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Iimarike eziphambili
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Ilizwe jikelele
IGrisi, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhliki yaseHellenic, lilizwe elikuMazantsi eYurophu elikumazantsi mpuma encam yeBalkan Peninsula. Inabemi abamalunga ne-10.4 yezigidi zabantu kwaye ithatha indawo ejikeleze i-131,957 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha. IGrisi idume ngembali yayo etyebileyo nefuthe elikhulu kwimpucuko yaseNtshona. Ithathwa ngokubanzi njengendawo yokuzalwa yedemokhrasi, ifilosofi, uncwadi kunye nedrama. Ilizwe linelifa lemveli elibalulekileyo lakudala elineendawo ezinemiqondiso efana neAcropolis yaseAthene ebonisa ukubaluleka kwayo ngokwembali. Ijikelezwe ziilwandle ezintathu: uLwandle lweAegean ngasempuma, uLwandle lwe-Ionian ngasentshona, noLwandle lweMeditera ngasemazantsi. IGrisi ineendawo ezintle zomhlaba ezibandakanya iilwandle ezintle ezinamanzi acwengileyo, iintaba ezinkulu ezinjengeNtaba yeOlympus - ezaziwa kwiintsomi njengekhaya loothixo- kunye neziqithi ezintle ezinjengeSantorini kunye neMykonos. Inkcubeko yamaGrike isekelwe ngokunzulu kwizithethe kodwa ikwaquka impembelelo yale mihla. Abantu balapho bangabantu abanobubele abaluxabisayo umanyano lwentsapho nokubuk’ iindwendwe. Ukutya kwamaGrike kunika izitya ezimnandi ezifana ne-moussaka kunye ne-souvlaki ezaziwa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukhenketho ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseGrisi ngenxa yobuhle bayo bendalo kunye nembali enomtsalane. Iindwendwe zihlala zithontelana ukuya eAthene ngeempawu zomhlaba ezinje ngeParthenon okanye zijonge iziqithi ezidumileyo njengeKrete okanye iRhodes. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iGrisi ijongene nemingeni yezoqoqosho ekhokelela kumanyathelo okunciphisa abekwe ngababolekisi bamazwe ngamazwe emva kokufumana ubunzima bezemali ukususela ngo-2009; nangona kunjalo, ihlala izama ukuvuselela uqoqosho lwayo ngohlaziyo. IGrisi yazimanya neNATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) ngo-1952 yaza yaba yinxalenye yeManyano yaseYurophu (EU) ngo-1981 isomeleza ngakumbi ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe ngelixa ilandela intsebenziswano yozinzo lwengingqi namazwe angabamelwane. Lilonke, iGrisi ibalasele ngembali yayo enika umdla, imbonakalo-mhlaba emangalisayo, inkcubeko edlamkileyo kodwa yabelana ngeminqweno yangoku yozinzo loqoqosho ngelixa ihleli iyindawo enomtsalane kubakhenkethi kwihlabathi liphela.
Imali yeSizwe
IGrisi, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhliki yaseHellenic, ililungu leManyano yaseYurophu ukususela ngo-1981. Imali esetyenziswa eGrisi yi-Euro (€), eyamkelwa ngo-2002 kunye namanye amazwe angamalungu e-EU. Phambi kokuba yamkele i-Euro, iGrisi yayinemali yayo yelizwe ebizwa ngokuba yi- Greek drachma (₯). Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu zoqoqosho nezopolitiko, iGrisi yagqiba ekubeni itshintshele ekusebenziseni imali eqhelekileyo ye-Euro kwiintengiselwano zayo zemali. Ukusukela ngoko, onke amaxabiso eempahla kunye neenkonzo eGrisi acatshulwe kwii-Euro. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iGrisi iyamkele ngokupheleleyo kwaye idibanise kwisakhelo somgaqo-mali we-Eurozone. Oku kuthetha ukuba izigqibo malunga nenzala kunye nonikezelo lwemali ziphathwa yi-European Central Bank (ECB) kunokuba zilawulwe kuphela yibhanki ephakathi yaseGrisi. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Euro njengemali eqhelekileyo kuye kwazisa zombini inzuzo kunye nemingeni eGrisi. Kwelinye icala, yenza kube lula urhwebo phakathi kweYurophu kuba akukho mfuneko yokuguqulwa rhoqo kwemali xa kuqhutywa ishishini namanye amazwe angamalungu e-EU. Ukongeza, ukhenketho ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseGreece kwaye ukuba nemali eyaziwayo ngokubanzi yamazwe ngamazwe njenge-Euro yenza lula uthengiselwano lweendwendwe ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ikwabonisa imingeni ngexesha lokungazinzi kwezoqoqosho okanye iingxaki zemali. Ukusukela ekujoyineni i-Eurozone, iGrisi yajongana nobunzima obukhulu bezoqoqosho obukhokelela kwingxaki yetyala elaziwayo eliqala malunga no-2010. Ilizwe liye lafumana amazinga aphezulu okunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nentswela-ngqesho ngeli lixa lizama ukuhlawula imali-mboleko efunyenwe kumaziko ehlabathi. Ngokubanzi, namhlanje umntu unokusebenzisa i-Euro ngokukhululekileyo ngaphakathi kweGrisi xa uthenga okanye uqhuba nayiphi na intengiselwano yezemali. Iibhanki zibonelela ngeenkonzo ezinjengokutshintsha iimali zamazwe angaphandle kwii-Euro okanye ukutsalwa kwemali kwii-ATM zisebenzisa amakhadi etyala okanye ebhanki ayamkelwa kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukuqukumbela, ukusukela oko kwamkelwa i-Euro njengemali yayo esemthethweni ngo-2002; AmaGrike athengise idrachma yawo yelizwe yangaphambili nge-euro ehambelana ngokupheleleyo nemigaqo-nkqubo yemali ye-European Union ebekwe yi-ECB.
Imali yokutshintsha
Imali yaseGrisi esemthethweni yi-Euro (€). Malunga namaxabiso otshintshiselwano lweemali ezinkulu, nanga amanani aqikelelweyo (ukusukela ngoSeptemba 2021): - 1 Euro (€) iphantse ilingane ne-1.18 yeedola zase-US (USD). - I-Euro eyi-1 (€) iphantse ilingane ne-0.85 ye-British Pounds (GBP). - 1 Euro (€) iphantse ilingane ne-130 Yen yaseJapan (JPY). - 1 Euro(€) iphantse ilingane ne-1.50 yeedola zase-Australia (AUD). - Nceda uqaphele ukuba iireyithi zotshintshiselwano ziyaguquguquka rhoqo kwaye zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana neemeko zemarike kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba ukhangele kwimithombo ethembekileyo okanye amaziko emali malunga namaxabiso ahlaziyiweyo ngaphambi kokwenza nayiphi na intengiselwano.
