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Ilizwe jikelele
I-Iraq, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yase-Iraq, lilizwe elikwiNtshona ye-Asiya. Yabelana ngemida yayo namazwe aliqela aquka iTurkey ukuya emantla, i-Iran ngasempuma, iKuwait neSaudi Arabia emazantsi, iJordan ukuya emazantsi-ntshona, kunye neSyria ngasentshona. Ngokuqikelelwa kwabemi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-40, i-Iraq sisizwe esihlukeneyo esinelifa lenkcubeko etyebileyo. Ikomkhulu lase-Iraq yiBaghdad, esebenza njengeziko lezopolitiko nezoqoqosho zelizwe. IsiArabhu samkelwa njengolwimi olusemthethweni lwase-Iraq ngelixa isiKurdish sikwabambe isikhundla esisemthethweni kwiNgingqi yaseKurdistan. Uninzi lwabemi baseIraq benza iSilamsi kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni inkcubeko kunye nendlela yabo yokuphila. I-Iraq ibikade ithathwa njengeMesopotamiya okanye 'umhlaba ophakathi kwemilambo emibini' ngenxa yendawo ekuyo phakathi kwemilambo iTigris neEuphrates. Yomibini le milambo idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni icandelo lezolimo lase-Iraq ngokubonelela ngomhlaba ochumileyo weendlela zokulima ngokwemveli. Imveliso ye-oyile iyinxalenye enkulu yoqoqosho lwase-Iraq kunye noovimba abaninzi nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona zinto ziphezulu ngabavelisi be-oyile behlabathi. Ngaphandle kwamashishini anxulumene neoyile afana neendawo zokucokisa okanye izityalo zepetrochemical, amanye amacandelo afana nezolimo (ingqolowa, irhasi), ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yendalo (ekunye noovimba beoli), abakhenkethi abatyelela iindawo zakudala (ezifana neBhabhiloni okanye iHatra) banegalelo kwingeniso yelizwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko okubangelwa yingxabano kumashumi eminyaka kuye kwakhokelela kwimingeni eyahlukeneyo e-Iraq efana nobundlobongela obuvela kumaqela abavukeli kunye neengxabano zamahlelo phakathi kwamaSunni namaShiites. Le miba ithintele iinzame zophuhliso loqoqosho ngelixa ichaphazela ubumbano loluntu phakathi kwezizwe ezahlukeneyo ezihlala kwimida yaseIraq. Iinzame ziyenziwa ngamaqumrhu karhulumente kazwelonke ngenkxaso evela kwimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe ukwakha ngokutsha iziseko ezitshatyalaliswe ngexesha leemfazwe kunye nokukhuthaza amalinge okudala uxolo kuzinzo lwexesha elide. Ukuqukumbela, i-Iraq lilizwe elinohlanga olwahlukeneyo olutyebileyo kwimbali ekwiNtshona ye-Asiya. Nangona ijamelene nocelomngeni olubangelwe lungquzulwano lwangaphambili, isaqhubeka izabalazela uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho, ukulondolozwa kwenkcubeko nomanyano lwesizwe.
Imali yeSizwe
Imeko yemali yase-Iraq ibonakaliswe kusetyenziso oluxhaphakileyo lwe-Iraqi dinar (IQD). I-Iraqi dinar yimali esemthethweni yaseIraq, eyaziswa ngowe-1932 ukuze ithabathel’ indawo irupee yaseIndiya xa iIraq yafumana inkululeko. Isimboli sedinar ngu "د.ع" okanye ngokulula "IQD." Ibhanki ephakathi yase-Iraq, eyaziwa ngokuba yiBhanki Enkulu yase-Iraq (CBI), idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni nasekulawuleni imali yelizwe. I-CBI imiba kwaye ilawula ixabiso le-dinars yase-Iraq, iqinisekisa uzinzo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yayo yezemali. Ukusukela ekuqalisweni kwayo, nangona kunjalo, i-Iraqi dinar iye yafumana ukuguquguquka okubalulekileyo kwexabiso ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho nezopolitiko ezichaphazela i-Iraq. Ngokwembali, ngamaxesha ongquzulwano okanye ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko, kuye kwakho ukuhla kwexabiso okukhulu okukhokelela kwi-hyperinflation. Okwangoku, malunga ne-1 USD ilingana ne-1,450 IQD. Eli zinga lonaniselwano liye lahlala lizinzile kwiminyaka yakutshanje kunye nokuguquguquka okungephi phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Ukuququzelela ukuthengiselana ngemali kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho kwimarike yasekhaya yase-Iraq, iimvaba ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa amanqaku: 50 IQD, 250 IQD, 500 IQD, 1000 IQD, njalo njalo ukuya kuthi ga kwiimvaba eziphezulu kubandakanywa imali engamaphepha esanda kwaziswa exabisa i-50k (ama-50 amawaka) IQD. Iintengiselwano zorhwebo zangaphandle ubukhulu becala zixhomekeke kwiidola zaseMelika okanye ezinye iimali ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe ukususela ekubeni ukungaqiniseki malunga nokhuseleko kunye nozinzo kuyaqhubeka nokuchaphazela ukuzithemba komtyali-mali ekusebenziseni imali yasekhaya kwiintengiselwano ezinkulu. Ukuqukumbela, ngelixa i-Iraq isebenzisa imali yayo yelizwe-i-Iraqi dinar-kutshintshiselwano lwemihla ngemihla lwasekhaya phantsi kwamazinga otshintshiselwano oluzinzileyo ngoku oluxhomekeke kwiimali ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-USD; Ukuxhomekeka kwiimali zamazwe angaphandle kulawula ushishino olukhulu ngenxa yeenkxalabo ezijikeleze ukungazinzi kwezoqoqosho kunye nokungazinzi kwezopolitiko.
Imali yokutshintsha
Imali esemthethweni yase-Iraq yi-Iraqi Dinar (IQD). Ngokubhekiselele kumaxabiso aqikelelwayo otshintshiselwano ngeemali ezinkulu zehlabathi, nanga amanani abonisayo ukusukela ngo-Agasti ka-2021: I-1 USD ≈ 1,460 IQD 1 EUR ≈ 1,730 IQD I-1 GBP ≈ 2,010 IQD I-JPY e-1 ≈ 13.5 IQD I-1 CNY ≈ 225.5 IQD Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezi xabiso zotshintshiselwano zinokwahluka kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhangele kumthombo othembekileyo okanye iziko lezemali ukuze ufumane awona maxabiso ahlaziywayo.
Iiholide ezibalulekileyo
