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Iimarike eziphambili
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Ilizwe jikelele
ICuba, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseCuba, lilizwe lesiqithi elikuLwandle lweCaribbean. Sesona siqithi sikhulu kwiCaribbean kwaye inommandla omalunga ne-110,860 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha. Ilizwe likumazantsi eFlorida eUnited States. ICuba inabemi abamalunga ne-11.3 yezigidi zabantu, nto leyo eyenza ibe lelinye lawona mazwe anabantu abaninzi kwingingqi yeCaribbean. Ikomkhulu kunye nesona sixeko sikhulu yiHavana enendawo yenkcubeko edlamkileyo kunye noyilo lobukoloniyali. Ulwimi olusemthethweni oluthethwa eCuba siSpanish, kwaye imali yayo ibizwa ngokuba yiCuban Peso (CUP). Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimali ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ezisebenza ngaxeshanye: iCuban Convertible Peso (CUC) esetyenziswa ikakhulu ngabakhenkethi kunye namashishini angaphandle. Iyaziwa ngembali yayo etyebileyo kunye nenkcubeko yelifa lenkcubeko, iCuba inomxube weempembelelo ezivela kubantu bomthonyama, i-colonization yaseSpain, izithethe zaseAfrika eziziswe ngamakhoboka, kunye nenkcubeko ye-pop yaseMelika ngenxa yokuba kufuphi ne-United States. Lo mxube udala isazisi esikhethekileyo saseCuba esinokubonwa ngezitayile zomculo ezifana nesalsa kunye nerumba okanye zibonwe ngexesha leminyhadala yemveli efana neCarnival. Uqoqosho lwaseCuba luxhomekeke kakhulu kumashishini afana nezolimo (imveliso yeswekile), iinkonzo zokhenketho, ukuthengisa amayeza kumazwe angaphandle, kunye nemisebenzi yezezimayini ingakumbi yokusulungekisa i-nickel. Ngaphandle kokujongana nemingeni yezoqoqosho ngenxa yezithintelo zorhwebo ezibekwe ziintlanga ezithile ezifana ne-United States amashumi eminyaka aliqela, eli lizwe lisayigcina inkqubo yemfundo yasimahla kuquka neeyunivesithi zemfundo ephakamileyo ngaphandle kweendleko kubafundi, kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo jikelele olufikelelekayo kubo bonke abemi ngaphandle kwentlawulo. Xa kuziwa kwiindawo ezikhangayo zabakhenkethi, iCuba ibonelela ngeelwandle ezicocekileyo ezinamanzi acwenge njengekristale ecaleni konxweme lwayo, izixeko ezizaliswe yimibala-bala yezakhiwo zobukoloniyali ezibandakanya iindawo zeLifa leMveli le-UNESCO njengeOld Havana, amasimi ecuba adume ngokuvelisa iicuba ezidumileyo, iipaki zeSizwe ezibonelela nge-eco-tourism. amathuba, kunye neemoto zakudala zisazulazula ezitalatweni zidala amava azele lulangazelelo. Utyelelo eCuba lubonelela ngamathuba abakhenkethi ukuba baphonononge iindawo zembali, iindawo zomculo, iigalari zobugcisa ezigqwesileyo, iminyhadala yenkcubeko, kunye nemimangaliso yendalo, ngelixa besonwabela ukufudumala kwabantu bayo. kunye nenkcubeko yasekuhlaleni edlamkileyo.
Imali yeSizwe
ICuba lilizwe elikwiCaribbean, kwaye imali yalo esemthethweni yiCuban convertible peso (CUC). Urhulumente waseCuba wazisa iCUC ngowe-1994 ukuba ithathe indawo yokusetyenziswa kweemali zamazwe angaphandle okwakuxhaphakile ngelo xesha. Imali yayisetyenziswa ikakhulu ngabakhenkethi kunye nabangaphandle abandwendwela eCuba. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kukho iimali ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ezijikelezayo ngaphakathi kwelizwe: i-CUC kunye ne-Cuban peso (CUP). Ngelixa zombini zithenda ezisemthethweni, zinexabiso elahlukileyo. I-CUC enye ilingana ne-25 pesos yaseCuba. I-CUC isetyenziswa kakhulu ngabakhenkethi kwiintengiselwano ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokuhlala ehotele, ukutya kwiindawo zokutyela, ukuthenga kwiivenkile eziphezulu, kunye nezinye iinkonzo ezijoliswe kwiindwendwe zamazwe ngamazwe. Inexabiso eliphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nepeso yaseCuba kwaye ixhomekeke ngqo kwidola yaseMelika. Kwelinye icala, abantu balapha ikakhulu basebenzisa i-Cuban pesos kwintengiselwano yabo yemihla ngemihla. Oku kuquka ukuthenga igrosari kwiimarike zasekuhlaleni, ukuhlawula iindleko zokuhamba zikawonke-wonke, okanye ukusebenzisana nabathengisi basesitratweni abathengisa izinto ezixabisa ngemali yasekuhlaleni. Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba kukho izicwangciso eziqhubekayo ngurhulumente waseCuba zokususa le nkqubo yemali-mbini kwaye uye kwinkqubo yemali emanyeneyo. Ngelixa kungekho xesha lithile libekiweyo kolu tshintsho okwangoku, lunokuba nefuthe kubahlali kunye nabakhenkethi abandwendwela eCuba. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, xa usiya eCuba njengomkhenkethi okanye usenza utshintshiselwano lwezemali ngaphakathi elizweni njengondwendwe lwamazwe ngamazwe okanye umhlali wangaphandle, kubalulekile ukuzazi ezi zimali zimbini zahlukeneyo-eyona CUC isetyenziswa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu bamanye amazwe xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenzisa iipesos zalapha ekhaya xa usebenzisana. kunye nabahlali ngokuthenga okanye iinkonzo ezithile.
Imali yokutshintsha
Imali esemthethweni yaseCuba yiCuban Peso (CUP). Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iCuba isebenzisa enye iyunithi yemali, iCuban Convertible Peso (CUC), esetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuthengiselana ngamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokumalunga namaxabiso otshintshiselwano lwezimali zehlabathi ezinkulu ngokuchasene nemali yaseCuba, nceda uqaphele le datha ilandelayo (ukwenzela ireferensi) : - Izinga lotshintshiselwano lwedola yaseMelika kwiPeso eguquguqukayo yaseCuba malunga ne-1 yedola yaseMelika =1 CUC. - Izinga lokutshintshiselwa kwe-euro kwipeso yeCuban eguqulwayo ijikeleze i-1 Euro = 1.18 CUC. - Izinga lotshintshiselwano lweponti yaseBrithani ukuya kwi-peso yeCuban eguqulwayo ijikeleze i-1 pound = 1.31 CUC. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ngenxa yokuguquguquka kweereyithi kunye nomahluko omncinci onokwenzeka phakathi kwamaziko ahlukeneyo emali, le datha ingentla yenzelwe ireferensi kuphela. Ukufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo noluhlaziyiweyo lwezinga lotshintshiselwano, nceda uqhagamshelane nebhanki yakho yasekuhlaleni okanye umboneleli wenkonzo ye-forex.
