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Iimarike eziphambili
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Ilizwe jikelele
IBulgaria, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseBulgaria, lilizwe elikuMzantsi-mpuma Yurophu. Ngabantu abamalunga nezigidi ezisi-7, ithatha indawo emalunga ne-110,994 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha. Ikomkhulu kunye nesixeko esikhulu eBulgaria yiSofia. IBulgaria inembali etyebileyo eqala ngamawaka eminyaka. Yayikhe yaba yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseBulgaria ngamaxesha aphakathi kwaye kamva yaba phantsi kolawulo lwama-Ottoman phantse iinkulungwane ezintlanu. Ilizwe lafumana inkululeko kwi-Ottoman Empire ngo-1908. Ijografi yaseBulgaria yahlukile kwaye iyahluka. Ijikelezwe yiRomania ukuya emantla, iSerbia kunye noMntla weMakedoni ngasentshona, iGrisi neTurkey emazantsi, kunye noLwandle Olumnyama ngasempuma. Imbonakalo yomhlaba ibonakalisa iintaba ezinkulu ezinje ngeRila kunye nePirin ezinencopho yazo entle etsala abakhenkethi abaninzi ngokutyibiliza okanye ukukhwela intaba. EzoLimo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseBulgaria ngenxa yamathafa achumileyo kunye nemozulu entle yokulima ingqolowa, umbona, oojongilanga, imifuno, iziqhamo kunye nokukhulisa imfuyo efana neenkomo kunye neenkukhu. Amashishini afana nokuvelisa (kuquka imveliso yoomatshini), imigodi (yentsimbi ekrwada yobhedu), isinyithi (ingakumbi imveliso yentsimbi), amalaphu (kubandakanywa nemveliso ye-oyile yerozi) nawo anegalelo elibalulekileyo. Enye inkalo ephawulekayo yenkcubeko yaseBulgaria zizithethe zayo ezibandakanya imidaniso edlamkileyo efana ne "horo" ehamba nomculo wesintu odlalwa kwizixhobo ezifana neebhegi okanye iintambula. Ngapha koko, ilizwe livelise amagcisa adumileyo afana noChristo Vladimirov Javacheff - owaziwayo ngofakelo lwakhe olukhulu lokusingqongileyo. Abantu baseBulgaria ubukhulu becala ngamaKristu obuOthodoki aseMpuma aphembelela izenzo zabo zonqulo, umculo, kunye nobugcisa. Ukutya kwesiBulgaria kudibanisa izinto ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo angabamelwane kunye nezitya ezifana ne-banitsa(ipastry yefilo ezaliswe ngamasi) okanye ikebapche(inyama egcadiweyo). Iminyhadala yemveli efana noBaba uMarta ngoMatshi 1 ebonisa intwasahlobo yokwamkela, ebizwa ngokuba yiMartenitsa, ihlala ibhiyozelwa kwilizwe lonke. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iBulgaria ibone ukukhula kwezokhenketho, itsala iindwendwe ngobuhle bayo bendalo kunye neempawu zembali ezifana neRila Monastery okanye inqaba ephakathi yeVeliko Tarnovo. Ilizwe likwayaziwa ngonxweme lwalo oluhle ecaleni koLwandle oluMnyama, libonelela ngeendawo ezahlukeneyo zokuchithela iiholide kunye nobomi basebusuku obudlamkileyo. Lilonke, iBulgaria lilizwe elahlukileyo elineendawo ezintle zomhlaba, imbali etyebileyo, inkcubeko edlamkileyo, kunye nokutya okumnandi. Ngendawo yayo yobuchule kumbindi weendlela zeYurophu, iyaqhubeka nokukhula njengendawo enomtsalane kubakhenkethi nabatyali-mali ngokufanayo.
Imali yeSizwe
IBulgaria, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseBulgaria, inemali yayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Bulgarian lev (BGN). I-lev yohlulwe kwiiyunithi ezincinci ezili-100 ezibizwa ngokuba yi-stotinki. Isimboli semali yelev yaseBulgaria yi лв. I-lev yaseBulgaria ibisetyenziswa ukususela ngoJulayi 5, 1999, xa yayithabathel’ indawo imali yangaphambili eyaziwa ngokuba yi-hard lev yaseBulgaria. Enye into enomdla malunga ne-lev yaseBulgaria kukuba ixhomekeke kwi-euro ngexabiso elimiselweyo lokutshintshiselana. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwi-euro nganye nganye, uya kufumana malunga ne-1.95583 leva. I-lev iza kwiimvaba ezahlukeneyo kubandakanywa imali engamaphepha kunye neengqekembe. Amanqaku ebhanki afumaneka kwiimvaba ze-2, 5,10,20,50 kunye ne-100 leva. Imali yebhanki nganye ibonisa abantu ababalaseleyo kwimbali yaseBulgaria abafana noSt. Ivan Rilski kunye noPaisius waseHilendar. Iingqekembe zemali ziyafumaneka kwiinkonzo zesi-1 stotinka (esona sincinci), kunye neengqekembe ezixabisa i-2, 5, 10, 20, kunye ne-50 stotinki kunye nenkozo exabisa iLev enye. Ukutshintshiselana ngemali yakho yangaphandle kwi-leva yaseBulgaria okanye ngokuchaseneyo, ungakwenza oko kwiiofisi zotshintshiselwano ezigunyazisiweyo ezifumaneka kulo lonke elaseBulgaria.Kukwakho nee-ATM ezininzi apho unokutsala imali usebenzisa ikhadi lakho lebhanki lebhanki lamazwe ngamazwe. Nangona kunjalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ujonge ibhanki kwangaphambili malunga nayo nayiphi na imirhumo okanye iintlawulo ezinxulumeneyo xa usebenzisa ikhadi lakho phesheya. Lilonke, imeko yemali yaseBulgaria ijikeleza imali yayo yesizwe, iLev yaseBulgaria idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwintengiselwano yemihla ngemihla elizweni, kwaye inezinga lotshintshiselwano olusisigxina nge-Euro. Ukufumaneka kwamanqaku ahlukeneyo kunye neengqekembe zemali kwenza ukuba utshintshiselwano lwezemali lube lula kuzo zombini. abahlali kunye nabakhenkethi abatyelela olu hlanga luhle lweBalkan
Imali yokutshintsha
Imali esemthethweni yaseBulgaria yiLev yaseBulgaria (BGN). Uqikelelo lwemilinganiselo yotshintshiselwano lweLev yaseBulgaria ngokuchasene neemali ezinkulu zehlabathi zezi zilandelayo: I-1 BGN = 0.59 USD 1 BGN = 0,51 EUR I-1 BGN = 57,97 JPY I-1 BGN = 0,45 GBP I-1 BGN = 5,83 CNY Nceda uqaphele ukuba la maxabiso otshintshiselwano aqikelelweyo kwaye angohluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemarike zangoku.
Iiholide ezibalulekileyo