I-Iraq lilizwe elahlukileyo nelityebileyo ngokwenkcubeko elibhiyozela iiholide ezininzi ezibalulekileyo unyaka wonke. Omnye weminyhadala ebaluleke kakhulu eIraq yi-Eid al-Fitr, ephawula ukuphela kweRamadan, inyanga engcwele yokuzila ukutya kumaSilamsi. Lo mbhiyozo ubhiyozelwa ngovuyo olukhulu nangomdla omkhulu. Iintsapho nabahlobo bayahlanganisana ukuze bathandaze kwii-mosque, banikana izipho, kwaye banandiphe izidlo ezimnandi. Enye iholide ebalulekileyo e-Iraq yi-Ashura, ebonwa ngamaSilamsi angamaShia ukukhumbula ukubulawa kuka-Imam Hussein, umzukulwana womprofeti uMuhammad. Sisiganeko esibuhlungu esizaliswe yimingcelele, iintetho malunga nedini likaHussein lobulungisa nenyaniso, kunye nezithethe zokuziphakamisa. I-Iraq iphinda ibhiyozele uSuku lwayo lweSizwe ngomhla we-14 kaJulayi - isikhumbuzo soSuku lweNguquko xa ubukhosi bachithwa ngo-1958. Ngolu suku, abantu bazibandakanya kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokuthanda ilizwe kuquka i-parades, imiboniso yomlilo, iziganeko zenkcubeko ezibonisa ilifa lelifa lase-Iraq. Ukongeza, amaKristu aseIraq abhiyozela iKrisimesi ngoDisemba 25 ngokwezithethe zawo zaseNtshona. Uluntu lwamaKristu ludibana kwiinkonzo zemisa ezinzulwini zobusuku kwiicawe kwilizwe lonke. AmaKristu aseIraq atshintshiselana ngezipho kwesi sihlandlo somsitho wokuzonwabisa aze anandiphe isidlo esikhethekileyo kunye nabo babathandayo. Ngaphaya koko, uSuku loNyaka oMtsha (ngomhla woku-1 kuJanuwari) lunentsingiselo kuzo zonke izizwe kunye neenkolo njengoko abantu belubhiyozela ngemiboniso yomlilo, amatheko okanye iindibano kunye nosapho kunye nabahlobo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le mibhiyozo iye yatshintshwa ngenxa yesiphithiphithi sezopolitiko okanye imiba yokhuseleko ejongene ne-Iraq kwiminyaka yakutshanje kodwa isabambe ukubaluleka okukhulu kubahlali bayo abamkela iyantlukwano yenkcubeko ngaphandle kwemingeni ejongene nesizwe sabo.
Imeko yoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle
I-Iraq, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yase-Iraq, lilizwe elimi kwiNtshona ye-Asiya. Inoqoqosho oluxubeneyo kunye noshishino lwe-oyile njengomqhubi walo omkhulu wokukhula koqoqosho kunye nengeniso yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle. Icandelo lezorhwebo lase-Iraq lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwayo. Ilizwe lithumela iimveliso ze-oyile kunye nepetroleum kumazwe angaphandle, nto leyo ebangela inxalenye enkulu yeemveliso zalo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. I-Iraq inelinye lawona vimba mkhulu we-oyile oqinisekisiweyo kwihlabathi kwaye lelinye labakhiqizi behlabathi abaphezulu. Ukongeza kwi-oyile, i-Iraq iphinda ithumele ezinye iimpahla ezinje ngeemveliso zekhemikhali, izichumisi, iiminerali (kubandakanya ubhedu kunye nesamente), iimpahla ezilukiweyo kunye nemihla. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweoli kuncinci xa kuthelekiswa noogxa babo bepetroleum. I-Iraq ixhomekeke kakhulu ekungenisweni ngaphandle kwempahla yabathengi, oomatshini, izithuthi, izixhobo zombane, ukutya (okufana nengqolowa), kunye nezinto zokwakha. Amaqabane aphambili angenisa izinto kumazwe angaphandle abandakanya iTurkey, iChina, iIran, iSouth Korea, iUAE, kunye neSaudi Arabia phakathi kwabanye. Urhulumente uthathe amanyathelo okuguqula uqoqosho lwase-Iraq ngokukhuthaza amacandelo afana nezolimo kunye nokhenketho ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwingeniso yeoli. Bakwakhuthaze utyalo-mali lwamazwe angaphandle ngokukhutheleyo ngokunika inkuthazo efana nekhefu lerhafu kunye nokuseka imimandla yezoqoqosho ekhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukungazinzi kutsha nje okubangelwe lungquzulwano kweli lizwe kube neziphumo ezibi kwimisebenzi yorhwebo. I-Iraq ijongene nemingeni enxulumene nophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo, ungquzulwano lwemikhosi, iintlekele zendalo, nokungazinzi kwezopolitiko okuthintela imveliso yasekhaya kunye nentengiselwano yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Imiba enxulumene nokhuseleko ihlala iphazamisa amatyathanga obonelelo, okukhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu zolungiselelo lwabarhwebi base-Iraq. Ukuqukumbela, i-Iraq ixhomekeke kakhulu kushishino lwepetroleum kwingeniso yempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kodwa izabalazela ukwahlula-hlula uqoqosho lwayo. Imiba efana nozinzo lwezopolitiko, imozulu yotyalo-mali, kunye neenzame eziqhubekayo zokwakhiwa ngokutsha kweziseko ezingundoqo ziya kubaluleka ekuqinisekiseni ukukhula okuzinzileyo kwimisebenzi yorhwebo yase-Iraq.
Uphuhliso lweMakethi olunokubakho
I-Iraq, ekuMbindi Mpuma, ibambe amandla abalulekileyo ophuhliso lwemarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Ngaphandle kokujongana nemingeni efana nokungazinzi kwezopolitiko kunye neengxabano zengingqi, i-Iraq inezinto ezininzi ezifanelekileyo eziyenza ibe yindawo enomtsalane kumashishini aphesheya. Okokuqala, i-Iraq inezixhobo ezininzi zendalo ezinje ngoovimba kunye negesi. Ilizwe linomnye wemithombo ye-oyile enkulu kwihlabathi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba libe ngumdlali wehlabathi jikelele kwicandelo lezamandla. Oku kuveza amathuba kwiinkampani zangaphandle ukuba zibandakanyeke kwintsebenziswano neefemu zalapha ekhaya okanye zityale imali ngokuthe ngqo kushishino lweoyile. Okwesibini, i-Iraq inemarike enkulu yabathengi enabemi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-39. Ngaphezu koko, kukho abantu abakumgangatho ophakathi abakhulayo abafuna iimpahla neenkonzo ezivela kumazwe angaphandle. Le mfuno ikhulayo ibonelela ngokuvulwa kweenkampani zangaphandle kumacandelo ahlukeneyo afana neempahla zabathengi, izinto zombane, iimveliso zemoto, kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo. Okwesithathu, iinzame zokwakhiwa ngokutsha emva kwemfazwe zidala iimfuno ezibalulekileyo zophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo. Ilizwe lifuna utyalo-mali olumandla kumacandelo afana nothungelwano lwezothutho (iindlela noololiwe), iinkqubo zonxibelelwano (iintambo zefiber-optic), oomatshini bombane (ukuveliswa kombane), kunye neeprojekthi zezindlu. Iinkampani zangaphandle ezigxile kwizixhobo zokwakha okanye uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo zinokungena kula mathuba. Ngaphaya koko, indawo enobuchule bejografi yase-Iraq isebenza njengenzuzo kuthungelwano lwezorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yokuba kufuphi kwamanye amazwe aseGulf kunye neendlela eziphambili zokuhamba ezidibanisa i-Asiya/iYurophu neAfrika. Ilizwe linokufikelela kwimizila emibini emikhulu yamanzi - iPersian Gulf kunye neShatt al-Arab - evumela ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngokufanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa amazibuko. Nangona la mathemba athembisayo anokuba; Kubalulekile ukuthathela ingqalelo imingeni ethile xa ungena kwiimarike zase-Iraqi njengeenkqubo zolawulo oluthintela ukolula ukwenza ishishini okanye imiba enxulumene norhwaphilizo echaphazela ukungafihli. Ukongeza; iinkxalabo zokhuseleko zisaxhaphakile kweminye imimandla nangona kukho uphuculo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ukwenza inkunzi kurhwebo olunokubakho lwase-Iraq ngempumelelo; Amaqela anomdla kufuneka aqhube uphando lwemarike ngokucokisekileyo kwicandelo lawo lomdla ngelixa esakha ubudlelwane obuluqilima namaqabane asekuhlaleni okanye abalamli abaqondayo iinkqubo zoshishino ngaphakathi kwingingqi.