Iiholide ezibalulekileyo
IGrisi, ilizwe elityebileyo kwimbali kunye nezithethe, libhiyozela iiholide ezininzi ezibalulekileyo unyaka wonke. Nazi ezinye zemibhiyozo ebalulekileyo yaseGrisi: 1. USuku lweNkululeko yamaGrike (ngoMatshi 25): Le holide yelizwe isikhumbuzo sokuzabalazela kweGrisi ukuzimela geqe kuBukhosi baseOttoman ngowe-1821. Olu suku luphawulwa ngemingcelele, imisitho yokuphakanyiswa kwendwe nemidaniso yesintu. 2. I-Ista (imihla eyahlukahlukeneyo): I-Ista ngowona mbhiyozo ubalulekileyo wenkolo nenkcubeko eGrisi. Ngokuqhelekileyo iwela ngomhla owahlukileyo kune-Easter yaseNtshona ngenxa yomahluko phakathi kwekhalenda kaGregory kunye neJulian. AmaGrike aya kwiinkonzo zecawa, abandakanyeka kwimiboniso yomlilo ebizwa ngokuba yi "lambades," yonwabela ukutya kwentsapho, kwaye athathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezidumileyo ezikhanyisa ikhandlela ezibizwa ngokuba yi "Anastasi." 3. Usuku luka-Ohi (ngowe-28 kaOktobha): Ekwaziwa ngokuba “luSuku lweSizwe lwamaGrike,” le holide ikhumbuza ukwala kweGrisi ukunikezela eItali ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II ngowe-1940. iintetho zokuthand' izwe. 4. IDormition yeNtombi Enyulu enguMariya (ngoAgasti 15th): Eyaziwa ngokuba “yiMini Yokunyuselwa kweNkosi,” lo mthendeleko wonqulo ubhiyozela ukunyukela kukaMariya ezulwini emva kokufa kwakhe ngokweenkolelo zobuOthodoki bamaGrike. Abantu abaninzi baya kwiinkonzo zecawa ezilandelwa kukutya okumnandi kunye neembutho zentsapho. 5. Ixesha le-Apokri okanye leCarnival: Eli xesha lemibhiyozo lidla ngokuba ngoFebruwari okanye ekuqaleni kukaMatshi ngaphambi kokuba iLente iqalise kubuKristu bobuOthodoki. AmaGrike anxiba iimpahla ezinxibileyo, ajoyina imiboniso emikhulu yesitrato eneendawo ezidadayo ezimibalabala kunye nomculo wesintu ngelixa bezizonwabisa ngokutya okunje ngepastries yecarnival ebizwa ngokuba yi "Lagana" okanye izibiliboco zenyama njengesouvlaki. I-6.May Day (May 1st) : Usuku lukaMeyi lubhiyozelwa kulo lonke elaseGrisi kunye nemiboniso eququzelelwe yimibutho eyahlukeneyo yabasebenzi kunye nemibutho yezopolitiko ethethelela amalungelo abasebenzi kunye neendibano zentlalo ezifana neepiknikhi okanye iminyhadala yangaphandle enemidlalo yomculo ephilayo. Ezi holide zinika ulwazi malunga nobuzwe baseGrisi, ilifa lenkcubeko kunye neenkolelo zonqulo. Zibalulekile ekukhuthazeni umanyano, ekulondolozeni izithethe nasekubhiyozeleni izinto eziye zaphunyezwa sisizwe kwixa elidluleyo.
Imeko yoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle
IGrisi lilizwe elikumzantsi-mpuma weYurophu elaziwa ngembali yalo etyebileyo kunye nenkcubeko. Ngokumalunga nemeko yorhwebo, iGrisi inezo zombini izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nezithumela ngaphandle ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwayo. Izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle: IGrisi ithembele kakhulu kwizinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zabemi bayo kunye namashishini. Ezona mveliso ziphuma kweli lizwe zibandakanya oomatshini, iimoto, i-oyile ekrwada, iikhemikhali, izixhobo zombane, kunye namayeza. Ezi mpahla zithathwa ikakhulu kumazwe anjengeJamani, i-Itali, iTshayina, iRussia, iFrance, neNetherlands. Umthamo ophezulu wokungenisa elizweni ubonisa ukuthembela kweGrisi kwiimveliso zangaphandle ukuxhasa iimfuno zayo zangaphakathi. Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle: IGrisi ithumela ngaphandle iintlobo ngeentlobo zeempahla ezinegalelo kuqoqosho lwayo. Izinto ezithengiswayo kumazwe angaphandle zibandakanya ukutya okucutshungulweyo (okufana ne-oyile yomnquma), iimveliso zepetroleum, iimveliso ze-aluminiyam, amalaphu/impahla yempahla (efana nempahla), iiplastiki/impahla yerabha (kubandakanywa nokupakishwa kweplastiki), iziqhamo/imifuno (njengeorenji neetumato), kunye iziselo ezifana newayini. Awona maqabane athumela ngaphandle eGreece yi-Italiya yaseTurkey eJamani eSipro iUnited States Bulgaria Egypt United Kingdom Iraq Lebanon Saudi Arabia Romania China Libya Serbia Serbia Netherlands Russian Federation France Belgium Israel Albania Poland Ostriya Czech Republic United Arab Emirates Canada India Slovakia Tunisia Qatar Lith uania Brazil Malaysia Georgia Japan South Africa Jordan Kuwait Sweden L iebtenstein Krist not e t Hosp i tal . Ezi mpahla zithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle zinceda ukwenza ingeniso eGrisi ngelixa ikhuthaza ubudlelwane borhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ibhalansi yoRhwebo: Ibhalansi yorhwebo iyonke inokuguquguquka ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yotshintsho kwiimeko zoqoqosho lwehlabathi okanye ezinye izinto ezichaphazela ukukhuphisana kwamashishini aseGrisi. Ngokwembali, iGrisi ngokwesiko ibinokusilela kurhwebo - okuthetha ukuba ixabiso lempahla evela kumazwe angaphandle lingaphezulu kwexabiso lempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle - igalelo kwimingeni yezoqoqosho elijongene nayo ilizwe. Kwiminyaka yakutsha nje iinzame zenziwe zokuphucula ukhuphiswano ngohlaziyo kodwa kuhleli kubalulekile kumashishini aseGreece, kumashishini angaphezulu, kunye namahlakani awo orhwebo ukuba aqhubeke nokulungelelanisa amacebo ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula okuzinzileyo kunye nokulinganisela i-tradeequation. Lilonke, imeko yorhwebo yaseGrisi yinkalo ebalulekileyo yoqoqosho lwayo oluchaphazela zombini iimarike zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe.
Uphuhliso lweMakethi olunokubakho
IGrisi, ekumzantsi-mpuma weYurophu, inethuba elithembisayo lophuhliso lwemarike yangaphandle. Eli lizwe linezinto ezininzi ezenza ukuba libe yindawo enomtsalane yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Okokuqala, iGrisi inendawo ecwangcisiweyo yejografi esebenza njengesango phakathi kweYurophu, iAsia kunye neAfrika. Indawo yayo ekudibaneni kweendlela zamazwekazi amathathu inika ukufikelela lula kwiimarike ezinkulu kwihlabathi liphela. Ukongeza, iGrisi inonxweme olubanzi kuLwandle lweMeditera, iyenza ibe lizibuko elifanelekileyo leendlela zorhwebo zaselwandle. Okwesibini, iGrisi inoluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwemizi-mveliso ejolise kumazwe angaphandle anegalelo kurhwebo lwangaphandle. Ilizwe laziwa ngeemveliso zalo zezolimo ezifana nomnquma, ioyile yomnquma, iziqhamo, kunye nemifuno – zonke ezi zinto zifunwa kakhulu kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphaya koko, icandelo lezokhenketho laseGrisi lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho kwaye litsala izigidi zeendwendwe nyaka ngamnye. Ngapha koko, iGrisi inamandla amakhulu okuhambisa ngenqanawa ngenxa yesiko elomeleleyo laselwandle. Iinkampani zokuthumela ngenqanawa zamaGrike ziphakathi kwezona zinkulu kwihlabathi kwaye zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuthungelwano lwezothutho lwamazwe ngamazwe. Oku kubeka iGrisi njengomdlali obalulekileyo kurhwebo lwehlabathi kwaye ibonelela ngamathuba okwandisa ngakumbi notyalo-mali. Ngaphezu koko, uhlaziyo lwamva nje lwezoqoqosho luye lwaphucula iimeko zoshishino kweli lizwe kwaye lwandisa ukuzithemba kwabatyali-zimali. Ezi nzame zibangele ekudalweni kweemeko ezilunge ngakumbi kwiinkampani zangaphandle ezijonge ukuseka imisebenzi okanye iqabane kunye namashishini aseGrike. Nangona ezi zinto zithembisayo zisenokubakho kukwakho imingeni ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ukuze kuphunyezwe amandla emalike yangaphandle yaseGrisi. Oku kubandakanya ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-bureaucratic kunye nemigaqo ephelelwe lixesha enokuthintela ukusebenza kweshishini. Isishwankathelo, sinikwe indawo yayo enobuchule, amandla, inkuthazo, kunye nokuphucula imeko yeshishini, iGrisi ibambe amandla abalulekileyo angasetyenziswanga okuqhubela phambili uphuhliso lweemarike zorhwebo zangaphandle. Ngaphandle kwemiceli mngeni ethile, iGrisi ihleli ikwimeko entle yokusebenzisa amathuba avela kurhwebo lwehlabathi.
