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Iimarike eziphambili
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Ilizwe jikelele
IJamani, ngokusemthethweni iRiphabhlikhi yoMdibaniso yaseJamani, yiriphabliki yomanyano lwepalamente kumbindi-ntshona weYurophu. Lilizwe lesine elilelona lizwe linabantu abaninzi kwi-European Union, kunye nommandla otyebileyo eYurophu ulinganiswe ngeGDP. Ikomkhulu kunye nesona sixeko sikhulu yiBerlin. Eminye imimandla emikhulu yedolophu ibandakanya iHamburg, iMunich, iFrankfurt, iCologne, iHanover, iStuttgart kunye neDüsseldorf. IJamani lilizwe elinolawulo-melo, kwaye ilizwe ngalinye kwali-16 linorhulumente walo. Uqoqosho lwaseJamani lolwesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni, ngokusekwe kwi-GDP yegama. Liyeyesithathu ngobukhulu kumazwe angaphandle kwempahla. Icandelo leenkonzo ligalela malunga nama-70% eGDP, kwaye ishishini malunga nama-30%. IJamani inenkqubo edibeneyo yokhathalelo lwempilo yoluntu kunye neyabucala esekwe kufikelelo jikelele kukhathalelo oluqatha. IJamani inenkqubo yokhuseleko loluntu ebonelela ngeinshurensi yezempilo ebanzi, ipenshoni, izibonelelo zokungaphangeli kunye nezinye iinkonzo zentlalontle. IJamani lilungu lomseki weManyano yaseYurophu kunye nelizwe elililungu lokuqala ukuvuma iSivumelwano saseLisbon. Ikwalilungu eliseka i-NATO kunye nelungu le-G7, G20 kunye ne-OECD. NgesiNgesi, igama laseJamani ngokusemthethweni yiFederal Republic of Germany (isiJamani: Bundesrepublik Deutschland).
Imali yeSizwe
Imali yaseJamani yiEuro. I-Euro yaziswa eJamani nge-1 kaJanuwari, 1999, njengenxalenye yokuphunyezwa kwe-European Monetary Union. Urhulumente waseJamani kunye nawo onke amazwe aseJamani akhuphe iingqekembe zawo ze-Euro, ezenziwe kwiMint yaseJamani eMunich. I-Euro yimali esemthethweni ye-eurozone, equka amazwe ali-19 angamalungu e-European Union athathe i-Euro njengemali yawo. I-Euro yohlulwe kwiisenti ezili-100. EJamani, ukusetyenziswa kwe-Euro kuxhaphakile kwaye yamkelwa njengemali esemthethweni kuwo onke amazwe aseJamani. Urhulumente waseJamani useke uthungelwano lwelizwe lonke lwe-ATM ezingaphezulu kwe-160,000 ukubonelela ngokutsalwa kwemali ngee-Euro. Uqoqosho lwaseJamani luphenjelelwa kakhulu yi-Euro, ethathe indawo yeDeutsche Mark njengemali esemthethweni. I-Euro ibe yimali ezinzileyo kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe kwaye iye yanceda ekuphuculeni urhwebo lwaseJamani kunye nokhuphiswano.
Imali yokutshintsha
Izinga lotshintshiselwano lwemali yaseJamani, i-Euro, ngokuchasene nezinye iimali ezinkulu liye lahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nantsi inkcazo emfutshane yamaxabiso otshintshiselwano lwangoku kunye neentsingiselo zembali: I-Euro ukuya kwidola yaseMelika: I-Euro ngoku irhweba malunga ne-0.85 yeedola zase-US, ekufutshane nokuhla kwayo kwembali. Izinga lotshintshiselwano nge-Euro-ukuya-US-dollar lizinzile kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nokuguquguquka okuncinci. I-Euro ukuya kwiponti yaseBritane: I-Euro ngoku irhweba malunga ne-0.89 yeeponti zaseBritane. Izinga lokutshintshiselana nge-Euro ukuya kwiponti liye laguquguquka kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye neponti ebuthathaka ngokuchasene ne-Euro emva kweBrexit. I-Euro ukuya kwiyuan yaseTshayina: I-Euro ngoku irhweba malunga ne-6.5 yeyuan yaseTshayina, ekufutshane nokuphakama kwayo kwembali. Izinga lokutshintshiselana nge-Euro ukuya kwi-yuan liye laqina kwiminyaka yakutshanje njengoko uqoqosho lwase-China lukhulile kwaye i-yuan isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintengiselwano zamazwe ngamazwe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amazinga otshintshiselwano ayaguquguquka kwaye angatshintsha rhoqo, achatshazelwa yimiba emininzi yezoqoqosho nezopolitiko. Iireyithi zotshintshiselwano ezinikelwe ngasentla zezenjongo zolwazi kuphela kwaye zinokungabonakalisi ezona ntlawulo ngexesha lokufunda kwakho. Kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba ujonge amaxabiso otshintshiselwano lwamva nje kunye nomguquleli wemali okanye iziko lezemali phambi kokwenza naluphi na utshintshiselwano.
Iiholide ezibalulekileyo
IJamani inenani lemibhiyozo ebalulekileyo kunye neeholide ezibhiyozelwa unyaka wonke. Nantsi iminyhadala ebaluleke kakhulu kunye neenkcazo zayo: IKrisimesi ( Weihnachten ): IKrisimesi yiholide ebaluleke kakhulu eJamani kwaye ibhiyozelwa ngoDisemba 25 kunye nesipho sokutshintshiselana, iindibano zentsapho, kunye ne-Feuerzangenbowle yendabuko (uhlobo lwewayini edibeneyo). Ubusuku boNyaka omtsha (iSilvester): U-Eva woNyaka omtsha ubhiyozelwa ngoDisemba 31 kunye nezixhobo zomlilo kunye namaqela. AmaJamani akwabona iSilvesterchocke, isiko apho abantu bazama ukuncamisa ezinzulwini zobusuku. I-Easter (Ostern): I-Easter yiholide yenkolo ebhiyozelwa ngeCawa yokuqala emva kwenyanga epheleleyo okanye emva kwe-21 kaMatshi. Abantu baseJamani bayakonwabela ukutya okuqhelekileyo kwePasika okufana ne-Osterbrötchen (i-sweet bread rolls) kunye ne-Osterhasen (imivundla ye-Ista). I-Oktoberfest (i-Oktoberfest): I-Oktoberfest ngumthendeleko omkhulu webhiya kwaye ibhiyozelwa eMunich minyaka yonke ukususela ekupheleni kukaSeptemba ukuya ekuqaleni kuka-Oktobha. Ngumnyhadala weentsuku ezili-16 ukuya kwezili-18 otsala izigidi zeendwendwe nyaka ngamnye. Usuku loManyano lwaseJamani ( Tag der Deutschen Einheit ): Usuku loManyano lwaseJamani lubhiyozelwa ngo-Oktobha 3rd ukuphawula isikhumbuzo sokuhlanganiswa kweJamani ngowe-1990. Yiholide yelizwe kwaye ibonwa ngemikhosi yokuphakamisa iflegi, iziqhumane kunye nemibhiyozo. I-Pfingsten (Whitsun): IPfingsten ibhiyozelwa ngempelaveki yePentekoste, eyientsuku ezingama-50 emva kwePasika. Lixesha leepikiniki, lokuhamba intaba, kunye nezinye izinto ezenziwa ngaphandle. I-Volkstrauertag (Usuku lweSizwe lokulila): IVolkstrauertag ibonwa ngo-Oktobha 30th ukukhumbula amaxhoba emfazwe kunye nobundlobongela bezopolitiko. Yimini yokukhumbula noxolo. Ukongeza kwezi holide zelizwe, ilizwe ngalinye laseJamani lineeholide zalo kunye neminyhadala ebhiyozelwa ekuhlaleni.
Imeko yoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle
IJamani lilizwe elihamba phambili ngokuthumela ngaphandle elizweni, ligxile kakhulu kurhwebo lwangaphandle. Nantsi isishwankathelo semeko yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseJamani: IJamani lilizwe elihambele phambili kwezoshishino elinecandelo lemveliso elomeleleyo. Ukuthunyelwa kwayo kumazwe angaphandle kwahlukile kwaye kuluhlu olususela koomatshini, iimoto, kunye neekhemikhali ukuya kwezobuchwephesha, iimpahla zamehlo, kunye namalaphu. Awona maqabane aseJamani athumela impahla ngaphandle kwamanye amazwe ngamanye amazwe aseYurophu, eUnited States nase China. Awona mahlakani aphambili eJamani nawo angamazwe aseYurophu, kunye neChina ne-United States zisondeze kwamathathu aphezulu. Ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe eJamani kubandakanya imathiriyeli ekrwada, iimveliso zamandla, kunye nempahla yabathengi. Izivumelwano zorhwebo ziyinkalo ebalulekileyo yomgaqo-nkqubo wezorhwebo wangaphandle waseJamani. Ilizwe lityikitye izivumelwano ezininzi zorhwebo ezisimahla kunye namanye amazwe ukukhuthaza urhwebo notyalo-mali. Umzekelo, iJamani ililungu lombutho weEuropean Union kwaye ityikitye izivumelwano namanye amazwe anjengeSwitzerland, iKhanada noMzantsi Korea. IJamani nayo igxininise ngamandla ekuthumeleni kumazwe angaphandle kwiimarike ezisakhulayo. Iseke ubudlelwane borhwebo namazwe afana neIndiya, iBrazil, kunye neRussia ukwandisa isabelo sayo sentengiso kolu qoqosho lukhula ngokukhawuleza. Lilonke, urhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseJamani lubalulekile kuqoqosho lwayo, nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kubalelwa malunga nama-45% eGDP yalo. Urhulumente ukhuthaza urhwebo lwangaphandle ngokusebenzisa amaziko ahlukeneyo kunye nee-arhente zetyala lokuthumela ngaphandle ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkampani zaseJamani ziyafikelela kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe kwaye zinokukhuphisana ngokufanelekileyo.
Uphuhliso lweMakethi olunokubakho
Amandla ophuhliso lwemarike eJamani abalulekile kubathengisi bangaphandle. Nazi ezinye zezizathu zokuba kutheni iJamani ihlala iyimakethi enomtsalane yokuthumela ngaphandle: Uqoqosho oluphuhliswe kakhulu: IJamani lelona qoqosho likhulu eYurophu kunye neyesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni. I-GDP yayo ngomntu ngamnye iphakathi kwezona ziphezulu kwi-EU, ibonelela ngemarike ezinzileyo kunye nobutyebi bempahla kunye neenkonzo zangaphandle. Imfuno enamandla yeemveliso ezisemgangathweni: AmaJamani ayaziwa ngemigangatho yawo ephezulu kunye nemfuno yeemveliso ezisemgangathweni. Oku kunika ithuba abathumeli bangaphandle ukuba babonelele ngeempahla ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye bakhuphisane kwimarike yaseJamani. Ukusetyenziswa kwasekhaya okunamandla: Imarike yaseJamani inezinga eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa kwasekhaya, eliqhutywa yiklasi enkulu kunye nenkqubela phambili ephakathi. Oku kuqinisekisa imfuno ezinzileyo yeemveliso kunye neenkonzo ezahlukeneyo, okwenza iJamani ibe yimarike ethembekileyo kubathengisi bangaphandle. Ukulula ukwenza ishishini: IJamani inesiseko esiphuhliswe kakuhle, inkqubo yomthetho ecacileyo, kunye nesikhokelo esinamandla sokulawula esenza kube lula ukuba amashishini asebenze. Iinkampani zangaphandle zinokuseta imisebenzi eJamani ngokulula kwaye zibe nokufikelela kubasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kakuhle. Ukusondela kwezinye iimarike zaseYurophu: Indawo yaseJamani esembindini weYurophu inika ukufikelela ngokulula kwezinye iimarike ezinkulu zaseYurophu. Oku kunika ithuba kubathengisi bangaphandle ukuba basebenzise iJamani njengesango lokungena kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Uqoqosho olwahlukeneyo: Uqoqosho lwaseJamani lwahlukene, kunye namacandelo afana nelemveliso, iteknoloji, kunye neenkonzo ezikhulayo. Oku kuqinisekisa imfuno eyahlukileyo yeemveliso kunye neenkonzo zangaphandle kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ngamafutshane, iJamani ihleli iyimakethi enomtsalane kakhulu kubathengisi bangaphandle ngenxa yoqoqosho oluzinzileyo, ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwasekhaya, indawo elungele ishishini, ukusondela kwezinye iimarike zaseYurophu, kunye noqoqosho olwahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukungena kwimarike yaseJamani kufuna uphando olunzulu lwemarike, ukuqonda imimiselo yasekhaya kunye nezenzo zoshishino, kunye nokuzinikela ekuhlangabezaneni nemigangatho ephezulu yabathengi baseJamani.
Iimveliso ezishushu ezithengiswayo kwimarike
Iimveliso ezidumileyo ezithunyelwa eJamani ziquka: Oomatshini kunye neZixhobo: IJamani ngumenzi okhokelayo koomatshini kunye nezixhobo zoshishino. Abathengisi bangaphandle banokuxhamla ekuboneleleni ngoomatshini abakumgangatho ophezulu kunye nezixhobo kumashishini ahlukeneyo afana neemoto, ukuvelisa, kunye nobunjineli. Amacandelo eeMoto kunye neZincedisi: IJamani ngumvelisi ohamba phambili weemoto, kwaye umzi-mveliso wezithuthi unegalelo elikhulu kuqoqosho lwayo. Abathengisi bangaphandle bangenza imali enkulu ekuboneleleni ngeenxalenye zeemoto, amacandelo, kunye nezixhobo kubavelisi beemoto zaseJamani kunye nababoneleli. Izixhobo zoMbane neze-Eletroniki: IJamani ineshishini elikhulayo lombane kunye nele-elektroniki, elinesidingo esinamandla samalungu, izixhobo kunye neenkqubo. Abathengisi bangaphandle banokunikezela ngeemveliso ezintsha kule ntsimi, kubandakanywa i-semiconductors, iibhodi zesekethe, kunye namanye amacandelo e-elektroniki. Iikhemikhali kunye nezinto eziPhambili: IJamani ngumvelisi ohamba phambili weekhemikhali kunye nezixhobo eziphambili, ezigxininise kwizinto ezintsha kunye nokuzinza. Abathengisi bangaphandle banokubonelela ngeekhemikhali ezintsha, iipolymers, kunye nezinye izinto eziphambili ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kumashishini ahlukeneyo afana nezempilo, izithambiso kunye nokwakha. Iimpahla zabathengi: IJamani inemarike yabathengi eyomeleleyo enemfuno ephezulu yeemveliso ezisemgangathweni. Abathengisi bangaphandle banokunikezela ngoluhlu lwempahla yabathengi, kubandakanya iimpahla zefashoni, izihlangu, izinto zokuhombisa ekhaya, kunye ne-elektroniki yabathengi abaphezulu. Ukutya kunye neeMveliso zezoLimo: IJamani ineemarike zokutya ezahlukeneyo kunye neziqondayo, ngokugxila kwiimveliso zasekhaya kunye nezizinzileyo. Abathengisi bangaphandle banakho ukwenza imali ekuboneleleni ngokutya okusemgangathweni, iimveliso zezolimo, kunye neziselo ezidibana nenkalakahla yaseJamani. Isishwankathelo, ezona mveliso zidumileyo zithunyelwa eJamani ngoomatshini kunye nezixhobo, iinxalenye zeemoto kunye nezixhobo, izixhobo zombane kunye ne-elektroniki, iikhemikhali kunye nezinto eziphambili, iimpahla zabathengi, kunye nokutya kunye neemveliso zezolimo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukwenza uphando olucokisekileyo lwemarike ukuchonga imveliso ethile okanye iindidi ezinemfuno ephezulu okanye ezikhethekileyo kwimarike yaseJamani.
Iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboo
Xa uthumela ngaphandle eJamani, kubalulekile ukuqonda iimpawu kunye nezinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi baseJamani ukuqinisekisa ukuthengisa okuyimpumelelo kunye nokungena kwimarike. Nazi iingongoma ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele: Imigangatho Yomgangatho: AmaJamani abeka ixabiso eliphezulu kumgangatho, ukuchaneka, kunye nokuthembeka. Balindele ukuba iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zihlangabezane nemigangatho yazo ephezulu, kwaye bayayixabisa ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho weemveliso zakho kunye nomboniso ukwinotshi ephezulu. Ukwazisa ngeBrand: AmaJamani anembono eyomeleleyo yokunyaniseka kohlobo kwaye ahlala enyanisekile kwiimpawu ezaziwayo nezithembekileyo. Kubalulekile ukwakha uphawu oluqinileyo kunye nodumo ukuze ukhuphisane kwimarike yaseJamani. Okukhethwayo kweNgingqi: AmaJamani anencasa ethile kunye nezinto azithandayo ngokwemiqathango yeemveliso kunye neenkonzo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda izinto ozikhethayo zendawo, izithethe zenkcubeko, kunye neendlela ukuze ulungelelanise umnikelo wakho ngokufanelekileyo. Ubumfihlo kunye noKhuseleko lweDatha: AmaJamani akhathazeke kakhulu malunga nobumfihlo kunye nokhuseleko lwedatha. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyayithobela imithetho engqongqo yokhuseleko lwedatha kwaye uphatha iinkcukacha zabathengi ngokuyimfihlo. Ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ezintsonkothileyo: AmaJamani athambekele ekubeni alumke ngakumbi kwaye ahlalutye inkqubo yawo yokwenza izigqibo. Kungathatha ixesha ukuba benze isigqibo sokuthenga, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukunika lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko kwaye ubonise ixabiso lemveliso okanye inkonzo yakho. Ukuhlonipha Ulawulo: AmaJamani anembono eqinileyo yolawulo kunye neprotocol, egxininisa ukuba sesikweni kunye nentlonipho yegunya. Xa usebenzisana nabathengi baseJamani, kubalulekile ukugcina isimilo esifanelekileyo, ukusebenzisa ulwimi olusesikweni, kunye nokuhlonipha ulwakhiwo lwabo lolawulo. Izenzo zoShishino olusesikweni: AmaJamani akhetha ushishino olusesikweni kunye neprotocol. Kubalulekile ukulandela iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo, ukusebenzisa amakhadi oshishino asesikweni, kwaye ubonise umnikelo wakho ngendlela yobuchule. Isishwankathelo, abathengi baseJamani badla ngokuxabisa umgangatho, ukuchaneka, ukuthembeka, kunye nodumo lwebrendi. Banokhetho oluthile lwendawo, banenkxalabo malunga nobumfihlo kunye nokhuseleko lwedatha, kwaye bakhetha iindlela zoshishino ezisemthethweni. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ezi mpawu kwaye ulungelelanise imveliso yakho oyinikezelayo, isimbo sonxibelelwano, kunye nezenzo zeshishini ngokufanelekileyo ukuze uphumelele kwimarike yaseJamani.
Inkqubo yolawulo lweCustoms
Ulawulo lwempahla yaseJamani yinxalenye ephambili yorhwebo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho yaseJamani. Iqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwemithetho yerhafu, iqokelela imirhumo kunye nezinye iirhafu, kwaye inyanzelisa imithetho yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. Ulawulo lwezithethe zaseJamani lucwangciswe kakhulu kwaye lusebenza kakuhle, lugxininise kakhulu kukhuseleko nokhuseleko. Inegama lokuba ngqongqo kwaye icokisekile ekuhloleni kwayo kunye nophicotho lwabarhwebi nabathumela ngaphandle. Ukungenisa okanye ukuthumela impahla eJamani, kuyimfuneko ukuthobela uluhlu lwemimiselo kunye neenkqubo zenkcubeko. Oku kuquka ukuzalisa izibhengezo zerhafu, ukufumana iilayisenisi eziyimfuneko neziqinisekiso, nokuhlawula imirhumo nezinye iirhafu. Abarhwebi kunye nabathumela ngaphandle kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba iimpahla zabo zihambelana nokhuseleko lwemveliso yaseJamani kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho. Abasemagunyeni eJamani bagxininisa kakhulu ekulweni ukuthutyeleziswa, ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, kunye nezinye izenzo ezingekho mthethweni. Basebenza ngokusondeleyo namanye amazwe angamalungu e-European Union ukwabelana ngolwazi nokulungelelanisa iinzame kule mimandla. Ngamafutshane, ulawulo lwempahla evela eJamani ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuhamba kakuhle korhwebo kunye nomsebenzi woqoqosho ngaphakathi eJamani nakwiManyano yaseYurophu. Abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle kunye nabathumela ngaphandle kufuneka bazi kwaye bathobele imimiselo yayo ukuphepha ukulibaziseka okunokubakho, izohlwayo, okanye ezinye izohlwayo.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu
Umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu wokungenisa elizweni waseJamani untsonkothile kwaye uneerhafu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye namaxabiso anokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwempahla engenisiweyo. Nantsi inkcazo emfutshane yeerhafu eziphambili kunye namaxabiso asebenzayo kwimpahla engeniswe ngaphandle eJamani: UMrhumo weRhafu: Lo ngumrhumo obekwe kwiimpahla ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle owahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwempahla, imvelaphi yazo, kunye nexabiso lazo. Umrhumo werhafu ubalwa njengepesenti yexabiso lempahla okanye kwiimali ezithile. Irhafu-ntengo (i-VAT): Irhafu yokusetyenziswa esetyenziswa ekuthengisweni kweempahla neenkonzo eJamani. Xa ungenisa iimpahla, i-VAT isetyenziswa kumyinge we-19% (okanye amaxabiso aphantsi kwezinye iimpahla neenkonzo). I-VAT idla ngokubandakanywa kwixabiso lempahla kwaye iqokelelwa ngumthengisi ngexesha lokuthengisa. Irhafu Yempahla: Le yirhafu ebekwe kwizinto ezithile, ezifana notywala, icuba, kunye namafutha. Irhafu yempahla ethengiswayo ibalwa ngokusekelwe kubungakanani bempahla kwaye inokusetyenziswa kwimilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwempahla. Umsebenzi Wesitampu: Irhafu ebekwe kumaxwebhu athile kunye neetransekshini, ezifana ne-invoyisi, iikhontrakthi, kunye nezibambiso. Umthwalo wesitampu ubalwa ngokusekelwe kwixabiso lentengiselwano kunye nohlobo loxwebhu olubandakanyekayo. Ukongeza kwezi rhafu, kusenokubakho eminye imimiselo ethe ngqo yokungenisa kunye neemfuno ezisebenza kwiimpahla ezithile, ezifana nezabelo, iilayisensi zokungenisa elizweni, kunye noqinisekiso lwemveliso. Abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle kufuneka bahambelane nayo yonke imimiselo efanelekileyo kunye neerhafu zokuqinisekisa ukuba ukungenisa kwabo ngaphandle kusemthethweni kwaye kunokucocwa ngamasiko.
Iipolisi zerhafu ezithumela ngaphandle
Umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu wokungenisa elizweni waseJamani uyilelwe ukukhusela ishishini lasekhaya kunye nokukhuthaza ukhuphiswano olufanelekileyo ngelixa ungenisa ingeniso kurhulumente. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo uneerhafu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye neerhafu ezinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweempahla ezingeniswa kumazwe angaphandle. Enye yeerhafu eziphambili ezisetyenziswayo kwiimpahla ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle ngumrhumo werhafu. Le rhafu ibalwa ngokusekelwe kwixabiso lempahla, imvelaphi yazo, kunye nodidi lwemveliso. Uluhlu lwerhafu yempahla ukusuka kwiipesenti ezimbalwa ukuya kwi-20% yexabiso lempahla, kuxhomekeke kuluhlu oluthile lweemveliso. Ukongeza kumrhumo werhafu, iimpahla ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle zisenokuba phantsi kwerhafu yexabiso elongeziweyo (i-VAT). I-VAT yirhafu esetyenziswayo ekuthengisweni kwempahla neenkonzo eJamani. Izinga le-VAT eliqhelekileyo li-19%, kodwa kukwakho namaxabiso athotyiweyo eempahla neenkonzo ezithile. I-VAT idla ngokubandakanywa kwixabiso lempahla kwaye iqokelelwa ngumthengisi ngexesha lokuthengisa. Ezinye iirhafu ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwiimpahla ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle ziquka irhafu yempahla ephuma ngaphandle kunye nomthwalo wesitampu. Umrhumo werhafu yirhafu ebekwe kwizinto ezithile ezifana notywala, icuba, namafutha. Umthwalo wesitampu yirhafu esetyenziswa kumaxwebhu athile kunye neetransekshini ezifana ne-invoyisi, iikhontrakthi, kunye nezibambiso. Ukongeza kwezi rhafu, kusenokubakho eminye imimiselo ethe ngqo yokungenisa kunye neemfuno ezisebenza kwiimpahla ezithile. Oku kunokubandakanya iikowuta, iilayisensi zokungenisa elizweni, kunye neemfuno zoqinisekiso lwemveliso. Abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle kufuneka bahambelane nayo yonke imimiselo efanelekileyo kunye neerhafu zokuqinisekisa ukuba ukungenisa kwabo ngaphandle kusemthethweni kwaye kunokucocwa ngamasiko. Umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu wokungenisa elizweni waseJamani ujolise ekulinganiseni umdla wabavelisi basekhaya, abathengi, kunye nengeniso karhulumente ngelixa ukwakhuthaza urhwebo olufanelekileyo kunye nokhuphiswano. Abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle kufuneka baqaphele iirhafu ezahlukeneyo kunye namaxabiso asebenzayo kwiimpahla zabo kwaye baqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwayo yonke imimiselo efanelekileyo ukuphepha izohlwayo okanye ukulibaziseka kwi-custos clearance.
Iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle
Iimpahla ezithunyelwa eJamani zidla ngokufuneka ukuba zihlangabezane neemfuno ezithile zokuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lweemveliso ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho ye-EU. Nazi ezinye iimfuno eziqhelekileyo zesiqinisekiso sokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweJamani: Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-CE: Isiqinisekiso se-CE sisiqinisekiso esisisinyanzelo se-European Union, kwaye iimpahla ezithunyelwa eJamani kufuneka zihambelane nezikhokelo ezifanelekileyo kunye nemigangatho yesiqinisekiso se-CE. Isiqinisekiso se-CE sigubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwemimandla yemveliso, kubandakanya oomatshini, izixhobo zonyango, izixhobo zombane, njl. imimiselo. Isiqinisekiso se-GS: Isiqinisekiso se-GS luphawu lwesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko lwaseJamani, ikakhulu kwizinto zombane zasekhaya, izixhobo zokukhanyisa, izixhobo zombane kunye neminye imimandla yeemveliso. Ukuba ufuna ukufumana isatifikethi se-GS, kufuneka uphumelele uvavanyo olungqongqo kunye novavanyo ngumbutho wesithathu ovunyiweyo eJamani, kwaye uhlangabezane nokhuseleko olufanelekileyo, ukusebenza kunye nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo. Isatifikethi se-TuV: Isiqinisekiso se-TuV luphawu lwesiqinisekiso soMbutho waseJamani woLawulo lobuGcisa, osetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiimveliso ezikwicandelo lombane, oomatshini kunye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi. Abathengisi bangaphandle kufuneka babe nesiqinisekiso se-TuV ukubonisa ukuba iimveliso zabo ziyahambelana nemigangatho nemimiselo efanelekileyo, kwaye baphumelele uvavanyo olungqongqo kunye novavanyo yimibutho yovavanyo lomntu wesithathu. Isiqinisekiso se-VDE: Isiqinisekiso se-VDE luphawu lwesiqinisekiso sesixhobo sombane kunye nesombane saseJamani, sezixhobo zombane, izixhobo zombane zasekhaya kunye neminye imimandla yeemveliso. Ukufumana isatifikethi se-VDE, iimpahla ezithunyelwa eJamani kufuneka ziphumelele iimvavanyo kunye novavanyo olwenziwa yimibutho yovavanyo evunyiweyo yomntu wesithathu eJamani kwaye ihlangabezane nokhuseleko olufanelekileyo, ukusebenza kunye nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo. Ukongeza kwezi mfuno zesiqinisekiso ziqhelekileyo, iimpahla ezithunyelwa eJamani nazo kufuneka zihambelane neminye imigangatho efanelekileyo kunye nemimiselo, efana noMthetho woKhuseleko lweMveliso yaseJamani kunye noMthetho woKhuseleko loMthengi. Phambi kokuthumela ngaphandle, kuyacetyiswa ukuba abathengisi bangaphandle banxibelelane nomrhwebi waseJamani okanye iarhente yovavanyo yeqela lesithathu elaziwayo eJamani ukuqonda iimfuno ezithile zesiqinisekiso sesiqinisekiso sokuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ingangena ngempumelelo kwimarike yaseJamani.
Ulungiselelo lolungiselelo olucetyiswayo
EJamani iinkampani zothunyelo nezinto ezinxulumeneyo, kukho iinkampani ezininzi ezaziwayo onokukhetha kuzo. Nazi ezinye iinkampani zolungiselelo ezicetyiswayo: I-DHL: I-DHL yeyona nkampani iphambili yehlabathi yonikezelo kunye neyothutho, kunye nenkampani yasekhaya yeCourier eJamani, enokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokucocwa kwempahla. I-FedEx: Ikomkhulu e-United States, yenye yeenkampani ezinkulu zehlabathi zokuhambisa i-express, inikezela ngokuhambisa ngokukhawuleza, ukuthutha ngeenqwelomoya, ukuthuthwa komhlaba kunye nezinye iinkonzo ze-logistics. I-UPS: Ikomkhulu e-United States, i-UPS yenye yeenkampani ezinkulu zokuhambisa iphakheji yehlabathi, ibonelela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo zothutho ezifana nokuhanjiswa kwephakheji, imithwalo yomoya, kunye nokuthutha elwandle. I-Kuehne+Nagel: Ikomkhulu e-Switzerland, i-Kuehne+Nagel ngomnye wababoneleli behlabathi behlabathi beenkonzo zothutho lweqela lesithathu, ebonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo ezibandakanya ulwandle, umoya, umhlaba, indawo yokugcina impahla, izisombululo zekhonkco lokubonelela kunye nokunye. I-DB Schenker: Ikomkhulu eJamani, i-DB Schenker yenye yeenkampani zeenkonzo ezihlangeneyo ezihlangeneyo zehlabathi, ezibonelela ngemithwalo yomoya, ulwandle, izithuthi zomhlaba, indawo yokugcina impahla kunye nezinye iinkonzo. AbaQondisi: Ikomkhulu eliseUnited States, i-Expeditors yenye yeenkampani ezikhokelayo zehlabathi zenkonzo yezothutho, ezibonelela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nomoya, ulwandle, umhlaba kunye nesibhengezo sezithethe. I-Panalpina: Ikomkhulu eSwitzerland, iPanalpina ingomnye wababoneleli beenkonzo behlabathi abakhokelayo, ukubonelela ngolwandle, umoya, umhlaba, indawo yokugcina impahla, izisombululo zokubonelela kunye nezinye iinkonzo. Ezi nkampani zothutho zinothungelwano olubanzi lwenkonzo kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye zinokubonelela ngezisombululo ezibanzi zolungiselelo, kubandakanywa ukukhutshwa kwempahla, uthutho, indawo yokugcina impahla kunye nezinye iinkonzo. Xa ukhetha inkampani yezothutho, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqwalasele izinto ezifana noluhlu lwenkonzo, ixabiso, ukuthembeka, kunye namava ekusebenzeni kunye nemarike yendawo.
Imijelo yophuhliso lwabathengi