Iimveliso ezishushu ezithengiswayo kwimarike
Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni iimveliso ezithengiswayo ezishushu kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle e-Iraq, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimfuno zangoku zelizwe, izinto ezikhethwayo, kunye namathuba ezoqoqosho. Nazi izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni: 1. Uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo: Ngeeprojekthi zeziseko ezingundoqo eziqhubekayo e-Iraq, kukho imfuneko ekhulayo yezinto zokwakha ezifana nesamente, intsimbi, noomatshini bokwakha. 2. Icandelo lezaMandla: Ngenxa yewonga le-Iraq njengomnye wabavelisi be-oyile bakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele, kukho amathuba okuthumela iimveliso eziyamene necandelo lezamandla kumazwe angaphandle. Oku kubandakanya izixhobo zokutsalwa kweoli kunye neenkqubo zokusulungekiswa. 3. EzoLimo: Icandelo lezolimo e-Iraq linesakhono esibonakalayo. Iimveliso ezifana nezichumisi, iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela, oomatshini bokulima, kunye neekhemikhali zezolimo zinokufumana imarike elungileyo apha. 4. Impahla yabathengi: Ngokunyuka komgangatho ophakathi kunye namanqanaba engeniso alahlwayo kwimimandla ethile yase-Iraq kuza imfuno yezinto zabathengi ezifana ne-electronics (kuquka ii-smartphones), iimpahla zempahla, izinto zokuthambisa kunye neemveliso zobuhle. 5. Ishishini lokutya: Kukho ithuba lokuthumela ngaphandle iimveliso zokutya ezifana nerayisi, umgubo wengqolowa okanye ezinye iinkozo ngenxa yokunciphisa imveliso yasekhaya okanye ukhetho lomgangatho. 6. Izixhobo zokhathalelo lwempilo: Iziseko zokhathalelo lwempilo e-Iraq zifuna uphuculo oludala amathuba okuthumela izixhobo zonyango kunye nezixhobo kubandakanywa izixhobo zokuxilonga okanye izixhobo zotyando. 7. Iinkonzo zemfundo: Iinkonzo zenkxaso yezemfundo ezifana namaqonga okufunda ngedijithali okanye imathiriyeli yemfundo eyodwa zinokubonelela kwimarike yemfundo ekhulayo kweli lizwe. 8. Izisombululo zamandla ahlaziyekayo: Ngokunyuka kolwazi ngokubhekiselele kwimithombo yamandla ezinzileyo kwihlabathi jikelele kunye namanyathelo athile karhulumente ngokubhekiselele kulwakhiwo lweSolar Energy Plant olunokuthi luvelise imfuno kwiipaneli zelanga zokongeza izinto (iibhetri) kunye nofakelo lokucebisa. Ukuze wenze izigqibo ezizizo ngelixa ukhetha iimveliso ezifanelekileyo kule marike: a) Phanda ngokucokisekileyo malunga nokhuphiswano lwakho. b) Hlalutya imimiselo yokungenisa/yokurhweba ngaphandle ebekwe ngamazwe omabini. c) Ukuqonda izithethe/ukhetho lwenkcubeko yasekuhlaleni xa uyila iindlela zokuthengisa. d) Ukuseka unxibelelwano oluthembekileyo/ubudlelwane kunye nabasasazi/iiarhente zasekhaya eziqondayo iintshukumo zeli candelo lentengiso Ngokuvavanya le miba kunye nokuqhuba uphando lwemarike olwenzelwe imeko yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwase-Iraq, umntu unokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi olungcono ngelixa ekhetha iimveliso aza kuzithumela kule marike.
Iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboo
I-Iraq, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yase-Iraq, lilizwe elikwiNtshona ye-Asiya. Likhaya kumaqela eentlanga neenkolo ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo enempembelelo kakhulu kwiimpawu zabathengi bayo kunye nokungafunwa kwawo. Abathengi baseIraq baziwa ngokubanzi ngobubele babo kunye nesisa. Banebhongo elikhulu ngokwamkela iindwendwe emakhayeni abo nakumashishini. Ukunika iti okanye ikofu njengophawu lwentlonipho yinto eqhelekileyo xa udibana nomntu okokuqala. Abantu baseIraq bayayixabisa inkonzo yomntu ngamnye kunye nokuqwalaselwa neenkcukacha. Ngokwemigaqo yokuziphatha kwezoshishino, kubalulekile ukuqonda uvakalelo lwenkcubeko olukhoyo e-Iraq. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kukuhlonipha amasiko nezithethe zamaSilamsi ngelixa uqhuba ushishino. Umzekelo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela amaxesha omthandazo njengoko iintlanganiso okanye uthethathethwano lunokufuneka lucwangciswe ngokufanelekileyo. Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa usebenzisana nabathengi baseIraq kukuthozama kwindlela yokunxiba ngakumbi kubafazi. Isinxibo esindilisekileyo esigquma iingalo nemilenze siya kufaneleka xa utyelela iindawo eziqhelekileyo. Kukwabalulekile ukuba uthethe ngononophelo kwaye uphephe imixholo efana nezopolitiko, inkolo okanye iziganeko zembali ezinobuzaza ngaphandle kokuba umenywe ngugxa wakho wase-Iraq. Iingxoxo ezinjalo zinokukhokelela kwiingxoxo ezishushu okanye zikhubekise iinkolelo zabathengi bakho. Okokugqibela, ukuqonda imida yendawo yobuqu kubalulekile xa usebenzisana nabathengi baseIraq. Ngelixa ukubambana ngezandla kuqhelekile phakathi kwabantu besini esifanayo, kuyimbeko ukungaqalisi ukudibana ngokwasemzimbeni nomntu wesini esahlukileyo ngaphandle kokuba esolulele isandla sakhe kuqala. Ngokuqaphela ezi mpawu zabathengi kunye nokuthobela izithethe zenkcubeko ezifana nokuhlonela amasiko amaSilamsi, ukunxiba ngokundilisekileyo, ukuphepha izihloko ezinobuzaza, kunye nokukhumbula imida yendawo yobuqu ngexesha lokusebenzisana noogxa baseIraq kuya kuba negalelo elihle ekwakheni ubudlelwane obunempumelelo beshishini eIraq.
Inkqubo yolawulo lweCustoms
Inkqubo yolawulo lwempahla yase-Iraq idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ukuhamba kweempahla nabantu ukuwela imida yayo. Ugunyaziwe welizwe ojongene nempahla engena kweli lizwe unoxanduva lokunyanzelisa iinkqubo zokungenisa elizweni nokuthumela ngaphandle, ukuqokelela imirhumo yerhafu kunye nokukhusela iimfuno zezoqoqosho zesizwe. Okokuqala, xa ungena okanye uphuma e-Iraq, abantu bayacelwa ukuba baveze amaxwebhu okuhamba asemthethweni afana neencwadana zokundwendwela okanye amakhadi ezazisi. La maxwebhu aya kujongwa ngokucokisekileyo ukuqinisekisa ubunyani kunye nokusemthethweni kwawo. Ngokumalunga neempahla ezingeniswa eIraq, uhlolo oluneenkcukacha lwenziwa emdeni. Amagosa eCustoms ahlola izinto ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho kunye nemimiselo efanelekileyo. Izinto ezithile ezithintelweyo okanye ezithintelweyo njengezixhobo, iziyobisi, iimveliso zomgunyathi, okanye izinto zakudala zenkcubeko akufuneki ziziswe kumhlaba waseIraq ngaphandle kwesigunyaziso esifanelekileyo. Ngokubhekiselele kwirhafu, iintlawulo zerhafu ziqokelelwa ngokusekelwe kwixabiso lempahla evela kumazwe angaphandle ngokwemilinganiselo esebenzayo ebekwe ngumthetho wase-Iraqi. Abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle kufuneka bachaze ngokuchanekileyo ixabiso lempahla yabo kwaye babonelele ngamaxwebhu axhasayo ukuba bacelwe ngabasemagunyeni kwimpahla ephumayo. Ukongeza, abahambi kufuneka baqonde ukuba ukuthwala imali eninzi ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwe-Iraq kunokufuna isibhengezo esifanelekileyo kunye nenkcazo ekufikeni / kokuhamba. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela ezi mfuno kunokubangela ukohlwaywa okanye ukuthinjwa kwempahla. Kubalulekile ukuba abatyeleli baziqhelanise nemigaqo ethile yase-Iraq yokungenisa/ukuthumela ngaphandle phambi kokuba baye apho. Ukubonisana nemithombo esemthethweni efana newebhusayithi ye-ambassy ngolwazi oluhlaziyiweyo kwiimfuno ze-visa, uluhlu lwezinto ezithintelweyo / ezithintelweyo ziya kuqinisekisa ukungena kakuhle e-Iraq ngelixa uphepha naziphi na izohlwayo ezingeyomfuneko okanye ukulibaziseka kwiindawo zokuhlola izithethe. Isishwankathelo, i-Iraq igcina ulawulo olungqongqo kwimida yayo ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zolawulo ezisebenzayo eziphunyezwe ligunya layo lezithethe. Abahambi kufuneka babambelele kuzo zonke iinkqubo eziyimfuneko zamaxwebhu xa befika / behamba ngelixa beqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo efanelekileyo yokungenisa / ukuthumela ngaphandle kwamava okungena kakuhle / ukuphuma kwesi sizwe.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu
I-Iraq inomgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yokungeniswa kwempahla engena kweli lizwe. Amaxabiso erhafu yokungenisa elizweni ayahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemveliso ethunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle. Kwizinto ezithile ezibalulekileyo ezinjengokutya, amayeza, kunye nezinto ezisisiseko, i-Iraq ihlala ibeka irhafu ephantsi okanye engekhoyo yokungenisa elizweni ukuqinisekisa ukufikeleleka kunye nokufikeleleka kubemi bayo. Oku kwenzelwa ukuxhasa impilo-ntle yabemi kunye nokugcina amaxabiso azinzileyo kwiimarike. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimpahla zodidi okanye izinto ezingabalulekanga, i-Iraq ibeka irhafu ephezulu yokungenisa elizweni ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunye nokukhusela amashishini asekhaya kukhuphiswano lwangaphandle. Amaxabiso erhafu athe ngqo anokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nodidi lwemveliso, ilizwe lemvelaphi, kunye nezivumelwano zorhwebo phakathi kweIraq nezinye izizwe. Kubalulekile ukuba abarhwebi abavela kumazwe angaphandle badibane neziphathamandla ze-Iraqi Customs okanye bafune isikhokelo kwiingcali eziqeqeshelwe ukumisela ngokuchanekileyo amaxabiso erhafu asebenzayo kwiimveliso ezithile. Ngaphaya koko, kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba i-Iraq inokuba nemisebenzi eyongezelelweyo okanye imirhumo ebekwe kwiimpahla ezithile ngaphandle kweerhafu zokungenisa elizweni. Oku kunokubandakanya imirhumo yerhafu, irhafu-ntengo (value-added tax) (VAT), iintlawulo zokuhlola, kunye nezinye iindleko zolawulo ezinxulumene nokungeniswa kwempahla elizweni. Isishwankathelo, - Izinto eziyimfuneko ngokubanzi zinerhafu ephantsi okanye azinayo. - Iimpahla zodidi oluphezulu zijongene nerhafu ephezulu. - Amazinga erhafu athile axhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. -Imirhumo eyongeziweyo yerhafu inokusebenza ngaphandle kweerhafu zokungenisa elizweni. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlale uhlaziyiwe ngalo naluphi na utshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo yase-Iraq ngokubhekisa kwimithombo esemthethweni karhulumente okanye udibane neengcali kwimimiselo yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Iipolisi zerhafu ezithumela ngaphandle
Umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle e-Iraq ujolise ekukhuthazeni ukukhula koqoqosho, uququzelele urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, nokwenza ingeniso kurhulumente. Ilizwe lithembele kakhulu kwi-oli njengeyona mveliso iphambili yokuthumela ngaphandle; nangona kunjalo, iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezingezizo i-oyile nazo zinegalelo ekuthunyelweni kwe-Iraq. Makhe sihlolisise ngakumbi kumgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle e-Iraq: 1. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-oyile kumazwe angaphandle: - I-Iraq ihlawulisa irhafu yengeniso esisigxina kwiinkampani zeoli ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwemida yayo. - Urhulumente ubeka amaxabiso erhafu ahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kumthamo kunye nodidi lweoli ekhutshiweyo okanye ethunyelwa ngaphandle. - Ezi rhafu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni ngemali iziseko ezingundoqo zoluntu kunye neenkqubo zentlalo-ntle yoluntu. 2. Iimpahla ezingezizo i-oyile: - Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweoli, i-Iraq isebenzisa inkqubo yerhafu eyongeziweyo (i-VAT). - Iimpahla ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle zikhululekile kwi-VAT ukuze kukhuthazwe urhwebo lwangaphandle kunye nokwandisa ukhuphiswano kwiimarike zehlabathi. 3. IiNkuthazo zeRhafu eziZodwa: - Ukukhuthaza amacandelo athile okanye amashishini, urhulumente wase-Iraqi unokubonelela ngenkuthazo yerhafu ekhethekileyo efana neerhafu ezikhethekileyo okanye irhafu encitshisiweyo yokuthumela ngaphandle. - Ezi nkuthazo zijolise ekuvuseleleni utyalo-mali, ukukhulisa amandla emveliso, kunye nokwahlula-hlula uqoqosho ngaphaya kokuxhomekeka ekuthengisweni kwe-oli kumazwe angaphandle. 4. Imisebenzi eqhelekileyo: - I-Iraq ibeka imisebenzi yesiko ekuthengisweni kumazwe angaphandle ukukhusela amashishini asekhaya; nangona kunjalo, le misebenzi ayichaphazeli ngokuthe ngqo irhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle. 5. Izivumelwano zoRhwebo: - Njengelungu lezivumelwano zorhwebo zommandla eziliqela ezifana ne-GAFTA (i-Greater Arab Free Trade Area), i-ICFTA (i-Islamic Common Market), kunye nezivumelwano zamazwe amabini kunye namazwe angabamelwane, i-Iraq izuza kwimirhumo ethotyiweyo okanye enguziro yokuthumela impahla ethile ngaphakathi kwale mimandla. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iinkcukacha ezithile malunga neendidi zerhafu yeemveliso zomntu ngamnye zinokwahluka phantsi kwesi sikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo siphezulu simiselwe ngurhulumente wase-Iraq. Ngoko ke, abathumeli-mpahla ngaphandle kufuneka babonisane nabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo okanye bafune ingcebiso yobuchwephesha xa becinga ngeziphumo zokurhafiswa ezinokubakho kwiimveliso zabo ezithile.
Iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle
I-Iraq lilizwe elikuMbindi Mpuma elineenkqubo ezithile zokuqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle. Urhulumente wase-Iraq ulandela imigaqo engqongqo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lweemveliso ezishiya ilizwe. Ukuqala, iinkampani ezinqwenela ukuthumela ngaphandle iimpahla ezivela e-Iraq kufuneka zifumane ilayisensi yokungenisa elizweni kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle kuMphathiswa wezoRhwebo. Eli phepha-mvume liqinisekisa ukuba inkampani ivumelekile ngokusemthethweni ukuba ibandakanyeke kwimisebenzi yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Inkqubo yesicelo ibandakanya ukungenisa amaxwebhu afanelekileyo, afana nesatifikethi sokubhaliswa kwenkampani, inombolo yesazisi serhafu, kunye nobungqina bokuba ungumnini okanye uqeshiso lwezakhiwo. Ukongeza, abathumeli bangaphandle kufuneka bathobele imigangatho yemveliso ethile ebekwe yi-Iraq's Standards and Quality Control Authority (ISQCA). Le migangatho ibandakanya imiba eyahlukeneyo efana nomgangatho, ukhuseleko, iimfuno zokuleyibhile, kunye novavanyo lokuthobela. Iinkampani kufuneka zinike ubungqina bokuba iimveliso zabo ziyahlangabezana nale migangatho ngovavanyo lwebhubhoratri okanye iingxelo zovavanyo ezenziwa ngamaqumrhu agunyazisiweyo. Ngaphaya koko, ezinye iimveliso zifuna izatifikethi ezongezelelweyo ngaphambi kokuba zithathwe njengezifanelekile ukuba zithunyelwe ngaphandle. Njengokuba: 1. Izinto zokutya: Abathumeli bangaphandle kufuneka bafumane isiqinisekiso sempilo esikhutshwe liSebe lezeMpilo lase-Iraq esichaza ukuba iimpahla ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zococeko. 2. Amachiza: Ukuthunyelwa kwemveliso yamayeza kumazwe angaphandle kufuna ukubhaliswa kwiSebe leMicimbi yezamayeza e-Iraq kunye namaxwebhu ongezelelweyo anxulumene nokwenziwa kwemveliso kunye nokuleyibhelishwa. 3. Izinto zeMichiza: Imvume yangaphambili evela kwiKhomishini Jikelele yeMigangatho yokuSingqongileyo (GCES) iyimfuneko ekuthumeleni ngaphandle imichiza eyingozi okanye izinto. Kubalulekile ukuba abathengisi bangaphandle basebenze ngokusondeleleneyo neearhente zasekhaya okanye abasasazi abanolwazi lokujonga isakhelo solawulo sase-Iraq. Ezi ngcali zinokunceda ekufumaneni amaxwebhu ayimfuneko ngokukhawuleza ngelixa eqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwayo yonke imithetho esebenzayo kunye nemimiselo. Ukuqukumbela, ukuthumela iimpahla ezisuka eIraq kufuna iziqinisekiso ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kubume bemveliso ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Ukubambelela kwezi nkqubo zoqinisekiso kuqinisekisa ukuba abathumeli bangaphandle bayahlangabezana nemigangatho yomgangatho ngelixa bekhuthaza urhwebo phakathi kwemithetho-sikhokelo esekwe ngoogunyaziwe base-Iraq.
Ulungiselelo lolungiselelo olucetyiswayo
I-Iraq lilizwe elikuMbindi Mpuma kwaye liyaziwa ngembali yalo etyebileyo kunye nelifa lenkcubeko. Xa kuziwa kulungiselelo kunye nothutho, nalu ulwazi olucetyiswayo lokuthunyelwa kwempahla e-Iraq. 1. Amazibuko: I-Iraq inamazibuko aliqela amakhulu asebenza njengamasango abalulekileyo orhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Izibuko le-Umm Qasr, elikwisixeko sase-Basra, lelona zibuko likhulu e-Iraq kwaye liphethe inxalenye ebalulekileyo yorhwebo lwaselwandle lwelizwe. Amanye amazibuko abalulekileyo aquka iKhor Al-Zubair kunye ne-Al-Maqal Port. 2. Izikhululo zeenqwelo moya: Ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngokukhawuleza, uthutho ngenqwelomoya lunokuba lukhetho. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseBaghdad sesona sikhululo seenqwelomoya samazwe ngamazwe e-Iraq, siphethe iinqwelomoya zabakhweli kunye nempahla. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya i-Erbil kwiNgingqi yaseKurdistan ikwayeyona ndawo iphambili yokuthuthwa kwempahla, isebenza njengesango lokuya emantla eIraq. 3. Uthungelwano lwendlela: I-Iraq inothungelwano lwendlela olubanzi oludibanisa izixeko ezikhulu kunye nemimandla ngaphakathi kwelizwe kunye namazwe angabamelwane anjengeJordani, iSiriya, iTurkey, i-Iran, i-Kuwait, i-Saudi Arabia-ukwenza uthutho lwendlela lube yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuhanjiswa kwe-Iraq okanye. ngaphaya kwemida. Nangona kunjalo, ukugcinwa okuthembekileyo kweziseko zophuhliso kunokubangela ukuphazamiseka ngamanye amaxesha. 4. Imimiselo yeCustoms: Kubalulekile ukuqonda imimiselo yezithethe zase-Iraq ngaphambi kokuthumela iimpahla kwilizwe. Ngokuhambelana nemithetho yendawo, unokufuna amaxwebhu athile, i-invoyisi yezoRhwebo, iBhili yokuLayisha / uLuhlu lokuPakisha, iSatifikethi selizwe leMvelaphi njl. njl. kunye nezikhokelo zokungenisa/ukuthumela ngaphandle ziya kuququzelela iinkqubo zokucocwa ngaphandle kwamagingxi-gingxi. 5.Amaziko okugcina impahla: Kukho iindawo zokugcina iimpahla zale mihla ezifumanekayo phakathi kwezixeko ezikhulu ezifana neBaghdad, iBasra, ne-Erbil. Ezi zixhobo zibonelela ngeendlela zokugcina ezikhuselekileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeempahla ezixhotyiswe ngezibonelelo eziyimfuneko ezifana neenkqubo zokulawula ubushushu, iifolokhwe, kunye nemilinganiselo yokhuseleko. i-choie iya kuqinisekisa ukugcinwa okukhuselekileyo ngaphambi okanye emva kweenkqubo zokusasazwa. 6. Ababoneleli ngenkonzo yoLungiselelo: Iinkampani ezininzi zasekhaya, nezamazwe ngamazwe zothungelwano zisebenza e/Iraq, zikhuthaza ukuhamba kakuhle kwempahla ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwelizwe. Ezi nkampani zibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo ezifana nokuthunyelwa kwempahla, ukukhulula izithethe, ukuphatha imithwalo, kunye isisombululo sezothutho.Ukubhalisa uncedo lwababoneleli bezinto eziphathekayo kunokwenza lula imisebenzi yakho yekhonkco lokubonelela e-Iraq. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngenxa yokungazinzi kwezopolitiko kunye neengxabano zengingqi, kunokubakho umngcipheko kunye nemingeni ehambelana nokusebenza kwe-logistics e-Iraq. Ukusebenzisana ngokusondeleyo namahlakani athembekileyo kunye nokuhlala uhlaziywa kuphuhliso lwamva nje kuya kuba negalelo kulawulo oluyimpumelelo lolungiselelo lolungiselelo xa usebenza neli lizwe.
Imijelo yophuhliso lwabathengi

