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Iimarike eziphambili
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Ilizwe jikelele
I-Indiya, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseIndiya, lilizwe laseMzantsi Asia elikwilizwekazi laseIndiya. Ekubeni inabemi abangaphezu kwe-1.3 lebhiliyoni, ililizwe lesibini ngokuba nabemi abaninzi ehlabathini yaye likwindawo yesixhenxe ngobukhulu ngokomhlaba. I-Indiya yabelana ngemida yayo namazwe aliqela kubandakanya iPakistan ukuya emantla-ntshona, iChina kunye neNepal ukuya emantla, iBhutan ukuya emantla-mpuma, kunye neBangladesh kunye neMyanmar ngasempuma. I-Indiya inenkcubeko eyahluka-hlukeneyo enamaqela angaphezu kwama-2,000 eentlanga ezahlukeneyo kunye neelwimi ezingaphezu kwe-1,600 ezithethwayo kumazwe ayo. IsiHindi nesiNgesi zamkelwa njengeelwimi ezisemthethweni kwinqanaba lesizwe. Eli lizwe linembali etyebileyo esusela kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. Yayilikhaya kwenye yezona mpucuko zindala kwimbali- impucuko yase-Indus Valley - eyaqala malunga nowama-2500 BCE. Ukutyhubela imbali yayo, iIndiya yabona amawakawaka obukhosi ephakama kwaye ewa ngaphambi kokuba athathwe ngamagunya ahlukeneyo aseYurophu eqala kubahloli bamaPhuthukezi ngenkulungwane ye-15. I-Indiya yafumana inkululeko kulawulo lwaseBhritane nge-15 ka-Agasti, ngo-1947 emva kweminyaka yomzabalazo owawukhokelwa ziinkokeli ezinombono ezifana noMahatma Gandhi. Yamkela umgaqo-siseko wedemokhrasi ngoJanuwari 1950 owawumisela njengeriphabliki yehlabathi. Namhlanje i-Indiya yaziwa ngedemokhrasi edlamkileyo ngonyulo olubanjwa rhoqo kuwo onke amanqanaba karhulumente. Ijongene nokukhula okukhawulezayo koqoqosho ukusukela ekukhululweni kwayo ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990 okukhokelela ekubeni ichazwe njengoqoqosho olukhulayo lwemalike. Ilizwe likwaqhayisa ngelifa lenkcubeko elimangalisayo eliboniswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa ezifana nomdaniso (Bharatnatyam, Kathakali), umculo (Hindustani classical), uncwadi (olusebenza nguRabindranath Tagore), ukutya (izidlo zengingqi ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-biryani) phakathi kwabanye. Nangona kunjalo, i-Indiya nayo ijongene nemingeni efana nokunciphisa intlupheko; ukuphuculwa kwemfundo; ukomelezwa kweziseko zoncedo lwezempilo njl. Nangona kunjalo iinzame zikarhulumente zijolise ekusombululeni le miba ekukhuleni okubandakanyayo kuwo onke amacandelo oluntu. Ukuqukumbela, iIndiya lilizwe elahlukileyo elinembali enebhongo, idemokhrasi edlamkileyo, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza koqoqosho, kunye nelifa lenkcubeko elibalulekileyo. Ngabemi bayo abaninzi kunye namandla anamandla kuwo onke amacandelo ahlukeneyo, iIndiya iyaqhubeka nokubumba ikamva lommandla waseMzantsi Asia kunye nehlabathi jikelele.
Imali yeSizwe
I-Indiya, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseIndiya, inemali yayo ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Indian Rupee (INR). IRupee yaseIndiya ikhutshwa kwaye ilawulwa yiBhanki enguVimba yaseIndiya, eliziko lebhanki elikumbindi welizwe elijongene nemigaqo-nkqubo yezemali. Isimboli ye-Indian Rupee yi- ₹ kwaye ichazwa yikhowudi yemali "INR". Yaziswa ngo-1540 AD ngexesha lolawulo lukaSher Shah Suri, le mali inembali ende. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, uhlaziyo olwahlukeneyo kunye notshintsho lwenziwe ukuphucula uzinzo nokhuseleko lwayo. Iimali zebhanki zaseIndiya ziza kwiimvaba ezahlukeneyo eziquka iRs.10, iRs.20, iRs.50, iRs.100, iRs.200, iRs.500, kunye neRs.2000 amanqaku asasazwayo ngoku. Ihlelo ngalinye libonisa abantu ababalaseleyo belifa lemveli laseIndiya kunye neempawu ezibalulekileyo kubo. Iingqekembe zemali zikwasetyenziswa njengeenkolo ezincinci ze-INR njengengqekembe ye-1 ye-rupee kunye neengqekembe zamaxabiso amancinci njenge-50 ipaise okanye isiqingatha se-rupee (nangona iingqekembe ezingaphantsi kwe-1 rupee zinqabile ngoku ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso). AmaIndiya asebenzisa imali ezinkozo kwimicimbi yemihla ngemihla; kunjalo, iindlela intlawulo electronic ezifana credit cards / debit card okanye wallets mobile ziye zafumana ukuthandwa ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba iIndiya lilizwe elikhulu elineenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neelwimi; ke ngoko, iilwimi ezahlukeneyo ezithethwa kwingingqi ezahlukeneyo zinokufumaneka kwezinye iimali ezibhanga imali ezibonisa umanyano phakathi kweyantlukwano. Lilonke, iRupee yaseIndiya idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuququzeleleni urhwebo ngaphakathi eIndiya ngelixa ikwamkelwa kumazwe ngamazwe ngeenjongo zotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle. Indiya.
Imali yokutshintsha
Imali esemthethweni yaseIndiya yiRupee yaseIndiya (INR). Ngokumalunga neereyithi zotshintshiselwano eziqikelelwayo ngeemali ezinkulu zehlabathi, nceda uqaphele ukuba zinokuhluka kwaye kusoloko kucetyiswa ukuba ubhekisele kumthombo othembekileyo wedatha yexesha lokwenyani. Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela ngoNovemba ka-2021, nantsi imilinganiselo yokutshintshiselana: - 1 US Dollar (USD) ≈ 75,5 INR - 1 Euro (EUR) ≈ 88.3 INR - 1 iBritish Pound Sterling (GBP) ≈ 105.2 INR - 1 Yen yaseJapan (JPY) ≈ 0.68 INR - 1 Canadian Dollar (CAD) ≈ 59.8 INR Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezi ntlawulo ziqikelelwa kuphela kwaye zinokuguquguquka ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana neemeko zemarike kunye neendlela zoqoqosho.
Iiholide ezibalulekileyo
I-Indiya lilizwe elahlukileyo elibhiyozela iminyhadala emininzi ebalulekileyo unyaka wonke. Le mithendeleko ibonisa ubutyebi belifa lenkcubeko kunye nokwahlukana kwenkolo yesizwe. Eminye yeminyhadala ebaluleke kakhulu eIndiya ibandakanya: 1. IDiwali - Ekwaziwa ngokuba nguMthendeleko wezibane, iDiwali yenye yeminyhadala ebhiyozelwa kakhulu eIndiya. Lufuzisela ukoyisa kokukhanya phezu kobumnyama kunye nokulungileyo phezu kobubi. Abantu bakhanyisa amakhaya abo ngezibane, iziqhushumbisi eziqhumayo, ukuphana izipho, yaye bazifica kwimibhiyozo. 2. IHoli - Eyaziwa ngokuba nguMthendeleko weMibala, iHoli ibonisa ukufika kwentwasahlobo eIndiya. Ebudeni balo mnyhadala udlamkileyo, abantu bagibiselana ngomgubo omibalabala namanzi ngelixa bedanisa kumculo wesintu. Imele uthando, ubuhlobo, kunye neziqalo ezintsha. 3. I-Eid-ul-Fitr - Ibhiyozelwa ngamaSilamsi kulo lonke elaseIndiya, i-Eid-ul-Fitr iphawula ukuphela kweRamadan (ixesha lenyanga lokuzila ukutya). Abazinikeleyo benza imithandazo kwiimosque, bandwendwela abahlobo kunye neentsapho betshintshiselana ngeelekese okanye izipho ukubhiyozela esi sihlandlo simnandi. 4. UGanesh Chaturthi - Lo mbhiyozo weentsuku ezili-10 zamaHindu uhlonipha iNkosi uGanesha - uThixo onentloko yendlovu enxulumene nobulumko kunye nokuchuma. Imifanekiso emele iNkosi uGanesha ifakwe kumakhaya okanye kwiindawo zikawonkewonke ukuze kunqulwe ngeentsuku ezilishumi ngaphambi kokuba ifakwe emanzini. I-5.Navratri/Durga Puja- Navratri (ethetha "ubusuku obusithoba") inikezelwe kuThixokazi uDurga ofuzisela amandla obufazi kunye namandla.Umbhiyozo ubandakanya iingoma zokuzinikela, umboniso womdaniso, kunye nokuzila ukutya okuthoba ubusuku obulandelelanayo obulandelwa yiVijayadashami, imini xa umfanekiso oqingqiweyo omele imikhosi yobubi (iDemon Ravana) utshiswe ebonisa ukoyisa ububi. Le yimizekelo nje embalwa kwiminyhadala emininzi ebhiyozelwa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo eIndiya. Imibhiyozo eyahlukeneyo ihlanganisa abantu abavela kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi kunye, bangqina ubunye babo phakathi kokungafani. ilizwe elimangalisayo.
