussia ukuze ikhulise isabelo sayo semakethe kule minotho ekhula ngokushesha. Sekukonke, uhwebo lwaseJalimane lwangaphandle lubalulekile emnothweni wayo, njengoba izimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zibalelwa ku-45% we-GDP yakhona. Uhulumeni ukugqugquzela ngenkuthalo ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe ngokusebenzisa izikhungo ezahlukene kanye nezinkampani ezibolekisa ngemali ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi izinkampani zaseJalimane zithola izimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe futhi zingakwazi ukuncintisana ngempumelelo.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
Amandla okuthuthukiswa kwemakethe eJalimane abalulekile kubathumeli bangaphandle. Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani i-Germany ihlala iyimakethe ekhangayo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe: Umnotho othuthuke kakhulu: IJalimane ingumnotho omkhulu kunazo zonke eYurophu futhi ingeyesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni. I-GDP yayo ngomuntu ngamunye iphakathi kwephezulu kakhulu e-EU, ihlinzeka ngemakethe ezinzile necebile yezimpahla nezinsizakalo zangaphandle. Isidingo esinamandla semikhiqizo yekhwalithi: AmaJalimane aziwa ngamazinga aphezulu kanye nesidingo semikhiqizo yekhwalithi. Lokhu kunikeza ithuba kubathumeli bangaphandle ukuthi banikele ngezimpahla zekhwalithi ephezulu futhi baqhudelane emakethe yaseJalimane. Ukusetshenziswa okuqinile kwasekhaya: Imakethe yaseJalimane inezinga eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya, eliqhutshwa yisigaba esiphakathi esikhulu nesiphumelelayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa isidingo esiqhubekayo semikhiqizo namasevisi ahlukahlukene, okwenza iJalimane ibe imakethe ethembekile yabathumeli bangaphandle. Ukwenza ibhizinisi kalula: I-Germany inengqalasizinda ethuthukiswe kahle, isistimu yezomthetho esobala, kanye nohlaka oluqinile lokulawula okwenza kube lula ukuthi amabhizinisi asebenze. Izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe zingasungula ukusebenza eJalimane kalula futhi zibe nokufinyelela kubasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kahle. Ukusondela kwezinye izimakethe zaseYurophu: Indawo yaseJalimane enkabeni ye-Europe yenza kube lula ukufinyelela kwezinye izimakethe ezinkulu zaseYurophu. Lokhu kunikeza ithuba kubathumeli bangaphandle ukuthi basebenzise iJalimane njengesango eliya kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Umnotho ohlukene: Umnotho waseJalimane uhlukene, nemikhakha efana nokukhiqiza, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nezinsizakalo ezithuthukayo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa isidingo esihlukahlukene semikhiqizo namasevisi angaphandle kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Kafushane, iJalimane isalokhu iyimakethe ekhangayo kakhulu yabathumeli bangaphandle ngenxa yomnotho wayo ozinzile, ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwasekhaya, indawo evumelana nebhizinisi, ukusondela kwezinye izimakethe zaseYurophu, kanye nomnotho ohlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukungena emakethe yaseJalimane kudinga ucwaningo olunzulu lwemakethe, ukuqonda imithetho yendawo kanye nezinqubo zebhizinisi, nokuzibophezela ekuhlangabezaneni nezindinganiso eziphakeme zabathengi baseJalimane.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Imikhiqizo edume kakhulu ezothunyelwa eJalimane ihlanganisa: Imishini Nezisetshenziswa: IJalimane ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili wemishini nemishini yezimboni. Abathumeli bangaphandle bangaphandle bangazuza ngokuhlinzeka ngemishini nemishini yekhwalithi ephezulu yezimboni ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezezimoto, ezokukhiqiza, nezobunjiniyela. Izingxenye Zezimoto Nezesekeli: I-Germany ingumkhiqizi wezimoto ohamba phambili, futhi imboni yayo yezimoto inegalelo elikhulu emnothweni wayo. Abathumeli bangaphandle bangakwazi ukwenza imali ngokuhlinzeka ngezingxenye zezimoto, izingxenye, kanye nezinsiza kubakhiqizi bezimoto baseJalimane nabaphakeli. Izisetshenziswa zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi: I-Germany inemboni kagesi neye-elekthronikhi ethuthukayo, enesidingo esinamandla sezingxenye, amadivaysi, namasistimu. Abathumeli bangaphandle banganikela ngemikhiqizo emisha kulo mkhakha, okufaka phakathi ama-semiconductors, amabhodi wesekethe, nezinye izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Amakhemikhali Nezinto Ezithuthukile: I-Germany ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili wamakhemikhali nezinto ezithuthukisiwe, egxile ekusungulweni nasekusimameni. Abathumeli bangaphandle banganikela ngamakhemikhali anoveli, ama-polymers, nezinye izinto ezithuthukisiwe ezingasetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene njengokunakekelwa kwezempilo, izimonyo, nezokwakha. Izimpahla Zabathengi: I-Germany inemakethe yabathengi eqinile enesidingo esikhulu semikhiqizo yekhwalithi. Abathumeli bangaphandle banganikeza uhla lwezimpahla zabathengi, okuhlanganisa