More

TogTok

Iimarike eziphambili
right
Ilizwe jikelele
IBolivia, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengePlurinational State of Bolivia, lilizwe elivaliweyo elikuMzantsi Melika. Ngommandla oziikhilomitha ezisisi-1,098,581, ijikelezwe yiBrazil ukuya emantla-mpuma nasempuma, iParaguay neArgentina emazantsi, iChile kumazantsi-ntshona, kunye nePeru emantla-ntshona. Ikomkhulu laseBolivia yiSucre. Imbali yaseBolivia ithatha amawaka eminyaka kunye nempucuko yabantu bomthonyama kwindawo yayo kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba iSpeyin ithinjwe. Namhlanje, inabemi abamalunga ne-11 lezigidi zabantu ababandakanya amaqela eentlanga ezahlukeneyo kubandakanywa abantu bomthonyama abangamaQuechua kunye nama-Aymara. Ijografi yeli lizwe yahlukile kwaye iquka amathafa anabela kwimimandla emikhulu kunye neentaba. Iintaba zeAndes zongamele ummandla osentshona weBolivia apho ezinye iincopho ziphakame ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-6,000 (iinyawo eziyi-19,685) ukuphakama. Ukongeza, iBolivia inobutyebi bendalo obubalulekileyo obunje ngeoyile kunye noovimba berhasi kunye nezimbiwa ezityebileyo njengetin. Xa sithetha ngokwezoqoqosho, iBolivia iye yafumana ulwando oluphawulekayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje; nangona kunjalo lihlala lilelona lizwe lihlwempuzekileyo kwiLatin America ngenxa yokungalingani kwengeniso kunye nokufikelela okulinganiselweyo kwizibonelelo kubemi abaninzi. Ulimo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseBolivia ngeemveliso ezifana neembotyi zesoya, iimbotyi zekofu, amagqabi eCoca, ukuthunyelwa kwemveliso kwezolimo elizweni. Ngaphaya koko, isizwe siyabubona ubuhle baso bendalo njengento yokutsala ukhenketho. IBolivia ineendawo ezintle zomhlaba ezifana neLake Titicaca - lelinye lawona machibi makhulu eMzantsi Melika - ecaleni kweeflethi zetyuwa ezimangalisayo njengeSalar de Uyuni, emi kumphakamo ongaphezu kweekhilomitha ezintathu (9). ft). Uluntu lwaseBolivia lutyebile ngokwenkcubeko, lubonisa izithethe ezidlamkileyo ezimiliselwe ngokunzulu kumasiko emveli. Imibhiyozo yokubhiyozela izithethe zamandulo inokubonwa kuyo yonke imimandla eyahlukeneyo yaseBoliva. iimpahla ezimibalabala, amalaphu afana neeponchos, izitya ezenziwe ngombona, kunye neengoma zesintu zaseAndean. Ngaphandle kokujongana nemiceli mngeni yezentlalo nezoqoqosho, iBolivia ime njengesizwe esikhethekileyo esinelifa lenkcubeko elahlukileyo kunye nemimangaliso yendalo eqhubeka ukubamba abakhenkethi abavela kwihlabathi liphela.
Imali yeSizwe
IBolivia, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengePlurinational State of Bolivia, inemali yayo ebizwa ngokuba yiBolivian Boliviano (BOB). I boliviano yahlulwe yaba 100 cent okanye centavos. Iimali zebhanki zangoku ezikhutshwe yiBhanki Enkulu yaseBolivia zikwii-10, 20, 50, 100 kunye ne-200 bolivianos. Inqaku ngalinye linamanani ahlukeneyo embali kunye neempawu ezibalulekileyo ezimele ilifa lenkcubeko etyebileyo yaseBolivia. Ngokuphathelele iingqekembe, ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiintengiselwano ezincinci. Kukho iingqekembe ezifumanekayo kwiimvaba zeesenti okanye kwiisenti ezisuka kwi-10 ukuya kwi-50 yeesenti. Uqoqosho lwaseBolivia luxhomekeke kakhulu kubutyebi bendalo obufana nezimbiwa kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwerhasi. Ixabiso le-boliviano liyaguquguquka ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezifana neemeko zoqoqosho lwasekhaya kunye nemikhosi yemarike yehlabathi echaphazela ezi zixhobo. Iinkonzo zotshintshiselwano lwamazwe angaphandle zifumaneka ngokubanzi kulo lonke elaseBolivia kubakhenkethi abanqwenela ukuguqula imali yabo ibe yi-bolivianos okanye ngokuchaseneyo. Kubalulekile ukuthelekisa iireyithi zotshintshiselwano kubaboneleli abahlukeneyo kuba zinokwahluka kancinci. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iBolivia iye yafumana uzinzo olunxulumene nemali yayo nangona kukho ukuguquguquka okubangelwa zizinto zangaphandle ezinje ngotshintsho kumaxabiso eemveliso zamazwe ngamazwe. Urhulumente uphumeze imigaqo-nkqubo yezemali ukugcina imeko yezemali ekhuselekileyo kunye nokulawula ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngokufanelekileyo. Kuhlala kucebiseka ukuba abakhenkethi abandwendwela iBolivia babe nemali yalapha ekhaya kwiindleko zemihla ngemihla njengokutya, ukuthutha, kunye nokuthenga okuncinci kuba ingengawo onke amaziko amkela amakhadi etyala okanye iimali zamanye amazwe. Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukugcina iliso kumatyala omgunyathi xa ujongana neentengiselwano zemali. Lilonke, ngelixa undwendwela iBolivia okanye ukuzibandakanya noqoqosho lwayo njengabakhenkethi okanye usomashishini, ukuqonda imeko yemali yelizwe kuya kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuthengiselana kwemali okugudileyo kweli lizwe laseMzantsi Melika.
Imali yokutshintsha
Ithenda esemthethweni eBolivia yiBolivian Boliviano (BOB). Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amaxabiso aqikelelweyo otshintshiselwano lweBolivian Boliviano (BOB) ngokuchasene neemali ezinkulu zehlabathi ami ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1 BOB = 0.14 USD 1 BOB = 0,12 EUR 1 BOB = 10,75 INR 1 BOB = 11,38 JPY Nceda uqaphele ukuba la maxabiso otshintshiselwano axhomekeke ekuguquguqukeni kwaye anokwahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Iiholide ezibalulekileyo
IBolivia, ilizwe elivaliweyo laseMzantsi Melika, libhiyozela iiholide ezininzi ezibalulekileyo unyaka wonke. Le mibhiyozo ibonisa iyantlukwano yenkcubeko yesizwe kunye nokubaluleka kwembali. Nazi ezinye zeeholide ezibalulekileyo zaseBolivia: 1. Usuku lweNkululeko (ngoAgasti 6): Lubhiyozelwa kwilizwe lonke, uSuku lweNkululeko luphawula inkululeko yeBolivia kulawulo lobukoloniyali baseSpeyin ngowe-1825. Olu suku luzaliswe yimingcelele yasesitratweni, umculo nemidaniso. 2. ICarnaval de Oruro: Ibanjelwa kwisixeko saseOruro rhoqo ngoFebruwari okanye ngoMatshi, le carnival ngomnye weyona mibhiyozo idumileyo eBolivia. Idibanisa amasiko emveli kunye nezithethe zamaKhatholika kwaye ibonakalisa iimpahla ezidlamkileyo, imidaniso yabantu abafana noLa Diablada kunye noTinku, kunye nemingcelele eneenkcukacha. 3. El Gran Poder: Lo mnyhadala ubanjelwa eLa Paz rhoqo ngoMeyi okanye ngoJuni ukuhlonipha uYesu del Gran Poder (uYesu waMandla amakhulu). Amawakawaka abadanisi abanxibe iimpahla ezimibalabala aba nenxaxheba kwimiboniso emikhulu yasesitratweni ehamba namaqela omculo wesintu. 4. Usuku Lolwandle (ngoMatshi 23): Le holide ikhumbuza ukulahlekelwa kweBolivia ngummandla oselunxwemeni lwaseChile ebudeni beMfazwe yasePasifiki (1879-1884). Imisitho ibandakanya imiboniso yenkcubeko kunye nemisitho eqaqambisa umnqweno oqhubekayo weBolivia wokufikelela elwandle. 5. I-Todos Santos: Ibhiyozelwa ngoNovemba 1st nowe-2 minyaka le, le holide ibalulekile ekubekeni imbeko kwizalamane ezingasekhoyo kulo lonke elaseBolivia. Iintsapho zityelela amangcwaba ukuze zicoce amangcwaba, zinike ukutya nezipho kwimimoya ngelixa zithandazela ukuphumla okungunaphakade kwabo babathandayo. 6.USuku lweFlegi yeWhipala: Ibhiyozelwa nge-31 kaJulayi ngonyaka ukususela ngo-2010 xa yayivunywa ngokusemthethweni njengosuku lwesizwe; iyaqaphela iWhipala-uphawu olumele iinkcubeko zemveli kumazwe ahlukeneyo aseMzantsi Melika-ebonisa ilifa leenkcubeko ezininzi zaseBolivia. Le minyhadala inika ulwazi kwimbali yaseBolivia, inkcubeko, kunye nesazisi ngelixa inika abantu balapha kunye neendwendwe ithuba lokuzintyintya kwizithethe ezidlamkileyo zesi sizwe sahlukeneyo.