Iimveliso ezishushu ezithengiswayo kwimarike
Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni iimveliso ezinokuthengiswa kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe eGrisi, kubalulekile ukugxila kwizinto ezikhethwayo kunye neemfuno zabathengi baseGrike. Ukuthathela ingqalelo ilifa lenkcubeko elikhethekileyo laseGrisi, imozulu yeMeditera, kunye neemeko ezithile zoqoqosho, nazi iindidi ezimbalwa zeemveliso ezinokuthi ziphumelele kwimarike yamaGrike: 1. Ioli yomnquma: IGrisi yaziwa ngomgangatho wayo ophezulu wemveliso yeoli. Ngemozulu efanelekileyo yokulinywa komnquma, ioyile yomnquma yaseGrike ibonwa ngokubanzi ngencasa yayo eyahlukileyo kunye neenzuzo zempilo. Ukwandisa olu luhlu ngokunika iinketho zezinto eziphilayo okanye ezinencasa zinokutsala abathengi abaninzi. 2. Izithambiso zendalo: AmaGrike ayazixabisa iimveliso zendalo zesikhumba ezenziwe ngezithako zasekuhlaleni ezifana nobusi, imifuno, kunye netyuwa yolwandle. Ukugxininisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zendalo kwimigca yokuthambisa efana neekhilimu zobuso, iisepha, kunye neoyile kunokuba nomtsalane kubathengi abakhathalele impilo. 3. Ukutya kunye neziselo zesiNtu: Ukubonelela ngeemveliso zesiGrike ezifana ne-feta cheese, ubusi, iwayini (ezifana ne-retsina), iti ye-herbal (njengeti yasezintabeni), okanye izimuncumuncu zasekuhlaleni ziya kutsala abahlali kunye nabakhenkethi abafuna ukufumana incasa yokwenyani yeMeditera. 4. Imisebenzi yezandla: AmaGrike ayazingca ngelifa lawo lobugcisa; ngoko ke umsebenzi wezandla owenziwe ngeeseramikhi, iimpahla zesikhumba (ezifana neembadada okanye iingxowa), ubucwebe (obuphefumlelwe ngoyilo lwakudala), okanye amalaphu ahonjisiweyo anokufumana isiseko esiluqilima somthengi phakathi kwabakhenkethi abafuna izikhumbuzo ezizodwa. 5. Iinkonzo ezinxulumene nezokhenketho: Ngenxa yokuthandwa kweGreece njengendawo yokhenketho eneziqithi ezintle kunye neziza zembali ezifana neAthens' Acropolis okanye i-archaeological site yaseDelphi- kukho imfuno yezixhobo zokuhamba ezifana neemephu/izikhokelo/iincwadi ezingembali/inkcubeko/ulwimi lwamaGrike; Iiphakheji zabakhenkethi eziqaqambisa iindawo ezinomtsalane ezingaziwayo zinokubhenela kubakhenkethi abanomdla abafuna amava angekhoyo. Khumbula ukuba uphando olufanelekileyo malunga nokuziphatha kwabathengi ngophando okanye uhlalutyo lweemarike luya kunika ingqiqo ebalulekileyo ngelixa ukhetha ukuba zeziphi iimveliso eziza kuthengisa kakuhle kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseGrisi.
Iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboo
IGrisi, ekumzantsi-mpuma weYurophu, ineempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zabathengi kunye ne-taboos. Xa uqhuba ishishini nabathengi baseGrike, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ubudlelwane bomntu buxatyiswa kakhulu. AmaGrike akhetha ukwenza ishishini nabantu ababaziyo nababathembileyo. Ukwakha ubudlelwane obuqinileyo kunye nokuseka unxibelelwano lobuqu kubalulekile ukuze bafumane intembeko yabo kunye nokunyaniseka njengabathengi. Abathengi baseGrisi bayakuxabisa ububele kunye nemibuliso efudumeleyo. Kulisiko ukubulisana ngokuxhawulana ngezandla ezintlanganisweni, okukhatshwa kukujongwa kwamehlo ngokuthe ngqo noncumo lobuhlobo. Incoko encinane ngentsapho, imozulu, okanye imidlalo inokunceda ukuseka ubuhlobo ngaphambi kokuba kuxutyushwe imibandela yezoshishino. Ukubamba ixesha kusenokungabi ngqongqo eGrisi njengokuba kunjalo kwamanye amazwe. AmaGrike ahlala enesimo sengqondo esikhululekileyo malunga nokugcinwa kwexesha kwaye banokufika emva kwexesha elithile kwiintlanganiso. Nangona kunjalo, kusacetyiswa ukuba amashishini angaphandle afike ngexesha okanye kwangethuba ngenxa yentlonipho kubamkeli bawo. Ngokubhekiselele kwisitayile sonxibelelwano, abathengi baseGrike banokuvakalisa kwaye banokubandakanyeka kwiingxoxo ezinopopayi okanye iingxoxo ngexesha leentlanganiso. Ukuphazamisana ngamaxesha athile xa kuncokolwa kukwaxhaphakile phakathi kwamaGrike; ibonisa ihlombe kodwa akufanele iqondwe phosakeleyo njengehambo engafanelekanga. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba izihloko ezithile kufuneka ziphetshwe ngexesha leengxoxo kunye nabathengi baseGrike. Uvakalelo kwimiba yezopolitiko okanye imiba enxulumene nembali efana neMfazwe yeHlabathi yesiBini kunokuthintela iingxabano okanye ukungaqondani. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuxoxa ngezimali zobuqu ngqo off the bat kuya kuthathwa njengento engafanelekanga; endaweni yoko kugxininise ekwakheni ubudlelwane kuqala ngaphambi kokuntywila kwiinkcukacha zemali. Ngaphezu koko kuphephe naluphi na uthelekiso phakathi kweGrisi kunye namazwe angabamelwane anjengeTurkey ngenxa yeengxaki zembali phakathi kwabo. Okokugqibela, xa unikezela ngezipho okanye utshintshiselana ngamakhadi oshishino, kwenze oko ngentlonipho usebenzisa izandla zozibini – esi senzo sibonisa intlonipho yakho kumntu owamkelayo endaweni yokugqiba utshintshiselwano ngokukhawuleza. Ukuqonda ezi mpawu zabathengi kunye nokuphepha naziphi na izithethe zenkcubeko kuya kunceda ukukhuthaza ubudlelwane obuyimpumelelo kunye nabathengi baseGrisi ngelixa usenza ishishini eGrisi.
