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Iimarike eziphambili
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Ilizwe jikelele
I-United Kingdom, eyaziwa njenge-UK, lilizwe elizimeleyo elikunxweme olukumantla ntshona weYurophu. Yenziwe ngamazwe amane alandelayo: iNgilani, iSkotlani, iWales, kunye noMntla Ireland. I-UK inedemokhrasi yepalamente enobukhosi obusemthethweni. Igubungela umhlaba omalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-93,628 (iikhilomitha ezingama-242,500), i-UK inabemi abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-67 zabantu. Ikomkhulu layo kunye nesona sixeko sikhulu yiLondon, engelilo nje iziko elibalulekileyo lezemali kodwa likwayindawo yenkcubeko. I-UK idlale indima ebalulekileyo kwimbali yehlabathi kunye nezopolitiko. Yayikhe yabubukhosi obabujikeleza amazwekazi ahlukeneyo kwaye yayinempembelelo enkulu kwimimandla efana neendlela zorhwebo kunye neenkqubo zolawulo. Namhlanje, nangona ingasekho ubukhosi, iseyeyona iphambili kwezoqoqosho ehlabathini. I-UK iyaziwa ngelifa lenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo. Ilizwe ngalinye phakathi kwemida yalo linezithethe neelwimi zalo ezahlukeneyo; Umzekelo, isiNgesi sithethwa kakhulu eNgilani ngelixa isiWelsh eWales. Ngaphezu koko, iScottish Gaelic (eSkotlani) kunye neIrish (kuMntla Ireland) nazo zibambe ukwamkelwa ngokusemthethweni. Ngaphaya koko, i-UK ineendawo ezininzi zeLifa leMveli ze-UNESCO ezibandakanya iStonehenge eNgilani kunye neNqaba yase-Edinburgh eScotland. Abakhenkethi banokonwabela imbonakalo-mhlaba emangalisayo yendalo enje ngeendawo eziphakamileyo zaseSkotlani okanye bajonge iimpawu zembali ezifana neBuckingham Palace okanye iBig Ben eLondon. Uqoqosho lwase-United Kingdom lujolise kwiinkonzo kumashishini afana nezezimali, ezemveliso (kubandakanywa iimoto), amayeza, kunye namacandelo oyilo adlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ulimo nalo lunegalelo kuqoqosho lwalo nangona kuphela lubalelwa malunga ne-1% ye-GDP namhlanje. Yimali, iPound Sterling yaseBritane iseyenye yezona zimali zinamandla kwihlabathi jikelele, Ngokwezopolitiko, iUKelinye lelungu leZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye nelungu leNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Idibene kunye nenxalenye yeMbumbano yeYurophu kwaye ikhuphe iEU emva kokutyikitywa kwevoti ngo-2016. Ukuqukumbela, i-United Kingdom lilizwe elahlukileyo nelibalulekileyo ngokwembali elinelifa lenkcubeko etyebileyo. Inoqoqosho olomeleleyo, impembelelo yehlabathi, kwaye inika abakhenkethi uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezinomtsalane ukuba baphonononge.
Imali yeSizwe
Imali yase-United Kingdom yiponti yaseBritane, ephawulwa njenge-GBP (£). Yenye yezona zimali zinamandla kwaye zamkelwe ngokubanzi kwihlabathi jikelele. Iponti okwangoku inexabiso eliphezulu xa ithelekiswa nezinye iimali, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ilungele urhwebo notyalo-mali lwamazwe ngamazwe. IBhanki yaseNgilani, esebenza njengebhanki ephakathi yelizwe, inoxanduva lokukhupha nokugcina ukunikezelwa kweepounds ezijikelezayo. Balawula umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali ukuze balawule izinto ezifana nezinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nenzala ukuze kuqinisekiswe uzinzo kuqoqosho. Iingqekembe zemali ziyafumaneka ngokweenkolo zepeni enye (1p), 2 ipeni (2p), 5 ipeni (5p), 10 ipeni (10p), 20 ipeni (20p), 50 ipeni (50p), i£1 (iponti enye) kunye neponti enye. 2 (iiponti ezimbini). Ezi ngqekembe zibonisa amanani ahlukeneyo embali okanye imiqondiso yesizwe kuyilo lwazo. Amanqaku ebhanki aqhele ukusetyenziselwa iintengiselwano zexabiso eliphezulu. Okwangoku, kukho iimvaba ezine ezahlukeneyo: i-£5, i-£10, i-£20, kunye ne-£50. Ukuqala kumanqaku epolymer angeniswe kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yokuqina okuphuculweyo kunye neempawu zokhuseleko. Abantu abadumileyo abanjengoWinston Churchill babonakala kwiimali eziziibhanki. Ukongeza kwimali ebonakalayo, iindlela zokuhlawula idijithali ezifana namakhadi okuthenga ngetyala okanye iintlawulo ezingaqhagamshelwanga zifumene ukuthandwa kumashishini e-UK. Ii-ATM zinokufunyanwa kuzo zonke izixeko zivumela ukurhoxiswa ngokulula okanye ukutshintshiselana ngemali usebenzisa amakhadi ebhanki okanye okuthenga ngetyala. Ngaphezu koko, kuba uMntla Ireland usebenzisa iseti eyahlukileyo yamanqaku ebhanki akhutshwa ziibhanki ezahlukeneyo zasekhaya ezibizwa ngokuba yi "sterling" okanye "iiponti zaseIreland," zombini iiponti zesiNgesi (£) kunye neeponti zaseIreland (£) zinokusetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni ngokutshintshisanayo eMantla eIreland kunye neengqekembe zemali ezivela. yomibini imimandla ngaphandle kwemiba. Ngokubanzi, ukuba nemali yayo eyomeleleyo iqinisekisa uzinzo lwezoqoqosho ngaphakathi kwe-United Kingdom ngelixa ikwenza ukuba yaziwe lula kwihlabathi jikelele ngeyunithi yayo yemali eyahlukileyo-iponti yaseBritane (£).
Imali yokutshintsha
Imali esemthethweni yase-United Kingdom yiPonti yaseBritane (GBP). Amaxabiso otshintshiselwano lweemali ezinkulu ayahla enyuka mihla le, ke ndingakunika amaxabiso aqikelelwayo otshintshiselwano ukusukela ngoSeptemba wama-2021: - 1 GBP iphantse yalingana no: - 1.37 iDola yaseMelika (USD) - 153.30 Yen yaseJapan (JPY) - 1.17 Euro (EUR) - 10.94 Yuan yamaTshayina (CNY) Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezi zilinganiso zotshintshiselwano zinokutshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemarike kunye nezinye izinto, kwaye kusoloko kucetyiswa ukuba ukhangele kumthombo othembekileyo okanye iziko lezemali ngezona ntlawulo zihlaziyiweyo phambi kokwenza naluphi na utshintshiselwano lwemali.