Imeko yoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle
IBolivia lilizwe elivaliweyo elikuMzantsi Merika, kumda weBrazil, iParaguay, iArgentina, iChile kunye nePeru. Inoqoqosho oluxubeneyo oluphawulwa ngobutyebi bayo bendalo obutyebileyo obufana nezimbiwa, igesi yendalo, kunye neemveliso zolimo. Ngokuphathelele kurhwebo, iBolivia ibigxile ikakhulu ekuthumeleni iimpahla zayo kumazwe angaphandle. Irhasi yendalo yenye yezona zinto zithunyelwa ngaphandle kweli lizwe. Inovimba obalulekileyo kwaye iyithumela kumazwe angabamelwane njengeBrazil neArgentina ngemibhobho. Ezinye izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezibalulekileyo ziquka iiminerali ezifana ne-zinc, i-tin, isilivere, kunye nelothe. Olunye ucelomngeni kurhwebo lwaseBolivia kukunqongophala kwezixhobo zothutho ngenxa yokuvalelwa komhlaba. Oku kuthintela ukufikelela kumazibuko olwandle anokonyusa iindleko zothutho lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle. Ukongezelela, ukungazinzi kwezobupolitika nezidubedube zasekuhlaleni nazo ziye zayichaphazela imeko-bume yezorhwebo yeli lizwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ukuze kuhlulwe iipotfoliyo zabo zokuthumela ngaphandle, iBolivia ibikhuthaza amanye amacandelo afana nezolimo. Iimveliso ezifana neembotyi zesoya, iquinoa (ukutya okuziinkozo okunesondlo), iimbotyi zekofu, iimveliso zommoba nazo zithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle. Icandelo lezolimo livula amathuba engqesho kubantu abaninzi baseBolivia abahlala emaphandleni. I-Bolivia ikwabandakanyeka kwizivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe amabini kunye namazwe ahlukeneyo aquka iPeru kunye neKholombiya ngaphakathi kwesakhelo se-Andean Community of Nations (CAN). Ezi zivumelwano zijolise ekukhuthazeni ukudityaniswa koqoqosho lwengingqi ngokunciphisa imiqobo kurhwebo phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu. Ngaphaya koko, iBolivia yinxalenye yeMercosur (iMarike Eqhelekileyo yaseMazantsi) kunye namanye amazwe aseMzantsi Melika afana neBrazil neArgentina evumela ukufikelela okukhethekileyo kwiimarike ezithile phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu. Lilonke, iBolivia isaqhubeka nokujongana nemiceli mngeni malunga nokwahlulahlula uqoqosho ngaphaya kwemveliso.
Uphuhliso lweMakethi olunokubakho
IBolivia, esembindini woMzantsi Melika, inamandla amakhulu okuphuhlisa imarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Ngobutyebi bemithombo yendalo kunye nendawo ecwangcisiweyo yejografi, iBolivia inamathuba abalulekileyo okuphucula ubukho bayo kwindawo yentengiso yehlabathi. Okokuqala, iBolivia ineedipozithi ezininzi zezimbiwa kubandakanya isilivere, i-tin kunye nobhedu phakathi kwabanye. Ezi zibonelelo zixabisekileyo zibonelela ngesiseko esomeleleyo kushishino lwelizwe lokuthumela ngaphandle. Ukongeza, iBolivia yenye yabona bavelisi abakhulu bezinto ezikrwada ezifana neembotyi zesoya kunye nequinoa. Imfuno yezi mveliso iyaqhubeka ukukhula kwihlabathi jikelele ngenxa yexabiso lezondlo kunye nokuqhelana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya. Oku kuzisa ithuba elihle kumafama aseBolivia nakumashishini ezolimo ukuba andise imarike yawo yokuthumela ngaphandle. Okwesibini, izibonelelo zejografi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwemalike yorhwebo lwangaphandle eBolivia. Amazwe avaliweyo ahlala esokola ngeendleko zothutho; nangona kunjalo, iBolivia idityaniswe kakuhle ngothungelwano lweendlela ezinkulu ezidibanisa namazwe angabamelwane anjengeBrazil, Argentina, kunye neChile. Ukongeza, kuba iBolivia yabelana ngemida kunye namazwe amaninzi eMzantsi Melika kubandakanya iPeru kunye neParaguay; inokusebenza njengendawo ebalulekileyo yokuhamba edibanisa imimandla eyahlukeneyo ngokwenza lula urhwebo olunqumla imida. Ngaphaya koko, iinzame zokudityaniswa kommandla ezifana nesivumelwano esandula ukusekwa seMarike eDityanisiweyo yaseMazantsi (MERCOSUR) iphakamisa ngakumbi ithemba leBolivia kwiimarike zorhwebo zangaphandle ngokukhuthaza intsebenziswano nezizwe ezingabamelwane kwimiba enxulumene nentsebenziswano yezoqoqosho. Nangona kunjalo ukuthembisa la mathuba kusenokuba kukuxhasa uphuhliso lwemarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseBolivia kukho imingeni ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Omnye ummandla ofuna ingqwalasela luphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo oluya kuba negalelo elibonakalayo ekuthotyweni kweendleko zothutho kwakunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kolungiselelo kwimida yoMzantsi Melika. Ukuqukumbela, iBolivia ibonakalisa amandla amakhulu malunga nokuphuhlisa imakethi yorhwebo lwangaphandle ngenxa yemithombo yayo eyahlukeneyo yendalo, uqhagamshelo olomeleleyo lwengingqi, kunye neenzame eziqhubekayo zokudityaniswa. vula indlela yokwanda kwempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle, ukukhula kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuqinisa isikhundla seBolivia kwimarike yehlabathi.
Iimveliso ezishushu ezithengiswayo kwimarike
Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni iimveliso ezithengiswayo ezishushu kwimarike yangaphandle yaseBolivia, kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. IBolivia yaziwa ngamathuba ayo entengiso ahlukeneyo, kwaye ukuqonda izinto ezikhethwayo kunye neemfuno zasekhaya kubalulekile ekukhetheni imveliso eyimpumelelo. Okokuqala, abantu baseBolivia baxabisa iimveliso zendalo kunye nezendalo ezihambelana nenkcubeko kunye nezithethe zabo. Ke ngoko, iimveliso zolimo ezifana nequinoa, iimbotyi zekofu, iimbotyi zekoko, kunye neziqhamo ezahlukahlukeneyo zinokuthathwa njengezinto ezinokuthengiswa zishushu. Ezi mveliso kufuneka zithathwe kwimithombo ezinzileyo enezatifikethi ezifanelekileyo. Ukongeza, iBolivia inomzi-mveliso oqinileyo welaphu ngenxa yobutyebi belifa lenkcubeko. Izinto zempahla ezenziwe ekuhlaleni ezifana neempahla zesintu, iimpahla zoboya be-alpaca, iingubo, kunye nemisebenzi yezandla zithandwa phakathi kwabahlali kunye nabakhenkethi. Ukwandisa eli candelo ngokunikezela ngoyilo olulodwa okanye ukusebenzisana namagcisa asekuhlaleni kunokukhokelela kumathuba okuthengisa ashushu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimveliso ezinobuhlobo kwi-eco-friendly ziye zafumana ukutsaleka okubalulekileyo eBolivia ngenxa yokukhula kokuqonda kokusingqongileyo. Izinto ezifana ne-biodegradable packaging materials, iimpahla zasekhaya eziphinda zisetyenziswe (umzekelo, izixhobo ze-bamboo), kunye nezixhobo ezisebenza ngamandla elanga zinokufumana imarike esele ilungile kweli lizwe. Ngapha koko, abantu baseBolivia baye babonakalisa umdla okhulayo kwimpilo nakwizinto ezinxulumene nempilo entle ezifana namayeza esintu okanye iimveliso zobuhle bendalo ezenziwe ngamayeza emveli okanye izityalo ezifumaneka kwizityalo ezininzi zelo lizwe. Okokugqibela kodwa okubalulekileyo, izixhobo ezifana nezacholo ezenziwe ngezandla usebenzisa izinto zemveli (umzekelo, isilivere) zibonisa kakuhle kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe. Ukukhetha ngokufanelekileyo izinto ezithengiswayo ezishushu kwimarike yangaphandle yaseBolivia: 1. Uphando: Funda iintsingiselo zabathengi ngopapasho lwasekuhlaleni okanye amaqonga e-intanethi ajolise kubathengi baseBolivia. 2. Uvakalelo lweNkcubeko: Qonda iinqobo ezisemgangathweni kunye nezithethe zabo ngelixa ucinga ngezinto ezifumaneka ekuhlaleni okanye ezenziweyo. 3. UQinisekiso loMgangatho: Qinisekisa ukuba ubonelela ngeemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe ngelixa uhlonipha izenzo zorhwebo ezinobulungisa. 4 Uvavanyo lweMarike :Yenza uvavanyo oluncinci ngaphambi kokuba uqalise imveliso / ukusasazwa okukhulu. 5 Intsebenziswano: Sebenzisana nabavelisi basekhaya okanye ababoneleli ukuze ungene kuthungelwano olukhoyo kwaye ufumane ulwazi ngemarike. 6 Intengiso . Tyala imali kwizicwangciso zentengiso ezisebenzayo eziqaqambisa uzinzo lwemveliso, ukubaluleka kwenkcubeko, izibonelelo zempilo, njl. Ngophando olucokisekileyo, ukuqwalaselwa kwezinto ezikhethwa yingingqi, kunye nokugxila kumgangatho kunye nozinzo, uya kuba nakho ukukhetha iimveliso ezithengiswayo ezishushu ezihambelana nabathengi baseBolivia ngelixa zinegalelo eliqinisekileyo kuqoqosho lwabo nakuluntu.
Iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboo
IBolivia, ilizwe elivaliweyo elikuMzantsi Merika, linabemi abahlukeneyo abaneempawu ezikhethekileyo zabathengi kunye nezithethe zenkcubeko. Xa kuziwa kwiimpawu zabathengi eBolivia, abantu baziwa ngobubele babo obufudumeleyo kunye nobuhlobo kubantu basemzini. Baluxabisa unxibelelwano lobuqu kunye nokwakha ubudlelwane nabathengi. Abathengi baseBolivia bayayixabisa inkonzo yomntu ngamnye kunye nokuhoya iimfuno zabo. Bathanda ukubeka phambili intsebenziswano yabantu ngaphezu kweenkqubo ezizenzekelayo. Ngapha koko, abathengi baseBolivia bahlala bexhomekeke kwiingcebiso zelizwi xa besenza izigqibo zokuthenga. Ukwakha ukuthembana ngokuthumela umntu ngamnye kubalulekile kule marike. Ixabiso yinto ebalulekileyo kubathengi baseBolivia, njengoko uninzi lungabizi kakhulu ngenxa yamanqanaba asezantsi engeniso. Ukuqhubela phambili kwi-taboos yenkcubeko kunye novelwano, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele imiba ethile ngelixa unxibelelana nabathengi baseBolivia: 1. Indawo yobuqu: Abantu baseBolivia bathanda ukuba kufutshane ngokwasemzimbeni xa bencokola xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkcubeko - ukungena kwindawo yabo yobuqu kunokubenza bangakhululeki okanye bazive bengahlonelwa. 2. Izithethe zokubulisa: Ukuxhawulana ngesandla kulisiko xa udibana nomntu omtsha okanye njengomqondiso wentlonelo ngoxa ubulisa abantu abasele bemfumene—kuphephe ukusebenzisa izimbo zomzimba eziqhelekileyo ngokugqithiseleyo ngaphandle kokwakha ulwalamano olomeleleyo kuqala. 3.Ulwimi: IsiSpanish lulwimi olusemthethweni eBolivia; nangona kunjalo, kukwakho iilwimi zesintu ezithethwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nesiQuechua okanye isiAymara. Ukubonelela ngenkxaso yeelwimi ezininzi kunokuba luncedo ekubandakanyekeni ngcono kwabathengi. 4.Ukugcina ixesha: Nangona ukugcina ixesha kusenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zeshishini ngokuqhelekileyo olulindelekileyo ukukhawulezisa kuthetha ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi—ukufika emva kwexesha kunokubonwa njengokungahloniphiyo okanye ukungabi nabuchule kubathengi baseBolivia. 5.Ubuntununtunu kwinkcubeko: Ayibalulekanga kuphela eBolivia kodwa ibalulekile nakwihlabathi jikelele; ukuqonda izithethe zasekuhlaleni kunye nezithethe zinceda ekugcineni unxibelelwano olunentlonipho-kuphephe ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezinobuzaza njengezopolitiko okanye inkolo ngaphandle kokuba ziqalwe ngumthengi ngokwakhe. Ngokuvuma ezi mpawu zabathengi kunye nokunqanda izithethe zenkcubeko, amashishini anokuseka ubudlelwane obuyimpumelelo kunye nabathengi baseBolivia kwaye abonelele ngenkonzo ekhethekileyo ehlangabezana neemfuno zabo.
Inkqubo yolawulo lweCustoms
IBolivia, ilizwe elivaliweyo kuMzantsi Merika, inenkqubo elawulwa kakuhle yokungenisa impahla kunye nabantu abawela imida yayo. Nanga amanye amanqaku aphambili malunga nenkqubo yolawulo lwezithethe zaseBolivia kunye nezinto ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni: 1. IziPhathimandla zeCustoms: I-Bolivian National Customs (ANB) inoxanduva lokulawula kunye nokulawula imisebenzi yempahla kwilizwe lonke. Baqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. 2. Iinkqubo zokuThumela kumazwe angaphandle/zokuThunyela ngaphandle: Xa ungena okanye uphuma eBolivia, abantu ngabanye kufuneka bachaze naziphi na izinto abaziphetheyo ezidlula ubungakanani bokusetyenziswa komntu okanye imida yemali. Impahla inokuba phantsi kwerhafu, irhafu, okanye ukuvalwa komsebenzi ngokuxhomekeke kudidi lwazo. 3. Izinto eziThintelweyo nezithintelweyo: Izinto ezithile zithintelwe ngokungqongqo ukuba zingeniswe ngaphakathi/zithunyelwe ngaphandle/zisuka eBolivia. Oku kubandakanya ii-narcotics, imipu, iimpahla zomgunyathi, izinto zakudala zenkcubeko ezingenamaxwebhu afanelekileyo, njl njl. Ngokunjalo, kukho izithintelo ekuthengiseni kumazwe angaphandle imithombo ethile yendalo efana negolide. 4. IiMfuno zoXwebhu: Abahambi bafanele baphathe izazisi eziyimfuneko ezifana neencwadana zokundwendwela ngoxa benqumla imida eBolivia. Amaxwebhu okungenisa/athumela ngaphandle afana ne-invoyisi okanye iirisithi nawo anokufuneka kwimpahla ethile. 