izingubo zemfashini, izicathulo, izinto zemihlobiso yasekhaya, nezinto zikagesi ezithengwayo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Imikhiqizo Yokudla Nezolimo: I-Germany inemakethe yokudla ehlukahlukene futhi eqondayo, egxile emikhiqizweni yasendaweni neqhubekayo. Abathumeli bangaphandle bangakwazi ukwenza imali ngokuhlinzeka ngokudla kwekhwalithi, imikhiqizo yezolimo, kanye neziphuzo ezihlangabezana nolwanga lwaseJalimane. Kafushane, imikhiqizo edume kakhulu ethunyelwa eJalimane imishini nemishini, izingxenye zezimoto nezinye izinsimbi, izinto zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi, amakhemikhali nezinto eziphambili, izimpahla zabathengi, nokudla nemikhiqizo yezolimo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo lwemakethe olunzulu ukuze uhlonze izindawo ezithile zomkhiqizo noma izigaba ezinesidingo esikhulu noma ezihlukile emakethe yaseJalimane.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
Lapho uthekelisa eJalimane, kubalulekile ukuqonda izici nokuthandwa ngamakhasimende aseJalimane ukuze uqinisekise ukuthengisa okuphumelelayo nokungena emakethe. Nawa amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwacabangele: Amazinga Ekhwalithi: AmaJalimane abeka inani eliphakeme kukhwalithi, ukunemba, nokwethembeka. Balindele ukuthi imikhiqizo namasevisi ahlangabezane nezindinganiso zabo eziphakeme, futhi bajabulela ukunakwa ngemininingwane. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yakho kanye nesethulo sisezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuqwashisa Ngomkhiqizo: AmaJalimane anomqondo oqinile wokwethembeka komkhiqizo futhi avame ukwethembeka ezinkampanini ezaziwa kakhulu nezithenjwayo. Kubalulekile ukwakha ubuwena bebhrendi obuqinile nesithunzi ukuze uqhudelane emakethe yaseJalimane. Okuncanyelwayo Kwasendaweni: Abantu baseJalimane banokuthanda okuthile nokuthandwayo ngokwemikhiqizo namasevisi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda okuncamelayo kwendawo, imikhuba yamasiko, namathrendi ukuze wenze umnikelo wakho ngendlela efanele. Ubumfihlo Nokuvikeleka Kwedatha: AmaJalimane akhathazeke kakhulu ngobumfihlo nokuvikeleka kwedatha. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthobela imithetho eqinile yokuvikela idatha futhi uphatha imininingwane yekhasimende ngokuyimfihlo. Ukwenziwa Kwezinqumo Eziyinkimbinkimbi: AmaJalimane avame ukuqapha futhi ahlaziye enqubweni yawo yokuthatha izinqumo. Kungathatha isikhathi ukuthi benze isinqumo sokuthenga, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukunikeza lonke ulwazi oludingekayo futhi ubonise inani lomkhiqizo noma isevisi yakho. Ukuhlonipha Ubuholi: AmaJalimane anomqondo oqinile wokubusa kanye nemithetho elandelwayo, egcizelela ukwenza okusemthethweni nokuhlonipha igunya. Uma usebenzisana namakhasimende aseJalimane, kubalulekile ukugcina isimilo esifanele, ukusebenzisa ulimi olusemthethweni, nokuhlonipha ukwakheka kwawo okulandelanayo. Izindlela Zebhizinisi Ezisemthethweni: AmaJalimane akhetha izinqubo zebhizinisi ezisemthethweni kanye nephrothokholi. Kubalulekile ukulandela izinqubo ezifanele, ukusebenzisa amakhadi ebhizinisi asemthethweni, futhi wethule umnikelo wakho ngendlela yobungcweti. Kafushane, amakhasimende aseJalimane ajwayele ukwazisa ikhwalithi, ukunemba, ukwethembeka, nesithunzi somkhiqizo. Banezinto abazithandayo zendawo, bakhathazekile ngobumfihlo nokuvikeleka kwedatha, futhi bancamela izinqubo zebhizinisi ezisemthethweni. Kubalulekile ukuqonda lezi zici futhi uvumelanise ukunikezwa komkhiqizo wakho, isitayela sokuxhumana, nezinqubo zebhizinisi ngokufanele ukuze uphumelele emakethe yaseJalimane.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
Ukuphathwa kwempahla yaseJalimane kuyingxenye ebalulekile yezinqubomgomo zezohwebo nezomnotho zaseJalimane. Iqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwemithetho yentela, iqoqe imali yentela kanye nezinye izintela, futhi iphoqelele imithethonqubo yokungenisa nokuthekelisa. Ukuphathwa kwempahla yaseJalimane kuhleleke kakhulu futhi kusebenza kahle, kugxile kakhulu kwezokuphepha nokuphepha. Inedumela lokuba nesandla esiqinile nokucophelela ekuhloleni nasekucwaningeni kwamabhuku aphuma kwamanye amazwe nabathumela kwamanye amazwe. Ukungenisa noma ukuthekelisa izimpahla eJalimane, kuyadingeka ukuthobela uhla lwemithethonqubo nezinqubo zentela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugcwalisa izimemezelo zentela, ukuthola amalayisense adingekayo nezitifiketi, nokukhokha intela yempahla kanye nezinye izintela. Abathekelisa nabathumela ngaphandle kumele futhi baqinisekise ukuthi izimpahla zabo zithobelana nezindinganiso zokuphepha komkhiqizo waseJalimane kanye nekhwalithi. Iziphathimandla zentela yaseJalimane zigcizelela kakhulu ukulwa nokushushumbiswa, ukwephulwa kwamalungelo empahla yobuhlakani, neminye imisebenzi engekho emthethweni. Basebenzisana eduze namanye amazwe angamalungu e-European Union ukuze babelane ngolwazi futhi baxhumanise imizamo kulezi zindawo. Kafushane, ukuphathwa kwempahla yaseJalimane kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhamba kahle kwezohwebo nomsebenzi wezomnotho phakathi kweJalimane ne-European Union. Abathekelisi nabathumela ngaphandle kumele bazi futhi bahambisane nemithetho yayo ukuze bagweme ukubambezeleka okungaba khona, izinhlawulo, noma ezinye izinhlawulo.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
