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Iimarike eziphambili
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Ilizwe jikelele
IMongolia, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseMongolia, lilizwe elivaliweyo elikwiMpuma yeAsia. Umda weRussia ukuya emantla kunye neTshayina emazantsi, empuma nasentshona. Ngabemi abamalunga nezigidi ezi-3 zabantu, lelinye lawona mazwe anabemi bambalwa ehlabathini. IMongolia inembali etyebileyo yelifa njengoko yayikade isisazulu soBukhosi baseMongol obusasazeke kulo lonke elaseAsia naseYurophu ngenkulungwane ye-13 neye-14. Namhlanje, iMongolia igcina amaqhina enkcubeko awomeleleyo kwixesha layo lakudala. Ikomkhulu laseMongolia yi-Ulaanbaatar, ekwasesona sixeko sikhulu. Isebenza njengombindi wenkcubeko noqoqosho lwelizwe. Nangona izenzo zesithethe zokufuduka zisekhona kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, i-Ulaanbaatar ibonisa ukuphucuka kunye nezakhiwo eziphakamileyo ezidityaniswa neeyurts (amakhaya aphathwayo esintu). Indawo yaseMongolia inika ubuhle obumangalisayo kunye namathafa amakhulu, iintaba ezinje ngeAltai kunye neKhangai ezibonisa ubuhle bendalo obumangalisayo. Ngapha koko, ineendawo ezineempawu ezifana neLake Khövsgöl (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi "Blue Pearl") - lelinye lawona machibi amakhulu anamanzi acocekileyo eAsia- kunye neNtlango yeGobi-yeyona ndawo ikhethekileyo yendalo eyintlango emhlabeni. Uqoqosho ikakhulu luxhomekeke kubutyebi bemigodi obufana namalahle, ikopolo, igolide, iuranium kunye nezenzo zokwalusa ngokwemveli ezifana nokufuya ukuvelisa uboya be cashmere. Ukongeza, ukhenketho ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kunye neendwendwe zamazwe ngamazwe ezitsaleleke ekuzifumaneni iminyhadala yenkcubeko efana neNaadam okanye ukujonga iindawo zokugcina izilwanyana zasendle ezifana ne-Hustai National Park. Inkcubeko yaseMongolia ibonisa intlonipho enzulu kwizithethe kwaye igxininisa ububele kwiindwendwe ezibizwa ngokuba yi "Aaruul" okanye "Hadag" zidla ngokubonelelwa ngokubonisa uxabiso ngembeko kuluntu lwabo. Ngokobume bolawulo amaqela ezopolitiko amele imidla eyahluka-hlukeneyo kwinkqubo yePalamente esekwe phantsi komzekelo wepalamente wedemokhrasi ukusukela oko kwabakho inguqu yedemokhrasi ebutsheni beminyaka yoo-1990 xa yathi yaguquka ukusuka kurhulumente wobusoshiyali ukuya kwidemokhrasi ngeenjongo zokomeleza amalungelo oluntu, ukukhuthaza inkululeko, kunye nokomeleza intlalontle yoluntu. Ukuqukumbela, iMongolia lilizwe elinomdla elaziwa ngelifa lalo lokufuduka, iindawo ezintle zomhlaba, kunye nenkcubeko ekhethekileyo. Nangona isisizwe esincinci, ishiye uphawu olungacimekiyo kwimbali kwaye iyaqhubeka nokubonelela ngamava ahlukileyo kubahlali basekhaya kunye neendwendwe zamazwe ngamazwe ngokufanayo.