5. Imithetho yemali: Kukho imiqathango kwisixa semali umntu anokuyingenisa okanye ayikhuphe eBolivia ngaphandle kokuyichaza kumagunya alawula izinto ezingena kweli lizwe. 6.Ukusebenzisa iiChaneli zeZibhengezo: Kukho amajelo ahlukeneyo kwi-Bolivian Customs ukwenzela abakhweli ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni banento yokubhengeza ("itshaneli ebomvu") okanye hayi ("itshaneli eluhlaza"). Kubalulekile ukukhetha ijelo elifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zakho. 7. Izibonelelo zabahambi: Abatyeleli bafanele baziqhelanise nezibonelelo ezinikezelwa yiBolivian Customs zokungeniswa ngaphandle kwerhafu njengemveliso yecuba, iziselo ezinxilisayo; ukugqitha kwezi zibonelelo kungakhokelela kwiintlawulo ezongezelelweyo. 8.Ukugcinwa kweerisithi: Kubalulekile ukugcina zonke iirisithi ezifanelekileyo ngexesha lokuhlala kwakho eBolivia njengobungqina bokuthenga/ukungenisa elizweni; oku kuya kunceda ukuphuma kwakho okugudileyo ngexesha lokuhamba kwiindawo zokujonga izinto ukuba kuyimfuneko. 9. Uhambo lweCross Border Travels: Ngaphambi kokuya eBolivia, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphande kwaye uhlale unolwazi malunga nemimiselo yamva nje yamasiko njengoko inokutshintsha amaxesha ngamaxesha. Iindawo ezininzi zokuwela imida eBolivia zisenokuba nezazo iinkqubo okanye iimfuno ezikhethekileyo. 10. Funa iNgcebiso yobuGcisa: Ukuba unenkxalabo ethile malunga nemithetho yezithethe eBolivia, ukubonisana nengcali efana negqwetha lorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe okanye i-customer broker inokubonelela ngesikhokelo esixabiseke kakhulu sokuququzelela ukuwela imida okungasokoliyo. Khumbula, ukuthobela inkqubo yolawulo lwamasiko kunye nokwazi imigaqo kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa amava agudileyo xa ungena okanye uphuma eBolivia ngelixa uphepha izohlwayo ezinokubakho okanye ukulibaziseka.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu
Umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yokungenisa elizweni yaseBolivia ngumba obalulekileyo wenkqubo yezoqoqosho yelizwe. Urhulumente ubeka irhafu yokungenisa elizweni ukuze alawule kwaye alawule ukuhamba kwempahla eBolivia, ngenjongo yokukhusela amashishini asekhaya kunye nokwenza ingeniso. Amaxabiso erhafu yokungenisa elizweni eBolivia ayahluka ngokuxhomekeke kudidi lwemveliso. Uninzi lweempahla ezivela kumazwe angaphandle zixhomekeke kwixabiso lerhafu elisusela kwi-5% ukuya kwi-15%. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izinto zinokuba namaxabiso aphezulu erhafu. Ukongeza, iimpahla ezithile zikhululwe kwirhafu yokungenisa elizweni ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuquka imathiriyeli ethile ekrwada, oomatshini kunye nezixhobo zamacandelo afana nezolimo, imigodi, imveliso yamandla, kunye nobuchwephesha bolwazi. Olu kukhululwa lujolise ekukhuthazeni utyalo-mali kumacandelo acwangcisiweyo anegalelo kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwaseBolivia. Ngaphaya koko, iBolivia iphumeze inkqubo yoluhlu lwamaxabiso eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Andean Community (CAN) Common External Tariff (CET). Le nkqubo isebenzisa amaxabiso athotyiweyo kwimpahla esuka kwamanye amazwe angamalungu e-CAN afana neColombia, i-Ecuador, nePeru. I-CET ikhuthaza urhwebo phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu ngokuququzelela iindleko ezisezantsi zokungenisa iimpahla ngaphakathi kwesi sigqeba sommandla. Kukwabalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iBolivia inezivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe amabini kunye namazwe aliqela kwihlabathi liphela ezichaphazela ngakumbi imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu yokungenisa elizweni. Ezi zivumelwano zinokubonelela ngonyango olukhethekileyo okanye ukucutha irhafu kwiimveliso ezithile ezisuka kumazwe angamaqabane. I-Bolivia iyaqhubeka nokuvavanya kwaye ilungelelanise imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu yokungenisa elizweni ngamaxesha athile ukuphendula kwiimeko zoqoqosho eziguqukayo ngaphakathi nakwihlabathi jikelele. Ngelixa la manyathelo ajolise ekukhuseleni amashishini asekhaya kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwesizwe ngokukhuthaza amacandelo ekujoliswe kuwo afana nezolimo okanye ukuvelisa: anokuba nefuthe kukhetho lwabathengi ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso okubangelwa yirhafu ephezulu kwizinto ezithengwa kumazwe angaphandle.
Iipolisi zerhafu ezithumela ngaphandle
IBolivia, ilizwe elivaliweyo kuMzantsi Merika, inemigaqo eyahlukahlukeneyo yerhafu kwimpahla ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ilizwe ligxile ekukhuthazeni ubutyebi balo bendalo kunye neemveliso zolimo ngokurhafiswa kwamanye amazwe. E-Bolivia, umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle uxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemveliso. Urhulumente ujonge ukuxhasa imizi-mveliso yasekhaya ngelixa ekhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle. Kwimpahla yezolimo, njengeembotyi zesoya, ikofu, iquinoa, neemveliso zeswekile, iBolivia imisela irhafu ephantsi ngokwentelekiso yerhafu ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo ujonge ukukhulisa urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngezi mveliso ngokugcina amaxabiso azo ekhuphisana kurhwebo lwehlabathi. Kwelinye icala, ubutyebi bezimbiwa budlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseBolivia. Ke ngoko, izimbiwa ezithile ezifana ne-lithium ziphantsi kweerhafu eziphezulu zokuthumela ngaphandle. IBolivia yaziwa ngokuba neyona ndawo inkulu yokugcina i-lithium kwihlabathi jikelele; kungoko ijolise ekukhuthazeni ukusetyenzwa kwexabiso lokongezwa kwexabiso lasekhaya kulo vimba endaweni yokuthumela ngaphandle ikrwada. Ukufezekisa le njongo kunye nokudala amathuba engqesho amaninzi ngaphakathi kwemida yelizwe, irhafu ephezulu ibekwe kwi-lithium eluhlaza ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Ngaphezu koko, ukulinganisa imigaqo-nkqubo yabo yezemali, iBolivia ikwabeka iirhafu ezithile zokuthumela ngaphandle kwirhasi yendalo ethunyelwa ngaphandle ngenxa yobutyebi bayo berhasi eninzi.Imali efunyenwe kwezi rhafu inceda ngemali iinkqubo zentlalo kunye neeprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso ngaphakathi kwemida yaseBolivia ezinegalelo kuphuhliso loqoqosho. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu yaseBolivia inokwahluka ekuhambeni kwexesha ngokuxhomekeke kutshintsho kwizinto eziphambili kwezopolitiko okanye ukutshintsha iimeko zoqoqosho. I-Mercosur-Comunidad Andina de Naciones(iMarike eQhelekileyo yaseMazantsi-uLuntu lwase-Andean). Lilonke, imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle yaseBolivia ifuna ulungelelwaniso phakathi kokuxhasa amashishini asekhaya ngelixa iqinisekisa ukwenziwa kwengeniso ngerhafu. Kwiimveliso zezolimo, ukukhuthaza ukhuphiswano ngelixa izibonelelo zezimbiwa ezicwangcisiweyo, kuhlanganiswa amashishini okulungisa ngakumbi ekhaya. imithombo esemthethweni karhulumente okanye imibutho yorhwebo efanelekileyo enoxanduva lokuqokelela ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu yaseBolivia.
Iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle
IBolivia, ilizwe elivaliweyo elikuMzantsi Melika, inoluhlu olwahlukeneyo lokuthumela ngaphandle kwaye ifuna izatifikethi ezahlukeneyo zokuthumela ngaphandle ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokuthotyelwa kweemveliso zayo. Enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle eBolivia yigesi yendalo. Njengomnye wabavelisi abakhulu behlabathi, iBolivia kufuneka ifumane izatifikethi zokuthumela ngaphandle ezifana ne-ISO 9001:2015 yeenkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho kunye ne-ISO 14001:2015 yeenkqubo zolawulo lokusingqongileyo. Ezi ziqinisekiso zibonisa ukuzinikela kweBolivia ekuveliseni nasekuthumeleni ngaphandle igesi yendalo ngendlela ezinzileyo. Enye into ebalulekileyo ethunyelwa ngaphandle evela eBolivia zizimbiwa, ngakumbi isilivere, itin, kunye nezinc. Ukuqinisekisa ezi zimbiwa zithunyelwa ngaphandle, iBolivia ilandela imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe efana nesiqinisekiso seLondon Bullion Market Association (LBMA) sesilivere. Esi satifikethi siqinisekisa ukuba isilivere yaseBolivia ihlangabezana nemigangatho yehlabathi ngokobunyulu kunye nomgangatho. Ishishini lamalaphu nalo linendima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseBolivia. Iimveliso ezifana neempahla zoboya be-alpaca zifuna iziqinisekiso ezikhethekileyo zokuqinisekisa ubunyani bazo kunye nezenzo ezisesikweni zokukhangela. Izatifikethi ezifana noRhwebo oluLungileyo okanye uMgangatho weMilaphu ye-Organic (i-GOTS) zibalulekile kubathengisi bempahla bempahla baseBolivia babonisa ukuba iimveliso zabo ziveliswa ngokuzinzileyo ngelixa beqinisekisa imivuzo efanelekileyo kunye neemeko zokusebenza zamagcisa asekuhlaleni. Ngaphaya koko, ezolimo zinegalelo elikhulu kwintengiso yaseBolivia. Iimbotyi zekofu zaseBolivia ziye zafumana ukuqatshelwa kwamanye amazwe; ke ngoko ukufumana izatifikethi ezifana neRainforest Alliance okanye i-UTZ Certified kubalulekile. Ezi zatifikethi ziqinisekisa ukuba ikofu yaseBolivia ikhuliswe kusetyenziswa iindlela zokusingqongileyo ngokuhlonipha amalungelo abasebenzi. Ukuqukumbela, iBolivia idinga izatifikethi zokuthumela ngaphandle ezahlukeneyo kuwo wonke amashishini kubandakanya imveliso yerhasi yendalo, icandelo lezemigodi (elifana nesatifikethi se-LBMA), ukwenziwa kwamalaphu (uRhwebo oluFair okanye iGOTS), kunye neemveliso zolimo (iRainforest Alliance okanye i-UTZ Certified). Ezi zatifikethi zinceda ukomeleza ukuthembana phakathi kwabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ngelixa bebonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yehlabathi yoqinisekiso lomgangatho kunye nezenzo zozinzo.
Ulungiselelo lolungiselelo olucetyiswayo
IBolivia lilizwe elivalelwe kumbindi woMzantsi Merika. Ngaphandle kwemida yejografi, iBolivia iphuhlise ishishini lolungiselelo elomeleleyo ukuququzelela ukuhanjiswa kwempahla ngaphakathi kwemida yayo kunye nakwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe. Xa kuziwa kwezothutho, iBolivia ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zeenkonzo zolungiselelo. Uthutho ezindleleni yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo nesetyenziswa ngokubanzi phakathi kwelizwe. IBolivia inothungelwano olubanzi lweendlela ezidibanisa izixeko ezikhulu needolophu, nto leyo evumela ukuhamba kakuhle kwempahla ngeelori okanye ezinye iimoto. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, izibuko zaseBolivia kwiLake Titicaca kunye neParaguay-Parana Waterway zibonelela ngokufikelela kwiimarike zehlabathi ngokuthuthwa komlambo. La mazibuko ngamasango abalulekileyo okuthumela okanye ukungenisa iimpahla ezivela kumazwe angabamelwane afana neBrazil, Argentina, Peru, Chile, kunye neParaguay. Ukongeza kuthutho lwendlela kunye nomlambo, iBolivia inezikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezineendawo zempahla kwizixeko ezikhulu ezinjengeLa Paz, iSanta Cruz de la Sierra, iCochabamba, iSucre, neTarija. Iinkonzo zothutho ngeenqwelo moya zilungele ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngexesha okanye iindlela zokurhweba ezimgama omde namanye amazwekazi. Urhulumente waseBolivia uyakuqonda ukubaluleka kokuphuhlisa icandelo lolungiselelo olusebenzayo ukwandisa ukukhuphisana kwezorhwebo. Iqalise iiprojekthi zeziseko ezingundoqo ukuphucula uqhagamshelwano ngokwandisa iindlela nokuphucula amazibuko kwilizwe liphela. Kwiinkampani ezifuna iinkonzo zolungiselelo eBolivia, kukho ababoneleli abaninzi abathembekileyo abakhoyo. Ezinye iinkampani eziphawulekayo ziquka i-DHL Express Bolivia esebenza ngokukhethekileyo kuthutho lomoya kwihlabathi liphela; I-Bolivian Logistics Solutions (BLS) ibonelela ngezisombululo ezibanzi zolungiselelo kuquka nokukhutshwa kwezithethe; IQela leTranslogistica libonelela ngezisombululo zezothutho ezininzi; kunye neCargo Maersk Line ejongene neemfuno zeenqanawa zaselwandle. Ukuqinisekisa inkqubo yobonelelo olugudileyo kwimisebenzi yolungiselelo lwaseBolivia okanye naziphi na iinzame zolungiselelo ngokufanayo kumazwe ngamazwe amaxwebhu afanelekileyo aquka ii-invoyisi/uluhlu lokupakisha/amatyala omthwalo/amatyala ohambo lomoya kufuneka alungiswe ngokukhawuleza: ukuthobela imimiselo yesiko ukuthintela ukulibaziseka kubalulekile kunye nokukhetha amaqabane athembekileyo. ekhankanywe ngasentla eqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwenqanawa ngaphandle komthungo. Ukuqukumbela, ushishino lwezothutho lwaseBolivia lubonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho, uthutho lwendlela iyeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kweli lizwe kunye namazibuko eLake Titicaca kunye neParaguay-Parana Waterway eququzelela urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Iinkonzo zothutho ngenqwelomoya zikwafumaneka nakwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezinkulu. Ngaphaya koko, iiprojekthi zeziseko ezingundoqo zijolise ekuphuculeni uqhagamshelo kunye nempumelelo kwimisebenzi yolungiselelo. Ababoneleli benkqubo abathembekileyo abafana ne-DHL Express Bolivia, iBolivian Logistics Solutions (BLS), iTranslogistica Group, kunye neCargo Maersk Line zibonelela ngezisombululo ezibanzi kwiinkampani ezifuna iinkonzo zolungiselelo eBolivia.
Imijelo yophuhliso lwabathengi

