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Iimarike eziphambili
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Ilizwe jikelele
I-Afghanistan lilizwe elivaliweyo elikuMbindi weAsia, labelana ngemida nePakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, kunye neTshayina. Igubungela ummandla omalunga nezikwekhilomitha ezingama-652,864 kwaye likhaya labantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-32 bezizwe ngezizwe. Idolophu elikomkhulu yiKabul esebenza njengendawo yezopolitiko nezoqoqosho e-Afghanistan. Ilizwe linembali etyebileyo ebuyela kumawaka eminyaka kunye neempembelelo ezivela kwiinkcubeko zasePersi kunye namaSilamsi. Yayikhe yaba yindawo ebalulekileyo yokumisa kwiindlela zorhwebo zeSilk Road. Indawo yase-Afghanistan yahlukile kwaye ubukhulu becala ineentaba kunye noluhlu lweHindu Kush olulawula umbindi wengingqi. Imozulu iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekuphakameni kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ifumana ihlobo elishushu kunye nobusika obubandayo. EzoLimo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwase-Afghanistan ngaphezu kwesithathu kwikota yabemi bayo ababandakanyeka kulimo okanye ukufuya imfuyo. Izityalo eziphambili ziquka ingqolowa, umbona, iziqhamo (ezifana neediliya kunye neerharnati), amandongomane (njengee-almonds), kunye nomqhaphu. Ilizwe linobutyebi obuninzi bendalo obuquka irhasi yendalo, amalahle, ikopolo, intsimbi ekrwada, kunye namatye anqabileyo anjengeemeralds. Nangona kunjalo, iziseko zophuhliso lwemigodi ezi zixhobo zihlala zingaphuhliswanga ngenxa yeenkxalabo eziqhubekayo zokhuseleko. I-Afghanistan iye yajongana nemiceli mngeni emininzi kwimbali ebandakanya uhlaselo lwamazwe angaphandle, ulawulo lwamajoni aseTaliban, kunye neengxabano eziqhubekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela ekugxothweni kolawulo lweTaliban ngo-2001, ilizwe lenze iinzame zozinzo, ukwakha ngokutsha amaziko, kunye nokuseka ulawulo lwedemokhrasi. inkxaso evela kumaqabane amazwe ngamazwe. Nangona kukho inkqubela eyenziweyo, i-Afghanistan isaqhubeka nokujongana nemingeni yentlalo, yezoqoqosho, kunye nokhuseleko.Amazinga entlupheko aphezulu ngelixa ukufikelela kwimfundo kunye neenkonzo zonyango kusahleli kunqongophele ngakumbi kubantu basetyhini. Ubume boluntu, imithetho, izithethe, kunye nezenzo zolawulo kuluntu kuzwelonke. Ukuqukumbela, i-Afghanistan sisizwe esityebileyo kwimbali, imihlaba eyohlukeneyo ngokwenkcubeko, ubutyebi bendalo, kwaye yenze imitsi eya ekwakheni ngokutsha nasekuzinziseni emva kweminyaka yongquzulwano.Noko kunjalo, ijongene nemingeni emininzi phambi kokuzuza uxolo oluhlala luhleli, impumelelo, kunye nophuhliso.
Imali yeSizwe
Imeko yemali e-Afghanistan yahlukile. Imali esemthethweni yase-Afghanistan yi-Afghan afghani (AFN). Ibiyimali yesizwe ukusukela ngo-1925. I-afghani enye yahlulwe yaba yi-100 pul. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-Afghanistan ijongene nemingeni yezoqoqosho kwiminyaka yamuva nje ngenxa yokungazinzi kwezopolitiko kunye neengxabano eziqhubekayo. Ixabiso le-afghani liye lafumana ukuguquguquka okubalulekileyo ngenxa yoko. Ngokwemilinganiselo yotshintshiselwano, kunokuba nzima ukufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo noluhambelanayo ngenxa yemeko eguquguqukayo yoqoqosho lwase-Afghan. Izinga lonaniselwano xa lithelekiswa neemali ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe liyaguquguquka rhoqo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kumashishini nakubantu ukuba baqikelele okanye bacwangcise ngokufanelekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yeenkxalabo zokhuseleko kunye nokungabikho kokuzithemba kumaziko emali asekuhlaleni, abantu abaninzi baqhuba urhwebo usebenzisa iidola zase-US okanye ezinye iimali zangaphandle endaweni yokuthembela kuphela kwi-afghani. Esi senzo sixhaphake kakhulu kwizixeko ezikhulu apho urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwenzeka khona. Ngamafutshane, imeko yemali yase-Afghanistan iphawulwa ngokudityaniswa okuntsokothileyo kwemali yesizwe esemthethweni (i-Afghan afghani), ukuguquguquka kumaxabiso otshintshiselwano, ukuthembela kwiimali zangaphandle njengeedola zaseMelika ngeenjongo zorhwebo, kunye nemingeni yezoqoqosho ngokubanzi ebangelwa kukungazinzi kwezopolitiko kunye neengxabano eziqhubekayo.
Imali yokutshintsha
Imali esemthethweni yase-Afghanistan yi-Afghan Afghani (AFN). Amaxabiso otshintshiselwano ngeemali ezinkulu zehlabathi zinokuhluka, ngoko ke akunakwenzeka ukubonelela ngedatha ethile ngaphandle kolwazi lwexesha langempela. Nceda ubhekisele kwimithombo yemali ethembekileyo okanye uqhagamshelane nomguquleli wemali ngemilinganiselo yamva nje yotshintshiselwano.
Iiholide ezibalulekileyo
I-Afghanistan, ilizwe elivaliweyo kuMbindi Asia, libhiyozela iminyhadala emininzi ebalulekileyo unyaka wonke. Le mithendeleko idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkcubeko yase-Afghan kwaye ijongwa ngabantu abavela kwiintlanga ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolo. Nazi ezinye zeeholide eziphawulekayo zase-Afghan: 1. I-Nowruz: I-Nowruz iphawula ukuqala koNyaka oMtsha wase-Afghan kwaye ibhiyozelwa nge-21 kaMatshi. Ngumthendeleko wamandulo wasePersi obonisa ukuzalwa kwakhona kunye nokuhlaziywa. Abantu base-Afghan babhiyozela olu suku ngokubamba amatheko amnandi, ukutyelela usapho kunye nabahlobo, ukutshintshiselana izipho, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kumculo wesintu kunye nomdaniso. 2. Usuku lweNkululeko: Ibhiyozelwa ngo-Agasti 19th, uSuku lweNkululeko lukhumbula ukuzimela kwe-Afghanistan kulawulo lwaseBritani ngo-1919. Ngaloo mini, iziganeko zenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo zenzeke kulo lonke ilizwe kunye nemidaniso ebonisa imibala yeflegi yesizwe yase-Afghanistan - emnyama, ebomvu, eluhlaza - imidaniso yenkcubeko, imidlalo yomculo ebonisa ukuthanda izwe. 3. I-Eid al-Fitr: Omnye weyona mithendeleko ibalulekileyo yamaSilamsi kwihlabathi liphela yi-Eid al-Fitr okanye "uMthendeleko Wokwaphula Ukukhawuleza." Lo mnyhadala uphawula ukuphela kweRamadan (ixesha lokuzila ukutya elithabatha inyanga yonke) ngokusekwe kuqwalaselo lwekhalenda yenyanga yamaSilamsi. E-Afghanistan, iintsapho ziyahlangana ukuze zabelane ngezidlo zomsitho kunye ngelixa zinxibe iimpahla ezintsha njengophawu lwemibhiyozo yolonwabo. 4. I-Eid al-Adha: Enye iholide yamaSilamsi ebalulekileyo ebonwa kwihlabathi jikelele yi-Eid al-Adha okanye "uMthendeleko wedini." Le holide ihlonipha ukuzimisela kuka-Ibrahim ukunikela ngonyana wakhe njengesenzo sokholo kodwa ekugqibeleni wenza idini ngesilwanyana endaweni yomyalelo kaThixo. Abantu base-Afghan babhiyozela olu suku ngokwenza imithandazo kwii-mosque ezilandelwa kukwabelana ngenyama yezilwanyana zamadini kunye namalungu osapho kunye nabo bangathathi ntweni. Usuku lwe-5.Usuku lweSizwe / Usuku lweRevolution (Apr 28): Le holide yelizwe ikhumbula ukubhukuqwa kuka-Mohammad Daoud Khan kwi-1978 eyakhokelela kulawulo lwamakomanisi ngaphambi kokunikezela ngohlaselo olupheleleyo lweSoviet ngoDisemba 1979. , yaye banyanzelela izigidi elubhacweni ngaphambi kwexesha. I-Afghanistan ibhiyozela olu suku ngemiboniso, iziganeko zenkcubeko kunye neziqhumane. Le yiminyhadala embalwa ebalulekileyo ebhiyozelwa e-Afghanistan. Ezi holide zibambe ukubaluleka okunzulu kwenkcubeko, inkolo, kunye nembali kubantu base-Afghan, ukukhuthaza umanyano, imibhiyozo evuyisayo kunye nokuzingca kwesizwe phakathi kwabantu bayo.
