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IMoldova, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseMoldova, lilizwe elivaliweyo eliseMpuma Yurophu. Yabelana ngemida yayo neRomania ngasentshona kunye neUkraine emantla, empuma nasezantsi. Nangona ilelinye lawona mazwe mancinane eYurophu, iMoldova inembali etyebileyo nelifa lenkcubeko elikhethekileyo. Ekubeni inabemi abamalunga nezigidi ezisisi-2.6, iMoldova ibunjwe ubukhulu becala ziintlanga zaseMoldova. Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho uluntu olubalulekileyo lwabantu baseUkraine, amaRussia, namaBulgaria ahlala ngaphakathi kwemida yawo. Ulwimi olusemthethweni oluthethwa kweli lizwe sisiRomania. IMoldova yafumana inkululeko kwiSoviet Union ngowe-1991 yaye ukususela ngoko ibizama ukuzinza kwezoqoqosho nezobupolitika. Uqoqosho lwayo luxhomekeke kakhulu kwezolimo, ngakumbi imveliso yewayini – nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona mveliso zewayini inkulu eYurophu. Ukongezelela, imizi-mveliso enjengomqhaphu noomatshini idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseMoldova. IChisinau isebenza njengesixeko esilikomkhulu kunye nendawo yenkcubeko yaseMoldova. Isixeko sineendlela ezahlukeneyo zoyilo eziphenjelelwa yi-classicism yaseNtshona Yurophu kunye neSoviet modernism. Abakhenkethi banokujonga iimpawu zomhlaba ezinje ngeCathedral Park okanye banandiphe ukutya kwesintu kwiindawo zokutyela zasekuhlaleni ezaziwa ngezitya zabo ezimnandi ezifana neplacinte (amaqebengwana agcwalisiweyo) okanye mămăliga (umgubo wombona). Abantu baseMoldova bayazingca ngezithethe zabo yaye umculo uyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yabo. Imidaniso yesintu efana ne-hora iyathandwa ngexesha lemibhiyozo okanye iminyhadala – ibonisa iimpahla zesintu ezimibalabala ezihonjiswe ngemihombiso entsonkothileyo. Ngaphandle kwemihlaba yayo emihle ecaleni koMlambo iNistru okanye iindawo zayo zembali ezifana ne-Orheiul Vechi Monastery eqingqwe emaweni ekalika; Imingeni yezopolitiko ibe nefuthe kwinkqubela phambili yaseMoldova kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Nangona kunjalo, iinzame ezibhekiselele kuhlaziyo ziyaqhubeka ukomeleza idemokhrasi ngelixa kufunwa intsebenziswano esondeleyo namazwe angamalungu e-European Union. Ukuqukumbela, iMoldova lilizwe elincinci kodwa elidlamkileyo elinika abakhenkethi ithuba lokuzintyintya kwizithethe ezityebileyo ngelixa bejonga ubuhle bendalo.

IMoldova, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseMoldova, lilizwe elivaliweyo eliseMpuma Yurophu. Imali esetyenziswa eMoldova ibizwa ngokuba yiMoldovan Leu (MDL). ILeu yaseMoldova ibiyimali esemthethweni yeli lizwe ukususela ngowe-1993, ithabathel’ indawo iruble yaseSoviet emva kokuba iMoldova ifumene inkululeko kwiSoviet Union. Isimboli esetyenziselwa imali ngu "₼", kwaye yahlulwe kwi-100 bani. Amanqaku ebhanki asasazwayo afumaneka kwiimvaba ze-1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha amaxabiso aphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-500 lei. Ihlelo ngalinye linoyilo lwalo olulodwa olunamanani abalulekileyo embali okanye iimpawu zomhlaba ezimele inkcubeko nelifa lemveli laseMoldova. Iingqekembe zemali nazo zisetyenziswa ecaleni kwamaphepha ebhanki kwaye ziza kwiimvaba ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-1 ban (elona xabiso lincinci), kunye neengqekembe ezixabisa i-5 bani kunye nokuphindaphindwa kweshumi ukuya kwi-leu enye. Ezi ngqekembe zibonisa iimpawu zelizwe okanye iimpawu eziphawulekayo ezivela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kweMoldova. Iimali zamazwe angaphandle ezifana needola zase-US okanye i-euro zinokutshintshwa kwiibhanki okanye kwiiofisi zotshintshiselwano ezigunyazisiweyo kuzo zonke izixeko ezikhulu nakwiindawo zabakhenkethi. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba abakhenkethi baphathe imali yasekhaya xa behamba ngaphakathi eMoldova kuba ezinye iindawo zisenokungazamkeli iimali zamazwe angaphandle ngokuthe ngqo. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba imali engamaphepha yomgunyathi ibiyingxaki kwiminyaka yakutshanje eMoldova. Ke ngoko bobabini abahlali kunye neendwendwe kufuneka balumke xa bephethe imali kwaye bazame ukungqinisisa ubunyani bayo ngokujonga iimpawu zokhuseleko ezibonelelwe kwiibhanki zokwenyani. Ngokubanzi, ngelixa undwendwela okanye usenza ishishini eMoldova kubalulekile ukuziqhelanisa nemali yesizwe - iLeu yaseMoldova - iimvaba zayo, iipatheni zokusetyenziswa, kunye nezilumkiso ezifanelekileyo ngokuchasene nemali yomgunyathi ukuze ube namava emali agudileyo ngexesha lakho apho.

Imali esemthethweni yaseMoldova yiLeu yaseMoldova (MDL). Ngokumalunga neereyithi zotshintshiselwano kwiimali ezinkulu zehlabathi, nceda uqaphele ukuba ziyaguquguquka rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela ngoSeptemba ka-2021, nantsi imilinganiselo yotshintshiselwano eqikelelweyo: I-1 USD = 18.80 MDL 1 EUR = 22.30 MDL I-1 GBP = 25.90 MDL I-JPY eyi-1 = 0.17 MDL Nceda ukhumbule ukuba ezi ntlawulo zinokutshintshwa, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhangele kumthombo othembekileyo okanye iziko lezemali ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluhlaziyiweyo ngaphambi kokuba wenze naluphi na utshintsho lwemali okanye utshintshiselwano.

IMoldova, ilizwe elincinane eliseMpuma Yurophu, ibhiyozela iiholide eziliqela ezibalulekileyo unyaka wonke. Omnye wemibhiyozo ebalulekileyo eMoldova luSuku lweNkululeko, olubhiyozelwa ngoAgasti 27. Le holide iphawula ukuzimela geqe kweli lizwe kwiSoviet Union ngowe-1991. Ngolu suku, abantu bayahlanganisana ukuze bathabathe inxaxheba kwimiboniso, kwiikonsathi nezinye iziganeko zenkcubeko ezibonisa imbali nezithethe zaseMoldova. Enye iholide ebalulekileyo yiCawe ye-Ista, ebaluleke kakhulu kunqulo lwabemi abangama-Othodoki baseMoldova. Le mibhiyozo iquka ukuya kwiinkonzo zecawe ezilandelwa kukutya nosapho kunye nabahlobo. Amaqanda emveli apeyintwe ebomvu atshintshiselwa njengemiqondiso yobomi obutsha kunye nokuhlaziywa. IMărțișor ngomnye umbhiyozo oqaphelekayo obanjwa nge-1 kaMatshi rhoqo ngonyaka. Lo mthendeleko ubonisa ukufika kwentwasahlobo kwaye ugxininise kwizithethe zamandulo zaseRoma. Ngexesha le-Mărțișor, abantu batshintshiselana ngemihlobiso emincinci eyenziwe ngemisonto emhlophe nebomvu ephothiweyo ebonisa ubunyulu kunye nempilo ngelixa begxotha imimoya emibi. USuku lweWayini lweSizwe ngumnyhadala ongaqhelekanga obhiyozelwa minyaka le nge-6th-7 ka-Okthobha ukuwonga ilifa lemveli yokwenziwa kwewayini yaseMoldova. Njengomnye wabavelisi bewayini abakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele ngomntu ngamnye, ibonisa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zemizi mveliso yewayini ngokungcamla kunye nemidlalo yenkcubeko. Ngaphezu koko, iKrismesi ibaluleke gqitha eMoldova njengexesha lokuqwalaselwa konqulo neendibano zentsapho ekupheleni kukaDisemba. Abantu batyelela iicawe kwiinkonzo zasezinzulwini zobusuku ngaphambi kokuba babuyele ekhaya ukuze banandiphe isidlo esimnandi kunye kumthi weKrismesi ohonjiswe kakuhle. Lilonke, le minyhadala imele imiba eyahlukeneyo yenkcubeko yaseMoldova - ukusuka kumlo wayo wenkululeko ukuya kwiinkolelo zayo zenkolo ezomeleleyo kunye noqhagamshelo olunzulu kwilifa lemveli lewayini - konke oku negalelo ekudaleni isazisi sesizwe esisodwa esisaqhubeka sikhula namhlanje.

