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Ilizwe jikelele
I-Estonia lilizwe elincinane elikuMntla Yurophu. Ngabemi abamalunga ne-1.3 yezigidi zabantu, lelinye lawona mazwe mancinci kwi-European Union. Ilizwe linembali etyebileyo kwaye liphenjelelwe ziinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kubo bonke ubukho balo. I-Estonia yafumana inkululeko kwiSoviet Union ngo-1991 kwaye ukusukela ngoko yaziwa njengelinye lawona mazwe ahambele phambili kwezedijithali ehlabathini. Ikomkhulu layo, iTallinn, idume ngeDolophu yakudala, etsala abakhenkethi abavela kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona incinane, i-Estonia inemimandla eyahlukahlukeneyo equka amahlathi ashinyeneyo, amachibi amahle nonxweme oluhle olugudle uLwandle lweBaltic. Eli lizwe linamava omane onyaka, ihlobo elipholileyo kunye nobusika obubandayo. Uqoqosho lwase-Estonia lubone ukukhula okubonakalayo ukusukela oko yafumana inkululeko. Yamkela izinto ezintsha kunye namashishini aqhutywa yitekhnoloji afana neenkonzo ze-IT, i-e-commerce, kunye nokuqala. I-Estonia yaziwa ngokuba lilizwe elikhathalele indalo esingqongileyo etyala imali eninzi kwimithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo. Ulwimi lwase-Estonia lukwiqela leelwimi ze-Finno-Ugric - ezinganxulumananga noninzi lwezinye iilwimi zaseYurophu - nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yodwa kulo mmandla. Nangona kunjalo, isiNgesi sithethwa kakhulu phakathi kwezizukulwana eziselula. Abantu base-Estonia bazingca kakhulu ngelifa labo lenkcubeko elinokubonwa kwiminyhadala yabo yomculo wesintu, imidaniso nemisebenzi yezandla. Babhiyozela uSuku lwaMaphakathi ehlotyeni okanye i-Jaanipäev njengeholide yesizwe enemililo yomlilo kunye nemibhiyozo yangaphandle. Imfundo ixatyiswe kakhulu e-Estonia kugxininiswa kumacandelo enzululwazi nethekhnoloji. Ilizwe lihlala likwinqanaba eliphezulu kwizalathiso zemfundo yamazwe ngamazwe njenge-PISA (iNkqubo yoVavanyo lwaBafundi baMazwe ngaMazwe). Ngokolawulo, i-Estonia isebenza njengedemokhrasi yepalamente apho amandla ezopolitiko ahlala kumagosa anyuliweyo ngonyulo olukhululekileyo olubanjwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine. Lilonke, i-Estonia inokuba ncinci ngokwejografi, kodwa esi sizwe saseBaltic sibonelela ngeendawo ezimangalisayo, itekhnoloji entsha, isazisi esinamandla esimiliselwe kwimbali yayo, kunye nabemi abanobuhlobo, bonke abanegalelo kubume balo obukhethekileyo.
Imali yeSizwe
Imeko yemali yase-Estonia ibonakala ngokwamkelwa kwayo kwe-euro. Ukususela ngoJanuwari 1, 2011, i-Estonia ibililungu le-Eurozone yaza yatshintsha imali yayo yangaphambili, ikroon, yasebenzisa iyuro (€). Isigqibo sokwamkelwa kweyuro yaba sisiganeko esibalulekileyo e-Estonia njengoko sasimele ukudityaniswa kwayo kwiManyano yaseYurophu yaye ihambelane ngakumbi namanye amazwe aseYurophu. Eli nyathelo libonelele ngeenzuzo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokwanda kozinzo lwezoqoqosho, ukuququzelela urhwebo namanye amazwe e-Eurozone, ukutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle, kunye nokukhuthaza ukhenketho. Ngokusungulwa kwe-euro e-Estonia, zonke iintengiselwano ngoku zenziwa ngee-euro. Iingqekembe kunye namaphepha ebhanki asetyenziswa kwintengiselwano yemihla ngemihla ziinkonzo eziqhelekileyo ze-euro ukusuka kwi-0.01 ukuya kwi-€2 yeenkozo kunye ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-500 yemali engamaphepha. IBhanki yase-Estonia inoxanduva lokukhupha kunye nokulawula ukuhanjiswa kwe-euro ngaphakathi kweli lizwe. Isebenzisana ngokusondeleyo neebhanki ezingoovimba zamanye amazwe e-Eurozone ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwemali kumazwe angamalungu. Ukususela oko yamkela iyuro, iEstonia iye yabona imiphumo emihle kuqoqosho lwayo. Ifumene amazinga asezantsi okunyuka kwamaxabiso xa kuthelekiswa naxa babenemali yabo yelizwe. Ukongeza, amashishini axhamle ekwandisweni kwamathuba orhwebo phakathi kweYurophu ngenxa yokungafihli kwamaxabiso amakhulu kunye nokuncipha kweendleko zentengiselwano. Lilonke, ukwamkelwa kweyuro yi-Estonia kubonakalisa ukuzibophelela kwayo kumanyano lwezoqoqosho olomeleleyo phakathi kweYurophu lo gama isonwabela iingenelo ezifana nokwanda kozinzo lwemali kunye nokuphuculwa kwamathemba oshishino ngomanyano olulula lwezorhwebo namazwe asebumelwaneni abelana ngale mali ifanayo.
Imali yokutshintsha
Imali esemthethweni yase-Estonia yi-Euro (EUR). Ngokumalunga neereyithi zotshintshiselwano eziqikelelweyo zeemali ezinkulu, nceda uqaphele ukuba zinokuguquguquka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela ngoSeptemba ka-2021, nantsi imilinganiselo yotshintshiselwano eqikelelweyo: 1 EUR = 1.18 USD 1 EUR = 0,85 GBP 1 EUR = 129 JPY 1 EUR = 9,76 CNY Nceda ukhumbule ukuba ezi ntlawulo zisenokutshintsha kwaye kusoloko kucetyiswa ukuba udibane nesixhobo sokuguqula imali ethembekileyo okanye iziko lezemali ngexesha lokwenyani kunye namaxabiso otshintshiselwano oluchanekileyo.
Iiholide ezibalulekileyo
I-Estonia, ilizwe elincinane kuMntla Yurophu, ibhiyozela iiholide ezininzi ezibalulekileyo unyaka wonke. Le mithendeleko ibonisa ubutyebi belifa lenkcubeko kunye nembali yabantu base-Estonian. Enye yezona holide zibalulekileyo e-Estonia luSuku lweNkululeko, olugcinwa nge-24 kaFebruwari. Sisikhumbuzo somhla wowe-1918 xa i-Estonia yathi yakhululeka kwiRashiya. Ilizwe lafumana ukuwongwa njengelizwe elizimeleyo emva kweenkulungwane zolawulo lwangaphandle. Ngolu suku, imisitho eyahlukeneyo kunye nemisitho yenzeka kwilizwe lonke ukuhlonipha ubuni kunye nenkululeko yase-Estonia. Enye iholide ebalulekileyo yiMini yaseMidsummer okanye iJuhannus, ebhiyozelwa ngoJuni 23 kunye ne-24. Yaziwa ngokuba yiJaanipäev ngesi-Estonian, iphawula ubude behlobo kwaye ineengcambu kwizithethe zamandulo zobuhedeni. Abantu bahlanganisana bengqonge imililo ukuze bacule iingoma zesintu, badanise, badlale imidlalo, kwaye bonwabele ukutya kwesintu okufana nenyama eyosiweyo nesoseji. IKrisimesi okanye iJõulud inokubaluleka okukhulu kubantu base-Estonia. Ibhiyozelwa ngoDisemba 24th-26 njengamanye amazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi jikelele, idibanisa iintsapho kunye nezidlo ezikhethekileyo kunye notshintshiselwano ngezipho. Amasiko esithethe aquka ukutyelela iimarike zeKrisimesi ukonwabela imibhiyozo efana nokutyibiliza emkhenkceni okanye ukukhangela kwiindawo zokuthengisela ezenziwe ngezandla. Umnyhadala weNgoma okanye iLaulupidu sisiganeko esibambekayo esenzeka rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu eTallinn-ikomkhulu lase-Estonia. Ibonisa uthando lwesizwe ngomculo kunye neekwayala ezininzi ezicula iingoma zomoya kwindawo evulekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yiTallinn Song Festival Grounds. Lo mnyhadala utsala amashumi amawaka abathathi-nxaxheba abavela kulo lonke elase-Estonia abahlanganisana ukuze babhiyozele uthando lwabo lomculo. Okokugqibela, uSuku Loloyiso (Võidupüha) lukhumbula iziganeko ezibini ezibalulekileyo zembali: Idabi laseCēsis (ngowe-1919) ngexesha leMfazwe yase-Estonia yeNkululeko ngokuchasene nemikhosi yaseSoviet kunye nolunye uloyiso phezu kwabemi baseJamani ngeMfazwe Yehlabathi II (1944). Ibhiyozelwa nge-23 kaJuni, isebenza njengesikhumbuzo samandla ase-Estonia kunye nokomelela ekukhuseleni ulongamo lwesizwe sabo. Ukuqukumbela, i-Estonia ibhiyozela iiholide ezibalulekileyo ezahlukeneyo unyaka wonke, kubandakanya uSuku lweNkululeko, uSuku lwaseMidsummer, iKrisimesi, uMnyhadala weNgoma, kunye noSuku loloyiso. Ezi zihlandlo zibonisa izithethe zase-Estonia, imbali, inkcubeko yomculo kwaye isebenza njengamathuba okuba abantu badibane kwimibhiyozo yolonwabo.