Imiboniso yorhwebo ebalulekileyo

I-Iraq inabathengi abaninzi ababalulekileyo bamanye amazwe kunye nemijelo yophuhliso malunga namathuba orhwebo kunye namathuba oshishino. Ukongeza, ilizwe libamba imiboniso eyahlukeneyo ebalulekileyo etsala umdla wehlabathi. Apha ngezantsi ngabadlali abaphambili kwimarike yokuthengwa kwempahla yase-Iraq kunye nemiboniso yorhwebo ebonakalayo: 1. Icandelo likaRhulumente: Urhulumente wase-Iraq ungumthengi obalaseleyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo afana neziseko zophuhliso, amandla, ukhuselo, kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo. Ihlala ithenga iimpahla neenkonzo ngeethenda okanye uthethathethwano oluthe ngqo. 2. Ishishini le-oyile: Njengomnye wabavelisi be-oyile abakhulu kwihlabathi, i-Iraq ibonelela ngamathuba amakhulu kubaboneleli bamazwe angaphandle ukusebenzisana neeNkampani ze-oyile zeSizwe (NOCs). Ii-NOC ezifana ne-Iraq National Oil Company (INOC) kunye ne-Basra Oil Company (BOC) zibandakanya rhoqo kwimisebenzi yokuthengwa kwempahla kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe. 3. ICandelo loLwakhiwo: Iinzame zokwakhiwa ngokutsha zidale imfuno enkulu yezinto zokwakha kunye nezixhobo eIraq. Iikontraka ezibandakanyekayo kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zihlala zixhomekeke kubaboneleli behlabathi ngeemfuno zabo. 4. Iimpahla zabathengi: Ngokukhula kwabantu abakumgangatho ophakathi, kukho imfuno ekhulayo yezinto zabathengi ezifana ne-electronics, iimveliso ze-FMCG, izinto zefashoni, njl., okwenza kube yimarike ekhangayo kwiimpawu zamazwe ngamazwe. 5. EzoLimo: Ngenxa yomhlaba ochumileyo ogudle umlambo iTigris neEuphrates, iIraq inamandla okwandisa imveliso yezolimo ngokufunyanwa koomatshini bale mihla kubathengisi bamazwe ngamazwe. 6. Amachiza & neZixhobo zokhathalelo lwempilo: Icandelo lokhathalelo lwempilo lifuna izixhobo zonyango ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana nezixhobo zokuxilonga, izixhobo zotyando, amayeza adla ngokufumaneka kubaboneleli abathembekileyo bamazwe ngamazwe ngeenkqubo zethenda. Ngokuphathelele imiboniso ebanjelwe e-Iraq: a) Umboniso waMazwe ngaMazwe waseBaghdad: Lo mboniso wonyaka uthathwa njengowona mboniso ubalulekileyo we-Iraq kumacandelo ngamacandelo aquka imathiriyeli yokwakha/izixhobo, iimpahla zabathengi/izinto zefashoni; ukutsala iinkampani zalapha ekhaya & zangaphandle ezifuna ukubonisa iimveliso/iinkonzo zazo kubathengi/ oosomashishini/abathengi baseIraq. b) Umboniso waMazwe ngaMazwe we-Erbil: Ubanjwa rhoqo ngonyaka kwisixeko sase-Erbil kugxilwe kumacandelo amaninzi oshishino afana nolwakhiwo, amandla, unxibelelwano, ezolimo, kunye nempahla yabathengi. Isebenza njengeqonga lamashishini asekhaya nawamazwe ngamazwe ukuhlola amathuba orhwebo. c) Umboniso waMazwe ngaMazwe waseBasra: Lo mboniso ugxile ikakhulu kwicandelo le-oyile negesi kodwa ukwabandakanya namanye amashishini afana nokwakha, ezothutho, izinto zothutho, njl. d) ISulaymaniyah International Fair: Ifumaneka kumntla we-Iraq wesixeko saseSulaymaniyah; Ibonisa imiboniso kumacandelo afana neemveliso/oomatshini bezolimo, izixhobo zokhathalelo lwempilo/amayeza, amalaphu/impahla/izincedisi zefashoni. Lo mboniso ujolise ekukhuthazeni intsebenziswano yoshishino phakathi kwababoneleli bamazwe ngamazwe kunye nabathengi balapha ekhaya. Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yamajelo ophuhliso kunye nemiboniso kwimarike yokuthengwa kwempahla yase-Iraq. Kubalulekile ukwenza uphando olongezelelweyo okanye ukusebenzisana nemibutho yorhwebo echaphazelekayo ngolwazi oluthe kratya kumacandelo athile okanye iziganeko zomdla.
I-Iraq, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yase-Iraq, lilizwe elikwiNtshona ye-Asiya. Abantu baseIraq bahlala besebenzisa iinjini zokukhangela ezininzi ezidumileyo ukukhangela i-intanethi kwaye bafumane ulwazi. Nazi ezinye iinjini zokukhangela eziqhele ukusetyenziswa eIraq kunye neeURL zewebhusayithi yazo: 1. Google: Iwebhusayithi: www.google.com 2. I-Bing: umthombo: www.bing.com 3. Yahoo: umthombo: www.yahoo.com 4. Yandex: umthombo: www.yandex.com 5. IdadaDuckGo: umthombo: duckduckgo.com 6. I-Ecosia: iwebhusayithi: ecosia.org 7. I-Naver: I-Naver inikezela ngeenkonzo ezifana ne-injini yokukhangela kunye ne-portal yewebhu. Iwebhusayithi (yaseKorea): www.naver.com (Qaphela: I-Naver isekwe eKorea kodwa isetyenziswa kakhulu eIraq) 8 Baidu (百度): I-Baidu yenye yezona njini zokukhangela zaziwayo eTshayina. Iwebhusayithi (isiTshayina): www.baidu.cm (Qaphela: I-Baidu ingabona ukusetyenziswa okulinganiselweyo e-Iraq, ngakumbi kubantu abathetha isiTshayina) Le yimizekelo embalwa yeenjini zokukhangela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo abantu base-Iraq abaxhomekeke kuzo ukuze bafikelele kulwazi olukwi-intanethi ngokufanelekileyo nangempumelelo. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezi webhusayithi zinokufikelelwa kwihlabathi jikelele, iinguqulelo ezithile zalapha zinokubakho kumazwe athile okanye imimandla ngokusekwe kukhetho lwabasebenzisi okanye kwiimfuno zolwimi. Kubalulekile ukuthathela ingqalelo ukhetho lomntu xa ujonga ukuba yeyiphi injini yokukhangela eyeyona ifanele iimfuno zomntu ngamnye zokukhangela ulwazi olusuka eIraq okanye kuyo nayiphi na indawo yehlabathi.

Amaphepha amakhulu atyheli

E-Iraq, amaxwebhu aphambili atyheli abalawuli abandakanya: 1. I-Iraqi Yellow Pages – Olu luluhlu lwe-intanethi olubanzi oluquka izixeko ezahlukeneyo kunye namashishini e-Iraq. Ibonelela ngolwazi loqhagamshelwano, iidilesi, kunye neewebhusayithi zamashishini kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Iwebhusayithi inokufumaneka ku- https://www.iyp-iraq.com/. 2. I-EasyFinder Iraq – Olunye uluhlu olubalaseleyo lwamaphepha omthubi kumashishini ase-Iraq, i-EasyFinder inikezela ngoluhlu lweenkampani ezivela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo afana nezempilo, ububele, ukwakhiwa, kunye nokunye. Uluhlu lunokufumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yabo https://www.easyfinder.com.iq/. 3. IZain Yellow Pages – IZain yinkampani ephambili kwezonxibelelwano eIraq ekwabonelela ngenkonzo yamaphepha atyheli enika ulwazi kumashishini asekuhlaleni kwizixeko ezininzi zelizwe. Unokufikelela kuluhlu lwamaphepha abo atyheli ngewebhusayithi yabo https://yellowpages.zain.com/iraq/en. 4. IiKurdpages – Ngokukhethekileyo ukubonelela ngengingqi yaseKurdish yaseIraq equka izixeko ezinjenge-Erbil, iDohuk, neSulaymaniyah; I-Kurdpages inikezela ngoluhlu lwe-intanethi olunoluhlu lwamashishini ahlukeneyo asebenza kulo mmandla. Iwebhusayithi yabo ifumaneka http://www.kurdpages.com/. 5. I-IQD Pages - IQD Pages luluhlu lweshishini lwe-intanethi oluquka amashishini amaninzi kulo lonke elase-Iraq kuquka neenkonzo zebhanki, iihotele neendawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide, iinkampani zezothutho phakathi kwezinye ezininzi. Ungandwendwela iwebhusayithi yabo ku- https://iqdpages.com/ Ezi nkcukacha zamaphepha atyheli zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezixabisekileyo kubantu okanye amashishini akhangela iinkonzo ezithile okanye ababoneleli ngaphakathi kobume boshishino lwase-Iraq. Nceda uqaphele ukuba kusoloko kucetyiswa ukuba ujonge kabini ukuchaneka kunye nokufaneleka kwayo nayiphi na ingcaciso yoqhagamshelwano enikwe kwezi webhusayithi ngaphambi kokunxulumana nayo nayiphi na inkampani edweliswe apho.