Inkqubo yolawulo lweCustoms
IGrisi inenkqubo yolawulo lwesithethe esekwe kakuhle yokulawula ukuhamba kwempahla kunye nabantu abangena nabaphumayo kweli lizwe. Njengelungu leManyano yaseYurophu, iGrisi ilandela imimiselo ye-EU kulawulo lwempahla ephumayo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ukuqokelela imisebenzi, nokuthintela imisebenzi engekho mthethweni enjengokuthutyeleziswa. Xa ungena okanye uphuma eGrisi, kukho iingongoma ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule. Okokuqala nokuphambili, abahambi kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba banamaphepha okundwendwela asemthethweni aza kusebenza kangangeenyanga ezintathu ubuncinci ngaphaya kokuhlala kwabo bekucetyiwe. Abemi abangengabo abe-EU banokufuna i-visa yokungena ngokuxhomekeke kubuzwe babo. Kwimida yaseGrisi, kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya nakwizikhululo zolwandle, kukho iindawo zokujonga izithethe apho amagosa anokuhlola imithwalo kwaye abuze imibuzo enxulumene nohambo lwakho. Kubalulekile ukubhengeza naziphi na iimpahla ezingaphaya kwemida evumelekileyo ngokobungakanani okanye ixabiso ukuphepha naziphi na izohlwayo ezinokubakho okanye ukuthinjwa. Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba izinto ezithile azivumelekanga ukuba zingeniswe okanye zithunyelwe zisuka eGrisi. Ezi ziquka iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, izixhobo/iziqhushumbisi, iimpahla zomgunyathi ezinyhasha amalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda (ezifana neemveliso zomyili womgunyathi), iintlobo zezilwanyana ezikhuselweyo/iimveliso ezivela kuzo (ezifana nophondo lwendlovu), kunye nezinye izinto ezityeshela impilo yoluntu okanye imigaqo yokhuseleko. Ukongeza, izithintelo ezithile ziyasebenza malunga nokuthuthwa kwemali xa ungena/uphuma eGrisi. Ngokwemigaqo ye-EU ephunyezwe ngabasemagunyeni eGrisi ukususela ngo-2013/2014 iziganeko zentlekele yezemali zenzeke ngaphakathi eYurophu; abantu ngabanye kufuneka bachaze iimali ezingaphezulu kwe-€10,000 (okanye isixa esilinganayo kwenye imali) xa besiya okanye bephuma eGrisi. Kwimeko apho uphethe amayeza kagqirha kunye nawe aqulethe izinto ezichazwe njenge-narcotics okanye i-psychotropic drug ngezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe phantsi komthetho waseGrisi zifuna ukubonelela ngamaxwebhu afanelekileyo afana namaphepha abhalwe phantsi avela kwiingcali zonyango ezigunyazisiweyo. Ukuthobela le migaqo ngokubanzi kuya kwenza inkqubo yakho yokungena / yokuphuma ibe lula kwaye ithintele nayiphi na imiba esemthethweni kunye namagunya amasiko aseGrisi ngelixa uqinisekisa ukuba uyalonwabela ixesha lakho lokuhlola eli lizwe lihle kakhulu kwimbali kunye nemimangaliso yendalo.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu
IGreece, njengamanye amazwe amaninzi, inomgaqo-nkqubo werhafu wokungenisa elizweni omiselweyo ukulawula ukungena kwempahla elizweni. Irhafu yokungenisa elizweni luhlobo lwerhafu ebekwe kwiimpahla eziziswa eGrisi zivela phesheya. Amaxabiso erhafu yokungenisa eGrisi ayahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemveliso ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Ezinye iindidi eziqhelekileyo ziquka iimveliso zezolimo, oomatshini boshishino, i-elektroniki, kunye neemoto. Ezi ntlawulo zinokususela kwi-0% kwiimpahla ezithile ukuya kutsho kuma-45% kwizinto zodidi oluphezulu. Ukongeza kwimilinganiselo yerhafu yokungenisa elizweni esisiseko, iGrisi ikwasebenzisa irhafu yexabiso elongeziweyo (i-VAT) kwiimpahla ezingeniswa kumazwe angaphandle. Izinga le-VAT eliqhelekileyo eGrisi okwangoku limiselwe kwi-24%, kodwa kukho amaxabiso athotyiweyo akhoyo kwiimveliso ezithile eziyimfuneko ezifana nokutya namayeza. Ukumisela irhafu yokungenisa etyalwa ngabantu okanye amashishini angenisa iimpahla eGrisi, ixabiso leemveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle livavanywa ngokusekelwe kwixabiso lezithethe zabo. Oku kuquka izinto ezifana neendleko zokuhamba kunye neendleko ze-inshorensi ezinxulumene nokuzisa ezi mpahla eGrisi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iGrisi yeye-European Union (EU), okuthetha ukuba ilandela imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemimiselo yorhwebo ye-EU. Ngokunjalo, amanye amazwe akwi-EU anezivumelwano zorhwebo ezikhethekileyo neGrisi ezibonelela ngonyango olukhethekileyo okanye amaxabiso athotyiweyo kwizinto ezithile ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle. Ngaphaya koko, kubalulekile ukuba abantu okanye amashishini angenisa iimpahla eGrisi athobele zonke iinkqubo zesithethe kwaye abonelele ngamaxwebhu achanekileyo malunga nokungeniswa kwazo ngaphandle. Ukungaphumeleli ukwenjenjalo kusenokuphumela kwimirhumo eyongezelelekileyo okanye izohlwayo ezibekwe ngabasemagunyeni bezithethe zamaGrike. Lilonke, ukuqonda umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu wokungenisa elizweni waseGrisi kubalulekile kuye nabani na obandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe neli lizwe. Iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yamaGrike ngelixa ikwanceda ukuqikelela iindleko ezinokubakho ezinxulumene nokungenisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentengiso eGrisi.
Iipolisi zerhafu ezithumela ngaphandle
Umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle eGrisi ujolise ekukhuthazeni amashishini asekhaya kunye nokukhusela uzinzo lwezoqoqosho lwelizwe. Ilizwe libeka iirhafu ezahlukeneyo kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ngokusekelwe kubume bazo kunye nexabiso. Kwiimveliso zezolimo, iGrisi isebenzisa inkqubo yerhafu edityanisiweyo. Izinto ezisisiseko ezifana neziqhamo, imifuno, kunye neesiriyeli ziphantsi kwerhafu ephantsi okanye zixolelwe ngokupheleleyo. Imveliso yezolimo esetyenzisiweyo njengeoyile yomnquma, iwayini, kunye neemveliso zobisi zihlala zijongana nerhafu ephezulu ngenxa yexabiso labo elongeziweyo. Ngaphaya koko, iGrisi ikhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwempahla evelisiweyo kumazwe angaphandle ngokubonelela ngenkuthazo yerhafu kunye nenkxaso. Amashishini ajolise kumazwe angaphandle afana nokwenziwa kwelaphu kunye ne-elektroniki bonwabela amaxabiso ancitshisiweyo erhafu ukukhulisa ukhuphiswano lwawo kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezithile zinokuba phantsi kwemiqathango okanye zalelwe ekuthunyelweni ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo. Izinto zakudala ezibalulekileyo zembali okanye zenkcubeko zilawulwa ngokungqongqo ukugcina ilifa lemveli yelizwe. Ukongeza, iimpahla ezicwangcisiweyo ezinxulumene nokhuseleko lwesizwe zinokufuna iimvume ezikhethekileyo phambi kokuthumela ngaphandle. Ukuthobela imithetho yeManyano yaseYurophu (i-EU), iGrisi ibeka irhafu yexabiso elongeziweyo (i-VAT) kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngesantya esisebenzayo ngokuxhomekeke kudidi lwazo. Nangona kunjalo, amashishini ahlala ebandakanyeka kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe angasebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubuyisela i-VAT ezijolise ekucutheni irhafu ephindwe kabini kwabo bathumela ngaphandle. IGrisi ikwagcina izivumelwano zorhwebo zasimahla kunye namazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi jikelele ezisusa okanye ezinciphisa iirhafu kwiimveliso ezithile. Ezi zivumelwano ziququzelela ukwanda kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle ngokubonelela ngofikelelo olukhethekileyo kwiimarike zangaphandle. Ukuqukumbela, umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle eGrisi ujolise ekukhuleni koqoqosho olulinganayo ngelixa ukhusela umdla wamashishini asekhaya. Ngokukhuthaza amacandelo athile ngeerhafu ezicuthiweyo kunye nokukhuthaza ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho ye-EU ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zembuyekezo ye-VAT, ilizwe lisebenzela ekuphuculeni ubudlelwane balo borhwebo bamazwe ngamazwe nokwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwalo kumazwe angaphandle kwihlabathi jikelele.
Iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle
IGrisi lilizwe elinembali etyebileyo kunye nenkcubeko, kwaye ikwaqhayisa ngoluhlu olwahlukeneyo lweemveliso ezithunyelwa kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokunyaniseka kokuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe, iGrisi iphumeze imilinganiselo yokuqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Isatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle eGrisi siquka amanyathelo ahlukeneyo okuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho efunekayo kunye nemimiselo ngaphambi kokuba zihambe kweli lizwe. Umba omnye obalulekileyo kukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwezivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe, ezifana nezo zimiselwe nguMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi (i-WTO). Ezi zivumelwano zinceda ukuququzelela iindlela zorhwebo ezinobulungisa phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu. Ukongeza, iGrisi ikwafuna abathumeli bangaphandle ukuba bafumane izatifikethi ezithile ezisekwe kubume beemveliso zabo. Umzekelo, iimveliso zezolimo kufuneka zihambelane nemigaqo ye-European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba imigangatho yokhuseleko lokutya iyahlangatyezwa kwaye inciphisa nayiphi na imingcipheko yempilo enokubakho eyayanyaniswa nempahla yezolimo ethunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle. Ngaphaya koko, amanye amashishini afana nokuvelisa anokufuna iziqinisekiso zomgangatho wemveliso ezifana ne-ISO (International Organisation for Standardization) okanye ukumakishwa kwe-CE (Conformité Européene). Ezi ziqinisekiso zibonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo ethile yobugcisa okanye iimfuno zokhuseleko lwempahla kumacandelo athile. Ukunceda abathumeli bangaphandle ekufumaneni izatifikethi eziyimfuneko, iGrisi iseke imibutho efana ne-Enterprise Greece kunye ne-Hellenic Accreditation System-Hellas Cert phantsi koBuphathiswa boPhuhliso kunye noTyalo-mali. Le mibutho ibonelela ngesikhokelo kwiinkqubo zokuthumela ngaphandle, inika ulwazi malunga neemfuno zesiqinisekiso, iqhube uhlolo ukuba iyimfuneko, kwaye ikhuphe izatifikethi ezifanelekileyo ngeenjongo zokuthumela ngaphandle. Lilonke, iGrisi iyakuqonda ukubaluleka kwesatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle ekufumaneni intembeko yabathengi kumazwe angaphandle ngelixa iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokuzalisekisa la manyathelo ngokungqongqo, amashishini aseGrike angabonisa iimpahla ezithembekileyo nezikumgangatho ophezulu kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe - enegalelo kokubini kubudlelwane obuyimpumelelo borhwebo kwihlabathi jikelele kunye nokuxhasa ukukhula koqoqosho ngaphakathi.
Ulungiselelo lolungiselelo olucetyiswayo
IGrisi, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhliki yaseHellenic, lilizwe elikuMzantsi-mpuma weYurophu. Njengalo naliphi na ilizwe, icandelo lezothutho kunye necandelo lezothutho lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni uqoqosho lwalo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhamba kakuhle kwempahla kunye neenkonzo. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso zolungiselelo lwaseGrisi: 1. IZibonelelo zeZibuko: IGrisi inamazibuko aliqela amakhulu asebenza njengamasango aphambili kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. IPiraeus Port eAthene lelinye lawona mazibuko makhulu eYurophu kwaye ibonelela ngoqhagamshelo olubalaseleyo eAsia, eAfrika naseYurophu. Amanye amazibuko abalulekileyo abandakanya iThessaloniki, esebenza njengesango lokuya kuMzantsi-mpuma Yurophu, kunye nePatras Port emi kwicala elingasentshona laseGrisi. 2. Iinkonzo ze-Air Cargo: Ukuba ukhetha ukuthuthwa ngenqwelomoya ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngokukhawuleza okanye izinto ezinokonakala, iGrisi inezikhululo zeenqwelo moya ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe ezibonelela ngeenkonzo zempahla. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseAthens sesona sikhululo seenqwelomoya esinezikhululo zempahla ezizinikeleyo ezinikezela ngolawulo olululo kunye neenkqubo zokucocwa kwempahla. Izikhululo zeenqwelo moya ezongezelelweyo ezifana ne-Thessaloniki International Airport nazo zibonelela ngezibonelelo zempahla. 3. Uthungelwano lweNdlela: Iziseko zeendlela zaseGrisi zidibanisa imimandla eyahlukeneyo yelizwe ngokusebenzayo ukuququzelela imisebenzi yolungiselelo lwasekhaya. I-Egnatia Motorway (Egnatia Odos) inqumla emantla eGrisi idibanisa i-Igoumenitsa (unxweme olusentshona) ukuya e-Alexandroupolis (unxweme olusempuma), ngaloo ndlela iphucula uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwamazwe asebumelwaneni njengeAlbania neTurkey. 4. Iinkonzo zikaloliwe: Ngelixa uthungelwano lwendlela longamele ezothutho ngaphakathi eGrisi, iinkonzo zikaloliwe zinokusetyenziselwa iintlobo ezithile zothutho lwemithwalo ezifana nempahla eninzi okanye oomatshini abanzima abahamba imigama emide okanye iintshukumo ezinqumla imida ikakhulu ukuya kumazwe akuMntla Yurophu. 5.Iindawo zokugcina iimpahla: Uthungelwano oluluqilima logcino lukhona kulo lonke elaseGrisi lwenza kube lula kumashishini ukugcina iimpahla ngokufanelekileyo phambi kokuba zihanjiswe okanye zithunyelwe ngaphandle.Imimandla yemizi-mveliso ejolise kumazwe angaphandle njengaleyo ikufuphi nezixeko zamazibuko ezinkulu zibonelela ngeendawo zokugcina iimpahla ezikhethekileyo ezineziseko zala maxesha eziququzelela imisebenzi yokuwela inqanawa. . I-6.Ababoneleli boLungiselelo lweQela leSithathu (3PLs): uninzi lwababoneleli belizwe lonke be-3PL basebenza eGrisi abanokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezibanzi zolungiselelo kuquka ukuthutha, ukugcinwa kwezinto, kunye nokukhutshwa kwezithethe. Ukusebenzisana nomboneleli we-3PL ohloniphekileyo kunokulungelelanisa imisebenzi yakho yokubonelela kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukuqukumbela, iGrisi inothungelwano lolungiselelo oluphuhliswe kakuhle olubandakanya amazibuko, izikhululo zeenqwelomoya, iziseko zendlela, kunye neendawo zokugcina iimpahla ezixhasa ukuhamba kakuhle kweempahla zombini ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo kunye nokusebenzisana nabanikezeli benkonzo abathembekileyo kunokunceda amashishini aqinisekise ulungiselelo olugudileyo kunye nokusebenza kothungelwano lokubonelela elizweni.