Iiholide ezibalulekileyo
ICuba, ilizwe elidlamkileyo ngokwenkcubeko kwiCaribbean, libhiyozela inani leeholide ezibalulekileyo unyaka wonke. Le mithendeleko ibonisa imbali etyebileyo, izithethe ezahlukeneyo, nokuzingca kwelizwe laseCuba. Enye yezona holide zibalulekileyo zaseCuba luSuku lweNkululeko ngomhla wama-20 kuMeyi. Olu suku luphawula isikhumbuzo seminyaka yokuba iCuba yafumana inkululeko kwiSpain ngo-1902. Le mibhiyozo iquka iiparade, iimidlalo zomculo ezibonisa iintlobo zomculo wesintu waseCuba ezifana nesalsa kunye nonyana, kunye nemiboniso yomlilo. Sisihlandlo sovuyo apho abantu badibana ukuze bakhumbule inkululeko yesizwe sabo. Omnye umnyhadala obalulekileyo eCuba luSuku lweNguquko ngoJulayi 26. Le holide ikhumbula ukuqala kweCuban Revolution ekhokelwa nguFidel Castro ngo-1953 ngokuchasene nozwilakhe uFulgencio Batista. Imisitho eyahlukeneyo iququzelelwe kwilizwe lonke ukuhlonipha lo msitho wembali, onje ngemiboniso yasemkhosini ebonisa umoya oqinileyo wenguqu waseCuba kunye nemiboniso yenkcubeko eqaqambisa iitalente zobugcisa zalapha. ICarnival ikwayinxalenye yenkcubeko yaseCuba ebhiyozelwa kumaphondo amaninzi ngoJulayi nangoAgasti minyaka le. Imibhiyozo iquka umngcelele wasesitratweni omibalabala oneempahla ezimbejembeje kunye nokudada okukhatshwa ngumculo omyoli nemijuxuzo efana nerumba okanye iconga. ICarnival iquka umoya odlamkileyo wezithethe zaseCuba ngelixa ikhuthaza umanyano phakathi koluntu. Ngaphaya koko, iKrisimesi ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu baseCuba ngenxa yeengcambu zayo zonqulo zidityaniswe namasiko awodwa aphenjelelwa ziinkcubeko zaseAfrika naseCaribbean. Abantu babhiyozela i-Nochebuena (uBubusuku bangaphambi kweKrisimesi) ngesidlo esiquka izitya zesintu ezifana nenyama yehagu egcadiweyo (lechón) ikhatshwa yiyuca con mojo (yuca nesosi yegalikhi). Iintsapho ziyahlanganisana kwiMisa yasezinzulwini zobusuku elandelwa yimisitho yolonwabo kuquka nemidlalo yomculo ebonisa umoya wovuyo weKrismesi. Ezinye iiholide eziphawulekayo ziquka uSuku loNyaka oMtsha (ngoJanuwari 1), uSuku lomSebenzi (ngoMeyi 1), uSuku loLoyiso (ngoJanuwari 2), phakathi kwezinye ezibhiyozelwa kwilizwe lonke okanye kwingingqi. Le minyhadala ayisebenzi nje kuphela njengamathuba kubantu baseCuba ukuba baveze ilifa labo lenkcubeko kodwa itsala abakhenkethi abafuna amava anzulu kwizithethe zesizwe. Iiholide ezibalulekileyo zaseCuba zibonisa imbali yelizwe etyebileyo, ukomelela, kunye nomoya wothando oqhubekayo nokukhuthaza abantu balo.
Imeko yoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle
ICuba lilizwe elikummandla weCaribbean, elaziwa ngenkqubo yalo ekhethekileyo yezopolitiko nezoqoqosho. Ilizwe lijongene nemingeni eyahlukahlukeneyo enxulumene norhwebo ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo yesocialist kunye nobudlelwane bembali namanye amazwe. Elona qabane liphambili lorhwebelwano laseCuba yiVenezuela, ethatha isahlulo esibalulekileyo sezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle nezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, ukungazinzi okuqhubekayo kwezopolitiko noqoqosho eVenezuela kuye kwachaphazela ubudlelwane bezorhwebo baseCuba kunye neli qabane liphambili. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iCuba ibigxile ekwahlukaneni kwamaqabane ayo orhwebo ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuthembela kwilizwe elinye. Iye yawomeleza amakhonkco ezorhwebo namazwe anjengeTshayina, iRashiya, iSpeyin, iKhanada, iMexico, iBrazil, neVietnam. Ezi zizwe zibe yimithombo ebalulekileyo kutyalo-mali lwangaphandle kunye nobuchwephesha kuqoqosho lwaseCuba. I-Cuba ithengisa kakhulu iimveliso ezifana ne-nickel ores kunye ne-concentrates, iimveliso zecuba (ngokukodwa iisiga), iimveliso zonyango (kuquka amayeza), iimveliso zeswekile (ezifana ne-molasses kunye neswekile ekrwada), ukutya kwaselwandle (okufana neentlanzi zentlanzi), iziqhamo ze-citrus (ezifana ne-orenji), iimbotyi zekofu, irum, ubusi, phakathi kwabanye. Oku kuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kunceda ekuveliseni ingeniso yelizwe. Kwelinye icala, iCuba ithembele kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle ukuze ihlangabezane nemfuno yangaphakathi yempahla eyimfuneko engakwaziyo ukuyivelisa apha ekhaya. Ezi ziquka iimveliso zepetroleum, ezivumela ukuba zibekho ngezivumelwano neVenezuela, kunye nezinto zokutya ezifana nengqolowa, umbona, ubisi kunye neembotyi zesoya. zibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemveliso yezolimo ebangelwa zizinto ezifana neendlela zokulima eziphelelwe lixesha, ukunqongophala kwezixhobo, amafama ambalwa, kunye neentlekele zendalo ezichaphazela izityalo. Ngokwandisa uhlaziyo lwezolimo, iCuba ijolise ekunciphiseni ukuxhomekeka ekuthengeni ukutya kwamanye amazwe ekuhambeni kwexesha. Izohlwayo zase-US ezibekwe phantsi koMthetho we-Helms-Burton, iimpahla zaseCuba azikwazi ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwiimarike zase-US, okukhokelela kumathuba alinganiselweyo. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwayo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kuhlala kuthintelekile ngenxa yezi zithintelo. Ukuqukumbela, iCuba ijongene nemingeni emininzi enxulumene norhwebo kodwa yenza iinzame zokohlula ubuhlakani bayo. Abasemagunyeni baseCuba bayaqhubeka nokusebenza ekwandiseni amashishini abo athumela ngaphandle ngelixa bephuhlisa icandelo lezolimo lelizwe ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka ekuthengeni impahla ngaphandle.
Uphuhliso lweMakethi olunokubakho
ICuba, ekwiCaribbean, inamandla abonakalayo ophuhliso lwentengiso kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngemeko yayo ekhethekileyo yezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho, iCuba ibonelela ngoluhlu lwamathuba kubatyali-zimali bangaphandle kunye nabathumela ngaphandle. Okokuqala, iCuba inendawo ecwangcisiweyo yejografi phakathi koMntla Merika kunye neLatin America. Oku kuyenza ibe liziko lorhwebo phakathi kwale mimandla. Amazibuko elizwe adityaniswe kakuhle abonelela ngokufikelela ngokulula kuzo zombini eMelika naseYurophu, eququzelela urhwebo neemarike ezininzi. Okwesibini, iCuba inobutyebi bendalo obutyebileyo njengenickel, iswekile, icuba, ikofu, kunye nokutya kwaselwandle. Ezi zixhobo zinokuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zehlabathi. Umzekelo, iicuba zaseCuba zifunwa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yomgangatho kunye nobuchule bazo. Okwesithathu, iCuba iqhayisa ngabasebenzi abanezakhono abanobuchule kumacandelo ahlukeneyo abandakanya iinkonzo zempilo kunye ne-biotechnology. Iingcali zonyango zelizwe ziye zafumana ukuqondwa kwihlabathi jikelele ngobungcali babo. Njengoko imfuno yeenkonzo zempilo ezikumgangatho ophezulu iqhubeka nokunyuka kwihlabathi jikelele, iCuba inokuhlola ukuthumela ngaphandle ubuchwephesha bayo bezonyango ngokusebenzisana okanye ukuseka iikliniki zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphezu koko, Ishishini lezokhenketho laseCuba likhula ngokukhawuleza ukusukela oko kuqhelekile ubudlelwane ne-United States kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ukwanda kokufika kwabakhenkethi kunika ithuba kumashishini angaphandle ukuba atyale imali kwiihotele, iindawo zokutyela, kunye neenkonzo zothutho. Amashishini anxulumene nokhenketho anika amandla amakhulu okukhula njengoko iindwendwe ezininzi ezivela kwihlabathi liphela zifumanisa ukuba iCuba inokunikela ngantoni. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba nangona le mingeni inokubakho ikhona ngenxa kwezinye izinto ezifana nofikelelo olulinganiselweyo kuncedo lwetyala, iinkqubo zamalungelo epropathi ezixubeneyo, kunye nolawulo lwaseburhulumenteni. Le miqobo kufuneka isonjululwe ngabo bobabini abasemagunyeni baseCuba abakhuthaza uhlaziyo kunye namaqabane angaphandle anokubakho atyala imali kule marike. Ukuqukumbela, izibonelelo zendalo ezahlukeneyo zaseCuba, indawo ecwangcisiweyo, ishishini lokhenketho elomeleleyo, kunye nabasebenzi abanezakhono babonisa isakhono esibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwemarike.Nangona kunjalo, ibalulekile ukuze amaqela anomdla aqonde ngokupheleleyo Inkcubeko yaseCuba, imigaqo-nkqubo, kunye nemimiselo ngaphambi kokungena kumashishini. Njengoko uhlaziyo oluqhubekayo luqhubeka, ilizwe linesithembiso njengemarike esakhulayo enamathuba orhwebo notyalo-mali.