Imeko yoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle
I-Afghanistan, ekuMbindi weAsia, lilizwe elivaliweyo elinoqoqosho olwahlukeneyo oluxhomekeke kakhulu kwezolimo kunye nemithombo yendalo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeminyaka yongquzulwano kunye nokungazinzi kwezopolitiko, imeko yayo yorhwebo ihlala ingumceli mngeni. Iimveliso eziphambili ze-Afghanistan ziquka iimveliso zezolimo ezifana neziqhamo ezomisiweyo (ingakumbi iirasentyisi), iziqhamo ezitsha (kubandakanya iirharnati kunye neapilkosi), amandongomane (njengepistachios kunye neealmonds), kunye noboya. Ilizwe likwanoovimba abakhulu bezimbiwa ezifana nobhedu, intsimbi ekrwada, igolide, i-lithium, kunye negesi yendalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Afghanistan ithembele kakhulu ekuthengisweni kweempahla ezahlukeneyo ezifana neemveliso zokutya (ingqolowa kunye neswekile), iimveliso zepetroleum kwiimfuno zamandla, oomatshini beeprojekthi zophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo, iikhemikhali zamashishini, amayeza ngenjongo yokunakekelwa kwempilo, izithuthi zeemfuno zokuthutha. Elinye lamaqabane amakhulu e-Afghanistan yiPakistan engummelwane. Isebenza njengendlela ebalulekileyo yokuhamba edibanisa i-Afghanistan kunye neemarike zehlabathi ngokusebenzisa izibuko laseKarachi. Amanye amaqabane orhwebo abalulekileyo aquka i-Indiya, i-Iran, inethiwekhi kaloliwe yase-China-Kazakhstan-Turkmenistan ngokunqumla umda we-Hairatan. Urhulumente wase-Afghan wenze iinzame zokuphucula imeko yezorhwebo yelizwe ngokutyikitya izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana neWorld Trade Organisation protocol ngo-2016. Ukongeza; ijolise ekutsaleni utyalo-mali lwamazwe angaphandle ngamaphulo anika inkuthazo yerhafu kunye nokulungelelanisa iinkqubo ze-bureaucratic. Nangona kunjalo; imiceli mngeni eyahlukeneyo ithintela ukukhula korhwebo lwase-Afghan kuquka neziseko ezingundoqo ezibuthathaka njengothungelwano lwezothutho olungonelanga okwenza kubenzima ukuthumela ngaphandle. Ngaphaya koko; urhwaphilizo luhlala lungumba ochaphazela iinkqubo zokungenisa elizweni/ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kunye neenkxalabo zokhuseleko ezichaphazela ukuwela imida enegalelo ekulibazisekeni kunye neendleko ezongezelelweyo ezinciphisa ukhuphiswano kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuququmbela; I-Afghanistan ijongene nemiqobo ebalulekileyo kwicandelo layo lezorhwebo ngenxa yeengxabano eziqhubekayo kunye nokungazinzi kwezopolitiko eziphazamisa ukukhula koqoqosho kunye nemigudu yokwahlukana. Isicwangciso
Uphuhliso lweMakethi olunokubakho
I-Afghanistan lilizwe elivaliweyo elikuMbindi nakuMzantsi Asia, elinabemi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-38. Ngaphandle kokujongana nemiceli mngeni emininzi efana nokungazinzi kwezopolitiko, iinkxalabo zokhuseleko, kunye neziseko zophuhliso ezibuthathaka, i-Afghanistan inamandla angenakulinganiswa ngokwentengiso yayo yangaphandle. Umba omnye obalulekileyo we-Afghanistan yokuthumela ngaphandle ixhomekeke kubutyebi bayo bendalo obutyebileyo. Eli lizwe laziwa ngokuba nguvimba omkhulu wegesi yendalo, i-petroleum, amalahle, ubhedu, igolide, amatye anqabileyo nezinye izimbiwa ezixabisekileyo. Ukuphononongwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo kungakhuthaza utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle (i-FDI) kunye nokunyusa ukuthengiswa kwelizwe ngaphandle. Ukongeza kwimithombo yendalo, i-Afghanistan inembali ende yemveliso yezolimo. Umhlaba ochumileyo kunye nemozulu entle iququzelela ukulinywa kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya ingqolowa, umbona, irhasi, iziqhamo ezinjengeediliya kunye neerharnati, kunye neemveliso ezifana nesafroni. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela zala maxesha zokulima kunye nokuphucula iziseko zophuhliso emva kokuvuna ezifana neendawo zokupakisha okanye amakhonkco okugcina okubanda – isizwe sinokwandisa kakhulu ukuthengiswa kwezolimo kumazwe angaphandle. Ngaphaya koko, imisebenzi yezandla yase-Afghan iye yafumana ukuqondwa kumazwe ngamazwe ngobungangamsha bayo kunye noyilo oluntsonkothileyo. Iikhaphethi ezigqwesileyo, iimpahla zemveli (ezifana neempahla ezihonjisiweyo), izinto ezenziwe ngodongwe, izinto ezenziwe ngamaplanga, izacholo, iimpahla zesikhumba, iiragi, kunye namalaphu zinika amathuba abalulekileyo okuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle kweli lizwe ukuba liwaxhaphaze. Ukusebenzisa olu rhwebo lunokubakho ngokupheleleyo , amanyathelo ayafuneka ukuze kuphuculwe uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo ngakumbi - ngakumbi uthungelwano lwezothutho olufana neendlela, oololiwe, kunye namazibuko - ukuze iimpahla zibe nokuthuthwa ngokufanelekileyo ngaphakathi okanye zithunyelwe kumazwe angaphandle. Ngaphaya koko, iinzame ezibhekiselele kuzinzo olukhulu lwezopolitiko, isiqinisekiso sokhuseleko kwimisebenzi yabavukeli, kunye namanyathelo okulwa urhwaphilizo aya kukhuthaza ukuzithemba kwabatyali-zimali okuya kuba negalelo ekuphononongeni urhwebo lwangaphandle nangakumbi. Ukwakha ubudlelwane obuluqilima bamazwe amabini kwiimarike zengingqi kukwabalulekile kuphuhliso lorhwebo lwangaphandle lwase-Afghanistan lunikwe indawo yalo yobuchule edibanisa uMzantsi Asia noMbindi Asia. abarhwebi ukuseka ubudlelwane bexesha elide kunye nokwandisa ukufikelela kwimarike. Ukuqukumbela, i-Afghanistan inamandla amakhulu ngokubhekiselele kuphuhliso lwemarike yorhwebo yangaphandle. Ngokusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo izibonelelo zayo zendalo, ukuphucula imveliso yezolimo, ukukhuthaza imisebenzi yezandla, ukuphucula iziseko zophuhliso, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokudala intsebenziswano eqinile yengingqi, ilizwe liyakwazi ukuvula amandla alo angenakulinganiswa kwaye likhulise uqoqosho. ukukhula ngokwandiswa kwamathuba okuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle.