Imali yeSizwe
IMongolia, ilizwe elivaliweyo elikwiMpuma yeAsia, isebenzisa iTögrög yaseMongolia njengemali yayo esemthethweni. Isimboli yemali yi-₮ kwaye iqhele ukushunqulelwa njenge-MNT. I-Tögrög yaseMongolia yaziswa ngo-1925, ithatha indawo yemali yangaphambili ebizwa ngokuba yidola yaseMongolia. Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali waseMongolia ulawulwa yiBhanki yaseMongolia, ejongene nokugcina ukuzinza kwexabiso kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho. Njengebhanki enguvimba ezimeleyo, iqulunqa kwaye iphumeze imigaqo-nkqubo yokulawula ubonelelo lwemali nokulawula oovimba botshintshiselwano lwangaphandle. Izinga lotshintshiselwano lwangoku lweTögrög yaseMongolia luyohluka xa kuthelekiswa neemali ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe ezinjengeedola zaseMelika okanye iiEuro. Njengezinye iimali ezininzi, ixabiso layo lingaguquguquka ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya utshintsho kwiimeko zoqoqosho lwehlabathi, imigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo, izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso angaphakathi, kunye neemvakalelo zomtyali-mali ngokubhekiselele kwiimarike ezikhulayo. Ngokubhekiselele kwiinkonzo, ii-banknotes zifumaneka kumaxabiso ahlukeneyo ukusuka kwi-1₮ ukuya kwi-20,000₮. Inqaku ngalinye libonisa amanani abalulekileyo avela kwimbali yaseMongolia okanye imiqondiso ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko emele ilifa leMongolia. Ukufumana iTögrög yaseMongolia ngelixa undwendwela okanye uhlala eMongolia, umntu unokusebenzisa iibhanki zasekhaya okanye iiofisi zokutshintshiselana ngemali ezigunyazisiweyo ezifumaneka kuzo zonke izixeko ezikhulu. Ii-ATM zifumaneka ngokubanzi kuzo zonke iindawo zasezidolophini apho ukutsalwa kwemali kusetyenziswa amakhadi okuthenga ngetyala aphesheya okanye okuthenga ngetyala kunokwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba nangona ezinye iihotele kunye namaziko amakhulu anokwamkela iimali zamazwe ngamazwe njengeedola zase-US okanye ii-Euro ngeenjongo zokuhlawula (ingakumbi kwiindawo zabakhenkethi), kuyacetyiswa ukuba kubekho imali yasekhaya kuninzi lweentengiselwano ngaphakathi elizweni. Lilonke, ukuqonda imeko yemali yaseMongolia kuya kuba luncedo xa uhamba okanye usenza imisebenzi yezemali kweli lizwe likhethekileyo laseAsia.
Imali yokutshintsha
Imali esemthethweni yaseMongolia yiTugrik yaseMongolia (MNT). Amaxabiso otshintshiselwano lweemali ezinkulu kwi-Mongolian Tugrik anokwahluka kwaye angatshintsha. Ukusukela ngo-Okthobha 2021, malunga: - 1 US Dollar (USD) ilingana ngeenxa 2,835 Mongolian Tugriks. - I-Euro eyi-1 (i-EUR) ilingana ne-3,324 yaseMongolia yaseTugrik. - 1 British Pound (GBP) ilingana ngeenxa 3,884 Mongolian Tugriks. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezi xabiso lotshintshiselwano zinokuguquguquka ngenxa yeemeko zemarike. Kumaxabiso otshintshiselwano achanekileyo nahlaziyiweyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubhekisele kumthombo wemali othembekileyo okanye udibane nebhanki okanye inkonzo yokutshintshiselana ngemali.