Imeko yoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle
I-Indiya lilizwe elikhulu kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo ezikuMzantsi Asia. Lelinye lawona mazwe akhula ngokukhawuleza kwezoqoqosho, noqoqosho oluxubeneyo oluquka ezolimo, imizi-mveliso neenkonzo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-Indiya iye yafumana ukukhula okubonakalayo korhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngoku ithathwa njengomnye wabadlali abaphambili kwinkqubo yorhwebo yehlabathi. Umthamo wentengiso welizwe uphelele uxabisa malunga neebhiliyoni ezingama-855 zeedola ngo-2019. Izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zaseIndiya eziphambili ziquka iimveliso zepetroleum, amatye anqabileyo kunye nobucwebe, amalaphu kunye nempahla, iikhemikhali, amayeza, iimpahla zobunjineli, kunye neemveliso zolimo ezifana nerayisi neziqholo. I-Indiya iyaziwa ngomgangatho ophezulu wemizi-mveliso yelaphu yomqhaphu ngokunjalo. Kwelinye icala, iIndiya ingenisa iimpahla ezahlukeneyo ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zayo zasekhaya. Ezona zinto zithengiweyo zibandakanya i-petroleum kunye neemveliso ze-oyile ekrwada, izixhobo zombane ezifana nee-smartphones kunye neekhompyuter zehardware/izixhobo zesoftware ezifana nee-semiconductors njl.njl., oomatshini (kubandakanywa oomatshini bombane), amalahle/amanye amafutha aqinileyo (ikakhulukazi akrwada okanye acutshungulwayo), iikhemikhali/IMVELISO ZEMITHETHO (ngokufanayo. kwezinye izinto zombane) kunye neentsimbi ezixabisekileyo/isilivere/impahla yokusika phakathi kwezinye. Awona maqabane aphambili angenisa impahla ngaphandle yi-China ethatha malunga ne-14% yokungeniswa kwe-Indiya iyonke ngenxa yoomatshini/izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngabavelisi baseIndiya abasuka e-China ngelixa ilandelwa yi-USA & UAE. Ukomeleza urhwebo lwayo kwihlabathi liphela, kusayinwa izivumelwano zokurhweba ngokukhululekileyo yiIndiya kubandakanya izivumelwano namazwe afana neJapan / uMzantsi Korea / amazwe afanayo ukuze intsebenziswano phakathi kwamazwe amabini iphuculwe nto leyo eya kubanceda bobabini ngokwenkcubeko nangokwezoqoqosho ukubanceda ngokwemali okanye kulwazi olusekwe kulwazi. Ukwabelana ngobuchwephesha/ukhuseleko/ubugebenga bomkhosi/umlawuli-ubusela-ihashe/ukuzikhusela-okanye-ukudibana-ngokuchasene nobugrogrisi I-Afrika ibonelela ngamathuba amahle okwandisa ishishini/ukuthengisa ngaphandle-imisebenzi yokuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle ngenxa yobutyebi bayo obuninzi kodwa iimarike ezingasetyenziswanga eAfrika. kubandakanywa amazwe asemazantsi: uMzantsi Afrika/Nigeria njl Urhulumente ukwathathe amanyathelo afana nokuphunyezwa kweRhafu yeeMpahla neeNkonzo (GST) ukwenza lula iinkqubo zerhafu ezinceda ekuphuculeni ukwenza ushishino lula ne-Indiya. Ngaphaya koko, amanyathelo afana ne "Make in India" akhuthaza ukwenziwa kwemveliso yasekhaya kwaye atsale utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle. Lilonke, imeko yorhwebo yaseIndiya ibonisa indima ekhulayo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ilizwe lisaqhubeka nokugxila ekwandiseni ukuthunyelwa kwalo kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokwahluka amahlakani alo ezorhwebo ukuqinisekisa ukukhula koqoqosho oluzinzileyo.
Uphuhliso lweMakethi olunokubakho
I-Indiya, njengelinye loqoqosho olukhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi, inamandla amakhulu okuphuhlisa imarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Indawo yobuchule yeli lizwe ekudibaneni kweendlela zaseAsia kunye nemarike enkulu yasekhaya iyenza ibe yindawo enomtsalane kumashishini ehlabathi. I-Indiya inoluhlu lwamashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iinkonzo ze-IT, amayeza, amalaphu, ukwenziwa kweemoto, kunye nezolimo. La macandelo abonelela ngamathuba awoneleyo kubatyali-zimali bangaphandle ukuba bangene kwisiseko esikhulu sabathengi baseIndiya kunye nabasebenzi abanezakhono. Ukongeza, abantu abatsha baseIndiya abanomgangatho ophakathi okhulayo babonisa ikamva elincomekayo kwintengiso. Urhulumente uphumeze imigaqo-nkqubo eliqela ukukhuthaza ukwanda korhwebo lwangaphandle. Amanyathelo okuqala afana ne "Make in India" ajolise ekuphuculeni amandla okwenza izinto kwaye atsale utyalo-mali ngokwenza lula iinkqubo kunye nokudala imeko-bume elungele ishishini. Ukwaziswa kweRhafu yeeMpahla neeNkonzo (i-GST) ilungelelanise iinkqubo zokurhafiswa kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kuthungelwano lonikezelo lwangaphakathi. Ngaphaya koko, ukuqhubela phambili kwiziseko ezingundoqo zedijithali kuququzelele ukukhula kwe-e-commerce kuwo wonke amacandelo ahlukeneyo afana nokuthengisa, ukuhamba kunye nokwamkela iindwendwe, kunye neenkonzo zemali. Ukusetyenziswa okuxhaphakileyo kwee-smartphones kubangele imfuno yamaqonga okuthenga kwi-intanethi afana neAmazon India kunye neFlipkart. Ngaphezu koko, i-Indiya ibandakanyeka ngokukhutheleyo kubudlelwane boqoqosho lwengingqi ukwandisa amathuba ayo okuthunyelwa ngaphandle. Lilungu lesivumelwano se-ASEAN-India Free Trade Area (AIFTA) kunye neRegional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), edibanisa inxalenye ebalulekileyo yorhwebo lwehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwala mathemba athembisayo, imingeni ethile ihleli kubarhwebi bangaphandle abajonge ukungena kwimarike yaseIndiya. Imithetho entsonkothileyo efana nemithwalo yempahla engenayo ifuna ukwenziwa lula ngakumbi ukukhuthaza ukuhamba korhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Izikhewu kwiinkqubo zezothutho nazo zifuna ukulungiswa ukuze kube lula ukuhamba kakuhle kweempahla elizweni. Elokuqukumbela, ngemfuno yayo yasekhaya emandla eqhutywa lulutsha lwabantu kunye namanyathelo ohlukeneyo karhulumente ajolise ekunciphiseni ushishino; I-Indiaindia ibonelela ngamathuba amakhulu kubathengisi abafuna iimarike ezintsha. Ngaphandle kwemiqobo ethile ekufuneka yoyisiwe, amathuba avela kutyalo-mali kwimpahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle eIndiya mikhulu. Amashishini aphesheya kolwandle kufuneka avavanye ngononophelo amandla emarike yaseIndiya kwaye alungelelanise amaqhinga awo ukukhulisa amandla eIndiya okukhula korhwebo lwangaphandle lwexesha elide.