Imeko yoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle
I-Estonia, ekuMntla Yurophu, lilizwe elincinci leBaltic elinabemi abamalunga ne-1.3 yezigidi zabantu. Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo obuncinci, i-Estonia iye yakhula kakhulu kuqoqosho kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka adlulileyo kwaye iye yavela njengelinye lawona mazwe ahambele phambili kwedijithali kwihlabathi. Ngokubhekiselele kurhwebo, i-Estonia inoqoqosho oluvuleleke kakhulu oluthembele kakhulu ekuthumeleni ngaphandle. Awona maqabane aphambili arhweba kweli lizwe ngamanye amazwe angamalungu e-European Union (EU), iJamani iyeyona marike inkulu yempahla yase-Estonia. Amanye amaqabane abalulekileyo okurhweba aquka iSweden, iFinland, iLatvia, neRashiya. Awona macandelo aphambili athumela impahla ngaphandle e-Estonia ngoomatshini kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza, i-electronics, iimveliso zezimbiwa (ezifana ne-oyile ye-shale), iimveliso zemithi kunye nemithi, iimveliso zokutya (kubandakanywa nobisi), kunye nefenitshala. La mashishini anegalelo elikhulu kwingeniso yase-Estonia yokuthumela ngaphandle. Izinto ezithunyelwa kweli lizwe zibandakanya ubukhulu becala oomatshini kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso - kubandakanywa izixhobo zothutho ezifana neemoto - izimbiwa kunye namafutha (njengeemveliso zepetroleum), imichiza (kubandakanywa namayeza), kunye neempahla ezahlukeneyo zabathengi ezifana nempahla yangaphandle. I-Estonia izuza kubulungu bayo kwiMarike eNye ye-EU evumela ukuhamba simahla kweempahla kumazwe angamalungu ngaphandle kwemirhumo okanye imiqobo. Ngaphezu koko, ikwathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwimibutho yorhwebo yamazwe ngamazwe efana noMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi ukuqinisekisa izenzo zorhwebo ezinobulungisa kumgangatho wehlabathi. Njengenxalenye yeenzame zayo zokukhuthaza urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngakumbi, i-Estonia ikwaseke iindawo ezininzi zoqoqosho ezikhululekileyo ngaphakathi kwemida yayo ezibonelela ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo kubatyali-zimali bangaphandle abafuna ukuseka amashishini okanye ukwenza imisebenzi yokuvelisa. Lilonke, indawo enobuchule yase-Estonia ekudibaneni kweendlela phakathi kweYurophu kunye neScandinavia kunye noqoqosho oluvulekileyo luyivumele ukuba ikhule njengelizwe elijolise ekuthengiseni ngaphandle ngelixa itsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kwimarike yasekhaya ekhulayo.
Uphuhliso lweMakethi olunokubakho
I-Estonia, ilizwe elincinane elikuMntla Yurophu, inamandla amakhulu okuphuhlisa imarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Ngabasebenzi abafundileyo kunye nemeko yeshishini efanelekileyo, i-Estonia ibonelela ngamathuba amaninzi orhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Okokuqala, indawo ecwangcisiweyo yase-Estonia inika inzuzo malunga nolungiselelo kunye nokuthutha. Isebenza njengesango lokungena kwimimandla yeNordic kunye neBaltic, ibonelela ngokufikelela ngokulula kwiimarike ezinkulu ezifana neFinland, iSweden, iRussia kunye neJamani. Esi sikhundla sivumela amashishini ase-Estonia ukuba asasaze ngokufanelekileyo iimveliso zawo kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngaphaya koko, i-Estonia yaziwa ngeziseko zayo eziphucukileyo zedijithali kunye neenkonzo ze-e-urhulumente. Ilizwe liye laphayona izisombululo zolawulo lwe-intanethi ezifana nokutyikitywa kwedijithali kunye namaqonga akhuselekileyo e-intanethi kumashishini. Ubuchwephesha betekhnoloji benza kube lula kwiinkampani zangaphandle ukunxibelelana nababoneleli base-Estonia okanye abathengi nge-elektroniki. Ukongeza, i-Estonia ibonelela ngemeko yeshishini elixhasayo elinamazinga aphantsi urhwaphilizo kunye nolawulo lwe-bureaucracy. Ilizwe likwinqanaba eliphezulu kwizalathisi ezahlukeneyo zamazwe ngamazwe ezilinganisa ukukhululeka kokwenza ushishino kwaye lithathwa njengolona qoqosho luselubala kwihlabathi jikelele. Ezi zinto zidala imeko yotyalo-mali enomtsalane ekhuthaza amashishini angaphandle ukuba aseke imisebenzi e-Estonia okanye asebenzisane namaqabane asekuhlaleni. Ngaphezu koko, abantu base-Estonia baziwa kakhulu ngobuchule babo kwizakhono zolwimi lwesiNgesi-obu buchule bunceda unxibelelwano phakathi kwamaqabane ezizwe ngezizwe - kudala imiqobo embalwa ekuqhubeni iintengiselwano zeshishini ngokutyibilikayo. Okokugqibela kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo okungabalulekanga kangako kugxininiso olomeleleyo lokusungula izinto ezintsha kuqoqosho lwase-Estonia. Ilizwe libone ukukhula okukhawulezayo kokuqaliswa kumacandelo ahlukeneyo afana nobuchwepheshe bolwazi (IT), i-fintech (iteknoloji yezemali), i-biotechnology, izisombululo zamandla acocekileyo, kunye nokunye. Umoya worhwebo uyachuma apha ngenxa yemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente exhasayo ekhuthaza ushishino ngeenkqubo zenkxaso-mali okanye inkuthazo efana ne-Startup Visa. Lilonke, indibaniselwano yase-Estonia yendawo ecwangciswe ngobuchule, iziseko ezingundoqo, imeko-bume elungele ushishino, inqanaba elingakholelekiyo lokungafihli, kunye nogxininiso kubuchule obutsha bubonelela ngamathuba amakhulu kwiinkampani zangaphandle ezifuna amathuba amatsha okurhweba. Iziseko zoqoqosho olomeleleyo ziyenza ibe yindawo enomtsalane nokuba unenjongo yokuseka indawo yakho. ngaphakathi kuMntla Yurophu, ube yinxalenye yesixokelelwano sobonelelo se-EU okanye uqalise ubambiswano kunye neziqalo ezintsha zasekhaya.