IBulgaria, ilizwe elikuMzantsi-mpuma Yurophu, ineeholide ezahlukahlukeneyo ezibalulekileyo unyaka wonke. Le mibhiyozo ibonisa ubutyebi belifa lenkcubeko kunye nezithethe zabantu baseBulgaria. Enye iholide ebalulekileyo eBulgaria nguBaba Marta, obhiyozelwa ngoMatshi 1. Eli holide libonisa ukufika kwentwasahlobo kwaye lizinikele ekwamkeleni impilo entle kunye nethamsanqa. Ngaloo mini, abantu batshintshiselana "i-martenitsi," i-tassels ebomvu namhlophe okanye izacholo ezenziwe ngomsonto. Esi sithethe sisuka kwiinkolelo zobuhedeni bamandulo zokuba ukunxiba le miqondiso kuzisa ukhuseleko kwimimoya emdaka. Abantu banxiba i<em>martenitsi de babone ingwamza okanye umthi odubulayo njengemiqondiso yokufika kwentwasahlobo. Omnye umthendeleko ophawulekayo eBulgaria nguMhla wokuKhululwa obhiyozelwa ngoMatshi 3. Sisikhumbuzo sokuzimela geqe kweBulgaria kwiminyaka engama-500 yolawulo lwama-Ottoman emva phayaa ngowe-1878. Olu suku luzaliswe yimingcelele, iziqhushumbisi, iikonsathi, nemiboniso eyimbali eyenzeka kwilizwe lonke ukuhlonipha abo balwela inkululeko yabo. I-Ista yiholide yenkolo ebalulekileyo ebhiyozelwa ngabantu baseBulgaria ngokuzinikela okukhulu njengoko ibonisa ukuzalwa kwakhona kunye neziqalo ezintsha zamaKristu kwihlabathi jikelele. Amasiko e-Easter aseBulgaria aquka amaqanda apeyintiweyo, isonka sendabuko esibizwa ngokuthi "kozunak," iinkonzo zecawa ezikhethekileyo ezinzulwini zobusuku zilandelwa kukutya kunye nosapho kunye nabahlobo. Usuku lokuvuselela iSizwe ngoNovemba 1 luhlonipha imbali yaseBulgaria kunye nenkcubeko ngexesha lokuvuselela (inkulungwane ye-18-19). Ibhiyozela amaqhawe esizwe afana noVasil Levski - umntu obalaseleyo kumzabalazo weBulgaria wenkululeko ngokuchasene nokuhlala kweOttoman. Okokugqibela, iKrisimesi ibaluleke kakhulu eBulgaria apho abantu bahlanganisana khona ukuze bakhumbule ukuzalwa kukaYesu Krestu ngemisitho yonqulo ebanjelwa ezicaweni kwilizwe lonke. Izitya zesintu ezifana ne- banitsa (i-pastry ezaliswe sisisi) zilungiswa kunye nezithethe ezifana ne "koleduvane" - ukucula kwindlu ngendlu ukuzisa iintsikelelo kumakhaya. Ngokubanzi, le mithendeleko idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni izithethe zaseBulgaria, ukukhuthaza umanyano lwesizwe, kunye nokubonisa inkcubeko yelifa lenkcubeko yeli lizwe lidlamkileyo.
Imeko yoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle
IBulgaria, ekuMzantsi-mpuma Yurophu, inoqoqosho oluxubileyo kwaye ithembele kakhulu kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Isikhundla sayo sobuchule bejografi sibonelela ngofikelelo olulula kuzo zombini iimarike zaseYurophu nezamazwe ngamazwe. Awona macandelo aphambili eBulgaria athumela ngaphandle aquka ezolimo, oomatshini, iikhemikhali, amalaphu, kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano. Iimveliso zolimo ezifana nengqolowa, irhasi, imbewu kajongilanga, icuba, iziqhamo, nemifuno zinegalelo elikhulu kwingeniso yeli lizwe. Ukongeza, iBulgaria inesiseko esomeleleyo sokuvelisa esivelisa oomatshini kunye nezixhobo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ilizwe liyaxhamla kubulungu balo kwiManyano yaseYurophu (EU), ebonelela ngezivumelwano zorhwebo ezikhethekileyo namanye amazwe angamalungu e-EU. Obu bulungu bunceda ukuququzelela ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kwempahla ngaphakathi kweblok. Ngaphezu koko, iBulgaria inezivumelwano zorhwebo namazwe angabamelwane anjengeTurkey neSerbia. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umthamo wokuthumela eBulgaria ukhula ngokuthe ngcembe. Amaqabane aphambili orhwebo okuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweBulgaria yiJamani kunye ne-Italiya ngaphakathi kwe-EU. Ezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo zokusingwa ziquka iRomania, iGrisi, iBelgium-Netherlands-Luxembourg (Benelux), iTurkey, neTshayina. Kwicala lokungenisa elizweni, iBulgaria ixhomekeke ekungenweni kwemithombo yamandla efana ne-oyile negesi njengoko ingenazo iidiphozithi zendalo ezibanzi zezi zixhobo. Ikwathumela ngaphandle koomatshini, izixhobo, amalaphu, kunye neemoto ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo afana neJamani, iTurkey, iRashiya, kunye neChina.Ezi mpahla zisuka kumazwe angaphandle ziyanelisa iimfuno zemarike yangaphakathi kunye nokubonelela ngemathiriyeli ekrwada kumashishini asekhaya.Urhulumente waseBulgaria ukhuthaza utyalo-mali lwangaphandle,ukukhulisa ukukhula koqoqosho. Lilonke, iBulgaria igcina ubudlelwane obusebenzayo bokurhweba namazwe angabamelwane kunye namaqabane ehlabathi. Ilizwe lixhomekeke kurhwebo oluthunyelwa ngaphandle ukuze luqhube ukukhula koqoqosho ngelixa livala izikhewu ngokungenisa izixhobo eziyimfuneko okanye iimpahla ezigqityiweyo. IBulgaria ijonge ukuqhubela phambili ukuphuhlisa imisebenzi yayo yorhwebo kwihlabathi jikelele ukuze yongeze impumelelo phakathi kwemida yayo.
Uphuhliso lweMakethi olunokubakho
IBulgaria, ekuMzantsi-mpuma Yurophu, inethuba elithembisayo lophuhliso lwemarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Okokuqala, iBulgaria ixhamla kwindawo yayo yobuchule. Isebenza njengesango phakathi kweYurophu neAsia, idibanisa iManyano yaseYurophu namazwe akuMbindi Mpuma nangaphaya. Esi sikhundla sinenzuzo senza ukuba iBulgaria yenze ubudlelwane obuqinileyo borhwebo kunye namazwe ahlukeneyo kuyo yomibini le mimandla. Okwesibini, ubulungu beBulgaria kwiManyano yaseYurophu bubonelela ngokufikelela kwenye yeemarike ezinkulu zehlabathi. I-EU ibonelela ngamathuba amaninzi kumashishini aseBulgaria ukuba athumele iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zawo kwamanye amazwe angamalungu ngaphandle kwemiqobo okanye izithintelo. Oku kudityaniswa kwimarike ye-EU kuququzelela urhwebo olungenamagingxigingxi kwaye konyusa ukukhuphisana kweBulgaria. Ukongeza, iBulgaria inoqoqosho olwahlukeneyo oluhamba kumacandelo ahlukeneyo afana nezolimo, ukuvelisa, amandla kunye neenkonzo. Esi siseko soqoqosho sahlukeneyo sinegalelo kuluhlu olubanzi lwamathuba okuthengisa ngaphandle. Iimveliso zezolimo zaseBulgaria ezifana neoli yejongilanga, ioli yelavenda, ubusi, kunye neemveliso zebhayoloji zifunwa kakhulu kumazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yomgangatho wazo kunye nendalo ephilayo. Ngaphaya koko, iBulgaria ityale imali kakhulu kumashishini afana netekhnoloji yolwazi (IT), ukwenziwa kweemoto, amayeza kunye nemveliso yezithambiso ezibonise ukukhula okubonakalayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Le mizi-mveliso ayiqinisekisi uqoqosho lwangaphakathi kuphela kodwa ikwabonelela ngamathuba awoneleyo emisebenzi yokuthumela ngaphandle. Ngaphaya koko, kukho ukonyuka kotyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle (i-FDI) oluza eBulgaria ikakhulu ngenxa yeemeko ezivumayo zotyalo-mali kuquka namazinga erhafu aphantsi xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe e-EU kunye nabasebenzi abafundileyo abafumaneka ngeendleko eziphantsi noko kuneNtshona Yurophu. Ukuqukumbela, indibaniselwano yendawo yayo enobuchule edibanisa iNtshona Yurophu neAsia, uMbindi Mpuma kunye neAfrika; ubulungu be-EU buvumela ukuba ifikelele kwenye yeemarike ezinkulu zehlabathi;utshintsho olukhoyo phakathi koqoqosho; amacandelo akhulayo afana ne-IT, i-Automotive&Pharmaceuticals;ukwandisa i-FDI ukungena, iBulgaria ibonisa amandla abalulekileyo ophuhliso oluthe kratya ngaphakathi kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle.Ilizwe linokusebenzisa ezi nzuzo ngokusebenzayo ngokukhuthaza iminikelo yalo, ukuseka uthungelwano lwezoshishino oluluqilima, ukuphuculwa kweziseko zophuhliso, ukukhuthaza okutsha kunye nokuphucula ukukhuphisana ukuze ubambe amathuba okukhula kwimarike yehlabathi.