IMoldova lilizwe elivaliweyo eliseMpuma Yurophu, ijikelezwe yiRomania ngasentshona neUkraine emantla, empuma nasemzantsi. Nangona ubukhulu bayo buncinci kunye nemithombo enqongopheleyo, iMoldova inecandelo lezorhwebo elisebenzayo elidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwayo. Eyona nto ithengiswa kumazwe angaphandle eMoldova iquka iimveliso zezolimo ezifana neziqhamo, imifuno, iwayini, icuba, ukutya okuziinkozo kunye namalaphu. Imveliso yewayini ibaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho lweli lizwe njengoko ingomnye wabalimi abakhulu eMpuma Yurophu. Ukongeza, iMoldova inecandelo letekhnoloji yolwazi ekhulayo ethumela ngaphandle iinkonzo zophuhliso lwesoftware. Ngokubhekiselele kumaqabane orhwebo, iMoldova inamakhonkco oqoqosho aqinileyo namazwe akwiManyano yaseYurophu (EU). I-EU lelona qabane layo likhulu lorhwebo elibalelwa kwisabelo esibalulekileyo sokungeniswa ngaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle. IRashiya imele enye imarike ebalulekileyo yempahla yaseMoldova efana neziqhamo newayini. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iMoldova ijongene nemingeni emininzi kwicandelo layo lezorhwebo. Ungquzulwano olungasonjululwanga kunye neTransnistria-ummandla oqhekekileyo obekwe ecaleni komda wayo osempuma-udala imiqobo kurhwebo ngenxa yokungazinzi kwezopolitiko kunye nokuthintelwa ukufikelela kwiimarike ezithile. Ngaphezu koko, ukungena kweMoldova kuMbutho wezoRhwebo weHlabathi (i-WTO) kwavula amathuba amatsha kodwa kwakhona kwabhentsisa imizi-mveliso yasekhaya kukhuphiswano olomeleleyo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukukhawulelana nale mingeni, urhulumente ebephumeza amanyathelo awohlukeneyo afana nokuphucula iziseko zophuhliso, uhlengahlengiso lweenkqubo zempahla ephuma kumazwe angaphandle, kunye nokwahlukahlukana kweemarike ezithumela ngaphandle, ukomeleza amandla abo orhwebo. Lilonke, icandelo lezorhwebo laseMoldova lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni uqoqosho lwayo. Urhulumente uyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza imigaqo-nkqubo ejolise ekutsaleni utyalo-mali lwangaphandle ngelixa esandisa iimarike zangaphandle, ukuphuhlisa ngakumbi ubudlelwane borhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.

IMoldova, ilizwe elincinane elivaliweyo eMpuma Yurophu, inamandla amakhulu okuphuhlisa urhwebo lwangaphandle. Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo, iMoldova ineengenelo ezininzi ezizodwa ezinegalelo kwindima yayo esakhulayo njengeqabane elithembisayo lokurhweba. Okokuqala, indawo yobuchule yeMoldova phakathi kweRomania neUkraine ibonelela ngofikelelo oluxabisekileyo kwiimarike zeManyano yaseYurophu kunye noManyano lwaMazwe aZimeleyo (CIS). Esi sikhundla sinenzuzo sinika amashishini aseMoldova ukuba angene lula kwezi blocs zinkulu zorhwebo, zibenza bakwazi ukuxhamla kwisiseko esikhulu sabathengi. Okwesibini, iMoldova yaziwa ngobuchule bayo kwezolimo kunye nemveliso ekumgangatho ophezulu. Eli lizwe linomhlaba ochumileyo kunye nemozulu entle enceda ekulinyweni kweziqhamo, imifuno, iidiliya neenkozo. Ngenxa yoko, icandelo lezolimo lelinye lawona mandla aqhuba uqoqosho lwaseMoldova. Ishishini lewayini lelizwe libalasele ngokwahlukileyo kwingingqi yalo kunye nesakhono salo sokuthumela ngaphandle. Ngokusebenzisa eli lungelo ngokusebenzisa amaphulo entengiso agxininisa umgangatho kunye nokwahluka, abathumeli bangaphandle baseMoldova banokutsala abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna iimveliso zezolimo eziphezulu. Ngaphaya koko, iMoldova yamkelwa njengendawo yokuvelisa engabiziyo ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi xa kuthelekiswa neNtshona Yurophu okanye kuMntla Melika. Le nzuzo yeendleko iyenza ibe yindawo enomtsalane yokuthengisa imveliso okanye ukuseka amashishini adibeneyo kumacandelo afana nelaphu okanye i-elektroniki. Ukusebenzisa oku kufikeleleka kunokuncedisa ekutsaleni utyalo-mali lwangaphandle ngeli lixa kukwaxutywa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle ngaphandle kwempahla enxulumene nezolimo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinzame zenziwe ngamaqumrhu karhulumente kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe ukuphucula izakhiwo zaseMoldova. Uthungelwano oluphuculweyo luya kwenza kube lula ukuhamba korhwebo phakathi kwamazwe angabamelwane kunye nokwandisa uqhagamshelwano namaziko ezoqoqosho engingqi afana neBucharest okanye iKyiv. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela imingeni ethile ekufuneka yoyiswe ukukhula okuzinzileyo kuphuhliso lorhwebo lwangaphandle eMoldova. Iinkxalabo ezingundoqo ziquka amanqanaba urhwaphilizo elizweni anokuthi athintele abatyali-mali okanye amahlakani anokubakho; Uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lwe-geopolitical olunokuthi luchaphazele uzinzo; ukwahluka okunyiniweyo ngaphaya kweemveliso zolimo; izikhokelo zolawulo ezingonelanga; kunye nemida yezobuchwepheshe ethintela ukwamkelwa korhwebo lwedijithali. Ukuqukumbela, iMoldova ibonisa amandla amakhulu okwandisa imarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Indawo elikuyo ilizwe, amandla ezolimo, ukufikeleleka kweendleko njengendawo yokuvelisa, kunye nokuphuculwa kweziseko ezingundoqo kunegalelo kwimeko yalo ethembisayo. Ukujongana nemingeni ekhoyo kuya kubaluleka ekuqondeni oku kunokwenzeka kunye nokuseka iMoldova njengeqabane elithembekileyo nelikhuphisanayo lokurhweba kwinqanaba lehlabathi.