Imiboniso yorhwebo ebalulekileyo

Kukho imiboniso emininzi ebalulekileyo ethatha inxaxheba ngabathumeli bangaphandle eJamani, kuquka: I-Hannover Messe: I-Hannover Messe ngumboniso wezobuchwepheshe ohamba phambili kwihlabathi, obanjwa minyaka yonke eHanover, eJamani. Ibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lweenkalo ezifana ne-industrial automation, itekhnoloji yokuvelisa, kunye nekhonkco lokubonelela ngamashishini. Abathengisi beemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchwepheshe obunxulumene nale mimandla banokuthatha inxaxheba kulo mboniso ukubonisa iimveliso zabo kunye nobuchwepheshe kunye nokuphonononga amathuba oshishino. I-CeBIT: I-CeBIT ngowona mboniso mkhulu weteknoloji yedijithali, obanjwa minyaka le eHanover, eJamani. Ijolise kwiindlela zamva nje kunye nobuchwepheshe kwinkalo yetekhnoloji yolwazi, kubandakanya i-computing yamafu, idatha enkulu, itekhnoloji yeselula, kunye nokunye. Abathumeli beemveliso zedijithali kunye neenkonzo banokuthatha inxaxheba kulo mboniso ukukhuthaza iimveliso zabo kunye nobuchwepheshe kunye nokwandisa isabelo sabo semarike. I-IFA: I-IFA ngowona mboniso ukhokelayo kwihlabathi wabathengi be-elektroniki, obanjwa minyaka le eBerlin, eJamani. Ibonisa iimveliso zamva nje kunye netekhnoloji kwicandelo lezinto zombane zabathengi, kubandakanya i-smart home, iiselfowuni, iitafile, izixhobo ezinxitywayo, nokunye. Abathengisi beemveliso ze-elektroniki zabathengi banokuthatha inxaxheba kulo mboniso ukukhuthaza iimveliso zabo kunye nokuphonononga amathuba entsebenziswano kunye neempawu zaseJamani kunye neYurophu kunye nabasasazi. I-Düsseldorf Caravan Salon: I-Düsseldorf Caravan Salon ngumboniso wehlabathi ohamba phambili kwi-RV kunye neshishini lekharavani, ebanjwa ngonyaka eDüsseldorf, eJamani. Itsala ababonisi kunye neendwendwe ezivela kwihlabathi liphela ezibandakanyeka kwiRV kunye neshishini lekharavani. Abathengisi be-RV kunye neemveliso zekharavani banokuthatha inxaxheba kulo mboniso ukubonisa iimveliso zabo kunye nobuchwepheshe kunye nokwandisa isabelo sabo semarike. Le miboniso ngamaqonga abalulekileyo kubathengisi kumazwe angaphandle ukukhuthaza iimveliso zabo kunye nobuchwepheshe, ukwandisa isabelo sabo semarike, kunye nokuphonononga amathuba entsebenziswano kunye neebrendi zaseJamani kunye neYurophu kunye nabasasazi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yamashishini ahlukeneyo kunye neemveliso, ukhetho lwemiboniso ethatha inxaxheba luyahluka. Kucetyiswa ukuba abathengisi bangaphandle bakhethe imiboniso ngokweempawu zabo zeshishini kunye nemigca yemveliso ukufikelela kwiziphumo ezingcono zokunyusa.
IJamani iqhele ukusebenzisa ezi webhusayithi zophendlo zilandelayo: UGoogle: UGoogle yeyona njini yokukhangela idumileyo eJamani, kunye nehlabathi. Ibonelela ngamava okukhangela alula nasebenzayo, kwaye ibonelela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo eziluncedo, ezifana neMaphu zikaGoogle, iToliki kaGoogle, kunye neYouTube. I-Bing: I-Bing yinjini yokukhangela edumileyo eJamani, enesiseko sabasebenzisi esonyuka kancinci kancinci. Iziphumo zophendlo lwe-Bing zihlala zithathwa njengezichanekileyo kwaye zifanelekile kunezo zikaGoogle, kwaye ikwabonelela ngezinto ezahlukeneyo eziluncedo, ezinjengokukhangela imifanekiso kunye nokucwangciswa kohambo. I-Yahoo: I-Yahoo yenye injini yokukhangela edumileyo eJamani, enesiseko sabasebenzisi esigxile kakhulu kwiqela labantu abadala. I-Yahoo Search ibonelela ngojongano olulula nolusebenzisekayo, kwaye ikwabonelela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo eziluncedo, ezifana neYahoo Mail kunye neYahoo Finance. Ukongeza kwezi njini zokukhangela, kukwakho neenjini zokukhangela ezikhethekileyo eJamani, ezifana ne-Baidu (isetyenziswa kakhulu zizithethi zamaTshayina) kunye ne-Ebay's Kijiji (i-injini yokukhangela ye-classifieds). Nangona kunjalo, ezi njini zophendlo zikhethekileyo azidumanga njengeenjini zokukhangela ezikhankanywe ngasentla.