Iimveliso ezishushu ezithengiswayo kwimarike
Xa ukhetha iimveliso zentengiso yezorhwebo yangaphandle yaseBulgaria, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zeemveliso ezikhoyo ngoku ezifunwa kakhulu kwaye zikwazi ukuthengisa. Nazi ezinye izinto eziphambili ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha izinto ezishushu ezithengiswa kwintengiso yaseBulgaria: 1. Uphando lweMarike: Yenza uphando olucokisekileyo lwemarike ukuchonga iintsingiselo zangoku, ukhetho, kunye neemfuno zabathengi baseBulgaria. Jonga idatha kwiipateni zenkcitho yabathengi, iindidi zeemveliso ezidumileyo, kunye namashishini asakhulayo. 2. Chonga iimarike ze-niche: Phonononga iimarike ze-niche ngaphakathi kweBulgaria ezinokubonelela ngamathuba kwiimveliso ezikhethekileyo okanye iinkonzo. Ngokomzekelo, iimveliso ze-organic okanye eco-friendly zifumana ukuthandwa phakathi kwabathengi abaqaphela impilo eBulgaria. 3. Uhlalutyo lokukhuphisana: Funda iminikelo yabakhuphisana bakho ukuze uchonge izikhewu kwimarike onokuthi uzigcwalise ngemveliso okanye inkonzo eyodwa. Ukwahluke kubantu okhuphisana nabo ngokunikezela ngekhwalithi, iinketho ezingabizi kakhulu okanye ukujolisa kumacandelo abathengi abangagcinwanga. 4. Qwalasela imiba yenkcubeko: Thatha ingqalelo izithethe kunye nezithethe zaseBulgaria xa ukhetha iimveliso zokuqinisekisa ukuba zihambelana nezinto ezikhethwayo kunye nemilinganiselo yasekuhlaleni. 5. I-E-commerce enokwenzeka: Ngokunyuka kwe-e-commerce eBulgaria, cinga ngokukhetha iimveliso ezinokuthi zithengise ukuthengisa kwi-intanethi ngamaqonga afana ne-Amazon okanye iiwebhusayithi ze-e-commerce zendawo. 6. Ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho: Khetha izinto ezinemigangatho eqinisekisiweyo yomgangatho kunye neziqinisekiso njengoko abathengi baseBulgaria babeka phambili izinto ezihlala zihlala kunye nezithembekileyo. 7. Ukuziqhelanisa neemeko zendawo: Khetha iimveliso ezifanelekileyo kwiimeko zemozulu yendawo kunye nezo zihambelana nokuguquguquka kwexesha lonyaka kwimfuno (umzekelo, izixhobo zezemidlalo zasebusika ngexesha le-ski). I-8.Ukukhuphisana kwexabiso: Qinisekisa ukuba izinto ozikhethileyo zinexabiso elikhuphisanayo xa kuthelekiswa neminikelo efanayo kwimarike yaseBulgaria ngelixa ugcina imida yenzuzo. 9.Izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle-imbono yebhalansi yokuthumela ngaphandle: Hlalutya idatha yokungenisa-ngaphandle phakathi kwamaqabane orhwebo eBulgaria (amazwe angamalungu e-EU kunye namazwe angengawo awe-EU) ukuchonga amathuba anokubakho apho la mazwe anokuthi angenise ngaphezu kokuthumela ngaphandle ukunika ithuba lempumelelo yento oyikhethileyo. 10.Amathuba ngemiboniso zorhwebo Yiya kwimiboniso yorhwebo efanelekileyo kunye nemiboniso eBulgaria ukuze ufumane ulwazi malunga neendlela zamva nje zemarike, ukuhlangabezana nabathengi abanakho, kwaye ubonise iimveliso ozikhethileyo. Ngokuqwalasela ezi zinto kunye nokuqhuba uphando olucokisekileyo, unokukhetha iimveliso ezifanelekileyo ezinokuthengiswa kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseBulgaria. Hlala uhlaziywa ngokutshintsha ukhetho lwabathengi ukulungelelanisa isicwangciso sakho sokukhetha ngokuqhubekayo kwiziphumo eziphuculweyo.
Iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboo
IBulgaria, ekuMzantsi-mpuma Yurophu, ineempawu zayo ezizodwa zabathengi kunye nezithethe zenkcubeko. Ukuqonda oku kunokunceda amashishini asebenzisane ngokufanelekileyo nabathengi baseBulgaria. Abantu baseBulgaria baxabisa ubudlelwane bomntu kunye nokuthembela kwiintengiselwano zoshishino. Ukwakha ubudlelwane obuqinileyo kunye nabathengi kubalulekile kwimpumelelo kwimarike yaseBulgaria. Kuqhelekile ukubandakanyeka kwintetho encinci kunye nokwazana ngaphambi kokutsibela kwiingxoxo zoshishino. Ukugcina ixesha kujongwa kakhulu ngabantu baseBulgaria. Ukufika kwangethuba ezintlanganisweni okanye kumadinga kubonisa intlonipho nobungcali. Ukulibaziseka okanye ukurhoxiswa kufuneka kuchazwe kwangaphambili njengophawu lwembeko. Xa kufikwa kunxibelelwano, abantu baseBulgaria bayakuxabisa ngokuthe ngqo nokunyaniseka ngelixa begcina isimilo esichubekileyo. Ukuvakalisa izimvo ngokuphandle ngaphandle kokujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo kubalulekile ekwakheni ukuthembana kubathengi. Uthethathethwano lwamaxabiso luqhelekile eBulgaria, nangona ukutyhala kakhulu kunokubonwa njengokungahloniphiyo okanye ndlongo. Ukufumana ukulingana phakathi kokuguquguquka kunye nokuqina kunceda ukwakha ukuqondana ngexesha lothethathethwano. Ukupha izipho kuyaxatyiswa kodwa kufanele kwenziwe ngenyameko. Izipho zexabiso eliphezulu zinokudala iimeko ezingathandekiyo kuba zinokujongwa njengezama ukuphembelela iinkqubo zokwenziwa kwezigqibo ngendlela engafanelekanga. Izipho ezincinci, ezicingisisiweyo zizijekulo ezifanelekileyo zombulelo emva kokuba ubudlelwane busekiwe. Ngokwemiqathango yenkcubeko, kubalulekile ukuba ungaxoxi ngezopolitiko okanye wenze izinto ezimbi malunga nembali yaseBulgaria okanye inkcubeko ngexesha lokusebenzisana kwezoshishino. Unqulo lukwajongwa njengesihloko esibuthathaka; ngoko ke, iincoko eziphathelele iinkolelo zonqulo zimele ziphetshwe ngaphandle kokuba ziqaliswe ngumthengi kuqala. Ngaphaya koko, ukuphepha ukusela kakhulu ngexesha lesidlo seshishini okanye imisitho kuyacetyiswa kuba ukunxila kakhulu kunokuba nefuthe elibi kumfanekiso womntu wobugcisa kunye nokuthembeka. Ngokuqonda ezi mpawu zabathengi kunye nokuhlonipha i-taboos yenkcubeko xa usebenzisana nabathengi baseBulgaria, amashishini angakwazi ukuhlakulela ubudlelwane obuphumelelayo ngokusekelwe ekuthembekeni kunye nokuhloniphana.
Inkqubo yolawulo lweCustoms
