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Ilizwe jikelele
I-Eritrea, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeLizwe lase-Eritrea, lilizwe elikwimpuma yeAfrika. Umda weSudan ngasentshona, i-Ethiopia emazantsi, i-Djibouti ukuya ngasempuma-mpuma, kwaye yabelana ngomda waselwandle neYemen. I-Eritrea yafumana uzimele-geqe kwi-Ethiopia ngowe-1993 emva komzabalazo wezixhobo owathabatha iminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Igubungela ummandla omalunga ne-117,600 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha, i-Eritrea ineendawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba ukusuka kwiintaba ukuya kwiindawo ezisezantsi. Ikomkhulu kunye nesixeko esikhulu selizwe yiAsmara. Ngabemi abaqikelelwa kwi-6 yezigidi zabantu, i-Eritrea ilikhaya kumaqela eentlanga aquka iTigrinya (eyona inkulu), iTigre, iSaho, iBilen, iRashaida nezinye. Iilwimi ezisemthethweni ezithethwa e-Eritrea sisiTigrinya nesiArabhu; nangona kunjalo, IsiNgesi sikwathethwa ngokubanzi ngenxa yembali yaso njengethanga lase-Italiya ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi. Uninzi lwenkolo esetyenziswa e-Eritrea yinkolo yobuSilamsi elandelwa bubuKristu. Ngokoqoqosho, ngenxa yendawo ekuyo kufutshane neendlela ezinkulu zokuthumela kunye nemithombo yendalo efana negolide, ubhedu, izinki, kunye neediphozithi zetyuwa, i-Eritrea inamandla amakhulu okukhula koqoqosho. Urhulumente ugxile ekuphuhliseni iiprojekthi zeziseko ezingundoqo ezifana neendlela namazibuko ukutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle. Uluntu lwase-Eritrea lujikeleza kwiinqobo zoluntu ezinobudlelwane obuqinileyo. Izithethe ezifana nemisitho yekofu zihlala zibonwa kuzo zonke iindibano zoluntu. Abantu base-Eritrea bayazingca ngobugcisa babo bemveli kunye nobugcisa obubandakanya ukwenza ubucwebe obuntsonkothileyo. kunye neempahla ezihonjisiweyo ezimele amaqela ahlukeneyo enkcubeko. Nangona kunjalo, i-Eritea ijongene nemingeni equka ingcinezelo yezopolitiko, ukunyamezela imbalela, kunye nokunqongophala kwenkululeko yoluntu. Urhulumente welizwe uyayibekela imiqathango inkululeko yokuthetha, inkcaso yezopolitiko, kunye namajelo eendaba azimeleyo. Ukuqukumbela, i-Eritea, isizwe esincinci, esizaliswe yimiceli mngeni yezopolitiko, yezoqoqosho kunye nentlalontle, iyaqhubeka nokuzabalazela uzinzo nophuhliso.
Imali yeSizwe
I-Eritrea, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeLizwe lase-Eritrea, lilizwe elikuMbonda weAfrika. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-Eritrea ayinayo imali yayo esemthethweni. Ithenda esemthethweni esetyenziswa kwiintengiselwano zemihla ngemihla ngokwenene yi-Ethiopian Birr (ETB). Ngokwembali, xa i-Eritrea ifumana inkululeko kwi-Ethiopia ngo-1993, yavelisa imali yayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Eritrea nakfa. Noko ke, ngenxa yokungazinzi kwezobupolitika kunye nemingeni yezoqoqosho eli lizwe elijamelene nayo kangangeminyaka, kuquka iingxabano namazwe angabamelwane kunye nezohlwayo eziwiswe yimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, urhulumente wagqiba kwelokuba athobe yaye amise izinga lokutshintshiselana ngemali yabo. Ngenxa yoko, ilahlekelwe ixabiso layo ngokuphawulekayo xa ithelekiswa nezinye iimali zamazwe angaphandle. Ukusukela ngoko, uninzi lwamashishini kunye nabantu ngokuyintloko basebenzisa i-Ethiopian Birr kwintengiselwano yemihla ngemihla ngaphakathi kwe-Eritrea. Oku kukholosa ngemali yangaphandle kudale imingeni ethile yezoqoqosho kubahlali nakumashishini ngokufanayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukusebenzisa imali yelinye ilizwe kunokukhokelela kubunzima kuthethathethwano zorhwebo kunye nemingcipheko yezinga lotshintshiselwano kubemi abaqhuba ushishino nezinye izizwe. Ukungabikho kwemali ezimeleyo kukwanciphisa ulawulo lukarhulumente kumgaqo-nkqubo wemali kunye nokuzinza kwezoqoqosho. Ukuqukumbela, i-Eritrea ixhomekeke kwi-Ethiopian Birr njengeyona ndlela iphambili yethenda yomthetho ngenxa yeziganeko zembali kunye nemingeni yezoqoqosho elijongene nayo ilizwe. Ukungabi nayo imali yelizwe ezimeleyo kubangela imiqobo ethile kodwa ngoku yinxalenye eyamkelekileyo yobomi bemihla ngemihla kubantu abahlala e-Eritrea.
Imali yokutshintsha
Ithenda esemthethweni yase-Eritrea yiNakfa. Okwangoku, i-Eritrea ayibhengezi esidlangalaleni ireyithi yotshintshiselwano esemthethweni ngayo nayiphi na imali enkulu yehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwemeko yemarike yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle, kwimarike engekho mthethweni, i-dollar eyi-1 yase-US ilingana ne-15 ukuya kwi-17 nakas. Nceda uqaphele ukuba la manani luqikelelo kuphela kwaye iimeko zokwenyani zisenokutshintshwa. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane nolwazi lwezinga lotshintshiselwano lwamva nje xa lufunwa.
Iiholide ezibalulekileyo
I-Eritrea, ilizwe elikuMbindi weAfrika, ineeholide zesizwe eziliqela ezibalulekileyo ezinentsingiselo yenkcubeko nembali. Le mithendeleko ibhiyozelwa ngomdla omkhulu kwaye idibanisa abantu ukuze bahloniphe izithethe zabo kunye nelifa lemveli. Usuku lweNkululeko yenye yezona holide zibalulekileyo e-Eritrea. Ibhiyozelwa nge-24 kaMeyi, iphawula usuku apho i-Eritrea yafumana inkululeko kwi-Ethiopia ngo-1991 emva komzabalazo omde kunye negazi. Le mibhiyozo iquka imigidi, imidlalo yomculo, imixhentso yesintu, neentetho eziqaqambisa impumelelo yeli lizwe ukusukela oko lafumana inkululeko. Omnye umbhiyozo obalulekileyo luSuku lwabafeli-nkolo, olubhiyozelwa ngoJuni 20 nyaka ngamnye. Olu suku lunika imbeko kwabo bancama ubomi babo ngexesha lomzabalazo we-Eritrea wenkululeko. Abantu batyelela amangcwaba ukuze bakhumbule amaqhawe awileyo ngokubeka izithsaba neentyatyambo kumangcwaba abo. Abantu base-Eritrea nabo babhiyozela uSuku lweManyano yeSizwe ngoNovemba 24. Le holide ikhumbula ukusekwa komanyano phakathi kwe-Eritrea ne-Ethiopia ngo-1952 phambi kokuba ifakwe yi-Ethiopia kamva. Inika imbeko kwiminqweno yomanyano phakathi kwala mazwe omabini ngelixa ithathela ingqalelo iinkcubeko kunye nezithethe ekwabelwana ngazo. I-Meskel (Ukufumana uMnqamlezo weNyaniso) yiholide yobuKristu yamandulo yase-Ethiopia ebhiyozelwa ngokubanzi e-Eritrea. Ijongwa minyaka le nge-27 kaSeptemba okanye malunga nalo mhla ngokuxhomekeke kwikhalenda yeCalenda yama-Othodoki yaseTopiya, iphawula ukufunyanwa komnqamlezo kaYesu Krestu nguSaint Helena eYerusalem ngenkulungwane yesine A.D. ngemililo evuthayo efuzisela ukubaluleka kwayo ngokonqulo. Lilonke, le mibhiyozo ibonisa imbali etyebileyo ye-Eritea, ukomelela, iyantlukwano yenkcubeko, kwaye yomeleza ukuzingca kwesizwe phakathi kwabemi bayo njengoko bekhumbula amaxesha abalulekileyo amise isizwe sabo ukuba sibe yile nto siyimeleyo namhlanje.