Iimveliso ezishushu ezithengiswayo kwimarike
Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni iimveliso ezidumileyo kwimakethi yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseIndiya, kukho iingqwalasela ezimbalwa eziphambili ezinokukunceda ukukhokela inkqubo yakho yokwenza izigqibo. Imakethi yaseIndiya iyaziwa ngesiseko sayo sabathengi abahlukeneyo kunye nezinto abazikhethayo ngokwenkcubeko, ngoko ke ukuziqhelanisa nezinto abazithandayo kubalulekile. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-Indiya inodidi oluphakathi olukhulayo kunye nokunyusa umvuzo olahlwayo. Oku kunika ithuba lokujolisa kwimarike ngeempahla zabathengi ezifikelelekayo kodwa ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Iimveliso ezinje ngombane, ii-smartphones, izixhobo zasekhaya, kunye neemveliso zokhathalelo lomntu zibone ukukhula okubonakalayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ukongeza, icandelo lokuthengisa lemveli laseIndiya lisadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwelizwe. Ke ngoko, ukukhetha iimveliso ezifanele ukuthengiswa ngokusebenzisa amajelo angaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi njengeevenkile ezincinci kunye neemarike zasekhaya kunokuba yinzuzo. Oku kunokubandakanya izinto zokutya ezifana neziqholo kunye neziqholo, amalaphu afana nempahla yesintu (iisareyi), imisebenzi yezandla efana nodongwe okanye iplanga, kunye neemveliso zobuhle bendalo. Elinye icandelo elikhulayo eIndiya lurhwebo lwe-elektroniki. Ngokunyuka kwamaqonga okuthenga kwi-Intanethi anje ngeAmazon.in kunye neFlipkart.com, ukukhetha izinto ezinokuthengiswa ngokulula ngala maqonga kubalulekile. Ezinye iindidi ezidumileyo ziquka izincedisi zefashoni (izacholo, iiwotshi), izihombisi zekhaya (izikhuselo zecushion, iitapestries), izongezo zezempilo/iivithamin, izixhobo zokuzilolonga/igiya (iimathi zeyoga), kunye nezixhobo zombane/izixhobo. Nangona kunjalo umntu kufuneka athathele ingqalelo imiqobo okanye imiceli mngeni enokubakho xa uthengisa iimpahla kurhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseIndiya. Njengokuba: I-1) Izithintelo zolwimi: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkcazo zemveliso ziguqulelwe ngokuchanekileyo kwiilwimi eziphambili zengingqi ziya kunceda imizamo yokuthengisa. 2) Ubuntununtunu benkcubeko: Ukuphepha iisimboli zenkolo okanye imifanekiso enokuthi ikhubekise abathengi. 3) ULungiselelo: Ukuqonda imigaqo/iinkqubo zokungenisa elizweni kunye nolawulo lwekhonkco lokubonelela kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwempahla ngempumelelo. 4) Ukhuphiswano lwengingqi: Phanda ngokucokisekileyo unikezelo lwabakhuphisanayo ukwahlula umgca wemveliso yakho ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuqukumbela "Ukudlala ngobukrelekrele" ngokuqaphela iindlela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo okuthengisa abandakanya zombini iivenkile zemveli kunye ne-e-commerce, ngelixa ukujongana nemiqobo enokubakho kunokuncedisa ekukhetheni iimveliso ezifunwa kakhulu kwimarike yorhwebo yangaphandle yaseIndiya.
Iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboo
I-Indiya lilizwe leyantlukwano enkulu kunye nobutyebi benkcubeko, obuchaphazela kakhulu iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboos. Ukuqonda le miba kubalulekile xa usebenzisana nabathengi baseIndiya. Okokuqala, abathengi baseIndiya baziwa ngokugxininisa kubudlelwane bomntu kunye nokuthembana. Bakhetha ukwenza ishishini nabantu ababaziyo okanye abo bathunyelwe kubo ngumntu abamthembileyo. Ukwakha unxibelelwano olomeleleyo lobuqu kunye nokuseka ukuthembana kubudlelwane kubalulekile kunxibelelwano oluyimpumelelo lweshishini eIndiya. Okwesibini, amaIndiya aneliso elibukhali lexabiso kwaye athande ukuba ngabathengi abangakhathali ngamaxabiso. Bahlala bephanda ngokubanzi ngaphambi kokuba benze isigqibo sokuthenga, bethelekisa amaxabiso kwiiplatifti ezahlukeneyo okanye kwiivenkile. Ukubonelela ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo okanye iinkonzo ezongezelelekileyo zinokutsala kakhulu abathengi baseIndiya. Ngaphaya koko, abathengi baseIndiya bayayixabisa ingqalelo yomntu ngamnye kunye nenkonzo ekumgangatho ophezulu. Ukubonelela ngezisombululo ezizimeleyo ezilungiselelwe iimfuno zabo ezithile kuya kuphucula amava omthengi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho i-taboos ethile ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa unxulumana nabathengi baseIndiya: 1. Kuphephe ukuxubusha imixholo enxulumene nenkolo okanye yezopolitiko ngaphandle kokuba umxhasi usungula ezo ncoko. 2. Ulumkele ulwimi lomzimba njengoko ezinye izijekulo ezithathwa njengentlonipho kwezinye iinkcubeko zinokukhubekisa eIndiya (umzekelo, ukukhomba iminwe). 3. Ungaze ukujongele phantsi ukubaluleka kokubamba ixesha njengoko amaIndiya exabisa ngokubanzi ukufika kwangexesha kwiimeko zobungcali. 4. Kubalulekile ukugcina umgangatho wokusesikweni ngexesha leentlanganiso zokuqala de kube kumiselwe ubudlelwane obutofotofo. 5. Kuphephe ukugxeka okanye ukuhlekisa ngezithethe zenkcubeko okanye izithethe ezithandwa kakhulu ngamaIndiya, njengoko oku kunokukhokelela ekukhubekiseni kwaye konakalise ubudlelwane bezoshishino. Ukuqukumbela, ukuqonda iimpawu ezizodwa zabathengi baseIndiya - njengokugxininisa kwabo kubudlelwane, ubuntununtunu bexabiso, ingqalelo kumgangatho wenkonzo - kunokuba negalelo elikhulu kunxibelelwano oluyimpumelelo kunye nabo ngelixa ukuphepha i-taboos enokubakho kukhuthaza unxibelelwano oluhle kunye nentsebenziswano ehlala ihleli phakathi kwamashishini asebenzisana nabathengi baseIndiya.
Inkqubo yolawulo lweCustoms
I-Indiya inenkqubo yolawulo lweziko elisekiweyo yokulawula nokulawula ukuhamba kwempahla kunye nabantu ukuwela imida yayo. Nantsi eminye imiba ephambili yenkqubo yolawulo lwezithethe zaseIndiya kunye namanqaku abalulekileyo ekufuneka eqwalaselwe: 1. Iinkqubo zeCustoms: Ekungeneni okanye ekuphumeni kweIndiya, abahambi kufuneka badlule kwiikhawunta zokufuduka ukuze bangene / baphume. Kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, abakhenkethi kufuneka bagcwalise ifomu ebonisa izinto abaziphetheyo nexabiso lazo. 2. Izinto eziThintelweyo neziThintelweyo: Izinto ezithile ezifana neziyobisi, iimveliso zezilwanyana zasendle, imipu, iimbumbulu, imali yomgunyathi, njl. njl., azivumelekanga ngokungqongqo eIndiya. Ukongeza, kukho izithintelo kwezinye izinto ezifana nobucwebe begolide kunye nesilivere ngaphaya komda othile ovumelekileyo. 3. Izibonelelo ezingahlawulelwayo: Abahambi abatyelela eIndiya banokuzisa izinto zomntu ezixabisa i-INR 50,000 ngaphandle kokungena nayiphi na intlawulo yempahla (ngokwemiqathango ethile). Kukho izibonelelo ezithile ezingahlawulelwayo zotywala kunye neemveliso zecuba ngokunjalo. 