Iimveliso ezishushu ezithengiswayo kwimarike
Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni iimveliso eziyimfuneko kwintengiso yangaphandle e-Estonia, kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. I-Estonia, ekuMntla Yurophu, inoqoqosho oluncinci kodwa olusakhulayo olunabemi abamalunga ne-1.3 yezigidi zabantu. Ukuchonga iimveliso ezithengiswa ngokushushu kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle yeli lizwe, umntu kufuneka athathele ingqalelo oku kulandelayo: 1. Izinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi: Uphando kunye nokuqonda izinto ezithile ezithandwa ngabathengi base-Estonia kubalulekile. Hlalutya iintsingiselo kwaye uqhube uphando lwemarike ukuchonga ukuba zeziphi iimveliso ezidumileyo ngoku. 2. IMveliso yasekuhlaleni: Ukuvavanya amandla emveliso yasekuhlaleni kunokuba luncedo xa ukhetha ukuthengisa ukuthunyelwa e-Estonia. Gxininisa kwiimpahla ezingafumanekiyo ngokubanzi ekuhlaleni okanye ezo zinokuncedisana namashishini asekuhlaleni. 3. IiMpahla zoMgangatho oPhezulu: Abathengi base-Estonia bayazixabisa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezibonelela ngexabiso lemali. Khetha izinto ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kwaye zineempawu okanye iinzuzo ezinomtsalane kubathengi abafuna iimpahla ezisemgangathweni. 4. IiMveliso zeDijithali: I-Estonia yaziwa njenge-e-society eneziseko zedijithali eziphuhlileyo, nto leyo eyenza ibe yimarike enokubakho yempahla yabathengi bedijithali efana ne-electronics, usetyenziso lwesoftware, kunye neenkonzo ze-intanethi. 5. IiMveliso eziZinzileyo: Uzinzo lufumana ukubaluleka kwihlabathi jikelele, kubandakanywa necandelo lokuthengisa lase-Estonia apho iimveliso ezilungele indalo zinesiseko sabathengi esikhulayo. Cinga ngokunikezela ngeendlela ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo ezifana nokutya okuphilayo okanye amalaphu azinzileyo. 6. Izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zisuka e-Estonia:Chonga iimpahla ezenziwe e-Estonian eziqhele ukuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba sele zidale imfuno kumazwe ngamazwe; oku kungabonisa amathuba anokubakho kwimarike yasekhaya ngokwayo. I-7.Impahla ethengiswa kakhulu kumazwe angaphandle: Phanda ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zeempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezithandwayo phakathi kwabahlali base-Estonia ngokuhlalutya idatha kwiindidi ze-top-import ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi jikelele.Olu hlalutyo lunokubonisa izikhewu zemfuno apho ungazisa khona iindlela ezintsha ezinomgangatho ongcono okanye amaxabiso akhuphisanayo. . Ngokuqwalasela ngononophelo izinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi kunye nokujolisa kwiimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezilungele iimfuno zabo ngelixa bexhasa inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yedijithali apho kunokwenzeka, le ndlela inokunceda amashishini ngokufanelekileyo akhethe izinto ezithengiswayo ezishushu ukuze zithunyelwe ngaphandle kwimarike yangaphandle yase-Estonia.
Iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboo
I-Estonia lilizwe elikhethekileyo elikunxweme olusempuma yoLwandle lweBaltic kuMntla Yurophu. Ngabemi abamalunga ne-1.3 yezigidi, iyaziwa ngelifa lenkcubeko etyebileyo kunye neendawo ezintle zomhlaba. Xa kufikwa ekuqondeni iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboos e-Estonia, nanga amanqaku aphambili ekufuneka uwaqwalasele: Iimpawu zoMthengi: 1. Ukugcina ixesha: Abantu base-Estonia bayakuxabisa ukubamb’ ixesha yaye bayakuxabisa ukubamb’ ixesha kwabanye okanye ukuya kwiintlanganiso. Ukufika emva kwexesha kunokubonwa njengokungabi nantlonelo. 2. Indalo ebekelwe bucala: Abantu base-Estonia badla ngokungazithembi kwaye bagcinelwe indalo, bekhetha indawo yabo nokuba ngasese. 3. Unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo: Abantu base-Estonia badla ngokuluxabisa unxibelelwano olungqalileyo nolunyanisekileyo ngaphandle kokuthetha nje izinto ezingephi okanye ukuba nobuhlobo ngokugqithiseleyo. 4. Ithekhinoloji eqhubele phambili: I-Estonia lelinye lawona mazwe ahambele phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kwihlabathi jikelele, enoluntu olunxibelelene nedijithali oluqhele iinkonzo ze-intanethi. I-Taboos: 1. Ubuzaza bezopolitiko: Kuphephe ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezinobuzaza ezinxulumene nezopolitiko okanye iziganeko zembali eziphikisanayo, ngakumbi ezo zibandakanya amazwe angabamelwane njengeRussia. 2. Imibuzo yobuqu: Kujongwa njengento engafanelekanga ukubuza imibuzo yobuqu ngomvuzo womnye umntu, imicimbi yosapho, okanye ubume bobudlelwane ngaphandle kokuba uye waseka ubuhlobo obusenyongweni naye. 3. Imiboniso yothando esidlangalaleni: Ukubonisa uthando esidlangalaleni njengokuncamisana okanye ukwanga akuqhelekanga kubantu ongabaziyo okanye abantu obaqhelileyo; kungoko kuhle ukuyiphepha loo nto ngaphandle kokuba kubudlelwane obusondeleyo. Ukuqonda ezi mpawu zabathengi kunye nokuhlonipha uvakalelo lwenkcubeko kuya kunceda ukudala ubudlelwane obungcono kunye nabathengi base-Estonia ngelixa uqhuba ishishini okanye unxibelelana noluntu kwilizwe labo.