Imijelo yophuhliso lwabathengi

Imiboniso yorhwebo ebalulekileyo

IGrisi lilizwe elinembali, inkcubeko, kunye nobuhle bendalo. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, iye yaba yindawo enomtsalane yorhwebo noshishino lwamazwe ngamazwe. Uninzi lwabathengi ababalulekileyo bamanye amazwe bajonge eGrisi ukufumana iimveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuseka intsebenziswano. Ukongeza, ilizwe libamba imiboniso zorhwebo emininzi ebalulekileyo kunye nemiboniso esebenza njengamaqonga agqwesileyo okunxibelelana nabathengi. Elinye lamashishini aphambili eGrisi lukhenketho. Ilizwe litsala izigidi zabakhenkethi minyaka le, kudala imfuno yeemveliso ezinxulumene nokwamkela iindwendwe, ezifana nezixhobo zehotele, ifenitshala, ukutya kunye neziselo, izindlu zangasese, njl. iimfuno zabo. Olunye ushishino olubalulekileyo eGrisi lezolimo. Umhlaba ochumileyo waseGrisi wenza ukuba kuveliswe iziqhamo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, imifuno, ioli yeoli, iwayini, iimveliso zobisi, njl. njl., ezifunwa ngabathengi behlabathi. Abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe bahlala besebenzisana noomasibambisane bezolimo baseGrisi okanye umfama ngamnye ukuze athenge ezi mpahla. IGrisi ikwanecandelo elityebileyo lemithombo yezimbiwa. Ivelisa amaminerali afana ne-bauxite (i-aluminium ore), i-nickel ore liquors (esetyenziswa kwimveliso yensimbi engenasici), iiminerali zoshishino (umzekelo, i-bentonite), i-limestone aggregates (izinto zokwakha), iibhloko ze-marble / ii-slabs / iileyile (i-marble yaseGrike eyaziwayo emhlabeni jikelele) , njl. Ezi zixhobo zitsala abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna ababoneleli abathembekileyo bemathiriyeli ekrwada. Ngaphaya koko, iGrisi inomzi-mveliso waselwandle ochumayo ngenxa yendawo ekuyo yobuchule kunye namazibuko amaninzi. Iinkampani zokwakha iinqanawa zamazwe ngamazwe zihlala zisebenzisana nabaphathi beenqanawa baseGrisi ukwakha iinqanawa okanye ukufumana izixhobo zaselwandle eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwazo. Ngokubhekiselele kwimiboniso yorhwebo kunye nemiboniso ebanjelwe eGrisi: 1) Umboniso waMazwe ngaMazwe waseThessaloniki: Lo mnyhadala wonyaka wenzeka kwisixeko saseThessaloniki kwaye ugxile kumacandelo ahlukeneyo afana nethekhnoloji kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha/izisombululo ze-IT/izixhobo zombane/izixhobo zasekhaya/izithuthi/ukutya kwemveliso/iwayini-ukhenketho/ezilukiweyo zokwakha/njl. 2) Philoxenia: Ngumboniso wokhenketho wamazwe ngamazwe oqhubeka eThessaloniki kwaye ugxile ekukhuthazeni iimveliso neenkonzo ezinxulumene nokhenketho, kuquka iihotele, ii-arhente zokuhamba, iinqwelo-moya, abakhenkethi, njl. I-3) I-Expo yokutya yaseGrisi: Lo mboniso wezorhwebo owawubanjelwe eAthene ubonisa uluhlu lokutya kwamaGrike kunye neemveliso zesiselo. Itsala abathengi bamazwe aphesheya abanomdla wokufumana ukutya okukumgangatho ophezulu kwamaGrike. 4) I-Posidonia: Yaziwa njengowona msitho ubalaseleyo waselwandle, iPosidonia ibamba uluhlu olubanzi lweenkampani ezibandakanya amacandelo ahlukeneyo kushishino lwenqanawa lwamazwe ngamazwe. Abathengi kweli candelo bandwendwela ukuphonononga itekhnoloji yokwakha iinqanawa, izixhobo zaselwandle, ababoneleli beendawo ezisecaleni, njl. 5) I-AgroThessaly: Ithatha indawo kwisixeko saseLarissa (ephakathi kweGrisi), lo mboniso ugxininisa ukuveliswa kwezolimo / ukutya / imfuyo / i-horticulture innovations. Bobabini abathengi bamaGrike nabamazwe ngamazwe banomdla wokuhlola la macandelo ngexesha le-AgroThessaly. Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yeendlela ezibalulekileyo zophuhliso lwabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemiboniso yorhwebo enikezelwa yiGrisi. Ubutyebi belizwe obutyebileyo kunye namashishini ahlukeneyo ayenza ibe yindawo enomtsalane kubathengi behlabathi abafuna iimveliso ezisemgangathweni okanye abafuna amathuba entsebenziswano.
EGrisi, iinjini zokukhangela ezixhaphakileyo zezi: 1. UGoogle (https://www.google.gr): UGoogle yeyona njini yokukhangela idumileyo kwihlabathi liphela, kuquka naseGreece. Ibonelela ngeziphumo zophendlo ezibanzi, amaphepha ewebhu, imifanekiso, amanqaku eendaba, iimephu, nokunye okuninzi. 2. I-Bing (https://www.bing.com): I-Bing yenye injini yokukhangela esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ebonelela ngokusebenza okufanayo kuGoogle. Inika uphendlo lwewebhu kunye nophendlo lwemifanekiso kunye nevidiyo. 3. I-Yahoo (https://www.yahoo.gr): I-Yahoo yinjini yokukhangela edumileyo eneempawu ezahlukeneyo eziquka uphendlo lwewebhu kunye namanqaku eendaba. Nangona isenokungasetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengeGoogle okanye iBing eGrisi, isenesiseko esibalulekileyo somsebenzisi. 4. I-DuckDuckGo (https://duckduckgo.com): I-DuckDuckGo ibalasele kwezinye iinjini zokukhangela ngokujolisa kubumfihlo bomsebenzisi. Ayiqokeleli iinkcukacha zobuqu okanye ilandelele imisebenzi ye-intanethi yabasebenzisi. 5. Yandex (https://yandex.gr): Ngelixa isaziwa kakhulu ngokusetyenziswa kwayo eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe awayesakuba yiSoviet Union, iYandex ikwabonelela ngeenguqulelo zasekhaya zeGrisi ezineziphumo zolwimi lwesiGrike olufanelekileyo. Ezi zezinye zeenjini zokukhangela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa eGrisi; zisenokubakho ezinye ezifumanekayo ngokunjalo ngokuxhomekeke kukhetho lobuqu kunye neemfuno ezithile.