Iimveliso ezishushu ezithengiswayo kwimarike
Xa kuqwalaselwa iimveliso ezithengiswayo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe e-Afghanistan, kubalulekile ukugxila kwizinto ezihambelana neemfuno kunye nokukhethwa kwelizwe. Nanga amanye amacebiso okuthengisa izinto ezishushu kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwase-Afghanistan: 1. EzoLimo kunye neeMveliso zoKutya: Ngoqoqosho olukhulu lwezolimo, kukho imfuno ephezulu yeemveliso zezolimo ezifana neziqhamo ezitsha, imifuno, iindongomane (ezifana neealmondi kunye neepistachios), isafron, kunye neziqholo. Izinto eziphilayo kunye ne-halal-certified zixabiswa ngokukodwa. 2. Izinto ezilukiweyo: Kukho imfuno emandla yezinto zempahla ezifana neelokhwe zemveli zase-Afghan (ezifana ne-perahan tunban) ezenziwe ngamalaphu asekuhlaleni kunye nobugcisa. Ukongeza, amalaphu anjengekhaphethi, iiragi, iitshawuli, izikhafu ezenziwe ngoboya okanye isilika inokuba lukhetho oludumileyo lokuthumela ngaphandle. 3. Izinto zoKwakha: Njengoko i-Afghanistan iqhubeka nokwakha iziseko zayo, izinto zokwakha ezifana nesamente, imivalo yentsimbi, iithayile / iibhastile / iigraniti ezisetyenziselwa umgangatho okanye udonga olugubungelayo lunamandla amahle kwimarike. 4. Imisebenzi yezandla: Imisebenzi yezandla yase-Afghan yonwabela ukuthandwa okukhulu ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngenxa yoyilo olulodwa kunye nobuchule bayo. Izinto ezinje ngodongwe / i-ceramics (ezenziwe kusetyenziswa ubuchule bendabuko), umthi / imizobo / ifenitshala evela kwi-walnut okanye i-mulberry wood zifunwa kakhulu. 5. IziBonelelo zezeMigodi: I-Afghanistan inobutyebi obuzimbiwa obuninzi obuquka i-copper ore/ingots/nuggets/billets/alloys/plates/sheets/strips/wires phakathi kwezinye ezininzi ezinokuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ngokwemigaqo yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. 6. Amachiza/Izixhobo zonyango: Icandelo lokhathalelo lwempilo e-Afghanistan lifuna amayeza asemgangathweni- ngakumbi amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane/ amayeza okugonya/iyeza lokuthomalalisa iintlungu-kunye nezixhobo zonyango ezifana noomatshini bokuxilonga/izixhobo ezifana noomatshini be-x-ray/i-ultrasonography(i-Echocardiogram) izixhobo/izixhobo ze-PPE zinokubakho. iimveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. 7.IziXhobo zeCandelo laMandla - Ngenxa yokukhula kwemigudu yoshishino kumacandelo amandla izisombululo zamandla ahlaziyekayo/izixhobo/izixhobo(ilanga/umoya/i-biogas) zinesakhono esihle. 8. I-Electronics yabathengi: Imfuno yezinto zombane ezifana nee-smartphones, iilaptops, izixhobo zasekhaya ezinjengeefriji, oomabonakude, kunye neenkqubo zesandisi-lizwi ikhula ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwabemi basezidolophini. 9. IiNkonzo zeMfundo: Ukubonelela ngezisombululo ze-e-learning kwimfundo ekude kwiindawo apho ukufikelela kunqongopheleyo esikolweni kunokuba lithuba leshishini elinengeniso. Khumbula ukwenza uphando lwemarike kwaye uhlalutye iimfuno zabathengi ngamaxesha athile. Ukuphuhlisa uthungelwano oluluqilima losasazo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokhetho lwenkcubeko yasekhaya kuya kunceda ukuseka ubukho obunempumelelo kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwase-Afghanistan.
Iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboo
I-Afghanistan lilizwe elivaliweyo kuMzantsi Asia elaziwa ngobutyebi belifa lenkcubeko kunye nembali enesiphithiphithi. Xa kuziwa ekuqondeni iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboos e-Afghanistan, amanqaku amaninzi abalulekileyo kufuneka athathelwe ingqalelo. Iimpawu zoMthengi: 1. Ububele: Abantu base-Afghan baziwa ngobubele babo obufudumeleyo kunye nesisa kwiindwendwe. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba bameme iindwendwe emakhayeni abo baze babanike iti okanye ukutya. 2. Ubudlelwane obuluqilima boluntu: Abantu base-Afghan banembono eyomeleleyo yentlalo kunye nemilinganiselo yosapho. Ukwenziwa kwezigqibo kudla ngokubandakanya ukubonisana nabadala okanye ukufuna imvume kumalungu entsapho. 3. Ukuhlonela abasemagunyeni: Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu baseAfghan babahlonela gqitha abasemagunyeni, njengabazali, iinkokeli zonqulo namagosa karhulumente. 4. Isithethe sexabiso: Amasiko emveli axatyiswe kakhulu e-Afghanistan, kuquka ulwimi, izimbo zokunxiba (njengesinxibo sase-Afghan), umculo, imidaniso efana ne-Attan, kunye nezithethe zonqulo. IMithitho yeNkcubeko: 1. Unqulo: UbuSilamsi lolona nqulo lugqugqisileyo e-Afghanistan lunenkqubo yonqulo engqongqo elandelwa luninzi lwabemi. Kubalulekile ukuzihlonela ezi nkolelo kwaye uphephe nayiphi na ihambo yokungahloneli inkolo okanye abantu benkolo. 2. Iindima zesini: Iindima zesini zemveli zixhaphakile kuluntu lwase-Afghan; amabhinqa alindeleke ukuba abambelele kwimigaqo yokunxiba endilisekileyo nezinto ezithile ezilindelwe luluntu ngokuphathelele ukuziphatha. 3. Indawo yobuqu: Ukudibana ngokwasemzimbeni phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi abangazalaniyo kunokubonwa kakubi ngaphandle kokuba kuqaliswe ngumntu wesini esifanayo kwimeko efanelekileyo. 4.Kuyeke ukuxoxa imixholo ephikisanayo ngokuphandle njengezopolitiko okanye imiba enobuzaza enxulumene nezithethe zasekuhlaleni ezinokuthi zixhokonxe ukruthakruthwano ekuhlaleni. Kubalulekile ukusondela kunxibelelwano lweshishini ngobuntununtunu kwinkcubeko yase-Afghan ngelixa ugcina ezi mpawu kunye ne-taboos engqondweni ukuze ungakhubekisi nabani na ngempazamo.
Inkqubo yolawulo lweCustoms
Inkqubo yolawulo lwempahla ephumayo e-Afghanistan idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokukhusela imida yelizwe. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwempahla kunye nabantu abangena okanye abaphuma e-Afghanistan, iinkqubo ezithile kunye nemimiselo ziphunyezwa kwiindawo zokuhlola izithethe. Okokuqala, abatyeleli abangena e-Afghanistan kufuneka babe nencwadana yokundwendwela esebenzayo ene-visa efanelekileyo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ujonge iimfuno ze-visa zamva nje ngaphambi kokuya e-Afghanistan njengoko zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubuzwe bomntu kunye nenjongo yokutyelela. Abahambi kusenokufuneka bagcwalise iphetshana lokungena xa befika. Kwimida yokunqumla, yonke imithwalo iphantsi kokuhlolwa kwecustom. Kubalulekile ukuba abahambi bachaze naziphi na izinto ezifuna ukuhoywa ngokukodwa njengemipu, ii-narcotics, okanye izixa ezikhulu zemali. Ukungaphumeleli ukwenza oko kunokukhokelela ekuthinjweni okanye kwimiphumo yezomthetho. I-Afghanistan isebenzisa imisebenzi kwizinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngokusekwe kwishedyuli yayo yoluhlu lwamaxabiso. Zonke iimpahla ezingena okanye eziphumayo kweli lizwe zinokuba phantsi kweerhafu ngaphandle kokuba zixolelwe phantsi kwemimiselo ethile. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba abantu ababandakanyekayo kurhwebo kunye ne-Afghanistan bathobele le migaqo kwaye babhengeze ngokuchanekileyo iimpahla zabo ngexesha leenkqubo zokucoca. Xa uthumela ngaphandle imizobo exabisekileyo okanye izinto zenkcubeko ezivela e-Afghanistan, abahambi bafunwa ngumthetho ukuba bafumane iimvume eziyimfuneko kumagunya afanelekileyo kwangaphambili. Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla enjalo kumazwe angaphandle ngokungekho mthethweni kunokukhokelela kwizohlwayo eziqatha. Ukongeza, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuba amanyathelo okhuseleko kwiindawo zokujonga izithethe zase-Afghan angqongqo ngenxa yezoyikiso ezinokubakho ngenxa yemisebenzi yokuthutyeleziswa kunye neenkxalabo zobunqolobi ngaphakathi kommandla. Abahambi bafanele basebenzisane ngokupheleleyo namagosa ahlola izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle xa behlolwa kwaye balandele imiyalelo ngokucokisekileyo ngaphandle kokuxhathisa. Ukuqukumbela, abo baceba ukuhamba okanye ukubandakanyeka kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye ne-Afghanistan kufuneka baqaphele iimfuno zenkqubo yolawulo lwamasiko ezibandakanya ukuba nee-visa ezifanelekileyo, ukubhengeza izinto ezithintelweyo xa ungena / uphuma elizweni ngokuchanekileyo, ukuthobela ngokungqongqo imimiselo yerhafu malunga nokungenisa / ukuthumela ngaphandle, kunye nokuthobela. ngokupheleleyo ngohlolo olwenziwayo kwiindawo zokujonga isiko ngenxa yezenzo zobunqolobi kule mimandla ngelixa ukhumbula umsebenzi wobugcisa obuxabisekileyo kunye nezinto zenkcubeko ziyimfuneko ukwenza iimfuno zemvume eyongezelelweyo zithunyelwe kumazwe angaphandle.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu
Umgaqo-nkqubo we-Afghanistan we-import duty udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni urhwebo kunye nokuvelisa ingeniso yelizwe. Urhulumente unyanzelisa irhafu yempahla ethunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ngokusekelwe kuhlelo lwazo ngokweendidi ezahlukeneyo. Umyinge werhafu yokungenisa elizweni jikelele e-Afghanistan yi-2.5%, ngaphandle kweemveliso ezithile ezinezinga eliphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezithile eziyimfuneko ezifana nokutya, amayeza, kunye namagalelo ezolimo zixolelwe ekuhlawuleni imirhumo yokungenisa elizweni ukuqinisekisa ukufumaneka kwazo ngamaxabiso afikelelekayo. Ukongeza kumsebenzi osisiseko wokungenisa elizweni, i-Afghanistan isebenzisa iirhafu ezongezelelweyo kunye nemirhumo kwiimpahla ezithile. Umzekelo, irhafu eyongeziweyo (value-added tax) (VAT) ye-10% ihlawuliswa kwizinto zodidi oluphuma kumazwe angaphandle ezifana neemoto kunye ne-electronics. Ukukhuthaza imveliso yasekhaya kunye nokukhusela amashishini asekhaya, i-Afghanistan iphinda ibeke imisebenzi echasene nokulahla kwizinto ezixabisa ngaphantsi kweendleko zemveliso okanye ezithengiswa ngexabiso eliphantsi ngokungafanelekanga, elinceda ukuthintela ukhuphiswano olungenabulungisa kwiimarike zangaphandle. Ngaphaya koko, i-Afghanistan iseke izivumelwano zorhwebo ezikhethekileyo kunye namazwe angabamelwane afana ne-Iran nePakistan apho babonelela ngeerhafu ezicuthiweyo okanye eziyekiweyo zeempahla ezithile ukukhuthaza urhwebo lwengingqi. Kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuba iinkqubo zokukhutshwa kwempahla yempahla engena kweli zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunyanzeliseni le migaqo-nkqubo yerhafu. Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kufuneka kudlule kwiitshekhi zamaxwebhu afanelekileyo apho amagosa erhafu avavanya ixabiso lempahla evela kumazwe angaphandle ngeenjongo zokurhafisa. Ukuqukumbela, umgaqo-nkqubo we-Afghanistan werhafu yokungenisa elizweni ubandakanya umyinge werhafu jikelele we-2.5% kunye nokukhululwa kwizinto ezibalulekileyo. Iirhafu ezongezelelweyo ezifana ne-VAT zinokusebenza kwizinto zodidi oluphezulu ngelixa imilinganiselo yokuchasana nokulahla ikhusela amashishini asekuhlaleni. Izivumelwano zorhwebo ezikhethwayo zikhona kunye namazwe angabamelwane ukuququzelela urhwebo lommandla.
Iipolisi zerhafu ezithumela ngaphandle
Umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yempahla yorhwebo yase-Afghanistan ujolise ekuxhaseni nasekukhuthazeni ukukhula koqoqosho ngokurhafiswa kweempahla ezahlukeneyo. Ilizwe lixhomekeke ikakhulu kwimveliso yezolimo, izimbiwa, kunye nemithombo yendalo ukuba ithunyelwe kumazwe angaphandle, kugxilwe ekwandiseni ingeniso ngelixa kuqinisekiswa iindlela zorhwebo ezinobulungisa. Phantsi komthetho wase-Afghan, abathumeli bangaphandle kufuneka bahlawule irhafu ethile ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweempahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ezi rhafu zinceda ekuveliseni ingeniso kurhulumente kwaye zibe negalelo kuphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo kunye neenkonzo zoluntu. Iimveliso zolimo ezifana neziqhamo, imifuno, iindongomane nomqhaphu zidla ngokuhlawuliswa irhafu ephantsi okanye zixolelwe ukuze zikhuthaze ukuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokhuphiswano kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe. Esi sicwangciso sijolise ekunyuseni igalelo lezolimo kuqoqosho lwase-Afghanistan ngelixa likhuthaza uphuhliso lwasemaphandleni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimbiwa ezifana ne-ore ore, amatye anqabileyo afana ne-emeralds okanye i-lapis lazuli, amalahle, igesi yendalo okanye iimveliso ezisekelwe kwi-oyile zibandakanya iirhafu eziphezulu ngenxa yexabiso lezoqoqosho elinokubakho. Ukuphumeza amazinga erhafu anyukileyo kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ezi zixhobo zixabisekileyo ziluncedo kwiinzame zokwakha isizwe kwaye zikhusela uqoqosho oluzinzileyo lwexesha elide. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba abasemagunyeni base-Afghan baphonononga le migaqo-nkqubo yerhafu ngokusekwe kwiimeko zemarike kunye nezinto eziphambili zelizwe. Olu hlaziyo lujolise ekunikeni ulungelelwano phakathi kokukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle ngeli lixa kusenziwa ingeniso eyaneleyo yemisebenzi karhulumente ebalulekileyo. Ngokubanzi, i-Afghanistan igxininisa iindlela zorhwebo ezinobulungisa ezihambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kumgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yempahla yokuthengisa ngaphandle. Injongo ayikokunyusa ingeniso kuphela kodwa kwanokuqinisekisa amathuba alinganayo okufikelela kwiimarike kunye nokhuphiswano lwehlabathi ngokuhambelana nezicwangciso-qhinga zokukhula koqoqosho oluzinzileyo.
Iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle
I-Afghanistan, ekuMzantsi Asia, lilizwe elivaliweyo nelinembali yokuvelisa iimpahla ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa ekhaya kunye norhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho kunye nokukhuseleka kokuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe, i-Afghanistan iphumeze inkqubo yesatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle. Isatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle e-Afghanistan kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi ekufuneka abathengisi bangaphandle bawalandele. Okokuqala, abathumeli bangaphandle kufuneka babhalise ishishini labo kwi-Afghan Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ACCI). Le nkqubo yobhaliso inceda ekulawuleni nasekubekeni iliso kwimisebenzi yokuthumela ngaphandle elizweni. Okwesibini, abathumeli bangaphandle kufuneka bafumane izatifikethi ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweemveliso abanqwenela ukuzithumela ngaphandle. Umzekelo, iimveliso zezolimo zifuna izatifikethi ze-phytosanitary ezikhutshwe nguMphathiswa wezoLimo, ukunkcenkceshela, kunye nemfuyo (MAIL). Esi satifikethi siqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zezolimo ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yezempilo yehlabathi kwizitshabalalisi kunye nezifo. Ukongeza, kwiimveliso ezenziwe e-Afghan ezifana nempahla okanye imisebenzi yezandla efuna ukuqondwa kumazwe ngamazwe ngobunyani babo okanye amabango emvelaphi, abathumeli bangaphandle banokufaka isicelo sesiqinisekiso seZibonakaliso zeJografi (GI). Isiqinisekiso se-GI siqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu ezithile okanye iimpawu zemveliso zisekwe kwimvelaphi yayo ngokwejografi e-Afghanistan. Ngaphaya koko, amanye amashishini anokufuna izatifikethi zokuthobela ukubonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yobugcisa obuthile okanye imigangatho esekwe ngamazwe angenisayo. Ezi zatifikethi zisebenza njengobungqina bokuba iimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zizalisekisa iimfuno zokhuseleko ezinxulumene neendlela zokulawula umgangatho okanye amanyathelo okukhusela okusingqongileyo. Okokugqibela, ngaphambi kokuthumela ngaphandle nakuphi na ukuthengisa ngaphandle kwemida ye-Afghanistan, abathumeli-mpahla ngaphandle kufuneka bagqibezele iinkqubo zesithethe kwiindawo zokujonga umda apho amaxwebhu afana nee-invoyisi zorhwebo kunye noluhlu lokupakisha lujongwa ngokucokisekileyo ngamagosa athumela impahla. Ukuqukumbela, isatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle kwe-Afghanistan kuyahlangabezana nemigangatho yehlabathi. Ngobhaliso olufanelekileyo kunye ne-ACCI kunye nokufumana iziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo ezifana nezatifikethi ze-phytosanitary okanye iziqinisekiso ze-GI ukuba ziyasebenza), abathumeli bangaphandle base-Afghan banegalelo ekwakheni ukuthembana phakathi kwabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ngelixa bethengisa iimveliso zabo ezenziwe ekhaya phesheya.
Ulungiselelo lolungiselelo olucetyiswayo
I-Afghanistan, ilizwe elivaliweyo elikuMbindi we-Asiya, yaziwa ngomhlaba wayo omagqagala kunye nembali yenkcubeko etyebileyo. Ngaphandle kwemingeni ebangelwa kukungazinzi kwezopolitiko kunye neenkxalabo zokhuseleko eziqhubekayo, kusekho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokhetho lweenkonzo zolungiselelo elizweni. Xa kufikwa ekuthumeleni iimpahla eAfghanistan, enye yeendlela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kuthutho lomoya. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya iHamid Karzai International eKabul sisebenza njengendawo yokuqala yokungena kwimpahla yamazwe ngamazwe. Iinqwelomoya ezininzi zemithwalo ezifana ne-DHL, i-FedEx, kunye ne-UPS zisebenza ngeenqwelomoya rhoqo eziya e-Afghanistan, ziququzelela imisebenzi yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. Ngelixa uthutho lomoya lunokubiza imali eninzi, lubonelela ngamaxesha ohambo olukhawulezayo kwaye lufaneleke ngokukodwa ukuhanjiswa kwexesha okanye okuxabisa kakhulu. Kwiimpahla ezinkulu okanye ukuthunyelwa ngobuninzi, ukuthutha elwandle kunokuba yinto esebenzayo. Ukuhamba ngenqanawa kumazwe angabamelwane afana ne-Iran okanye iPakistan kungafuneka ngokuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi okanye indawo oya kuyo umthwalo. Izibuko laseKarachi ePakistan liqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukuhambisa iimpahla eziya e-Afghanistan ngothutho lwendlela ukusuka kwiidolophu ezikwimida yasePakistan njengePeshawar okanye iQuetta. Ngokubhekiselele kulungiselelo lwasekhaya ngaphakathi e-Afghanistan ngokwayo, uthutho ezindleleni ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ngenxa yeziseko ezingundoqo zikaloliwe. Iinkampani zelori zasekuhlaleni zibonelela ngeenkonzo zothutho kuwo wonke amaphondo ahlukeneyo kweli lizwe. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imingcipheko yokhuseleko eyayanyaniswa nokuhamba ezindleleni kwaye uqeshe ababoneleli benkonzo yokuthutha abathembekileyo abanolwazi lokuguquguquka kwengingqi. Ngaphaya koko, kukho iinzame ezivelayo zokuphuhlisa uthungelwano lukaloliwe oludibanisa amazwe angabamelwane afana ne-Uzbekistan kunye neTurkmenistan ukuququzelela iindlela zorhwebo nge-Afghanistan kwixa elizayo. Ukuqinisekisa ukucocwa kwezithethe ezigudileyo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yasekhaya xa ungenisa iimpahla e-Afghanistan, ukusebenzisa iifemu ezithembekileyo ze-Customs brokerage kunokunceda ukukhangela iinkqubo ze-bureaucratic ngempumelelo. Lilonke ngaphandle kwemingeni enxulumene nemiba yokhuseleko kunye nophuhliso olunyiniweyo lweziseko ezingundoqo; Uthutho lwenqwelomoya ngesikhululo seenqwelomoya saseKabul lubonelela ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo zolungiselelo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngelixa iindlela zothutho zendlela zalapha ekhaya zihlangabezana neemfuno zokusasazwa kwasekhaya ngaphakathi elizweni. Kubalulekile ukwenza uphando olucokisekileyo malunga nabanikezeli bempahla abahloniphekileyo phambi kokuba uqhubeke naluphi na uthutho oluya okanye luphuma e-Afghanistan, kuthathelwa ingqalelo izinto ezifana namava kummandla, imilinganiselo yokhuseleko, kunye nokuthobela imimiselo yasekhaya. Ukubeka iliso kwimeko yezopolitiko kunye nokubonisana neengcali eziqhelene nemeko yezothutho yase-Afghanistan nako kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza ngempumelelo kweshishini elizweni.
Imijelo yophuhliso lwabathengi