Inqubomgomo yentela yokungenisa yaseJalimane iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iqukethe izintela ezimbalwa ezihlukene namazinga angahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezimpahla ezingenisiwe. Nakhu okufingqiwe kwezintela eziyinhloko namazinga asebenza ezimpahleni ezingenisiwe eJalimane: Customs duty: Lena intela ebekwe ezimpahleni ezingenisiwe ehluka kuye ngohlobo lwezimpahla, umsuka wazo, kanye nenani lazo. Intela yempahla ibalwa njengephesenti yenani lezimpahla noma amanani athile. I-Value-Added Tax (VAT): Intela yokusetshenziswa esetshenziswa ekuthengisweni kwezimpahla namasevisi e-Germany. Lapho ungenisa izimpahla, i-VAT isetshenziswa ngezinga elijwayelekile lika-19% (noma amanani aphansi kwezinye izimpahla namasevisi). I-VAT ivamise ukufakwa enanini lezimpahla futhi iqoqwa umthengisi ngesikhathi sokuthengisa. I-Excise Duty: Lena intela ebekwe ezimpahleni ezithile, njengotshwala, ugwayi, namafutha. Imali yentela ibalwa ngokusekelwe enanini lezimpahla futhi ingasetshenziswa ngamanani ahlukene kuye ngohlobo lwezimpahla. Umsebenzi Wesitembu: Intela ebekwe kumadokhumenti athile nemisebenzi, njengama-invoyisi, izinkontileka, nezibambiso. Umsebenzi wesitembu ubalwa ngokusekelwe kunani lomsebenzi kanye nohlobo lwedokhumenti ehilelekile. Ngaphezu kwalezi zintela, kungase kube nezinye iziqondiso ezithile zokungenisa kanye nezimfuneko ezisebenza ezimpahleni ezithile, njengezabelo, amalayisense okungenisa, kanye nesitifiketi somkhiqizo. Abangenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe kumele bahambisane nayo yonke imithetho nezintela ezifanele ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ukungenisa kwabo kusemthethweni futhi kungaqedwa ngemithetho yentela.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
Inqubomgomo yentela yokungenisa yaseJalimane yakhelwe ukuvikela imboni yasekhaya futhi ikhuthaze ukuncintisana okufanelekile kuyilapho ingenisa imali kuhulumeni. Inqubomgomo iqukethe izintela eziningana ezahlukene namazinga angahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezimpahla ezingenisiwe. Enye yentela eyinhloko esetshenziswa ezimpahleni ezivela kwamanye amazwe yintela yentela. Le ntela ibalwa ngokusekelwe enanini lezimpahla, umsuka wazo, kanye nohlobo lomkhiqizo. Intela yempahla isukela kumaphesenti ambalwa ukuya ngaphezulu kwamaphesenti angama-20 yenani lezimpahla, kuye ngesigaba esithile semikhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwentela yempahla, izimpahla ezingenisiwe zingase futhi zibe ngaphansi kwe-value-added tax (VAT). I-VAT intela yokusetshenziswa esetshenziswa ekuthengisweni kwezimpahla namasevisi e-Germany. Izinga le-VAT elijwayelekile lingu-19%, kodwa futhi kukhona amanani ancishisiwe ezimpahla namasevisi athile. I-VAT ivamise ukufakwa enanini lezimpahla futhi iqoqwa umthengisi ngesikhathi sokuthengisa. Ezinye izintela ezingase zisebenze ezimpahleni ezingenisiwe zihlanganisa intela kanye nentela yesitembu. Intela ekhokhiswayo intela ebekwe ezimpahleni ezithile ezifana notshwala, ugwayi, namafutha. Umsebenzi wezitembu intela esetshenziswa kumadokhumenti athile kanye nemisebenzi efana nama-invoyisi, izinkontileka, nezibambiso. Ngokungeziwe kulezi zintela, kungase kube neminye imithetho ethile yokungenisa kanye nezimfuneko ezisebenza ezimpahleni ezithile. Lokhu kungafaka ama-quota, amalayisense okungenisa, kanye nezidingo zesitifiketi somkhiqizo. Abangenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe kumele bahambisane nayo yonke imithetho nezintela ezifanele ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ukungenisa kwabo kusemthethweni futhi kungaqedwa ngemithetho yentela. Inqubomgomo yentela yokungenisa yaseJalimane ihlose ukulinganisa izintshisakalo zabakhiqizi basekhaya, abathengi, kanye nemali engenayo kahulumeni kuyilapho futhi iphromotha uhwebo olunobulungiswa nokuncintisana. Abathekelisi kudingeka baqaphele izintela namazinga ahlukene asebenza ezimpahleni zabo futhi baqinisekise ukuthobela yonke imithetho efanele ukuze bagweme izinhlawulo noma ukubambezeleka ekukhishweni kwempahla.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