Imeko yoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle
I-Eritrea, ekuMbonda weAfrika, lilizwe elincinane elinabemi abamalunga nezigidi ezi-5.3. Uqoqosho lwelizwe luxhomekeke kakhulu kumacandelo ezolimo, ezemigodi kunye neenkonzo. Ngokubhekiselele kurhwebo, i-Eritrea ngokuyintloko ithumela iimpahla ezinje ngeeminerali (igolide, ubhedu, i-zinc), imfuyo (iinkomo neenkamela), amalaphu, kunye neemveliso zezolimo ezifana neziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Amaqabane ayo aphambili ezorhwebo aquka i-Itali, i-China, iSaudi Arabia, iSudan, kunye neQatar. Kwelinye icala, i-Eritrea ingenisa ngaphandle iimpahla ezahlukeneyo kuquka oomatshini kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza kwezemigodi nokwakha. Ikwangenisa iimveliso zokutya ezifana nerayisi nengqolowa ngenxa yokuzimela okulinganiselweyo kwimimandla ethile yezolimo. Ezona mithombo ziphambili zokungeniswa kwe-Eritrea ziquka iChina, i-Italiya yaseYiphutha, kunye neTurkey. Urhulumente useke imimandla emininzi yorhwebo lwasimahla ukutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kumacandelo afana nelemveliso xa kuziwa ekutsaleni utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle (i-FDI). Le mimandla ingahlawulelwayo inika inkuthazo yerhafu ukukhuthaza imizi-mveliso efana nokuveliswa kwamalaphu axhasa iimfuno zemveliso yasekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba i-Eritrea ijongene neengxwabangxwaba ezininzi zezopolitiko kunye namazwe angabamelwane malunga neengxabano zemida eziye zachaphazela ukukhula koqoqosho. Le mingeni iphazamisa amandla obuhlakani borhwebo namazwe ngamazwe obunokuncedisa iinzame zophuhliso loqoqosho ngokubonelela ngeemarike ezintsha zeemveliso zalapha ekhaya. Intsilelo yorhwebo iyonke ihleli ingumba obalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwe-Eritrea njengoko isokola ukunqongophala kwamandla okuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle phakathi kwemingeni eyahlukeneyo yangaphakathi kuquka neziseko zophuhliso ezingonelanga. Ukongeza, izohlwayo eziphunyezwe ngamanye amazwe ngenxa yeenkxalabo zamalungelo oluntu zibe nefuthe ngakumbi kumathuba orhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kwesi sizwe. Ukuqukumbela,Imeko yangoku yorhwebo ye-Eritrea ibonisa uqoqosho oluxhomekeke kakhulu kwezolimo ngelixa izama ukwahluka ngotyalo-mali kwimisebenzi yezemigodi,iNdawo zoRhwebo oluKhululwa . Nangona kunjalo, ukusilela kurhwebo kuhlala kungumngeni kunye nemiba yezopolitiko ethintela amathuba okukhula.
Uphuhliso lweMakethi olunokubakho
I-Eritrea inamandla amakhulu okuphuhlisa imarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Njengelizwe elikuMbindi weAfrika, liyakonwabela ukufikelela ngobuchule kwiindlela ezinkulu zeenqanawa. Oku kubonelela i-Eritrea ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo zokurhweba ngeempahla kunye neenkonzo kunye neemarike zengingqi kunye nehlabathi. Elinye lamacandelo aphambili anegalelo kurhwebo lwangaphandle lwe-Eritrea lizemigodi. Eli lizwe linezimbiwa ezininzi ezifana negolide, ubhedu, izinc, nepotash. Ngotyalo-mali olufanelekileyo kwiziseko ezingundoqo kunye nobuchwepheshe, i-Eritrea inokutsala iinkampani zangaphandle ezinomdla wokukhupha ezi zixhobo zixabisekileyo. Oku akuyi kukhulisa ingeniso yamazwe angaphandle kuphela kodwa kuya kudala amathuba emisebenzi kwaye kukhuthaze ukukhula koqoqosho. Icandelo lezolimo likwabonelela ngamathemba athembisayo ophuhliso lorhwebo lwangaphandle e-Eritrea. Eli lizwe linomhlaba ochumileyo ofanelekileyo ukuze kulinywe iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo eziquka ukutya okuziinkozo, iziqhamo, imifuno, ikofu nomqhaphu. Ngokuphucula iindlela zolimo ngokusebenzisa iindlela zale mihla kunye nokutyala imali kwiinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela, i-Eritrea inokunyusa umthamo wayo wemveliso ukuze ihlangabezane nemfuno yasekhaya ngelixa iziseka njengomthengisi othembekileyo kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphaya koko, ukhenketho lubonisa enye indlela yokukhula koqoqosho ngophuhliso lorhwebo lwangaphandle. I-Eritrea ineendawo ezizodwa zembali ezifana ne-Asmara yobugcisa be-deco evunywe luLuhlu lweLifa leMveli le-UNESCO. Ukongeza, inonxweme oluhle olugudle uLwandle oluBomvu olulungele imisebenzi yokhenketho elwandle njengokuntywila kunye nokuntywila. Ukukhuthaza ezi mtsalane kubakhenkethi bamazwe ngamazwe kunokuba negalelo elikhulu ekwandiseni ingeniso yonaniso lwangaphandle. Ngaphandle kolu phuhliso lukhulu lorhwebo lwangaphandle kumacandelo ahlukeneyo akhankanywe ngasentla, I-Eritrea ijongene nemingeni efuna ukulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo: ukunqongophala kweziseko zophuhliso ezaneleyo kuquka uthungelwano lwezothutho; ukufikelela okulinganiselweyo kumathuba emali; Ukruthakruthwano lwezopolitiko oluchaphazela ubudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe amabini kunye namazwe angabamelwane athe athintela amathuba orhwebo awela imida. Ukuvula ngokupheleleyo amandla ayo orhwebo lwangaphandle, kubalulekile kurhulumente wase-Eritrea ukuba anike ingqwalaselo ephambili ekusombululeni iimfuno zeziseko ezingundoqo, ukwenza ubonelelo ngezixhobo eziphuculweyo, kunye neenzame zezozakuzo ezijolise ekukhuthazeni ubudlelwane obungenamagingxi-gingxi nobunobunye kunye nabamelwane babo ukuqinisekisa uzinzo nentsebenziswano kwingingqi. Lilonke, notyalo-mali olufanelekileyo kumacandelo abalulekileyo, kunye neenzame zokoyisa imingeni I-Eritrea inamandla amakhulu okuphuhlisa imarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle kunye negalelo ekukhuleni koqoqosho.