Imiboniso yorhwebo ebalulekileyo

Afghanistan, located in Central Asia, offers various development channels and exhibitions for international buyers to engage in trade and business opportunities. This article will discuss some of the significant international procurement avenues and exhibitions in Afghanistan. 1. Kabul International Trade Fair: The Kabul International Trade Fair is one of the most prominent events in Afghanistan, attracting numerous international buyers seeking business opportunities within the country. This exhibition showcases a wide range of products such as textiles, machinery, electronics, construction materials, food products, and much more. It is an excellent platform for connecting with Afghan businesses and exploring potential partnerships. 2. Afghan Chamber of Commerce and Industries (ACCI): The Afghan Chamber of Commerce and Industries plays a crucial role in promoting trade between Afghanistan and the rest of the world. It facilitates networking among local businesses while also providing information on export-import policies, market analysis reports, investment opportunities, etc. International buyers can connect with ACCI to identify reliable suppliers or explore potential collaborations. 3. Ministry of Commerce & Industry (MoCI): The Ministry of Commerce & Industry is responsible for formulating trade policies aimed at stimulating economic growth through domestic production and foreign investments. International buyers can cooperate with MoCI to navigate legal procedures related to import-export licenses or gain insights into market trends. 4. Export Promotion Agency (EPAA): The Export Promotion Agency serves as a bridge between Afghan producers/exporters and international buyers/investors by promoting Afghan products worldwide through participation in various events like trade fairs/exhibitions outside Afghanistan or organizing buyer-seller meets within the country itself. 5. USAID Promote Program: USAID's Promote program focuses on economic empowerment initiatives for women entrepreneurs in Afghanistan who often face challenges regarding access to markets or resources required for business expansion. Through this program's networking events/seminars focused on women-led enterprises across different sectors such as agriculture/textiles/handicrafts/services – international buyers can identify potential partners while contributing to women's economic empowerment. 6. Agriculture Exhibitions: Afghanistan is known for its agricultural produce such as saffron, fruits, nuts, and spices. Therefore, agricultural exhibitions like the AgFair provide a platform for international buyers looking to procure high-quality Afghan agricultural products directly from local farmers and producers. 7. Natural Resource and Mining Exhibitions: Given Afghanistan's substantial deposits of natural resources like minerals such as copper, iron ore, and precious stones, exhibitions like the International MineExpo focus on highlighting investment opportunities in the mining sector. International buyers interested in sourcing raw materials or investing in mining projects can participate in these exhibitions. It is essential to note that due to security concerns or logistical challenges related to infrastructure development in Afghanistan, some exhibitions/events may have limited availability or fluctuating schedules. International buyers are advised to stay updated with reliable sources like embassy websites or trade association portals regarding upcoming events/exhibitions before planning their business visits. In conclusion, Afghanistan offers several significant international procurement channels through its trade fairs/exhibitions like the Kabul International Trade Fair and specific agencies/institutions such as ACCI or MoCI dedicated to promoting bilateral trade partnerships. By engaging with these platforms effectively, international buyers can explore diverse business opportunities across various sectors within this dynamic Central Asian nation.
E-Afghanistan, iinjini zokukhangela eziqhele ukusetyenziswa zezi zilandelayo: 1. Google: Njengeyona njini yokukhangela idumileyo kwihlabathi liphela, uGoogle usetyenziswa kakhulu eAfghanistan. Ibonelela ngoluhlu olukhulu lweziphumo kwaye inikezela ngeenguqulelo zalapha kumazwe athile. Inguqulelo yaseAfghan inokufumaneka ku-www.google.com.af. 2. I-Bing: Iphuhliswe nguMicrosoft, i-Bing yenye injini yokukhangela esetyenziswa ngokubanzi e-Afghanistan. Ibonelela ngokusebenza kokukhangela kwiwebhu kunye neempawu ezinje ngemifanekiso kunye nophendlo lwevidiyo. Ungafikelela kuyo www.bing.com. 3. I-Yahoo: Nangona ingadumanga njengoGoogle okanye i-Bing, iYahoo isagcina ubukho kwimarike ye-injini yokukhangela yase-Afghanistan. Ibonelela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo njenge-imeyile, iindaba, imali, kunye nenqaku lokukhangela iwebhu kwakhona. Inguqulelo yayo yaseAfghan inokufumaneka ku-www.yahoo.com.af. 4. Ukukhangela kwe-AOL: I-AOL (i-America Online) nayo ine-injini yokukhangela esetyenziswa ngabasebenzisi be-intanethi e-Afghanistan ukufumana ulwazi kwiwebhu. Ungayifumana www.search.aol.com. 5 IDuckDuckGo: Iyaziwa ngendlela yayo ejolise kubumfihlo yokukhangela i-intanethi ngaphandle kokuqokelela ulwazi lobuqu kubasebenzisi, iDuckDuckGo ifumana ukuthandwa kwihlabathi liphela kubandakanya naseAfghanistan. Ndwendwela iwebhusayithi yabo ku-www.duckduckgo.com. I-6 Naver: Iqonga le-intanethi laseMzantsi Korea elinenjini yokukhangela eyomeleleyo esebenza njengenye yeendlela eziphambili kubasebenzisi base-Afghan abakhetha uphendlo olusekwe eKorea okanye bajonge umxholo wengingqi wase-Asiya ohambelana neKorea kunye nezinye iindawo ezinxulumeneyo-zifikeleleke ngephepha lasekhaya .com Ezi zezinye iinjini zokukhangela eziqhelekileyo nezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi e-Afghanistan ezibonelela ngokufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi ezahlukeneyo ezisekelwe kwimibuzo yomsebenzisi kunye nezinto anomdla kuzo.

Amaphepha amakhulu atyheli

E-Afghanistan, owona mthombo wamaphepha atyheli ikakhulu ngoovimba beefayili ze-intanethi. Ezi nkcukacha zibonelela ngolwazi loqhakamshelwano kumashishini, imibutho, kunye nabantu ngabanye abakumacandelo ahlukeneyo kwilizwe lonke. Nazi ezinye zeewebhusayithi eziphambili zamaphepha amthubi e-Afghanistan: 1. I-Kabul Yellow Pages: Le webhusayithi inikezela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini eKabul kunye nezinye izixeko ezikhulu e-Afghanistan. Ibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwamacandelo abandakanya iihotele, iiresityu, izibhedlele, izikolo, iinkampani zokwakha, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi: www.kabulyellowpages.com 2. I-Afghan Biz: I-Afghan Biz luluhlu lwe-intanethi olunika ulwazi kumashishini asebenza kulo lonke elase-Afghanistan. Ibandakanya iindidi ezifana nezolimo, iinkonzo zeemoto, iibhanki nezemali, amaziko emfundo, ii-arhente zokhenketho kunye nezinye ezininzi. umthombo: www.afghanbiz.com 3. IArian Online Yellow Pages: IArian Online Yellow Pages yenye yezalathisi ezikhokelayo kwi-intanethi egxile kuqhagamshelo lweshishini ukuya kwishishini eAfghanistan. Ibonelela ngoluhlu kumashishini ahlukeneyo afana nababoneleli beenkonzo zonxibelelwano, abavelisi/ababoneleli/abarhwebi beemveliso/iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo njl.njl. iwebhusayithi: www.yellowpagesafghanistan.net 4. I-Manta Afghanistan: I-Manta luluhlu lwe-intanethi lwehlabathi jikelele olukwasebenza njengeqonga lamaphepha atyheli elidibanisa amashishini ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi jikelele kuquka nalawo asebenza ngaphakathi kwemida yase-Afghanistan. Iwebhusayithi; www.manta.com/world/Asia-and-Pacific/Afghanistan/ 5. IYellow Pages ngu-EasyFind.af : EasyFind.af ibonelela ngecandelo lamaphepha atyheli anamagama amaninzi anoluhlu oluneenkcukacha oluvela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yase-Afghanistan. umthombo: www.easyfind.af/en/ Ezi webhusayithi zibonelela ngeendlela zokukhangela ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafumane iimveliso okanye iinkonzo ezithile abazifunayo kunye neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano ezifana neenombolo zefowuni okanye iidilesi. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezi webhusayithi zixhomekeke kutshintsho okanye ukongezwa ekuhambeni kwexesha; Ngoko ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba undwendwele amaqonga abo ngokuthe ngqo ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluchanekileyo kunye nolwazi lwangoku kumaphepha ase-Afghan atyheli.