Amaphepha amakhulu atyheli

Xa uthumela ngaphandle eJamani, kukho amaphepha atyheli asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo anokubonelela ngolwazi oluluncedo kunye nezixhobo kubathengisi ngaphandle. Nazi ezinye zazo kunye nee-URL zazo: I-Yell.de: I-Yell.de yiwebhusayithi edumileyo yamaphepha atyheli aseJamani enika ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ngamashishini kunye neenkonzo zaseJamani. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafune iimveliso kunye neenkonzo ngecandelo, indawo, okanye igama elingundoqo, kwaye unikeze iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano kunye nolwazi olongezelelweyo lwamashishini adweliswe. URL: http://www.yell.de/ I-T Kupfer: I-TKupfer yenye i-website ethandwayo yamaphepha atyheli aseJamani enikezela ngolwazi olubanzi kumashishini kunye neenkonzo zaseJamani. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bakhangele iimveliso kunye neenkonzo ngecandelo okanye igama elingundoqo, kwaye banikeze iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano, iimephu, kunye nolwazi olongezelelweyo lwamashishini adweliswe. URL: https://www.tkupfer.de/ I-G Übelt: I-Gübelin yiwebhusayithi yaseJamani yamaphepha atyheli enika ulwazi oluneenkcukacha lweshishini, kubandakanya neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano, iimveliso kunye neenkonzo, kunye nokunye. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafune amashishini ngoluhlu, indawo, okanye igama elingundoqo, kwaye inikezela ngeentlobo zeempawu ezongezelelweyo ezifana nokuphononongwa kwezoshishino kunye nezixhobo zokuthelekisa. URL: https://www.g-uebelt.de/ B Amaphepha aMthubi: B Amaphepha aMthubi yiwebhusayithi yesiJamani yamaphepha amthubi enika iinkcukacha zeshishini kunye neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukukhangela amashishini ngodidi, indawo, okanye igama elingundoqo, kwaye inikezela ngeempawu ezongezelelweyo ezifana nezikhokelo ze-intanethi kunye neenjini zokukhangela zendawo. URL: https://www.b-yellowpages.de/ La maphepha atyheli anokubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kumashishini kunye neenkonzo zaseJamani, kubandakanywa neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano, iimveliso kunye neenkonzo ezinikezelwayo, kunye nolwazi olongezelelweyo ukunceda abathumeli bangaphandle ukuchonga amaqabane oshishino kunye nokuqonda ngcono imarike yendawo. Nangona kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba abathumeli bangaphandle baqinisekise ukuchaneka kolwazi olunikiweyo kwaye baqhagamshelane namashishini ngokuthe ngqo ukunxibelelana ngakumbi kunye nentsebenziswano.

Amaqonga amakhulu orhwebo

IJamani iqhele ukusebenzisa la maqonga e-e-commerce alandelayo: IAmazon.de: IAmazon lelona qonga likhulu le-e-commerce eJamani, libonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kunye neenkonzo. Ibonelela ngokuthenga ngokufanelekileyo kwi-intanethi, amaxabiso akhuphisanayo, kunye neendlela zokuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza. URL: https://www.amazon.de/ I-eBay.de: I-eBay lelinye iqonga le-e-commerce elidumileyo eJamani, elibonelela ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo ezivela kubathengisi kunye nabathengisi. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba babhide kwizinto okanye bazithenge ngamaxabiso amiselweyo. I-URL: https://www.ebay.de/ I-Zalando: I-Zalando liqonga le-e-commerce laseJamani eligxile kwiimveliso zefashoni kunye nendlela yokuphila. Inika uluhlu olubanzi lweempahla, izihlangu, izixhobo, kunye nokunye, kugxilwe kwizinto ezifashisayo kunye nefashoni. URL: https://www.zalando.de/ I-Otto: I-Otto liqonga le-e-commerce laseJamani eligxile kwimpahla yamadoda neyabasetyhini, kunye nemveliso yasekhaya kunye neyokuphila. Inika ukhetho olubanzi lweempawu ezisemgangathweni kumaxabiso akhuphisanayo. I-URL: https://www.otto.de/ MyHermes: I-MyHermes liqonga le-e-commerce laseJamani eligxile ekuhambiseni iipasile kumakhaya abathengi. Ibonelela ngenkonzo yonikezelo efanelekileyo kunye nethembekileyo yokuthengwa kwe-intanethi, kunye neenketho zokuhanjiswa okucwangcisiweyo okanye iindawo zokuthatha. I-URL: https://www.myhermes.de/ La maqonga e-e-commerce abonelela ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokuthenga kwi-intanethi kubathengi baseJamani, ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo onokukhetha kuzo. Abathengi abafuna ukufikelela kwimarike yaseJamani kufuneka bacinge ngokudwelisa iimveliso zabo kula maqonga ukwandisa ukubonakala kwabo kunye nokuthengisa. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda amandla orhwebo athile kunye nabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo kwiqonga ngalinye ukuphumeza impumelelo kwimarike ye-e-commerce yaseJamani.