IBulgaria, ekuMzantsi-mpuma Yurophu kuSingasiqithi weBalkan, inenkqubo eyakhiwe kakuhle nesebenzayo yokulawula izithethe. Ulawulo lwempahla yelizwe lusebenza phantsi koMphathiswa wezeMali kwaye lunoxanduva lokuququzelela urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngelixa luqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho yelizwe. Xa ungena eBulgaria, abahambi kufuneka balandele izikhokelo ezithile zokuqinisekisa inkqubo yokungena egudileyo. Okokuqala, phatha amaxwebhu okundwendwela asemthethweni afana neencwadana zokundwendwela ezisebenza kangangeenyanga ezintathu ubuncinci ngaphaya komhla ocetyiweyo wokuhamba. Abemi abangengabo abe-EU banokufuna ukufaka isicelo se-visa ngaphambi kokuba batyelele eBulgaria; kuyacetyiswa ukuba ujonge iimfuno ezithile ze-visa ezisekelwe kubuzwe. Kwimida yaseBulgaria, iindwendwe ziya kuhlangana namagosa ecustom anoxanduva lokuqinisekisa amaxwebhu okungena kwabahambi. Zilungiselele ukunikezela la maxwebhu xa uceliwe kwaye ubhengeze naziphi na iimpahla ezinokufuna imvume esemthethweni okanye zibe phantsi kweendidi ezibekelwe imiqathango ezifana nemipu okanye iimveliso zezolimo ezithile. Ukungenisa/ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwi/kusuka eBulgaria kulawulwa yimimiselo yezithethe ezithobela imigangatho yeManyano yaseYurophu. Abahambi abangena okanye abaphuma eBulgaria benemali engaphezulu kwe-EUR 10,000 kufuneka bayibhengeze kwabasemagunyeni; ukusilela ukwenza oko kunokukhokelela kwizohlwayo okanye ukuthinjwa. Imirhumo kunye neerhafu zinokusebenza xa kusiswa izinto eBulgaria ngaphandle kwe-EU. Izibonelelo ezingahlawulelwayo zikhona kwizinto zomntu ezifana nempahla okanye izinto ezikhumbuzayo, kodwa imida ethile yotywala, iimveliso zecuba, kunye nezinye iimpahla zikhona ngaphaya komthwalo oya kuhlawuliswa. Izinto ezithile ezithintelweyo okanye ezithintelweyo akufuneki ziziswe eBulgaria kuquka i-narcotics, iimpahla zomgunyathi, iimveliso zeentlobo zezilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphela ngaphandle kweemvume/ielayisenisi ezifanelekileyo ngokwe-CITES (iConvention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) imigaqo), njl. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amagunya amasiko aseBulgaria abamba amanyathelo angqongqo okulawula umda ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo ye-EU. Ukuhlolwa okungaqhelekanga kuqhutywa ngokungqongqo ngamagosa ukuze kuthintelwe imisebenzi yokuthutyeleziswa enxulumene neziyobisi/imipu/impahla yomgunyathi phakathi kwezinye. Ukuthobela le mimiselo kuqinisekisa uhambo olungenazinkathazo kwimida yaseBulgaria ngelixa kuhlonitshwa ukhuseleko lwelizwe kunye nemithetho yorhwebo.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu
IBulgaria, ilizwe elikwiMpuma Yurophu, iye yamisela imigaqo-nkqubo ethile ngokuphathelele imirhumo yempahla evela kwamanye amazwe. Le migaqo-nkqubo ijolise ekulawuleni ukungena kwempahla elizweni nokukhusela imizi-mveliso yasekhaya. Imirhumo yokungenisa elizweni eBulgaria idla ngokusekwe kuMrhumo weCommon Customs we-European Union (EU). Njengelizwe elililungu le-EU, iBulgaria ilandela iirhafu zangaphandle ze-EU kunye nemimiselo yokungenisa elizweni. I-EU isebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo worhwebo ofanayo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba onke amazwe angamalungu asebenzisa imirhumo efanayo yempahla ethengwa kumazwe angaphandle kwe-EU. Uluhlu lweerhafu eziqhelekileyo ze-EU luquka iindidi ngeendidi ezinemirhumo eyahlukeneyo. Iikhowudi ze-Harmonized System (HS) zisetyenziselwa ukwahlula iimveliso, ukugqiba iirhafu zabo zemisebenzi. Iikhowudi ze-HS zibonelela ngenkqubo yokufakwa kweekhowudi esemgangathweni esetyenziswa kwihlabathi jikelele ekuhleleni iimveliso zorhwebo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iBulgaria inokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezincitshisiweyo okanye zero phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Umzekelo, izinto ezingeniswayo ezivela kumazwe apho iBulgaria ityikitye izivumelwano zorhwebo zasimahla zingonwabela impatho ekhethekileyo ngokunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa imirhumo ethile. Ngaphandle kwemirhumo, ezinye iirhafu kunye neentlawulo zinokusebenza xa kungeniswa iimpahla eBulgaria. I-Value Added Tax (i-VAT) irhafiswa kwizinto ezininzi ezithengwe kumazwe angaphandle ngomyinge we-20%. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimveliso ezifana nokutya okuyimfuneko zinokurhafiswa kwirhafu ethotyiweyo ye-9% okanye ne-5%. Ukongeza, imirhumo yempahla engaphandle inokumiselwa kwiindidi zeemveliso ezithile ezifana notywala, iimveliso zecuba, kunye neziselo zamandla. Ukuqukumbela, iBulgaria ilandela umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu odityanisiweyo weManyano yaseYurophu kwimisebenzi yokungenisa elizweni. Loo migaqo-nkqubo ijolise ekulawuleni nasekulawuleni urhwebo ngelixa ikwabonelela ngokhuseleko kumashishini asekhaya kukhuphiswano olungenabulungisa oluvela kumazwe angaphandle.
Iipolisi zerhafu ezithumela ngaphandle
IBulgaria yaziwa ngemigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle encomekayo ejolise ekukhuthazeni urhwebo nokutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle. Ilizwe liphumeze imilinganiselo emininzi yokuququzelela ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokuqinisekisa imeko-bume elungele irhafu kumashishini. Omnye wemiba ephambili yomgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle eBulgaria kukungeniswa komlinganiselo ophantsi werhafu yengeniso yenkampani. Okwangoku, iBulgaria inelinye lawona maxabiso aphantsi erhafu yenkampani eYurophu, ebekwe kwinqanaba elithe tyaba le-10%. Lo mlinganiselo uphantsi unceda amashishini ukuba ahlale ekhuphisana ngokunciphisa umthwalo wawo werhafu kwiingeniso ezifunyenwe kwimisebenzi yokuthumela ngaphandle. Ukongeza, iBulgaria ibonelela ngenethiwekhi ebanzi yezivumelwano zokurhafiswa kabini kunye namazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela. Ezi zivumelwano zinceda ekupheliseni okanye ekunciphiseni amathuba okurhafiswa kabini kwingeniso evela kwiintengiselwano eziwela imida, zibonelela ngenkuthazo eyongezelelekileyo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphaya koko, iBulgaria ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokungahlawulisi okanye ukucuthwa kweemveliso ezithunyelwa kumazwe okanye kwimimandla ethile. Ezi nkqubo zonyango zikhethwa ngokukhethekileyo ziquka izivumelwano zorhwebo zasimahla kunye neManyano yaseYurophu (EU) kunye namazwe angengawo awe-EU afana neKhanada, iJapan, uMzantsi Korea, kunye neTurkey. Izivumelwano ezinjalo zenza ukuba abathumeli bangaphandle baseBulgaria bafikelele kwezi marike ngokulula ngokususa okanye ngokunciphisa imirhumo yokungenisa iimpahla zabo. Ngaphezu koko, iBulgaria isebenza phantsi kwe-EU Value Added Tax (VAT). Njengelizwe elililungu le-EU, lithobela imigaqo ye-VAT eqhelekileyo ebekwe yiKomishoni ye-EU. Izinga le-VAT eliqhelekileyo eBulgaria okwangoku limiselwe kwi-20%, esebenza kwiimpahla kunye neenkonzo ezininzi ezithengiswa ngaphakathi elizweni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle kwe-EU kunokulinganisa iqanda ukuba iimeko ezithile ziyahlangatyezwa. Ukuqukumbela, umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle eBulgaria ugxile ekukhuthazeni urhwebo kunye nokutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle ngokudityaniswa kwamanyathelo afana namaxabiso aphantsi erhafu yenkampani kunye nothungelwano lwesivumelwano sokurhafiswa kabini. Ngaphezu koko, ukukhululelwa kwirhafu yempahla yempahla enikezelweyo ngezivumelwano zorhwebo zasimahla zombini ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-EU kunegalelo ekuququzeleleni urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kubathengisi bangaphandle baseBulgaria. (Qaphela: Olu lwazi lungasentla alunakuba luphelele malunga neenkcukacha ezithile okanye utshintsho lwakutsha nje kumgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle yaseBulgaria; uphando olongezelelweyo luyacetyiswa).
Iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle
IBulgaria, ekuMzantsi-mpuma Yurophu, yaziwa ngoqoqosho lwayo oludlamkileyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuthumela ngaphandle. Ilizwe linenkqubo esekwe kakuhle yokukhutshwa kwezatifiketi zokuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lweemveliso zalo. E-Bulgaria, kubalulekile ukuba abathengisi bangaphandle bafumane izatifikethi eziyimfuneko zokuthobela imigangatho kunye nemimiselo yamazwe ngamazwe. Esinye isatifikethi esibalulekileyo kukuMakishwa kweCE yeManyano yaseYurophu. Olu phawu lubonisa ukuba imveliso ihlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno ezibekwe yi-EU imiyalelo malunga nempilo, ukhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Ukongeza, iBulgaria ibonelela ngezatifikethi ezifana ne-ISO (International Organisation for Standardization) izatifikethi. Oku kubonisa ukuba iimveliso zenkampani zihlangabezana nemigangatho ethile yolawulo lomgangatho eyaziwayo kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukuthunyelwa kwezolimo kumazwe angaphandle, iBulgaria ibonelela nge-GLOBALG.A.P., umgangatho wokhuseleko lokutya owamkelwa kwihlabathi liphela oqinisekisa ukuba iziqhamo, imifuno, kunye nezinye iimveliso zezolimo ziveliswa ngokuzinzileyo ezinempembelelo encinci yokusingqongileyo. IBulgaria ikwabonelela ngezatifikethi ezikhethekileyo kumacandelo athile afana nokulima okuphilayo. Isiqinisekiso se-"BioCert" siqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zokutya kwezolimo okanye ezicutshungulwayo ziveliswa kusetyenziswa iindlela eziphilayo ngaphandle kwezichumiso ezenziweyo okanye ii-GMO (i-Genetically Modified Organisms). Ngapha koko, kukho izatifikethi ezithe ngqo kwishishini elinje nge-HACCP (iNdawo yoVavanyo lweHazard Critical Control Point), egxile kumanyathelo okhuseleko lokutya ngexesha leenkqubo zemveliso. Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba imveliso nganye inokuba neemfuneko ezongezelelweyo ezithe ngqo kwishishini layo okanye kwimarike ekujoliswe kuyo. Umzekelo, izixhobo zombane zinokufuna isatifikethi esongezelelweyo sokuhambelana kombane. Ngokubanzi, iBulgaria ibeka phambili isatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokufumana intembeko kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokufumana ezi ziqinisekiso zahlukeneyo zilungiselelwe amashishini kunye neemarike ezahlukeneyo, abathumeli bangaphandle baseBulgaria banokwandisa isiseko sabo sabathengi kwihlabathi liphela ngelixa begcina imigangatho ekumgangatho ophezulu.
Ulungiselelo lolungiselelo olucetyiswayo
IBulgaria, eseMpuma Yurophu, ibonelela ngoluhlu lweenkonzo zolungiselelo olusebenzayo noluthembekileyo ukuxhasa amashishini kunye norhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso zolungiselelo lweli lizwe. 1. Amazibuko: IBulgaria inamazibuko amabini amakhulu - iVarna kunye neBurgas - ezikunxweme loLwandle oluMnyama. La mazibuko abonelela ngeendlela ezibalaseleyo zonxibelelwano kwiindlela zokuthumela ngenqanawa kwihlabathi, zizenza iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokungenisa kunye nokuthumela iimpahla ngaphandle. 2. Iziseko zoncedo zeNdlela: IBulgaria inothungelwano lweendlela olwakhiwe kakuhle oludibanisa namazwe angabamelwane anjengeRomania, iGrisi, iSerbia, neTurkey. Iziseko ezingundoqo zeendlela zezangoku kwaye zisebenza kakuhle, zivumela ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngaphandle kwelizwe kunye nokunqumla imida. 3. Umzila kaloliwe: Inkqubo kaloliwe yaseBulgaria yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yothungelwano lolungiselelo lothungelwano. Ibonelela ngeendleko ezingezinye zothutho ezindleleni zomthwalo omninzi okanye ukuthunyelwa komgama omde. Uloliwe udibanisa izixeko ezikhulu zelizwe kunye namanye amazwe aseYurophu anjengeGrisi, iRomania, iHungary kunye neRussia. 4. I-Air Cargo: Isikhululo seenqwelo-moya sase-Sofia sisebenza njengesikhululo seenqwelomoya sase-Bulgaria samazwe ngamazwe esinezibonelelo ezigqwesileyo zomthwalo womoya. Ibonelela ngeenqwelomoya rhoqo eziya kwizixeko ezikhulu kwihlabathi liphela ngelixa ibonelela ngeenkqubo ezisebenzayo zokucocwa kwempahla yokuthumela izinto ezithatha ixesha. 5. Iinkqubo zeCustoms: IBulgaria lilizwe elililungu le-EU; ngoko ke iinkqubo zayo zesithethe zithobela imigaqo ye-EU eququzelela ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngaphandle komthungo kwimarike yeManyano yaseYurophu okanye kwamanye amazwe angaphandle komanyano ukuya kuyo. 6.Amaziko okugcinwa kwempahla kunye noSasazo: Kwiindawo eziphambili zemizi-mveliso ezifana neSofia (ikomkhulu) kunye nePlovdiv (isixeko sesibini ngobukhulu), unokufumana iindawo zokugcina iimpahla zale mihla kunye namaziko osasazo aqhutywa ngababoneleli bendawo bobabini kunye neenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezibonelela ngogcino olubanzi. izisombululo ezilungiselelwe iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zeshishini. 7. Ababoneleli ngeNkonzo yoLungiselelo: Inani leefemu zasekhaya zaseBulgaria zisebenza ngokukhethekileyo kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yenkqubo yokubonelela njengokuthunyelwa kwempahla, i-custom brokerage, kunye neenkonzo zothutho zeqela lesithathu.Banobugcisa bengingqi obudityaniswa nothungelwano olubanzi oluqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kumazinga akhuphisanayo. Ukuqukumbela, iBulgaria ibonelela ngeziseko zoncedo ezisekwe kakuhle, kubandakanya namazibuko, iindlela, oololiwe, kunye nezikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezivumela ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngokufanelekileyo emhlabeni naselwandle. Ukudibanisa oku kunye nobume bayo bobulungu be-EU kunye nababoneleli ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo, iBulgaria yindawo enomtsalane kumashishini afuna izisombululo ezithembekileyo nezisebenzayo.
Imijelo yophuhliso lwabathengi