Iiholide ezibalulekileyo
I-United Kingdom ibhiyozela iiholide ezininzi ezibalulekileyo unyaka wonke. Ezi holide zibonisa ukubaluleka kwembali, inkcubeko, nonqulo kubantu belizwe. Nazi ezinye iiholide ezibalulekileyo ezibhiyozelwa e-United Kingdom: 1. Usuku loNyaka oMtsha (ngoJanuwari 1): Olu suku luphawula ukuqalisa konyaka omtsha yaye lubhiyozelwa ngamatheko, imiboniso, kunye nokudubula komlilo kwilizwe lonke. 2. Usuku luka-St David's (ngoMatshi 1): Lubhiyozelwa eWales ukuhlonipha umxhasi wabo ongcwele, uSt David. Abantu banxiba iidaffodils okanye iiliki (imiqondiso yesizwe) kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwimidaniso. 3. Usuku lukaSt Patrick’s (ngoMatshi 17): Lubhiyozelwa ikakhulu kuMntla Ireland apho iSt Patrick kukholelwa ukuba yazisa ubuKristu – imibhiyozo yasesitratweni, iikonsathi nokunxiba okuluhlaza yimibhiyozo eqhelekileyo. 4. I-Ista: Iholide yenkolo ekhumbula ukuvuka kukaYesu Krestu ekufeni emva kokubethelelwa emnqamlezweni – ebonwa ngeenkonzo zecawe, iindibano zosapho kunye nokutshintshiselana ngamaqanda etshokolethi. 5. May Day Bank Holiday (ngoMvulo wokuqala kaMeyi): Umbhiyozo Traditional yasentwasahlobo kunye nokudanisa malunga maypoles, imiboniso, kunye neminyhadala zobugcisa ezenzeka kwilizwe lonke. 6. Usuku lweKrisimesi (umhla wama-25 kuDisemba) kunye noSuku lweBoxing (umhla wama-26 kuDisemba): IKrisimesi ibhiyozelwa ngokubanzi kuyo yonke imimandla ngezithethe ezifana nokuhombisa amakhaya ngezibane & nemithi; ukuphana izipho; ukuba nesidlo esikhulu somthendeleko ngeKrisimesi elandelwa yiBoxing Day echithwa nosapho okanye nabahlobo. 7. Ubusuku beBonfire/Guy Fawkes Night (Novemba 5): Sikhumbula iyelenqe likaGuy Fawkes elingaphumelelanga lokuqhumisa iPalamente ngo-1605 - libhiyozelwa ngokubasa imililo kunye nokuqhumisa iziqhushumbisi kwilizwe lonke. 8.Hogmanay(ubusuku bangaphambi koNyaka oMtsha) obujongwa ikakhulu eSkotlani - imibhiyozo emikhulu ibandakanya umngcelele wokukhanya kwetotshi ukuya e-Edinburgh kunye nomculo onjengo "Auld Lang Syne." Le minyhadala ayikhuthazi nje kuphela imvakalelo yobuzwe kodwa ikwadibanisa abantu ukuze babhiyozele ilifa lemveli nezithethe zabo. Babonisa indawo yenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo yase-United Kingdom kwaye babonise imbonakalo yembali yayo etyebileyo.
Imeko yoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle
I-United Kingdom ngumdlali obalaseleyo wehlabathi malunga norhwebo. Njengolona qoqosho lwesithandathu ngobukhulu kwihlabathi, luqhayisa ngemeko-bume yorhwebo eyomeleleyo neyahlukeneyo kunye nezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Ngokumalunga nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, i-United Kingdom inoluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso ezinegalelo elikhulu kuqoqosho lwayo. Iindidi zayo eziphezulu zokuthumela ngaphandle ziquka oomatshini, izithuthi, amayeza, amatye anqabileyo kunye neentsimbi ezixabisekileyo, iimveliso ze-aerospace, iikhemikhali, kunye neenkonzo zemali. Ilizwe laziwa ngobuchwephesha balo kumashishini ahlukeneyo afana nokuvelisa iimoto (kubandakanywa neempawu ezidumileyo ezifana neRolls-Royce kunye neBentley), uphando lwamachiza (kunye neenkampani ezifana neGlaxoSmithKline ehamba phambili), ubuchwepheshe be-aerospace (imisebenzi ye-Boeing yase-UK isekwe apha), kunye iinkonzo zezimali (iLondon yenye yezona ndawo ziphambili zezimali zehlabathi). Xa kuziwa kwizinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, iUnited Kingdom ixhomekeke kwiimpahla ezininzi ezivela kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi jikelele. Irhweba kumazwe angaphandle impahla efana noomatshini kunye nezixhobo, izinto ezenziweyo (ezifana ne-electronics), amafutha (kuquka i-oyile), iikhemikhali, ukutya (okufana neziqhamo, imifuno, iimveliso zenyama), impahla kunye nalaphu. I-European Union ngokwesiko ibiliqabane elibalulekileyo lokurhweba e-United Kingdom ngenxa yobulungu bayo kwi-bloc. Nangona kunjalo, ukususela ekushiyeni ngokusemthethweni i-EU ekupheleni kwe-2020 emva kokuba iingxoxo ze-Brexit zigqitywe ngesivumelwano malunga nobudlelwane bezorhwebo bexesha elizayo kunye neYurophu ebizwa ngokuthi "iSivumelwano seNtsebenziswano yoRhwebo," kukho utshintsho oluthile kwi-UK-EU trade dynamics. Ngokugqitywa kweBrexit kunye nezivumelwano zorhwebo ezitsha ezisekwe kwihlabathi jikelele phantsi kwemeko yobulungu obuzimeleyo base-UK ngaphandle kwemimiselo ye-EU okanye izikhokelo zerhafu ezifana nezivumelwano zorhwebo simahla kunye namazwe afana neJapan okanye iingxoxo eziqhubekayo malunga nezivumelwano ezibalulekileyo ezinokubakho kunye noqoqosho olukhulu olufana ne-Australia okanye iCanada - zonke zibonisa ukuba zinokubakho. amathuba amatsha kumashishini aseBritane afuna ukwanda kumazwe ngamazwe ngaphaya kwemida ye-EU. Lilonke, ngelixa uhlengahlengiso kwiinyani zasemva kweBrexit ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuya kuzisa imingeni phakathi kweepatheni eziguqukayo zorhwebo kwihlabathi jikelele ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kobhubhani we-Covid-19; nangona kunjalo iUnited Kingdom ihleli ingumdlali obalulekileyo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe olusebenzisa amandla kuwo onke amacandelo amaninzi lunika inzuzo ekwenzeni ubambiswano olutsha nokugcina ubudlelwane obukhoyo bezoqoqosho.
Uphuhliso lweMakethi olunokubakho
I-United Kingdom inamandla amakhulu okuphuhlisa imarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Ngokwembali, i-UK ibe ngumdlali ophambili kurhwebo lwehlabathi, enkosi kwindawo yayo yobuchule, iziseko ezingundoqo ezomeleleyo, kunye necandelo leenkonzo zemali eziphuhliswe kakuhle. Okokuqala, inzuzo yejografi ye-UK njengelizwe lesiqithi elinamazibuko aqhagamshelwe kakuhle kunye nezikhululo zeenqwelo moya ziyenza ikwazi ukufikelela ngokulula kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuhamba kweempahla kunye neenkonzo ukuwela imida kwaye kuyenza iqabane elinomtsalane lokurhweba kumashishini kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngaphaya koko, i-UK ilikhaya kwiibrendi ezininzi ezamkelwa kwihlabathi liphela kumashishini amaninzi anjengefashoni, iimpahla zodidi, iimoto, itekhnoloji, kunye neenkonzo zemali. Ezi mpawu zisekiweyo zibonelela ngesiseko esomeleleyo kwiinkampani zaseBritane ukuba zandise kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe. Isidima seemveliso zaseBhritane zomgangatho kunye nezinto ezintsha zongeza ukukhuphisana kwazo kwihlabathi liphela. Ukongeza, emva kokumka kwayo kwiManyano yaseYurophu ngo-2020 ngokugqitywa kweBrexit ekufuneni izivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe ezitsha kunokwandisa ngakumbi amathuba emarike kumashishini ase-UK. Ngokwenza izivumelwano zamazwe amabini namazwe angaphandle kwe-EU anjenge-Australia okanye iKhanada kunye nokuphonononga iimarike ezivelayo njenge-Indiya okanye i-China kunokunceda ekuguquleni iindawo ekusingwa kuzo ngaphandle. Ngaphaya koko, kukho amandla amakhulu kurhwebo lwedijithali kunye ne-e-commerce kuba abathengi abaninzi batshintshela ekuthengeni kwi-Intanethi kwihlabathi liphela. Iziseko ezingundoqo zedijithali zase-UK eziphuhliswe kakhulu kunye nabemi bayo bezobuchwepheshe zidala amathuba kwiinkampani zaseBritane ukuba zingene kolu lwandiso lwehlabathi ngokuxhasa amaqonga etekhnoloji ukufikelela kubathengi kwihlabathi liphela. Okokugqibela, urhulumente wase-United Kingdom unikezela ngenkxaso ngamanyathelo ngamanyathelo ajolise ekukhuliseni urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Amaziko afana neSebe lezoRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (DIT) abonelela ngesikhokelo kuphuhliso lweqhinga lokuthengisa ngaphandle ngelixa ebonelela ngoncedo lwemali ngeegranti okanye iimali-mboleko. Olu ncedo lunceda amashishini oyise imiqobo anokujongana nayo ngelixa engena kwiimarike ezintsha phesheya kolwandle. Ukuqukumbela, i-United Kingdom inesiseko esiluqilima esinokuthi sixhaswe ziinkampani zaseBritane ezinqwenela ukwandisa ubukho bazo kwiimarike zangaphandle. Ngezinto ezinje ngejografi, ubukho boshishino olomeleleyo, amandla edijithali, kunye nenkxaso karhulumente, ilizwe linomsebenzi obalulekileyo. amathuba angasetyenziswayo okukhula ngakumbi kunye nophuhliso kurhwebo lwangaphandle.