Amaqonga amakhulu orhwebo

Kukho amaqonga amakhulu e-e-commerce e-Afghanistan. Apha, ndiza kudwelisa ezinye zazo kunye needilesi zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. Intengiso ye-Intanethi yase-Afghanistan (www.afghanistanonlinemarket.com) Eli qonga libonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso ezibandakanya izinto zombane, ifashoni, izixhobo zasekhaya, nokunye. Ibonelela ngomsebenzisi-friendly interface kunye neendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokuhlawula. 2. Afghan E-Commerce (afgcommerce.com) I-Afghan E-Commerce yenye yezona ndawo ziphambili zentengiso kwi-intanethi e-Afghanistan. Ibonelela ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo njengempahla, i-elektroniki, iimveliso zobuhle, kunye nezixhobo zemidlalo. 3. Ukuthenga kwi-Intanethi eKabul (www.kabulonlineshopping.com) Eli qonga livumela abasebenzisi ukuba bathenge izinto ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya iimpahla, izincedisi, iimveliso zokuhombisa ekhaya, kunye nezixhobo zasekhitshini. Ibonelela ngeenkonzo ezifanelekileyo zokuhanjiswa kuzo zonke izixeko ezikhulu zaseAfghanistan. 4. Aryanbazaar (https://aryanbazaar.com/) I-Aryanbazaar yi-platform ye-e-commerce egxile ekuboneleleni ngeemveliso ze-Afghan ezithembekileyo ezifana nobucwebe, izinto zeempahla zendabuko ezifana neengubo zePashtun kunye neengubo zamadoda ezibizwa ngokuba yi "Khet Partoog", imisebenzi yezandla ezenziwe ngamagcisa asekuhlaleni. 5. BazarOnlineAfghanistan (https://bazaronlineafghanistan.com/) I-BazarOnlineAfghanistan liqonga lokuthenga elikwi-intanethi elibonelela ngeendidi zeemveliso ezahlukeneyo njengempahla yefashoni yamadoda nabasetyhini kubandakanya isinxibo esenziwe ekhaya esibizwa ngokuba "ziimpahla zase-Afghani," izixhobo zombane ezifana nee-smartphones kunye neetafile kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-e-commerce ecosystem e-Afghanistan isaphuhla; ke ngoko, inkangeleko yayo inokuvela ngokuhamba kwexesha nabangeneli abatsha abazibandakanya nemarike.

Amaqonga amakhulu eendaba zoluntu

I-Afghanistan lilizwe elahlukileyo elinezinga elikhulayo lokungena kwi-intanethi. Nangona amaqonga eendaba ezentlalo engaxhaphakanga njengakwamanye amazwe, kusekho amaqonga adumileyo asetyenziswa ngabantu base-Afghanistan ukunxibelelana nokwabelana ngolwazi. Nanga amanye awona maqonga eendaba ezentlalo asetyenziswa kakhulu e-Afghanistan, kunye neewebhusayithi zabo ezihambelanayo: 1. I-Facebook (www.facebook.com): I-Facebook ngokungathandabuzekiyo lelona qonga lidumileyo leendaba zoluntu kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya neAfghanistan. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba baqhagamshelane nabahlobo kunye nosapho, babelane ngeefoto kunye neevidiyo, bajoyine amaqela okanye imicimbi, kwaye balandele amaphepha eendaba. 2. I-Twitter (www.twitter.com): I-Twitter lelinye iqonga elisetyenziswa ngokubanzi e-Afghanistan ukwenzela ukuhlaziywa kwexesha lokwenene kwizihloko ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iindaba, ezopolitiko, ezolonwabo, ezemidlalo, kunye nokunye. Abasebenzisi banokuthumela imiyalezo emifutshane eyaziwa ngokuba ziitweets ezinokuthandwa okanye kwabelwane ngazo ngabanye. 3. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com): I-Instagram liqonga lokwabelana ngezithombe apho abasebenzisi banokulayisha imifanekiso okanye iividiyo ezimfutshane ezihamba kunye namagama-ncazo kunye neehashtag. Ifumene ukuthandwa phakathi kolutsha lwase-Afghan ngokubonisa ubuchule babo ngomxholo obonakalayo. 4. I-LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com): I-LinkedIn liqonga lonxibelelwano lobuchwephesha elisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngabantu abafuna ukwandisa unxibelelwano lwabo lobuchwephesha. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba benze iiprofayili eziqaqambisa imvelaphi yabo yemfundo kunye namava omsebenzi ngelixa benxibelelana nabalingane abavela kumashishini ahlukeneyo. 5. YouTube (www.youtube.com): YouTube ibonelela ingqokelela enkulu yesiqulatho sevidiyo eyenziwe ngabantu okanye imibutho kwihlabathi jikelele - ukusuka kwiividiyo zomculo ukuya kwizifundo zemfundo - iyenza idume kakhulu kubasebenzisi base-Afghan abafuna ukonwabisa okanye iinjongo zemfundo. 6 . I-WhatsApp: I-WhatsApp ibonelela ngeenkonzo zokuthumela imiyalezo ngoko nangoko kunye neefowuni zelizwi kunye neencoko zevidiyo zonxibelelwano lomntu nomntu okanye iincoko zeqela ngoqhagamshelwano lwe-intanethi. 7 . Viber: Iyafana ne-WhatsApp kodwa ingaphantsi ekudumeni kunomntu okhuphisana naye; IViber ikwanikezela ngeenkonzo zokuthumela imiyalezo njengemiyalezo ebhaliweyo ecaleni kweefowuni zelizwi kuzo zonke izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ngoqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi. 8 . ITelegram: ITelegram yaziwa ngokubonelela ngemiyalezo ekhuselekileyo ngelixa isebenzisa itekhnoloji yokufihla isiphelo ukuya ekupheleni eqinisekisa ubumfihlo. Abasebenzisi banokwenza amajelo okanye amaqela ukwabelana ngemiyalezo, iifoto kunye neevidiyo. Ezi zimbalwa zamaqonga eendaba ezentlalo athe afumana ukuthandwa e-Afghanistan. Abantu kunye nemibutho yeli lizwe basebenzisa la maqonga ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kunxibelelwano, ukuzonwabisa, ukusetyenziswa kweendaba, uthungelwano, kunye nokunye kwihlabathi elinxibelelana ngokwandayo.

Imibutho emikhulu yoshishino

I-Afghanistan inemibutho emininzi ephambili yoshishino emele amacandelo ahlukeneyo oqoqosho. Nantsi eminye yemibutho edumileyo yoshishino e-Afghanistan: 1. I-Afghan Chamber of Commerce and Industries (ACCI): I-ACCI yintlangano ehamba phambili emele icandelo labucala kwaye ijolise ekukhuthazeni ukukhula koqoqosho kunye nophuhliso e-Afghanistan. Ibonelela ngeenkonzo kunye nenkxaso kumashishini, kubandakanywa ukuphembelela utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo. umthombo: http://www.acci.org.af/ 2. I-Afghanistan Women’s Chamber of Commerce and Industry (AWCCI): I-AWCCI igxile ekuxhaseni oosomashishini basetyhini kunye nabasetyhini base-Afghanistan, ukubonelela ngoqeqesho, ukuqeqeshwa, amathuba okunxibelelana, kunye nokukhuthaza amalungelo abo kuluntu lwezoshishino. umthombo: https://www.awcci.af/ 3. I-Afghan-American Chamber of Commerce (AACC): I-AACC ikhuthaza urhwebo phakathi kwe-Afghanistan kunye ne-United States ngokuncedisa iinkampani zaseMelika ezifuna amathuba oshishino e-Afghanistan ngelixa zixhasa iifemu zase-Afghan ezifuna ukungena kwimarike yase-US. umthombo: http://a-acc.org/ 4. I-Federation of Afghan Craftsmen & Traders (INYANI): INYANISO imele amagcisa, amagcisa, abarhwebi, abathumeli bangaphandle/abangenisa kumazwe angaphandle ababandakanyeka kubugcisa bemveli obufana nokuchwela, ukuluka umbhoxo, ukwenza izacholo, imveliso yeseramic njl. ukufikelela ngaphakathi nangaphandle. I-5.Afghanistan Builders Association (ABA): I-ABA imele iinkampani zokwakha ezijongene neeprojekthi zophuhliso lweziseko ezifana nezakhiwo zokuhlala; iindlela; iibhulorho; izakhiwo zokubonelela ngamanzi njl. I-6.Afghanistan Medical Association (AMA) ngumbutho omele iingcali zonyango kubandakanywa oogqirha, oogqirha botyando, abongikazi, kunye nabanye abasebenza ekuboneleleni ngezibonelelo zempilo kuwo wonke ummandla wase-afghan. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezi webhusayithi bezichanekile ngexesha lokubhalwa kwale mpendulo kodwa zinokutshintsha okanye zihlaziywe.