4. Umjelo oBomvu/Umjelo oLuhlaza: Emva kokuqokelela imithwalo etshekiweyo kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya/kwizikhululo zezibuko zaseIndiya, abakhweli baya kuba nokhetho phakathi kwejelo ‘eliBomvu’ (impahla ekufuneka ibhengezwe) okanye itshaneli ‘eLuhlaza’ (akukho nto yokubhengeza). Ukuba unezinto ezifunekayo/ezithintelweyo ezingaphezulu kwesibonelelo sakho esingahlawulelwayo okanye ukuba akuqinisekanga ngalo naluphi na ulwahlulo lwento/imithetho, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise ijelo eliBomvu. 5. IMimiselo yeMali: Ngelixa uhamba ukuya okanye ukuphuma eIndiya, akukho mda ekuziseni imali yangaphandle; nangona kunjalo isibhengezo sinyanzelekile kwizixa ezingaphezulu kwe-US $5,000 okanye elingana nayo nayiphi na enye imali. 6. Ukungeniswa kweMpahla/Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweMpahla: Impahla ethile ingafuna imvume kwabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo phambi kokuba ingeniswe elizweni/ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngenxa yeemfuneko zolawulo ezifana neemfuneko zelayisensi okanye ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokusingqongileyo. 7. Iinkqubo ezisesikweni zokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe: Kubalulekile kubantu bamanye amazwe abandwendwela eIndiya ukuba babe namaxwebhu okuhamba asemthethweni aquka iincwadana zokundwendwela ezinee-visa ezifanelekileyo ezikhutshwe ngoonozakuzaku baseIndiya/oonozakuzaku ngaphandle kokuba basuka kumazwe angenayo i-visa phantsi kwezivumelwano ezithile. Kubalulekile ukuhlonipha nokuthobela imimiselo yezithethe zaseIndiya ukuphepha naziphi na iingxaki zomthetho okanye izohlwayo zemali. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane nemithombo esemthethweni karhulumente waseIndiya okanye ufune isikhokelo kubaphathi bempahla, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ngolwazi oluchanekileyo noluhlaziyiweyo malunga neenkqubo kunye nemimiselo yolawulo lwamasiko.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu
I-Indiya inomgaqo-nkqubo obanzi werhafu ojolise ekukhuseleni imizi-mveliso yasekhaya nokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwemveliso yalapha ekhaya. Ilizwe limisela imirhumo kwiimpahla ezahlukeneyo ezithengwe kumazwe angaphandle ukuthintela ukungeniswa ngaphandle ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokugcina ulungelelwaniso lwezorhwebo olulungileyo. Imirhumo yaseIndiya yokungenisa elizweni ihlelwe ngokweendidi ezimbini eziphambili: umrhumo osisiseko wokuthenga izinto ngaphandle kwempahla elizweni (BCD) kunye nemisebenzi eyongezelelweyo. I-BCD ihlawuliswa kwiimpahla ezininzi ngokusekelwe kuhlelo lwazo kwi-Harmonized System of Nomenclature (HSN). Amaxabiso ayohluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemveliso, kunye namaxabiso asezantsi ezinto eziyimfuneko ezifana nokutya okusisiseko, iimveliso zempilo, kunye noomatshini abasetyenziswa kumacandelo aphambili. Ukongeza kwi-BCD, i-Indiya ikwamisela imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo efana ne-countervailing duty (CVD) kunye nomsebenzi okhethekileyo owongezelelweyo (SAD) kwiimeko ezithile. I-CVD isetyenziswa ekulinganiseni naluphi na uncedo lwenkxaso-mali olunikezelwa ngamanye amazwe olunokuthi lunike inzuzo engafanelekanga kwiimveliso zawo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. I-SAD ibekwe njengentlawulo eyongezelelweyo kwiimpahla ezithile ezichaziweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-Indiya ihlala ihlaziya ubume bayo berhafu ngokusebenzisa izibhengezo zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali okanye utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo. Amazinga eRhafu anokuba phantsi kokuguquguquka ngenxa yokutshintsha kweemeko zoqoqosho okanye izinto eziphambili kurhulumente. Urhulumente waseIndiya ukwakhuthaza izivumelwano zorhwebo ezahlukeneyo ezijolise ekunciphiseni amaxabiso ngamazwe okanye iibloko ezithile. Umzekelo, phantsi kwesivumelwano soMmandla woRhwebelwano oluKhululwa kuMazantsi e-Asiya okanye izivumelwano zorhwebo simahla kumazwe amabini namazwe athile, unyango olukhethekileyo lwerhafu lunokunikezelwa kwiimpahla ezichaziweyo. Lilonke, umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu wokungenisa elizweni waseIndiya ufuna ulungelelwaniso phakathi kokukhusela amashishini asekhaya ngelixa uqinisekisa ukuba abathengi bayafikelela kwiimveliso ezibalulekileyo zangaphandle. Ijolise ekukhuthazeni ukuzimela kumacandelo aphambili afana nezolimo, ezobuxhakaxhaka bombane kunye nelemveliso ngelixa ikhuthaza ukhuphiswano olufanelekileyo kwaye ikhuthaza ubudlelwane borhwebo bamazwe ngamazwe.
Iipolisi zerhafu ezithumela ngaphandle
I-Indiya iphumeze umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ngenjongo yokukhuthaza amashishini asekhaya kunye nokukhusela uqoqosho lwayo. Amazinga erhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo ayahluka ngokohlobo lwempahla yorhwebo. Ngokubanzi, izinto eziyimfuneko ezifana nokutya okuziinkozo, imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye namayeza zinerhafu ephantsi okanye azikho ngaphandle. Oku kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho unikezelo olwaneleyo lwezi zinto ngaphakathi elizweni. Kwelinye icala, izinto zodidi oluphezulu okanye iimveliso ezifunwa kakhulu kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe zinokutsalela iirhafu eziphezulu zokuthumela ngaphandle. Oku kwenzelwa ukutyhafisa ukuthunyelwa kwazo kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokuzigcina zifumaneka ukuze zisetyenziswe ekhaya. Ngaphaya koko, imathiriyeli ethile ekrwada iphantsi koMrhumo wokuThunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle ojolise ekutyhafiseni ukuthunyelwa kwazo kumazwe angaphandle kunye nokukhuthaza imizi-mveliso yemveliso yalapha ekhaya kusetyenziswa ezo mathiriyeli. Ukongeza, i-Indiya ikwamkele eminye imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo efana noMrhumo wokuNgenisa izinto ngaphandle kunye neRhafu yeeMpahla kunye neeNkonzo (i-GST) enokuthi ichaphazele ngokungangqalanga ubume bamaxabiso ezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Le migaqo-nkqubo ijolise ekukhuseleni imizi-mveliso yaseIndiya ngokwenza iimpahla ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle zibe nexabiso eliphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nezo ziveliswe ekhaya. Kubalulekile kumashishini ajonge ukuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle eIndiya ukuba ahlale ehlaziywa ngemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente njengoko enokutshintshwa ngamaxesha athile ngokusekelwe kwizinto zoqoqosho kunye nezivumelwano zorhwebo nezinye izizwe. Lilonke, umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu waseIndiya kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ujolise ekwandiseni imizi-mveliso yasekhaya ngelixa igcina unikezelo olwaneleyo lweemveliso ezibalulekileyo ngaphakathi elizweni. Amashishini asebenza kweli candelo kufuneka abeke iliso elibukhali kulo naluphi na utshintsho kwimimiselo yerhafu enxulumene nodidi lwemveliso ethile.
Iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle
I-Indiya, ilizwe elikhula ngokukhawuleza eliseMzantsi Asia, yaziwa ngoqoqosho lwayo olwahlukeneyo kunye nelifa lenkcubeko etyebileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwavela njengomdlali ophambili kwibala lorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokuthunyelwa kwayo ngaphandle kunye nokukhuthaza ukuzithemba kwabathengi, iIndiya igxininisa kwisatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle. Isatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle eIndiya sibandakanya imiba eyahlukeneyo yomgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Ezi ziqinisekiso zisebenza njengobungqina bokuba iimveliso zaseIndiya ziyayifezekisa imigangatho efunekayo ebekwe ngamazwe angenisa ngaphandle. Esinye sezatifiketi ezibalulekileyo zokuthumela ngaphandle sisiqinisekiso se-ISO. I-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) ibeka imigangatho yehlabathi yeemveliso, iinkonzo, kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ukuthembeka kunye nomgangatho. Ukufumana isatifikethi se-ISO kunceda abathengisi bangaphandle baseIndiya babonise ukuzibophelela kwabo ekugqweseni kwaye bathobele imigangatho eyaziwayo kumazwe ngamazwe. Ukongeza, abathengisi bangaphandle baseIndiya abafuna ukufikelela kwimarike ngakumbi eYurophu kufuneka bafumane uphawu lweCE. Ukumakishwa kwe-CE kubonisa ukuba imveliso iyahambelana neemfuno zezempilo ze-European Union okanye zokusingqongileyo ukuba ziyasebenza. Iqinisekisa ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu e-EU ngokususa imiqobo yobugcisa kurhwebo. Ngokubhekiselele kurhwebo oluthunyelwa ngaphandle kwezolimo oluvela e-Indiya, i-APEDA (i-Agricultural & Processed Food Products Export Authority) ibonelela ngeenkqubo zoqinisekiso phantsi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nesiqinisekiso sokulima okuphilayo okanye ukuthotyelwa kwesicwangciso sokuhlola intsalela. Ezi ziqinisekiso ziqinisekisa abarhwebi abaphuma kumazwe angaphandle ngokhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo emalunga nezenzo zokuvelisa ukutya. Ngaphezu koko, iBureau yeMigangatho yaseIndiya (BIS) iqinisekisa iimpahla ezenziweyo ngokusekwe kwiMigangatho ethile yaseIndiya (IS). Uqinisekiso lwe-BIS luqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zizalisekisa iimfuno ezibalulekileyo ezinjengokhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuqina phambi kokuba zithunyelwe kumazwe angaphandle. I-Indiya iphinda ilandele imilinganiselo ye-phytosanitary echazwe yi-International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC). Izatifikethi zePhytosanitary ziqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ezisekelwe kwizityalo ezifana neziqhamo okanye imifuno ziye zahlolwa ngokuyimfuneko ngeenjongo zokulawula izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo ziqinisekisa ukuba azinazifo phambi kokuba zithunyelwe kumazwe angaphandle. Ukuqukumbela, inkqubo yokufumana izatifikethi zokuthumela ngaphandle eIndiya ibandakanya ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo emininzi enxulumene nokubekwa emgangathweni, ukhuseleko, kunye nokukhuselwa kwabathengi.Ngenxa yoko, iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo ezivela eIndiya zifumana ukuthembela, ukonyusa ukuthengiswa, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukufikelela kakuhle kwiimarike zehlabathi.
Ulungiselelo lolungiselelo olucetyiswayo
IIndiya lilizwe elaziwa ngeenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, imbali etyebileyo, kunye nezithethe ezidlamkileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-Indiya iye yenza inkqubela ephawulekayo kwinkalo yezothutho kunye nezothutho. Nazi ezinye iinkonzo ezicetyiswayo zolungiselelo kunye neendlela eIndiya: 1. Uthutho lwendlela: Njengeyona ndlela yothutho esetyenziswa kakhulu eIndiya, izithuthi ezindleleni zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwicandelo lolungiselelo lwelizwe. Urhulumente waseIndiya ugxile ekuphuculeni iziseko zendlela, okukhokelela kunxibelelwano olungcono kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. 2. Umzila kaloliwe: I-Indian Railways yenye yothungelwano olukhulu lukaloliwe kwihlabathi kwaye ibonelela ngendlela esebenzayo yothutho lomthwalo. Igubungela umhlaba obanzi kwilizwe liphela kwaye ibonelela ngezisombululo ezineendleko zokuthutha iimpahla. 3. Umthwalo womoya: Ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwe-e-commerce kunye nokudityaniswa kwehlabathi, imithwalo yomoya iye yafumana ukuvelela kushishino lwezothutho lwaseIndiya. Izikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezinkulu zamazwe aphesheya njengeMumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore ziindawo eziphambili zokuthutha iimpahla zomoya. 4. Ukuhanjiswa kweenqanawa ngaselunxwemeni: Kunikwe unxweme olude kunye namazibuko amakhulu afana ne-Chennai Port Trust kunye ne-Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT), iinqanawa zaselunxwemeni zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kurhwebo lwangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwimimandla yonxweme yaseIndiya. Iinkonzo ze-5.Warehousing: Ngokunyuka kwemfuno yeendawo zokugcina ezicwangcisiweyo ngenxa yokuguquka kweemfuno zekhonkco lokubonelela, iindawo zokugcina iimpahla zanamhlanje ziye zavela njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwe-logistics ngaphakathi kwe-Indiya. I-6.Ukwamkelwa kobuchwephesha: Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ngakumbi, iinkampani ze-Indian logistics ziye zamkela izisombululo zeteknoloji ezifana neenkqubo zokulandela umkhondo usebenzisa i-GPS okanye izixhobo ze-IoT ukubonelela ngohlaziyo lwexesha lokwenyani ekuthunyelweni. I-7.Iqela lesithathu ababoneleli (3PL): Aba baboneleli ngenkonzo banikezela ngezisombululo zokugqibela zolungiselelo olubandakanya ukulungiswa koluhlu lwempahla; ukuzaliseka komyalelo; indawo yokugcina impahla; ukuhanjiswa ukususwa ozenzele kona; ukupakishwa phakathi kwabanye. 8.Inkonzo yonikezelo lweemayile zokugqibela - Iinkampani ezifana neDelhivery okanye i-Ecom Express zisebenza ngokukhethekileyo kwizisombululo zokuhanjiswa kweemayile zokugqibela eziqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okukhawulezayo ukusuka kwiindawo zokugcina okanye kumaziko okuhambisa ngokuthe ngqo kwiminyango yabathengi. Ushishino lwezothutho lwaseIndiya luyaqhubeka nokuvela ngokukhawuleza ngeenzame eziqhubekayo zokuphucula iziseko zophuhliso, ukwamkela ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwekhonkco lonikezelo. Ezi zindululo zingentla zibonisa ubume bangoku kunye neendlela eziqhuba icandelo lezothutho eIndiya ngelixa sibonelela ngeemfuno ezahlukeneyo zamashishini.`,
Imijelo yophuhliso lwabathengi