Inkqubo yolawulo lweCustoms
I-Estonia, ekuMntla-mpuma Yurophu, inenkqubo elungelelaniswe kakuhle nesebenzayo yokulawula izithethe. Ulawulo lwempahla yelizwe lujolise ekuququzeleleni urhwebo kunye nokukhusela umdla we-Estonia kunye ne-European Union. Xa ungena okanye uphuma e-Estonia, kukho imigaqo ethile kunye nezilumkiso ekufuneka abantu bazilandele: 1. IZibhengezo zeCustoms: Ekufikeni okanye ekundulukeni e-Estonia, abahambi kufuneka bachaze iimpahla ezithile. Oku kuquka izinto ezixabisa ngaphezu kwe-€ 10,000 ngemali (okanye elingana nayo kwezinye iimali), imipu, iziyobisi, okanye izilwanyana ezikhuselwe yizivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe. 2. Izibonelelo Ezingahlawulelwayo: I-Estonia ilandela imigaqo ye-European Union yokungathwali mthwalo kwizinto zobuqu eziziswa kweli lizwe ukuze uzisebenzisele. Ezi zibonelelo zibandakanya imida ethile kwiimveliso zecuba, iziselo ezinxilisayo, i-perfume, ikofu / iimveliso zetshokolethi. 3. Iimpahla eziMiselweyo/eZithintelweyo: Kukho iimpahla ezithile ezingenako ukungeniswa e-Estonia okanye zifune iimvume/ielayisenisi ezikhethekileyo. Oku kunokubandakanya iinxalenye/iimveliso zezilwanyana ezisengozini (umzekelo, iindlovu), izixhobo/iziqhushumbisi ngaphandle kogunyaziso olufanelekileyo/ilayisensi ekhutshwe ngabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo. 4. ISkimu seMbuyiselo ye-VAT ye-EU: Abahlali abangengabo abe-European Union abaye bathenga e-Estonia banokufanelekela ukubuyiselwa i-VAT xa behamba phantsi kweemeko ezithile ezifana neemfuneko zexabiso eliphantsi lokuthenga kunye nokugqitywa kwangexesha kwamaphepha afanelekileyo kwiivenkile ezithatha inxaxheba ngaphambi kokulishiya ilizwe. 5. IiNdawo eziLawulwayo zokuwela iBorder: Xa uhamba ukuya / ukusuka eRashiya ngokusebenzisa umda welizwe lase-Estonia (umzekelo, i-Narva), kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iindawo zokujonga umda ezichongiweyo ngelixa uthobela yonke imithetho / imimiselo ebekwe yi-Estonian kunye neRashiya yolawulo lwamasiko. 6. Inkqubo ye-E-customs: Ukulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo kweempahla ezingena / eziphuma kwilizwe ngeenjongo zorhwebo (ukugqithisa umthamo othile / ubunzima bobunzima), abarhwebi banokusebenzisa iqonga lokucocwa kwempahla ye-elektroniki eyaziwa ngokuba yinkqubo ye-e-customs enikezelwa yiBhodi yeRhafu kunye neRhafu yase-Estonia. . Khumbula ukuba ezi zikhokelo zisebenza njengolwazi ngokubanzi malunga nolawulo lwezithethe e-Estonia; kusoloko kucetyiswa ukuba udibane nemithombo esemthethweni efana ne-Estonian Tax and Customs Board ukuze ufumane olona lwazi luhlaziyiweyo noluchanekileyo phambi kokuhamba okanye ukungenisa/ukuthumela iimpahla.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu
I-Estonia, ekuMntla Yurophu, inomgaqo-nkqubo wokurhweba ngokukhululekileyo xa kufikwa kwiirhafu kunye neerhafu zempahla. Ilizwe lilungu leManyano yaseYurophu (EU) kwaye lilandela inkqubo yalo efanayo yoluhlu lwamaxabiso angaphandle. Njengelizwe elililungu le-EU, i-Estonia ixhamla ekuhanjisweni ngokukhululekileyo kwempahla kwimarike enye ye-EU. Oku kuthetha ukuba uninzi lweempahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe ze-EU azikho phantsi kwerhafu yempahla okanye irhafu yokungenisa elizweni. Ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kweempahla kuvumela amashishini ase-Estonia ukuba arhwebe kunye nezithintelo ezincinci ngaphakathi kwe-EU, ukukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwezoqoqosho kunye nokukhula. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko ezithile ezinxaxhileyo apho imisebenzi yokungenisa elizweni inokusebenza. Ezi ziquka iimveliso ezifana necuba, utywala, amafutha, izithuthi, kunye neemveliso ezithile zezolimo ngaphandle kwendawo yemimiselo yomgaqo-nkqubo wezolimo. Imirhumo yokungenisa elizweni kwezi mpahla idla ngokumiselwa yimithetho ye-EU kwaye ilungelelaniswa ngokubanzi kumazwe angamalungu. Ngaphandle kwemirhumo yerhafu, i-Estonia ikwanyanzelisa irhafu eyongeziweyo (i-VAT) kuninzi lwentengiselwano evela ngaphandle. Ixabiso leVAT eliqhelekileyo e-Estonia yi-20%. Iimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe ziphantsi kwe-VAT ngokusekelwe kwixabiso lazo elibhengeziweyo kwirhafu. Kwezinye iimeko, irhafu ye-VAT ecuthiweyo okanye enguziro inokusebenza kwiindidi ezithile zeempahla ezibonwa zibalulekile okanye zibalulekile ekuhlaleni. Kubalulekile kumashishini abandakanyeka kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye ne-Estonia ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwayo yonke imimiselo yezithethe ezifanelekileyo kunye nezibophelelo zerhafu. Kufuneka baqhelane neemfuno ezifanelekileyo zamaxwebhu kwaye baqonde nakuphi na ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle okanye ukukhululwa okunokubakho kwiindidi ezithile zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Lilonke, imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu yase-Estonia ihambelana naleyo imiselwe yi-European Union yenkqubo-sikhokelo yemalike enye ngelixa ivumela ukuguquguquka kumazinga e-VAT kwiintlobo ezithile zokungeniswa ngaphandle. La manyathelo akhuthaza urhwebo oluvulelekileyo ngelixa ekhusela iimfuno zesizwe ezifana neenkxalabo zempilo yoluntu okanye izinto eziphambili kwimveliso yasekhaya.
Iipolisi zerhafu ezithumela ngaphandle
I-Estonia, ilizwe elincinane leBaltic elikuMntla Yurophu, liphumeze inkqubo yerhafu ekhethekileyo eyaziwa ngokuba yiNkqubo yeRhafu yase-Estonia, ekwasebenza nakwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Le nkqubo yenzelwe ukukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho kunye norhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. E-Estonia, iimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zikhululekile kwirhafu eyongeziweyo (i-VAT). Oku kuthetha ukuba abathumeli bangaphandle akunyanzelekanga ukuba bahlawule i-VAT kwiimveliso abazithengisa kumazwe angaphandle. Olu ncedo lwenza ukuba iimpahla zase-Estonia zikhuphisane ngakumbi kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphaya koko, xa kufikwa kwirhafu yengeniso yenkampani kwingeniso yokuthumela ngaphandle, i-Estonia yamkela indlela ekhethekileyo. Endaweni yokurhafisa iingeniso ezifunyenwe kwiimveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngexabiso lerhafu yengeniso yeshishini eliqhelekileyo lama-20%, iinkampani zinokhetho olubizwa ngokuba “lutyalo-mali kwakhona,” olubavumela ukuba baphinde batyale iingeniso zabo kwishishini ngaphandle kokurhafiswa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi mali zibuyisiwe zisasazwa njengezahlulo okanye zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezingezizo ezeshishini, ziya kuhlawulelwa irhafu. Ukongeza, i-Estonia iseke amazibuko amaninzi asimahla kunye nemimandla yezoqoqosho ekhethekileyo apho amashishini abandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yokuthumela ngaphandle anokuzuza kwiinkuthazo ezongezelelweyo kunye neerhafu ezincitshisiweyo. Iinkampani ezisebenza phakathi kwezi zowuni zonwabela iingenelo ezifana nemirhumo ephantsi yengqeshiso yomhlaba kunye nokukhululwa okuthile kwiirhafu ezivela ngaphandle. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngelixa i-Estonia ibonelela ngonyango olululo lwerhafu kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngokukhululelwa kunye nezikhuthazi ezibekwe yimigaqo-nkqubo yayo yerhafu kunye namazibuko asimahla, amashishini kufuneka adibane neengcali ezigxile kwimithetho yerhafu yase-Estonia ukufumana isikhokelo esineenkcukacha ezilungiselelwe iimfuno zabo ezithile.
Iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle
I-Estonia lilizwe elincinane elikuMntla Yurophu, elaziwa ngoshishino lwalo lokuthumela ngaphandle. Inkqubo yelizwe eyomeleleyo yokukhutshwa kwezatifikethi zokuthumela ngaphandle iqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zalo ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kwaye zamkelwa kwihlabathi jikelele. I-Estonia ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezatifikethi zokuthumela ngaphandle ukuqinisekisa umgangatho, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuthotyelwa kweempahla zayo. Esinye sezatifikethi ezibaluleke kakhulu kukumakishwa kwe-CE, ebonisa ukuba imveliso ihambelana nemithetho kunye nemigaqo ye-European Union. Esi satifikethi sivumela abathengisi bangaphandle base-Estonia ukuba bathengise iimveliso zabo ngokukhululekileyo kumazwe angamalungu e-EU ngaphandle kovavanyo olongezelelweyo okanye amaxwebhu. Ukongeza kokumakishwa kwe-CE, i-Estonia ibonelela ngezinye izatifikethi ezahlukeneyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, kubathengisi bokutya bangaphandle, kukho isatifikethi se-HACCP (Uhlalutyo lweengozi kunye neeNqaku zoLawulo eziPhambili), ezibonisa ukuba iimveliso zokutya ziveliswa phantsi kwemigangatho engqongqo yococeko kunye nemilinganiselo yokulawula. Esinye isatifikethi esibalulekileyo esisoloko sifunwa ngabathumeli bangaphandle base-Estonia yi-ISO 9001. Lo mgangatho wamkelwa kwihlabathi jikelele uqinisekisa ukuba inkampani iphumeze inkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho esebenzayo kwaye ihlala inikezela ngeemveliso okanye iinkonzo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Kwiinkampani ezisebenza ngezinto eziphilayo okanye ezilungele indalo, i-Estonia ibonelela ngesatifikethi se-ECOCERT. Le leyibhile iqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zezolimo ziveliswa kusetyenziswa iindlela zokusingqongileyo ngaphandle kweekhemikhali zokwenziwa okanye ii-GMO. Ngaphaya koko, ubuchule bedijithali base-Estonia buvumela iinkqubo zokuthumela ngaphandle ezilungelelanisiweyo ngokubonelela ngezatifikethi zombane ngamaqonga akwi-intanethi anje nge-e-Certificates okanye i-e-Phytosanitary. Ezi zisombululo zedijithali azinciphisi kuphela imithwalo yolawulo kodwa zikwanyusa ukungafihli kunye nokhuseleko kwiintengiselwano zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuqukumbela, i-Estonia ibeka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho kunye nokuthotyelwa kweempahla zayo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngezatifikethi ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokumakishwa kwe-CE, i-ISO 9001, isatifikethi se-HACCP sokuthunyelwa kokutya kwamanye amazwe, kunye ne-ECOCERT yeemveliso eziphilayo. Ukongeza; Izisombululo zedijithali ziququzelela iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zokuthumela ngaphandle ngokubonelela ngezatifikethi zombane kwi-intanethi.
Ulungiselelo lolungiselelo olucetyiswayo
I-Estonia lilizwe elincinane elikuMntla Yurophu, elaziwa ngomsebenzi walo osebenzayo nothembekileyo wolungiselelo lolungiselelo. Nazi ezinye iinkonzo ezicetyiswayo zolungiselelo e-Estonia: 1. I-Eesti Post (i-Omniva): Lo ngumboneleli wenkonzo yeposi yesizwe e-Estonia, enikezela ngeendlela zokuthumela zasekhaya kunye nezamazwe ngamazwe. I-Eesti Post ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo ezibandakanya ukuhanjiswa kweeleta, ukuthunyelwa kweepasile, iinkonzo ze-courier ezicacileyo, kunye nezisombululo ze-e-commerce. 2. I-DHL yase-Estonia: Ngothungelwano lwayo olukhulu lwehlabathi kunye nemisebenzi esekwe kakuhle e-Estonia, i-DHL ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezisombululo zolungiselelo oluquka uthutho ngenqwelomoya, uthutho elwandle, uthutho lwendlela, indawo yokugcina impahla, kunye neenkonzo zokucocwa kwempahla. Iinkonzo zabo ziyaziwa ngokuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. 3. I-Schenker AS: Le yenye inkampani ebalaseleyo ebonelela ngezisombululo ezikumgangatho ophezulu e-Estonia. I-Schenker ibonelela ngoluhlu olupheleleyo lokhetho lwezothutho olunjengokuthuthwa ngomoya, ukuthutha elwandle, uthutho ezindleleni kunye neenkonzo zekhontrakthi yolungiselelo lothutho kuquka ukugcinwa kunye nokuhanjiswa. 4. I-Itella Logistics: I-Itella Logistics isebenza ngokubanzi kuwo wonke amazwe aseBaltic anamasebe amaninzi e-Estonia. Basebenza ngokukhethekileyo kwizisombululo zolawulo lwezothutho ukusuka ekuhanjisweni kwasekhaya ukuya ekuhanjisweni okuwela imida ngaphakathi kweScandinavia nasempuma Yurophu. 5. Elme Trans OÜ: Ukuba ufuna ukuphatha okukhethekileyo okanye ukuthuthwa kwemithwalo enzima okanye oomatshini ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwemida yase-Estonia Elme Trans OÜ inokuba lukhetho lwakho ngeminikelo yabo yobuchwephesha efana nothutho olunzima lokuthuthwa kwe-axles okanye iinqwelo zikaloliwe. 6. Izibuko laseTallinn: Njengelinye lawona mazibuko makhulu kuMmandla woLwandle lweBaltic elinendawo efanelekileyo yejografi exhamlayo ekusondeleni kwayo eRashiya ngololiwe kunye nokungabi namkhenkce kwiindawo ezininzi lisebenza ngokufanelekileyo njengesango elibalulekileyo lokuhamba korhwebo phakathi kweNtshona. EYurophu I-Scandinavia Izizwe zaseMpuma Yurophu kwihlabathi jikelele ecaleni kwendlela yoRhwebo eMntla-Mazantsi izibonelelo zendlela yoRhwebo ezibonelelwa yiVia Baltica corridors. Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yeenkampani ezininzi ezaziwayo zolungiselelo ezikhoyo e-Estonia ezibonelela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo zolungiselelo ezilungiselelwe iimfuno ezahlukeneyo. Nokuba ufuna iinkonzo zeposi, ukuhanjiswa kwekhuriya, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla okanye ukuphatha okukhethekileyo kunye nezisombululo zothutho, i-Estonia inoluhlu olubanzi lwezinto onokukhetha kuzo ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zakho.
Imijelo yophuhliso lwabathengi

Imiboniso yorhwebo ebalulekileyo

I-Estonia lilizwe elincinane kodwa elisahlumayo elikuMntla Yurophu. Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo, i-Estonia ibisenza imitsi emikhulu ukuze iziseke njengendawo yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nophuhliso lweshishini. Enye indlela ebalulekileyo yokuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe e-Estonia kukusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuthenga ngekhompyutha. Ilizwe liphumeze iqonga elitsha nelisebenzayo lokuthengwa kwempahla ngekhompyutha ebizwa ngokuba yiRiigi Hangete Register (RHR), evumela ababoneleli basekhaya nabamazwe ngamazwe ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwiithenda zikarhulumente. Le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukungafihli kunye namathuba alinganayo kubo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba, okwenza kube yinto ekhangayo kumashishini ajonge ukwandisa ukufikelela kwawo kwihlabathi. Ukongeza kwi-e-Procurement, i-Estonia ikwabonelela ngeemiboniso zorhwebo ezininzi kunye nemiboniso ebonelela ngamathuba abalaseleyo othungelwano, ukubonisa iimveliso, kunye nokuhlola intsebenziswano enokubakho. Owona mboniso mkhulu worhwebo elizweni yi-Estonian Trade Fair Centre (Eesti Näituste AS), efumaneka eTallinn – ikomkhulu lase-Estonia. Eli ziko libamba imiboniso eyahlukeneyo unyaka wonke kumacandelo amaninzi abandakanya itekhnoloji, ukutya neziselo, ukhenketho, ifashoni, nokunye. Omnye umsitho obalaseleyo nguMnyhadala woShishino waMazwe ngaMazwe waseTartu (Tartu Ärinädal), obanjwa minyaka le eTartu – isixeko sesibini ngobukhulu e-Estonia. Lo mnyhadala udibanisa abavelisi basekhaya, abathengisi, ababoneleli ngeenkonzo kunye neenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezijonge ukuseka unxibelelwano kwimarike yase-Estonia. Ngaphaya koko, i-Estonia ithatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwimiboniso yorhwebo eyaziwayo kwihlabathi efana ne "HANNOVER MESSE" ebanjelwe eJamani okanye "i-Mobile World Congress" eyayibanjelwe e-Barcelona - Spain. kwisiqalo ukusuka kwingingqi yeNordic-Baltic. Ukukhuthaza uphuhliso loshishino nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe, i-Estonia ikwathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwihlabathi jikelele ngezivumelwano zamazwe amabini namanye amazwe afana neChina's Belt & Road Initiative okanye izivumelwano ezahlukeneyo zorhwebo simahla kunye namazwe ehlabathi jikelele. Ezi zivumelwano zidala iimeko ezilungele urhwebo olunqumla imida ngokunciphisa imirhumo ukungenisa/ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle phakathi kwezizwe. Ngaphezu koko, urhulumente wase-Estonia kunye nemibutho eyahlukahlukeneyo ibonelela ngenkxaso kumashishini asekuhlaleni kwiinzame zawo zokukhulisa urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Umzekelo, i-Enterprise Estonia ibonelela ngeenkqubo ezifana nenkqubo yoPhuhliso loQoqosho kunye neNkqubo yokuKhuthaza uRhwebo, ebonelela ngoncedo lwezemali nesikhokelo kwiinkampani zase-Estonia ezifuna ukuthumela iimveliso okanye iinkonzo zazo kumazwe angaphandle. Ukuqukumbela, i-Estonia ibonelela ngamathuba amaninzi okuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ngeenkqubo zayo zokuthengwa kwempahla ye-elektroniki kwaye ikwabamba imiboniso eyahlukeneyo yorhwebo ngaphakathi elizweni. Ngaphaya koko, i-Estonia ithatha inxaxheba ngokubonakalayo kwimiboniso yorhwebo eyaziwayo kwihlabathi kunye neenkomfa ngelixa ikwakhuthaza izivumelwano zamazwe amabini namanye amazwe. Ngokuzibophelela ekuveliseni izinto ezintsha nakuphuhliso lweshishini, i-Estonia izimisa njengendawo enomtsalane kubathengi bamanye amazwe abafuna ukwandisa iimarike zabo.