Ukukhetha iimveliso ezifanelekileyo kwimarike yorhwebo yangaphandle yaseMoldova kunokuba linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuphumezeni impumelelo kwimisebenzi yokuthumela ngaphandle. Apha ngezantsi kukho iingqwalasela ezimbalwa xa ukhetha izinto ezishushu ezithengiswayo kwimakethi yaseMoldova: 1. Uphando lwemarike: Ukuqhuba uphando olunzulu lwemarike kubalulekile ukuchonga imfuno kunye nezinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi eMoldova. Qonda inkcubeko yendawo, iindlela zangoku, kunye nokuziphatha kwabathengi ukumisela ukuba zeziphi iimveliso ezinokuthengiswa kakuhle. 2. Iimarike ze-niche ekujoliswe kuzo: Chonga iimarike ze-niche ezinokubakho okuphezulu kodwa ukhuphiswano oluphantsi. Ngokujolisa kumacandelo athile oshishino okanye amaqela abathengi, kuba lula ukulungelelanisa imveliso oyinikelayo ngokufanelekileyo. 3. Qwalasela iimfuno zasekuhlaleni: Hlalutya iimfuno zabathengi baseMoldova kunye neemveliso ezijoliswe kuzo ezizalisekisa ezo mfuno ngokukodwa. Umzekelo, kunokubakho imfuno yezisombululo zamandla ahlaziyekayo ngenxa yemicimbi yokuxhomekeka kwamandla. 4. Umgangatho ubalulekile: Qinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ezikhethiweyo zihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu njengoko oku kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukwamkelwa kweemarike kunye nemfuno phakathi kwabathengi baseMoldova. 5. Iinketho ezingabizi kakhulu: Nikeza amaxabiso akhuphisanayo ngelixa ugcina imigangatho yomgangatho ngokujonga ababoneleli abavela kumazwe anezivumelwano zorhwebo ezifanelekileyo okanye iindleko ezisezantsi zemveliso. 6. Khuthaza ukhetho olulungele i-eco-friendly: Ngokwandisa ulwazi lwehlabathi malunga nokuzinza, cinga ngokunikezela ngeemveliso ezilungele i-eco-friendly okanye ukuxhasa izenzo ezizinzileyo ngaphakathi kwisixokelelwano sakho sobonelelo njengoko ukhetho oluqwalasela indalo luye lwafumana ukuthandwa kwiimarike ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe. 7. Ukuziqhelanisa nenkcubeko: Nika ingqwalasela ekulungelelaniseni imveliso yakho namasiko asekuhlaleni, izithethe, nezinto ozikhethayo ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ukusebenza kwayo okanye iindawo ezizodwa zokuthengisa. I-8.Iqhinga lokuthengisa: Phuhlisa isicwangciso sokuthengisa esisebenzayo esilungiselelwe iimpawu zemarike ezithile zaseMoldova ezifana nokusebenzisa amaqonga e-intanethi ngokufanelekileyo kunye namajelo eendaba emveli afana neentengiso zeTV kunye nerediyo. 9.Jonga ukhuphiswano rhoqo: Gcina iliso kwizinto okhuphisana nazo kwicandelo lakho elikhethiweyo rhoqo ngelixa uhlala uhlaziyiwe malunga nokuqaliswa kwemveliso entsha okanye utshintsho kwiindlela zabathengi. 10.Ngaphandle kwemida - qwalasela amathuba ommandla / okuthumela ngaphandle : Vavanya amathuba okwandisa ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweMoldova ngokucofa kwiimarike zengingqi ezikufutshane apho kukho umdla onokubakho kwiimveliso ezifanayo nezo zidumileyo kwimarike yaseMoldova. Ngokuqwalasela ezi zinto, ukwenza uphando oluneenkcukacha lwemarike, kunye nokulungelelanisa isicwangciso sakho ngokufanelekileyo, ungawandisa amathuba okukhetha izinto ezithengiswayo ezishushu kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseMoldova.

IMoldova lilizwe elivaliweyo elikwiMpuma Yurophu. Abantu baseMoldova, abaziwa ngokuba ngabantu baseMoldova, baziwa ngobubele babo obufudumeleyo nokwamkela iindwendwe. Bazingca kakhulu ngamasiko nezithethe zabo, ezimiliselwe ngokunzulu kwimbali nenkcubeko yabo. Enye yeempawu eziphambili zabathengi baseMoldova yingqalelo yabo kubudlelwane bomntu. Ukwakha ukuthembana nokugcina unxibelelwano oluluqilima kubalulekile xa usenza ishishini eMoldova. Ke ngoko, ukuthatha ixesha lokuseka ubudlelwane obuhle nabathengi basekhaya kuya kunceda kakhulu ekuphuhliseni ubudlelwane beshishini obunempumelelo. Olunye uphawu lwabathengi baseMoldova kukuthanda kwabo ukusebenzisana ubuso ngobuso. Ngelixa itekhnoloji yenze unxibelelwano lwenyani luqhelekile, abantu abaninzi balapha basaluxabisa unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo kwaye bakhetha ukudibana nomntu kunokuba bathembele kuphela kwiifowuni okanye ii-imeyile. Oku kuchukunyiswa komntu kunokukhuthaza uqhakamshelwano olomeleleyo nabathengi abasuka kulo mmandla. Xa kuziwa kwizenzo zoshishino, kubalulekile ukuqaphela i-taboos ethile okanye uvakalelo lwenkcubeko ekufuneka luphetshwe ngelixa usebenzisana nabathengi baseMoldova. Kujongwa njengento engafanelekanga ukuxoxa ngemibandela entununtunu efana nezobupolitika okanye imiba ephikisanayo ngaphandle kokuba iqalwe ngabemi basekuhlaleni ngokwabo. Ukongezelela, ukubamba ixesha kuxatyiswa kakhulu kule nkcubeko; ke ngoko, ukufika emva kwexesha ezintlanganisweni okanye kwizikhundla kunokubonwa njengokungabi nantlonelo. Ngaphaya koko, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuthozama nokuthobeka ziimpawu ezigqalwa kakhulu kuluntu lwaseMoldova. Ukuqhayisa ngezinto oziphumezileyo okanye ukubonakalisa ubutyebi kunokujongwa kakubi ngabantu basekuhlaleni. Ngamafutshane, abantu baseMoldova baziwa ngobubele babo obufudumeleyo kwaye bayakuxabisa ukwakha unxibelelwano lobuqu xa besenza ishishini. Ukudibana ubuso ngobuso kukhethwa kuneendlela zonxibelelwano lwenyani nanini na kunokwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukunqanda ukuxoxa ngemibandela enobuzaza njengezopolitiko ngaphandle kokuba iqalwe ngumxhasi wakho, ziqhelanise nokugcina ixesha ngexesha leentlanganiso/ixesha lokuqeshwa, kwaye ubonise ukuthozama kunokuqhayisa ngezinto oziphumezileyo xa usebenza nabathengi baseMoldova.

Inkqubo yolawulo lwempahla yaseMoldova yenzelwe ukulawula ukuthuthwa kwempahla nabantu ngabanye ngaphaya kwemida yayo. Xa ungena okanye uphuma elizweni, kukho iinkalo eziliqela ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Okokuqala, abahambi bafanele baqonde ukuba kufuneka babhengeze naziphi na iimpahla ezingaphaya kwemida ethile, njengezixa zemali okanye izinto zexabiso. IMoldova inemida ethile kwimali yangaphakathi neyangaphandle enokuthi ingeniswe okanye ikhutshelwe ngaphandle kwelizwe ngaphandle kwesibhengezo. Ukongeza, izinto ezithile ezifana nemipu, iziyobisi, kunye nezinto zenkcubeko zifuna imvume kwaye ziphantsi kwemithetho engqongqo. Ngaphaya koko, kubalulekile ukuba abatyeleli babe namaxwebhu okuhamba asemthethweni afana neencwadana zokundwendwela ezinexesha elincinane elisemthethweni. Ukongezelela, ukuba uceba ukuhlala eMoldova ngaphezu kweentsuku ezingama-90 kwisithuba seentsuku ezili-180 okanye usenza imisebenzi yengqesho kwelo lizwe, kuya kufuneka ufumane i-visa efanelekileyo okanye imvume yokuhlala kwangaphambili. Ukulawulwa kwempahla kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya kunye nokunqumla imida kubandakanya ukujongwa kwemithwalo kunye nokungeniswa okunyanzelekileyo kweefomu zokubhengezwa kwezinto ezithile eziziswa elizweni. Kubalulekile ukuba ungagqithi kwizibonelelo ezingahlawulelwayo xa uphethe iimpahla ezifana neemveliso zecuba okanye utywala. Ngaphezu koko, iMoldova ilandela imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe malunga nokungeniswa ngaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kubandakanywa ne-narcotics/izinto ezilawulwayo kunye nezinye izinto ezingekho mthethweni. Abahambi bafanele bakuphephe ukuthutha izinto ezinjalo njengoko oku kunokukhokelela kwizohlwayo eziqatha. Ukuququzelela ukuhamba kakuhle kwiindawo zolawulo lwamasiko eMoldova: 1. Qinisekisa ukuba amaxwebhu akho okundwendwela asemthethweni. 2. Ziqhelanise nezibonelelo ezingahlawulelwayo. 3. Hlonipha imimiselo malunga nokuthintelwa/okungavumelekanga ukungeniswa ngaphandle/ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle. 4. Ukubhengeza naziphi na izinto eziyimfuneko ezidlula imilinganiselo evumelekileyo. 5. Ukusebenzisana namagosa ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwempahla ephumayo. Ngokulandela le migaqo kunye nezikhokelo zibekwe ngabasemagunyeni eMoldova xa ungena okanye uphuma kweli lizwe, uhambo lwakho luya kuba lungenazo iingxaki ngelixa ugcina ukuthobela imimiselo yabo.