Imiboniso yorhwebo ebalulekileyo

IBulgaria, ekuMzantsi-mpuma Yurophu, ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezibalulekileyo zabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemiboniso yorhwebo. La maqonga adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukuthengiswa kwelizwe nokukhuthaza utyalo-mali lwangaphandle. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo: 1. IMibono yoRhwebo yaMazwe ngaMazwe: IBulgaria ibamba imiboniso yorhwebo yamazwe ngamazwe emininzi etsala abathengi abavela kwihlabathi jikelele. Eminye imisitho eyaziwayo iquka: - Umboniso wezobuGcisa waMazwe ngaMazwe: Ubanjwa minyaka le ePlovdiv, lo mboniso ngomnye wemiboniso emikhulu yemizi-mveliso eMzantsi-mpuma Yurophu. -I-Sofia Motor Show: Umboniso okhokelayo weemoto obonisa izinto ezintsha ezintsha kunye neendlela. -Ukutya nokusela uMboniso waseBulgaria: Umnyhadala onikezelwe kwiingcali kushishino lokutya nesiselo. -I-Balkan Entertainment & Gaming Expo (BEGE): Umboniso ogxile kubuchwepheshe bokudlala kunye nokuzonwabisa. 2. Ii-Arhente zokuKhuthaza uTyalo-mali (ii-IPAs): I-Bulgaria iseke ii-IPAs ukuququzelela unxibelelwano phakathi kwabathengi bamazwe angaphandle kunye namashishini aseBulgaria. Ezi arhente zibonelela ngoncedo ngolwazi, imisitho yothungelwano, iinkonzo zokufanisa ishishini, ziququzelela imiboniso yendlela phesheya ukutsala abatyali-mali. 3. I-e-Commerce Platforms: Ngokukhula okukhawulezayo korhwebo lwe-intanethi kwihlabathi jikelele, iimveliso zaseBulgaria zinokufumaneka kwiiplatifti ezahlukeneyo ze-e-commerce zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-Amazon, eBay, Alibaba's AliExpress. 4. Oonozakuzaku kunye neMishini yoRhwebo: Oonozakuzaku baseBulgaria kwihlabathi liphela badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ubudlelwane borhwebo phakathi kwamazwe amabini ngokuququzelela amaphulo orhwebo kunye neeforam zoshishino ezidibanisa abathengisi balapha ekhaya kunye nabo banokuthenga. I-5.I-International Chambers of Commerce : I-Bulgaria inamagumbi amaninzi orhwebo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kunye nabamanye amazwe afana ne-American Chamber of Commerce eBulgaria (AmCham), i-German-Bulgarian Industrial Chamber of Commerce kunye ne-Industry (GHMBIHK), i-Bilateral Chamber of Commerce France. -Bulgaria(CCFB), etc.La magumbi aququzelela iminyhadala egxile ekwakhiweni kobudlelwane boshishino phakathi kwabathumeli bangaphandle baseBulgaria/abangenisa ngaphandle/abarhwebi kunye nabalingane babo phesheya. 6.Izalathiso zeShishini kwi-Intanethi : Kukho uluhlu lwezalathisi ze-intanethi ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukudibanisa abathengi behlabathi kunye nababoneleli baseBulgaria abafana ne-GlobalTrade.net, Alibaba.com, BulgariaExport.com, njl. 7. IMisitho ye-B2B kunye nemiboniso yoRhwebo: Imisitho eyahlukeneyo ye-B2B kunye nemiboniso yorhwebo ibanjelwa eBulgaria efana ne-Synergy Expo- Iqonga elenza ukuhambelana kweenkampani zangaphandle kunye ne-Bulgarian, iiNtsuku zeSizwe zeMisebenzi - apho abaqeshi banokudibana nabo baza kuba ngabaqeshwa. Ezi ziganeko zibonelela ngamathuba othungelwano kunye nentsebenziswano yezoshishino. 8. Amanyathelo kaRhulumente: Urhulumente waseBulgaria uxhasa ngenkuthalo uphuhliso lwabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ngamaphulo awohlukeneyo afana ne-Invest Bulgaria Agency (IBA), enenjongo yokutsala abatyali-zimali bamazwe angaphandle ngokukhuthaza amathuba otyalo-mali kweli lizwe. Ngokubanzi, ezi ziteshi kunye nemiboniso yezorhwebo zibonelela ngamathuba abalulekileyo kumashishini aseBulgaria ukuba abonise iimveliso / iinkonzo zabo kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe, ukwandisa isiseko sabathengi babo, ukuseka ubudlelwane obutsha, ukuququzelela ukukhula kwamanye amazwe kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe.
EBulgaria, zininzi iinjini zokukhangela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kubasebenzisi be-intanethi ukukhangela ulwazi. Oku kulandelayo zezinye zeenjini zokukhangela ezidumileyo kunye neeURL zazo zewebhusayithi: 1. UGoogle (https://www.google.bg): UGoogle yeyona njini yokukhangela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi, kuquka naseBulgaria. Abasebenzisi banokufumana uluhlu olubanzi lolwazi ngokusebenzisa i-algorithms yokukhangela enamandla kaGoogle. 2. I-Bing (https://www.bing.com): I-Bing yenye injini yokukhangela edumileyo ebonelela ngokhangelo lwewebhu, ukhangelo lwemifanekiso, iimephu, iividiyo, kunye nohlaziyo lweendaba phakathi kwezinye izinto. 3. I-Yahoo (https://www.yahoo.bg): I-Yahoo inikezela ngekhono lokukhangela iwebhu kunye nohlaziyo lweendaba, iinkonzo ze-imeyile, kunye nezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo. 4. I-DuckDuckGo (https://duckduckgo.com): I-DuckDuckGo yinjini yokukhangela egxile kubucala engalandeli idatha yomsebenzisi okanye izenzele iziphumo ngokusekelwe kukhangelo lwangaphambili. 5. Yandex (http://www.yandex.bg): Yandex yi-injini yokukhangela yaseRashiya esetyenziswa kakhulu eBulgaria ngokunjalo. Ibonelela ngokhangelo lwewebhu kunye nezinye iinkonzo ezifana neemephu kunye nophendlo lwemifanekiso. 6. I-Baidu (http://www.baidu.com/intl/bg/): I-Baidu yinjini yokukhangela yaseTshayina ekwabonelela ngeenkonzo ezithile ngolwimi lwesiBulgaria; inikeza ukhangelo lwewebhu, iimephu kunye nemifanekiso phakathi kwezinye. 7. Ask.com (https://www.ask.com) - Ask.com ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba babuze imibuzo ethile okanye bafake amagama angundoqo aqhelekileyo ukufumana ulwazi olufanelekileyo kwi-intanethi. 8. I-Nigma.bg (http://nigma.bg/) - I-Nigma.bg igxile ekuboneleleni ngezakhono zokukhangela ezibanzi kuzo zonke iiwebhusayithi ngokugxininisa kumxholo wesiBulgaria. Ezi zezinye zeenjini zokukhangela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa ngabantu baseBulgaria ukukhangela i-intanethi kunye nokufikelela kulwazi olufunekayo ngokufanelekileyo.

Amaphepha amakhulu atyheli

IBulgaria, ekumzantsi-mpuma weYurophu, inamanqaku aliqela abalaseleyo akwiphepha elityheli abonelela ngobutyebi bolwazi malunga namashishini kunye neenkonzo zelizwe. Nazi ezinye zezalathisi eziphambili zephepha elityheli kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. Iphepha elimthubi IBulgaria - Iphepha elimthubi elisemthethweni laseBulgaria libonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini kuwo wonke amashishini. Iwebhusayithi yabo ithi www.yellowpages.bg. 2. IGolden Pages - Olu luhlu luquka uluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo kunye namashishini asebenza eBulgaria. Iwebhusayithi yayo ithi www.goldenpages.bg. 3. Uluhlu lweShishini lwaseBulgaria - Uvimba weefayili odumileyo we-intanethi onika ulwazi kumacandelo awohlukeneyo afana nokhenketho, urhwebo, kunye neenkonzo ngaphakathi eBulgaria. Ungayifumana www.bulgariadirectory.com. 4. ISofia Yellow Pages - Njengesixeko esilikomkhulu saseBulgaria, iSofia inoluhlu lwayo olunikezelweyo lwephepha elityheli eligxile kumashishini asekuhlaleni kunye neenkonzo kuphela eSofia. Ndwendwela www.sofiayellowpages.com ukufikelela kolu lawulo. 5. I-Pegasus Online Directory - i-Pegasus liqonga le-intanethi elibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini kuwo onke amashishini ahlukeneyo kulo lonke elaseBulgaria. Fumana iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe pegasus-bg.org. 6 . BULSOCIAL Yellow amaphepha-Uluhlu olukhethekileyo oludwelisa iinkampani ezenza imicimbi yoluntu okanye ezinikezela ngeenkonzo zentlalontle ezifana nezempilo okanye imfundo inokufunyanwa ku-bulyellow.net/bulsocial/. 7 . I-Varadinum Yellow Melonidae Directory (ngesiBulgaria: Врадински Златен Атлас на Мелоидиите) igxile ikakhulu kwiimveliso zolimo kunye namashishini asemaphandleni ngaphakathi elizweni - http://www.varadinum.net Ezi zikhokelo zephepha elityheli ziqulethe ulwazi oluxabisekileyo olufana neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano (idilesi, iinombolo zomnxeba), iiwebhusayithi (ukuba zikhona), kunye neenkcazo malunga neenkampani okanye ababoneleli ngenkonzo kuwo wonke amacandelo ahlukeneyo kuquka ububele, ukuthengisa, ukhathalelo lwempilo, indawo yokuhlala, ukuthutha njl. nceda abahlali basekhaya kunye neendwendwe zamazwe ngamazwe zikhangela iimveliso okanye iinkonzo ezithile ngaphakathi kweBulgaria.