Amaphepha amakhulu atyheli

EGrisi, awona maqonga aphambili atyheli ngala: 1. Yellow Pages Greece - Uluhlu olusemthethweni lwamaphepha atyheli lwamashishini kunye neenkonzo zaseGrisi. Ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini ahlelwe ngokweshishini kunye nendawo. Iwebhusayithi: www.yellowpages.gr 2. 11880 - Ibonelela ngoluhlu lwe-intanethi lwamashishini kunye neenkonzo eGrisi. Abasebenzisi banokukhangela iimveliso okanye iinkonzo ezithile, bafumane iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano, kwaye bafikelele kuphononongo lwabathengi. umthombo: www.11880.com 3. Xo.gr - Uluhlu lweshishini lwe-intanethi oludumileyo oluvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bakhangele iindidi ezahlukeneyo ezifana neendawo zokutyela, iihotele, oogqirha, amagqwetha, nokunye. umthombo: www.xo.gr 4. Allbiz - Uluhlu lweshishini lwamazwe ngamazwe olubandakanya uluhlu oluvela kwiinkampani zamaGrike ezibonelela ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo. Abasebenzisi banokukhangela ngokodidi okanye igama lenkampani. iwebhusayithi: greece.all.biz/en/ 5. I-Business Partner - Iqonga lamaphepha atyheli elilungiselela ngokukodwa iingcali zaseGrike ezifuna abafowunelwa bezoshishino okanye ababoneleli ngaphakathi elizweni. iwebhusayithi: www.businesspartner.gr 6. I-YouGoVista - Le ncwadana ye-intanethi inikezela ngolwazi malunga namashishini asekuhlaleni eGrisi njengeendawo zokutyela, iihotele, iivenkile, amaziko ezempilo, njl., kunye nophononongo lwabasebenzisi. Iwebhusayithi: www.yougovista.com 7. I-Hellas Directories – Ukupapasha uluhlu lwezalathisi ezishicilelweyo ukusukela ngoo-1990s kuquka amaphepha amhlophe okuhlala kunye noluhlu lwamaphepha atyheli ezorhwebo asekelwe kwiingingqi ngaphakathi kweGrisi. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezi zezinye zezalathisi eziphambili zamaphepha amthubi akhoyo eGrisi; nangona kunjalo, kunokubakho ezinye iirejista zengingqi okanye ezizodwa ezifumanekayo ngokunjalo ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho ezithile okanye indawo ngaphakathi elizweni

Amaqonga amakhulu orhwebo

IGrisi, ilizwe elikumazantsi mpuma aseYurophu elaziwa ngembali yalo etyebileyo kunye neendawo ezintle zomhlaba, inamaqonga amakhulu e-e-commerce ajongana neemfuno zokuthenga ngedijithali kubemi balo. Amanye amaqonga e-e-commerce aphambili eGrisi ngala: 1. I-Skroutz.gr (https://www.skroutz.gr/): I-Skroutz yenye yezona webhusayithi zokuthelekisa ixabiso eGrisi. Ivumela abathengi ukuba bathelekise amaxabiso kunye nophononongo lweemveliso kubathengisi abaninzi be-intanethi. 2. Public.gr (https://www.public.gr/): Uluntu ngumthengisi owaziwayo waseGrike okwi-intanethi obonelela ngeemveliso ezininzi eziquka izinto zombane, iincwadi, iithoyi, izinto zefashoni, nokunye. 3. I-Plaisio.gr (https://www.plaisio.gr/): IPlaisio yenye yabathengisi be-elektroniki abakhulu eGrisi kwaye ikwabonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso ezinjengee-smartphones, iilaptops, izixhobo zasekhaya, kunye nezixhobo zokudlala. 4. I-e-shop.gr (https://www.e-shop.gr/): I-e-shop ibonelela ngeenketho ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso ezinxulumene nobuchwepheshe ezifana neekhompyuter, iiperipherals, iikhamera, ii-smartphones ezivela kwiibhrendi ezahlukeneyo. 5. I-InSpot (http://enspot.in/) - I-InSpot yindawo yokuthengisa ekwi-intanethi egxile ikakhulu kwizinto zefashoni zamadoda nabasetyhini kubandakanywa izincedisi zezihlangu zempahla. 6.Jumbo( https://jumbo66.com/) - IJumbo66 ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwemidlalo yokudlala izinto zokubhala ifanitshala yolutsha izinto zeelekese iilekese izimuncumuncu zezipho zobucwebe izipho zamagcisa - 7.Warehouse bazaar(https://warehousebazaar.co.uk)-Warehouse Bazaar yivenkile ekwi-intanethi egxile kwimpahla ekwifashoni yamadoda amabini abasetyhini kunye neemveliso zobuhle basekhaya. Le yimizekelo nje ebalaseleyo; kusenokubakho amanye amaqonga amancinane okanye iiwebhusayithi ezikhethekileyo ezibonelela ngeendidi zeemveliso ezithile okanye iinkonzo ngaphakathi kwe-e-commerce landscape yaseGrisi.

Amaqonga amakhulu eendaba zoluntu

IGrisi, ilizwe elihle elikumazantsi mpuma Yurophu, inobukho bemithombo yeendaba zentlalo. Nanga amanye amaqonga eendaba ezentlalo adumileyo eGrisi kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. I-Facebook (https://www.facebook.com) -I-Facebook isetyenziswa kakhulu eGrisi ukunxibelelana nabahlobo kunye nosapho, ukwabelana ngohlaziyo, iifoto kunye neevidiyo. 2. I-Instagram (https://www.instagram.com) - I-Instagram ifumene ukuthandwa kakhulu eGrisi kule minyaka. Abantu bayisebenzisa ukuze babelane ngeefoto ezinomtsalane ezibonwayo kunye neevidiyo zamava abo. 3. I-Twitter (https://twitter.com) - I-Twitter lelinye iqonga elidumileyo elisetyenziswa ngamaGrike ukwabelana ngeengcinga, uhlaziyo lweendaba, nokubandakanyeka kwiingxoxo ngezihloko ezahlukeneyo. 4. I-LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com) - I-LinkedIn isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ziingcali zaseGrisi ngeenjongo zokunxibelelana kunye nokufuna amathuba emisebenzi. 5. I-YouTube (https://www.youtube.com) -I-YouTube idume kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye iGrisi iyafana. Abadali bomxholo wamaGrike basebenzisa eli qonga ukwabelana ngeevidiyo kwizihloko ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya umculo, iivlog zokuhamba, izifundo zobuhle, njl. 6. TikTok (https://www.tiktok.com/en/) - Ukuthandwa kweTikTok kukhule ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi liphela kubandakanya neGrisi ukusukela oko yasungulwa. Abasebenzisi benza iividiyo ezimfutshane zokonwabisa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo njengemizobo ehlekisayo okanye ukuvumelanisa imilebe. 7. I-Snapchat (https://www.snapchat.com) - I-Snapchat ikwasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwabasebenzisi baseGrike ukwabelana nge-snaps / iividiyo ezikhawulezayo ezinyamalalayo emva kwexesha elifutshane. 8.Pinterest ( https: // www.pinterest .com )- I-Pinterest isebenza njengeqonga elikhuthazayo lamaGrike apho banokufumana khona imibono yokuyila ehambelana neendlela zefashoni, iipateni zoyilo lweemoto ezivela kwihlabathi jikelele I-9.Reddit ( https: // www.reddit .com )- I-Reddit ifikelela kwi-Greek tech-savvy segment apho batshintshiselana khona ngeembono ngeeforamu ezibizwa ngokuba yi "subreddits"; ezi subreddits zigubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwezifundo ezilungiselela imidla eyahlukeneyo. La ngamaqonga eendaba ezentlalo athandwayo eGrisi. Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba ukuthandwa kwamaqonga eendaba ezentlalo kunokwahluka phakathi kwabantu kunye namaqela obudala, ngoko ke kukho namanye amaqonga asekwe kwi-niche asetyenziswa luluntu oluthile okanye umdla ngaphakathi eGrisi.

Imibutho emikhulu yoshishino

IGrisi inemibutho emininzi emikhulu yoshishino emele amacandelo ahlukeneyo. Nantsi eminye yemibutho ephambili yoshishino eGrisi kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. I-Hellenic Confederation of Commerce and Entrepreneurship (ESEE) - ESEE imele umdla worhwebo lwamaGrike kunye noshishino. umthombo: http://www.esee.gr/ 2. I-Federation of Greek Industries (SEV) - i-SEV ngumbutho ohamba phambili wamashishini omele amacandelo amakhulu ezoshishino eGrisi. umthombo: https://www.sev.org.gr/en/ 3. I-Association of Greek Tourism Enterprises (SETE) - I-SETE ngumbutho obalulekileyo okhuthaza kwaye uxhase ishishini lokhenketho lwaseGrike. umthombo: https://sete.gr/en/ 4. I-Hellenic Bank Association (HBA) - i-HBA imele amaziko ebhanki aseGrike kwaye isebenza ukukhuthaza umdla wecandelo lebhanki. Iwebhusayithi http://www.hba.gr/eng_index.asp 5. I-Panhellenic Exporters Association (PSE) - i-PSE ngumbutho oxhasa kunye nokukhuthaza abathengisi bangaphandle baseGrike kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe. umthombo: https://www.pse-exporters.gr/en/index.php 6. I-Athens Chamber of Commerce & Industry (ACCI) - I-ACCI isebenza njengeqonga lophuhliso loshishino, inika inkxaso kwiinkampani ezisebenza e-Athene. umthombo: https://en.acci.gr/ 7. I-Federation of Industries Northern Greece (SBBE) - SBBE imele amashishini okuvelisa asekelwe kuMntla weGrisi, ethethelela iimfuno zawo kwinqanaba lengingqi. Iwebhusayithi: http://sbbe.org/main/homepage.aspx?lang=en 8. I-Panhellenic Association ye-Information Technology & Communications Companies (SEPE) - i-SEPE isebenza ukukhuthaza i-IT kunye namashishini onxibelelwano, ejolise ekuqiniseni icandelo loqoqosho lwedijithali yaseGrisi. Iwebhusayithi: http://sepeproodos-12o.blogspot.com/p/sepe.html 9. IManyano yamaKopolotyeni ezoLimo(MARKOPOLIS)- MARKOPOLIS isebenza njengeqonga lookopolotyeni bezolimo eGrisi, inika inkxaso kumafama nokukhuthaza umdla wabo. Iwebhusayithi http://www.markopolis.gr/en/home Le mibutho idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumeleni umdla wamashishini kunye nokuxhasa uphuhliso kunye nokukhula kwabo eGrisi. Nceda uqaphele ukuba olu luhlu aluphelelanga, kwaye kunokubakho imibutho yoshishino eyongezelelweyo kumacandelo athile okanye imimandla yaseGrisi.