Imiboniso yorhwebo ebalulekileyo

IBolivia, njengelizwe elivaliweyo kuMzantsi Melika, ineendlela ezibalulekileyo zokuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe kunye nemiboniso yorhwebo yophuhliso lwayo loqoqosho. 1. Imijelo yokuThenga yeHlabathi: a) I-Chamber yaseBolivia yabathengisi bangaphandle (CADEX): Lo mbutho ukhuthaza amathuba okuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweemveliso zaseBolivia kwaye udibanisa amashishini asekhaya kunye nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. I-CADEX ithatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso yorhwebo eyahlukeneyo kunye nemisitho yoshishino ukubonisa iimveliso zelizwe. b) I-Altiplano Development Corporation (CORDEPA): I-CORDEPA iququzelela utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kwaye ixhasa ukuthunyelwa kweemveliso zaseBolivia kumazwe angaphandle ngokubonelela ngobukrelekrele bemalike, ngokuqhuba imisitho yokuhambelana neshishini, kunye nokulungiselela amaphulo oshishino. c) IOfisi yozakuzo kunye neeOfisi zoRhwebo: IBolivia iseke iofisi yozakuzo kunye neeofisi zorhwebo kumazwe aliqela ukuxhasa urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ezi ngxelo zezozakuzo zinceda amashishini ekuchongeni abo banokuba ngabaniki-nkonzo okanye abathengi baphesheya. 2. IMiboniso yoRhwebo: a) Expocruz: Expocruz ngowona mboniso mkhulu eBolivia obanjwa minyaka le eSanta Cruz de la Sierra. Ibonisa amashishini ahlukeneyo afana nezolimo, ukuvelisa, iteknoloji, iinkonzo, njl., ukutsala amawaka ababonisi abavela kwihlabathi jikelele. b) FIT – UMboniso woKhenketho waMazwe ngaMazwe: Lo mboniso ugxile ekukhuthazeni ishishini lokhenketho laseBolivia ngokudibanisa abakhenkethi belizwe nabamazwe ngamazwe, ii-arhente zokhenketho, iihotele, iinkampani zeenqwelo-moya, phakathi kwezinye. c) I-EXPO ALADI: Iququzelelwe yi-Latin American Integration Association (ALADI), lo mboniso ujolise ekukhuthazeni urhwebo phakathi kwengingqi phakathi kwamazwe aseLatin America. Ibonelela ngeqonga lamathuba othungelwano kunye nokubonisa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ezivela kumazwe angamalungu. d) EXPOCRUZ Chiquitania: Njengolwandiso lweExpocruz ebanjelwe eSanta Cruz de la Sierra ngokwengingqi igxile kwiimveliso zezolimo ezifana neembotyi zesoya okanye ukulima kweenkomo. Ezi ndlela zokuthenga zivumela iinkampani zehlabathi ezinomdla wokufumana okanye kutyalo-mali ukuba zijonge amacandelo ahlukeneyo afana nezolimo (iimbotyi zekofu, ikoko, amandongomane), imigodi (itin, isilivere, i-zinc, igolide), amalaphu (uboya be-alpaca, uboya belama, umqhaphu), phakathi abanye. Imithombo yendalo yaseBolivia kunye neemveliso ezizodwa ziyenza ibe yindawo enomtsalane kubathengi bamanye amazwe abafuna iimpahla ezisemgangathweni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amajelo athile okuthengwa kwempahla kunye nemiboniso yorhwebo inokwahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane nemithombo ehlaziyiweyo efana nemibutho yorhwebo esemthethweni okanye ii-arhente zikarhulumente ukufumana olona lwazi luchanekileyo ngamathuba akhoyo ngoku eBolivia.
EBolivia, zininzi iinjini zokukhangela ezisetyenziswa ngabantu ukufumana ulwazi kwi-intanethi. Nazi ezinye zazo kunye needilesi zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. UGoogle (www.google.com.bo): Njengeyona njini yokukhangela idumileyo kwihlabathi liphela, uGoogle usetyenziswa kakhulu naseBolivia. Abasebenzisi banokufumana uluhlu olubanzi lolwazi besebenzisa i-algorithms yokukhangela enamandla. 2. I-Yahoo (www.yahoo.com): I-Yahoo yenye injini yokukhangela esetyenziswa rhoqo eBolivia. Inikezela ngeempawu ezahlukeneyo njengeendaba, iinkonzo ze-imeyile, kunye nomxholo owenziwe ngumntu ngokusekwe kwizinto ezikhethwa ngumsebenzisi. 3. I-Bing (www.bing.com): I-Bing ye-Microsoft ikwalukhetho oludumileyo kubasebenzisi be-intanethi baseBolivia xa besenza uphando kwiwebhu. Ibonelela ngeendlela zokukhangela ezibonwayo kunye neziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezisekelwe kwisicatshulwa. 4. I-DuckDuckGo (i-duckduckgo.com): Iyaziwa ngendlela yayo yabucala, i-DuckDuckGo ifumana ukuthandwa kwihlabathi jikelele kuquka ne-Bolivia ngenxa yokuzinikela kwayo ekulandeleni idatha yabasebenzisi ngelixa inika iziphumo ezithembekileyo. 5. Yandex (yandex.ru): Nangona eyona njini yokukhangela eseRashiya esekwe kwisiRashiya, iYandex inoguqulelo lwamazwe ngamazwe olunika iziphumo zalapha nakwielwimi ezingaziwayo ezifana nesiQuechua nesiAymara ezithethwa ngabemi bomthonyama eBolivia. 6. I-Ecosia (www.ecosia.org): I-Ecosia ibalasele phakathi kolunye ukhetho njengoko inika uninzi lwengeniso yayo kutyalo lwemithi kwihlabathi jikelele ngelixa ibonelela ngamava okukhangela alungele ukusingqongileyo kubasebenzisi baseBolivia. 7. I-Baidu (www.baidu.com) : Ngelixa igxile e-China, i-Baidu ikwabonelela ngezakhono ezilinganiselweyo zokuphendla kwiwebhu ngeSpanish iyenza ibeluncedo kubantu baseBolivia abafuna umxholo onxulumene namaTshayina okanye amashishini asebenza kumazwe ngamazwe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuthandwa kwezi njini zokukhangela kunokwahluka phakathi kwabantu kunye nemimandla engaphakathi kweBolivia ngokuxhomekeke kukhetho lomntu kunye nokufumaneka kweenkonzo kwiindawo ezithile.

Amaphepha amakhulu atyheli

EBolivia, amaxwebhu aphambili ephepha elityheli anokukunceda ufumane amashishini kunye neenkonzo ezahlukeneyo. Nazi ezinye zezalathisi eziphambili zephepha elityheli eBolivia kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. I-Páginas Amarillas (Amaphepha aMthubi eBolivia): Le yenye yezona nkcukacha zikhokelayo zephepha elityheli eBolivia elibonelela ngolwazi loqhagamshelwano kunye noluhlu lwamashishini kuzo zonke iindidi ngeendidi. Ungafikelela kwiwebhusayithi yabo apha: www.paginasamarillas.com.bo 2. IGuía Telefónica de Bolivia: IGuía Telefónica de Bolivia lolunye uvimba weefayili odumileyo onika uluhlu lwemfonomfono, uludwe lwamashishini, kunye nezibhengezo zentengiso. Ungandwendwela iwebhusayithi yabo ku: www.guialocal.com.bo 3. IBolivianYellow.com: IBolivianYellow.com luluhlu lwe-intanethi olunikezela ngoluhlu lwamashishini kwiindidi ezininzi ezifana neehotele, iindawo zokutyela, oomatshini, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi yabo ifumaneka ku: www.bolivianyellow.com 4. Directorio Empresarial de Santa Cruz (Uluhlu lweShishini lwaseSanta Cruz): Olu luhlu lujolise ngokukodwa kumashishini aseSanta Cruz, esinye sezona zixeko zikhulu eBolivia. Ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweenkampani ezisebenza kumacandelo ahlukeneyo kwingingqi yesebe laseSanta Cruz. Iwebhusayithi yolu lawulo ithi: www.directorio-empresarial-bolivia.info/Santa-Cruz-de-la-Sierra.html 5. Directorio Comercial Cochabamba (Cochabamba Commercial Directory): Olu luhlu lwe-intanethi lubonelela amashishini akwisixeko saseCochabamba kunye neendawo ezingqongileyo kumbindi wesebe lengingqi yeCochabamba yeBolivia. Ikhonkco lewebhusayithi yabo yile: www.directoriocomercialbolivia.info/directorio-comercial-cochabamba.html Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezi webhusayithi zinokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqinisekise ukuchaneka kwazo phambi kokusetyenziswa. Ngokubhekiselele kolu luhlu lwezalathiso ziphambili zephepha elityheli, unokufumana lula ulwazi olufanelekileyo loqhagamshelwano lwamashishini asebenza kumacandelo awohlukeneyo kulo lonke elaseBolivia.