E-Estonia, iinjini zokukhangela ezixhaphakileyo zezi: 1. UGoogle-Eyona njini yokukhangela idumileyo kwihlabathi jikelele, eyaziwa ngeziphumo zayo zophendlo ezibanzi kunye nojongano olusebenziseka lula. Iwebhusayithi: www.google.ee 2. Eesti otsingumootorid (Iinjini zokukhangela zase-Estonia) -Iwebhusayithi ebonelela ngoluhlu lweenjini zokukhangela ezahlukeneyo zase-Estonia ezibonelela ngokukodwa abaphulaphuli base-Estonia. umthombo: www.searchengine.ee 3. Yandex -Injini yokukhangela eseRashiya esekwe eRussia esetyenziswa kakhulu e-Estonia, eyaziwa ngokubakho ngamandla eMpuma Yurophu kwaye ibonelela ngeziphumo zasekhaya kubasebenzisi base-Estonia. umthombo: www.yandex.ee 4. I-Bing -Injini yokukhangela yeMicrosoft, ekwabonelela ngeziphumo zophando ezifanelekileyo ezilungiselelwe abasebenzisi base-Estonia. umthombo: www.bing.com 5. I-Startpage / Ecosia - Ezi ziinjini zokukhangela eziyimfihlo ezingalandeleli okanye zigcine idatha yomsebenzisi ngelixa zihambisa iziphumo ezijoliswe kubasebenzisi ngokusekelwe kwimibuzo yabo e-Estonia nakwamanye amazwe. Iiwebhusayithi: Iphepha lokuqala- www.startpage.com I-Ecosia – www.ecosia.org 6. I-DuckDuckGo - Enye i-injini yokukhangela yabucala engayilandeli imisebenzi yabasebenzisi okanye igcine iinkcukacha zobuqu ngelixa ibonelela ngeziphumo ezifanelekileyo kubasebenzisi base-Estonia. umthombo: https://duckduckgo.com/ Ezi zezinye iinjini zokukhangela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-intanethi e-Estonia; Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uGoogle uhlala elolona khetho lubalaseleyo kukhangelo lwabantu abaninzi be-intanethi kwihlabathi nangaphakathi e-Estonia ngenxa yokufikelela okukhulu kunye nokuthembeka.

Amaphepha amakhulu atyheli

Awona maphepha aphambili atyheli e-Estonia aquka: 1. Yellow Pages Estonia: Incwadi esemthethweni yamaphepha amthubi e-Estonia, ibonelela ngoluhlu lwamashishini olupheleleyo oluhlelwe ngokweshishini. Unokukhangela amashishini ngokusekelwe kumagama, indawo, okanye iinkonzo ezinikezelweyo. iwebhusayithi: yp.est. 2. 1182: Enye yezalathisi eziphambili ze-intanethi e-Estonia, ezinikezela ngolwazi malunga namashishini ahlukeneyo kwilizwe lonke. Uluhlu lubandakanya iinkampani kumacandelo ahlukeneyo kwaye lubonelela ngeenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano kunye neenkcazo ezimfutshane zoluhlu ngalunye. iwebhusayithi: 1182.ee. 3. I-Infoweb: Uluhlu oludumileyo lwe-intanethi oluvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafumane kwaye baqhagamshelane namashishini e-Estonia ngokukhawuleza. Uluhlu luquka uluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini ukusuka kububele ukuya kukhathalelo lwempilo kwaye lubandakanya ukhetho lokucoca ukucokisa iziphumo zophendlo lwakho ngokufanelekileyo. iwebhusayithi: infoweb.ee. 4. City24 Yellow Pages: Olu luhlu lujolise ikakhulu ekudibaniseni abantu ngabanye nababoneleli ngenkonzo abanxulumene nezindlu nomhlaba, ulwakhiwo, kunye noyilo lwangaphakathi kwizixeko ezikhulu zase-Estonia njengeTallinn neTartu. Ibonelela ngeeprofayili ezineenkcukacha zeenkampani kunye neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano. iwebhusayithi: city24.ee/en/yellowpages. 5.Estlanders Business Directory:B2B ekhokelayo e-Estonian isilawuli seshishini sibonelela ngeenkcukacha kwiinkampani ezisebenza kumacandelo amaninzi ngaphakathi koqoqosho lwelizwe apha unokufumana iqabane elithembekileyo lenkampani.iinombolo zoqhagamshelwano, iidilesi ze-imeyile, kunye newebhusayithi ziyafumaneka apha.Ungayijonga e-estlanders .com/business-directory Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezi webhusayithi zinokutshintsha okanye zinokuba needilesi ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yohlaziyo okanye ukwahluka ekubizeni amagama ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Amaqonga amakhulu orhwebo

I-Estonia lilizwe elihle elikuMntla Yurophu, elaziwa ngeziseko zalo eziphucukileyo zedijithali kunye noluntu oluqhutywa bubuchwephesha. Nanga amanye amaqonga amakhulu e-e-commerce e-Estonia kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. I-Kaubamaja (https://www.kaubamaja.ee/) - I-Kaubamaja yenye yeevenkile ezindala kunye nezona zinkulu zase-Estonia, inikezela ngeemveliso ezininzi ezibandakanya ifashoni, i-electronics, impahla yasekhaya, kunye nokunye. 2. 1a.ee (https://www.1a.ee/) - 1a.ee ngumthengisi odumileyo we-intanethi e-Estonia onekhathalogu yemveliso equka izinto zombane, izixhobo zombane, imveliso yobuhle, impahla, kunye negrosari. 3. I-Hansapost (https://www.hansapost.ee/) - I-Hansapost lelinye iqonga le-e-commerce elimiselwe ngokufanelekileyo e-Estonia elibonelela ngokhetho olubanzi lweemveliso ezivela kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya i-elektroniki, iimpahla zasekhaya, iithoyi, impilo kunye neemveliso zobuhle. . 4. I-Selver (https://www.selver.ee/) - ISelver yeyona venkile iphambili kwi-intanethi ethengisa igrosari e-Estonia ebonelela ngeemveliso ezintsha kunye nokutya okusisiseko kunye nezinto zasekhaya ukuze zihanjiswe lula ekhaya. 5. I-Photopoint (https://www.photopoint.ee/) - I-Photopoint igxile kwiikhamera, izixhobo zokufota kunye nee-electronics zabathengi ezifana nee-smartphones kunye neetafile. 6. Cofa (https://klick.com/ee) -Nqakraza ukubonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zombane eziquka iilaptops/idesktop , ii-smartphones/ iipilisi , imidlalo yokudlala/izixhobo zokuncedisa njl. 7 . I-Sportland Eesti OÜ ( http s//:sportlandgroup.com)- I-Sportland ibonelela ngeempahla ezinxulumene nezemidlalo , izihlangu kunye nezixhobo Ezi zezinye zamaqonga e-e-commerce abalaseleyo e-Estonia abonelela ngeemfuno ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwifashoni ukuya kwi-elektroniki ukuya kwigrosari. Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukuba ezinye ii-e-commerce ezinkulu ezifana neAmazon zikwasebenza ngaphakathi elizweni zivumela abathengi base-Estonia ukuba bafikelele kwimveliso yabo enkulu.