IMoldova, elilungu loMbutho weHlabathi woRhwebo (i-WTO) kwaye ityikitye izivumelwano zorhwebo zasimahla, iphumeze inkqubo yerhafu ekhululekileyo yokungenisa elizweni. Eli lizwe lijolise ekukhuthazeni urhwebo lwangaphandle kunye nokutsala utyalo-mali ngokugcina imiqobo ephantsi yokuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle. Ngokubanzi, iMoldova isebenzisa imirhumo ye-ad valorem kwiimpahla ezivela kumazwe angaphandle. Ezi ntlawulo zibalwa njengepesenti yexabiso lempahla ethunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle. Iireyithi ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwemveliso kwaye zinokusuka kwi-0% ukuya kwi-64%. Urhulumente wenze iinzame zokunciphisa irhafu evela kumazwe angaphandle ngenjongo yokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho. IMoldova ibonelela ngonyango olukhethekileyo kwiimveliso ezisuka kumazwe etyikitye kuwo izivumelwano zorhwebo zasimahla okanye ezinye izivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe amabini, njengeManyano yaseYurophu (i-EU) kunye namazwe akwiManyano aManyano aMazwe aManyano aManyano aManyeneyo (i-CIS). Ngenxa yoko, ezi mveliso zinokuzuza kwiirhafu ezincitshisiweyo okanye ezixolelweyo. Ukongeza, iMoldova ibonelela ngonyango olukhethekileyo kumacandelo athile okanye amashishini ajolise ekuxhaseni imveliso yasekhaya. Oku kuquka amaxabiso aphantsi amaxabiso avela kumazwe angaphandle kwizinto ezisetyenziswa kumacandelo aphambili afana nezolimo nokuvelisa, nto leyo enceda ekukhuthazeni imveliso yasekhaya. Kubalulekile kumashishini abandakanyeka kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye neMoldova ukuba baziqhelanise namazinga athile erhafu asebenzayo kwiimveliso zabo ngokubonisana nemithombo ethembekileyo efana neewebhusayithi ezisemthethweni zamasiko okanye ukuqhagamshelana nabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo. Kukwafanelekile ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba imiqobo engeyiyo yoluhlu lweerhafu inokubakho ecaleni kweerhafu zokungenisa elizweni, ezinjengeemfuno zelayisenisi okanye imigaqo yobugcisa emiselwe imigangatho yokhuseleko. Lilonke, umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu wokungenisa elizweni waseMoldova ujolise ekuququzeleleni urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngelixa uxhasa imizi-mveliso yasekhaya ngemilinganiselo yonyango olukhethekileyo.

IMoldova, ilizwe elivaliweyo eliseMpuma Yurophu, iye yasebenzisa imigaqo eliqela ephathelele ukurhafiswa kwezinto ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ilizwe liyakwandisa ukukhula koqoqosho ngokuthumela impahla kumazwe angaphandle kwaye limisele inkqubo yerhafu efanelekileyo ukutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle. Umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yokuthumela kumazwe angaphandle eMoldova ujolise ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lweshishini nokukhuthaza urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Urhulumente wenze iinzame zokulula kunye nokunciphisa irhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo. Iimpahla ezininzi zixolelwe ngokupheleleyo kwiirhafu zokuthumela ngaphandle okanye zixhomekeke kwiirhafu eziphantsi. Ngokubanzi, iMoldova ibeka irhafu yexabiso elongeziweyo (i-VAT) kwizinto ezininzi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo le-20%. Nangona kunjalo, iimveliso ezithile ezinje ngemveliso yezolimo zinokuzuza kwiirhafu ezithotyiweyo okanye iVAT elinganiselwa kuqanda. Ngaphaya koko, iMoldova ibonelela ngonyango olukhethekileyo lwerhafu kumashishini athile okanye imimandla ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwawo. Ngokomzekelo, ilizwe libonelela ngokukhululwa okanye ukunciphisa irhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle kweenkonzo ze-IT njengoko lifuna ukuphuhlisa icandelo leteknoloji. Ngokufanayo, ezinye iindawo ezichongiweyo njengezowuni zoqoqosho zasimahla zonwabela iimeko ezivumayo ezifana nerhafu ephantsi yengeniso yenkampani kunye neenkqubo ezilula zesithethe sokuthengisa ngaphandle. Ukuququzelela urhwebo namazwe angabamelwane afana neUkraine neRomania, iMoldova ithatha inxaxheba kwizivumelwano zorhwebo zengingqi ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zivumelwano zihlala zibandakanya izibonelelo zokuphelisa imirhumo yempahla ephumayo kwiimveliso ezithile okanye ukuzinciphisa kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iirhafu zokuthumela ngaphandle zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kudidi lwemveliso kunye neemeko zemarike. Ke ngoko, amashishini abandakanyekayo ekuthumeleni impahla evela eMoldova kufuneka adibane nabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni okanye abacebisi abaqeqeshiweyo ukuze bahlale behlaziywa ngemigaqo-nkqubo ethile yerhafu esebenzayo kwicandelo labo. Lilonke, umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yempahla yorhwebo yaseMoldova ujolise ekudaleni imeko-bume evumela amashishini ngokugcina irhafu iphantsi kakhulu ngelixa ikhuthaza amashishini angundoqo ngokukhuthaza kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwizivumelwano zorhwebo zengingqi.

IMoldova, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseMoldova, lilizwe elivaliweyo eliseMpuma Yurophu. Ekubeni ililizwe elincinane elinoqoqosho oluphuhlayo, iMoldova ithembele kakhulu ekuthengiseni amazwe angaphandle ukuze iqhube ukukhula koqoqosho nophuhliso. Ukuze kuququzelelwe urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lwempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle, iMoldova ineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zesatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle. Ezi ziqinisekiso zijolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iimveliso ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho ethile kunye nemimiselo ebekwe yimibutho yelizwe kunye nehlabathi jikelele. Esinye isatifikethi esibalulekileyo sokuthumela ngaphandle eMoldova siSatifikethi seMvelaphi. Olu xwebhu lusebenza njengobungqina bokuba iimpahla ziyaveliswa okanye zenziwe ngaphakathi kwemida yelizwe. Ngokwesiqhelo kudingwa ziziphathamandla zempahla ephuma kumazwe angaphandle ukuba zimisele ukufaneleka kweerhafu ezikhethekileyo okanye izibonelelo zorhwebo phantsi kwezivumelwano ezithile okanye izivumelwano. Esinye isatifikethi esibalulekileyo sokuthumela ngaphandle eMoldova sisiqinisekiso seSanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS). Esi satifikethi siqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zezolimo zithobela impilo kunye nemigaqo yokhuseleko enxulumene nempilo yezilwanyana, impilo yezityalo, ukhuseleko lokutya, kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho. Iqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zikhuselekile ukuba zingasetyenziswa kwaye azibeki mngcipheko kwimpilo yabantu okanye yezilwanyana. Ukongeza, amanye amashishini afuna izatifikethi ezikhethekileyo ngokuxhomekeke kubume bawo. Umzekelo, abavelisi beemveliso zendalo kufuneka bafumane iSatifikethi se-Organic kumaqumrhu agunyazisiweyo ukubonisa ukuthotyelwa kweendlela zokulima eziphilayo. Ngokufanayo, abavelisi bempahla elukiweyo banokufuna isatifikethi se-Oeko-Tex Standard 100 semathiriyeli elukiweyo engenazinto eziyingozi. Ukufumana ezi ziqinisekiso eMoldova, abathumeli bangaphandle kufuneka babambelele kwiinkqubo ezithile ezichazwe ngabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo njengoMphathiswa wezoQoqosho okanye i-Arhente yeSizwe yoMgangatho kunye neMetrology (MOLDAC). Ezi nkqubo zihlala zibandakanya ukungenisa amaxwebhu ayimfuneko, ukuhlangabezana nemigaqo yokufaneleka, ukuhlawula imirhumo efanelekileyo, ukuhlolwa okanye uphicotho xa kuyimfuneko. Lilonke, ezi ziqinisekiso zokuthumela ngaphandle zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni uqinisekiso lomgangatho wemveliso ngelixa kusenziwa amathuba okufikelela kwimarike kubathengisi bangaphandle baseMoldova kwihlabathi liphela.