Iimveliso ezishushu ezithengiswayo kwimarike
Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni iimveliso ezidumileyo ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kwimarike yorhwebo yangaphandle yase-United Kingdom, kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Nasi isikhokelo sendlela yokukhetha izinto ezinokuthengiseka: 1. Phanda iindlela zabathengi: Yenza uphando olucokisekileyo malunga nokukhethwa kwabathengi belizwe kunye neendlela. Hlalutya iingxelo zeshishini, idatha yokuthengisa, kunye nokuqonda kwimidiya yoluntu ukuchonga iindidi zeemveliso ezidumileyo. 2. Gxininisa kwiimveliso ezizodwa zaseBritane: Ukukhuthaza amandla e-UK ngokuthumela ngaphandle iimveliso zaseBritane ezikhethekileyo ezinenzuzo yokhuphiswano okanye ixabiso lelifa lemveli. Ukutya kwesintu kunye neziselo (ezifana neti, iibhiskithi, kunye newhiskey), iimveliso zefashoni (ezifana neBurberry), kunye nezinto zodidi oluphezulu (ezifana nobucwebe obuhle) zifunwa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele. 3. Ijongana neyantlukwano yenkcubeko: I-UK iyaziwa ngabantu bayo abahlukeneyo abanomdla kunye nezinto abazithandayo. Ukujongana nale yantlukwano ngokunikezela ngoluhlu lweemveliso ezifanelekileyo kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwe-UK okanye kujoliswe kuluntu oluthile lobuhlanga ngezinto ze-niche. 4. Uzinzo: Abathengi base-UK babeka phambili iimveliso ezizinzileyo kunye nezenzo ezilungele i-eco-friendly kunanini na ngaphambili. Cinga ngokuthumela ngaphandle izinto ezihambelana nendalo ezifana neemveliso ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, impahla/impahla yendalo eyenziwe ngemathiriyeli yendalo, okanye iteknoloji eyonga amandla. 5. Yamkela idijithali: I-E-commerce iyaqhubeka ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwimarike yase-UK; Ke ngoko, beka phambili ukwenza idijithali iminikelo yakho kumaqonga okuthengisa kwi-intanethi njengeAmazon okanye i-eBay ecaleni kwamajelo osasazo ngaphandle kweintanethi. 6. Ukusebenzisana kunye nabathengisi / abasasazi bendawo: Ukusebenzisana nabathengisi basekuhlaleni okanye abasasazi baya kunika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kwindlela yokuziphatha yangoku yabathengi ngelixa ukhulisa ukufikelela kwakho kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yelizwe. 7. Hlala uhlaziywa ngemimiselo: Hlala unolwazi malunga nemimiselo yokungenisa impahla efana nemithwalo yempahla, iimfuno zokuleyibhile, iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo kumashishini athile (umzekelo, izinto zokuthambisa), kunye nemithetho yokhuseleko lwepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda xa uqwalasela ukhetho olunokubakho lwemveliso. I-8.Ulawulo lomgangatho kunye nenkonzo yabathengi: Qinisekisa ukuba amanyathelo okulawula umgangatho angqongqo aphunyezwa kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokuvelisa ukugcina umgangatho ophezulu wezinto ezikhethiweyo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-UK kunye nenkxaso ekhethekileyo yenkonzo yabathengi emva kokuthengisa. Ekugqibeleni, ukukhetha iimveliso ezithengiswayo kurhwebo lwangaphandle e-United Kingdom kufuna ukuqonda iindlela zabathengi, ukwamkela ukuhlukahluka kunye nokuzinza, ukusebenzisa amaqonga edijithali, ukusebenzisana namaqabane asekuhlaleni, ukuthobela imimiselo, kunye nokubeka phambili ulawulo lomgangatho kunye nenkonzo yabathengi.
Iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboo
I-United Kingdom, eyaziwa njenge-UK, lilizwe elikuMntla-ntshona weYurophu. Ngembali yayo etyebileyo, inkcubeko eyahlukeneyo, kunye nezithethe ezizodwa, i-UK ibonisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zabathengi kunye ne-taboos. Iimpawu zoMthengi: 1. Imbeko: Abathengi baseBritani baxabisa imbeko kunye nembeko kuzo zonke iintlobo zentsebenziswano. Ngokuqhelekileyo balindele ukubulisa ngembeko, besebenzisa amabinzana afana nelithi "nceda" nelithi "enkosi." 2. Ukufola: Abantu baseBritani badume ngokuthanda imigca elungeleleneyo. Nokuba ilinde kwisikhululo sebhasi okanye kumgca wevenkile enkulu, ukuhlonipha iindawo ezisemgceni kuthathwa njengento ebalulekileyo. 3. Intlonipho yendawo yobuqu: Abantu baseBritane bakhetha ukugcina umgama ofanelekileyo womzimba ngelixa benxibelelana nabanye ukuhlonipha indawo yabo. 4. Indalo egciniweyo: Abantu abaninzi baseBritane banesimilo esingaguqukiyo xa besebenzisana nabantu abangabaziyo ekuqaleni kodwa bayafudumala xa beqhelana ngokuhamba kwexesha. 5. Ukugcina ixesha: Ukufika ngexesha kuxatyiswe kakhulu e-UK. Isebenza kumadinga, iintlanganiso, okanye nawuphi na umcimbi ocwangcisiweyo apho kulindeleke ukuba ukhawuleze. I-Taboos kunye neendlela zokuziphatha onokuziphepha: 1. Izihloko zentlalo: Iingxoxo ezigxile kunqulo okanye kwezopolitiko zinokuba zizifundo ezinovakalelo phakathi kwamaBritane ngaphandle kokuba ziqalwe ngabo kuqala. 2. Imibuzo yobuqu: Ukubuza imibuzo ephazamisayo malunga nomvuzo womntu okanye imicimbi yobuqu kunokubonwa njengento engenambeko nengenambeko. 3. Ukugxeka usapho lwasebukhosini: Intsapho yasebukhosini ibambe ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kwinkcubeko yaseBritane; ke ngoko, kucetyiswa ngokubanzi ukuba ungenzi amagqabaza agxekayo malunga nabo malunga nabemi basekhaya abanentlonipho enkulu ebukhosini. 4. Indlela yokunika iingcebiso ngengcebiso kwishishini lenkonzo (iivenkile zokutyela/iibhari/iihotele) ngokuqhelekileyo kulandela i-10-15% yoluhlu lwemali yentlawulo esekelwe kumgangatho wenkonzo efunyenweyo kodwa akunyanzelekanga. Ukuqukumbela, i-United Kingdom iyazingca ngokuziphatha kunye nesimilo esibonakaliswa ngokuchubeka.