Iimveliso ezishushu ezithengiswayo kwimarike
Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni iimveliso ezidumileyo kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle e-Eritrea, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela uqoqosho lwelizwe, izinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi, kunye nemfuno enokubakho. Nazi iingcebiso ezimbalwa zokuqhubeka ngokukhetha ezi zinto zithengiswa kakhulu: 1. Ukuqhuba uphando lwemarike: Qala ngokuqonda imeko yezoqoqosho kunye nokukhula okunokwenzeka kwe-Eritrea. Chonga amashishini angundoqo kunye namacandelo apho ilizwe linenzuzo yokhuphiswano okanye iimarike ezivelayo. 2. Vavanya izinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi: Funda inkcubeko yendawo, iindlela zokuphila, kunye namandla okuthenga abathengi base-Eritrea. Qwalasela iimveliso ezihambelana neemfuno zabo kunye nezinto abazithandayo ngelixa zibonelela ngento eyodwa okanye engafumanekiyo ekuhlaleni. 3. Gxininisa kwimveliso yezolimo: Xa kujongwa uqoqosho lwezolimo, iimveliso zezolimo zinesakhono esibalulekileyo sokuthumela ngaphandle e-Eritrea. Phonononga iinketho ezifana neembotyi zekofu, iziqholo (ezifana ne-cumin okanye i-turmeric), iziqhamo (imango okanye i-papayas), okanye imifuno (itumato okanye itswele). 4. Khuthaza imisebenzi yezandla: Imisebenzi yezandla ibamba umtsalane omkhulu kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yokungafani kwayo kunye nentsingiselo yenkcubeko. Khuthaza amagcisa ukuba enze ubugcisa bemveli obufana nodongwe, amalaphu alukiweyo afana neetyali okanye iiragi, imikrolo yamaplanga, iibhaskithi ezenziwe ngezinto zasekuhlaleni. 5. Ukuphuhlisa izinto zokusetyenzwa kwezolimo: Ukuqwalasela ukutyala imali kwiindawo zokusetyenzwa kwemveliso yezolimo e-Eritrea ukongezwa kwexabiso lemveliso yezolimo njengeembotyi zekofu kwikofu ecoliweyo elungele ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe; oku kunokunyusa ixabiso lemveliso ngelixa uvula iimarike ezintsha. 6.Thengisa iimpahla zemveli: Ukuthengisa iimpahla zobuhlanga zokwenyani ezibonisa inkcubeko yase-Eritrea usebenzisa amalaphu asekuhlaleni kunye noyilo-oku kunokutsala abakhenkethi kunye nabathengi bamazwe angaphandle abanomdla kwiifashoni ezizodwa. 7. Vavanya amandla obutyebi bezimbiwa: Ukuphonononga ishishini lezemigodi kunganceda ukuchonga izimbiwa ezixabisekileyo ezikhoyo elizweni ezinokuthi zifunwe kwihlabathi jikelele njengegolide, itantalum, nickel, ubhedu njl. 8. Qwalasela izisombululo zamandla ahlaziyekayo: I-Erectria inika amandla amakhulu anokwenzeka amandla elanga. Ukuba ngummandla obharhileyo, izifudumezi zamanzi elanga, izibane zelanga zinokuba yimithombo ebalulekileyo yokukhuthaza. 9. Yakha intsebenziswano: Seka unxibelelwano namashishini asekuhlaleni, imibutho, kunye nemibutho yorhwebo ngaphakathi kwe-Eritrea. Sebenzisana ukufumana ulwazi kwiimfuno zemarike, imiqobo yokungena kunye nokufumanisa amathuba anokubakho. 10. Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokuthotyelwa: Ukubeka phambili amanyathelo okulawula umgangatho ukugcina iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ukuthobela iimfuno ezisemthethweni zemimiselo yorhwebo kunye neziqinisekiso. Khumbula ukuba impumelelo yayo nayiphi na imveliso kwiimarike zangaphandle ixhomekeke kuphando olucokisekileyo, ukuguquguquka, ukubekwa esweni okuqhubekayo kweendlela zentengiso, kunye nokuguquguquka kokulungelelanisa iimveliso ngokweemfuno zabathengi.
Iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboo
Iimpawu zoMthengi wase-Eritrea: 1. Ukubuk’ iindwendwe: Abantu base-Eritrea baziwa ngomoya wabo wokubuk’ iindwendwe ofudumeleyo nowokwenene. Baphatha iindwendwe ngentlonipho enkulu kunye nezijekulo zokwamkela, ukwenza iindwendwe zizive zisekhaya. 2 Ukuhlonela abadala: Kwisithethe sase-Eritrea, abadala banesigxina esihlonelwayo yaye bahlonelwa gqitha. Abathengi, ngakumbi izizukulwana eziselula, badla ngokubonisa imbeko kubantu abadala ngelixa benxibelelana nabo kwiisetingi ezahlukeneyo. 3. Uluvo olomeleleyo loluntu: Abantu base-Eritrea banoluvo oluqinileyo loluntu kwaye babeka phambili imvisiswano yeqela kuneemfuno zomntu ngamnye. Abathengi banokuxabisa iinkqubo zokuthatha izigqibo ezihlangeneyo kuneendlela zomntu ngamnye xa kuziwa ekuthengeni okanye kuthethathethwano lweshishini. 4. Inkcubeko yothethathethwano: Uthethathethwano luxhaphakile kwiimarike nakumashishini amancinci e-Eritrea. Uthethathethwano ngamaxabiso lulindelekile xa kuthengwa iimpahla okanye iinkonzo kubathengisi basekuhlaleni okanye amagcisa. Kubalulekile ukuba abathengi bazibandakanye kuthethwano lobuhlobo ngelixa begcina imbeko. I-Taboos okanye ubuzaza beNkcubeko: I-1.I-Sensitivity kwiinkonzo: Inkolo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi babantu abaninzi base-Eritrea, ngoko umntu kufuneka asondele kwiingxoxo zonqulo ngenkathalo kwaye ahloniphe naziphi na iinkolelo ezahlukeneyo okanye izenzo ezidibana nazo ngexesha lokusebenzisana nabathengi. 2.Iingxoxo zezopolitiko: Izihloko zezopolitiko zinokuba novakalelo ngenxa yeengxabano zangaphambili, imiba yamalungelo oluntu, okanye ezinye iimpikiswano ezinxulumeneyo kwimbali yelizwe; ngaloo ndlela kuhle ukuphepha ukubandakanyeka kwiincoko ezinempembelelo yezobupolitika ngaphandle kokuba umenywe ngumthengi ngokwakhe. 3. Ulwimi lomzimba: Izijekulo ezithile ezinokwamkeleka kwezinye iindawo zinokugqalwa njengezono ngokwenkcubeko yase-Eritrea—ezifana nokukhomba umntu ngeminwe ngqo okanye ukubonisa intende yeenyawo zakho komnye umntu xa uhleli—ngoko kubalulekile ukuqaphela ulwimi lomzimba. ngelixa uqhuba iintengiselwano zoshishino. 4.Iindima zesini kunye nokulingana: Iindima zesini ngokwemveli zisekhona eluntwini; ke ngoko, abathengi kufuneka basebenzise ubuntununtunu kwimiba enxulumene nesini efana nokujongana neendima zabasetyhini kwiimeko ezithile ngentlonipho kwaye baphephe ukucinga okusekwe kwimiba ekhoyo malunga nomsebenzi okanye usapho. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba usondele kubathengi base-Eritrea ngobuntununtunu benkcubeko, ukuhlonela amasiko asekuhlaleni, kunye nokuqonda iimpawu zabo ezizodwa ukuseka unxibelelwano olusebenzayo kunye nokwakha ubudlelwane obuqinileyo.