Amaqonga amakhulu eendaba zoluntu

I-Estonia, ilizwe elincinci kuMntla Yurophu, inobukho beendaba zoluntu. Nanga amanye amaqonga oluntu adumileyo e-Estonia kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. I-Facebook (https://www.facebook.com) - Njengenye yezona ndawo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimidiya yoluntu emhlabeni jikelele, i-Facebook inesiseko esibalulekileyo sabasebenzisi e-Estonia. Abasebenzisi banokunxulumana nabahlobo kunye nosapho, babelane ngohlaziyo, bajoyine amaqela, kwaye benze imicimbi. 2. Instagram (https://www.instagram.com) - I-Instagram yifoto kunye neqonga lokwabelana ngevidiyo elivumela abasebenzisi ukuba babambe amaxesha kwaye babelane ngawo nabalandeli babo. Abantu base-Estonia basebenzisa i-Instagram ukubonisa izakhono zabo zokufota okanye ukukhuthaza amashishini. 3. I-LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com) - Eyaziwayo phakathi kweengcali, i-LinkedIn yenza ukuba abasebenzisi benze iiprofayili zobungcali kwaye badibanise nabalingane okanye abaqeshi abanokubakho. Abantu base-Estonia bathembele kwi-LinkedIn ngeenjongo zokunxibelelana kunye namathuba omsebenzi. 4. I-Twitter (https://twitter.com) - I-Twitter liqonga le-microblogging apho abasebenzisi banokuthumela imiyalezo emifutshane ebizwa ngokuba yi-tweets. Abantu base-Estonia basebenzisa i-Twitter ukuze bahlale behlaziywa ngeziganeko zangoku okanye iintsingiselo kunye nokuzibandakanya kwiincoko zoluntu. 5. I-VKontakte (VK) (https://vk.com) - I-VKontakte ilingana nesiRashiya kunye ne-Facebook kwaye ifumene ukuthandwa phakathi kwabantu abathetha isiRashiya emhlabeni jikelele, kuquka ne-Estonia enkulu yabantu abathetha isiRashiya. 6.Videomegaporn( https:ww.videomegaporn)-Ividiyomegaporn yiwebhusayithi yokonwabisa abantu abadala equka iividiyo kunye neefoto ezisimahla kuye wonke umntu ukuze nabani na ofuna izinto ezinjalo azijonge kule webhusayithi. 7.Snapchat( https:www.snapchat.- I-Snapchat yi-app yemiyalezo yemultimedia evumela abasebenzisi ukuba batshintshiselane ngeefoto/iividiyo ezidityaniswe nezihluzo zemibhalo/zomyalezo.iguqulwe yaba liqonga elinempembelelo phakathi kwabantu abatsha kuzo zonke izizwe. bayathanda ukuyisebenzisa kuba ujongano lwayo olulula ukulisebenzisa yenza umtsalane ngakumbi kubo. Le yimizekelo nje yamaqonga oluntu adumileyo asetyenziswa e-Estonia. Uluhlu aluphelelanga, kwaye kusenokubakho amanye amaqonga angqale ngokwengingqi okanye alungiselelwe amaqela athile anomdla ngaphakathi elizweni.

Imibutho emikhulu yoshishino

I-Estonia, eyaziwa ngoluntu lwayo lwedijithali oluqhubela phambili kunye neshishini letekhnoloji ekhulayo, inemibutho emininzi emikhulu yoshishino emele amacandelo awohlukeneyo. Eminye yemibutho yeshishini edumileyo e-Estonia yile: 1. I-Estonian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ECCI): Ngowona mbutho mkhulu wamashishini e-Estonia, omele uluhlu olubanzi lwamacandelo aquka elemveliso, iinkonzo, urhwebo, kunye nezolimo. I-ECCI ijolise ekukhuthazeni ishishini kunye nokuququzelela uphuhliso loqoqosho e-Estonia. umthombo: https://www.koda.ee/en 2. I-Estonian Association of Information Technology and Telecommunications (ITL): Lo mbutho umele icandelo le-IT kunye necandelo lezonxibelelwano e-Estonia. Idibanisa amashishini abandakanyeka kuphuhliso lwesoftware, ukwenziwa kwehardware, iinkonzo zonxibelelwano, njl.njl. I-ITL idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukuqamba izinto ezintsha kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwecandelo. umthombo: https://www.itl.ee/en/ 3. I-Estonian Employers' Confederation (ETTK): I-ETTK ngumbutho osambrela omele imibutho yabaqeshi kumashishini awohlukeneyo e-Estonia. Isebenza njengequmrhu elimele imidla yabaqeshi kumanqanaba asekhaya nawamazwe ngamazwe. umthombo: https://www.ettk.ee/?lang=en 4. Iqela lase-Estonia loLungiselelo: Eli qela lidibanisa iinkampani ezisebenza kulungiselelo lolungiselelo ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwecandelo nokwandisa ukhuphiswano kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe. Amalungu abandakanya ababoneleli ngenkonzo yolungiselelo, iinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezisebenza ngezisombululo, kunye namaziko emfundo abonelela ngeenkqubo zemfundo yolungiselelo. 5.I-Estonian Food Industry Association (ETML).ETML idibanisa abalungiseleli bemveliso yokutya kuwo wonke amacandelwana ahlukeneyo afana neemveliso zobisi,imveliso yokubhaka, kunye nemveliso yenyama.Umbutho umele amalungu awo ngokuthethelela umdla wabo, uqondise iindlela zenkxaso ezifumaneka kwiimali zoluntu, kwaye iququzelela intsebenziswano phakathi kwamalungu ayo ukuphuhlisa ngakumbi ishishini lokutya lelizwe. iwebhusayithi:http://etml.org/en/ 6.Ibhodi yezoKhenketho e-Estonia(VisitEstonia).VisitEstonia ikhuthaza ukhenketho ngokubonisa iindawo zokuhamba ezinomtsalane,amava enkcubeko,nemisebenzi yolonwabo ekhoyo ngaphakathi e-Estonia.Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekutsaleni abakhenkethi basekhaya nabamazwe ngamazwe ngokubonelela ngolwazi olubanzi malunga neendawo zokuhlala,umtsalane,njengoko. kunye nokuququzelela amaphulo okwazisa. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: https://www.visitestonia.com/en Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yemibutho emikhulu yoshishino e-Estonia. Umbutho ngamnye udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni nasekuphuhliseni icandelo lawo, ngelixa likwamele umdla wamashishini akuloo mashishini.