Inkqubo yolawulo lweCustoms
I-United Kingdom, equka iNgilani, iSkotlani, iWales, neNorthern Ireland, inenkqubo yolawulo lwezithethe echazwe kakuhle. Xa ufika okanye ushiya ilizwe, imimiselo ethile kunye neenkqubo kufuneka zilandelwe ukuqinisekisa ukungena okanye ukuphuma ngaphandle kwe-UK. Ekufikeni kwabo e-UK, abakhweli kufuneka baveze iipasi zabo ezisemthethweni okanye amaxwebhu okuhamba kulawulo lomda. Abemi abangengabo abeManyano yaseYurophu (i-EU) nabo banokufuna i-visa esebenzayo ukuze bangene kweli lizwe. Kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba ngaba ufuna i-visa ngaphambi kohambo lwakho. Imimiselo yeCustoms iyakuthintela ukuzisa izinto ezithile e-UK. Ezi zinto zithintelweyo ziquka iziyobisi, imipu kunye neembumbulu ngaphandle kogunyaziso olufanelekileyo oluvela kwabasemagunyeni. Ukungenisa impahla ngaphandle kwexabiso lezorhwebo ngaphaya kwemida echaziweyo kunokufuna isibhengezo kunye nokuhlawulwa kwemisebenzi/iirhafu. Kuyimfuneko ukubhengeza naziphi na iimpahla ezidlula isibonelelo esingahlawulelwayo esisetwe yi-HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC). Oku kuquka iimveliso zecuba, utywala ngaphezu kwemida echaziweyo, imali eziinkozo ezingaphezu kwe-10,000 (okanye ilingana), kunye neemveliso ezithile zokutya ezifana nenyama okanye ubisi. Xa usuka e-UK, kuyasebenza imigaqo efanayo kwizinto ezingavumelekanga ezifana neziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni kunye nemipu/izixhobo ezithintelweyo. Qaphela ukuba ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana zasendle okanye iimveliso zazo ezikhuselweyo phantsi kwezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zinokufuna iimvume ezithe ngqo zokuthumela ngaphandle. Ukuququzelela iinkqubo zokuhlola imithwalo kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya e-UK - zombini ngexesha lokufika nokuhamba - kuyacetyiswa ukuba upakishe imithwalo ngononophelo ukwenzela ukuba izinto zomntu zichongwe ngokulula ngexesha lokuhlolwa kokhuseleko. Khumbula ukuba ungaphathi ibhegi yomnye umntu ngaphandle kokwazi okukuyo kwangaphambili. Kwimeko yako nakuphi na ukubhideka okanye imibuzo emalunga neenkqubo zesithethe okanye iimfuno zamaxwebhu ngelixa undwendwela/usuka eUnited Kingdom abahlali kufuneka baqhagamshelane nomnxeba woncedo we-HMRC okanye bajonge iiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni zikarhulumente ukuze bafumane iinkcukacha ezihlaziyiweyo malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yezithethe. Lilonke, kubalulekile ukuba uziqhelanise nemithetho yezithethe zase-United Kingdom ngaphambi kokuba uhambe apho njengomhambi ongena elizweni ezisa iimpahla kwaye njengomhambi ophumayo ebambelela kwizithintelo ngelixa ehamba.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu
Umgaqo-nkqubo waseUnited Kingdom wamaxabiso angaphandle ujolise ekulawuleni nasekukhuthazeni urhwebo ngelixa ukhusela imizi-mveliso yasekhaya. Ilizwe lisebenza phantsi komgaqo "weSizwe esiFanelekileyo", nto leyo ethetha ukuba kwamaxabiso erhafu afanayo kuwo onke amazwe ngaphandle kokuba kukho izivumelwano zorhwebo ezikhethekileyo okanye izinto ezikhethwayo. Iirhafu zokungenisa elizweni zase-UK, ezikwabizwa ngokuba yimirhumo okanye imirhumo, zinyanzeliswa kwimpahla evela kumazwe angengawo awe-EU. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwexesha lenguqu ye-Brexit eyaphela ngoDisemba ka-2020, i-UK iseke imigaqo-nkqubo yayo yorhwebo eyahlukileyo kwi-European Union. Amaxabiso entlawulo ayahluka ngokuxhomekeke kudidi lwempahla. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokumisela ezi ntlawulo. Enye kukubonisana neNkqubo yokuKhethelwa Jikelele (GSP), ebonelela ngamaxabiso acuthiweyo okanye angasebenziyo kwiimveliso ezifanelekileyo ezivela kumazwe asakhasayo. Enye inketho ibhekiselele kwinkqubo ye-UK Global Tariff (UKGT) eyaziswa emva kweBrexit, ethatha indawo kwaye iphinda iphindaphinde iirhafu ze-EU. Ngaphantsi kwale nkqubo intsha, ezinye iimpahla ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle zineentlawulo zazo ezincitshisiweyo okanye zipheliswe ngokupheleleyo xa kuthelekiswa nemimiselo yangaphambili ye-EU. Umzekelo, ezinye iimveliso zezolimo ezifana neebhanana okanye iiorenji azisayi kuphinda zijongane nentlawulo yerhafu xa zingeniswa e-UK. Ukuqonda amaxabiso athile erhafu yokungenisa elizweni kwimveliso ethile okanye udidi lwezinto umntu anqwenela ukuzingenisa/ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle/ukusuka eUnited Kingdom, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubhekiselele kwiiwebhusayithi ezifanelekileyo zikarhulumente ezifana ne-HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) okanye ufune uncedo lobungcali abarhwebi bamasiko abanokubonelela ngolwazi oluchanekileyo noluhlaziyiweyo malunga namatyala ngamanye. Kubalulekile ukuba amashishini abandakanyeka kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye ne-United Kingdom ahlale enolwazi ngazo naziphi na iinguqu kwimigaqo-nkqubo yoluhlu lwamaxabiso rhoqo kuba zinokuchaphazela iindleko kunye nokhuphiswano kwimisebenzi yokungenisa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla-centric.
Iipolisi zerhafu ezithumela ngaphandle
I-United Kingdom inomgaqo-nkqubo werhafu ochazwe kakuhle kwiimpahla zayo zokuthumela ngaphandle. Ilizwe lilandela inkqubo yerhafu yexabiso elongeziweyo (i-VAT) kwiimpahla neenkonzo ezininzi, kuquka nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle ngokuqhelekileyo kulinganiselwa ku-zero ngeenjongo ze-VAT, nto leyo ethetha ukuba akukho rhafu ihlawuliswayo kwimpahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Abathengisi bangaphandle e-UK bangonwabela izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo phantsi kwalo mgaqo-nkqubo werhafu. Okokuqala, ngokungahlawulisi i-VAT kwiimveliso neenkonzo zabo, abathumeli bangaphandle banokubeka amaxabiso eempahla zabo ngokukhuphisanayo kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe. Oku kunceda ukukhulisa ishishini lokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokwandisa amathuba orhwebo lwangaphandle. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwalo mgaqo-nkqubo, abathumeli bangaphandle kufuneka bagcine amaxwebhu afanelekileyo kunye nobungqina bokuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zabo zishiye ummandla wase-UK. Oku kubandakanya ukugcina iirekhodi zamaxwebhu okuthumela ngenqanawa afana namatyala omthwalo okanye amatyala omoya. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba izithintelo ezithile zinokusebenza kwiimveliso ezithile okanye amazwe ngenxa yemimiselo okanye izivumelwano zorhwebo. Umzekelo, imigaqo ekhethekileyo inokubakho kwiimveliso eziphantsi kwerhafu efana notywala okanye icuba. Ukongeza, kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba ngelixa ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngokubanzi simahla kwiintlawulo ze-VAT ngaphakathi kwimarike yase-UK kwingingqi eyaziwa ngokuba yiGreat Britain kunye neNorthern Ireland - kusenokubakho iirhafu zokungenisa elizweni ezihlawuliswa amazwe ekusingwa kuwo ngaphandle kwe-EU (ngenxa yeBrexit). Olu luhlu lweerhafu luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimimiselo yelizwe ngalinye kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo emalunga nokungeniswa kumazwe angaphandle kwe-EU. Lilonke, i-United Kingdom izama ukuququzelela urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokumisela imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu efanelekileyo kwicandelo layo lokuthumela ngaphandle. Ukukhululwa kwi-VAT kukhulisa ukukhuphisana kwiimarike zehlabathi ngelixa kuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zothotyelo ziyahlangatyezwa ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo zokugcina iirekhodi.
Iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle
I-United Kingdom idume ngeemveliso kunye neenkonzo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezifunwa kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi mpahla zithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zigcina isidima sazo kwaye zihlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, ilizwe liseke inkqubo eyomeleleyo yokukhutshwa kwezatifiketi. Izatifikethi zokuthumela ngaphandle e-United Kingdom ziququzelelwa ikakhulu zii-arhente zikarhulumente ezifana neSebe lezoRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (DIT) kunye neNgeniso neRhafu yoBukhulu bakhe (HMRC). Ezi arhente zisebenza kunye ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla ezithunyelwe kwiimarike zangaphandle zithobela yonke imimiselo efanelekileyo, imigangatho yokhuseleko kunye neemfuno zamaxwebhu. Esinye sesiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo sokuthumela ngaphandle e-UK liLayisenisi yokuThunyela ngaphandle. Eli phepha-mvume liyafuneka kwizinto ezithile ezithathwa ngokuba zibuthathaka okanye zithintelwe ngenxa yeenkxalabo zokhuseleko lwesizwe okanye ezinye izizathu zolawulo. ILayisenisi yokuThunyelelwa kwamanye amazwe iqinisekisa ukuba ezi mpahla zithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ngenkathalo, kuthintelwa naziphi na iimpembelelo ezimbi kubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe okanye ukungqubana kwemidla. Esinye isatifikethi esibalulekileyo sokuthumela ngaphandle sibandakanya imigangatho yokuqinisekisa umgangatho efana ne-ISO 9000 yothotho lwezatifikethi. Ezi ziqinisekiso zibonisa ukuba abathumeli bangaphandle base-UK babambelela kwiinkqubo zolawulo olusemgangathweni olwamkelwa ngamazwe ngamazwe kumacandelo ahlukeneyo afana nelemveliso, ukhathalelo lwempilo, imfundo kunye nokwamkela iindwendwe. Ngaphaya koko, amashishini athile afuna izatifikethi ezithile zokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo ethile okanye imigangatho yoshishino. Njengokuba: - Iimveliso zokutya: I-Arhente yeMigangatho yoKutya (i-FSA) iqinisekisa ukuthengiswa kokutya kweBritani kuhlangabezana nemithetho yezempilo kunye nococeko ngokusebenzisa iziqinisekiso ezahlukeneyo ezifana neNqanaba lokuHlalutya iNqanaba eliPhambili (HACCP), izicwangciso zeGlobal Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) ezifana ne-BRC Global Standard yoKhuseleko lokutya okanye ngamazwe ngamazwe. ImiGangatho eFakelweyo (IFS). - Izithambiso: IMiqathango yoNyanzeliso lweeMveliso zeCosmetic ifuna abathumeli bezinto zokuthambisa balandele iinkqubo ezingqongqo zovavanyo lokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso phambi kokuvumela ukuthengiswa kwabo ngaphakathi kwimarike ye-EU. - Iimveliso ze-Organic: Umbutho we-Soil ubonelela ngesatifikethi se-organic ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zezolimo ziyahambelana nezenzo zokulima eziphilayo. - Ushishino lweemoto: Izatifikethi ezifana ne-International Automotive Task Force 16949 zibonisa ukuthotyelwa kweenkqubo zokulawula umgangatho ezilungiselelwe ngokuthe ngqo kubenzi beemoto. Ukuqukumbela, i-United Kingdom ibeka phambili iziqinisekiso zokuthumela ngaphandle ukugcina imigangatho ekumgangatho ophezulu kuwo onke amashishini ahlukeneyo. Ngokusebenzisa ii-arhente zikarhulumente ezahlukeneyo ezisebenza ngokusondeleleneyo namashishini, abathumeli bangaphandle banokuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zabo zithobela yonke imimiselo eyimfuneko, imigangatho yokhuseleko, kunye neziqinisekiso ezingqamene noshishino eziphakamisa ukukhuphisana kwabo kwimarike yehlabathi.
Ulungiselelo lolungiselelo olucetyiswayo
I-United Kingdom lilizwe elikumntla-ntshona weYurophu, libandakanya amazwe amane: iNgilani, iSkotlani, iWales, kunye neNorthern Ireland. Inothungelwano lwezothutho oluphuhliswe kakuhle oluqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngokufanelekileyo nokuthembekileyo kwilizwe lonke. Xa kuziwa ekuthumeleni iimpahla ngaphakathi e-UK, kukho iinkampani ezininzi ezicetyiswayo zolungiselelo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ezinye zezi ziquka: 1. I-DHL: I-DHL yinkampani yezothutho edume kwihlabathi jikelele esebenza kumazwe angaphezu kwama-220 nakwimimandla yehlabathi jikelele. Banikezela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo ezinjengokuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza, ukuthuthwa kwempahla, kunye nezisombululo zokugcina iimpahla. I-DHL inothungelwano olubanzi e-UK kwaye ibonelela ngeendlela ezinokuthenjwa zokuthumela ngenqanawa kumashishini. 2. I-UPS: I-UPS ngomnye umdlali ophambili kwishishini lezinto eziphathekayo kunye nobukho obunamandla e-United Kingdom. Banikezela ngeenkonzo zokuthumela ngenqanawa zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe kunye noncedo lwemvume yesithethe. Ngeenkqubo zokulandela umkhondo eziphucukileyo kunye neenketho zokuhanjiswa okukhawulezayo, i-UPS iqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zakho zifikelela kwindawo eziya kuyo ngexesha. 3. I-FedEx: I-FedEx yaziwa ngobuchwephesha bayo behlabathi kwizisombululo zothutho kunye nolawulo lwekhonkco lonikezelo. I-FedEx ibonelela ngezisombululo zolungiselelo olubanzi kuquka neenkonzo zekhuriya ebusuku, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngomoya, kunye nokubonisana ngokwesiko. Banothungelwano olubanzi e-UK kwaye babonelela ngenkxaso ekupheleni ukuya ekupheleni kumashishini bejonge ukuthumela iimveliso zabo. 4.Royal Mail Freight: Royal MailFreight yenye yezona nkampani zinkulu zeposi kunye nezothutho e-UK. Banikezela ngoluhlu lweenkonzo ezibandakanya ukuhanjiswa kweepasile, ulawulo lwembuyekezo yabathengi, kunye nokuzaliseka kwendawo yokugcina impahla. I-Royal MailFreight ifanelekile kwiinkampani zombini kunye nabahambisi beenqanawa ezincinci. 5.Parcelforce Ehlabathini Lonke:Pacelforce Worldwideiseisanational courierservice-of-thed-ye-ye-RoyalMail Group-ephethwe ngokupheleleyo yiRoyalMail Group.Ngamava angaphezulu kweminyaka engama-25,ine-express ukuhanjiswa kwepasela phakathi kwe-UKand kumazwe ngamazwe,i-PacelforceWorldwide ibonelela ngokuthembekileyo,ukukhawuleza, kunye neendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokuthunyelwa kwabathengi. Ezi nkampani zinerekhodi eyomeleleyo ekuboneleleni ngeenkonzo zolungiselelo oluthembekileyo ngaphakathi e-UK. Ngamnye unikezela ngoluhlu lwezisombululo ezilungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamashishini kunye nabantu ngabanye, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zakho zihanjiswa ngokukhuselekileyo nangexesha. Ngaphambi kokukhetha umboneleli wezinto eziphathekayo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqwalasele izinto ezifana namaxabiso, isantya sokuhanjiswa, irekhodi lomkhondo, kunye nokuphononongwa kwabathengi ukwenza isigqibo esinolwazi.