IMoldova lilizwe elivaliweyo elikwiMpuma Yurophu. Nangona incinci ngokwentelekiso, iMoldova izidla ngokuba neziseko zolungiselelo eziphuhliswe kakuhle ezivumela ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngokufanelekileyo ekhaya nakumazwe ngamazwe. Xa kufikwa kumalungiselelo asekhaya, iMoldova inothungelwano olubanzi lweendlela kunye noololiwe abadibanisa izixeko ezikhulu kunye namaziko emizi-mveliso. Ilizwe lityale imali kakhulu ekuphuculeni iziseko zalo zezothutho kule minyaka idlulileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kuthutho olungenamagingxi-gingxi kwilizwe lonke. Kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, iMoldova iyazuza kwindawo ekuyo phakathi kweRomania neUkraine. Esi sikhundla sinika ukufikelela lula kwiimarike zaseYurophu kunye nezo zazikwiSoviet Union yangaphambili. Iindawo eziphambili zothutho kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ziquka iSikhululo seenqwelomoya saseChisinau, iSibuko saMazwe ngaMazwe saseGiurgiulesti, iSikhululo seenqwelomoya saseTransnistria iTiraspol, kunye nemida eyahlukeneyo yokunqumla imida. Ukuququzelela ukuthunyelwa kwenqanawa kumazwe ngamazwe, iinkampani ezininzi zolungiselelo zisebenza ngaphakathi eMoldova zibonelela ngoluhlu lweenkonzo ezinjengokuthumela imithwalo, ukukhutshwa kwempahla, indawo yokugcina impahla, kunye neenkonzo zokusasaza. Abanye ababoneleli bezinto ezibonakalayo baquka i-DHL Express Moldova kunye ne-TNT Express kwiHlabathi liphela. Ukongeza, iMoldova yinxalenye yamanyathelo ohlanganiso ohlukeneyo engingqi ajolise ekwandiseni amandla ayo olungiselelo. Umzekelo, lilungu leSivumelwano soRhwebo oluKhululwa kuMbindi Yurophu (CEFTA) ekhuthaza intsebenziswano enqumla imida kwaye iququzelela ukuhamba lula kweempahla ngaphakathi kommandla. Ngokweengcebiso zokukhetha umboneleli wolungiselelo eMoldova: 1. Qwalasela amava abo: Khangela iinkampani ezinerekhodi eqinisekisiweyo yokuphatha ukuthunyelwa okanye ukusuka eMoldova. 2. Jonga uthungelwano lwabo: Qinisekisa ukuba banxibelelana kakuhle namaqabane athembekileyo kwihlabathi jikelele ukulungiselela izithuthi ezingenamthungo. 3. Vavanya iinkonzo zabo: Phonononga ukuba zeziphi iinkonzo abazinikezelayo - ukusuka kuthutho ngenqwelomoya ukuya elwandle - kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho ezithile. 4. Qinisekisa iilayisensi zabo: Qinisekisa ukuba banazo zonke iimvume/ielayisenisi eziyimfuneko ngoogunyaziwe bengingqi. 5. Funda uphononongo lwabathengi: Jonga uphononongo lwe-intanethi okanye ucele iireferensi ukulinganisa ukuthembeka kwabo. 6. Thelekisa amaxabiso: Cela iingcaphuno kubaboneleli abaninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana amaxabiso akhuphisanayo ngaphandle kokuthomalalisa umgangatho. 7. Ukuvavanya iteknoloji kunye nobuchule bokulandelela: Khangela iinkampani ezinikezela ngokulandelelana kwexesha langempela kunye nezinye iinkonzo zedijithali ukuphucula ukubonakala nokusebenza kakuhle. Lilonke, iMoldova ibonelela ngesiseko esomeleleyo solungiselelo oluxhasa ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngokufanelekileyo ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngokukhetha umboneleli wolungiselelo olufanelekileyo kunye nokuqwalasela ezi ngcebiso, amashishini anokuzuza kwizinto eziluncedo zelizwe.

Imiboniso yorhwebo ebalulekileyo

IMoldova, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabliki yaseMoldova, lilizwe elivaliweyo eMpuma Yurophu. Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo obuncinci kunye nokuzimela okuncinci ngokwentelekiso (ifumene inkululeko ngowe-1991), iMoldova inamajelo abalulekileyo okuthenga amazwe ngamazwe kunye nemiboniso yorhwebo. Enye yeendlela eziphambili zokuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe eMoldova yiManyano yaseYurophu (EU). Ukususela ekutyikityeni iSivumelwano soMbutho kunye ne-EU kwi-2014, i-Moldova iye yazuza kwizivumelwano zorhwebo zamahhala kunye namazwe angamalungu e-EU. Oku kuye kwavumela iimveliso zaseMoldova ukuba zifikelele kwimarike enkulu kwaye zitsale abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abasuka kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Elinye ijelo lokuthenga elibalulekileyo kumazwe angabamelwane afana neRomania neUkraine. La mazwe anobudlelwane bezoqoqosho bexesha elide neMoldova, nto leyo ewenza abe ziimarike ezibalulekileyo zokuthunyelwa kweMoldova kumazwe angaphandle. Abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe badla ngokuya kwimiboniso yorhwebo kunye nemiboniso kula mazwe ukuze bafumane iimpahla ezivela eMoldova. Ngokubhekiselele kwimiboniso yorhwebo kunye nemiboniso ebanjwe ngokukodwa eMoldova, kukho iziganeko ezininzi eziphawulekayo: 1. Made In Molodva Expo: Lo mboniso wonyaka ubonisa uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso ezenziwe ngamashishini asekuhlaleni kuwo wonke amacandelo ahlukeneyo afana nokutya neziselo, amalaphu, oomatshini, njl. njl. Utsala abathengi basekhaya nabamazwe ngamazwe abafuna ukufumana iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngokuthe ngqo evela kubenzi baseMoldova. 2. IWayini yeeNtsuku zoRhwebo zaseMoldova: Njengomnye wabavelisi bewayini abakhulu eMpuma Yurophu, ukuthunyelwa kwewayini kwamanye amazwe licandelo elibalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseMoldova. Umnyhadala weeNtsuku zoRhwebo zeWayini yaseMoldowna udibanisa abenzi bewayini balapha ekhaya kunye neengcaphephe zeshishini langaphandle kunye nabathengi abanomdla wokufumana iwayini ekhethekileyo eveliswa ziidiliya ezahlukeneyo kwilizwe liphela. 3.Moldagrotech: Njengoko ezolimo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwangomso, icandelo labatyali-zimali eliphambili kwihlabathi liphela libonisa inkqubela phambili yabo kulo msitho. Lo mboniso awubonisi nje izinto ezintsha kodwa namaqonga apho abachaphazelekayo banokusebenzisana kunye nokukhuthaza ubudlelwane borhwebo. Unceda amafama ukuba atyhileke itekhnoloji yeli xesha ye-antd dynamics yemarike eyenza ukuba ibe yala maxesha Ezinye iziganeko eziphawulekayo ziquka i-TechExpo - ukubonisa ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe; UMboniso weFashoni – ugxile kubayili befashoni baseMoldova; UMboniso woKhenketho waMazwe ngaMazwe – uphakamisa ilifa lenkcubeko elityebileyo laseMoldova kunye neendawo zokukhenketha. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngenxa yobhubhani we-COVID-19 oqhubekayo, eminye imisitho isenokuba yamiswa okanye yahanjiswa kwi-intanethi. Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ujonge uhlaziyo lwamva nje kwezi ziganeko ngaphambi kokucwangcisa naziphi na iihambo zokuthenga okanye ukuya kwimiboniso yorhwebo. Ngokubanzi, nangona ubukhulu bayo buncinci, iMoldova ikwazile ukuseka amajelo abalulekileyo okuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe ngokunxulumana ne-EU kunye namazwe angabamelwane. Ukongezelela, iMoldova ibamba imiboniso eyahlukeneyo yorhwebo kunye nemiboniso ebonisa imizi-mveliso eyahlukahlukeneyo, inika amathuba abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuba bahlolisise baze babandakanyeke kushishino neenkampani zaseMoldova.