Inkqubo yolawulo lweCustoms
I-Eritrea lilizwe elikuMbindi weAfrika. Inenkqubo yamasiko neyokufuduka esekwe kakuhle kwimida yayo. Ulawulo lokungena kweli lizwe lujolise ekulawuleni nasekulawuleni ukuthuthwa kwempahla, abantu kunye nezithuthi ukuwela imida yalo. Xa ungena okanye uphuma e-Eritrea, kukho izinto ezithile ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule malunga nemimiselo yezithethe: 1. Amaxwebhu afunekayo: Abahambi kufuneka babe nencwadana yokundwendwela esemthethweni eshiyekileyo ubuncinane beenyanga ezintandathu. I-visa idla ngokufuneka ukuze ungene e-Eritrea, nangona abemi bamanye amazwe banokukhululeka kule mfuneko. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ujonge i-ambassy yase-Eritrea ekufutshane okanye i-consulate ngaphambi kokuba uhambe. 2. Izinto Ezingavumelekanga: Izinto ezithile azivumelekanga ukuba zithengwe okanye zithunyelwe e-Eritrea ngaphandle kwemvume yangaphambili, kuquka imipu, iziyobisi, izinto ezibonisa amanyala, neemveliso zomgunyathi. 3. Izibonelelo Ezingahlawulisi Msebenzi: Abahambi bavumelekile ukuba beze nezinto zabo ukuze bazisebenzise simahla; nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho imida kubuninzi beempahla ezithile ezicingelwa ukusetyenziswa komntu (umzekelo, iimveliso zecuba kunye notywala). 4. Ukubhengeza IiMpahla ezineXabiso: Ukuba uphethe izinto zexabiso ezifana ne-elektroniki ebiza imali eninzi okanye ubucwebe xa ungena e-Eritrea, kubalulekile ukuba uzibhengeze ngokuthe gca kwizithethe ekufikeni kwazo ukuthintela nakuphi na ukungaqondani kamva. 5. Imithetho yemali: Kukho izithintelo ekuziseni izixa ezikhulu zemali yangaphandle elizweni ngaphandle kwesibhengezo esifanelekileyo ngokomthetho wase-Eritrea. Kucetyiswa ukuba uziqhelanise nale mimiselo kwangaphambili. 6.Izithintelo kwiiMpahla zeNkcubeko: Ukuthumela izinto zakudala zenkcubeko ezifana nezinto zakudala ezifunyenweyo okanye izinto ezibalulekileyo ngokwembali ngaphandle kwemvume evela kwabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo zomthetho ngaphakathi kwe-Eritrea nakwamanye amazwe. 7.Hlonipha izithethe zasekuhlaleni kunye neNdlela yokuziphatha: Xa usebenzisana namagosa ezelizwe okanye abanye abantu basekuhlaleni ngelixa use-Eritrea, kubalulekile ukuhlonipha inkcubeko yabo kwaye ulandele izithethe zasekuhlaleni zokuziphatha. Ezi zikhokelo zijolise ekuboneleleni ngolwazi ngokubanzi malunga nenkqubo yolawulo lwezithethe e-Eritrea. Abahambi bafanele bakhumbule ukuba imimiselo inokutshintsha, kwaye kusoloko kucetyiswa ukuba udibane nemithombo esemthethweni okanye ufune ulwalathiso kumagunya afanelekileyo ngaphambi kohambo.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu
I-Eritrea, ekumaphondo e-Afrika, inomgaqo-nkqubo werhafu othe ngqo wokulawula ukungena kwempahla elizweni. Iirhafu ezivela kwamanye amazwe zinyanzeliswa kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ukukhusela imizi-mveliso yasekhaya kunye nokungenisa ingeniso kurhulumente. Amaxabiso erhafu yokungenisa elizweni ayahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Umzekelo, izinto eziyimfuneko ezisisiseko ezifana nokutya okusisiseko, amayeza, kunye nezinto ezithile zezolimo zinikwa iirhafu eziphantsi okanye ezixolelweyo zokungenisa elizweni ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyafikeleleka kunye nokufumaneka kwazo. Kwelinye icala, izinto zobunewunewu ezifana nezithuthi, i-electronics, kunye neempahla zabathengi eziphezulu zitsala irhafu ephezulu yokungenisa elizweni. Ezi ntlawulo ziphakamileyo zijolise ekuthinteleni ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwempahla engabalulekanga kunye nokukhuthaza imveliso yasekhaya ukuba kunokwenzeka. Ukongeza, i-Eritrea iphumeze iirhafu ezongezelelweyo kwiimveliso ezithile ezibonwa ziyingozi okanye zingenabungane ngokwendalo. Oku kuquka iimveliso zecuba, iziselo ezinxilisayo kwakunye nezinto zokupakisha ezingaboliyo. Injongo ayikokwenza ingeniso eyongezelelweyo kuphela kodwa ikwakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ngelixa kukhuselwa okusingqongileyo. Ngaphaya koko, i-Eritrea ngamaxesha athile ihlengahlengisa amaxabiso ayo erhafu yokungenisa elizweni ngokusekwe kuqwalaselo lwezoqoqosho kunye nothethathethwano zorhwebo namanye amazwe okanye imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe efana noMbutho woRhwebo lweHlabathi (i-WTO). Olu hlengahlengiso lungabandakanya ukucuthwa kweerhafu kwiindidi ezithile zokungeniswa ngaphandle okanye ukukhululwa okwethutyana ngexesha likaxakeka okanye iimeko zonxunguphalo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iimfuno zamaxwebhu ezifana nezibhengezo zesithethe kunye ne-invoyisi efanelekileyo ziyimfuneko kuzo zonke izinto ezingeniswa e-Eritrea. Ukungathotyelwa kwale migaqo kungakhokelela kwizohlwayo okanye ukuthinjwa kwempahla ngoogunyaziwe berhafu. Lilonke, umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu wokungenisa elizweni wase-Eritrea ujolise ekukhuseleni amashishini angundoqo ngokumisela amaxabiso awohlukeneyo amaxabiso asekelwe kwiindidi zeemveliso. Ukongeza, ijonge ukuvelisa ingeniso yophuhliso lwesizwe ngelixa ikhuthaza usetyenziso olunoxanduva ngokuhambelana neenjongo zokuzinza kokusingqongileyo.
Iipolisi zerhafu ezithumela ngaphandle
I-Eritrea, ilizwe elikuMmandla we-Afrika, inomgaqo-nkqubo obanzi werhafu yokuthumela impahla ngaphandle. Isizwe sirhafisa iirhafu ezithile kwizinto ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nodidi lwemveliso kunye nexabiso layo. Umgaqo-nkqubo we-Eritrea werhafu yokuthumela impahla ngaphandle ijolise ekukhuthazeni ukukhula koqoqosho nophuhliso ngokungenisa ingeniso kurhulumente ngelixa ikwakhusela imizi-mveliso yasekhaya. Ilizwe limisela imisebenzi yokuthumela ngaphandle ikakhulu kwizinto zendalo, iimveliso zezolimo, kunye nezinto ezenziweyo. Amazinga erhafu ayahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimpahla yorhwebo ethile ethunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle. Ngokomzekelo, i-Eritrea isebenzisa amaxabiso erhafu ahlukeneyo kwizinto ezifana nezimbiwa (kuquka igolide nobhedu), iimveliso zemfuyo (ezinje ngezikhumba nezikhumba), ikofu, amalaphu, ukutya okusele kulungisiwe, izixhobo zoomatshini, iikhemikhali nezinye izinto ezenziweyo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-Eritrea ikhuthaza imisebenzi yokongezwa kwexabiso ngaphakathi kwemida yayo. Ke ngoko, inokubonelela ngerhafu ephantsi okanye ukungabikho kwemisebenzi yokuthumela ngaphandle kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo okanye ezitshintshiweyo ezithe zafumana iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo zokwenziwa kwelizwe. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwale mimiselo kunye neemfuneko zerhafu ngexesha lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, amaqela anomdla kufuneka achaze iimpahla zabo ngokuchanekileyo kwiindawo zokujonga izinto. Abathumeli bangaphandle kufuneka banikezele ngamaxwebhu ayimfuneko kubandakanywa ii-invoyisi zorhwebo ezichaza iinkcazo zemveliso kunye neemvume ezisebenzayo ukuba ziyasebenza. Umgaqo-nkqubo we-Eritrea werhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle ufuna ukulingana phakathi kokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho ngokuthumela ngaphandle ngelixa ikhusela imizi-mveliso yangaphakathi. Ngokumisela irhafu kwiimveliso ezithile ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwazo kunye nemilinganiselo yokongezwa kwexabiso ngaphakathi kwemida yase-Eritrea kukhuthazwa kakhulu. Olu lwazi lunika isishwankathelo semigaqo-nkqubo ye-Eritrea yokuthumela ngaphandle; Nangona kunjalo ulwazi oluthe kratya lunokufunyanwa kwimithombo karhulumente efanelekileyo okanye imibutho yorhwebo phambi kokuba ubandakanyeke kuyo nayiphi na imisebenzi yokuthumela ngaphandle kunye ne-Eritrea.
Iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle
I-Eritrea lilizwe elikuMbindi weAfrika. Yafumana inkululeko kwi-Ethiopia ngo-1993 kwaye ukususela ngoko igxile ekuphuhliseni uqoqosho lwayo ngokusebenzisa amashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokuba semthethweni kweemveliso zayo ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle, i-Eritrea iseke inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwesatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle. Isiqinisekiso sokuthunyelwa ngaphandle e-Eritrea kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi. Okokuqala, abathumeli bangaphandle kufuneka babhalise ishishini labo kwii-arhente zikarhulumente ezifanelekileyo, ezifana neSebe lezoRhwebo noShishino. Olu bhaliso luqinisekisa ukuba iziko elithumela ngaphandle lamkelwa ngokusemthethweni kwaye lihlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno eziyimfuneko. Okwesibini, abathumeli bangaphandle kufuneka bafumane iimvume ezithile okanye iilayisensi zokuthumela iimveliso ezithile kumazwe angaphandle. Ezi mvume ziyohluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweempahla ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle, ezifana nemveliso yezolimo okanye impahla eyenziweyo. UMphathiswa wezoLimo unokukhupha izatifikethi zokuthunyelwa kwezolimo kumazwe angaphandle, ngelixa amanye amasebe okanye izigqeba ezilawulayo zongamela iziqinisekiso zamacandelo ahlukeneyo. Okwesithathu, abathumeli bangaphandle kufuneka bathobele imigangatho yomgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemimiselo ukuze bafumane isiqinisekiso sokuthumela ngaphandle. Oku kuquka ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ziyayifezekisa imigangatho yokhuseleko, zineeleyibhile ezifanelekileyo kunye nokupakishwa, kwaye ziyahlangabezana nazo naziphi na iimfuneko ezithile ezibekwe ngamazwe angenisayo. Ukongeza kula manyathelo, abathumeli bangaphandle base-Eritrea banokuphinda bafune ukubonelela ngamaxwebhu anxulumene nokukhutshwa kwempahla kunye nokuthengiselana ngemali ngexesha lenkqubo yokuthumela ngaphandle. Eli phepha linceda ukulandelela ukuthunyelwa kunye nokuseka ukungafihli kwimisebenzi yorhwebo. Kubalulekile ukuba abathengisi bangaphandle base-Eritrea baziqhelanise neemfuno ezithile zemarike nganye ekujoliswe kuyo abanqwenela ukuyithumela kuyo. Amazwe awohlukeneyo anemimiselo eyahlukeneyo malunga nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, njengamanyathelo ococeko okanye amaxabiso entlawulo. Abathengisi bangaphandle kufuneka bazazi ezi mfuno phambi kokuba bathumele iimveliso zabo phesheya. Lilonke, ukufumana isatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle e-Eritrea kubandakanya ukubhalisa ishishini lakho kwabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo, ukufumana iimvume/ielayisenisi ezingqamene nemveliso ukuba zifunwa ngumthetho okanye ummiselo; ukuthobela imigangatho yomgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe; ukubonelela ngeempepha eziyimfuneko zokukhutshwa kwempahla ekhoyo; ukuqonda imigaqo yemarike ekujoliswe kuyo; ukuqinisekisa ukuba selubala kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuthumela ngaphandle
Ulungiselelo lolungiselelo olucetyiswayo
I-Eritrea, emi kuphondo lweAfrika, lilizwe elaziwa njengendawo yalo yobuchule ngakunxweme loLwandle Olubomvu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-Eritrea ibisenza iinzame ezibalulekileyo zokuphucula iziseko zoncedo ukulungiselela urhwebo nokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso ngeenkonzo zolungiselelo e-Eritrea: 1. Izibuko laseMassawa: Izibuko laseMassawa lelona zibuko likhulu kwaye libaluleke kakhulu e-Eritrea. Isebenza njengesango lokungenisa kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-Eritrea kuphela kodwa nakumazwe angabamelwane avaliweyo afana ne-Ethiopia neSudan. Izibuko libonelela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo ezinjengokuphatha iikhonteyina, indawo yokugcina imithwalo, ukukhutshwa kwempahla, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenqanawa. 2. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saMazwe ngaMazwe sase-Asmara: Isikhululo seenqwelomoya sase-Asmara sesona sikhululo seenqwelomoya e-Eritrea esiphatha iinqwelomoya zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuthutho lothutho ngenqwelomoya ngaphakathi elizweni kwaye iququzelela unxibelelwano nezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Ngeziseko ezingundoqo zale mihla kunye nobuchule obuphambili bokuphatha imithwalo, esi sikhululo seenqwelomoya sibonelela ngezisombululo ezithembekileyo zolungiselelo. 3. Uthungelwano lweNdlela: Uthungelwano lweendlela e-Eritrea luphucuke kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo kunye neeprojekthi zophuhliso eziqhubekayo ezijolise ekudibaniseni imimandla eyahlukeneyo yelizwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukwakhiwa kweendlela ezintsha kuphucule ukufikeleleka kwiindawo ezikude apho uthutho belunomngeni ngaphambili. 4. Iindlela zokuthumela ngenqanawa: Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthumela ngenqanawa zisebenza ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo eziya kumachweba ase-Eritrea ukusuka kumazwe ngamazwe afana neYurophu, iAsia, kunye noMbindi Mpuma. Abathwali abakhulu behlabathi babonelela ngeenkonzo zokuthumela iikhonteyina zombini zokungeniswa ngaphandle kwe-Eritrea kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kuyo. 5.Amaziko okugcina iimpahla: Iinkampani ezininzi zabucala zibonelela ngeendawo zokugcina iimpahla kuzo zonke izixeko ezikhulu ezifana neAsmara okanye iMassawa ebonelela ngeendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokugcina iintlobo ngeentlobo zeempahla ezibandakanya izinto ezinokonakala. I-6.Ii-Agents zokuCoca iCustoms: Imimiselo yezithethe zase-Eritrea inokuba nzima; kungoko ukuqesha i-arhente ethembekileyo yokukhutshwa kwempahla kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukungena ngokutyibilikayo okanye iinkqubo zokuphuma kumazibuko okanye kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya.Uya kunceda abathumeli bangaphandle/abathumela ngaphandle ngeemfuno zamaxwebhu, ukuhlelwa kweentlawulo, kunye nokukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kweempahla. 7.Izothutho zeNdawo: Iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zothutho zibonelela ngeenkonzo zothutho lwangaphakathi emhlabeni ukuhambisa imithwalo ukusuka kumazibuko ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela ngaphakathi kwe-Eritrea okanye kumazwe angabamelwane.Ukufikeleleka kwezothutho ezindleleni kwenziwa kube lula ngeeprojekthi zokwandiswa kothungelwano olukhulayo. 8.Abahambisi bempahla bamazwe ngamazwe:Abathumeli bempahla bamazwe ngamazwe bancedisa ekulawuleni inkqubo yothutho ngokulungelelanisa ukuthunyelwa, ukulungisa izisombululo zezothutho ezininzi, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yempahla.Banokubonelela ngenkxaso ebanzi yolungiselelo kuyo yomibini imisebenzi yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. Ukuqukumbela, i-Eritrea ityale imali kwiziseko zayo zokusebenza ukulungiselela ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngokufanelekileyo elizweni kunye nokukhuthaza urhwebo namanye amazwe. Izibuko laseMassawa, iSikhululo seenqwelomoya saseAsmara, kunye nothungelwano lwendlela oluqhagamshelwe kakuhle ziiasethi eziphambili ezinegalelo kuphuhliso lolungiselelo. . Ukongeza, ukufumaneka kweendawo zokugcina iimpahla, ii-arhente zokukhutshwa kwempahla, abathumeli bempahla bamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nababoneleli beenkonzo zothutho basekuhlaleni abathembekileyo baqhubela phambili ekuphuculeni izakhono ze-Eritrea zolungiselelo.