Izimpahla ezithunyelwa eJalimane ngokuvamile zidingeka ukuze zihlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile zokuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo kuhlangabezana namazinga e-EU. Nazi ezinye izimfuneko ezijwayelekile zokuthunyelwa kwe-Germany: Isitifiketi se-CE: Isitifiketi se-CE siyisitifiketi esiyisibopho se-European Union, futhi izimpahla ezithunyelwa eJalimane kufanele zihambisane neziqondiso ezifanele kanye namazinga wesitifiketi se-CE. Isitifiketi se-CE sihlanganisa izindawo eziningi zomkhiqizo, okuhlanganisa imishini, okokusebenza kwezokwelapha, okokusebenza kwe-elekthronikhi, njll. Abathumeli bangaphandle kudingeka bafake isicelo sesitifiketi se-CE kumgwamanda ogunyazwe yi-EU, futhi benze ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa komkhiqizo ngokuhambisana namazinga afanele futhi imithethonqubo. Isitifiketi se-GS: Isitifiketi se-GS wuphawu lwesitifiketi sokuphepha saseJalimane, ikakhulukazi ezimpahleni zasendlini, izinto zokukhanyisa, izinto zikagesi kanye neminye imikhakha yemikhiqizo. Uma ufuna ukuthola isitifiketi se-GS, udinga ukuphasa ukuhlolwa okuqinile nokuhlola okwenziwa yinhlangano yangaphandle yokuhlola eyaziwa e-Germany, futhi uhlangabezane nezindinganiso ezifanele zokuphepha, ukusebenza kanye nemvelo. Isitifiketi se-TuV: Isitifiketi se-TuV wuphawu lwesitifiketi lwe-German Technical Supervision Association, olusetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni esemkhakheni wezogesi, imishini nobuchwepheshe bolwazi. Abathumeli bangaphandle badinga ukuqinisekiswa kwe-TuV ukuze bafakazele ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo ithobela izindinganiso nemithethonqubo efanele, futhi baphumelele ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa okuqinile yizinhlangano zokuhlola zezinkampani zangaphandle. Isitifiketi se-VDE: Isitifiketi se-VDE wuphawu lwesitifiketi saseJalimane sezinto zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi, zezinto zikagesi, izinto zasendlini kanye neminye imikhakha yemikhiqizo. Ukuze uthole isitifiketi se-VDE, izimpahla ezithunyelwa eJalimane zidinga ukuphasa izivivinyo nokuhlola okwenziwa izinhlangano zokuhlola ezigunyaziwe ezivela eceleni eJalimane futhi zihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezifanele zokuphepha, ukusebenza kanye nemvelo. Ngokungeziwe ezimfuneko ezingenhla ezijwayelekile zokufaneleka, izimpahla ezithunyelwa e-Germany nazo zidinga ukuthobelana namanye amazinga afanelekile nemithethonqubo, efana noMthetho Wokuphepha Komkhiqizo wase-German kanye Nomthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwabathengi. Ngaphambi kokuthekelisa, kuyanconywa ukuthi abathumeli bangaphandle baxhumane nomthengi wase-Germany ongenisa kwamanye amazwe noma i-ejensi yokuhlola yenkampani yangaphandle eyaziwayo yaseJalimane ukuze baqonde izimfuneko ezithile zesitifiketi sokufaneleka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umkhiqizo ungangena ngempumelelo emakethe yase-Germany.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
EJalimane izinkampani zokuthutha ezihlobene nokungenisa nokuthekelisa, kunezinkampani ezimbalwa ezaziwayo ongakhetha kuzo. Nazi izinkampani zelogistics ezinconyiwe: I-DHL: I-DHL iyinkampani ehamba phambili emhlabeni yokulethwa kwezidingo kanye nempahla, kanye nenkampani yasendaweni ye-Courier eJalimane, engahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokugunyazwa kwentela. I-FedEx: Ikomkhulu layo lihlala e-United States, ingenye yezinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni zokulethwa kwezidingongqangi, ezihlinzeka ngokulethwa okusheshayo, ukuthuthwa kwezindiza, ezokuthutha zomhlaba kanye nezinye izinsiza zokuthutha. I-UPS: Ikomkhulu layo lihlala e-United States, i-UPS ingenye yezinkampani ezinkulu emhlabeni zokulethwa kwamaphakheji, ehlinzeka ngezinsiza ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokulethwa kwamaphakheji, impahla yomoya, kanye nokuthutha olwandle. I-Kuehne+Nagel: Ikomkhulu layo e-Switzerland, i-Kuehne+Nagel ingomunye wabahlinzeki abakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni bezinsizakalo ze-logistics zenkampani yangaphandle, ehlinzeka ngezinsiza eziningi ezihlanganisa ulwandle, umoya, umhlaba, indawo yokugcina impahla, izixazululo zeketango lokunikezela ngezifiso nokunye. I-DB Schenker: Ikomkhulu layo eliseJalimane, i-DB Schenker ingenye yezinkampani ezihamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele zezinsizakalo zezokuthutha, ehlinzeka ngezimpahla zomoya, ulwandle, ezokuthutha ezihamba phansi, indawo yokugcina impahla kanye nezinye izinsiza. Ama-Expeditors: Ikomkhulu lawo e-United States, i-Expeditors ingenye yezinkampani ezihamba phambili emhlabeni zesevisi yezokuthutha, ehlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezomoya, ulwandle, umhlaba kanye nesimemezelo sezimpahla. I-Panalpina: Ikomkhulu e-Switzerland, i-Panalpina ingomunye wabahlinzeki besevisi abahamba phambili emhlabeni, ehlinzeka ngolwandle, umoya, umhlaba, indawo yokugcina impahla, izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ze-supply chain nezinye izinsizakalo. Lezi zinkampani zezokuthutha zinenethiwekhi yesevisi ebanzi emhlabeni wonke futhi zingahlinzeka ngezixazululo ezibanzi zezokuthutha, okuhlanganisa ukugunyazwa kwempahla, ezokuthutha, indawo yokugcina impahla kanye nezinye izinsizakalo. Lapho ukhetha inkampani yezokuthutha, kuyanconywa ukuthi ucabangele izici ezifana nebanga lesevisi yayo, intengo, ukwethembeka, nolwazi lokusebenza nemakethe yendawo.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