Amaqonga amakhulu orhwebo

E-Iraq, ishishini le-e-commerce likhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye iiplatifti ezininzi ezinkulu ziye zavela ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zokuthenga kwi-Intanethi. Nanga amanye amaqonga e-e-commerce aphambili e-Iraq kunye needilesi zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-Miswag: Eli lelinye lamaqonga aphambili e-e-commerce e-Iraq abonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kuzo zonke iindidi ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-electronics, ifashoni, izixhobo zasekhaya, nokunye. Idilesi yewebhusayithi ithi www.miswag.net. 2. Ivenkile yemali yaseZain: Ivenkile yemali yakwaZain ibonelela ngendawo yokuthengisa ye-intanethi apho abasebenzisi banokuthenga iimveliso ezahlukeneyo besebenzisa i-wallet yabo ye-Zain. Iqonga libonelela ngezinto ezifana ne-elektroniki, iimveliso zobuhle, iimpahla zendlu, kunye nokunye. Ungafikelela kuyo www.zaincashshop.iq. 3. I-Dsama: I-Dsama lelinye iqonga le-e-commerce le-Iraqi elibalaseleyo eligxile kwi-electronics kunye negajethi. Ibonelela ngoluhlu lwezixhobo zombane ezinje ngee-smartphones, iilaptops, iikhonsoli zokudlala, kunye nezixhobo ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo. Idilesi yewebhusayithi kaDsama ithi www.dsama.tech. 4. IMarike yeCressy: IMarike yeCressy yindawo yentengiso ye-intanethi evelayo e-Iraq ejolise ekudibaniseni abathengi nabathengisi kuzo zonke iindidi zeemveliso ezibandakanya iimpahla zefashoni, izincedisi, izithambiso, izinto zokuhombisa ikhaya nokunye. Ungazifumana ku-www.cressymarket.com. 5. I-Baghdad Mall: I-Baghdad Mall yindawo ethandwayo yokuthenga kwi-intanethi yase-Iraqi enikezela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso ukusuka kwimpahla ukuya kwisixhobo sombane sasekhaya kunye nombane othengwayo osuka kwiibrendi ezaziwayo ekuhlaleni nakwihlabathi jikelele ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo.Ukuthenga ndwendwela iwebhusayithi yabo ku-www.baghdadmall.net. 6.Onlinezbigzrishik (OB): I-OB ibonelela ngeendidi ngeendidi zeemveliso ukusuka kwimpahla ukuya kwizinto zombane ngelixa kubandakanya impilo kunye neemveliso zobuhle kunye negrosari.Ungazifumana ngokundwendwela iwebhusayithi yabo ku-https://www.onlinezbigzirshik.com/ iq/. 7.Unicorn Store:Eyakhe iVenkile yeUnicorn yaseIraq ibonelela abathengi ngoluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso ezizodwa ezibandakanya izixhobo zobugcisa, izixhobo zasekhaya, izincedisi zefashoni kunye nokunye. Zifumane kwi-www.unicornstore.iq. Nceda uqaphele ukuba i-e-commerce landscape ihlala iguquka, kwaye amaqonga amatsha anokuvela okanye asele ekho anokutshintsha. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba undwendwele ezi webhusayithi okanye ukhangele ulwazi oluhlaziyiweyo ukuze uqinisekise iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo nezihlaziyiweyo kumaqonga e-e-commerce akhoyo e-Iraq.

Amaqonga amakhulu eendaba zoluntu

I-Iraq lilizwe elikuMbindi Mpuma elinobukho obukhulayo kwihlabathi ledijithali, kubandakanywa amaqonga eendaba ezentlalo. Nanga amanye amaqonga eendaba ezentlalo athandwayo asetyenziswa eIraq, kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. I-Facebook (www.facebook.com): I-Facebook lelona qonga lisetyenziswa kakhulu kwinethiwekhi yoluntu e-Iraq, edibanisa abantu kumaqela ahlukeneyo eminyaka kunye namanani abantu. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba babelane ngohlaziyo, iifoto, iividiyo, kwaye banxibelelane nabahlobo kunye nosapho. 2. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com): I-Instagram yifoto kunye nevidiyo yokwabelana ngeqonga eliye lafumana ukuthandwa okuphawulekayo phakathi kolutsha lwase-Iraq. Abasebenzisi banokufaka imifanekiso okanye iividiyo ezimfutshane ezihamba nezihloko okanye iihashtag. 3. I-Twitter (www.twitter.com): Inkonzo ye-microblogging ye-Twitter inesiseko esikhulu sabasebenzisi e-Iraq. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bathumele iitweets ezinemiyalezo emifutshane eyaziwa ngokuba yi "tweets," enokwabelwana ngayo esidlangalaleni okanye ngasese. 4. I-Snapchat (www.snapchat.com): I-app ye-multimedia ye-multimedia ye-Snapchat yenza abasebenzisi babelane ngeefoto kunye neevidiyo ezinyamalalayo emva kokujongwa ngummkeli kwimizuzwana okanye iiyure ze-24 ukuba zongezwe kwibali labo. 5. ITelegram (i-telegram.org): I-Telegram yi-app yemiyalezo ekhawulezayo enikezela ngeempawu ezifana nemiyalezo ebhaliweyo, iifowuni zezwi, iingxoxo zeqela, iziteshi zomxholo wokusasaza, kunye nokukwazi ukwabelana ngefayile. 6. I-TikTok (www.tiktok.com): I-TikTok yinkonzo edumileyo yokwabelana ngevidiyo kwinethiwekhi yoluntu evumela abasebenzisi ukuba benze iividiyo ezimfutshane zokuvumelanisa imilebe okanye umxholo wokuyila usete iingoma zomculo. 7. I-LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com): I-LinkedIn ibonelela abachwephesha e-Iraq ngamathuba othungelwano onxibelelwano olunxulumene nomsebenzi ngokusebenzisa iqonga layo le-intanethi elenzelwe ngokukodwa iinjongo zoshishino ezifana nokufuna umsebenzi okanye ukuseka unxibelelwano lobuchwephesha. 8. I-YouTube (www.youtube.com): I-YouTube inikezela ngoluhlu lwesiqulatho sevidiyo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezinomdla ezivela kwihlabathi lonke apho abasebenzisi banokubukela iividiyo zomculo, iivlogs, iidokhumentari ngelixa besenza itshaneli yabo ukuba bayathanda. Ezi zezinye zamaqonga eendaba ezentlalo awaziwayo asetyenziswa eIraq; nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kusenokubakho amanye amaqonga adumileyo ekuhlaleni ngokukodwa kwimimandla ethile okanye uluntu ngaphakathi elizweni.

Imibutho emikhulu yoshishino

Imibutho emikhulu yoshishino yase-Iraq ibandakanya: 1. I-Federation of Iraqi Chambers of Commerce: Lo ngumbutho okhokelayo omele urhwebo norhwebo e-Iraq. Iqulathe amagumbi orhwebo asekuhlaleni asuka kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo kwilizwe liphela. umthombo: https://iraqchambers.gov.iq/ 2. I-Federation of Iraqi Industries: Lo mbutho umele icandelo lemveliso nelemizi-mveliso e-Iraq, ugxile ekukhuthazeni ukukhula koqoqosho, ukudala imisebenzi, kunye nokhuphiswano. Iwebhusayithi http://fiqi.org/?lang=en 3. I-Iraqi Agricultural Association: Lo mbutho ukhuthaza ezolimo kunye noshishino lwezolimo e-Iraq ngokubonelela ngenkxaso kumafama, ukukhuthaza ezona ndlela zilungileyo, kunye nokuququzelela urhwebo phakathi kwecandelo lezolimo. umthombo: http://www.infoagriiraq.com/ 4. I-Iraqi Contractors' Union: Le manyano imele iikontraka ezibandakanyekayo kwiiprojekthi zokwakha kulo lonke elase-Iraq. Ijolise ekuphuculeni umsebenzi ngokuseka izikhokelo zoqinisekiso lomgangatho, ukuziphatha kobuchule, iinkqubo zoqeqesho, kunye nemigangatho yobugcisa kushishino lokwakha. umthombo: http://www.icu.gov.iq/en/ 5. I-Union of Oil & Gas Companies e-Iraq (UGOC): I-UGOC imele iinkampani ezibandakanyekayo ekuhloleni, ekuveliseni, ekusulungeni, ekuhanjisweni, nasekuthengisweni kweemveliso zeoli kunye negesi ngaphakathi kwe-Iraq. Ijolise ekukhuthazeni amathuba otyalo-mali kweli candelo ngelixa iqinisekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo. Iwebhusayithi: N/A 6. I-Federation of Tourism Associations e-Iraq (FTAI): I-FTAI igxile ekukhuthazeni ukhenketho njengoshishino olubalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho ngaphakathi e-Iraq ngolungelelwaniso phakathi kwamashishini ahlukeneyo anxulumene nokhenketho afana nee-arhente zokuhamba, iihotele/iendawo zokuchithela iiholide njl.njl. umthombo: http://www.ftairaq.org/