Imiboniso yorhwebo ebalulekileyo

India is a country with a diverse and vibrant economy, attracting international buyers from around the world. The country has several important international sourcing channels and trade shows that serve as platforms for business development and networking opportunities. Let's explore some of them. 1. India International Trade Fair (IITF): This annual event held in New Delhi is one of the largest trade fairs in India. It attracts national and international buyers from various sectors, including manufacturing, consumer goods, textiles, and electronics. With over 6,000 exhibitors showcasing their products and services, IITF offers an excellent opportunity for global procurement. 2. Auto Expo: As one of Asia's largest automotive component exhibitions held in New Delhi every two years, Auto Expo attracts major international automobile manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, and buyers looking to source high-quality products from India's automotive industry. 3. Texworld India: This textile industry trade show features the latest trends in fabrics, apparel accessories,and home textiles.It serves as an important platform for sourcing fabrics not only within India but also internationally.It brings together manufacturers,suppliers,and exporters to showcase their products to potential global buyers. 4. Indian Pharma Expo: As a rapidly growing pharmaceutical market globally,the Indian Pharma Expo provides an ideal platform for pharma companies to exhibit their product range across various categories such as generics,nutraceuticals,critical care,and more.This exhibition aims at showcasing India’s innovation,potentialities,talent,and product discovery capabilities.The event creates opportunities for interaction between domestic manufacturers,firms abroad,research & development( R&D) centers,business delegations,distributors,supply chain experts across multiple verticals.The show further enables exploring alliances & collaborations worldwide by connecting businesses globally through focused buyer-seller meetups,event tours,outbound investments,Etc. 5. Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit: Gujarat State hosts this biennial summit which showcases investment opportunities across various sectors ranging from manufacturing,hospitality,tourism,and more.It provides a platform for global companies to interact with business leaders,policy makers,investors,and thought leaders.The summit facilitates networking opportunities and aids international procurement strategies by connecting buyers and sellers worldwide. 6. Buyer-Seller Meets: Various industry-specific buyer-seller meets are organized across different cities in India.These events focus on specific sectors such as engineering,IT,bio-technology,textiles,gems & jewelry,agriculture,etc.Organized by government bodies as well as industry associations,these platforms bring together key stakeholders from various industries and facilitate B2B meetings between buyers from around the world and Indian suppliers. 7. E-commerce Platforms: In recent years,e-commerce has been playing a significant role in international sourcing.E-commerce platforms like Alibaba,B2B portals like IndiaMART,and government initiatives such as the National E-Governance Plan have made it easier for international buyers to connect with Indian suppliers.Additionally,various online sourcing directories,live chat support,supplier verification services are available to streamline the procurement process. In conclusion,the above-mentioned examples are just a few of the important international sourcing channels and trade shows available in India.There are many other sector-specific exhibitions,buyer-seller meets,and e-commerce platforms that cater to various industries.Be sure to research specific sectors of interest for targeted procurement opportunities within India.
EIndiya, ezona njini zokukhangela ziqhele ukusetyenziswa ziquka uGoogle, iBing, iYahoo!, kunye neDuckDuckGo. Ezi njini zokukhangela zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngabemi baseIndiya ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokukhangela kwiwebhu, ukufumana ulwazi, kunye nokuthenga kwi-intanethi. Nazi iiwebhusayithi zabo: 1. Google: www.google.co.in UGoogle ngokungathandabuzekiyo yeyona njini yokukhangela idumileyo hayi eIndiya kuphela kodwa kwihlabathi liphela. Ibonelela ngesalathiso esibanzi samaphepha ewebhu kunye nezinye iimpawu ezinjengokukhangela imifanekiso, iimephu, amanqaku eendaba, nokunye okuninzi. 2. I-Bing: www.bing.com I-Bing yinjini yokukhangela yakwaMicrosoft ebonelela ngojongano olubonakalayo olunomtsalane kunye neziphumo zophando ezifanelekileyo. Ikwadibanisa iimpawu ezifana nokukhangela umfanekiso kunye nokubonwa kwangaphambili kwevidiyo. 3. Yahoo!: in.yahoo.com Yahoo! ibilukhetho oludumileyo phakathi kwabasebenzisi baseIndiya ixesha elide ngoku ngenxa yoluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo ezibandakanya i-imeyile, uhlaziyo lweendaba, iinkcukacha zemali, njalo njalo, ngaphandle komsebenzi wokukhangela. 4. DuckDuckGo: duckduckgo.com IDuckDuckGo yaziwa ngokugxininisa ubumfihlo babasebenzisi ngelixa inikezela ngeziphumo ezifanelekileyo ngaphandle kokulandela umkhondo okanye ukugcina ulwazi lomntu njengezinye iinjini zokukhangela eziqhelekileyo. Ezi zine zezinye zeenjini zokukhangela ezaziwayo nezisetyenziswa rhoqo eIndiya; nangona kunjalo, kusenokubakho ezinye ezikhoyo ngokunjalo ngokuxhomekeke kukhetho lomntu.

Amaphepha amakhulu atyheli

E-Indiya, kukho uluhlu lwezalathisi zamaphepha atyheli ezidumileyo zabantu kunye namashishini ukufumana ulwazi loqhagamshelwano, iinkonzo, kunye neemveliso. Nazi ezinye zezalathisi eziphambili zamaphepha amthubi eIndiya kunye needilesi zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-Justdial (www.justdial.com): I-Justdial yenye yeenjini ezinkulu zokukhangela zasekhaya eIndiya. Ibonelela ngolwazi kumashishini ahlukeneyo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ezifana neendawo zokutyela, iihotele, izibhedlele, abatywini, abasebenza ngombane, njl. 2. I-Sulekha (www.sulekha.com): I-Sulekha lolunye uvimba weefayili obalaseleyo we-intanethi onika uluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo kunye noluhlu lwamashishini olusekelwe kwizixeko kunye neendidi. Abasebenzisi banokufumana ulwazi olunxulumene ne-real estate, amaziko emfundo, ababoneleli bezempilo, abaququzeleli beminyhadala, njl. 3. IYellow Pages India (www.yellowpagesindia.net): Yellow Pages India ibonelela ngoluhlu lwamashishini abanzi kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo kwilizwe lonke. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukukhangela amashishini ngodidi okanye indawo. 4. I-Indiamart (www.indiamart.com): I-Indiamart yindawo yentengiso ye-intanethi edibanisa abathengi kunye nababoneleli kumashishini ahlukeneyo afana noomatshini kunye nezixhobo, iingubo kunye nabavelisi bempahla, ababoneleli bempahla ye-elektroniki njl.njl. Ngaphandle kokubonelela ngeenkcukacha zemveliso kunye neeprofayile zenkampani, I-Indiamart ikwasebenza njengoluhlu lwamaphepha atyheli. 5. TradeIndia (www.tradeindia.com): Iyafana ne-Indiamart, I-TradeIndia yenye indawo yentengiso eyaziwayo ye-B2B e-Indiya edibanisa abathengi kunye nabathengisi abavela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo kubandakanya iimveliso zoshishino ezifana noomatshini, iikhemikhali njl., iimpahla zombane kunye ne-electronics njl. 6.Google iShishini Lam (https://www.google.co.in/business/): Ishishini lam likaGoogle linceda amashishini aseIndiya abe nobukho be-intanethi ngokuwalawula uluhlu lwamashishini kwiiMephu zikaGoogle kunye nezinye izicelo zikaGoogle. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bazifumane ngokulula xa bekhangela iinkonzo ezithile okanye iimveliso. Ezi webhusayithi zibonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kubathengi abafuna iinkonzo ezifanelekileyo okanye iimveliso zasekhaya ngaphakathi kwezixeko ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke elaseIndiya. Qaphela: Ngelixa aba balawuli bethandwa kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuwela-ireferensi kwaye uqinisekise ulwazi olunikezelweyo lokuthembeka kunye nokuchaneka.