Amaqonga amakhulu eendaba zoluntu

Xa kuziwa kumaqonga eendaba ezentlalo eJamani, nazi ezona zidumileyo kunye nee-URL zazo: I-Facebook: I-Facebook lelona qonga lonxibelelwano lidumileyo eJamani, lisetyenziswa zizigidi zabantu ukunxibelelana nabahlobo, usapho kunye nezinye izinto abanomdla kuzo. Ibonelela ngeempawu ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya ukwabelana ngeefoto kunye neevidiyo, ukuthumela uhlaziyo lwesimo, kunye nokujoyina amaqela. URL: https://www.facebook.com/ I-Instagram: I-Instagram liqonga leendaba lezentlalo elidumileyo eJamani, ngakumbi phakathi kwabasebenzisi abancinci. Yaziwa ngobuchule bayo bokwabelana ngeefoto kunye nevidiyo, ngezihluzi kunye namabali okuphucula amava omsebenzisi. URL: https://www.instagram.com/ I-Twitter: I-Twitter iyaziwa eJamani, isetyenziselwa ukwabelana ngemiyalezo emifutshane okanye "ii-tweets" nabalandeli. Abasebenzisi banokulandelana, bangene kwiincoko, kwaye bafumane izihloko ezihamba phambili. URL: https://www.twitter.com/ IYouTube: IYouTube liqonga lokwabelana ngevidiyo elidume kakhulu eJamani. Abasebenzisi banokubukela iividiyo kwizihloko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya umculo, ukuzonwabisa, iindaba, nokunye. Ikwavumela abadali ukuba balayishe umxholo wabo kwaye bakhe okulandelayo. I-URL: https://www.youtube.com/ I-TikTok: I-TikTok liqonga elitsha leendaba zosasazo eliye lafumana ukuthandwa eJamani, ngakumbi phakathi kwabasebenzisi abancinci. Iyaziwa ngomxholo wayo wevidiyo omfutshane kunye nezihluzi zobuchule kunye neziphumo. URL: https://www.tiktok.com/ La maqonga eendaba ezentlalo asetyenziswa kakhulu ngamaJamani ukuze ahlale eqhagamshelwe, abelane ngolwazi, kwaye azibandakanye nabanye. Abathengisi bangaphandle bangasebenzisa la maqonga ukukhuthaza iimveliso zabo kunye nokwakha uluntu malunga neempawu zabo ngokusebenzisana nabathengi, ukwabelana ngomxholo ofanelekileyo, kunye nokuthengisa iimveliso zabo ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukujolisa kubaphulaphuli abafanelekileyo kwaye usebenzise izicwangciso ezifanelekileyo zokuthengisa ukuphumeza impumelelo kumaqonga eendaba ezentlalo eJamani.

Imibutho emikhulu yoshishino

Xa kuziwa kwimibutho yoshishino eJamani, kukho imibutho emininzi esekwe kakuhle ebonelela ngezibonelelo ezixabisekileyo kunye nenkxaso yabathumeli ngaphandle. Nantsi eminye yemibutho ecetyiswayo yoshishino eJamani: I-Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie (BDI): I-BDI ngowona mbutho mkhulu weshishini eJamani, omele umdla weshishini laseJamani kunye nabaqeshi. Inika ulwazi kunye neengcebiso malunga nokuthunyelwa eJamani, kunye namathuba othungelwano kunye neenkampani zaseJamani kunye neengcali zoshishino. I-URL: https://www.bdi.eu/ I-Bundesvereinigung der Deutschen Wirtschaft (BVDW): I-BVDW ngumbutho okhokelayo kumashishini amancinci naphakathi (SMEs) eJamani. Inika ulwazi nenkxaso ekuthumeleni kumazwe angaphandle eJamani, ngokunjalo nokubonelela ngamathuba othungelwano kunye nentsebenziswano yee-SME. I-URL: https://www.bvdw.de/ I-VDMA: I-VDMA imele umdla woshishino lobunjineli bemishini yaseJamani. Inika ulwazi kunye nenkxaso ekuthumeleni eJamani, kubandakanywa uphando lwemarike, amaphulo orhwebo, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso yorhwebo. I-URL: https://www.vdma.org/ ZVEI: I-ZVEI imele ishishini lombane kunye ne-elektroniki eJamani. Inika ulwazi kunye nenkxaso yokuthumela ngaphandle eJamani, kubandakanywa uphando lwemarike, ukuqinisekiswa kwemveliso, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso yorhwebo. URL: https://www.zvei.org/ I-BME: I-BME imele ishishini lezinto zokwakha eJamani. Inika ulwazi kunye nenkxaso yokuthumela ngaphandle eJamani, kubandakanywa uphando lwemarike, ukuqinisekiswa kwemveliso, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso yorhwebo. I-URL: https://www.bme.eu/ Le mibutho yoshishino inikezela ngezibonelelo ezixabisekileyo kunye nenkxaso yabathumeli ngaphandle abafuna ukungena kwimarike yaseJamani. Banokubonelela ngolwazi malunga neendlela zemarike, imimiselo, kunye nezenzo ezingcono, kunye namathuba okunxibelelana neenkampani zaseJamani kunye neengcali zoshishino. Kucetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane nale mibutho ngolwazi olungakumbi kunye nokuphonononga amathuba entsebenziswano kunye nempumelelo kwimarike yaseJamani.