Iiwebhusayithi zeshishini kunye norhwebo

Nazi ezinye iiwebhusayithi zoqoqosho kunye nezorhwebo e-Iraq: 1. UMphathiswa wezoRhwebo (http://www.mot.gov.iq): Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeSebe lezoRhwebo ibonelela ngolwazi ngemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo, imimiselo, izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, ukuthumela ngaphandle, kunye namathuba otyalo-mali e-Iraq. 2. IBhanki Enkulu yase-Iraq (https://cbi.iq): Iwebhusayithi yeBhanki Enkulu inikezela ngohlaziyo malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yezemali, amazinga otshintshiselwano, imimiselo yebhanki, kunye nezalathi zoqoqosho. Ikwabonelela ngolwazi ngamathuba otyalo-mali kunye nezikhokelo kubatyali-zimali bamazwe angaphandle. 3. I-Federation of Iraqi Chambers of Commerce (http://www.ficc.org.iq): Le webhusayithi imele umdla wamashishini ase-Iraqi kunye namagumbi orhwebo. Ibonelela ngoluhlu lwamashishini asekhaya, uhlaziyo lweendaba kuqoqosho, ikhalenda yeziganeko zorhwebo, kunye neenkonzo zamalungu. 4. IKomishoni yoTyalo-mali e-Iraq (http://investpromo.gov.iq): Iwebhusayithi yeKomishoni yoTyalo-mali ikhuthaza amathuba otyalo-mali kumacandelo ahlukeneyo kwi-Iraq yonke. Inika ulwazi ngeeprojekthi ezikhoyo, inkuthazo kubatyali-mali, imithetho elawula utyalo-mali, kunye nemigaqo yokuseka amashishini. 5. I-Iraqi American Chamber of Commerce and Industry (https://iraqi-american-chamber.com): Lo mbutho uququzelela ubudlelwane bezoshishino phakathi kwama-Iraqis kunye namaMerika ngokubonelela ngamathuba onxibelelwano ngeziganeko okanye ukujongana nemiba ejongene nosomashishini abafuna ukutyala imali okanye ukwenza ishishini. kumazwe omabini. 6. I-Baghdad Chamber of Commerce (http://bcci-iq.com) - Eli lelinye phakathi kwamaCandelo amaninzi engingqi azinikele ekukhuthazeni amashishini asekuhlaleni kwimarike yaseBaghdad - kubandakanywa nezibonelelo zabo- iziqinisekiso ezinikezelwa ngeenkqubo ezineenkcukacha zokuxhobisa abarhwebi ngedatha ehlaziyiweyo & izixhobo 7.Ibhodi yoPhuhliso loQoqosho-uRhulumente weNgingqi yaseKurdistan(http://ekurd.net/edekr-com) -Le ndawo idibanisa amaqabane anokubakho kunye namasebe angundoqo karhulumente ngaphakathi kwiCandelo loLawulo lweNkxaso yoShishino kunye neYunithi yoLungelelaniso loQoqosho enoxanduva lokunceda amazwe ngamazwe. iinkampani ezinomdla malunga neevesi zoncedo.iirekhodi

Iiwebhusayithi zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi ezisemthethweni zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo eIraq. Nazi ezinye zazo kunye nee-URL zazo: 1. Umbutho oyiNtloko weStatistics and Information Technology (COSIT): Iwebhusayithi yeCOSIT ibonelela ngeenkcukacha-manani ezineenkcukacha ezinxulumene nemisebenzi yezoqoqosho kunye norhwebo e-Iraq. Unokufikelela kwidatha yokurhweba, ukungenisa / ukuthumela imiqulu, kunye nezinye izikhombisi zezoqoqosho nge-portal yazo. URL: http://cosit.gov.iq/ 2. UMphathiswa wezoRhwebo: Iwebhusayithi yeSebe lezoRhwebo inikezela ngolwazi malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo lwangaphandle, imimiselo, iinkqubo zokurhweba, kunye namathuba otyalo-mali e-Iraq. Ikwabonelela ngokufikelela kwiinkcukacha zorhwebo ezifana neenkcukacha-manani zokungenisa/ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngokwecandelo kunye nokwahlulwa ngokwelizwe. I-URL: https://www.trade.gov.iq/ I-3.I-Iraqi Customs Authority (ICA): Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-ICA ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bakhangele iirekhodi ezinxulumene nokurhweba ngaphandle / ukuthumela ngaphandle, iirhafu, iirhafu, imisebenzi yesintu, kunye nokunye. Ibonelela ngeqonga elibanzi lokufikelela kwiinkcukacha zorhwebo ezifanelekileyo ngaphakathi kweli lizwe. URL: http://customs.mof.gov.iq/ I-4.Iziko loLwazi lweMarike yase-Iraqi (IMIC): I-IMIC liziko elilawulwa ngurhulumente eliququzelela uphando lwemarike kunye nohlalutyo olunxulumene namacandelo ahlukeneyo e-Iraq kuquka i-oyile / igesi yendalo yokuthengisa ngaphandle / ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle, kunye namanye amathuba oshishino anokubakho.Njengenxalenye yeenkonzo zalo. , ikwabandakanya idatha yorhwebo efanelekileyo.URL:http://www.imiclipit.org/ Ezi webhusayithi kufuneka zikunike ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nemisebenzi yorhwebo ngaphakathi elizweni, efana nokungenisa/ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, uhlaziyo lomgaqo-nkqubo, iindidi, kunye neenkcukacha ezithe ngqo kushishino. Qinisekisa ukuba uphonononga la maqonga ngocoselelo njengoko aya kukunceda ekufumaneni ulwazi malunga Imarike yaseIraq.

amaqonga B2b

I-Iraq lilizwe elinamaqonga ahlukeneyo eB2B adibanisa amashishini kwaye aququzelele urhwebo. Nanga amanye amaqonga eB2B eIraq: 1. IHala Expo: Eli qonga likhethekileyo ekuququzeleleni imiboniso yezorhwebo yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemiboniso e-Iraq, ibonelela ngamathuba okuba amashishini anxibelelane kwaye abonise iimveliso okanye iinkonzo zawo. Iwebhusayithi: www.hala-expo.com. 2. Indawo yeMarike ye-Facebook: Nangona ingeyiyo iqonga le-B2B kuphela, i-Facebook Marketplace isetyenziswa kakhulu ngamashishini ase-Iraqi ukukhuthaza iimveliso zabo kunye nokufikelela abathengi abanokubakho ekuhlaleni. Iwebhusayithi: www.facebook.com/marketplace. 3. Inkampani yoRhwebo yaseMiddle East (METCO): I-METCO yinkampani yokurhweba yase-Iraq esebenza njengeqonga le-B2B, idibanisa abathengi kunye nabathengisi phakathi kwamashishini ahlukeneyo afana neemveliso zezolimo, izinto zokwakha, iikhemikhali, i-electronics, nokunye. umthombo: www.metcoiraq.com. 4. Indawo yeMarike yase-Iraqi (IMP): I-IMP yindawo yentengiso ye-intanethi ebonelela kumacandelo amaninzi aquka ezolimo, ulwakhiwo, ukhathalelo lwempilo, i-oyile negesi, izixhobo zonxibelelwano, iinxalenye zeemoto, nokunye. Idibanisa ababoneleli kunye nabathengi basekhaya nabangaphandle abanomdla wokwenza ushishino neenkampani ezise-Iraq. iwebhusayithi: www.imarketplaceiraq.com. I-5.Tradekey Iraq: I-Tradekey yindawo yentengiso yehlabathi jikelele ye-B2B equka i-Iraq phakathi koluhlu lwamazwe aneengosi ezizinikeleyo zothungelwano lweshishini kunye nokudibanisa abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kubaboneleli bendawo base-Iraqi kumashishini ahlukeneyo afana nokutya nesiselo, izixhobo zokwakha zoomatshini be-elektroniki njl. umthombo: www.tradekey.com/ir Le yimizekelo embalwa yamaqonga e-B2B akhoyo e-Iraq namhlanje; nangona kunjalo nceda uqaphele ukuba ukufumaneka kunokwahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko amaqonga amatsha evela ngelixa amanye enokuphelelwa lixesha okanye asebenze kancinci.
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