Iimveliso ezishushu ezithengiswayo kwimarike
Ukukhetha iimveliso ezithengiswa ngokushushu kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseCuba kufuna uphando lwemalike ngononophelo nokuqonda iimeko zoqoqosho lwelizwe. Nazi ezinye izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha iimveliso zentengiso yaseCuba: 1. Izithintelo zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe: Qonda imigaqo kunye nezithintelo zaseCuba ukuphepha ukukhetha iimveliso ezinokujongana nemiqobo okanye iirhafu eziphezulu. Gxininisa kwiimpahla ezifunwayo kwaye zinezithintelo ezimbalwa. 2. Iipateni zokusetyenziswa: Hlalutya imikhwa yokusetyenziswa kwabantu baseCuba ukuchonga iindidi zeemveliso ezinemfuno ephezulu. Qwalasela izinto eziyimfuneko ezinjengokutya, impahla, amayeza, kunye nombane wabathengi. 3. Inkcubeko ekhethwayo: Hlonipha inkcubeko yaseCuba kunye noluntu ngokunikezela ngeemveliso ezihambelana nezinto abazithandayo. Qwalasela indlela abawuthanda ngayo umculo, ubugcisa, izixhobo zemidlalo, ubugcisa besintu, iisiga nerum. 4. Ubuchwepheshe bamandla ahlaziyekayo: I-Cuba itshintshela kwimithombo yamandla acocekileyo ngenxa yokuzinikela ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Phonononga amathuba kubuchwephesha bamandla ahlaziyekayo afana neepaneli zelanga okanye iiinjini zomoya. I-5.Isixhobo soqhagamshelwano lwe-Intanethi: Njengoko ukufikelela kwi-intanethi kwanda eCuba, kukho imfuno ekhulayo yezixhobo ezifana nee-smartphones, iipilisi, iirutha/iimodemu okanye izincedisi ezinxulumeneyo. 6.Iimveliso ezinobuhlobo kwindalo: Ngokunyuka kolwazi lokusingqongileyo kwihlabathi jikelele, abantu baseCuba bakwaxabisa izinto ezilungele i-eco-friendly kubandakanya izinto zokupakisha ezinokubola, iimpahla zakudala, ikofu yorhwebo okanye imveliso yezinto eziphilayo. 7.Izixhobo zokhathalelo lwempilo/ubonelelo: Icandelo lokhathalelo lwempilo lihlala lifuna izixhobo zonyango ezinje ngeemaski, iigloves, izixhobo zokuzikhusela (ingakumbi ngexesha lobhubhani), amayeza, izixhobo zokuxilonga, iibhedi zasesibhedlele, kunye nezixhobo zonyango. 8.Ukwahluka kwemveliso yezolimo kumazwe angaphandle: ICuba ixhomekeke kakhulu ekungeniseni impahla yezolimo efana nerayisi, ingqolowa, iilentile, umbona, amazimba njalo njalo. 9. Izixhobo zemfundo: ICuba ibeka imfundo ebaluleke kakhulu. Izixhobo zokufunda ezijolise kuzo ezifana neencwadi zokufunda, iilaptops/izixhobo zokuncedisa ukufunda, izixhobo zeklasi, izixhobo zokufunda zedijithali njl.njl.ukuphucula izibonelelo zemfundo. 10.Iimveliso ezinxulumene nokhenketho:Ishishini lezokhenketho laseCuba likhula ngokukhawuleza.Jonga amathuba ekuboneleleni ngeemveliso ezifanelekileyo ezifana nezincedisi zaselwandle(iimathi zeyoga, iitawuli),izikhumbuzo,imisebenzi yezandla yasekuhlaleni kunye nezinye izinto ezinxulumene nokhenketho. Kubalulekile ukwenza uphando olucokisekileyo lwemalike, ukuseka unxibelelwano oluluqilima lwezoshishino kunye noogxa basekhaya, kunye nokuthobela imigaqo ukuze uphumelele kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseCuba.
Iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboo
ICuba, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseCuba, lilizwe elikhethekileyo elikwiCaribbean. Ineempawu zayo ezahlukeneyo zabathengi kunye nezithethe zenkcubeko ekufuneka iindwendwe zizazi. Xa kuziwa kwiimpawu zabathengi, abantu baseCuba baziwa ngobubele babo kunye nemvelo efudumeleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo banobubele kwaye bamkelekile kubakhenkethi. Abantu baseCuba bayayixabisa imbeko, ngoko kubalulekile ukubulisa abantu ngoncumo nokubonisa intlonelo ngezithethe nezithethe zabo. Uluntu lwaseCuba lubeka ukubaluleka okukhulu kubudlelwane bomntu, obuguqulela kunxibelelwano lwezoshishino ngokunjalo. Ukwakha ukuthembana kunye nokuseka unxibelelwano lomntu ngundoqo xa usebenza nabathengi baseCuba. Ukuthatha ixesha lokuzibandakanya kwintetho encinci ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngemicimbi yeshishini kunokuhamba umgama omde ekwakhiweni kobudlelwane. Nangona kunjalo, kukwabalulekile ukuba wazi ezinye zenkcubeko eCuba. Esinye isithintelo esikhulu sijikeleza iingxoxo zezopolitiko. Njengelizwe lobukomanisi, ukugxekwa koluntu okanye izimvo ezingalunganga ngezopolitiko kunokubonwa njengokungahloniphiyo okanye okukhubekisayo kubantu abaninzi baseCuba. Kungcono ukuphepha ukubandakanyeka kwiingxoxo zezopolitiko ngaphandle kokuba ziqalwe ngabantu basekuhlaleni. Unqulo lukwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkcubeko yaseCuba, ngoko ukuhlonipha iinkolelo zonqulo kubalulekile. Iindwendwe zifanele zilumke zingahleki okanye zingahloneli naluphi na uqheliselo lonqulo oludibana nazo ebudeni bokuhlala kwazo. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba abakhenkethi baseCuba bangagqibi imida xa bejonga iindawo zokuhlala okanye befota abantu ngaphandle kwemvume. Ukuhlonipha ubumfihlo kunye nokufuna imvume ngaphambi kokuthatha imifanekiso yabantu okanye impahla yabo kubonisa indlela efanelekileyo yokuziphatha. Ngamafutshane, ukuqonda ezinye iimpawu eziphambili zabathengi baseCuba kuya kuphucula amava akho ngelixa undwendwela eli lizwe lihle. Ukuba nembeko, ukwakha ubudlelwane bobuqu obusekwe ekuthembeni, ukuphepha iingxoxo zezopolitiko ngaphandle kokuba ziqaliswe ngabemi balapha, ukuhlonipha iinkolelo zonqulo kunye nobumfihlo yiyo yonke imiba ebalulekileyo yokunxibelelana nabathengi baseCuba ngempumelelo.