Iiwebhusayithi zeshishini kunye norhwebo

Xa kuziwa kwiiwebhusayithi ezinxulumene noqoqosho kunye norhwebo eJamani, kukho imithombo emininzi ethembekileyo ekhoyo kubathengisi ngaphandle. Nazi ezinye iiwebhusayithi ezicetyiswayo ezibonelela ngolwazi malunga nemiba yezoqoqosho kunye nezorhwebo zaseJamani: IPortal yoRhwebo yaseJamani (iDeutscher Handelsinstitut): IPortal yoRhwebo yaseJamani liqonga elipheleleyo le-intanethi elibonelela ngolwazi ngokuthumela ngaphandle eJamani, kuquka uphando lwemarike, iinkokeli zorhwebo, kunye neenkonzo zokuthelekisa amashishini. URL: https://www.dhbw.de/ Yenziwe eJamani (Yenziwe eJamani I-Portal yoThunyelo lwangaphandle): Yenziwe eJamani yiplatifomu ye-intanethi ebonisa eyona nto igqwesileyo yokwenziwa kweJamani kunye nobunjineli, idibanisa abathengi behlabathi kunye nabanikezeli baseJamani. I-URL: https://www.made-in-germany.com/ I-Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (Iziko laseJamani loPhando lwezoQoqosho): Iziko laseJamani loPhando lwezoQoqosho liziko eliphambili lophando lwezoqoqosho eJamani elipapasha iingxelo kunye nohlalutyo kwimixholo eyahlukeneyo yezoqoqosho, kubandakanywa neendlela zorhwebo kunye noshishino. I-URL: https://www.diw.de/ I-Bundesamt für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (i-Arhente yoPhuhliso yaseJamani): I-Arhente yoPhuhliso yaseJamani inoxanduva lokukhuthaza intsebenziswano yophuhliso loqoqosho phakathi kweJamani namanye amazwe, kuquka nokubonelela ngolwazi ngamathuba orhwebo notyalo-mali. URL: https://www.giz.de/ I-Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie (BDI): Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, i-BDI yintlangano enkulu yoshishino eJamani kwaye inikezela ngolwazi kunye neengcebiso malunga nokuthunyelwa eJamani, kubandakanywa uphando lwemarike kunye neendlela zoshishino. I-URL: https://www.bdi.eu/ Ezi webhusayithi zibonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kunye nezixhobo kubathengisi bangaphandle abafuna ukungena kwimarike yaseJamani okanye ukwandisa ishishini labo eJamani. Banikezela ngophando lwemarike, iinkokeli zorhwebo, iinkonzo zokuthelekisa ishishini, kunye nolunye ulwazi olufanelekileyo olunokunceda abathumeli bangaphandle benze izigqibo ezinolwazi kwaye bafezekise impumelelo kwimarike yaseJamani. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphonononge ezi webhusayithi kwaye usebenzise izixhobo zabo ukufumana ulwazi olungcono ngoqoqosho lwaseJamani kunye norhwebo.

Iiwebhusayithi zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo

Xa kuziwa ekufikeleleni kwidatha yorhwebo eJamani, kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi ezithembekileyo ezibonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nezibalo zorhwebo zaseJamani kunye neendlela. Nazi ezinye iiwebhusayithi ezicetyiswayo zokufikelela kwidatha yorhwebo yaseJamani: I-Federal Statistical Office yaseJamani (DESTATIS): I-DESTATIS yiwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Federal Statistical Office yaseJamani kwaye inikezela ngedatha ebanzi malunga norhwebo lwaseJamani, kubandakanywa amanani okungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle, amaqabane orhwebo, kunye neendidi zemveliso. I-URL: https://www.destatis.de/ IKhomishoni yoRhwebo yeKhomishini yaseYurophu (IiNkcukacha zoRhwebo): IKhomishini yoRhwebo yeKhomishini yaseYurophu ibonelela ngeenkcukacha zorhwebo ezineenkcukacha kumazwe angamalungu e-EU, kuquka neJamani. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafikelele kwizibalo zokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle, ibhalansi yorhwebo, kunye nolunye ulwazi olufanelekileyo lorhwebo. URL: https://trade.ec.europa.eu/tradestatistic INkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kuRhwebo kunye noPhuhliso (UNCTAD): I-UNCTAD ngumboneleli ohamba phambili wedatha yorhwebo kunye notyalo-mali, kubandakanywa neenkcukacha-manani ezicacileyo malunga norhwebo lwaseJamani. Inika idatha malunga nokuhamba korhwebo, iintlawulo, kunye nezinye izibonakaliso ezinxulumene norhwebo. URL: https://unctad.org/en/Pages/Home.aspx Ulawulo lwezoRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (ITA): I-ITA yi-arhente karhulumente ebonelela ngokufikelela kwidatha yase-US yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle, kubandakanywa neenkcukacha kurhwebo lwaseJamani. Abasebenzisi banokukhangela iinkcukacha zokungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kwiimveliso ezininzi kunye neemarike. I-URL: https://www.trade.gov/mas/ian/importexport/toolsresearch/dataresources/index.asp Ezi webhusayithi zibonelela ngedatha yorhwebo ebanzi kwaye ethembekileyo kurhwebo lwaseJamani olunokusetyenziswa ngabathumeli, amashishini, kunye nabaphandi ukuqonda iintsingiselo zemarike, ukuchonga amathuba, kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi kwimarike yaseJamani. Ukufikelela kwiidatha zorhwebo linyathelo elibalulekileyo kubathengisi bangaphandle njengoko libonelela ngeembono ezixabisekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseJamani kunye norhwebo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphonononge ezi webhusayithi kwaye usebenzise izixhobo zabo ukuze ufumane ukuqonda ngcono imeko yorhwebo yaseJamani.

amaqonga B2b

Xa kuziwa kwi-B2B (i-Business-to-Business) iiwebhusayithi zokuthumela ngaphandle eJamani, kukho iiplatifomu ezininzi ezidibanisa ababoneleli kunye nabathengi kunye nokuququzelela ukuthengiselana kwezorhwebo. Nazi ezinye iiwebhusayithi zeB2B ezicetyiswayo zokuthumela ngaphandle eJamani: 1.globalsources.com: I-Globalsources.com yindawo yokuthengisa ehamba phambili ye-B2B edibanisa ababoneleli kunye nabathengi kwihlabathi jikelele. Inika uluhlu lweenkonzo kunye neempawu zokunceda abathumeli bangaphandle bafikelele kwiimarike ekujoliswe kuzo kwaye baqhube iintengiselwano zoshishino ngokufanelekileyo. I-URL: https://www.globalsource.com/ I-2.made-in-china.com: I-Made-in-China.com yi-platform ye-B2B ejongene nabathengi behlabathi abafuna iimveliso zaseTshayina kunye nababoneleli. Ibonelela ngeqonga kubathengisi ukuba babonise iimveliso zabo kwaye bafikelele kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. I-URL: https://www.made-in-china.com/ 3.europages.com: I-Europages luluhlu lwe-B2B oludibanisa ababoneleli nabathengi kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ibonelela ngeeprofayili zenkampani ezineenkcukacha, iikhathalogu zeemveliso, kunye nolwazi kumashishini ahlukeneyo kunye neemarike zaseYurophu. URL: https://www.europages.com/ I-4.DHgate: I-DHgate yi-platform ye-B2B ehamba phambili ekhethekileyo ekudibaniseni ababoneleli baseTshayina nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Inika uluhlu lweenkonzo zorhwebo kunye nezisombululo zokuququzelela urhwebo lwehlabathi jikelele. I-URL: https://www.dhgate.com/ Ezi webhusayithi ze-B2B zibonelela ngeqonga kubathengisi bangaphandle ukuba banxibelelane nabathengi abanokubakho, babonise iimveliso zabo, kwaye bandise ukufikelela kwabo kwimarike eJamani. Iwebhusayithi nganye ineempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye neenkonzo, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba abathumeli bangaphandle bahlolisise amaqonga ahlukeneyo kwaye bakhethe leyo ihambelana neemfuno zabo zoshishino kunye neemfuno. Ukusebenzisa ezi webhusayithi zeB2B kunokunceda abathengisi bangaphandle bakhulise ukubonakala kwabo, bafikelele kwiimarike ekujoliswe kuzo, kwaye baseke ubudlelwane obuxabisekileyo beshishini kunye nabathengi baseJamani.
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