Imijelo yophuhliso lwabathengi

Imiboniso yorhwebo ebalulekileyo

I-Eritrea lilizwe elincinane elikumaphondo eAfrika. Nangona ubukhulu bayo, ineendlela ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zophuhliso lokuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe kunye nemiboniso yorhwebo. 1. I-Asmara International Trade Fair: Lo msitho waminyaka le ubanjelwa e-Asmara, isixeko esilikomkhulu lase-Eritrea. Idibanisa amashishini asekhaya nawamazwe ngamazwe ukubonisa iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zawo. Lo mboniso worhwebo utsala abathengi abasuka kumashishini ahlukeneyo aquka ezolimo, ezemveliso, ezokwakha, nobugcisa. 2. I-Eritrea-Ethiopia Trade Corridor: Emva kwesivumelwano soxolo sakutshanje phakathi kwe-Eritrea ne-Ethiopia, ipaseji yorhwebo phakathi kwala mazwe mabini iye yasekwa. Oku kubonelela ngejelo elibalulekileyo kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ukufikelela kwimpahla evela kumazwe omabini. 3. Izibuko lase-Assab: Izibuko lase-Assab lelinye lamazibuko amakhulu ase-Eritrea adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuququzeleleni urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Isebenza njengendawo yokungena yempahla engena okanye ephumayo elizweni. Abathengi abaninzi bamazwe aphesheya basebenzisa eli zibuko ukungenisa iimveliso ezinje ngoomatshini, izithuthi, i-elektroniki, imathiriyeli ekrwada, kunye nempahla yabathengi. 4.IiNdawo eziKhuselekileyo zezoQoqosho: I-Eritrea yonyule iindawo ezikhululekileyo kwezoqoqosho ukutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kunye nokukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle. Babonelela ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo zemisebenzi yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kumazwe angaphandle. IMassawa Free Zone kufutshane nesixeko saseMassawa ibonelela ngeziseko ezingundoqo kunye nezibonelelo apho amashishini anokuseka isiseko somsebenzi wawo. 5. INtsebenziswano yokuNgenisa izinto ngaphandle: I-Eritrea iye yaseka intsebenziswano namazwe angabamelwane afana neSudan apho amanyathelo adibeneyo enziwe ukuququzelela urhwebo oluwela imida. Ngamalungiselelo akhethekileyo erhafu, abathengi banokufikelela kwimpahla ngexabiso elithotyiweyo, nto leyo eyenza kube nomtsalane kubo ukufumana iimveliso olu buhlakani. 6. Uphuhliso loShishino lwezoLimo: EzoLimo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwase-Eritrea. Izicwangciso zophuhliso lweshishini lwezolimo zijolise ekuphuhliseni amacandelo oshishino lwezolimo afana nokulungiswa kokutya, ukukhutshwa kweoli, ukuveliswa komqhaphu njalo njalo. Ukutsala abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe, urhulumente ukhuthaza utyalo-mali ngokunika inkuthazo, ukwenza. iyindlela enokubakho yezivumelwano zokuthenga 7. Icandelo lezeMigodi: I-Eritrea inobutyebi bezimbiwa obufana negolide, ikopolo, i-zinc, kunye nepotash. Oku kukhokelele kutyalo-mali kwicandelo lezemigodi okukhokelela kumathuba kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abanomdla wokuthenga izimbiwa ekrwada okanye ukutyala imali kwimisebenzi yemigodi. 8.Ishishini lokuVelisa amalaphu: Ishishini lamalaphu lase-Eritrea likhula ngokuthe ngcembe, litsala umdla wabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Urhulumente uyaluxhasa uphuhliso lokwenziwa kwamalaphu ngokunika inkuthazo nokuseka iipaki zemizi-mveliso. Abathengi banokufumana iimpahla esele zenziwe, iingubo kunye namalaphu kweli candelo. 9. Uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo: I-Eritrea ityale imali eninzi kwiiprojekthi zophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo. Oku kuquka ulwakhiwo lweendlela, ulwakhiwo lwezindlu, iiprojekthi zamandla ezifana namadama kunye nemizi-mveliso yombane. Amathuba avela kwezi projekthi atsala iinkampani zokwakha zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nababoneleli ngoomatshini, izixhobo, ifanitshala njl.njl. Ukuqukumbela, i-Eritrea ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe ngemiboniso yorhwebo, ukufikelela kwizibuko, kunye nentsebenziswano. Ezi ndlela zibonelela ngamathuba abalaseleyo kubathengi bamanye amazwe abajonge ukuphonononga amashishini, izivumelwano zorhwebo, okanye utyalo-mali kumashishini ase-Eritrea.
Zininzi iinjini zokukhangela ezisetyenziswa rhoqo e-Eritrea. Nalu uluhlu lwabanye babo kunye nee-URL zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-Bing (www.bing.com): I-Bing yinjini yokukhangela edumileyo ebonelela ngophendlo lwewebhu, ukhangelo lwemifanekiso, ukhangelo lwevidiyo, ukhangelo lweendaba, nokunye. Ibonelela ngeziphumo zendawo ngokusekelwe kwindawo yomsebenzisi. 2. Yandex (www.yandex.com): Yandex yenye injini yokukhangela esetyenziswa ngokubanzi e-Eritrea. Ibonelela ngophendlo lwewebhu, imifanekiso, iividiyo, iimephu, amanqaku eendaba, kunye nezinye iinkonzo. 3. Google (www.google.com): Nangona uGoogle esenokungasetyenziswa njenge-Bing okanye iYandex e-Eritrea ngenxa yofikelelo lwe-intanethi olulinganiselweyo kubantu abaninzi elizweni, iselukhetho oludumileyo kubasebenzisi abaninzi abafuna ulwazi ngokubanzi. . 4. I-Sogou (www.sogou.com): I-Sogou yinjini yokukhangela esekwe eTshayina ekwabonelela ngokhangelo lwewebhu kunye nezinye iinkonzo ezinje ngemifanekiso kunye namanqaku eendaba. 5. I-DuckDuckGo (i-duckduckgo.com): I-DuckDuckGo yaziwa ngendlela yayo yabucala-egxile ekuphendleni iwebhu. Ayilandeli okanye igcine iinkcukacha zobuqu zabasebenzisi okanye imikhwa yokubrawuza. 6. I-Yahoo Search (search.yahoo.com): I-Yahoo Search inikezela ngeempawu ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya uphendlo lwewebhu usebenzisa i-algorithm yeYahoo kunye namanqaku eendaba, ukukhangela imifanekiso, ukukhangela ividiyo kwimithombo emininzi. I-7: I-Startpage (startpage.com): I-Startpage ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba baphucule ubumfihlo be-intanethi ngokusebenza njengomlamli phakathi komsebenzisi kunye neewebhusayithi abazityelelayo ngelixa besenza uphando ngokungaziwa ngeeseva zabo zommeli. 8: Qwant (qwant.com/en/): I-Qwant yinjini yokukhangela yabucala esekwe eYurophu ebeka phambili ubumfihlo bomsebenzisi ngelixa ibonelela ngeziphumo zewebhu kunye nophendlo lwemifanekiso kunye neendaba.

Amaphepha amakhulu atyheli

I-Eritrea lilizwe elimi kuphondo lweAfrika, kumda weSudan, i-Ethiopia, kunye ne-Djibouti. Ngaphandle kokuba lelinye lawona mazwe mancinci e-Afrika, linembali etyebileyo kunye neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba ujonge amaphepha abalulekileyo atyheli e-Eritrea, nalu ukhetho olumbalwa ngeewebhusayithi zabo: 1. I-Eritrean Yellow Pages (www.er.yellowpages.net): Le ncwadana ye-intanethi ibonelela ngolwazi malunga namashishini, iinkonzo, kunye nemibutho kuwo wonke amacandelo awohlukeneyo e-Eritrea. Ibandakanya iindidi ezinje ngeehotele, iindawo zokutyela, iirenti zeemoto, iibhanki, izibhedlele, amaziko emfundo, nokunye. 2. I-Ethiopian Airlines - I-Ofisi yase-Asmara (www.ethiopianairlines.com): I-Ethiopian Airlines yenye yeenqwelomoya ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe ezikhonza e-Eritrea. I-ofisi yabo yengingqi inikezela ngeenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano zokubhukisha iinqwelomoya okanye nayiphi na imibuzo enxulumeneyo ngaphakathi kwe-Eritrea. 3. Ihotele iSheraton Asmara +251 29 1121200 (www.marriott.com/asmse): Ihotele iSheraton Asmara yihotele edumileyo kwisixeko esilikomkhulu ebonelela ngamashishini kunye nabakhenkethi bezolonwabo abanikezela ngendawo yokuhlala etofotofo kunye nezinto eziluncedo. 4. IBhanki yase-Eritrea (+291 1 182560 / www.bankoferitrea.org): Ibhanki engundoqo yase-Eritrea idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni imigaqo-nkqubo yemali yelizwe kunye nokuqinisekisa uzinzo lwezezimali kwicandelo leebhanki. 5. I-Massawa Port Authority +291 7 1162774: Izibuko laseMassawa lisango elibalulekileyo lokungenisa kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle e-Eritrea. Ukuqhagamshelana negunya labo kunokukunika ulwazi olufanelekileyo malunga neenkonzo zokuthumela ngenqanawa okanye ezinye iinkxalabo malunga nokuhanjiswa. 6. I-Asmara Brewery Ltd (+291 7 1190613 / www.asmarabrewery.com): I-Asmara Brewery ivelisa iziselo ezinxilisayo ezithandwayo ngaphakathi elizweni kwaye inokufikelelwa ngemibuzo malunga neemveliso zabo okanye amajelo osasazo. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ukufumaneka kunye nokuchaneka kolwazi kunokwahluka, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlolisise i-websites okanye uqhagamshelane nabo ngokuthe ngqo ngolwazi oluhlaziyiweyo.