Amaqonga amakhulu orhwebo

EBulgaria, kukho amaqonga amakhulu e-e-commerce apho unokuthenga khona iimveliso ezahlukeneyo kwi-Intanethi. Nazi ezinye zezona zibalaseleyo kunye needilesi zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. i-EMAG (www.emag.bg): Omnye wabathengisi abakhulu be-intanethi eBulgaria, enikezela uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso ezibandakanya i-electronics, izixhobo zombane, izinto zefashoni, kunye nokunye. 2. I-Technomarket (www.technomarket.bg): Ukubonelela ngezixhobo zombane ezifana nee-TV, ii-smartphones, ii-laptops, kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya. 3. I-Mall.bg (www.mall.bg): Inikezela ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso ukusuka kwizinto zombane ukuya kwizinto zasekhaya ukuya kwizinto zefashoni. 4. I-AliExpress (aliexpress.com): Indawo yokuthengisa yamazwe ngamazwe eyaziwayo ethumela eBulgaria ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso kumaxabiso akhuphisanayo. 5. Оzone.bg (www.ozone.bg): Ivenkile yeencwadi ekwi-intanethi ekwabonelela ngezinto zombane, iithoyi, iimveliso zobuhle nokunye. 6. Аsos.com: Iyaziwa ngefashoni enikezela ngefashoni yamadoda nabasetyhini kubandakanya iimpahla, izincedisi, kunye nezihlangu. 7. Технополис: Ijolisa ekuthengiseni izinto zombane ezifana neekhompyutha, izixhobo zeaudio-visual kunye nezixhobo zasendlwini. 8. Зони 24: Incutshe ekuthengiseni iimpahla zasekhaya njengempahla yefenitshala Izixhobo zangaphandle Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yeeplatifti ze-e-commerce eziphambili eBulgaria apho unokuthenga ngokulula ukusuka kwikhaya lakho okanye naphina ngoqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi!

Amaqonga amakhulu eendaba zoluntu

IBulgaria, ilizwe elikuMzantsi-mpuma Yurophu, ineseti yayo yamaqonga eendaba ezentlalo. Nazi ezinye ezidumileyo: 1. I-Facebook (www.facebook.com) - I-Facebook yeyona ndawo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-social media eBulgaria. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba banxibelelane nabahlobo, babelane ngohlaziyo kunye neefoto, bajoyine amaqela, kwaye banxibelelane ngencoko okanye iifowuni zevidiyo. 2. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com) - I-Instagram yolunye ukhetho oludumileyo phakathi kwamaBulgaria ukwabelana ngezithombe kunye neevidiyo ezimfutshane kunye nabalandeli babo. Ikwabonelela ngezinto ezinje ngamabali kunye ne-IGTV kumxholo obandakanya ngakumbi. 3. I-LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com) - I-LinkedIn yiplani yokunxibelelana yobuchwephesha apho iingcali zaseBulgaria zikwazi ukudibanisa nabalingane, bahlolisise amathuba emisebenzi, kwaye babonise izakhono zabo namava. 4. I-Vbox7 (www.vbox7.com) - I-Vbox7 liqonga laseBulgaria lokwabelana ngevidiyo kwi-intanethi efana ne-YouTube apho abasebenzisi banokulayisha khona, babelane, babukele iividiyo zomculo, iimuvi, uthotho lweTV kunye neevidiyo zobuqu. 5. I-Netlog (www.netlog.bg) - I-Netlog yiwebhusayithi ye-intanethi ye-social network yaseBulgaria evumela abasebenzisi ukuba benze iiprofayili, badibanise nabahlobo okanye abantu abatsha malunga nemidla ekwabelwana ngayo. 6. I-bTV Media Group Social Pages - i-bTV Media Group ingabanini amajelo ohlukeneyo kamabonakude eBulgaria adibanise amaphepha osasazo oluntu aquka amaphepha e-Facebook e-bTV News (news.btv.bg), iNova TV Entertainment (nova.bg), Diema TV Series & Iimuvi (diemaonline.bg), phakathi kwabanye. 7. I-LiveJournal Bulgaria Community (blog.livejournal.bg/) - I-LiveJournal inoluntu olusebenzayo eBulgaria inika abasebenzisi amandla okwenza iiblogi zomntu okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo kwiiblogi ezikhoyo kwizihloko ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwindlela yokuphila ukuya kwezopolitiko. 8.Twitter(https://twitter.com/Bulgaria)- I-Twitter isebenza njengeqonga lohlaziyo lweendaba oluvela kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo okanye abantu abakhoyo phakathi kweBulgaria beqaqambisa izihloko ezihamba phambili ezifanelekileyo kwilizwe. Le yimizekelo nje yamaqonga eendaba ezentlalo asetyenziswa ngabantu baseBulgaria. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kunokubakho amanye amaqonga e-niche okanye amaqonga avelayo adumileyo kumaqela athile okanye imimandla yaseBulgaria.

Imibutho emikhulu yoshishino

IBulgaria lilizwe elikuMzantsi-mpuma Yurophu. Inoqoqosho olwahlukeneyo kunye namashishini amakhulu aliqela. Uluhlu olungezantsi lweminye yemibutho ephambili yoshishino eBulgaria kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. I-Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BCCI) - Umbutho omdala omele umdla wamashishini aseBulgaria kuwo onke amacandelo. umthombo: https://www.bcci.bg/ 2. Umbutho wamashishini amancinci naphakathi (ASME) - Imele umdla wamashishini amancinci naphakathi eBulgaria. umthombo: http://www.asme-bg.org/ 3. I-Bulgarian Industrial Association (BIA) - Umbutho osebenzela ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwezoshishino, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha, kunye noshishino. Umthombo: https://bia-bg.com/en 4. I-Bulgarian Constructors 'Chamber (BCC) - Imele iinkampani zokwakha, iikontraki, iinjineli, abakhi bezakhiwo, kunye nezinye iingcali kwishishini lokwakha. Umthombo: https://bcc.bg/en 5. Umbutho weeNkampani zeTekhnoloji yoLwazi (AITC) - Imele iinkampani ezisebenza kwicandelo le-IT eBulgaria. umthombo: http://aitcbg.org/ 6. I-Bulgarian Hoteliers & Restaurateurs Association (BHRA) - Iqumrhu elimele ihotele kunye neshishini lokutyela eBulgaria. umthombo: https://www.bg-site.net/thbhra/index_en.php 7. IBulgarian Energy Holding EAD (BEH) - Inkampani ephethe urhulumente ejongene namashishini amaninzi anxulumene namandla aquka ukuveliswa kombane, ukuhanjiswa, ukuhanjiswa, njl. umthombo: http://www.bgenh.com/index.php?lang=en 8. IManyano ye-Electronics Microelectronics Electrical Engineering Associations (UElectroSrereza)- Umbutho omele imibutho ebandakanyekayo kwimveliso yombane kunye nobunjineli bombane. umthombo: http://uems-bg.org/en/ Nceda uqaphele ukuba olu luhlu aluphelelanga njengoko kukho eminye imibutho emininzi esebenza kumacandelo athile okanye imimandla ngaphakathi kweBulgaria.