Iinjini zokukhangela eziqhelekileyo

IMoldova, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseMoldova, lilizwe elikwiMpuma Yurophu. Nazi ezinye iinjini zokukhangela eziqhele ukusetyenziswa eMoldova kunye neeURL zewebhusayithi yazo: 1. UGoogle (https://www.google.md) - UGoogle yeyona njini yokukhangela idumileyo kwihlabathi kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu naseMoldova. Ibonelela ngamava okukhangela abanzi kwaye ibonelela ngeziphumo ezivela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo kubandakanya amaphepha ewebhu, imifanekiso, iividiyo, iindaba, kunye nokunye. 2. Yandex (https://yandex.md) - I-Yandex yinjini yokukhangela yaseRashiya esekwe ethandwa kakhulu eMoldova. Ibonelela ngeziphumo zophando ezifanelekileyo kunye neenkonzo ezongezelelweyo ezifana ne-imeyile, iimephu, isixhobo sokuguqulela, njl. 3. I-Bing (https://www.bing.com) - I-Bing yinjini yokukhangela ye-Microsoft enika amandla okukhangela kwiwebhu afana noGoogle. Nangona ingasetyenziswanga ngokubanzi njengoGoogle okanye iYandex eMoldova, isabonelela ngeziphumo ezichanekileyo kwimibuzo eyahlukeneyo. 4. Ukukhangela kwe-Mail.Ru (https://go.mail.ru/search) - I-Mail.Ru Ukukhangela enye injini eyaziwayo yaseRashiya esetyenziswa ngabantu baseMoldova. Kanye kunye neempawu zokukhangela rhoqo kwiwebhu, ikwadibanisa nezinye iinkonzo ezibonelelwa yi-Mail.Ru njenge-imeyile kunye neenethiwekhi zentlalo. 5. I-DuckDuckGo (https://duckduckgo.com) -I-DuckDuckGo yinjini yokukhangela egxile kubucala engalandeli imisebenzi yabasebenzisi kwi-intanethi okanye ibonise iintengiso ezenzelwe wena ngokusekelwe kwidatha yomsebenzisi. Nangona ingasetyenziswanga kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinjini zokukhangela eziphambili ezikhankanywe ngasentla, iyabhenela kubasebenzisi abaxhalabele ubumfihlo. Ezi zezinye zeenjini zokukhangela eziqhele ukusetyenziswa eMoldova kunye nee-URL zabo zewebhusayithi apho unokufikelela kuzo ngophendlo lwakho okanye iimfuno zolwazi.

Amaphepha amakhulu atyheli

EMoldova, uvimba weefayili osisiseko wamashishini kunye neenkonzo ezinamaphepha atyheli yiYellowPages.md. Le portal ye-intanethi inikezela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini kunye namacandelo akhoyo kweli lizwe. Isebenza njengesixhobo esiluncedo kubantu abafuna ukufumana iinkampani ezithile, iimveliso, okanye iinkonzo. I-YellowPages.md inikezela ngeqonga lokukhangela ekulula ukulisebenzisa elivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bahambe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo njengendawo yokuhlala, iindawo zokutyela, iinkonzo zeemoto, izibonelelo zempilo, amaziko emfundo, imibutho yezemali, iinkampani zokwakha, kunye nokunye. Iwebhusayithi inikezela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neshishini ngalinye elidwelisiweyo okanye inkonzo ebandakanya iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano (iinombolo zefowuni kunye needilesi ze-imeyile), indawo ekwimephu enesici esisebenzisanayo, iilinki zewebhusayithi (ukuba zikhona), kunye nophononongo lwabathengi. Ngaphandle kweYellowPages.md, omnye umthombo othembekileyo wokufumana amashishini eMoldova reco.md. I-Reco imele "iNtsebenziswano yoQoqosho yeNgingqi" kwaye isebenza njengothungelwano olubanzi lolawulo lweshishini olugubungela amazwe aliqela kubandakanya iMoldova. Iququzelela ukubonakala okungcono kumashishini asekhaya ngokuthengisa iimveliso okanye iinkonzo zabo kubo bobabini abathengi belizwe kunye nabamazwe ngamazwe. I-Reco.md yenza ukuba abasebenzisi bakhangele amaziko ohlukeneyo asekwe kwicandelo loshishino okanye indawo yejografi eMoldova. Ikwabonisa inkqubo yobhaliso eyenziwe lula evumela iinkampani ukuba zenze ezazo iiprofayili ezineenkcukacha ezibalulekileyo njengeenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano kunye neenkcazo zemisebenzi yazo. La maqonga mabini abonelela ngezixhobo ezixabisekileyo kubahlali okanye iindwendwe ezifuna ukufumana amashishini ahlukeneyo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo kwizixeko nakwimimandla yaseMoldova. Ngonxibelelwano lwabo olusebenziseka lula kunye nogcino-lwazi olubanzi loluhlu lweenkampani kumxholo wamaphepha atyheli welizwe; ezi webhusayithi zizixhobo ezixabisekileyo ezibumba imihlaba yeshishini lendawo ngokudibanisa abathengi kunye nababoneleli benkonzo abafanelekileyo ngokucofa nje kude.