Amaqonga amakhulu orhwebo

Kukho amaqonga ambalwa amakhulu e-e-commerce e-Eritrea: 1. UShoptse: UShoptse lelinye lamaqonga aphambili e-e-commerce e-Eritrea. Inika uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso, kubandakanya i-elektroniki, impahla, izinto zendlu, kunye nokunye. Iwebhusayithi kaShoptse ithi www.shoptse.er. 2. UZaky: UZaky lelinye iqonga le-e-commerce elidumileyo e-Eritrea. Ibonelela ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezinto zefashoni, izincedisi, iimveliso zobuhle, kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya. Ungandwendwela iwebhusayithi yabo ku-www.zaky.er. 3. I-MekoradOnline: I-MekoradOnline yindawo yokuthengisa ekwi-intanethi enikezela ngengqokelela yezinto ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwizinto zombane ukuya kwifenitshala ukuya kwigrosari nokunye. Ungafumana iwebhusayithi yabo ku-www.mekoradonline.er. 4. I-Asmara Online Shop: I-Asmara Online Shop liqonga le-e-commerce elibonelela ikakhulu abahlali besixeko sase-Asmara e-Eritrea kodwa ikwabonelela abathengi kwilizwe lonke. Banikezela ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo ezifana nempahla, izixhobo, iincwadi, kunye nezinto zokuhombisa ekhaya. Iwebhusayithi yabo iyafumaneka ku-www.asmaraonlineshop.er. 5. Iziko lokuthenga iQemer: Iziko lokuthenga iQemer yivenkile ekwi-intanethi ebonelela ngokhetho olukhulu lwezinto ezithengwa ngabathengi ezifana ne-electronics, kitchenware, impahla, iithoyi, nokunye e-Eritrea. Jonga iminikelo yabo kwiwebhusayithi yabo ethi www.qemershoppingcenter.er. La ngamanye amaqonga e-e-commerce abalaseleyo asebenza e-Eritrea apho unokufumana khona iimpahla ezahlukeneyo ngokulula ngamava okuthenga kwi-Intanethi.

Amaqonga amakhulu eendaba zoluntu

E-Eritrea, ilizwe eliseMpuma Afrika, kukho ukufikelela okulinganiselweyo kumaqonga eendaba ezentlalo ngenxa yezithintelo zikarhulumente kusetyenziso lwe-intanethi. Urhulumente ulawula ngokungqongqo imisebenzi ye-intanethi kwaye ubeke imimiselo engqongqo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwamajelo asekuhlaleni. Ngenxa yoko, kukho iiwebhusayithi ezimbalwa ezisemthethweni zemidiya yoluntu ezikhoyo kweli lizwe: 1. U-Shaebia: Lisango leendaba likarhulumente wase-Eritrea elisebenza njengeqonga lokwabelana ngeendaba ezisemthethweni kunye nolwazi. iwebhusayithi: www.shaebia.org 2. IHaddas Eritra: Iphephandaba lemihla ngemihla eliqhutywa ngurhulumente elibonelela ngohlaziyo ngeendaba zesizwe nezamazwe ngamazwe, ezopolitiko, ezemidlalo, inkcubeko, nokunye.Kunokubakho ubukho obusebenzayo bukaHaddas Eritra kumaqonga ahlukeneyo afana noFacebook okanye uTwitter. 3. Shabait.com: Enye iwebhusayithi elawulwa ngurhulumente epapasha iindaba ezinxulumene nezopolitiko, uqoqosho, uluntu, inkcubeko kunye nokuzonwabisa ngeelwimi ezininzi kuquka isiNgesi nesiTigrinya. 4. I-Madote.com: Eli qonga le-intanethi lizimeleyo libonelela ngamanqaku ahlukeneyo agubungela izihloko ezifana nemicimbi yangoku, imibuzo yolwazi jikelele kunye neempendulo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe njl., imiba yamalungelo oluntu njl. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezi webhusayithi zisemthethweni ayingowamaqonga eendaba ezentlalo apho abasebenzisi banokusebenzisana ngokukhululekileyo kodwa kunoko babonelele ngokufikelela okulawulwayo kulwazi oluthile oluvunywe ngurhulumente. Ngaphaya koko, ngenxa yokufikelela okulinganiselweyo kwi-intanethi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo engqongqo yolawulo ngaphakathi e-Eritrea; iiwebhusayithi zonxibelelwano lwehlabathi ezidumileyo ezifana noFacebook*, Instagram*, Twitter* okanye YouTube* zisenokungafikeleleki lula kubantu abahlala kweli lizwe. (*Qaphela: Le mizekelo idumileyo yehlabathi ikhankanyiwe ngokusekwe kudumo lwayo kwihlabathi liphela kodwa jonga kabini ukuba iyafikeleleka na ngaphakathi kwe-Eritrea.) Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba olu lwazi lusenokungathabathi ngokupheleleyo uphuhliso lwamva nje okanye nawaphi na amaqonga amatsha angeniswe e-Eritrea kuba imigaqo ye-intanethi inokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukufumana ulwazi oluhlaziyiweyo malunga nokufumaneka kwemithombo yeendaba zentlalo kwilizwe ngokwalo okanye nawaphi na amaqonga anokuthi abe ngakwi-Eritrea, kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane nemithombo yasekuhlaleni okanye abantu abaqheleneyo nemeko yangoku.

Imibutho emikhulu yoshishino

I-Eritrea, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeLizwe lase-Eritrea, lilizwe elikuMbonda weAfrika. Nangona isisizwe esincinci ngokwentelekiso, inemibutho eliqela eqaphelekayo yoshishino kunye nemibutho enegalelo kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Nantsi eminye yemibutho ephambili yoshishino e-Eritrea: 1. I-Eritrea Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ECCI) - I-ECCI idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni urhwebo kunye norhwebo ngaphakathi kwe-Eritrea. Inceda amashishini ngokubonelela ngamathuba othungelwano, iinkonzo zenkxaso yoshishino, kunye nokuququzelela intsebenziswano nabalingane bamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yile: http://www.eritreachamber.org/ 2. I-Eritrean National Mining Corporation (ENAMCO) - Njengoko imigodi ingomnye wamacandelo abalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwase-Eritrea, i-ENAMCO imele umdla weenkampani zemigodi ezisebenza kwi-tin, ubhedu, i-zinc, igolide, isilivere kunye nezinye izimbiwa. Basebenzela ukutsala utyalo-mali kunye nokuqinisekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kweli shishini. 3. Agricultural Products Processing Association (APPA) - Ngenxa yoqoqosho lwayo lwezolimo ubukhulu becala, i-APPA ijolise ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko lokutya ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezingcono zezolimo kunye neendlela eziphuculweyo zokulungiswa kwezityalo ezifana namazimba, imazimba, ingqolowa, umbona, ibhali njl.njl. 4. Umbutho weeNkonzo zoKhenketho (TSA)- Ukukhuthaza ukhenketho kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni koqoqosho lwase-Eritrea; I-TSA ixhasa abakhenkethi ngokuseka imigangatho esemgangathweni ebonelela abatyeleli ngolwazi lokwenyani ngelixa igcina iindawo zelifa lenkcubeko ezifana nezakhiwo ezizodwa zase-Asmara okanye izakhiwo zembali zaseMassawa. 5. Umbutho weeKontraka zoLwakhiwo-Usekwe ukuba wongamele imisebenzi yolwakhiwo kumacandelo ngamacandelo ukusuka kwiiprojekthi zezindlu ukuya kuphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo. I-6.EITC(i-Eritrean Information & Communication Technology)- Ugxininiso kumashishini asekelwe kubuchwepheshe bolwazi afana nophuhliso lwesoftware kunye neenkonzo ze-ICT ngelixa likwaqinisekisa ukubandakanywa kwedijithali kwilizwe lonke. Nceda uqaphele ukuba le mibutho yimizekelo esekelwe kulwazi olukhoyo ngexesha lokubhala; kunokubakho eminye imibutho yoshishino olukhethekileyo e-Eritrea ebonelela amacandelo athile. Ukongeza, ezinye iiwebhusayithi zinokungafumaneki okanye zitshintshile kwixesha elizayo, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhangele olona lwazi luhlaziyiweyo usebenzisa iinjini zokukhangela.