Inkqubo yolawulo lweCustoms
ICuba lilizwe elikwiCaribbean elaziwa ngenkcubeko yalo ekhethekileyo kunye neelwandle ezimangalisayo. Njengalo naliphi na elinye ilizwe, iCuba ineseti yemimiselo kunye nemithetho yezithethe ekufuneka iindwendwe zithobele xa zingena kwaye ziphuma kweli lizwe. Ekufikeni kwabo eCuba, zonke iindwendwe kufuneka zihambe ngolawulo lokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe. Oku kubandakanya ukunikezela ngencwadana yakho yokundwendwela esebenzayo, i-visa (ukuba iyasebenza), kunye nokuzalisa uxwebhu lokungenela olubonelelwa ngabasemagunyeni. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba incwadana yakho yokundwendwela isemthethweni kangangeenyanga ezintandathu ubuncinci ngaphezu komhla ocetyiweyo wokuhamba ngawo. Imithetho yezithethe eCuba iyakwalela ukuzisa izinto ezithile elizweni okanye ukuzithumela ngaphandle kwemvume. Ezi zinto zithintelweyo ziquka ii-narcotics, imipu kunye neembumbulu, izinto ezingamanyala, iziqhushumbisi, iziqhamo, imifuno, izityalo, izilwanyana okanye iimveliso zazo ngaphandle kwamaxwebhu afanelekileyo asuka kwabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuba uziqhelanise nale miqobo phambi kokuba uhambe ukuthintela naziphi na iingxaki ngexesha lohambo lwakho. ICuba inemimiselo ethile malunga nokungeniswa kwemali. Abatyeleli bavunyelwe ukuzisa isixa esingenamkhawulo semali yamazwe ngamazwe kwilizwe kodwa kufuneka bavakalise nayiphi na imali edlula i-5,000 ye-Cuban convertible pesos (CUC). I-CUC ilingana nexabiso kwi-dollar yase-US kwaye isetyenziswe ngokukodwa ngabakhenkethi ngaphakathi kweCuba. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ungadibanisi i-CUC kunye neCuban pesos (CUP), ezisetyenziswa ikakhulu ngabemi bendawo kwintengiselwano yemihla ngemihla. Ngelixa ukushiya iCuba kusenokungabi ngqongqo njengemigaqo-nkqubo yezithethe zamanye amazwe kwihlabathi liphela, kusabalulekile ukuhlonipha imithetho yabo xa usuka. Ekundulukeni kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya zaseCuba okanye kwizikhululo zolwandle, abahambi banokuphinda bahlolwe ngokwesithethe apho baya kufuna irisithi echaza nakuphi na ukuthenga okwenziweyo ngelixa eCuba ngaphezulu komda obekiweyo obekwe ngumthetho waseCuba. Kusoloko kububulumko kubakhenkethi abandwendwela naliphi na ilizwe lasemzini ukuze baphande kwaye baqonde imithetho yasekuhlaleni phambi kokuba bathabathe uhambo lwabo – inceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo lo gama kuthintelwa iingxaki ezinokuvela ngenxa yokungazi kweenkqubo zezithethe zasekuhlaleni. Ngokuqaphela le mithetho kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba uyayithobela, iindwendwe zinokonwabela amava agudileyo nangenazinkathazo eCuba.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu
ICuba, njengelizwe lobusoshiyali, yamkele umgaqo-nkqubo woluhlu lweerhafu zempahla ephuma kwamanye amazwe. Urhulumente waseCuba ujolise ekukhuseleni imizi-mveliso yasekhaya kunye nokukhuthaza ukuzimela ngokumisela imirhumo ephezulu evela kumazwe angaphandle kwiimpahla ezahlukeneyo. Amaxabiso erhafu yokungenisa elizweni eCuba adla ngokusekwe kwixabiso lempahla ethunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle. Amaxabiso anokwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwemveliso kunye nemvelaphi yayo. Ukongeza, iCuba iphumeze izivumelwano zorhwebo namazwe athile avumela ukuncitshiswa okanye ukungabikho kwemirhumo kwimpahla ethile. I-Cuba irhafisa kakhulu izinto zodidi oluphezulu ezifana ne-elektroniki, iimoto, kunye nempahla yomyili. Ezi zinto zihlala zinentlawulo eyongezelelweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100% okanye ngaphezulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibiza kakhulu kubathengi baseCuba. Iimfuno ezisisiseko ezifana nokutya kunye namayeza zinezinga eliphantsi lomsebenzi njengoko urhulumente ejolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ziyafikeleleka. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zinto ziyimfuneko zixhomekeke kwinqanaba elithile lerhafu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iCuba ikwazise inkuthazo yerhafu ukukhuthaza utyalo-mali kumacandelo athile. Umzekelo, abatyali-zimali bamazwe angaphandle ababandakanyeka kumashishini afana nokhenketho okanye ezolimo banokufumana ikhefu lerhafu okanye iirhafu ezikhethekileyo zokungenisa oomatshini kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumene neeprojekthi zabo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngenxa yenkqubo yezoqoqosho yaseCuba ephawulwa lulawulo lukarhulumente kurhwebo kunye nofikelelo olulinganiselweyo koovimba bemali yangaphandle, kusenokubakho izithintelo ezongezelelweyo kunye nemimiselo echaphazela ukungenisa elizweni ngaphaya kweentlawulo nje. Lilonke, umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu wempahla ethengwayo waseCuba ubonakalisa iinzame zawo zokuzanelisa ngelixa ulungelelanisa imfuno yezinto eziyimfuneko ezivela phesheya.
Iipolisi zerhafu ezithumela ngaphandle
ICuba lilizwe elikummandla weCaribbean, kwaye imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Ukuze kukhuthazwe imizi-mveliso yasekhaya kwaye kugxininiswe kwixabiso elongeziweyo lokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle, iCuba iphumeze imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle. Le migaqo-nkqubo ijolise ekukhuthazeni ukuveliswa nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle eyongeza ixabiso elibalulekileyo kuqoqosho lo gama ingakhuthazi ukuthunyelwa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada kumazwe angaphandle. Omnye umba obalulekileyo womgaqo-nkqubo werhafu ye-Cuba yinkqubo yolwahlulo lwerhafu. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimpahla ezahlukeneyo zixhomekeke kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo erhafu ngokusekelwe kukubaluleka kwazo kwezoqoqosho kunye nokubaluleka kobuchule beCuba. Umzekelo, iimveliso ezinexabiso eliphezulu elongezelelekileyo ezifana namayeza, iimveliso zebhayoloji, kunye neemveliso zepetroleum esulungekileyo zisenokuba phantsi kwerhafu ephantsi okanye zingahlawuliswa ngokupheleleyo. Kwelinye icala, izinto zorhwebo eziphambili okanye imathiriyeli ekrwada njengemveliso yezolimo okanye imithombo yendalo inokujongana nerhafu ephezulu. Esi sicwangciso-qhinga sikhuthaza amashishini asekhaya asetyenziweyo kunye nemveliso ngokuwabonelela ngenzuzo yokhuphiswano ngaphezu kokuthumela imathiriyeli ekrwada ngokuthe ngqo. Ukongeza, iCuba ikwabonelela ngenkuthazo yerhafu kubarhwebi bangaphandle ababandakanyeka kumacandelo athile achongiweyo njengezinto eziphambili ngophuhliso lwesizwe. La macandelo angabandakanya iinkonzo zokhenketho, iinkonzo zonyango ezinikezelwa phesheya ngabasebenzi baseCuba, ukuveliswa kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano, phakathi kwabanye. Ngokubonelela ngezi zibonelelo ezifana nokukhululwa kwirhafu okanye ukunciphisa irhafu kwingeniso eveliswe kula macandelo aphambili kuthunyelo kumazwe angaphandle kutsalela utyalo-mali kwezi ndawo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu yaseCuba yokuthumela ngaphandle ingatshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kwiinjongo zoqoqosho lwesizwe kunye neemeko zemarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Ke ngoko kuyacetyiswa kumashishini anomdla wokuthengisa ngaphandle esuka eCuba ukuba abeke iliso elibukhali kulo naluphi na uhlaziyo okanye utshintsho olwenziwe ngabasemagunyeni baseCuba malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yabo yerhafu. Lilonke, ngenkqubo yalo yokwahluka kwerhafu kunye nenkuthazo eyodwa enikwa amacandelo abalulekileyo abekwe phambili kwiinjongo zophuhliso lwesizwe; I-Cuba ijolise ekudaleni imeko-bume enokhuphiswano ngakumbi yexabiso eliphezulu lokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle ngeli lixa ikhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kuphela okusekelwe kubutyebi.
Iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle
ICuba lilizwe leCaribbean elaziwa ngenkcubeko nembali eyahlukileyo. Xa kuziwa ekuthumeleni iimpahla ngaphandle, iCuba ineemfuno ezithile zesatifikethi ezikhoyo. Okokuqala, bonke abathumeli-mpahla ngaphandle eCuba kufuneka bafumane isiGunyaziso sokuThunyelelwa kweMpahla kwiSebe lezoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle kunye noTyalo-mali. Olu gunyaziso luyafuneka ukuthumela iimpahla ezivela kweli lizwe ngokusemthethweni. Iqinisekisa ukuba zonke izinto ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle zithobela imigaqo nemigangatho yasekhaya. Ukongeza, ukuqinisekiswa kwemveliso ethile kunokuba yimfuneko ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Oku kubandakanya izatifikethi ezinxulumene nempilo, ukhuseleko, umgangatho, kunye nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, iimveliso zezolimo zinokufuna izatifikethi zephytosanitary okanye iziqinisekiso zezinto eziphilayo ukuba ziyasebenza. Ngaphaya koko, abathumeli bangaphandle banokudinga ukuthobela imigaqo yokupakisha ethile xa bethumela iimveliso zabo phesheya. Izinto zokupakisha kufuneka zikhethwe ngononophelo ngokusekelwe kwimigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe yokugcina umgangatho wempahla ngexesha lokuthutha. Abathumeli bangaphandle kufuneka kwakhona baqwalasele ukhuseleko lwepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kwiimveliso zabo phambi kokuba zithunyelwe ngaphandle zisuka eCuba. Kusenokufuneka babhalise amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza okanye iimpawu zorhwebo ezinxulumene neempahla zabo ukuze bathintele ukusetyenziswa okungagunyaziswanga okanye ukwenziwa komgunyathi. Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuba abathengisi bangaphandle eCuba bahlale behlaziyiwe ngalo naluphi na utshintsho kwimimiselo yokuthumela ngaphandle okanye izivumelwano zorhwebo ezinokuchaphazela imisebenzi yabo yoshishino. Ukubonisana rhoqo nemibutho yorhwebo okanye abacebisi bezomthetho kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yangoku. Ukuqukumbela, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle eCuba kubandakanya ukufumana isiGunyaziso sokuThumela ngaphandle kunye nokuthobela iziqinisekiso eziyimfuneko kunye neemfuno zokupakishwa ngokwemigaqo engqamene nemveliso. Ukugcina usexesheni malunga neenguqu kwimithetho yokuthumela ngaphandle kubalulekile kumashishini anempumelelo orhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe aphuma kweli lizwe linemibala yeCaribbean.
Ulungiselelo lolungiselelo olucetyiswayo
ICuba, ilizwe elikwisiqithi seCaribbean elaziwa ngenkcubeko kunye nembali etyebileyo, inika imiceli mngeni ekhethekileyo xa kufikwa kulawulo lwezothutho kunye nokubonelela. Nazi ezinye izindululo zokujonga iMedical Logistics yaseCuba. 1. Amahlakani eLocal Logistics Partners: Ngenxa yeenkqubo zolawulo oluntsonkothileyo eCuba, kuyacetyiswa ukusebenzisana namahlakani olungiselelo asekuhlaleni anamava abalulekileyo okusebenza kweli lizwe. La mahlakani anokubonelela ngezimvo ezixabisekileyo kwimimiselo yasekhaya, unyino lweziseko ezingundoqo, kunye neemeko zenkcubeko ezinokuchaphazela imisebenzi yakho yesixokelelwano sonikezelo. 2. Imiqobo yeziseko zophuhliso: Iziseko zophuhliso zaseCuba bezikade zingaphuhliswanga ngokwembali, nto leyo enokuthi ibangele imingeni ngokubhekiselele kwizibonelelo zothutho nezokugcina. Zilungiselele indawo yokugcina impahla kunye nothungelwano lwezothutho olungathembekanga. Kubalulekile ukucwangcisa kwangaphambili kwaye wenze amalungiselelo kwangethuba ukuze uqinisekise ukuphathwa kakuhle kwempahla yakho. 3. Iinkqubo zeCustoms: Abasemagunyeni eCuba banemimiselo engqongqo malunga nokungenisa kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle. Ziqhelanise nezi nkqubo kwangaphambili okanye ufune uncedo kubarhwebi abanamava okanye abathumeli abanokukunceda ukuba uhambe ngeendlela ezintsonkothileyo zamaphepha kunye neemfuno zamaxwebhu. 4. Ukukhethwa kwePort: Xa uthumela iimpahla ukuya okanye ukusuka eCuba, qwalasela ngokucokisekileyo ukhetho lwamachweba ngokusekelwe ekusondeleni kwimvelaphi / indawo oya kuyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ekuphatheni i-cargo traffic. Amazibuko afana neHavana (elona zibuko likhulu) okanye i-Mariel (i-hub ekhulayo yokuthutha) ibonelela ngeziseko zoncedo ezingcono xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazibuko amancinci. 5. Ugcino olulawulwa ngamaqondo obushushu: Ngenxa yemozulu yetropikhi yaseCuba enamanqanaba aphezulu okufuma, cinga ukusebenzisa izisombululo zokugcina ezilawulwa ngamaqondo obushushu kwizinto ezinokonakala ezifana neemveliso zokutya okanye amayeza ngexesha lokuhamba/ukugcinwa ngaphakathi elizweni. 6. ULawulo lweMpahla: Ngenxa yokungabikho kwempahla kweli lizwe, ukugcinwa kweendlela ezifanelekileyo zokulawula uluhlu lwempahla kuba yimfuneko kumashishini asebenza kwimarike yaseCuba. Yandisa inkqubo yakho yokuthenga ngokuqikelela imfuneko ngokuchanekileyo ngelixa uqwalasela amaxesha aphambili abandakanyekayo ekungeniseni impahla elizweni. 7.Iingqwalasela zezopolitiko/zoQoqosho: Gcina umkhondo walo naluphi na utshintsho lwezopolitiko okanye lwezoqoqosho olunokuthi lube nefuthe kubudlelwane borhwebo phakathi kweCuba namanye amazwe. Ngokomzekelo, ubudlelwane be-US-Cuban bubonise ukuguquguquka kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Hlala unolwazi malunga naziphi na izohlwayo ezihlaziyiweyo okanye imigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo ukulungisa isicwangciso sakho solungiselelo ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuqukumbela, ukusebenza kwindawo yolungiselelo lwaseCuba kufuna ulungiselelo olucokisekileyo nentsebenziswano namahlakani asekuhlaleni anamava. Ngokwenza ingxelo ngeengxaki zeziseko ezingundoqo, iinkqubo zesithethe, iimfuno zolawulo lobushushu, kunye nezinto ze-geopolitical, unokuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kwemisebenzi yakho yokubonelela kweli lizwe likhethekileyo.