Kunemibukiso eminingana ebalulekile ebambe iqhaza ngabathumeli bempahla eJalimane, okuhlanganisa: I-Hannover Messe: I-Hannover Messe ingumbukiso wezobuchwepheshe ohamba phambili emhlabeni, owenziwa minyaka yonke eHanover, eJalimane. Ihlanganisa imikhakha eminingi efana ne-industrial automation, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, kanye ne-industrial supply chain. Abathekelisi bemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene nale mikhakha bangabamba iqhaza kulo mbukiso ukuze bakhangise ngemikhiqizo yabo nobuchwepheshe futhi bahlole namathuba ebhizinisi. I-CeBIT: I-CeBIT ingumbukiso wezobuchwepheshe omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni, owenziwa minyaka yonke eHanover, eJalimane. Igxile kumathrendi akamuva nobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe bolwazi, okuhlanganisa i-cloud computing, idatha enkulu, ubuchwepheshe beselula, nokuningi. Abathekelisi bemikhiqizo namasevisi edijithali bangabamba iqhaza kulo mbukiso ukuze bakhuthaze imikhiqizo yabo nobuchwepheshe futhi bandise isabelo sabo semakethe. I-IFA: I-IFA ingumbukiso ohamba phambili emhlabeni wabathengi bezinto zikagesi, oba minyaka yonke eBerlin, eJalimane. Ibonisa imikhiqizo yakamuva nobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wezinto zikagesi ezithengwayo, okuhlanganisa ikhaya elihlakaniphile, omakhalekhukhwini, amathebulethi, izinto ezigqokekayo, nokunye okwengeziwe. Abathekelisi bemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi yabathengi bangabamba iqhaza kulo mbukiso ukuze bakhangise imikhiqizo yabo futhi bahlole amathuba okubambisana nemikhiqizo nabasabalalisi baseJalimane nabaseYurophu. I-Düsseldorf Caravan Salon: I-Düsseldorf Caravan Salon ingumbukiso ohamba phambili emhlabeni wemboni ye-RV nekharavani, obanjwa minyaka yonke e-Düsseldorf, eJalimane. Iheha ababukisi nezivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke ezibambe iqhaza embonini ye-RV nekharavani. Abathumeli bangaphandle bemikhiqizo ye-RV kanye nekharavani bangabamba iqhaza kulo mbukiso ukuze babonise imikhiqizo yabo nobuchwepheshe futhi bandise isabelo sabo semakethe. Le mibukiso iyizinkundla ezibalulekile zabathumeli bangaphandle ukuze bakhuthaze imikhiqizo yabo nobuchwepheshe, bandise isabelo sabo semakethe, futhi bahlole amathuba okubambisana nemikhiqizo nabasabalalisi baseJalimane nabaseYurophu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezimboni nemikhiqizo ehlukene, ukukhethwa kwemibukiso yokubamba iqhaza nakho kuyahlukahluka. Kunconywa ukuthi abathengisi bangaphandle bakhethe imibukiso ngokuya ngezici zabo zemboni kanye nemigqa yomkhiqizo ukuze bathole imiphumela engcono yokuphromotha.
I-Germany ivamise ukusebenzisa amawebhusayithi okusesha alandelayo: I-Google: I-Google iyinjini yokusesha edume kakhulu eJalimane, kanye nomhlaba wonke. Inikeza ulwazi olulula nolusebenzayo lokusesha, futhi inikeza izinsiza ezihlukahlukene eziwusizo, njenge-Google Amamephu, i-Google Translate, ne-YouTube. I-Bing: I-Bing iyinjini yokusesha edumile eJalimane, enesisekelo sabasebenzisi esikhula kancane kancane. Imiphumela yosesho lwe-Bing ivame ukubhekwa njengenembe kakhulu futhi ifaneleka kune-Google, futhi inikeza izici ezihlukahlukene eziwusizo, njengokusesha izithombe nokuhlela uhambo. I-Yahoo: I-Yahoo enye injini yokusesha edumile e-Germany, enesizinda somsebenzisi esigxile kakhulu eqenjini labantu abadala. I-Yahoo Search ihlinzeka ngesixhumi esibonakalayo esilula nesisebenziseka kalula, futhi iphinde inikeze izinhlobonhlobo zezinsiza eziwusizo, njenge-Yahoo Mail kanye ne-Yahoo Finance. Ngaphezu kwalezi zinjini zokusesha, kukhona nezinjini zokusesha ezikhethekile e-Germany, njenge-Baidu (isetshenziswa kakhulu izikhulumi zesiShayina) kanye ne-Ebay's Kijiji (injini yokusesha eyimfihlo). Kodwa-ke, lezi zinjini zokusesha ezikhethekile azidumile njengezinjini zokusesha ezishiwo ngenhla.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

Lapho uthekelisa e-Germany, kunamakhasi ambalwa aphuzi avame ukusetshenziswa anganikeza ulwazi oluwusizo nezisetshenziswa zabathumeli ngaphandle. Nazi ezinye zazo kanye nama-URL azo: I-Yell.de: I-Yell.de iyiwebhusayithi edumile yamakhasi aphuzi yaseJalimane enikeza imininingwane enemininingwane ngamabhizinisi namasevisi e-Germany. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe imikhiqizo namasevisi ngesigaba, indawo, noma igama elingukhiye, futhi inikeza imininingwane yokuxhumana nolwazi olwengeziwe lwamabhizinisi asohlwini. I-URL: http://www.yell.de/ I-T Kupfer: I-TKupfer ingenye iwebhusayithi edumile yamakhasi aphuzi aseJalimane enikeza ulwazi olubanzi ngamabhizinisi namasevisi aseJalimane. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe imikhiqizo namasevisi ngesigaba noma ngegama elingukhiye, futhi inikeza imininingwane yokuxhumana, amamephu, kanye nolwazi olwengeziwe lwamabhizinisi asohlwini. I-URL: https://www.tkupfer.de/ I-G Übelt: I-Gübelin yiwebhusayithi yamakhasi aphuzi yaseJalimane enikeza imininingwane yebhizinisi enemininingwane, okuhlanganisa imininingwane yokuxhumana, imikhiqizo namasevisi, nokunye. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe amabhizinisi ngesigaba, indawo, noma igama elingukhiye, futhi ihlinzeka ngezici ezengeziwe ezihlukile njengezibuyekezo zebhizinisi namathuluzi okuqhathanisa. I-URL: https://www.g-uebelt.de/ B Amakhasi Aphuzi: I-B Yellow Pages yisizindalwazi samakhasi aphuzi saseJalimane esihlinzeka ngemininingwane yebhizinisi enemininingwane kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe amabhizinisi ngesigaba, indawo, noma igama elingukhiye, futhi inikeza izici ezengeziwe ezifana nezinkomba ze-inthanethi nezinjini zokusesha zasendaweni. I-URL: https://www.b-yellowpages.de/ Lawa makhasi aphuzi angahlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile kumabhizinisi namasevisi aseJalimane, okuhlanganisa imininingwane yokuxhumana, imikhiqizo namasevisi ahlinzekwayo, kanye nolwazi olwengeziwe ukuze lusize abathumeli bangaphandle bakhombe abangaba ozakwethu bebhizinisi futhi baqonde imakethe yendawo kangcono. Kodwa-ke, kuyanconywa ukuthi abathumeli bangaphandle baqinisekise ukunemba kolwazi olunikeziwe futhi bathinte amabhizinisi mathupha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuxhumana nokubambisana.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

IJalimane ivamise ukusebenzisa amapulatifomu e-e-commerce alandelayo: I-Amazon.de: I-Amazon iyinkundla ye-e-commerce enkulu kunazo zonke eJalimane, ehlinzeka ngemikhiqizo namasevisi anhlobonhlobo. Inikeza ukuthenga ku-inthanethi okulula, izintengo ezincintisanayo, nezinketho zokulethwa okusheshayo. I-URL: https://www.amazon.de/ I-eBay.de: I-eBay enye inkundla ye-e-commerce edumile eJalimane, ehlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene namasevisi avela kubathengisi ngabanye nabathengisi. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babhide ezintweni noma bazithenge ngamanani angashintshi. I-URL: https://www.ebay.de/ I-Zalando: I-Zalando iyinkundla ye-e-commerce yaseJalimane egxile emikhiqizweni yemfashini nendlela yokuphila. Inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezimpahla zokugqoka, izicathulo, izesekeli, nokunye, ngokugxila ezintweni zemfashini nezemfashini. I-URL: https://www.zalando.de/ I-Otto: I-Otto iyinkundla ye-e-commerce yaseJalimane esebenza ngokukhethekile ngezingubo zabesilisa nabesifazane, kanye nemikhiqizo yasekhaya nephilayo. Inikeza ukukhetha okubanzi kwemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ngamanani ancintisanayo. I-URL: https://www.otto.de/ I-MyHermes: I-MyHermes iyinkundla ye-e-commerce yaseJalimane egxile ekuletheni amaphasela ezindlini zamakhasimende. Ihlinzeka ngensizakalo yokulethwa elula nethembekile yokuthenga ku-inthanethi, nezinketho zokulethwa okuhleliwe noma amaphuzu okulanda. I-URL: https://www.myhermes.de/ Lezi zinkundla ze-e-commerce zinikeza izinketho ezilula zokuthenga ku-inthanethi kumakhasimende aseJalimane, ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene nezinsizakalo ongakhetha kuzo. Abathekelisi abafuna ukufinyelela emakethe yaseJalimane kufanele bacabangele ukufaka kuhlu imikhiqizo yabo kulezi zinkundla ukuze bakhulise ukubonakala nokuthengisa kwabo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda amandla emakethe athile kanye nezithameli eziqondiwe zesikhulumi ngasinye ukuze sizuze impumelelo emakethe ye-e-commerce yaseJalimane.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

Uma kukhulunywa ngezinkundla zokuxhumana eJalimane, nazi ezidume kakhulu kanye nama-URL azo: I-Facebook: I-Facebook iyinkundla yezokuxhumana ethandwa kakhulu eJalimane, esetshenziswa izigidi zabantu ukuxhumana nabangane, umndeni, nezinye izithakazelo. Ihlinzeka ngezici ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ukwabelana ngezithombe namavidiyo, ukuthumela izibuyekezo zesimo, nokujoyina amaqembu. I-URL: https://www.facebook.com/ I-Instagram: I-Instagram iyinkundla yezokuxhumana edumile eJalimane, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabasebenzisi abasebasha. Yaziwa ngamakhono ayo okwabelana ngezithombe namavidiyo, ngezihlungi kanye Nezindaba zokuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi. I-URL: https://www.instagram.com/ I-Twitter: I-Twitter idumile futhi eJalimane, isetshenziselwa ukwabelana ngemiyalezo emifushane noma "ama-tweets" nabalandeli. Abasebenzisi bangalandelana, bahlanganyele ezingxoxweni, futhi bathole izihloko ezihamba phambili. I-URL: https://www.twitter.com/ I-YouTube: I-YouTube iyinkundla yokwabelana ngamavidiyo edume kakhulu e-Germany. Abasebenzisi bangabuka amavidiyo ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa umculo, ezokuzijabulisa, izindaba, nokuningi. Iphinde ivumele abadali ukuthi balayishe okwabo okuqukethwe futhi bakhe okulandelayo. I-URL: https://www.youtube.com/ I-TikTok: I-TikTok iyinkundla yezokuxhumana entsha esanda kuthola udumo eJalimane, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabasebenzisi abasebasha. Yaziwa ngokuqukethwe kwayo kwevidiyo yefomu elifushane kanye nezihlungi zokudala nemiphumela. I-URL: https://www.tiktok.com/ Lezi zinkundla zokuxhumana zisetshenziswa kakhulu amaJalimane ukuze uhlale uxhumekile, wabelane ngolwazi, futhi uhlanganyele nabanye. Abathumeli bangaphandle bangasebenzisa lezi zinkundla ukuze baphromothe imikhiqizo yabo futhi bakhe umphakathi ozungeze imikhiqizo yabo ngokusebenzisana namakhasimende, ukwabelana ngokuqukethwe okufanele, nokukhangisa imikhiqizo yabo ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhomba izethameli ezifanele futhi usebenzise amasu okuthengisa afanelekile ukuze uzuze impumelelo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana eJalimane.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