Amaqonga amakhulu orhwebo

IMoldova, ilizwe elincinci laseMpuma Yurophu, ibone ukukhula okubonakalayo kumaqonga e-e-commerce kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Nanga amanye amaqonga e-e-commerce aphambili eMoldova kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. ILalafo (www.lalafo.md): ILalafo yenye yeemarike eziphambili ze-intanethi eMoldova. Ivumela abantu kunye namashishini ukuba bathengise iimveliso ezintsha okanye ezisetyenzisiweyo kuzo zonke iindidi ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-electronics, ifashoni, i-real estate, izithuthi, kunye nokunye. 2. 999.md (www.999.md): 999.md yenye indawo yentengiso ye-intanethi eyaziwayo eMoldova enikezela ngeemveliso ezininzi kunye neenkonzo zabathengi kunye nabathengisi ngokufanayo. Ibonisa iindidi ezifana ne-elektroniki, impahla, izinto zendlu, imisebenzi, iipropathi, kunye nokunye okuninzi. 3. I-AlegeProdus (www.AlegeProdus.com): I-AlegeProdus liqonga lokuthenga elikwi-intanethi apho abathengi banokufumana iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso kubathengisi abaninzi basekuhlaleni. Inika iindidi ezifana nezixhobo kunye nombane; ifashoni; ubuhle & nempilo; ikhaya & igadi; izinto zomntwana & zabantwana; iimpahla zemidlalo; izixhobo zemoto; iincwadi kunye nokunye. 4. I-B2Bdoc (b2bdoc.com): I-B2Bdoc liqonga le-e-commerce eligxile kwishishini-ukuya-kwishishini ngaphakathi kwimarike yaseMoldova. Idibanisa ababoneleli kunye namashishini ajonge ukuthenga izinto ekrwada okanye iimveliso zehoseyile ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo. I-5.CityOnline (cityonline.md): I-CityOnline yivenkile ye-intanethi apho abathengi banokufumana ukhetho oluninzi lweemveliso ukusuka kwii-smartphones ukuya kwizinto zombane kunye nezinye izinto zasekhaya. I-6.Unishop (unishop.md ): I-Unishop yiwebhusayithi ye-e-commerce ekhethekileyo ekuthengiseni izinto ezahlukeneyo zabathengi ezifana ne-electronics , izixhobo zasekhaya , amathoyizi abantwana , izixhobo zemidlalo , imveliso yokunakekelwa kobuhle njl. La ngamanye amaqonga amakhulu e-e-commerce akhoyo eMoldova okwangoku anika abathengi ukufikelela ngokulula kuluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kuzo zonke iindidi ezahlukeneyo.

Amaqonga amakhulu eendaba zoluntu

IMoldova, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseMoldova, lilizwe elincinane elivaliweyo elikwiMpuma Yurophu. Nangona incinci kakhulu kunye nabemi bayo, iMoldova inendawo yemidiya yoluntu enomdla kwizinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nokubalwa kwabantu. Nanga amanye amaqonga eendaba ezentlalo athandwayo asetyenziswa eMoldova kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. Facebook (https://www.facebook.com) - UFacebook uthandwa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye usetyenziswa ngokubanzi eMoldova. Ibonelela ngeempawu ezahlukeneyo ezifana neeprofayili zobuqu, amaphepha amashishini kunye nemibutho, amaqela anomdla okwabelwana ngawo, iinkonzo zemiyalezo, kunye neendaba zeendaba. 2. I-Odnoklassniki (https://ok.ru/) - I-Odnoklassniki yi-platform ye-social networking yaseRashiya eye yafumana ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kweMoldovans. Ijolise ekudibaniseni abantu nabafunda nabo abadala okanye abahlobo abavela esikolweni okanye eyunivesithi. 3. I-Instagram (https://www.instagram.com) - I-Instagram yifoto kunye neqonga lokwabelana ngevidiyo apho abasebenzisi banokulayisha imifanekiso okanye iividiyo ezimfutshane kunye namagama-ncazo okanye ii-hashtag zokwabelana nabalandeli babo. 4. Twitter (https://twitter.com) - Twitter ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthumela imiyalezo emifutshane ebizwa ngokuba "tweets" ukuya kutsho 280 oonobumba. Abantu banokulandela iiakhawunti zabo ukuze babone iitweets zabo kumgca wexesha labo. 5. I-VKontakte (VK) (https://vk.com/) - I-VKontakte, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-VK, yenye yezona ndawo zikhulu ze-intanethi ze-intanethi zaseYurophu ezifana ne-Facebook kodwa zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi abathetha isiRashiya. 6. I-Telegram (https://telegram.org/) - I-Telegram yi-app yemiyalezo esekelwe kwifu egxininisa ubumfihlo kunye neempawu zokhuseleko ezifana ne-encryption ekupheleni kweefowuni zezwi kunye nemiyalezo. 7. I-LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com) - I-LinkedIn igxile ngokuyinhloko kwinethiwekhi yobuchwephesha ngokudibanisa abantu ngabanye ngokusekelwe kwimbali yengqesho kunye neziqinisekiso zobungcali. 8. I-YouTube (https://www.youtube.com) -I-YouTube isebenza njengeqonga lokwabelana ngevidiyo kwi-intanethi apho abasebenzisi banokufaka iividiyo zabo, babukele umxholo owenziwe ngabanye, kwaye basebenzisane ngamagqabantshintshi kunye nokubhaliselwa. 9. I-TikTok ( https://www.tiktok.com ) - I-TikTok liqonga leendaba loluntu elivumela abasebenzisi ukuba benze kwaye babelane ngeevidiyo ezimfutshane ezisetelwe kumculo, ezihlala zinezihluzi okanye iziphumo ezizodwa. La maqonga anika abantu baseMoldova ithuba lokunxibelelana nabahlobo, amalungu osapho, amashishini kunye noluntu kwi-Intanethi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba olu luhlu lunokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko amaqonga amatsha evela okanye asele ekhona aphulukana nokuthandwa.

Imibutho emikhulu yoshishino

EMoldova, kukho imibutho eliqela enkulu yoshishino edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumeleni nasekukhuthazeni umdla wamacandelo ahlukeneyo. Le mibutho ijolise ekukhuthazeni ukukhula, uphuhliso, kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwamashishini abo. Nantsi eminye yemibutho ephambili yoshishino eMoldova: 1. I-Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Republic of Moldova (CCI RM): I-CCI RM ngumbutho obalaseleyo omele umdla wamashishini aseMoldova kuzwelonke nakwihlabathi jikelele. Ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo kumalungu ayo, kubandakanywa ukukhuthazwa kwezorhwebo, ukuhambelana kweshishini, iinkonzo zesiqinisekiso, kunye nokufikelela kulwazi olufanelekileyo. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ithi http://chamber.md/. 2. I-Information Technology & Communications Association (ATIC): I-ATIC igxile ekukhuthazeni ukuphuhliswa nokwandiswa kwecandelo le-IT eMoldova. Ijolise ekonyuseni iteknoloji entsha, ukutsala utyalo-mali, ukuphucula iinkqubo zoqeqesho lwezakhono zedijithali, kunye nokwandisa intsebenziswano phakathi kweenkampani ezisebenza kweli candelo. Iinkcukacha ezingakumbi zinokufumaneka ku-https://www.digitalmoldova.md/en/atic-home/. 3. I-Wine Makers Association (WMA): I-WMA idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni iwayini yaseMoldova ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngokuququzelela imiboniso eyahlukeneyo, ukungcamla, iisemina, njl. Iwebhusayithi yabo esemthethweni ithi http://vinmoldova.md/index.php?pag=Acasa&lang=en. I-4.Union LatexProducers Association: Lo mbutho umele iinkampani ezibandakanyekayo kulawulo lwamasimi erabha kunye nokusetyenzwa kwe-latex kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neemveliso zokhathalelo lwempilo okanye imveliso yemveliso yemveliso. bayayixhasa imisebenzi yoqeqesho lwabasebenzi basekhaya i- anf iphuhlise izivumelwano zentsebenziswano kunye neenkampani zangaphandle ezisebenza kubuchwephesha bokulungisa irabha . Iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe zinokufumaneka ku-http://latexproducers.org/homepage-english/. Le yimizekelo nje embalwa phakathi kweminye imibutho emininzi ethe ngqo kwishishini esebenza kumacandelo ahlukeneyo afana nezolimo (i-National Farmers Federation), ukhenketho (uMbutho woShishino loKhenketho), ulwakhiwo (uMbutho wabaPhuhlisi boKwakha koLuntu), njl. Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba ulwazi olunikeziweyo ngasentla lunokutshintshwa, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba undwendwele iiwebhusayithi ezifanelekileyo ukuze ufumane ulwazi lwangoku kunye nolwazi oluchanekileyo kule mibutho yoshishino eMoldova.