Amaqonga amakhulu orhwebo

IBolivia, ilizwe elivaliweyo kuMzantsi Merika, ibone ukukhula okubonakalayo kumzi mveliso we-e-commerce kule minyaka yakutshanje. Nanga amanye amaqonga amakhulu e-e-commerce eBolivia: 1. I-Mercado Libre (www.mercadolibre.com.bo): I-Mercado Libre yenye yezona qonga zidumileyo ze-e-commerce hayi eBolivia kuphela kodwa nakwiLatin America yonke. Inika uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso, kubandakanya i-electronics, impahla, izixhobo zasekhaya, kunye nokunye. 2. ILinio (www.linio.com.bo): ILinio yenye indawo yentengiso ye-intanethi ebalaseleyo esebenza eBolivia. Ibonelela ngeendidi zeemveliso ezivela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo afana nefashoni, i-elektroniki, iimveliso zobuhle, kunye nempahla yasekhaya. 3. I-TodoCelular (www.todocelular.com): Njengoko igama layo libonisa (i-Todo Celular ithetha "Yonke into eSelula" ngesiNgesi), eli qonga ligxile kakhulu ekuthengiseni iifowuni eziphathwayo kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumeneyo ezifana neetshaja kunye neekesi. 4. I-DeRemate (www.deremate.com.bo): I-DeRemate yiwebhusayithi yefandesi ye-intanethi apho abantu banokubhida kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwizinto zombane ukuya kwizithuthi. 5. I-Tumomo (www.tumomo.com): I-Tumomo igxile kakhulu kwiintengiso ezihleliweyo zokuthenga nokuthengisa iimpahla ezahlukeneyo njengezithuthi, iipropati zezindlu, izinto zendlu, kunye nokunye. 6. Cuponatic (www.cuponatic.com.bo): ICuponatic isebenza njengewebhusayithi yemihla ngemihla enikezela ngexabiso levawutsha ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neendawo zokutyela, iispa, imisebenzi yolonwabo kubathengi abahlala okanye abandwendwela eBolivia. 7. I-Goplaceit (bo.goplaceit.com): I-Goplaceit isebenza njengeqonga loluhlu lwepropathi ye-intanethi apho abasebenzisi banokukhangela iipropati ezirentisayo okanye izindlu ezithengiswayo kwiidolophu ezahlukeneyo zaseBolivia. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ukufumaneka kunye nokuthandwa kwala maqonga kunokwahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko abadlali abatsha bangena kwimarike ngelixa abanye basenokungabinamsebenzi kangako ngenxa yokutshintsha izinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi okanye amandla emarike.

Amaqonga amakhulu eendaba zoluntu

IBolivia, ilizwe elivaliweyo eMzantsi Melika, ineqela lamaqonga eendaba ezentlalo adumileyo. Nanga amanye awona maqonga eendaba ezentlalo asetyenziswa kakhulu eBolivia kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. I-Facebook - i-Facebook yenye yezona ndawo ziphambili zonxibelelwano kwihlabathi jikelele. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba baqhagamshelane nabahlobo kunye nosapho, babelane ngeefoto kunye neevidiyo, kwaye bajoyine amaqela anomdla ahlukeneyo. Iwebhusayithi kaFacebook yi https://www.facebook.com. 2. I-WhatsApp - i-WhatsApp liqonga lokuthumela imiyalezo elivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bathumele imiyalezo, imiyalezo yelizwi, imifanekiso, iividiyo, kunye nokwenza iifowuni zelizwi okanye zevidiyo nge-intanethi. Iyafumaneka njenge-app yeselula kwaye inoguqulelo lwewebhu. Ndwendwela https://www.whatsapp.com ngolwazi olungakumbi. 3. Instagram - Instagram yifoto kunye neqonga lokwabelana ngevidiyo apho abasebenzisi banokulayisha imifanekiso kunye neevidiyo ezimfutshane ngelixa besongeza izihluzi okanye izixhobo zokuhlela ukuziphucula. Abasebenzisi banokulandela ezinye iiakhawunti ukuze babone izithuba zabo kumgca wexesha labo. Jonga ngakumbi ku-https://www.instagram.com. 4. I-Twitter - i-Twitter ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bathumele imiyalezo emifutshane ebizwa ngokuba yi-tweets enokubandakanya umbhalo, imifanekiso, okanye amakhonkco ukuya kuthi ga kwi-280 oonobumba ubude (ukususela ngoJulayi 2021). Ivumela abantu ukuba balandele iiakhawunti zabanye kwaye bahlale behlaziywa ngeendaba okanye iintsingiselo ezenzeka kwihlabathi lonke ngexesha lokwenyani ngee-hashtag (#). Iwebhusayithi ye-Twitter ngu-https://twitter.com. 5. I-LinkedIn - i-LinkedIn isetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala iinjongo zothungelwano lobuchwephesha apho abantu benza iiprofayili eziqaqambisa amava omsebenzi kunye nezakhono zabo ngelixa benxibelelana nabalingane babo abavela kumashishini ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela kunye nabasenokuba ngabaqeshi okanye amaqabane oshishino ngaphakathi kweBolivia okanye kwihlabathi liphela. Yenza iprofayile yakho ku https://www.linkedin.com. 6. I-TikTok-iTikTok inika abasebenzisi ithuba lokudala umxholo omfutshane wokuyila onjengemingeni yomdaniso, ukuvumelanisa imilebe yemidlalo, imidlalo ye-comedic skits kunye nokwabelana ngazo kuluntu lwayo ngokusebenzisa iiklip zesandi ezibizwa ngokuba "zandi." Fumana ngakumbi ku- https://www.tiktok.com/en/. I-7.Xing- Xing liqonga leendaba zoluntu eligxile ikakhulu ekudibaniseni iingcali. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kummandla othetha isiJamani waseYurophu kwaye iye yafumana ukuthandwa eBolivia. I-Xing inikezela ngeempawu ezifana ne-LinkedIn, evumela abasebenzisi ukuba benze iiprofayili zobuchwephesha kunye nokunxibelelana nabanye kwishishini labo. Ndwendwela https://www.xing.com ngolwazi olungakumbi. Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yamaqonga eendaba ezentlalo asetyenziswa kakhulu eBolivia, anxibelelanisa abantu ekuhlaleni nakwihlabathi liphela kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezinomdla, ubugcisa kunye neenjongo.

Imibutho emikhulu yoshishino

IBolivia, ilizwe elivaliweyo elikuMzantsi Melika, inemibutho emininzi yoshishino emele amacandelo ahlukeneyo. Nantsi eminye yemibutho ephambili yoshishino eBolivia kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. I-National Chamber of Commerce (CNC): I-CNC imele icandelo labucala kwaye ikhuthaza uphuhliso loqoqosho eBolivia. umthombo: www.cnc.bo 2. I-Federation of Private Entrepreneurs (FEP): I-FEP ngumbutho ogxile ekukhuthazeni ushishino nokuxhasa ukukhula kwamashishini amancinci naphakathi (SMEs). Iwebhusayithi: www.fepbol.org 3. I-Bolivian Chamber of Industries (CBI): I-CBI imele iinkampani zoshishino kumacandelo ahlukeneyo afana nemveliso, imigodi, amandla kunye nezolimo. umthombo: www.cni.org.bo 4. IQumrhu leSizwe labaThumeli bangaphandle (CANEB): I-CANEB ixhasa kwaye ikhuthaza amashishini ajolise ekuthengiseni ngaphandle eBolivia ukuphucula urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi: ayifumaneki. 5. I-Bolivian-American Chamber of Commerce (AMCHAM Bolivia): I-AMCHAM IBolivia ijolise ekukhuthazeni ubudlelwane borhwebo phakathi kweBolivia neUnited States ngokubonelela ngamathuba othungelwano kumashishini asuka kumazwe omabini. iwebhusayithi: www.amchambolivia.com.bo 6. Umbutho weSizwe weeNjineli zeMetallurgical Metallurgical (ANMPE): I-ANMPE imele iingcali ezisebenza kwicandelo lezemigodi ezikhuthaza izenzo ezizinzileyo zemigodi eBolivia. Iwebhusayithi: ayifumaneki. 7. IBolivian Association of Hotels and Tourism Companies (ABHOTUR): ABHOTUR igxile ekuxhaseni amashishini anxulumene nokhenketho ngokuphakamisa uphuhliso lokhenketho ngaphakathi kweBolivia. iwebhusayithi: abhotur.org/index.php/en/ 8 .iBolivian Association of Real Estate Companies(ACBBOL):ACBBOL inoxanduva lokumanyanisa zonke iinkampani ezithengisa izindlu nomhlaba ukuba negalelo kwiiprojekthi zocwangciso lwasezidolophini ngokunikezela ngenkxaso ngokuchasene nobuqhophololo. iwebhusayithi: www.acbbol.com Nceda uqaphele ukuba eminye imibutho ayinayo iwebhusayithi okanye iwebhusayithi yabo inokungafumaneki okwethutyana okanye kube nzima ukufikelela kuyo.