Imijelo yophuhliso lwabathengi

Imiboniso yorhwebo ebalulekileyo

ICuba, njengelizwe elinelifa lenkcubeko etyebileyo kunye nendawo enobuchule kwiCaribbean, itsala umdla obalulekileyo wehlabathi ngeemveliso zayo ezizodwa. Ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezibalulekileyo kunye nemiboniso yabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuba bahlolisise kwaye baphuhlise ubudlelwane boshishino. Enye yeendlela eziphambili kubathengi bamazwe aphesheya ukuba banxibelelane nababoneleli baseCuba kungokwenza urhwebo kunye nemisitho yokudibanisa ishishini. La manyathelo aququzelelwa zizo zombini ii-arhente zikarhulumente waseCuba kunye nemibutho yorhwebo lwangaphandle ukuququzelela unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi kwabathengisi kunye nabathengi. Babonelela ngeqonga lokuxoxa ngamathuba entsebenziswano anokubakho, uthethathethwano lwezivumelwano, kunye nokwenza ubudlelwane bexesha elide. Ukongeza, iCuba ithatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso emininzi yezorhwebo yamazwe ngamazwe esebenza njengemiboniso ebalulekileyo yeemveliso zayo: 1. IHavana International Fair (FIHAV): Lo mboniso waminyaka le ngomnye wemiboniso emikhulu yamacandelo amaninzi eCuba, etsala ababonisi abavela kwihlabathi jikelele. Ibandakanya amacandelo ahlukeneyo afana nezolimo, ukulungiswa kokutya, izixhobo zokwakha, ukhathalelo lwezempilo, iinkonzo zokhenketho, iimveliso zobuchwepheshe, kunye nokunye. 2. UMbono wezoKhenketho waMazwe ngaMazwe (FITCuba): Njengoko ukhenketho ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseCuba, lo mboniso ugxile ekukhuthazeni iCuba njengendawo yohambo lo gama ikwaququzelela unxibelelwano lwezoshishino olunxulumene neenkonzo zobubele ezifana neehotele/uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo zeendawo zokuhlala. 3. IHavana International Crafts Fair (Feria Internacional de Artesanía): Lo mboniso uqaqambisa ubugcisa bemveli obuveliswe ngamagcisa anezakhono kulo lonke elaseCuba—iqonga elifanelekileyo labathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna imisebenzi yezandla eyodwa kuquka izinto ezenziwe ngodongwe, amalaphu/imizobo eyenziwe ngezinto zendalo ezifana nomthi okanye ngethwathwa. 4. I-International Book Fair (Feria Internacional del Libro de La Habana): Ngezithethe zayo eziqinileyo zoncwadi ezisekelwe kubabhali abadumileyo abafana no-Ernest Hemingway okanye uJose Martín; lo mboniso ubonelela ngamathuba okuphonononga uncwadi lwaseCuba kunye neengxoxo phakathi kwabashicileli/ababhali kwihlabathi jikelele-kwabo banomdla kushicilelo lweencwadi/kwishishini lorhwebo. Ngaphaya koko, iCuba ikwaphumeze amaqonga e-e-commerce avumela ukuthengiselana nge-intanethi: 1.Binionline.cu: Le website esemthethweni inikezela ngolwazi malunga nempahla / iinkonzo ezikhoyo ezinikezelwa ngabanikezeli beCuba. Abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe banokuphonononga amacandelo ahlukeneyo kwaye baqhagamshelane neenkampani ezahlukeneyo ukuze babuze ngakumbi okanye babeke ii-odolo zokuthenga. 2.Empresas-Cuba.com: Ilawulwa yi-arhente karhulumente yaseCuba, isebenza njengoluhlu lwe-intanethi lwamaqabane anokuba ngamaqabane ezoshishino eCuba. Ibonelela ngeeprofayili ezineenkcukacha zeenkampani kunye nobuchule bazo bokuthumela ngaphandle kunye neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano ukuququzelela unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi kwabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kunye nabathengisi. Ukuqukumbela, iCuba ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezibalulekileyo ezinje ngemishini yorhwebo, imisitho yokwenza umdlalo, kunye nemiboniso ebandakanya iFIHAV, iFITCUba, iHavana International Crafts Fair ukunxibelelana nabathengi bamazwe aphesheya. Ukongeza, amaqonga e-e-commerce aseCuba afana ne-Binionline.cu kunye ne-Empresas-Cuba.com zibonelela ngokulula ngakumbi ukuququzelela unxibelelwano lweshishini ukude. Ukudityaniswa kwezi jelo kubonelela ngamathuba amaninzi kubathengi bamazwe aphesheya ukuba baphonononge iimveliso zaseCuba kumacandelo ahlukeneyo kwaye baseke ubudlelwane obuxabisekileyo kunye nasekhaya. ababoneleli.
Zininzi iinjini zokukhangela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo eCuba. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo kunye needilesi zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-EcuRed (www.ecured.cu): Idalwe ngurhulumente waseCuba, i-EcuRed yi-encyclopedia ye-intanethi efana ne-Wikipedia. Inika ulwazi ngezihloko ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene neCuba kunye nembali yayo. 2. Cubaplus (www.cubaplus.com): Le njini yokukhangela ibonelela ngolwazi ikakhulu malunga nohambo kunye nokhenketho eCuba. Ibandakanya iinkcukacha malunga neehotele, iindawo zokutyela, iindawo ezinomtsalane, kunye nezinye izihloko ezifanelekileyo kubakhenkethi. 3. ICUBADEBATE (www.cubadebate.cu): Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-portal yeendaba yaseCuba eyaziwayo, iCUBADEBATE ibandakanya imicimbi yangoku, ezopolitiko, inkcubeko kunye nezemidlalo eCuba. 4. WEBPAC "Felipe Poey" - Library Universidad de La Habana: Le njini yokukhangela ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafikelele kwikhathalogu yenkqubo yethala leencwadi yeYunivesithi yaseHavana. Inceda abafundi kunye nabaphandi ukuba bafumane iincwadi okanye ezinye izixhobo kwingqokelela yeyunivesithi. 5. I-Infomed (www.sld.cu/sitios/infomed): I-Infomed sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwiingcali zonyango kunye nabaphandi baseCuba njengoko ibonelela ngokufikelela kwiidathabheyisi zoncwadi lwezonyango kunye nolunye ulwazi olunxulumene nezempilo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngenxa yezithintelo ze-Intanethi kunye noqhagamshelo olunyiniweyo eCuba, ukufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezithile ngaphandle kunokuba ngumngeni ngamanye amaxesha. Ukongeza, ukuthembela kwiinjini zokukhangela ezifana neGoogle okanye i-Bing isenokungaxhaphakanga ngenxa yofikelelo lwe-intanethi oluthintelweyo elizweni. Ngokubanzi ezi ziinjini zokukhangela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngabaseCuba ukufikelela kwizibonelelo ezithile ezinxulumene neemfuno zabo ngaphakathi elizweni ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kakhulu kumaqonga aqhelekileyo ehlabathi afana neGoogle okanye iBing.

Amaphepha amakhulu atyheli

ECuba, uvimba oyintloko okanye "amaphepha atyheli" anokufumaneka kwiiwebhusayithi ezininzi. La maqonga e-intanethi asebenza njengezixhobo ezixabisekileyo zokufumana amashishini, iinkonzo, kunye nolwazi loqhagamshelwano. 1. ICuba Yellow Pages (www.cubayellowpages.com): Le webhusayithi ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini kunye neenkonzo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ezifana neendawo zokuhlala, iindawo zokutyela, ezothutho, inkathalo yezempilo, nokunye. Abasebenzisi banokukhangela iintlobo ezithile zamashishini okanye bakhangele kumacandelo ahlukeneyo ukufumana abafowunelwa abafanelekileyo. 2. Paginas Amarillas de Cuba (www.paginasamarillasdecuba.com): Olu luhlu lwe-intanethi lubonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini kumashishini amaninzi eCuba. Abasebenzisi banokujonga iinkampani ezithile ngokufaka amagama angundoqo okanye baphonononge iindidi ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokhenketho, ukwakhiwa, ukuthengisa, kunye nokunye. 3. I-Bineb Yellow Pages Cubano (www.yellow-pages-cubano.com): I-Bineb lolunye uluhlu lwamaphepha atyheli adumileyo anceda abasebenzisi ukukhangela ngokulula amashishini kunye neenkonzo zasekhaya eCuba. Iqonga libonisa i-database ebanzi kunye neendidi ezininzi zeshishini ukwenza lula inkqubo yokukhangela. 4. Directorio de Negocios en la Ciudad de la Habana (Uluhlu lwezoShishino kwisiXeko saseHavana)(www.directorioenlahabana.com): Igxile ngakumbi kuluhlu lwamashishini ommandla weHavana City, le webhusayithi ibonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga neenkampani zasekhaya kumacandelo ahlukeneyo asebenza ngaphakathi kwikomkhulu. isixeko saseCuba. 5. I-Global Links - Izalathiso zeShishini: Ngaphandle kweewebhusayithi ezizinikeleyo zephepha elimthubi laseCuba ezikhankanywe ngasentla; amakhonkco ehlabathi afana neeMaphu zikaGoogle (maps.google.com), Yelp (www.yelp.com), TripAdvisor (www.tripadvisor.com), okanye iFourSquare(4sq.com) ikwabonelela ngolwazi malunga namashishini aseCuba kunye nophononongo oluvela kubathengi. Ezi zikhokelo zibonelela ngeenketho zokucoca iziphumo ezisekelwe kwindawo kunye nokukhethwa kohlobo lwenkonzo ukunceda abasebenzisi ngokufanelekileyo ekufumaneni abafowunelwa abafanelekileyo bezoshishino phakathi kwemimandla eyahlukeneyo yelizwe.