Iiwebhusayithi zeshishini kunye norhwebo

IMoldova lilizwe elincinane elivaliweyo eliseMpuma Yurophu. Nangona ubukhulu bayo, inoqoqosho olukhulayo kunye neewebhusayithi ezininzi ezibonelela ngolwazi malunga nemisebenzi yorhwebo kunye nezoqoqosho. Nazi ezinye zewebhusayithi ezinkulu zoqoqosho kunye nezorhwebo eMoldova, kunye nee-URL zazo: 1. UMphathiswa wezoQoqosho neziSeko ezinguNdoqo: Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeSebe ibonelela ngolwazi ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo, amathuba otyalo-mali, imigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo, kunye neenkqubo zophuhliso lwamashishini eMoldova. I-URL: https://mei.gov.md/en/ 2. I-Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Republic of Moldova (CCIRM): Le webhusayithi ibonelela ngezixhobo kumashishini aquka uhlaziyo lweshishini, uhlaziyo lweendaba, ikhalenda yeziganeko, isikhokelo sotyalo-mali, kunye nedathabheyisi yokuthumela ngaphandle. URL: https://chamber.md/ 3. I-Arhente yokutsalwa koTyalo-mali kunye neNkuthazo yokuThumela ngaphandle (i-MIEPO): I-MIEPO ijolise ekutsaleni utyalo-mali lwangaphandle eMoldova ngokubonelela ngolwazi olufanelekileyo malunga namathuba otyalo-mali kuwo wonke amacandelo ahlukeneyo. I-URL: https://www.investmoldova.md/en 4. Umbutho weSizwe wamaShishini amaNcinci namaPhakathi (NASME): I-NASME imele umdla wamashishini amancinci naphakathi (SMEs) eMoldova ngokuxhasa imigaqo-nkqubo yoshishino encomekayo kunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo zenkxaso. URL: http://www.antem-org.md/eng/index.php 5. IBhunga lezoQoqosho kwiNkulumbuso: Iwebhusayithi ibonelela ngohlaziyo lwemigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho ephunyezwe ngurhulumente ukuxhasa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye neenkcukacha-manani ezinxulumene norhwebo, ukuhamba kotyalo-mali, amazinga engqesho njl. URL: http://consiliere.gov.md/en 6. I-Database ye-Export-Import (COMTRADE.MD): Eli qonga le-intanethi livumela amashishini ukuba afune izibalo zokungenisa-ngaphandle ezinxulumene neendidi ezahlukeneyo njengemveliso okanye amazwe ngaphakathi kwexesha elichaziweyo. URL: https://comtrade.md/en/ 7. I-National Bureau of Statistics (NBS): I-NBS inoxanduva lokuqokelela iinkcukacha-manani malunga nemiba eyahlukeneyo equka ii-akhawunti zelizwe, izalathi zemveliso yezolimo, ukuhamba korhwebo, idemografi, njl. URL: https://statistics.gov.md/?lang=en Ezi webhusayithi zibonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kunye nezibonelelo kumashishini asekhaya nawamazwe ngamazwe anomdla kutyalo-mali, ukurhweba okanye ukusebenzisana neenkampani zaseMoldova. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphonononge ezi webhusayithi ngeenkcukacha kunye nolwazi lwangoku malunga noqoqosho lwaseMoldova kunye nemisebenzi yorhwebo.

Iiwebhusayithi zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo ekhoyo eMoldova. Nazi ezinye zazo kunye needilesi zabo zewebhu: 1. I-Ofisi yeSizwe yeeNkcukacha-manani (i-NBS): I-NBS ibonelela ngolwazi oluthe vetshe ngeenkcukacha-manani zorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe eMoldova. Iwebhusayithi yabo inikezela ngokufikelela kwiidatha ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngokuthumela ngaphandle, ukungenisa elizweni, ibhalansi yorhwebo, kunye nokunye. umthombo: http://statistics.gov.md/ 2. I-Portal yoRhwebo yaseMoldova: Eli qonga le-intanethi linikezela ngolwazi olubanzi olunxulumene norhwebo kwaye liququzelela ukufikelela kumaxwebhu asemthethweni, imimiselo yokungenisa / ukuthumela ngaphandle, iingxelo zohlalutyo lwemarike, kunye neenkcukacha zorhwebo. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: https://www.tradeportal.md/en 3. I-World Integrated Trade Solution (i-WITS): I-WITS liziko ledatha eliphuhliswe yiBhanki yeHlabathi ebonelela ngokufikelela kwiinkcukacha-manani zorhwebo lwentengiso yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezalathi ezifanelekileyo. umthombo: https://wits.worldbank.org/ 4. I-United Nations Comtrade Database: IComtrade yindawo enguvimba weenkcukacha-manani zorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ezisemthethweni ezigcinwe liCandelo leeNkcazo zeZizwe eziManyeneyo. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba baphonononge iinkcukacha zentengiso yokungenisa / ukuthumela idatha yelizwe ngobulumko. umthombo: https://comtrade.un.org/ 5. IMaphu yoRhwebo yeZiko loRhwebo laMazwe ngaMazwe (ITC): Imephu yorhwebo ibonelela abasebenzisi ngolwazi olubanzi lweenkcukacha-manani malunga nokuqukuqela korhwebo lwehlabathi, kubandakanywa ukuthengisa ngaphandle/ukungenisa elizweni laseMoldova kumashishini ahlukeneyo nakwiimarike kwihlabathi jikelele. umthombo: https://www.trademap.org/ Ezi webhusayithi kufuneka zikuncede ufumane idatha efanelekileyo kunye neyomhla nezoqoqosho kunye nezorhwebo ezinxulumene neMoldova ngokuphonononga iinkcukacha zabo okanye ukusebenzisa imisebenzi yokukhangela enikezelwe kula maqonga. Qaphela ukuba ukufikelela kwiifitsha ezithile okanye ukufumana iingxelo ezineenkcukacha ezithile kunokufuna ubhaliso okanye umrhumo kwezinye iimeko.

amaqonga B2b

IMoldova lilizwe elivaliweyo eliseMpuma Yurophu. Ngelixa ingaziwa ngokubanzi, inamaqonga amaninzi e-B2B abonelela amashishini ngaphakathi elizweni. Nantsi imizekelo embalwa: 1. BizBuySell Moldova (https://www.bizbuysell.md): Eli qonga ligxile ekuthengeni nasekuthengiseni amashishini eMoldova. Ivumela amashishini ukuba adwelise iminikelo yawo kwaye aqhagamshelane nabathengi okanye abatyali-mali. 2. Uluhlu loShishino lwaseMoldova (https://www.moldovabd.com): Olu luhlu lusebenza njengoluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini ahlukeneyo eMoldova kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Inika iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano, amakhonkco ewebhusayithi, kunye nolunye ulwazi olufanelekileyo kwinkampani nganye edwelisiweyo. 3. I-Tradeford - Indawo yeMarike ye-B2B yaseMoldova (https://moldova.tradeford.com): I-Tradeford liqonga le-B2B lamazwe ngamazwe eliquka icandelo elizinikeleyo lamashishini aseMoldova. Iinkampani zinokwenza iiprofayili, zibonise iimveliso okanye iinkonzo zabo, kwaye ziqhagamshelane nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe okanye amaqabane. 4. AllBiz - Republic of Moldova (https://md.all.biz): AllBiz yindawo yentengiso ekwi-intanethi equka amazwe amaninzi, kuquka neRiphabhlikhi yaseMoldova. Amashishini anokwenza iiprofayili, adwelise iimveliso okanye iinkonzo ezibonelelwayo, kwaye anxibelelane nabathengi abanokubakho okanye amaqabane. 5. I-GlobalTrade.net - Iziko loPhando lweMakethi yeRiphabhlikhi yaseMoldova (https://www.globaltrade.net/market-research/Moldova): I-GlobalTrade.net inikezela ngeziko elithile lophando lwemalike eligxile kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseMoldowa ejolise ngokukodwa kwintsebenziswano phakathi kweshishini kunye neshishini ngaphakathi elizweni. Nceda uqaphele ukuba la maqonga anokuba neengqwalasela kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo; kusoloko kucetyiswa ukuba uphonononge indawo nganye nganye ukuze ubone ukuba yeyiphi eyona ifanele iimfuno zakho njengomsebenzisi ngokweemfuno ezithe ngqo kushishino okanye imisebenzi enqwenelekayo yentengiselwano yeshishini lakho eMoldova.