Iiwebhusayithi zeshishini kunye norhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zezoqoqosho kunye nezorhwebo ezinxulumene ne-Eritrea. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo: 1. UMphathiswa Wenkcazelo: Le webhsayithi inika inkcazelo ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo oqoqosho lwase-Eritrea, njengezolimo, imigodi, ukhenketho kunye namathuba otyalo-mali. Ikwabonisa uhlaziyo lweendaba kunye nopapasho olusemthethweni. umthombo: http://www.shabait.com/ 2. IZiko lokuKhuthaza uTyalo-mali lase-Eritrea (i-EIPC): Njenge-arhente yesizwe enoxanduva lokukhuthaza utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle e-Eritrea, i-website ye-EIPC inikezela ngolwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nemozulu yotyalo-mali, imigaqo-nkqubo, inkuthazo, kunye namathuba eprojekthi. umthombo: http://www.eipce.org/ 3. I-Ofisi yeNkcazo yeSizwe (i-NSO): Iwebhusayithi ye-NSO isebenza njengomthombo oxabisekileyo wedatha yezoqoqosho kunye neenkcukacha-manani ezibhekiselele kumacandelo awohlukeneyo afana nezolimo, ishishini, ibhalansi yorhwebo, izinga lengqesho, izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso, kunye neengxelo zobalo lwabantu. umthombo: https://eritreadata.org.er/ 4. I-Chamber of Commerce & Industry in Eritrea (CCIE): Eli qonga libonelela ngokufikelela kuluhlu lwemigaqo yoshishino lwamashishini asekuhlaleni kunye nolwazi malunga neenzuzo zobulungu ezibonelelwa yiCCIE. Ikwabonelela ngamathuba onxibelelwano koosomashishini. umthombo: http://cciepro.adsite.com.er/ 5. UGunyaziwe woLawulo lweZibuko (i-PAA): Iwebhusayithi ye-PAA sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kubarhwebi nabatyali-mali abanomdla ekuphononongeni iindlela zothutho lwaselwandle e-Eritrea. Ulwazi malunga nezibonelelo zeziseko zezibuko ezifana ne-Massawa Port zinokufikelelwa apha. Iwebhusayithi: https://asc-er.com.er/port-authorities.php Khumbula ukuba ngelixa ezi webhusayithi zibonelela ngolwazi oluluncedo malunga nemeko yezoqoqosho e-Eritrea; Ukuqhagamshelana neziphathamandla zikarhulumente ezifanelekileyo okanye ii-arhente ngokuthe ngqo zinokunikela iinkcukacha ezihlaziyiweyo ngazo naziphi na iimfuno ezithile okanye imimiselo enxulumene norhwebo notyalo-mali. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ngenxa yendalo eguquguqukayo yemithombo ye-intanethi edweliswe ngasentla; kucetyiswa ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukufumaneka kwazo ngoku phambi kokusetyenziswa

Iiwebhusayithi zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi apho unokufumana khona idatha yorhwebo ye-Eritrea. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo: 1. I-United Nations Comtrade: Eli liziko ledatha elibanzi lorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe eligcinwe liCandelo leeNkcazo zeZizwe eziManyeneyo. Unokukhangela idatha yorhwebo yase-Eritrea ngokukhetha ilizwe kunye neminyaka oyifunayo yedatha. Iwebhusayithi yile: https://comtrade.un.org/ 2. Iinkcukacha zeBhanki yeHlabathi: IBhanki yeHlabathi ibonelela ngokufikelela kwiimpawu zoqoqosho ezahlukeneyo eziquka idatha yorhwebo kwilizwe ngalinye. Ungandwendwela iwebhusayithi yabo kwaye ukhangele ulwazi lwezorhwebo lwase-Eritrea usebenzisa idatabase yabo. Iwebhusayithi ithi: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/trade-statistics 3. IZiko loRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (ITC): I-ITC, i-arhente edibeneyo yoMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi kunye neZizwe eziManyeneyo, ibonelela ngeenkcukacha-manani ezibanzi zorhwebo kubandakanywa nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokungenisa kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi jikelele, kuqukwa ne-Eritrea. Iwebhusayithi yabo yile: https://www.intracen.org/ 4. UQoqosho loRhwebo: UQoqosho loRhwebo lubonelela ngezalathi zoqoqosho kunye neenkcukacha zembali yorhwebo kumazwe ehlabathi jikelele, kubandakanywa ne-Eritrea. Unokufikelela kwisiseko sedatha yabo: https://tradingeconomics.com/ Nceda uqaphele ukuba ukufumaneka kunye nokuchaneka kwedatha yorhwebo kunokwahluka kuwo onke la maqonga njengoko kuxhomekeke kwimithombo esemthethweni enika ingxelo kule mibutho okanye oorhulumente abapapasha ulwazi olunjalo ngokuthe ngqo kwiiwebhusayithi zabo zelizwe.

amaqonga B2b

I-Eritrea, ekuMbonda weAfrika, lilizwe elincinane elinabemi abamalunga ne-3.5 yezigidi. Nangona ijongene nemingeni emininzi, kubandakanya ukufikelela kwi-intanethi okulinganiselweyo kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho, kusekho amaqonga e-B2B akhoyo kumashishini ase-Eritrea. 1. IMarike yaseAfrika (www.africanmarket.com.er): Eli qonga lijolise ekukhuthazeni urhwebo ngaphakathi eAfrika ngokudibanisa amashishini kumacandelo awohlukeneyo. Amashishini ase-Eritrea angadwelisa iimveliso okanye iinkonzo zabo kweli qonga kwaye adibanise nabathengi abanakho kunye namaqabane kwamanye amazwe aseAfrika. 2. I-Ethiopia-European Business Association (www.eeba.org.er): Nangona lo mbutho ugxile kakhulu ekukhuthazeni urhwebo phakathi kwe-Ethiopia neYurophu, ikwabonelela ngamathuba kumashishini ase-Eritrea ukubonisa iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zabo kubaphulaphuli bamazwe ngamazwe ngokubanzi. 3. I-GlobalTrade.net: Eli qonga le-intanethi lisebenza njengendawo yokuthengisa ye-B2B yamazwe ngamazwe kumashishini ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Amashishini ase-Eritrea anokubhalisa kweli qonga, enze iiprofayili kunye noluhlu lweemveliso ukutsala abathengi abanokubakho abavela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. 4. I-Tradeford.com: I-TradeFord yenye indawo yentengiso ye-B2B yehlabathi evumela iinkampani ezisuka kwihlabathi jikelele ukuba ziqhagamshelane, zorhwebo iimveliso kunye neenkonzo, kunye nokufumana ababoneleli okanye abavelisi kumashishini athile. Amashishini ase-Eritrea anokusebenzisa eli qonga ukwandisa ukufikelela kwabo ngaphaya kwemida yelizwe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngenxa yothintelo olufana nemiba yoqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi kunye nemiqobo yezoqoqosho ejongene namashishini amaninzi e-Eritrea, ukufumaneka kwamaqonga e-B2B azinikeleyo kunokulinganiselwa xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe anoqoqosho oluphuhlileyo. Nangona kunjalo, la maqonga abonelela ngamathuba kumashishini asekhaya ukuba aphonononge ubuhlakani boshishino lwamazwe ngamazwe ngaphandle kwale mingeni.
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