Iiwebhusayithi zeshishini kunye norhwebo

I-Afghanistan, ilizwe elivaliweyo kuMzantsi-Mbindi we-Asia, ineewebhusayithi ezininzi zezoqoqosho kunye nezorhwebo ezibonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kumashishini kunye nabatyali-mali. Nazi ezinye zezona zibalulekileyo ngee-URL zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-Arhente yeNkxaso yoTyalo-mali yase-Afghanistan (AISA) - iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yokukhuthaza amathuba otyalo-mali e-Afghanistan. umthombo: http://aisa.org.af/ 2. I-Afghanistan Chamber of Commerce and Industries (ACCI) - iqonga elimele amashishini ase-Afghan abandakanyekayo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. umthombo: http://www.acci.org.af/ 3. I-Afghan-American Chamber of Commerce (AACC) - ixhasa urhwebo phakathi kwe-Afghanistan ne-United States. umthombo: https://a-acc.org/ 4. I-Arhente yokuKhuthaza ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-Afghanistan (EPAA) - ezinikele ekukhuthazeni iimveliso ze-Afghan kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe. umthombo: http://epaa.gov.af/ 5. UMphathiswa wezoRhwebo kunye noShishino, iRiphabhlikhi yamaSilamsi yase-Afghanistan - isebe likarhulumente elijongene nemicimbi enxulumene norhwebo. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: https://moci.gov.af/en 6. I-Central Statistics Organisation (CSO) - ibonelela ngeenkcukacha-manani ezinxulumene noqoqosho, iindawo zokuhlala kunye nolunye ulwazi olufanelekileyo malunga ne-Afghanistan. umthombo: https://cso.gov.af/ 7. Iziko loRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (ITC) – Ibonelela ngezibonelelo zokunyusa amandla okuthumela ngaphandle phakathi kwamashishini ase-Afghan ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zobuntlola kunye neenkqubo zokwakha amandla. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: https://www.intracen.org/itc/countries/afghanistan 8. IBhanki yaseDa Afghanistan - Ibhanki ephakathi yelizwe elijongene nomgaqo-nkqubo wezemali, ukulawulwa kweebhanki, ukuzinza kwezinga lokutshintshiselana, njl., Ukubonelela ngohlaziyo lwecandelo lezemali. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: https://dab.gov.af/en/home Ezi webhusayithi zisebenza njengamaqonga abalulekileyo okufikelela kulwazi ngamathuba otyalo-mali, iingxelo zophando lwemarike, izibalo zorhwebo, imimiselo nohlaziyo lwemigaqo-nkqubo kwakunye neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano zemibuzo yoshishino. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezi webhusayithi zinokutshintshwa okanye zilungiswe ngokuhamba kwexesha; ke ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kwazo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa

Iiwebhusayithi zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi apho unokufumana idatha yokurhweba e-Afghanistan. Nantsi eminye imizekelo kunye needilesi zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. UMphathiswa wezoRhwebo noShishino wase-Afghanistan: Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeSebe lezoRhwebo noShishino lwase-Afghan ibonelela ngolwazi ngemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo, imimiselo, kunye namanani. Ungafikelela kwidatha yorhwebo ngokundwendwela iwebhusayithi yabo ethi www.commerce.gov.af. 2. I-Afghanistan Central Statistics Organisation (CSO): I-CSO inoxanduva lokuqokelela nokupapasha ulwazi lweenkcukacha-manani e-Afghanistan, kuquka nedatha yorhwebo. Ungafumana iinkcukacha-manani ezinxulumene norhwebo kwiwebhusayithi yabo ku-www.cso.gov.af. 3. Iziko loRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (ITC): I-ITC ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lolwazi olunxulumene norhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kubandakanywa uhlalutyo lweemarike kunye neenkcukacha-manani zorhwebo kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kuquka i-Afghanistan. Ndwendwela iwebhusayithi yabo ku-www.intracen.org ukufikelela kwiziko ledatha. 4. Iinkcukacha eziVulelekileyo zeBhanki yeHlabathi: IBhanki yeHlabathi ibonelela ngokufikelela okuvulelekileyo kwiiseti zayo zedatha zophuhliso lwehlabathi, eziquka iinkcukacha-manani zorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kuquka ne-Afghanistan. Unokuphonononga isiseko sedatha kwi-data.worldbank.org. 5. I-United Nations Comtrade Database: Uvimba weenkcukacha we-UN Comtrade uqulethe iinkcukacha-manani ezithe kratya zamazwe amabini zokungenisa/ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle ezixelwe ngamazwe ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi jikelele, kubandakanywa ne-Afghanistan. Fikelela kuvimba weenkcukacha ku-comtrade.un.org. Qaphela ukuba ezinye iiwebhusayithi zinokufuna ukubhaliswa okanye ukungena ngemvume ukuze ufikelele kwidatha eneenkcukacha okanye amacandelo athile amaqonga abo.

amaqonga B2b

IAfghanistan lilizwe elisaphuhlayo elikuMbindi Asia. Ngaphandle kwemiceli mngeni ejongene nayo, kukho iiplatifti ezininzi zeB2B ezisebenza ngaphakathi eAfghanistan. Nazi ezinye zezona zibalaseleyo: 1. I-Afghan Biz: Eli qonga lijolise ekudibaniseni amashishini ase-Afghan kunye nabathengi basekhaya nabamazwe ngamazwe kunye nababoneleli. Ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kunye neenkonzo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. umthombo: www.afghanbiz.com 2. I-Afghanistan Chamber of Commerce and Industries (ACCI): I-ACCI ine-portal ye-intanethi eququzelela ukusebenzisana kwezoshishino phakathi kwamalungu ayo. Inika amathuba othungelwano, imisitho yorhwebo, kunye nobudlelwane boshishino. Indawo: www.afghan-chamber.com 3. Afghanistani.com: Eli qonga leB2B ligxile ekukhuthazeni iimveliso ezenziwe ngabavelisi base-Afghan kubathengi abanokubakho kwihlabathi jikelele. Ijolise ekunyuseni ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle kwe-Afghanistan ngokudibanisa abavelisi basekhaya kunye neemarike zamazwe ngamazwe. umthombo: www.afghanistani.com 4. I-Eximgoat: Isebenza ngokukhethekileyo ekuququzeleleni ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle, eli qonga lidibanisa amashishini ase-Afghanistan namaqabane orhwebo ehlabathi kuwo omabini amashishini angenayo naphumayo. Iwebhusayithi: www.eximgoat.com 5. I-eTrader Afghanistan: Eyilwe njengendawo yokuthengisa ye-elektroniki, i-eTrader Afghanistan yenza ukuba amashishini abonise iimveliso okanye iinkonzo zawo, afune ababoneleli okanye abathengi, athethe ngezivumelwano, kwaye alawule iintengiselwano kwi-intanethi. Iwebhusayithi: www.e-trader.gov.af 6. I-EasyMandi Kabul Market Platform (EKMP): Iphuhliswe ngokukodwa abavelisi bezolimo kwiphondo laseKabul, i-EKMP ivumela amafama ukuba athengisele imveliso yawo ngqo kubathengisi okanye kubathengisi abakwidolophu ngenkqubo ye-intanethi. Iwebhusayithi: Ayifumaneki. La maqonga e-B2B abonelela ngezixhobo ezixabisekileyo kumashishini ase-Afghan afuna amathuba okukhula ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngokuququzelela unxibelelwano phakathi kwabathengi kunye nabathengisi abavela kumashishini ahlukeneyo afana nezolimo, ukuvelisa, izisombululo zobuchwepheshe njl. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ngelixa la maqonga adweliswe apha ngokusekwe kulwazi olukhoyo ngexesha lokubhalwa kwale mpendulo (ngoMatshi ka-2021), kubalulekile ukuba uqinisekise rhoqo ukuthembeka kwawo, ukufaneleka kwawo, kunye nesimo esihlaziyiweyo phambi kokuthethana nabo.
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