Imijelo yophuhliso lwabathengi

Imiboniso yorhwebo ebalulekileyo

I-United Kingdom ilikhaya kumajelo orhwebo aziwayo kwihlabathi kunye nemiboniso, etsala abathengi abaninzi ababalulekileyo behlabathi. La maqonga abonelela ngethuba kumashishini ukuba akhuthaze iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zawo kwihlabathi jikelele. Nanga amanye amajelo abalulekileyo okuthenga kunye nemiboniso eUnited Kingdom: 1. IiNdawo zeMarike ezikwi-Intanethi ze-B2B: I-UK ineentengiso ezininzi ze-intanethi ze-B2B ezinempembelelo ezifana ne-Alibaba, i-TradeIndia, i-Global Sources, kunye ne-DHgate. La maqonga adibanisa amashishini kwihlabathi jikelele, ebavumela ukuba babonise iimveliso zabo kwaye bazibandakanye kurhwebo oluthe ngqo nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. 2. Imiboniso yoRhwebo: I-United Kingdom ibamba imiboniso zorhwebo ezininzi ezitsala abathengi abaphambili bamazwe ngamazwe kumashishini awohlukeneyo. Eminye imizekelo ephawulekayo ibandakanya: a) I-International Food & Drink Event (IFE): Njengomcimbi omkhulu we-UK wokutya kunye nesiselo, i-IFE ibonelela ngeqonga kubathengisi ukuba badibanise nabathengisi abahamba phambili, abasasazo, abathumeli, abathengisi behlabathi jikelele befuna ukutya okutsha kunye neemveliso zesiselo. b) IVeki yeFashoni yaseLondon: Omnye weminyhadala yefashoni edumileyo kwihlabathi jikelele ebonisa abayili abaziwayo kunye neetalente ezivelayo kwihlabathi liphela. Itsala abathengi abaqaphelekayo abavela kwiivenkile zokuthengisa ezitofotofo abafuna iindlela ezintsha zoyilo. c) I-World Travel Market (WTM): Isiganeko esihamba phambili kwishishini lokuhamba apho abakhenkethi behlabathi badibana nabanikezeli abafana neehotele, iinkampani zeenqwelomoya, iibhodi zokhenketho njl. 3. I-International Sourcing Fairs: I-UK ibamba imiboniso ye-sourcing esebenza njengemihlaba yentlanganiso phakathi kwabavelisi / ababoneleli abavela phesheya kunye nabathengi base-UK / abathumeli abavela kumazwe angaphandle abafuna ukufumana iimveliso ezithile okanye izixhobo. Imizekelo ibandakanya imiboniso ye-fairtrade egxile kwimpahla ezinzileyo okanye amacandelo athile afana nelaphu okanye i-electronics. 4. Iziganeko zeNethiwekhi: Iziganeko ezahlukeneyo zothungelwano zenzeka kwizixeko ezikhulu kulo lonke elase-UK apho iingcali zokuthumela ngaphandle-ngaphandle zinokuseka unxibelelwano namaqabane anokubakho okanye abaxhasi ababandakanyekayo kwimisebenzi yokuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe. 5. ISebe lezoRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (DIT): Ukuxhasa iinkampani zaseBritane ezandisa iimarike zamazwe angaphandle, iDIT iququzelela amaphulo orhwebo kwaye iququzelele imisitho yokudibanisa ishishini. Amanyathelo anjalo abonelela ngamathuba axabisekileyo kwiinkampani zase-UK ukudibana nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuphonononga amashishini amatsha. 6. Imibutho yoRhwebo: Uthungelwano lweBritish Chambers of Commerce luquka amagumbi amaninzi engingqi aququzelela imiboniso yorhwebo, iisemina, kunye neeforam zoshishino apho abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe banokunxulumana namashishini asekuhlaleni anomdla wokuthumela ngaphandle. 7. Iiplatifti ze-e-commerce: Ukunyuka kwe-e-commerce kuguqule urhwebo lwehlabathi. Uninzi lwamaqonga e-e-commerce adumileyo ase-UK, afana neAmazon UK kunye ne-eBay UK, abonelela ngeqonga kubathengisi basekhaya ukufikelela kubathengi bamazwe aphesheya ngokulula. Ukuqukumbela, i-United Kingdom ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe kunye nemiboniso yamashishini ajonge ukubonisa iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zawo kwihlabathi liphela. Ezi zisusela kwiimarike ze-intanethi ukuya kwimiboniso yorhwebo ekhethekileyo ebonelela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Ngala maqonga, amashishini anokunxibelelana nabathengi ababalulekileyo behlabathi abafuna iimveliso ezintsha okanye ababoneleli abavela e-UK. (Qaphela: Impendulo inikezelwe ngamagama angama-595.)
EUnited Kingdom, zininzi iinjini zokukhangela ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo abantu abaxhomekeke kuzo ukuze bafumane ulwazi kunye nokukhangela iwebhu. Nazi ezinye zeenjini zokukhangela ezidumileyo e-UK kunye nee-URL zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. UGoogle (www.google.co.uk): UGoogle yeyona njini yokukhangela isetyenziswa kakhulu, hayi e-UK kuphela kodwa kwihlabathi liphela. Ibonelela ngojongano olubanzi nolusebenzisekayo lokukhangela amaphepha ewebhu, imifanekiso, iividiyo, amanqaku eendaba, nokunye okuninzi. 2. I-Bing (www.bing.com): I-Microsoft's Bing yenye injini yokukhangela esetyenziswa kakhulu e-UK. Ibonelela ngamava afanayo kuGoogle ngeempawu zayo ezizodwa ezinjengokutshintsha kwemihla ngemihla imifanekiso yangasemva. 3. Yahoo (www.yahoo.co.uk): Nangona iYahoo iphulukene nesabelo semarike kuGoogle ekuhambeni kwexesha, isasebenza njengenjini yokukhangela edumileyo e-UK kwaye inikezela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo njenge-imeyile, isiqokeleli seendaba, ulwazi lwezemali ecaleni kophendlo lwayo. izakhono. 4. I-DuckDuckGo (i-duckduckgo.com): I-DuckDuckGo iyazohlula kwezinye ii-injini zokukhangela ngokugxininisa ubumfihlo bomsebenzisi njengoko ingalandeli okanye igcine nayiphi na idatha yobuqu ngelixa ikhangela kwi-intanethi. 5. I-Ecosia (www.ecosia.org): I-Ecosia yi-eco-friendly search engine esebenzisa ingeniso yayo yentengiso ukutyala imithi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba baxhase iinzame zokutshalwa kwakhona kwamahlathi ngokusebenzisa inkonzo yabo. 6.Yandex(www.yandex.com) Yandex yinkampani ye-intanethi edumileyo yaseRashiya enikezela ngeenkonzo ezininzi ze-intanethi kuquka isixhobo esinamandla sokukhangela kwiwebhu esifana nezinye iinjini zokukhangela ezihamba phambili. Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba ngelixa ezi zezinye zeendlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukukhangela kwiiphequluli ezise-UK; abasebenzisi banokufikelela kwezinye iinjini zokukhangela ilizwe elithile okanye ezigxile kwi-niche ngokwezinto abazithandayo kunye neemfuno.

Amaphepha amakhulu atyheli

Awona maphepha atyheli aseUnited Kingdom aquka oku kulandelayo: 1. I-Yell (www.yell.com): I-Yell yenye yezona nkcukacha zidumileyo ze-intanethi e-United Kingdom. Ibonelela ngolwazi kunye neenkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano kumashishini kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo. 2. I-Thomson Local (www.thomsonlocal.com): I-Thomson Local ngomnye uvimba weefayili owaziwa kakhulu onika ulwazi kumashishini asekuhlaleni, iinkonzo, kunye neenkampani zase-UK. 3. 192.com (www.192.com): 192.com inikeza uluhlu olubanzi lwabantu, amashishini, kunye neendawo e-UK. Ikuvumela ukuba ukhangele abantu okanye iinkampani ezisebenzisa amagama okanye iindawo zabo. 4. I-Scoot (www.scoot.co.uk): I-Scoot luluhlu lweshishini lwe-intanethi oluqulethe i-database enkulu yamashishini asekuhlaleni kunye neenkonzo kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo zase-UK. 5. Incwadi yeFowuni ka-BT (www.thephonebook.bt.com): Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-BT yencwadi yeefowuni ibonelela ngenkonzo yolawulo lwe-intanethi apho unokufumana iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano zabantu kunye namashishini kulo lonke elase-United Kingdom. 6. Undwendwe lwesiXeko (www.cityvisitor.co.uk): Undwendwe lwesiXeko ngumthombo okhokelayo wokufumana ulwazi lwendawo olunje ngeendawo zokutyela, iihotele, iindawo ezinomtsalane, iivenkile, kunye neenkonzo phakathi kwezixeko zase-UK. 7. Touch Local (www.touchlocal.com): Touch Local inikeza uluhlu lweevenkile ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo ezisekelwe kwindawo yejografi ngaphakathi kwezixeko ezahlukeneyo eUnited Kingdom. Nceda uqaphele ukuba le yimizekelo nje embalwa yamaphepha atyheli afumanekayo e-UK, kwaye kusenokubakho ezinye iirejista zengingqi okanye ezikhethekileyo kwiindawo ezithile okanye kumashishini ngaphakathi elizweni ngokunjalo.