Uma kukhulunywa ngezinhlangano zezimboni eJalimane, kunezinhlangano ezimbalwa ezisungulwe kahle ezinikeza izinsiza ezibalulekile nokusekelwa kwabathumela ngaphandle. Nazi ezinye izinhlangano ezinconyiwe zezimboni eJalimane: I-Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie (BDI): I-BDI iyinhlangano yezimboni enkulu kunazo zonke eJalimane, emele izintshisekelo zemboni yaseJalimane nabaqashi. Inikeza ulwazi nezeluleko mayelana nokuthekelisa eJalimane, kanye namathuba okuxhumana nezinkampani zaseJalimane nochwepheshe bezimboni. I-URL: https://www.bdi.eu/ I-Bundesvereinigung der Deutschen Wirtschaft (BVDW): I-BVDW iyinhlangano ehamba phambili yamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo (ama-SME) eJalimane. Inikeza ulwazi nokusekelwa ekuthumeleni eJalimane, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngamathuba okuxhumana kanye nokubambisana kwama-SME. I-URL: https://www.bvdw.de/ I-VDMA: I-VDMA imele izintshisekelo zemboni yobunjiniyela bemishini yaseJalimane. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi kanye nokwesekwa ekuthumeleni eJalimane, okuhlanganisa ucwaningo lwemakethe, ohambweni lwezohwebo, nokubamba iqhaza emibukisweni yezohwebo. I-URL: https://www.vdma.org/ I-ZVEI: I-ZVEI imele imboni kagesi neye-electronics eJalimane. Inikeza ulwazi nokusekelwa ekuthumeleni eJalimane, okuhlanganisa ucwaningo lwemakethe, ukunikezwa isitifiketi komkhiqizo, nokubamba iqhaza emibukisweni yezohwebo. I-URL: https://www.zvei.org/ I-BME: I-BME imele imboni yezinto zokwakha yaseJalimane. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi nokusekelwa ekuthumeleni eJalimane, okuhlanganisa ucwaningo lwemakethe, ukunikezwa isitifiketi komkhiqizo, nokubamba iqhaza emibukisweni yezohwebo. I-URL: https://www.bme.eu/ Lezi zinhlangano zezimboni zinikeza izinsiza ezibalulekile kanye nokwesekwa kwabathumela ngaphandle abafuna ukungena emakethe yaseJalimane. Bangahlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nezitayela zemakethe, imithethonqubo, nezinqubo ezihamba phambili, kanye namathuba okuxhumana nezinkampani zaseJalimane nochwepheshe bezimboni. Kunconywa ukuthi uxhumane nalezi zinhlangano ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe futhi uhlole amathuba okubambisana nempumelelo emakethe yaseJalimane.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

Uma kuziwa kumawebhusayithi ahlobene nezomnotho kanye nezohwebo eJalimane, kunezinsiza ezimbalwa ezithembekile ezitholakalayo zabathumeli ngaphandle. Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi anconyiwe ahlinzeka ngolwazi ngezindaba zezomnotho nezohwebo zaseJalimane: I-German Trade Portal (Deutscher Handelsinstitut): I-German Trade Portal iyinkundla ye-inthanethi ebanzi ehlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nokuthekelisa eJalimane, okuhlanganisa ucwaningo lwemakethe, imikhondo yezohwebo, kanye nezinsizakalo ezifanayo zebhizinisi. I-URL: https://www.dhbw.de/ Kwenziwe eJalimane (Yenziwe eJalimane Iphothali Yokuthekelisa): Yenziwe eJalimane inkundla ye-inthanethi ebonisa okuhamba phambili kokukhiqiza nobunjiniyela baseJalimane, exhuma abathengi bomhlaba nabahlinzeki bempahla baseJalimane. I-URL: https://www.made-in-germany.com/ I-Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (Isikhungo SaseJalimane Socwaningo Lwezomnotho): Isikhungo saseJalimane Socwaningo Lwezomnotho siyisikhungo esihamba phambili socwaningo lwezomnotho eJalimane esishicilela imibiko nokuhlaziya ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene zomnotho, okuhlanganisa ukuthrenda kohwebo nezimboni. I-URL: https://www.diw.de/ I-Bundesamt für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (I-Ejensi Yokuthuthukiswa KwaseJalimane): I-Ejensi Yentuthuko YaseJalimane inomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhuthaza ukubambisana kokuthuthukiswa komnotho phakathi kweJalimane namanye amazwe, okuhlanganisa nokuhlinzeka ngolwazi ngamathuba ohwebo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali. I-URL: https://www.giz.de/ I-Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie (BDI): Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-BDI iyinhlangano yemboni enkulu kunazo zonke eJalimane futhi inikeza ulwazi nezeluleko mayelana nokuthekelisa eJalimane, okuhlanganisa ucwaningo lwemakethe kanye nezimo zemboni. I-URL: https://www.bdi.eu/ Lawa mawebhusayithi ahlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile nezisetshenziswa zabathumeli bangaphandle abafuna ukungena emakethe yaseJalimane noma bandise ibhizinisi labo eJalimane. Bahlinzeka ngocwaningo lwemakethe, imikhondo yohwebo, izinsizakalo zokufanisa ibhizinisi, nolunye ulwazi olubalulekile olungasiza abathumeli bangaphandle ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi bathole impumelelo emakethe yaseJalimane. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlole lawa mawebhusayithi futhi usebenzise izinsiza zawo ukuze uthole ukuqonda kangcono umnotho waseJalimane kanye nesimo sohwebo.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Uma kuziwa ekufinyeleleni idatha yezohwebo eJalimane, kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa athembekile ahlinzeka ngolwazi oluningiliziwe ngezibalo zokuhweba zaseJalimane namathrendi. Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi anconyiwe okufinyelela idatha yokuhweba yaseJalimane: I-Federal Statistical Office of Germany (DESTATIS): I-DESTATIS iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Federal Statistical Office yase-Germany futhi inikeza idatha egcwele yohwebo lwaseJalimane, okuhlanganisa izibalo zokungenisa nokuthekelisa, ozakwethu bezohwebo, nezigaba zomkhiqizo. I-URL: https://www.destatis.de/ I-European Commission's Trade Portal (Izibalo Zokuhweba): I-European Commission's Trade Portal inikeza idatha yohwebo enemininingwane yamazwe angamalungu e-EU, okuhlanganisa neJalimane. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafinyelele izibalo zokungenisa nokuthekelisa, izilinganiso zokuhweba, nolunye ulwazi olufanele lohwebo. I-URL: https://trade.ec.europa.eu/tradestatistic Ingqungquthela Yezizwe Ezihlangene Yezohwebo Nokuthuthukiswa (i-UNCTAD): I-UNCTAD ingumhlinzeki oholayo wedatha yezohwebo nokutshalwa kwezimali, okuhlanganisa nezibalo ezinemininingwane yohwebo lwaseJalimane. Ihlinzeka ngedatha ngokuhamba kohwebo, amanani entengo, nezinye izinkomba ezihlobene nohwebo. I-URL: https://unctad.org/en/Pages/Home.aspx I-International Trade Administration (ITA): I-ITA iyisikhungo sikahulumeni esinikeza ukufinyelela kudatha yase-U.S. yokungenisa nokuthekelisa, okuhlanganisa idatha yohwebo lwaseJalimane. Abasebenzisi bangasesha imininingwane yokungenisa kanye nokuthekelisa enemininingwane enhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo nezimakethe. I-URL: https://www.trade.gov/mas/ian/importexport/toolsresearch/dataresources/index.asp Lawa mawebhusayithi ahlinzeka ngedatha yohwebo ephelele nethembekile ekuhwebeni kwaseJalimane engasetshenziswa abathumeli, amabhizinisi, nabacwaningi ukuze baqonde izitayela zemakethe, bahlonze amathuba, futhi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi emakethe yaseJalimane. Ukufinyelela kudatha yezohwebo kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sabathumeli bangaphandle njengoba kunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ngomnotho waseJalimane nesimo sohwebo. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlole lawa mawebhusayithi futhi usebenzise izinsiza zawo ukuze uthole ukuqonda okungcono ngendawo yokuhweba yaseJalimane.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

Uma kuziwa kumawebhusayithi e-B2B (Ibhizinisi-kuya-Ibhizinisi) ukuze athunyelwe e-Germany, kunezinkundla ezimbalwa ezixhumanisa abahlinzeki nabathengi futhi zenze imisebenzi yohwebo ibe lula. Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi e-B2B anconyiwe ukuze athunyelwe eJalimane: 1.globalsources.com: I-Globalsources.com iyindawo yemakethe ehamba phambili ye-B2B exhumanisa abahlinzeki nabathengi emhlabeni wonke. Inikeza ububanzi bezinsizakalo nezici ukusiza abathumeli bangaphandle bafinyelele izimakethe eziqondiwe futhi benze imisebenzi yebhizinisi ngempumelelo. I-URL: https://www.globalsources.com/ I-2.made-in-china.com: I-Made-in-China.com iyinkundla ye-B2B ebhekelela abathengi bomhlaba wonke abafuna imikhiqizo yase-China nabahlinzeki. Ihlinzeka ngenkundla yabahlinzeki bempahla ukuze babonise imikhiqizo yabo futhi bafinyelele abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. I-URL: https://www.made-in-china.com/ 3.europages.com: I-Europages iwuhlu lwemibhalo lwe-B2B oluxhuma abahlinzeki nabathengi kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ihlinzeka ngamaphrofayili enkampani anemininingwane, izinhlu zemikhiqizo, kanye nolwazi ngezimboni nezimakethe ezahlukahlukene eYurophu. I-URL: https://www.europages.com/ 4.DHgate: I-DHgate iyinkundla ehamba phambili ye-B2B egxile ekuxhumaniseni abahlinzeki baseShayina nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo eziningi zokuhweba nezixazululo zokwenza lula ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke. I-URL: https://www.dhgate.com/ Lawa mawebhusayithi e-B2B ahlinzeka ngendawo yabathumeli kwamanye amazwe ukuze baxhumane nabangase bathenge, babonise imikhiqizo yabo, futhi banwebe ukufinyelela kwabo ezimakethe eJalimane. Iwebhusayithi ngayinye inezici namasevisi ayo ahlukile, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba abathekelisi bahlole izinkundla ezihlukene futhi bakhethe leyo ehambisana nezidingo nezidingo zebhizinisi labo. Ukusebenzisa lawa mawebhusayithi e-B2B kungasiza abathumeli bangaphandle bakhulise ukubonakala kwabo, bafinyelele izimakethe eziqondiwe, futhi basungule ubudlelwano bebhizinisi obubalulekile nabathengi baseJalimane.
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