Amaqonga amakhulu orhwebo

ICuba, elilizwe lobusoshiyali elinokufikelela okulinganiselweyo kwi-intanethi, iye yajongana nemiceli mngeni ekuphuhliseni ishishini le-e-commerce elomeleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iiqonga ezimbalwa eziphambili ze-e-commerce ezisebenza kweli lizwe. Nanga amanye amaqonga e-e-commerce aseCuba kunye nee-URL zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. IVenkile ye-OnCuba: Elinye lamaqonga aphambili okuthenga kwi-intanethi eCuba, i-OnCuba Shop ibonelela ngeendidi ngeendidi zeemveliso eziquka i-electronics, impahla, izixhobo zasekhaya, kunye nezinto zokutya. umthombo: https://oncubashop.com/ 2. Ivenkile ye-Intanethi ye-Cimex: Isebenza yi-conglomerate karhulumente ye-CIMEX S.A., i-Cimex Online Store ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bathenge izinto ezahlukeneyo zabathengi ezifana nemveliso yasekhaya, izixhobo zombane kunye nezixhobo zemidlalo. umthombo: https://www.tienda.cu/ 3. I-Ofertones: Le ndawo yentengiso ye-intanethi ijolise ikakhulu ekunikezeni izaphulelo kunye neentengiso kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwizinto zombane ukuya kwizinto zobuhle kunye nempahla yokunxiba. umthombo: http://ofertones.com/ 4. IMarike ECURED (i-Mercado EcuRed): Iqonga elikhulayo le-e-commerce eCuba elidibanisa abathengisi kunye nabathengi kwilizwe lonke kwiindidi zeemveliso ezahlukeneyo ezifana nobugcisa kunye nobugcisa, izixhobo zeteknoloji, izinto zefashoni, njl. .ecured.cu/ Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngelixa la maqonga ekhoyo kwi-e-commerce landscape yaseCuba, anokuba nemida ngenxa yezithintelo ze-intanethi kunye nokufikelela okulinganiselweyo kwiinketho zokuhlawula ezifana namakhadi okuthenga ngetyala okanye iintlawulo zedijithali eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwenye indawo. Nceda ukhumbule ukuba ubukho kunye nokusebenza kwezi webhusayithi kunokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo eziphembelela uphuhliso lweziseko ze-intanethi zaseCuba.

Amaqonga amakhulu eendaba zoluntu

ICuba lilizwe elinokufikelela okulinganiselweyo kwi-intanethi, nto leyo echaphazela ukufumaneka kwamaqonga eendaba ezentlalo. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho iisayithi ezimbalwa ezidumileyo zokunxibelelana nabantu ezinokufikelelwa eCuba. Nazi ezinye zazo: 1. I-Facebook (www.facebook.com): I-Facebook yenye yezona ndawo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimithombo yeendaba yoluntu kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye inokufumaneka eCuba. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba baqhagamshelane nabahlobo kunye nosapho, babelane ngeefoto kunye neevidiyo, bajoyine amaqela, kwaye balandele amaphepha. 2. I-Twitter (www.twitter.com): I-Twitter yi-microblogging platform eyenza abasebenzisi bathumele izinto ezihlaziyiweyo, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-"tweets," kunye nomda woonobumba abangama-280. Iyafikeleleka naseCuba kwaye ibonelela ngendlela yokwabelana ngeendaba, izimvo, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwiincoko. 3. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com): I-Instagram ikakhulu liqonga lokwabelana ngefoto apho abasebenzisi banokulayisha imifanekiso okanye iividiyo ezimfutshane kunye namagama-ncazo. Ifumene ukuthandwa kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye inesiseko sabasebenzisi esisebenzayo eCuba ngokunjalo. 4. I-WhatsApp (www.whatsapp.com): Nangona i-WhatsApp ngokobuchwepheshe ayithathwa njengeqonga losasazo loluntu, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kunxibelelwano ngaphakathi kweCuba ngenxa yesici sayo sokugqibela sokufihla imiyalezo kunye neefowuni zezwi / zevidiyo. 5. ITelegram (www.telegram.org): ITelegram yenye i-app yemiyalezo efana ne-WhatsApp kodwa inikezela ngeempawu eziyimfihlo ezingakumbi njengeengxoxo eziyimfihlo kunye nokugcinwa okusekwe kwilifu lokwabelana ngeefayile phakathi kwabasebenzisi. 6. I-YouTube (www.youtube.com): I-YouTube ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba balayishe kwaye babelane ngeevidiyo kwizihloko ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya iividiyo zomculo, iivlogs, umxholo wezemfundo, njl., okwenza ukuba kufikeleleke kubantu baseCuba abanqwenela ukusebenzisa okanye ukwenza umxholo wevidiyo kwi-intanethi. Nceda uqaphele ukuba le yimizekelo nje yamaqonga eendaba ezentlalo athandwayo afikelelekayo eCuba; nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunciphisa i-intanethi ngaphakathi kwelizwe ukufikelela kunokwahluka ngamanye amaxesha

Imibutho emikhulu yoshishino

ICuba lilizwe elibekwe kwiCaribbean elinoluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwamashishini kunye nemibutho emele amacandelo ahlukeneyo. Nantsi eminye yemibutho ephambili yoshishino eCuba, kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. IQumrhu lezoRhwebo laseCuba (Camara de Comercio de Cuba) - Umbutho oyintloko omele urhwebo norhwebo eCuba. umthombo: http://www.camaracuba.cu/ 2. I-Cuban Association of Economists (Asociación Nacional de Economistas de Cuba) - Imele iingcali zezoqoqosho kwaye ikhuthaza uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho. umthombo: https://www.anec.co.cu/ 3. Umbutho weSizwe wamaFama amaNcinci (Asociación Nacional de Agricultores Pequeños, ANAP) - Umele amafama amancinci kunye nabasebenzi bezolimo. umthombo: http://www.anap.cu/ 4. ICuban Industrial Association (Asociación Industrial de Cuba, AIC) - Ikhuthaza uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso kumacandelo ahlukeneyo afana nelemveliso, ulwakhiwo, ubunjineli. Iwebhusayithi http://aic.cubaindustria.org 5. UMbutho weSizwe wezoKhenketho waseCuba (Instituto Cubano del Turismo, ICT) - Ukhuthaza imisebenzi enxulumene nokhenketho kuquka iihotele, iindawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide, ii-arhente zokuhamba. umthombo: https://www.travel2cuba.eu 6. Imibutho ye-Inshurensi yaseCuba: i) Inkampani ye-Inshurensi yeSizwe yaseCuba (Empresa Cubana Reaseguradora) iwebhusayithi: https://ecudesa.ecured.cu/ECUREDesa/index.php/Empresa_Cubana_Reaseguradora_SA ii) Iqela le-inshorensi ebambeleyo yeNkampani-Cubasiga Iwebhusayithi http://www.gipc.info/info.jsp?infoNo=23085 7. Imanyano yabaseTyhini baseCuba(Federacion De Mujeres Cubanas-FMC)- Imele amalungelo abasetyhini kunye nemiba enxulumene nokulingana ngokwesini Indawo: http://mujeres.co.cu/. Le yimizekelo nje embalwa; kukho eminye imibutho yoshishino emele amacandelo ahlukeneyo eCuba. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezinye iiwebhusayithi zinokuba ngeSpanish, njengoko ilulwimi olusemthethweni lwaseCuba.