Amaqonga amakhulu orhwebo

Kukho amaqonga amakhulu e-e-commerce e-United Kingdom. Nalu uluhlu lwabathile ababalaseleyo kunye neeURL zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. Amazon UK: www.amazon.co.uk IAmazon lelinye lawona maqonga makhulu e-e-commerce kwihlabathi liphela, ebonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kunye neenkonzo. 2. eBay UK: www.ebay.co.uk I-eBay yindawo yokuthengisa ethandwayo kwi-intanethi apho abantu kunye namashishini banokuthenga kwaye bathengise izinto ezahlukeneyo. 3. ASOS: www.asos.com I-ASOS igxile kwifashoni kunye nempahla, ibonelela ngoluhlu oluninzi lweempahla, izihlangu, izixhobo, njl. 4. UJohn Lewis: www.johnlewis.com UJohn Lewis waziwa ngeemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu kuzo zonke iindidi ezahlukeneyo njengefenitshala yasekhaya, i-elektroniki, ifashoni, njl. 5. Tesco: www.tesco.com I-Tesco yenye yeevenkile eziphambili zevenkile e-UK ekwabonelela ngokhetho olubanzi lweegrosari kwi-intanethi. 6. Argos: www.argos.co.uk I-Argos isebenza njengevenkile ebonakalayo kunye nomthengisi we-intanethi obonisa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwi-electronics ukuya kwifanitshala. 7. Kakhulu: www.very.co.uk Inika kakhulu iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto zefashoni ezifikelelekayo zamadoda, abafazi, kunye nabantwana kunye ne-elektroniki kunye nempahla yasekhaya. 8. AO.com: www.AO.com Ubungcali kwizixhobo zekhaya ezinjengoomatshini bokuhlamba okanye iifriji ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo. 9.Currys PC World : www.currys.ie/ ICurrys PC World ibonelela ngezixhobo ze-elektroniki ezinjengeelaptops, iikhamera eziphathwayo iikhamera zeBluetooth njl. 10.Etsy:www.Etsy.com/uk I-Etsy isebenza njengendawo yentengiso ye-intanethi yokwenza ubugcisa obukhethekileyo bezandla, iziqwenga zakudala, kunye nezinye izinto zokuyila. Le yimizekelo nje embalwa phakathi kwamanye amaqonga e-e-commerce akhoyo e-United Kingdom abonelela ngeemfuno ezahlukeneyo kunye nomdla wabathengi.

Amaqonga amakhulu eendaba zoluntu

I-United Kingdom ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwamaqonga eendaba ezentlalo ukuba abemi bayo kunye nabahlali babandakanyeke. Nazi ezinye ezidumileyo kunye nee-URL zewebhusayithi ezihambelanayo: 1. I-Facebook: Njengenye yezona ndawo zikhulu zenethiwekhi yoluntu kwihlabathi jikelele, i-Facebook ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba baqhagamshelane, babelane ngomxholo, bajoyine amaqela, kwaye banxibelelane ngokubhaliweyo okanye ngeefowuni zevidiyo. (Iwebhusayithi: www.facebook.com) 2. Twitter: Iqonga le-microblogging apho abasebenzisi banokuthumela imiyalezo emifutshane ebizwa ngokuba ziitweets. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuhlaziyo lweendaba, ukulandela amanani oluntu okanye imibutho, kunye nokwabelana ngeengcinga okanye izimvo ngezihloko ezahlukeneyo. (Iwebhusayithi: www.twitter.com) 3. I-Instagram: Iqonga lefoto kunye nevidiyo yokwabelana ngevidiyo apho abasebenzisi banokufaka umxholo ohamba kunye nezihloko kunye neehashtag. Iyaziwa ngendalo yayo ebonakalayo kwaye inikezela ngeempawu ezinjengamabali, izihluzi, imiyalezo ethe ngqo, kunye nokhetho lokuthenga. (Iwebhusayithi: www.instagram.com) 4. I-LinkedIn: Iziko lonxibelelwano lobuchwephesha elivumela abantu ukuba benze iiprofayili ezibonisa izakhono zabo, amava omsebenzi, iinkcukacha zemfundo ngelixa benxibelelana noogxa babo kwiinkalo ezifanayo okanye behlola amathuba emisebenzi.(Iwebhusayithi: www.linkedin.com) 5. Snapchat: Le app yemiyalezo yemultimedia ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bathumele iifoto ezinyamalalayo okanye iividiyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"snaps" ngqo kubahlobo okanye bongeze njengamabali abonakala kwiiyure ezingama-24 kuphela.(Iwebhusayithi: www.snapchat.com) 6.TikTok:TikTok liqonga apho abasebenzisi banokwenza iividiyo ezimfutshane ezisetelwe kumculo ukusuka kwi-comedy skits ukuya kwimingeni yomdaniso (Iwebhusayithi: www.tiktok.com). 7.Reddit:Iwebhusayithi yengxoxo eyahlulwe yangabahlali abahlukeneyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi "subreddits." Abasebenzisi babelana ngezithuba kwizihloko ezahlukeneyo ezivumela iingxoxo ngokuphawula kwezi zithuba.(Iwebhusayithi:www.reddit.com). 8.WhatsApp:I-app yemiyalezo ebonelela ngonxibelelwano olufihliweyo olusuka ekupheleni ukuya esiphelweni oluvumela imiyalezo ebhaliweyo, ukuthumela amanqaku elizwi, kunye nokwenza iminxeba yelizwi/yevidiyo (iwebhusayithi:www.whatsapp.com). 9.Pinterest:Injini yokufumanisa ebonwayo esetyenziselwa ukufumana izimvo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezinomdla ezifana nokupheka,ifashoni,uhombiso lwasekhaya, ukomelela.Abasebenzisi bangagcina, babelane, kwaye bafumanise izimvo ezintsha ngemifanekiso kunye neevidiyo. (Iwebhusayithi: www.pinterest.com) 10.YouTube:Iqonga lokwabelana ngevidiyo apho abasebenzisi banokufaka kwaye babukele uluhlu oluninzi lwesiqulatho kubandakanya iividiyo zomculo, iivlogs, izifundo, kunye nezinye iziqulatho ezenziwe ngabasebenzisi.(Iwebhusayithi:www.youtube.com) Nceda uqaphele ukuba ubukho kunye nokuthandwa kwala maqonga eendaba zoluntu kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kukhetho lomntu kunye neendlela.

Imibutho emikhulu yoshishino

I-United Kingdom ilikhaya kwimibutho emininzi yoshishino emele amacandelo ahlukeneyo. Nantsi eminye yemibutho emikhulu yoshishino kweli lizwe, kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. I-Confederation of British Industry (CBI) - I-CBI yinkulumbuso yase-UK yombutho wamashishini, omele iinkampani ezivela kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Iwebhusayithi yabo yile: https://www.cbi.org.uk/ 2. I-Federation of Small Businesses (FSB) - i-FSB imele amashishini amancinci naphakathi, ebanika ilizwi kunye nenkxaso ukuze baphumelele kwihlabathi loshishino. Jonga iwebhusayithi yabo apha: https://www.fsb.org.uk/ 3. IBritish Chambers of Commerce (BCC) - I-BCC ibandakanya uthungelwano lwamagumbi asekuhlaleni kulo lonke elase-UK, ukuxhasa amashishini kunye nokuququzelela urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ndwendwela iwebhusayithi yabo: https://www.britishchambers.org.uk/ 4. I-Manufacturing Technologies Association (MTA) - i-MTA imele abavelisi ababandakanyekayo kubuchwephesha bokuvelisa obusekwe kubunjineli, ababonelela ngenkxaso yokusungula izinto ezintsha kunye nokukhula kweli candelo. Fumana ulwazi oluthe kratya kwiwebhusayithi yabo: https://www.mta.org.uk/ 5. Umbutho waBavelisi beeMoto kunye nabaRhwebi (SMMT) - I-SMMT isebenza njengelizwi leshishini leemoto e-UK, liphakamisa umdla walo kumanqanaba kazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe. Funda ngakumbi malunga nabo apha: https://www.smmt.co.uk/ 6. IManyano yamaFama kaZwelonke (NFU) - i-NFU imele amafama kunye nabalimi kulo lonke elaseNgilani naseWales, besebenzela ukuqinisekisa icandelo lokufama elinengeniso nelizinzileyo kule mimandla. Jonga iwebhusayithi yabo ku: https://www.nfuonline.com/ 7. I-Hospitality UK - I-HospitalityUK ijolise ekukhuthazeni amashishini obubele ngokubonelela ngezibonelelo ezifana noqeqesho, ulwazi malunga nemimiselo, isikhokelo sengqesho njl. Ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nabo ndwendwela-https://businessadvice.co.uk/advice/fundraising/everything-small-business-owners-need-to-know-about-crowdfunding/. 8.I-Creative Industries Federation- Lo mbutho uthethelela icandelo lamashishini oyilo, uphakamisa ixabiso lawo kwezoqoqosho nenkcubeko. Iwebhusayithi yabo yile: https://www.creativeindustriesfederation.com/ Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yemibutho emikhulu yoshishino e-UK. Kukho abanye abaninzi ababonelela kumacandelo athile afana netekhnoloji, imali, ukhathalelo lwezempilo, nokunye.