Iiwebhusayithi zeshishini kunye norhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zezoqoqosho kunye nezorhwebo eGrisi ezibonelela ngolwazi kumacandelo ahlukeneyo oqoqosho lwelizwe. Nantsi imizekelo embalwa kunye needilesi zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) - Igunya leenkcukacha-manani elisemthethweni laseGrisi, linikezela ngedatha kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho. Iwebhusayithi: www.statistics.gr 2. UMphathiswa wezoQoqosho noPhuhliso - Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yoMphathiswa waseGrisi onoxanduva lokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho nophuhliso. iwebhusayithi: www.mindigital.gr 3. I-Enterprise Greece-I-arhente karhulumente enoxanduva lokutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kunye nokukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwe-Greek kumazwe angaphandle. Iwebhusayithi: www.enterprisegreece.gov.gr 4. I-Athens Stock Exchange (ATEX) - I-stock exchange engundoqo e-Greece, inikezela ngolwazi malunga nezitokhwe, i-indices, kunye nemisebenzi yokurhweba. iwebhusayithi: www.helex.gr 5. I-Federation of Industries of Northern Greece (FING) - Intlangano yoshishino yengingqi emele iinkampani kuMntla weGrisi. iwebhusayithi: www.sbbhe.gr 6. I-Greek Exporters Association (SEVE) - Imele abathengisi bangaphandle baseGrike kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo kwaye ibonelele ngemithombo yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. umthombo: www.seve.gr 7. I-Federation of Hellenic Food Industries (SEVT) - Umbutho ongenzi nzuzo omele umdla woshishino lokutya lwaseGrike kwinqanaba lesizwe nelamazwe ngamazwe. umthombo: www.sevt.gr 8. I-Piraeus Chamber of Commerce & Industry (PCCI) - Ibonelela ngenkxaso kunye neenkonzo kumashishini asePiraeus kuquka nolwazi olunxulumene norhwebo. iwebhusayithi: www.pi.chamberofpiraeus.unhcr.or.jp Ezi webhusayithi zinokubonelela ngexabiso elixabisekileyo kuqoqosho lwamaGrike, amathuba okurhweba, amathuba otyalo-mali, amanani emarike, idatha ethe ngqo kwicandelo, kunye nokufikelela kwimibutho yoshishino efanelekileyo okanye amaqumrhu karhulumente anxulumene norhwebo kunye norhwebo eGrisi. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ii-URL zewebhusayithi zinokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha; ngoko ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhangele ngokuthe ngqo kwiinjini zokukhangela ngokusebenzisa amagama ale mibutho okanye amagama angundoqo anxulumene noqoqosho lwaseGrisi kunye norhwebo.

Iiwebhusayithi zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zemibuzo yedatha yeGrisi onokufikelela kuyo ukuze ufumane ulwazi malunga nezibalo zorhwebo zelizwe. Nazi ezinye iiwebhusayithi kunye nee-URL zazo: 1. UGunyaziwe woBalo lwe-Hellenic (ELSTAT): Iwebhusayithi: https://www.statistics.gr/en/home 2. INkonzo yeSizwe yoBalo lwaseGrisi: Iwebhusayithi: https://www.statistics.gr/portal/page/portal/ESYE 3. IBhanki yeHlabathi-Inkangeleko yelizwe laseGrisi: Iwebhusayithi: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/greece-country-profile 4. I-Eurostat - iKhomishini yaseYurophu: umthombo: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Greece/international_trade_in_goods_statistics 5. Uvimba weenkcukacha we-United Nations Comtrade - Greece: umthombo: http://comtrade.un.org/data/ Ezi webhusayithi zibonelela ngedatha yorhwebo ebanzi kunye nehlaziyiweyo, kubandakanywa ukuthengiswa ngaphandle, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle, ibhalansi yeentlawulo, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha-manani ezinxulumene ngqo noqoqosho lwaseGrisi. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ubukho kunye nokuchaneka kwedatha kunokwahluka kuwo onke la maqonga, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlolisise ulwazi oluvela kwimithombo emininzi xa uqhuba uphando oluneenkcukacha okanye uhlalutyo kwidatha yorhwebo yamaGrike.

amaqonga B2b

EGrisi, kukho amaqonga eB2B aliqela anokuthi asetyenziswe ngamashishini ukunxibelelana, ukurhweba, kunye nokusebenzisana. Nanga amanye amaqonga eB2B abalulekileyo eGrisi kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. Ifandesi ye-elektroniki: -Iwebhusayithi: https://www.e-auction.gr/ - Eli qonga liyindawo yentengiso ye-intanethi apho abathengi ababhalisiweyo banokuthatha inxaxheba kwiifandesi ezahlukeneyo zokuthenga iimveliso kunye neenkonzo. 2. Abathengisi bamaGrike: -Iwebhusayithi: https://www.greekexporters.gr/ - Abathengisi bangaphandle baseGrike basebenza njengoluhlu olubanzi lwabavelisi baseGrike, ababoneleli, kunye nababoneleli ngeenkonzo abavuleleke kubuhlakani boshishino lwehlabathi. 3. Bizness.gr: -Iwebhusayithi: https://bizness.gr/ -I-Bizness.gr ibonelela ngeqonga kumashishini aseGrisi ukuba abonise iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zawo ngelixa enxibelelana namaqabane anokubakho okanye abathengi bobabini basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. 4. Uthungelwano loShishino lweHellas (HBN): -Iwebhusayithi: http://www.hbnetwork.eu/ - I-HBN yinethiwekhi yeshishini ekwi-intanethi eququzelela unxibelelwano phakathi koosomashishini baseGrike ngaphakathi kunye namaqabane aphesheya ngemisitho, iiforam, kunye namathuba entsebenziswano. 5. I-e-Procurement Platform yeCandelo loLuntu lamaGrike (diavgeia): -Iwebhusayithi: https://www.diavgeia.gov.gr/en/web/guest/home - I-Diavgeia liqonga le-e-procurement elisetyenziswa licandelo likarhulumente laseGreece ukwenza izinto elubala kwiinkqubo zokuthengwa kwempahla karhulumente, ibonelela ngomjelo kumashishini ukuba afikelele kwiithenda zikarhulumente kwaye athathe inxaxheba ekubhideni. 6. I-Hellenic Federation of Enterprises (SEV) iQonga leB2B: -Iwebhusayithi: http://kpa.org.gr/en/b2b-platform - I-SEV B2B Platform igxile ekuququzeleleni intsebenziswano phakathi kweenkampani ezingamalungu e-Hellenic Federation of Enterprises (SEV), ejolise ekukhuthazeni ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-ecosystem yeshishini lendawo. La maqonga anikezela ngamathuba awohlukeneyo kumashishini ukuba anxibelelane namaqabane anokubakho, aphonononge amathuba orhwebo, kwaye azibandakanye kwintengiselwano yeB2B kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba undwendwele iwebhusayithi yeqonga ngalinye ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neenkonzo zabo kunye nendlela abanokuxhasa ngayo iimfuno zeshishini lakho.
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