Iiwebhusayithi zeshishini kunye norhwebo

I-Estonia, ekuMntla Yurophu, yaziwa ngeziseko zayo eziphucukileyo zedijithali kunye nemeko yeshishini ephumelelayo. Ilizwe libonelela ngeewebhusayithi ezahlukeneyo zezoqoqosho kunye nezorhwebo ezifanele ukuphononongwa. Nazi ezinye eziphawulekayo kunye nee-URL zazo: 1. I-Estonia.eu (https://estonia.eu/): Le webhusayithi isemthethweni karhulumente ibonelela ngamagqabantshintshi ngoqoqosho lwase-Estonia, amathuba oshishino, imeko yotyalo-mali, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo. Ikwabandakanya ulwazi malunga neziganeko zorhwebo, amacandelo obugcisa, kunye nezixhobo eziluncedo kumashishini acinga ukuzimisa e-Estonia. 2. I-Enterprise Estonia (https://www.eas.ee): I-Enterprise Estonia ngumbutho karhulumente wase-Estonia onoxanduva lokukhuthaza ushishino nokutsalela utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kweli lizwe. Iwebhusayithi yabo inika ulwazi ngeenkonzo zenkxaso ezifumanekayo kuwo omabini amashishini asekhaya kunye nabo baza kuba ngabatyali-zimali bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna amathuba otyalo-mali. 3. Irejista ye-e-Business (https://ariregister.rik.ee/index?lang=en): Irejista ye-e-Business yase-Estonia ivumela abantu okanye amashishini ukuba abhalise iinkampani ezintsha kwi-intanethi ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo. Ibonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo olunxulumene nokuqalisa ishishini e-Estonia kuquka iimfuno zomthetho, imimiselo, iifomu, iishedyuli zemirhumo kunye nokufikelela kwezinye izixhobo eziluncedo. 4. Tyala imali e-Estonia (https://investinestonia.com/): Tyala imali e-Estonia isebenza njengomlamli phakathi kwabatyali-zimali bamanye amazwe kunye neenkampani zalapha ekhaya ezifuna inaliti yenkunzi okanye intsebenziswano phakathi kwenkqubo ekhulayo yelizwe. amacandelo afana nezisombululo ze-ICT, iteknoloji yokwenziwa kwefashoni & uyilo njl.njl., kunye nezifundo ezineenkcukacha ezibonisa amabali empumelelo yangaphambili. 5. I-Tradehouse (http://www.tradehouse.ee/eng/): I-Tradehouse yenye yabarhwebi abakhulu abakwihoseyili abazinze e-Tallinn esebenza kumazwe amaninzi. Bagxile kakhulu kubathengi be-elektroniki, ifenitshala, kunye nemathiriyeli yokwakha. inika iikhathalogu zabo zemveliso kunye neenkcukacha malunga nendlela abathengi abanokuthi banxibelelane ngayo nabo malunga nokhetho lokuthenga okanye ukuseka izivumelwano zentsebenziswano. 6.Taltech Industrial Engineering & Management Exchange (http://ttim.emt.ee/): Le webhusayithi liqonga lotshintshiselwano kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwabathweswe izidanga kwiYunivesithi yaseTalTech yase-Estonia, izifundiswa, kunye neengcali kushishino. Ibonisa ubugcisa obuvelayo, imibono, kunye neeprojekthi kumacandelo ahlukeneyo oshishino, afana nobunjineli boomatshini, uqoqosho kunye nolawulo.Kunokuba luncedo ukuphonononga uphuhliso lweshishini okanye amaqabane anokubakho. Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yewebhusayithi ezininzi ezinxulumene noqoqosho kunye norhwebo ezikhoyo zokuhlola amathuba e-Estonia. Nokuba ucinga ngokutyala imali e-Estonia okanye ufuna intsebenziswano yezoshishino, ezi webhusayithi ziya kukunika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kuqoqosho lwelizwe kunye nenkxaso ye-ecosystem.

Iiwebhusayithi zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zemibuzo yorhwebo ekhoyo e-Estonia. Nazi ezine kuzo kunye nee-URL zewebhusayithi yazo: 1. IRejista yoRhwebo yase-Estonia (Äriregister) - https://ariregister.rik.ee IRejista yoRhwebo yase-Estonia ibonelela ngolwazi olubanzi kwiinkampani ezibhalisiweyo nezisebenza e-Estonia, kuquka imisebenzi yazo yorhwebo, abaninizabelo, iingxelo zemali, nokunye. 2. Izibalo zase-Estonia (i-Statistikaamet) - https://www.stat.ee/en I-Statistics Estonia inikezela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwedatha yamanani malunga namacandelo ahlukeneyo oqoqosho e-Estonia, kubandakanywa amanani orhwebo lwangaphandle. Abasebenzisi banokufumana ulwazi malunga nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuthumela ngaphandle, amaqabane orhwebo, kunye neemveliso ezahlukeneyo. 3. I-Estonian Information System Authority (RIA) – https://portaal.ria.ee/ I-Estonian Information System Authority ibonelela ngokufikelela kwiinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene neshishini kunye norhwebo elizweni. Ibandakanya iirejista zoluntu apho abasebenzisi banokufumana iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga neekhowudi zemisebenzi yoqoqosho lwamashishini kunye neenkcukacha-manani zorhwebo. 4. Enterprise Estonia (EAS) – http://www.eas.ee/eng/ I-Enterprise Estonia yi-arhente enoxanduva lokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwamashishini elizweni nokutsala utyalo-mali oluvela kumazwe angaphandle. Banikezela ngeengxelo ezixabisekileyo zobuntlola bemarike eziquka idatha yorhwebo ethe ngqo kubatyali-zimali abanokubakho okanye abathumeli bangaphandle abanomdla ekurhwebeni okanye kutyalo-mali e-Estonia. Ezi webhusayithi zisebenza njengezixhobo ezixabisekileyo kuye nabani na ojonge ukuqokelela ulwazi olubanzi olunxulumene norhwebo malunga namashishini kunye namacandelo asebenza kuqoqosho lwase-Estonia.

amaqonga B2b

I-Estonia yaziwa ngommandla wayo weshishini ophumelelayo, kwaye kukho amaqonga eB2B aliqela elizweni aququzelela urhwebo kunye nokudibanisa amashishini. Amanye ala maqonga aquka: 1. Indawo yeMarike ye-e-Estonia: Eli qonga libonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kunye neenkonzo ezivela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa iteknoloji, izisombululo ze-e-residency, utyikityo lwedijithali, iimveliso ze-cybersecurity, kunye nokunye. umthombo: https://marketplace.e-estonia.com/ 2. Thumela i-Estonia: Yindawo yentengiso ekwi-intanethi eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukukhuthaza abathengisi base-Estonia kubathengi bamanye amazwe. Iqonga libonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweenkampani zase-Estonia kumashishini ahlukeneyo avumela abathengi abanokubakho ukuba bafumane ababoneleli abafanelekileyo. umthombo: https://export.estonia.ee/ 3. I-EEN Estonia: Iqonga le-Enterprise Europe Network (EEN) e-Estonia lidibanisa amashishini asekuhlaleni namaqabane anokuba ngamaqabane kwihlabathi jikelele ngothungelwano olubanzi lwamahlakani kumazwe angaphezu kwama-60. Inceda amashishini ukuba afumane iimarike ezintsha okanye andise esele ekhona ngelixa enikezela ngenkxaso exabiseke kakhulu kunye nolwazi olufanelekileyo kwiinzame eziyimpumelelo zokuzisa amazwe ngamazwe. umthombo: https://www.enterprise-europe.co.uk/network-platform/een-estonia 4. I-MadeinEST.com: Le ndawo yentengiso ye-B2B iquka kuphela iimpahla ezenziwe e-Estonia kumacandelo awohlukeneyo afana nelaphu, ifenitshala, ukulungiswa kokutya, izinto zombane njl. umthombo: http://madeinest.com/ 5. I-Baltic Domains Market - CEDBIBASE.EU: Eli qonga likhethekileyo le-B2B ligxile kwimarike yegama lesizinda kwingingqi ye-Baltic kuquka i-Estonia kunye neLatvia kunye neLithuania evumela abasebenzisi ukuba bathenge okanye bathengise amagama esizinda ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi ethembekileyo. Iwebhusayithi http://www.cedbibase.eu/en Ezi qonga zibonelela kumashishini ahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zoshishino ngokubonelela ngokufikelela kwiimveliso ezininzi kunye neenkonzo ezivela kwiinkampani ezihloniphekileyo zase-Estonia. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezinye iiwebhusayithi zinokufuna iindlela zokuguqulela njengoko zisenokungafumaneki ngesiNgesi ngokuzenzekelayo. Ihlala ingumbono olungileyo ukuphanda ngokucokisekileyo kwaye uqinisekise ukuthembeka kwalo naliphi na iqonga phambi kokuzibandakanya kwintengiselwano yeshishini.
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