Iiwebhusayithi zeshishini kunye norhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zezoqoqosho kunye nezorhwebo ezinxulumene ne-United Kingdom ezibonelela ngolwazi kunye nezixhobo kumashishini nakubantu. Nazi ezinye zazo kunye neekhonkco zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-Gov.uk: Le webhusayithi esemthethweni yorhulumente wase-UK ibonelela ngolwazi olubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino, urhwebo, kunye noqoqosho elizweni. (https://www.gov.uk/) 2. ISebe loRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (DIT): I-DIT isebenzela ukukhuthaza urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye namathuba otyalo-mali kumashishini ase-UK. Iwebhusayithi yabo inikezela ngesikhokelo, izixhobo, kunye neengxelo zentengiso kumashishini ajonge ukwandisa kwihlabathi liphela. (https://www.great.gov.uk/) 3. IBritish Chambers of Commerce: IBritish Chambers of Commerce imele uthungelwano olubanzi lwamagumbi asekuhlaleni kulo lonke elase-UK, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zenkxaso kunye nokumela umdla woshishino kumanqanaba asekuhlaleni, esizwe, nakwamanye amazwe. (https://www.britishchambers.org.uk/) 4. Iziko lezoThutho kunye noRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe: Eli qumrhu lobulungu lobuchwephesha libonelela ngemfundo, iinkqubo zoqeqesho, iinkonzo zeengcebiso, kunye namathuba othungelwano anxulumene norhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kubantu okanye iinkampani ezibandakanyekayo ekuthumeleni ngaphandle okanye ekungeniseni iimpahla okanye iinkonzo ezivela/ziya e-UK. (https://www.export.org.uk/) 5. I-HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC): Njengesebe likarhulumente elijongene nokuqokelela irhafu e-UK, i-HMRC inika isikhokelo esiyimfuneko kwiinkqubo zezithethe ezifanelekileyo zokungenisa / ukuthumela ngaphandle kunye neminye imicimbi yemali. (https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/hm-revenue-customs) 6.IQela le-London Stock Exchange: I-stock exchange ehamba phambili eYurophu inekhasi layo lewebhu elizinikeleyo elinikezela ngolwazi malunga nemimiselo yoluhlu kunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezixhaswayo eziquka uncedo lobugcisa. (https://www.lseg.com/markets-products-and-services/business-services/group-business-services/london-stock-exchange/listing/taking-your-company-public/how-list-uk ). 7.UKRhwebo lweNtengiso kwi-Intanethi: Isetyenziswa yi-HM yeNgeniso & neZintlu phantsi kwegunya le-Ofisi kaNondyebo; yingqokelela entsonkothileyo yemithetho yoluhlu lwerhafu ekufuneka abarhwebi nabathumela ngaphandle balulandele xa berhweba ngempahla e-UK. (https://www.gov.uk/trade-tariff) Ezi webhusayithi zibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zokuxhasa amashishini kunye nabantu abanomdla kuqoqosho norhwebo lwe-United Kingdom.

Iiwebhusayithi zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi ezinemibuzo yorhwebo ekhoyo eUnited Kingdom. Nalu uluhlu lwabathile abadumileyo kunye neeURL zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. Ulwazi loRhwebo lwase-UK-Le webhusayithi esemthethweni yi-HM Revenue & Customs ibonelela ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe ngeenkcukacha-manani zorhwebo zase-UK, ukungenisa elizweni, ukuthumela ngaphandle, kunye nokuhlelwa kweerhafu. URL: https://www.uktradeinfo.com/ 2. I-Ofisi yeeNkcukacha-manani zeSizwe (i-ONS) - I-ONS ibonelela ngeenkcukacha-manani ezibanzi zorhwebo kubandakanywa urhwebo ngempahla kunye neenkonzo, idatha yokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokungenisa elizweni, kunye nohlalutyo lorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. URL: https://www.ons.gov.uk/businessindustryandtrade/internationaltrade 3. ISebe loRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (DIT) - I-DIT ibonelela ngezixhobo zobuntlola kwimarike kunye nokufikelela kumathuba orhwebo lwehlabathi ngokusebenzisa iqonga layo elithi "Fumana amaThuba oThunyelo ngaphandle". I-URL: https://www.great.gov.uk/ 4. UQoqosho loRhwebo - Eli qonga libonelela ngezalathisi zoqoqosho olukhulu, amazinga otshintshiselwano, izalathi zemarike yemasheya, izivuno zebhondi karhulumente, kunye nezinye iindawo ezahlukeneyo zedatha yezoqoqosho ezigubungela uqoqosho lwaseUnited Kingdom. URL: https://tradingeconomics.com/united-kingdom 5. I-World Integrated Trade Solution (i-WITS) - Uvimba weenkcukacha we-WITS ubonelela ngokufikelela kwidatha ebanzi yorhwebo lwezorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe oluvela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Abasebenzisi banokubuza umgangatho welizwe elithile okanye umgangatho wedatha yemveliso yaseUnited Kingdom. URL: https://wits.worldbank.org/ Nceda uqaphele ukuba ngelixa ezi webhusayithi zibonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kwidatha yezorhwebo yase-UK, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphonononge imithombo emininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kolwazi olunikeziweyo.

amaqonga B2b

EUnited Kingdom, kukho iiplatifti ezininzi zeB2B ezidibanisa amashishini kwaye ziququzelele ukuthengiselana kwezorhwebo. Nanga amanye amaqonga eB2B abalaseleyo e-UK kunye needilesi zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-Alibaba.com yase-UK: Njengendawo yokuthengisa ye-B2B yehlabathi, i-Alibaba.com ibonelela ngeqonga lamashishini okudibanisa, ukurhweba ngeemveliso, kunye nokufumana ababoneleli abavela kwihlabathi jikelele. (https://www.alibaba.com/) 2. I-Amazon Business UK: Ukongezwa kwe-Amazon eyenzelwe ngokukodwa amashishini, i-Amazon Business idibanisa abathengi kunye nabathengisi kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo ngokunikezela ngeempawu ezifana noku-odola ngobuninzi, amaxabiso oshishino kuphela, kunye nezaphulelo ezikhethekileyo. (https://business.amazon.co.uk/) 3. I-Thomasnet yase-UK: I-Thomasnet liqonga elikhokelayo kwishishini elidibanisa abathengi kunye nabanikezeli kumacandelo amaninzi e-United Kingdom. Ibonelela ngezakhono zokufumana imveliso kunye nezixhobo zokufumanisa umthengisi kunye nolwazi oluneenkcukacha lwenkampani. (https://www.thomasnet.com/uk/) 4. IGlobal Sources UK: IGlobal Sources yenye indawo yokuthengisa eyaziwayo kwi-intanethi ye-B2B edibanisa abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe nababoneleli abasekelwe ikakhulu e-Asia kodwa kuquka iinkampani ezisuka kweminye imimandla kwihlabathi jikelele.(https://www.globalsources.com/united-kingdom) 5. I-EWorldTrade yase-UK: I-EWorldTrade isebenza njengendawo yentengiso ye-B2B ekwi-intanethi eququzelela urhwebo phakathi kwamashishini ase-Bhritane kunye namahlakani ezizwe ngezizwe kuwo onke amashishini awohlukeneyo afana neempahla ezilukiweyo, ezombane, oomatshini, njl.njl.(https://www.eeworldtrade.uk/) 6.TradeIndiaUK TradeIndia liqonga le-intanethi elibanzi elidibanisa abathengisi/ababoneleli bamaIndiya kubarhwebi bamazwe ngamazwe/kubathengi elinokuba luncedo kumacandelo amaninzi e-United Kingdom ngokunjalo. (https://uk.tradeindia.com/) Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba olu luhlu lumele kuphela iinketho ezithile ezidumileyo phakathi kwamaqonga e-B2B amaninzi akhoyo e-United Kingdom aququzelela intengiselwano kwishishini ukuya kwishishini ngokufanelekileyo ngelixa exhasa amalinge orhwebo awela imida.
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