Amaqonga amakhulu orhwebo

I-Indiya lilizwe elahlukileyo elinecandelo le-e-commerce elikhula ngokukhawuleza. Nanga amanye amaqonga amakhulu e-e-commerce eIndiya: 1. Flipkart - www.flipkart.com I-Flipkart lelinye lawona maqonga makhulu kwaye adumileyo e-e-commerce eIndiya. Inika uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso, kubandakanya i-elektroniki, ifashoni, izixhobo zasekhaya, iincwadi, nokunye. 2. Amazon India - www.amazon.in I-Amazon ingene kwimarike yaseIndiya ngo-2013 kwaye ifumene ukutsalwa okubalulekileyo ukusukela ngoko. Iqonga libonelela ngokhetho olubanzi lweemveliso kunye neendlela zokuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza. 3. I-Paytm Mall - paytmmall.com I-Paytm Mall yinxalenye ye-ecosystem ye-Paytm kwaye ibonelela ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-elektroniki, ifashoni, izinto zokuhombisa ikhaya, igrosari, njl. 4. Snapdeal - www.snapdeal.com I-Snapdeal yaqala njengeqonga leentengiso zemihla ngemihla kodwa ngoku iye yanda ukuze ibe yenye yezona ndawo ziphambili zentengiso kwi-Intanethi eIndiya kwiimveliso ezininzi. 5. Myntra - www.myntra.com I-Myntra igxile kwiimveliso zefashoni kunye nendlela yokuphila yamadoda, abafazi kunye nabantwana. Ibonelela ngempahla, izincedisi ezivela kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neengcebiso zomntu. 6. Jabong - www.jabong.com Ngokufana neMyntra, iJabong igxile ikakhulu kwisinxibo sefashoni yamadoda nabasetyhini ababonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi olusuka kwiimpawu zelizwe kunye nezamazwe ngamazwe. 7. Iindlela zokuthenga - www.shopclues.com I-ShopClues ijolise kubathengi abafuna izivumelwano zexabiso lemali kwiindidi zeemveliso ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezinto zombane ezifana nee-smartphones okanye iilaptops kunye nefenitshala yasekhaya nokunye. 8 . Ibhasikiti enkulu- bigbasket.com IBigBasket lelona qonga liphambili laseIndiya legrosari ehambisa iziqhamo kunye nemifuno kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zasekhaya emnyango wakho. 9 . Grofers- grofers.com I-Grofers lelinye iqonga le-e-grocery elidumileyo elibonelela ngeegrosari ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo ngqo emnyango wakho ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya, nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlaba we-e-commerce eIndiya uyaguquguquka kwaye kukho abadlali abatsha abahlala bevela kwaye besandisa ukufikelela kwabo.

Amaqonga amakhulu eendaba zoluntu

I-Indiya inommandla otyebileyo nowahlukeneyo wemidiya yoluntu. Nanga amanye amaqonga eendaba ezentlalo adumileyo eIndiya kunye nee-URL zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. Facebook - https://www.facebook.com I-Facebook lelona qonga lisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimidiya yoluntu eIndiya, elidibanisa abantu kwilizwe liphela ngeeprofayili, amaqela kunye namaphepha. 2. Twitter - https://twitter.com I-Twitter ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba babelane ngemiyalezo, ebizwa ngokuba zii-tweets, kunye nabalandeli babo. Liqonga elidumileyo lokuvakalisa izimvo kunye nokuhlala uhlaziywa ngeendaba kunye neendlela. 3. Instagram - https://www.instagram.com I-Instagram igxile ekwabelaneni ngeefoto kunye neevidiyo. Ifumene ukuthandwa okukhulu eIndiya njengeqonga lokubalisa amabali okubonwayo kunye nabaphembeleli. 4. LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com I-LinkedIn ngokuyintloko yindawo yokunxibelelana yobuchwephesha apho abantu banokubonisa izakhono zabo, banxibelelane nabalingane kunye neengcali zeshishini, kwaye bafumane amathuba emisebenzi. 5. YouTube - https://www.youtube.com IYouTube liqonga lokwabelana ngevidiyo elisetyenziswa kakhulu ngamaIndiya ukonwatyiswa, umxholo ofundisayo, iividiyo zomculo, iiresiphi zokupheka, uhlaziyo lweendaba, iivlogs, nokunye. 6. WhatsApp - https://www.whatsapp.com I-WhatsApp lusetyenziso lomyalezo olukhawulezileyo olusetyenziswa kakhulu ngamaIndiya ukunxibelelana nabahlobo, amalungu osapho, oosomashishini anxulumana nabo. 7. SnapChat - https://www.snapchat.com/ I-Snapchat yenza abasebenzisi babambe amaxesha ngeefoto okanye iividiyo ezimfutshane ezinyamalalayo emva kokujongwa.Kutsha nje, iye yafumana ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kolutsha lwaseIndiya. 8.TikTok-https;"); I-TikTok ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba benze iividiyo ezimfutshane ezisetiwe kumculo. Ukwabelana ngezi kliphu zoyilo nabanye kukhuthaza unxibelelwano phakathi kwabasebenzisi. EIndiya, i-tiktok iye yaduma kakhulu ngakumbi phakathi kwabakwishumi elivisayo nabaselula. Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba olu luhlu lungentla lumele kuphela ezinye zezona ndawo zixhaphakileyo zemidiya yoluntu e-India.Kunokubakho ezinye iiplatifomu ze-niche ezikhethekileyo kubaphulaphuli baseNdiya ngokunjalo.

Imibutho emikhulu yoshishino

I-Indiya inemibutho eliqela edumileyo yoshishino edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni nasekumeleni amacandelo ahlukeneyo oqoqosho. Nantsi eminye yemibutho ephambili yoshishino eIndiya kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. I-Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) - www.cii.in - I-CII yinkulumbuso yombutho wamashishini eIndiya, emele amashishini kumacandelo afana nelemveliso, iinkonzo kunye nezolimo. 2. I-Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) - www.ficci.com - I-FICCI ngomnye weyona mibutho inkulu yoshishino eIndiya, ekhuthaza amashishini kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana norhwebo, urhwebo, kunye neenkonzo. 3. Imibutho eDityanisiweyo yoRhwebo kunye noShishino (ASSOCHAM) - www.assocham.org - I-ASSOCHAM ngumbutho wezorhwebo ophambili osekelwe eDelhi omele amashishini afana neebhanki, ezemali, iteknoloji, ezolimo kunye nokhenketho. 4. Umbutho weSizwe weSoftware kunye neeNkampani zeeNkonzo (NASSCOM) - www.nasscom.in - I-NASSCOM ngumbutho wezorhwebo omele icandelo le-IT-BPM eIndiya kwaye usebenza ekukhuthazeni ukhuphiswano lwehlabathi kwimibutho yaseIndiya. 5. I-Indian Pharmaceutical Alliance (IPA) - www.ipa-india.org -I-IPA iquka iinkampani zonyango ezisekelwe kuphando zikazwelonke ezigxile ekuthetheleleni umgaqo-nkqubo ukuze kufikeleleke kwizisombululo zokhathalelo lwempilo olufikelelekayo. 6. I-Automotive Component Manufacturers Association of India (ACMA) - www.acma.in -I-ACMA imele abavelisi ababandakanyekayo ekuveliseni amacandelo e-aftermarket yeemoto ezibandakanya amavili amabini, izithuthi zorhwebo kunye nezithuthi zabakhweli. 7. Umanyano lweMibutho yabaPhuhlisi bezindlu zaseIndiya (CREDAI) – credai.org -ICREDAI imele abaphuhlisi bezindlu nezindlu kulo lonke elaseIndiya elijolise ekukhuthazeni iindlela zokuziphatha kunye nokuphucula ukungafihli ngaphakathi kwishishini. 8. I-All India Plastics Manufacturers' Association (AIPMA)- https://www.aipma.net/ - I-AIPMA ikhuthaza amashishini anxulumene neplastiki ngokuququzelela uthungelwano, ukwabelana ngolwazi, kunye nokukhuthaza izenzo ezinoxanduva lokusingqongileyo. Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yemibutho eyahlukeneyo yoshishino eIndiya. Amacandelo awohlukeneyo anemibutho yawo ethile esebenzela ukukhula nophuhliso lwamashishini awo.