Iiwebhusayithi zeshishini kunye norhwebo

IBulgaria lilizwe elikuMzantsi-mpuma Yurophu, elaziwa ngembali yalo etyebileyo kunye nelifa lenkcubeko. Ilizwe lineewebhusayithi ezininzi zezoqoqosho nezorhwebo ezibonelela ngolwazi malunga namathuba oshishino, amathuba otyalo-mali, kunye namanani orhwebo. Apha ngezantsi zezona webhusayithi zidumileyo kwezoqoqosho kunye nezorhwebo eBulgaria kunye nee-URL zazo: 1. I-Arhente ye-Invest Bulgaria - Le arhente karhulumente ijolise ekutsaleni utyalo-mali kweli lizwe ngokubonelela ngolwazi kumashishini ahlukeneyo, inkuthazo, kunye neeprojekthi zotyalo-mali. -URL: https://www.investbg.government.bg/en/ 2. I-Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry - I-Chamber imele umdla wamashishini aseBulgaria ngaphakathi nakwamanye amazwe ngokubonelela ngamathuba onxibelelwano, ukubonisana kwezoshishino, uphando lweemarike, njl. - URL: https://www.bcci.bg/?lang=en 3. UbuPhathiswa bezoQoqosho - Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni inika ingqiqo kwimigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho ephunyezwe eBulgaria kunye nokuhlaziywa kweendaba ezinxulumene namacandelo ahlukeneyo. -URL: http://www.mi.government.bg/en/ 4. National Statistical Institute - Eli ziko libonelela ngeenkcukacha-manani ezibanzi malunga nemiba eyahlukeneyo yoqoqosho lwaseBulgaria kubandakanywa izinga lokukhula kwe-GDP, izinga lengqesho, izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso, njl. - URL: https://www.nsi.bg/en 5. Bulgarian Exporters Directory - Uluhlu lwe-intanethi apho unokufumana uluhlu lwabathengisi baseBulgaria abahlelwa ngokwecandelo loshishino. -URL: http://bulgaria-export.com/ 6. Tyala i-Sofia – i-Arhente yoTyalo-mali ye-Sofia iququzelela utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle kwisixeko esilikomkhulu i-Sofia kwaye ibonelela ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga nokwenza ushishino apho. -URL: https://investsofia.com/en/ 7. I-Enterprise Europe Network-Bulgaria – Inxalenye yeqonga elikhulu laseYurophu elikhuthaza iinzame zokusebenzisana kwamanye amazwe phakathi kwamashishini amancinci ngokunikezela ngeenkonzo zokumatanisa ubuhlakani bamazwe ngamazwe okanye amathuba okutshintshiselana ngeteknoloji. -URL: https://een.ec.europa.eu/about/branches/bulgaria/republic-bulgaria-chamber-commerce-and-industry-section-european-information-and-innovation Ezi webhusayithi zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezixabisekileyo kubantu kunye namashishini afuna ulwazi malunga noqoqosho lwaseBulgaria, amathuba otyalo-mali, imimiselo yeshishini, kunye neenkcukacha zorhwebo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphonononge ezi sayithi ngakumbi ukuqokelela ulwazi oluthe ngqo ngokusekwe kwizinto onomdla kuzo okanye iinjongo zakho.

Iiwebhusayithi zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi apho unokufumana idatha yokurhweba eBulgaria. Nazi ezinye zazo: 1. Iziko leSizwe loBalo laseBulgaria (NSI): -Iwebhusayithi: https://www.nsi.bg/en - I-NSI ibonelela ngeenkcukacha-manani ezibanzi, kubandakanywa izibalo zorhwebo, zelizwe. Banecandelo elizinikeleyo kwiwebhusayithi yabo apho unokufikelela kulwazi olunxulumene norhwebo. 2. IBhanki yeSizwe yaseBulgaria (BNB): -Iwebhusayithi: https://www.bnb.bg - I-BNB yibhanki ephakathi yaseBulgaria kwaye ibonelela ngezalathisi ezahlukahlukeneyo zoqoqosho, kuquka izibalo zorhwebo. Ungafumana iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga nokungeniswa ngaphandle, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle, kunye nebhalansi yeentlawulo kwiwebhusayithi yabo. 3. Irejista yeBulstat: -Iwebhusayithi: https://bulstat.registryagency.bg/en - IRejista ye-Bulstat igcinwa yi-Arhente yeRegistry eBulgaria kwaye ibonelela ngokufikelela kwidatha yenkampani esemthethweni ebhaliswe kwiRejista yezoRhwebo yaseBulgaria. Nangona ingagxilwanga kuphela kwidatha yorhwebo, kunokuba luncedo ukukhangela iinkampani ezibandakanyekayo kwimisebenzi yokungenisa-ngaphandle. 4. I-Eurostat: -Iwebhusayithi: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat - I-Eurostat yiofisi yezibalo ze-European Union kwaye inikezela ngezibonakaliso ezahlukeneyo zezoqoqosho kumazwe angamalungu e-EU, kuquka iBulgaria. Ungafumana iinkcukacha-manani ezipheleleyo zokuthelekisa amazwe ahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwe-EU nakwihlabathi jikelele. 5. UMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi (i-WTO): -Iwebhusayithi: https://www.wto.org - I-WTO ibonelela ngeenkcukacha-manani zorhwebo lwehlabathi ngokusebenzisa iqonga lesiseko sedatha yeNkcazo yoRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe equka ulwazi oluhlaziyiweyo malunga norhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuhanjiswa kweenkonzo zorhwebo. Khumbula ukujonga iiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni rhoqo njengoko zinokubonelela ngolwazi oluhlaziyiweyo kwidatha yorhwebo yaseBulgaria.

amaqonga B2b

IBulgaria, ekuMzantsi-mpuma weYurophu, ibonelela ngamaqonga eB2B aliqela ukuze amashishini aqhagamshelane kwaye asebenzisane. La maqonga anceda iinkampani zaseBulgaria ukuba zifumane amaqabane anokubakho, ababoneleli, kunye nabathengi ngaphakathi elizweni nakwihlabathi jikelele. Nanga amanye amaqonga eB2B abalulekileyo eBulgaria kunye needilesi zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-Balkan B2B - Eli qonga liququzelela unxibelelwano lwezoshishino ngaphakathi kwingingqi ye-Balkan. Ikhuthaza unxibelelwano phakathi kweenkampani zaseBulgaria kunye namanye amashishini kumazwe afana neRomania, Greece, Turkey, kunye nokunye. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.balkanb2b.net 2. I-EUROPAGES - I-EUROPAGES yindawo yokuthengisa ye-B2B yaseYurophu eyenza amashishini aseBulgaria abonise iimveliso / iinkonzo zabo kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Ivumela abathengi abavela kumashishini ahlukeneyo ukuba bafumane ngokulula ababoneleli baseBulgaria okanye ababoneleli ngenkonzo ngokweemfuno zabo. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.europages.com 3. I-Export.bg - I-Export.bg luluhlu lweshishini lwe-intanethi olubonelela ngolwazi malunga nabathengisi be-Bulgarian kumazwe angaphandle kumacandelo ahlukeneyo aquka ezolimo, ukuvelisa, iteknoloji, njl., oko kwenza kube lula kubathengi bangaphandle ukufumana amaqabane anokuthi avela eBulgaria. 4. I-Bizuma - I-Bizuma liqonga le-e-commerce lehlabathi jikelele le-B2B elidibanisa abavelisi, abathengisi bevenkile, abasasazi abavela kwihlabathi jikelele kunye neenkampani zaseBulgaria ezifuna amathuba okukhangela okanye iimarike ezintsha zeemveliso / iinkonzo zabo. I-5.TradeFord.com - I-TradeFord.com yindawo yokuthengisa ye-B2B yamazwe ngamazwe apho abathengisi baseBulgaria bangakwazi ukuhlangabezana nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe / abathengi abanomdla wokuthenga iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezenziwe okanye eziveliswa ziinkampani zaseBulgaria. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ngelixa ezi qonga zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-B2B landscape yaseBulgaria ngexesha lokubhalwa kwale mpendulo (Septemba 2021), kubalulekile ukwenza uphando olongezelelweyo njengoko ukufumaneka kweqonga kunokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha okanye amatsha anokuvela abonelela ngeenzuzo ezizodwa kumashishini asebenza kuwo. Bhulgariya.
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