Iiwebhusayithi zeshishini kunye norhwebo

ICuba, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseCuba, lilizwe elikwiCaribbean. Ngaphandle kokuba sisizwe esincinci sesiqithi, iCuba inenani leewebhusayithi zezoqoqosho kunye nezorhwebo ezibonelela ngolwazi kumashishini ahlukeneyo kunye namacandelo. Nazi ezinye zeewebhusayithi ezibalaseleyo zoqoqosho kunye nezorhwebo eCuba: 1. I-Ofisi yoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle kunye noTyalo-mali (MNCEX) - Le webhusayithi esemthethweni karhulumente ibonelela ngolwazi malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseCuba, amathuba otyalo-mali, imigaqo, kunye nesikhokelo somthetho. Iwebhusayithi ikwabandakanya uhlaziyo lweendaba ezinxulumene nezivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe ezibandakanya iCuba. umthombo: https://www.mincex.gob.cu/ 2. I-Chamber of Commerce of the Republic of Cuba-Iwebhusayithi ibonelela ngezixhobo kumashishini anomdla ekuphononongeni amathuba kwiimarike zaseCuba. Inika ulwazi malunga nemimiselo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle, iingxelo zokuhlalutywa kweemarike, izikhokelo zotyalo-mali, ulwalathiso lweshishini, ikhalenda yeziganeko, kunye nezinye iinkonzo ezijolise ekukhuthazeni ubudlelwane borhwebo. umthombo: http://www.camaracuba.com 3. I-ProCuba - I-ProCuba yi-arhente enoxanduva lokukhuthaza utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kumacandelo abalulekileyo oqoqosho lwaseCuba. Iwebhusayithi yabo inikezela ngolwazi olubanzi malunga neeprojekthi zotyalo-mali ezifumaneka kwimimandla efana nemimandla yophuhliso lokhenketho (ZEDs), iipaki zoshishino lwebhayoloji (BioPlants), ezolimo kunye neeprojekthi zemveliso yokutya. umthombo: http://procubasac.com/ 4. I-Ofisi yeSizwe yePropati yezoShishino (ONPI) - Le ofisi karhulumente ilawula inkqubo yokhuselo lwamalungelo kushicilelo lwemveliso eCuba ngokunikezela ukubhaliswa kwamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza kwizinto ezenziwe ngabantu okanye iinkampani zombini ngaphakathi nangaphandle. umthombo: http://www.onpi.cu I-5.I-Cuban Export Import Corporation (CEICEX)- i-CEICEX igxile ekuququzeleleni inkqubo yokuthumela ngaphandle-yangaphandle kumashishini aseCuba ngokubanika izisombululo zezothutho ezifana neenkonzo zothutho okanye isikhokelo kwiinkqubo zesithethe kunye nokubancedisa ekufumaneni amaqabane anokubakho kumazwe angaphandle ukuba athengise iimveliso / amacandelo abo. /iteknoloji kuzwelonke/kumazwe ngamazwe . umthombo: http://ceiex.co.cu/ Le yimizekelo nje embalwa phakathi kweminye emininzi, yaye inikela inkcazelo ebalulekileyo ngemekobume yezoqoqosho neyorhwebo yaseCuba. Kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba ujonge uhlaziyo kunye nemithombo emitsha njengoko imeko yeshishini iguquka ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iiwebhusayithi zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zemibuzo yorhwebo ekhoyo eCuba. Nazi ezinye zazo kunye needilesi zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) - Iqonga le-WITS libonelela ngofikelelo kurhwebo lwezorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nedatha yerhafu. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba babuze kwaye bahlalutye ukuhamba kwezorhwebo, iirhafu, iMiqathango eNgeyiyo iRhafu (NTM), kunye nezinye izibonakaliso zokukhuphisana. umthombo: https://wits.worldbank.org/ 2. I-UN Comtrade Database - Lo ngumthombo osemthethweni weenkcukacha-manani zorhwebo lwehlabathi obonelelwa liCandelo leeNkcazo zeZizwe eziManyeneyo (UNSD). I-UN Comtrade iqokelela iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha zokungenisa/ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle ezixelwe ngabasemagunyeni bamanani amazwe angamalungu. umthombo: https://comtrade.un.org/ 3. ICubaTradeData - Le webhusayithi igxile ekuboneleleni ngolwazi malunga norhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseCuba, kubandakanywa izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle, uhlalutyo lwemvelaphi, imisebenzi yempahla, imithetho kunye namathuba oshishino. umthombo: https://www.cubatradedata.com/ 4. UQoqosho loRhwebo - UQoqosho loRhwebo lubonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezalathisi zoqoqosho kunye nedatha yophando lwemarike evela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi. Ibandakanya idatha enxulumene norhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kuquka neCuba. umthombo: https://tradingeconomics.com/ 5. Iziko loRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (ITC) - I-ITC ibonelela ngofikelelo kumanani-nkcazo okungenisa/ukuthumela kumazwe ngamazwe ngokusebenzisa uvimba wedatha weMephu yoRhwebo. Abasebenzisi banokuphonononga iimveliso ezithengiswa kwihlabathi liphela ngokwelizwe okanye ummandla. umthombo: https://www.trademap.org Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezi webhusayithi zinokuba namanqanaba ahlukeneyo omgangatho kunye nokugubungela xa kuziwa kwidatha yorhwebo yaseCuba. Kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuwela ulwazi olubhekiselele kwimithombo emininzi ukufumana ukuqonda okubanzi.

amaqonga B2b

ICuba, ililizwe lobusoshiyali elinokufikelela okulinganiselweyo kwi-intanethi, ayinalo uluhlu olubanzi lwamaqonga e-B2B xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho iiplatifomu eziphawulekayo eziququzelela ukuthengiselana kwishishini ukuya kwishishini eCuba. 1. Cubatrade: Eli liqonga elisemthethweni leB2B esekwe ngurhulumente waseCuba. Isebenza njengombindi wamashishini asekhaya nawamanye amazwe ajonge ukunxibelelana neenkampani zaseCuba kumathuba orhwebo notyalo-mali. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.cubatrade.cu 2. I-MercadoCuba: I-MercadoCuba yindawo yemarike ye-intanethi apho amashishini anokuthenga kwaye athengise iimveliso zawo ngaphakathi kweCuba. Ivumela iinkampani eziseCuba ukuba zifikelele kubathengi kwaye zandise isiseko sabathengi babo kuzwelonke. Indawo: www.mercadocuba.com 3. IZiko loRhwebo laseCuba: Eli qonga lisebenza njengoluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini aseCuba abandakanyeka kumashishini ahlukeneyo, ewadibanisa namaqabane anokuba ngamaqabane kunye nabathengi kwihlabathi liphela. Ijolise ekukhuthazeni ubudlelwane borhwebo namazwe ngamazwe kuphuhliso lwamashishini angaphakathi nawangaphandle eCuba. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.cubantradehub.com 4. IiCubanos ezithunyelwa ngaphandle: I-Cubanos ye-Exportadores liqonga le-B2B elizinikele ekukhuthazeni ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-Cuba ngokudibanisa abathengisi basekhaya kunye nabathengi abanomdla abavela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Inika ulwazi malunga neemveliso ezifumanekayo zokuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kwaye inceda ukuququzelela uthethathethwano lwezoshishino phakathi kwabathumeli ngaphandle nabarhwebi kumazwe angaphandle. Iwebhusayithi: www.exportadorescubanos.com Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngenxa yofikelelo lwe-intanethi olulinganiselweyo eCuba, ezinye iiwebhusayithi zinokunqanda ukufumaneka okanye amaxesha acothayo okulayisha kunamaqonga e-intanethi afumaneka kwenye indawo. Nceda ukhumbule ukuba olu lwazi lusenokungabi sexesheni okanye luphelele kuba ukufikelela kulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga namaqonga e-B2B eCuba kunokuba ngumngeni ngenxa yokufumaneka kwe-intanethi okulinganiselweyo kwimida yelizwe.
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