Iiwebhusayithi zeshishini kunye norhwebo

I-Indiya luqoqosho olukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-hub kumashishini amaninzi. Nazi ezinye zeewebhusayithi ezibalaseleyo zoqoqosho kunye nezorhwebo eIndiya kunye neeURL zewebhusayithi yazo: 1. UMphathiswa wezoRhwebo noShishino: Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeSebe lezoRhwebo noShishino likarhulumente waseIndiya ibonelela ngolwazi ngemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo, amathuba otyalo-mali, kunye neenkcukacha-manani zorhwebo zangaphandle. iwebhusayithi: www.commerce.gov.in 2. I-Reserve Bank yaseIndiya (i-RBI): I-RBI yibhanki ephakathi ejongene nomgaqo-mali kunye nokulawulwa kwamaziko emali e-Indiya. Iwebhusayithi yabo inikezela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseIndiya, imimiselo yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle, kunye nezikhokelo zotyalo-mali. umthombo: www.rbi.org.in 3. I-Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI): I-FICCI yenye yemibutho emikhulu yoshishino e-Indiya ekhuthaza umdla woshishino kwaye iququzelele intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe. umthombo: www.ficci.com 4. I-Confederation Of Indian Industry (CII): I-CII ijolise ekudaleni imeko-bume evumela amashishini ngokubhengezwa komgaqo-nkqubo, uphando lwezoshishino, kunye namaqonga onxibelelwano. umthombo: www.cii.in 5. IBhanki ye-Exim-Import yaseIndiya (iBhanki ye-EXIM): IBhanki ye-EXIM ixhasa ukuthunyelwa kwemveliso yaseIndiya ngokubonelela ngoncedo lwemali kubathumeli bangaphandle ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zetyala lokuthumela ngaphandle. iwebhusayithi: www.eximbankindia.in 6. Tyala i-Indiya: Ngumbutho ophantsi kweSebe lokuKhuthaza uShishino noRhwebo lwaNgaphakathi oncedisa abatyali-zimali behlabathi ekusekeni amashishini e-Indiya. umthombo: https://www.investindia.gov.in/ 7. Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI): I-SEBI ilawula iimarike ze-securities eziquka utshintshiselwano lwe-stock e-Indiya, iqinisekisa izenzo ezifanelekileyo kubatyali-mali ngelixa ikhuthaza ukukhula kweemarike. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.sebi.gov.in 8.UMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi – Ulwazi ngoRhafu kunye neMigangatho yoRhwebo yeeMpahla neeNkonzo I-WTO inikezela ngolwazi malunga neerhafu ezibekwe kwiimpahla ezingena kumazwe ahlukeneyo kuquka nezo zisetyenziswa ngamaqabane orhwebo koogxa babo borhwebo. umthombo: https://www.wto.org/

Iiwebhusayithi zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zemibuzo yorhwebo ekhoyo eIndiya. Nantsi imizekelo embalwa: 1. ICandelo Jikelele loRhwebo lwaNgaphandle (i-DGFT) - Le yiwebhusayithi esemthethweni karhulumente ebonelela ngedatha yorhwebo egcweleyo, kubandakanywa amanani okungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle aseIndiya. Iwebhusayithi ikwabonelela ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkonzo zokuququzelela urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. umthombo: http://dgft.gov.in 2. IBhanki yeDatha yokuThunyela ngaphandle (i-IEC) - Le portal ye-intanethi ibonelela ngokufikelela kwiinkcukacha zokuthumela ngokwesiko, idatha yembali, kunye neenkcukacha-manani zokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-Indiya. Iwebhusayithi ivumela abasebenzisi ukukhangela ngemveliso okanye igama lenkampani ukufumana ulwazi oluthile olunxulumene norhwebo. umthombo: https://www.iecindia.org 3. Imephu yoRhwebo-Iphuhliswe liZiko loRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (ITC), eli qonga libonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwedatha yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kuquka neIndiya. Abasebenzisi banokufikelela kwiinkcukacha-manani zokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokungenisa kumazwe angaphandle kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kunye neengxelo zohlalutyo lwemarike. umthombo: https://www.trademap.org 4. I-Indian Trade Portal - Elawulwa yi-Federation of Indian Export Organisations (FIEO), le webhusayithi isebenza njengeqonga elilodwa labarhwebi kunye nabathumela ngaphandle eIndiya. Ibonelela ngolwazi olunxulumene norhwebo olufana neentsingiselo zemarike, imigaqo-nkqubo, iinkqubo, iirhafu, kwaye ikwabonelela ngokufikelela kumaqonga omthengi-umthengisi wehlabathi. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: https://www.indiantradeportal.in I-5.Export Genius- Eli qonga elihlawulweyo linikezela ngexesha langempela lokuthumela ngaphandle-idatha evela kwimithombo emininzi e-Indiya, inika iinkcukacha ezibanzi malunga nokuthunyelwa kubandakanywa namaxabiso, amanani athengiswayo phakathi kwamazwe anolwazi lomthengisi / umthengi. umthombo: https://www.exportgenius.in Ezi webhusayithi zinokusetyenziselwa ukufumana kwakhona ulwazi oluluncedo malunga nemisebenzi yorhwebo yaseIndiya kwaye incede ekwenzeni izigqibo zoshishino ezisekelwe kulwazi lwamanani olunikeziweyo malunga nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle okwenziwa lilizwe. Nceda uqaphele ukuba kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqinisekise ubunyani bayo nayiphi na iwebhusayithi enikiweyo phambi kokuba uyisebenzisele iinjongo zoshishino ezinovakalelo

amaqonga B2b

I-Indiya inamaqonga e-B2B aliqela asetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwintengiselwano kwishishini ukuya kwishishini. Nalu uluhlu lwamaqonga athile abalulekileyo kunye nee-URL zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-IndiaMART (https://www.indiamart.com): I-IndiaMART yenye yeemarike ezinkulu ze-B2B e-Indiya, idibanisa abathengi kunye nabathengisi kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo. 2. I-TradeIndia (https://www.tradeindia.com): I-TradeIndia ibonelela ngeqonga elibanzi ukuze amashishini aqhagamshelane, arhwebe, kwaye andise ukufikelela kwawo kumacandelo awohlukeneyo. 3. I-ExportersIndia (https://www.exportersindia.com): I-Exportersindia.com): I-Exportersindia igxile ekukhuthazeni abathengisi bangaphandle baseNdiya kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ngokubonelela ngeqonga lokubonisa iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zabo. 4. I-Alibaba yaseIndiya (https://www.alibaba.com/countrysearch/IN/india.html): I-Alibaba, indawo yentengiso yehlabathi jikelele ye-B2B, ikwanecandelo elizinikeleyo lababoneleli kunye nabathengi baseIndiya apho banokurhweba khona kumazwe ngamazwe. 5. I-Justdial (https://www.justdial.com): Nangona yaziwa ngokuba yi-injini yokukhangela yasekhaya, i-Justdial ikwasebenza njengeqonga le-B2B ngokudibanisa amashishini kunye nabathengi abanokubakho kumashishini ahlukeneyo. 6. Ukuthengwa kweshishini (https://www.industrybuying.com): Ukuthengwa kweshishini kugxile ekuboneleleni ngeemveliso zoshishino kunye nezixhobo ngendawo yayo yentengiso ye-intanethi kumashishini akumacandelo ahlukeneyo. 7. I-Power2SME (https://www.power2sme.com): Ilungiselelwe amashishini amancinci naphakathi (ii-SMEs), i-Power2SME ibonelela ngeqonga lokuthenga ngekhompyutha elenza ukuba amashishini akwazi ukufumana imathiriyeli ekrwada ngokuthenga isambuku ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo. 8. I-OfBusiness (https://ofbusiness.com): I-OfBusiness ijolise ekwenzeni lula ukuthengwa kweshishini ngokunikezela ngesisombululo sokuthengwa kwe-intanethi yemathiriyeli yoshishino njengentsimbi, iikhemikhali, iipholima, njl., ezilungiselelwe ii-SMEs. La maqonga abonelela ngamathuba kumashishini aseIndiya ukuba anxibelelane namaqabane asekhaya nawamanye amazwe ngokufanelekileyo ngelixa eququzelela ukuthengiselana okugudileyo ngeephothali zabo ze-intanethi.
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