Iiwebhusayithi zeshishini kunye norhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zezoqoqosho nezorhwebo eBolivia ezibonelela ngolwazi ngemisebenzi yezoqoqosho yelizwe, amathuba otyalo-mali, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo: 1. Iziko loRhwebo lwaNgaphandle laseBolivia (Instituto Boliviano de Comercio Exterior) - Le webhusayithi inikezelwe ekukhuthazeni ukuthengisa ngaphandle kweBolivia kunye nokutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle. Ibonelela ngolwazi kumacandelo ahlukeneyo oqoqosho, amanani-manani okuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, imigaqo yoshishino, kunye nenkuthazo yotyalo-mali. umthombo: https://www.ibce.org.bo/ 2. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezoQoqosho kunye neMali yoLuntu (i-Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas Públicas) - Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yesebe inika ulwazi malunga nemeko yoqoqosho lwaseBolivia ngokubanzi, imigaqo-nkqubo yemali, ulwabiwo lohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, izicwangciso zophuhliso kunye neeprojekthi zotyalo-mali. umthombo: http://www.economiayfinanzas.gob.bo/ 3. IBhanki Enkulu yaseBolivia (i-Banco Central de Bolivia) - Le webhusayithi ibonelela ngedatha ebanzi malunga nezicwangciso-nkqubo zomgaqo-mali, amazinga otshintshiselwano, amazinga enzala, iingxelo zokunyuka kwamaxabiso, imimiselo yebhanki kunye nezalathi zezoqoqosho ezifana namazinga okukhula kwe-GDP. umthombo: https://www.bcb.gob.bo/ 4. UMphathiswa woTyalo-mali (i-Ministerio de Planificación del Desarrollo) - Iwebhusayithi yenkonzo igxile ekunikeni ulwazi kubatyali-mali abanokubakho abafuna ukuhlola amathuba eBolivia. Ibandakanya iinkcukacha kumacandelo acwangcisiweyo kutyalo-mali kunye nemithetho kunye neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo. umthombo: http://www.inversiones.gob.bo/ 5. I-Bolivian Stock Exchange (i-Bolsa Boliviana de Valores) - Le webhusayithi ifaka uhlaziyo lweendaba ezinxulumene ne-stock market trends e-Bolivia kunye nomthamo wokurhweba kunye namaxabiso ezabelo zeenkampani ezidwelisiweyo. umthombo: https://www.bbv.com.bo/ 6. I-Chamber of Industry Commerce Services & Tourism Santa Cruz (Cámara de Industria Comercio Servicios y Turismo Santa Cruz) - Njengomnye wemimandla esebenzayo kakhulu kwezoqoqosho eBolivia (efumaneka eSanta Cruz), iwebhusayithi yeli gumbi inikezela ngengqiqo kumathuba oshishino lwasekhaya, iziganeko, kunye neendaba zoqoqosho. umthombo: https://www.cainco.org.bo/ Qaphela: Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba ubukho kunye nokusebenza kwezi webhusayithi kunokwahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iiwebhusayithi zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zemibuzo yorhwebo ekhoyo eBolivia. Nantsi imizekelo embalwa ene-URL yewebhusayithi ehambelanayo: 1. I-Bolivian Institute of Foreign Trade (IBCE): Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-IBCE ibonelela ngeenkcukacha-manani zorhwebo, ulwazi lwemarike, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezinxulumeneyo. umthombo: http://www.ibce.org.bo/ 2. Iziko loRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (ITC) - Imephu yoRhwebo: Imephu yoRhwebo ye-ITC ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafikelele kwiinkcukacha manani zorhwebo zamazwe amabini, izalathisi zokufikelela kwimarike, kunye neenkcukacha ezinokubakho zokuthumela ngaphandle eBolivia. umthombo: https://www.trademap.org/ 3. Izisombululo zeWorld Integrated Trade Solutions (WITS): I-WITS ibonelela ngedatha yorhwebo ebanzi equka izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, iirhafu, nokunye okuvela kwimithombo emininzi yaseBolivia. Iwebhusayithi: https://wits.worldbank.org/wits/wits/witshome.aspx 4. Uvimba weDatha weComtrade weZizwe eziManyeneyo: Uvimba weenkcukacha we-UN Comtrade nguvimba weenkcukacha-manani zorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ezisemthethweni ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo kubandakanywa neBolivia. umthombo: https://comtrade.un.org/ 5. I-Observatory of Economic Complexity (OEC): I-OEC ibonelela ngokubonwa kunye nohlalutyo lwezalathisi zoqoqosho kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kumazwe afana neBolivia. Iwebhusayithi: https://oec.world/en/profile/country/bol Ezi webhusayithi zinokunika ukuqonda kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yemisebenzi yorhwebo yamazwe ngamazwe yaseBolivia efana nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle, ukungenisa elizweni, amahlakani orhwebo, ukonakaliswa kweemveliso, nokunye.

amaqonga B2b

IBolivia lilizwe elivaliweyo kuMzantsi Merika. Ngaphandle kwemiceli mngeni yayo yejografi, iBolivia inamaqonga amaninzi eB2B aququzelela utshintshiselwano lweshishini kunye nonxibelelwano ngaphakathi elizweni. Nanga amanye amaqonga eB2B abalulekileyo eBolivia kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. I-Bolivian Chamber of Commerce and Services (Cámara Nacional de Comercio y Servicios - CNC): I-CNC ngomnye weyona mibutho yoshishino ibalulekileyo eBolivia, ekhuthaza urhwebo kunye neenkonzo ngaphakathi elizweni. Iwebhusayithi yabo ibonelela ngeqonga lonxibelelwano lwe-B2B kwaye inokufumaneka apha https://www.cnc.bo/. 2. I-Mercado Libre Bolivia: I-Mercado Libre yindawo ehamba phambili ye-e-commerce eLatin America, kuquka neBolivia. Ivumela abantu kunye namashishini ukuba bathenge kwaye bathengise iimveliso kwi-Intanethi. Icandelo labo le-B2B libonelela ngamathuba okuba amashishini aqhagamshelane nababoneleli, abathengisi bevenkile, kunye nabasasazi ngaphakathi kweli lizwe: https://www.mercadolibre.com.bo/ 3. I-Exportadores de Santa Cruz (Abathumela ngaphandle kwe-Santa Cruz): Eli qonga ligxile ekukhuthazeni ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-Santa Cruz de la Sierra, enye yeendawo eziphambili zezoqoqosho eBolivia. Iwebhusayithi ibonelela ngolwazi kubathengisi balapha ngaphandle kumashishini ahlukeneyo afana nezolimo, ukuvelisa, amalaphu, kunye nokunye: http://exportadoresdesantacruz.com/ 4.Grandes Empresas de Computacion (GECOM): I-GECOM igxile ekudibaniseni amashishini asebenza kwicandelo lobuchwepheshe bolwazi ngaphakathi kweBolivia. Isebenza njengesixhobo esinexabiso kubo bobabini abathengi kunye nabathengisi abafuna ukuseka ubudlelwane be-B2B ezinxulumene neekhompyuter, uphuhliso lwesoftware, iinkonzo zokucebisa nge-IT, njl.: http://gecom.net/ 5.Bajo Aranceles Magazine (Tariff Magazine): Nangona kungekhona ngokungqongqo iqonga leB2B lemveli nganye; IMagazini yoMrhumo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuququzeleleni iingxoxo ezinxulumene norhwebo phakathi kweenkampani ezisebenza ngaphakathi kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngokubonelela ngemibono kwimimiselo yerhafu kunye nokudala amathuba othungelwano kumaqela anomdla: https://www.magazineba.com/ La maqonga e-B2B eBolivia abonelela ngesango lokuba amashishini aqhagamshelane, aseke intsebenziswano, kwaye ajonge iimarike ezintsha ngaphakathi elizweni. Kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba undwendwele iiwebhusayithi zabo ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe ngqo ngeenkonzo ezibonelelwayo kunye nendlela yokunxibelelana namaqabane oshishino anokubakho.
//