Iiholide ezibalulekileyo
IMongolia lilizwe elityebileyo kwizithethe zenkcubeko kunye nemibhiyozo. Nantsi iminyhadala ebalulekileyo eyenzekayo eMongolia: 1. Umnyhadala weNaadam: INaadam ngowona mnyhadala mkhulu nobalulekileyo eMongolia, odla ngokubizwa ngokuba “nguMnyhadala weMidlalo yaMadoda eNtathu”. Iqhubeka minyaka le ukusuka nge-11-13 kaJulayi kwaye ibhiyozela imiDlalo eMithathu yaMadoda yokujijisana, umdyarho wamahashe, kunye nokutola. Abantu belizwe lonke bayadibana ukuze bathathe inxaxheba okanye babukele olu khuphiswano lwemidlalo yemveli. 2. I-Tsagaan Sar (iNyanga eMhlophe): I-Tsagaan Sar ngumbhiyozo wonyaka omtsha waseMongolia, oqhubeka phakathi kukaJanuwari noFebruwari. Ithatha iintsuku ezintathu kwaye lixesha lokuba iintsapho zidibane, zitshintshiselane ngezipho, zityelele izalamane, zitye ukutya kwesintu okufana ne-buuz (amadombolo aqholiweyo), ukudlala imidlalo, kunye nenxaxheba kwizithethe zamandulo ezifana noShagayi - ukudutyulwa kweqakala. 3. Umnyhadala woKhozi: Lo mnyhadala ukhethekileyo wenzeka kwintshona yeMongolia phakathi kukaSeptemba no-Oktobha xa abazingeli bokhozi bebonisa ubuchule babo bokuzingela obumangalisayo ngamaxhalanga abo aqeqeshiweyo egolide. Lo msitho uquka ukhuphiswano olufana nokhuphiswano lokubiza ukhozi, imiboniso yefalconry, umboniso womculo wesintu okhapha imiboniso yokukhwela ihashe. I-4.Tsagaan Idee (Ukutya Okumhlophe): Ibhiyozelwa ebusika ngoDisemba 22nd ngokwenkqubo yekhalenda yenyanga yaseMongolia; olu suku lubonisa ukutya okumhlophe okanye iimveliso zobisi ezenziwe ngokupheleleyo ngabasetyhini kwi-cream; Kukholelwa ukuba esi senzo sinokuzisa ithamsanqa kulo nyaka uzayo, kunye neentsapho ezininzi zibamba izidlo kunye nezitya ezifana neemveliso zobisi (itshizi) ngokwesiko ezenziwe ngenkamela okanye ubisi lwenkomo. Le minyhadala ayivumeli kuphela abantu ukuba bahloniphe ilifa labo elityebileyo kodwa batsala abakhenkethi abavela kwihlabathi liphela abafuna ukuzibonela ngokwabo inkcubeko yaseMongolia.
Imeko yoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle
IMongolia lilizwe elivaliweyo elikwiMpuma yeAsia, kumda weRussia ukuya emantla kunye neTshayina emazantsi. Ngaphandle kwemiqobo yejografi, iMongolia inecandelo lezorhwebo elikhulayo nelinegalelo elikhulu ekukhuleni koqoqosho. IMongolia ikakhulu ithumela ngaphandle iimpahla ezifana nezimbiwa, ngakumbi amalahle kunye nobhedu. Ezi zibonelelo zithatha inxalenye enkulu yengeniso yelizwe laseMongolia iyonke. Izimbiwa ezininzi zelizwe ziyenza ibe yindawo enomtsalane kwiinkampani zemigodi ezisuka kwihlabathi jikelele. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iMongolia ibisoloko isabalalisa ukuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle ngokukhuthaza amanye amashishini afana nezolimo, amalaphu, kunye neemveliso zecashmere. Urhulumente uphumeze imigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo ukuxhasa la macandelo nokukhuthaza utyalo-mali lwangaphandle. Ngenxa yoko, la mashishini afumene ukukhula okubonakalayo kwaye anegalelo ekwandiseni urhwebo lwaseMongolia. I-China lelona qabane likhulu lokurhweba laseMongolia ngenxa yokuba kufutshane kunye namaqhina anamandla ezoqoqosho. Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweMongolia kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwimarike yaseTshayina, izimbiwa ezenza umlinganiselo obalulekileyo wokuhamba korhwebo. IRashiya lelinye iqabane elibalulekileyo lokurhweba elingenisa iimveliso zezolimo zaseMongolia njengenyama kunye nengqolowa. IMongolia ikwabandakanyeka kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe namanye amazwe kwihlabathi liphela kuquka iJapan, uMzantsi Korea, iJamani kunye neOstreliya. La mazwe angenisa iimpahla ezahlukeneyo ezivela eMongolia okanye enze iiprojekthi zentsebenziswano kumacandelo afana nophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo okanye amandla avuselelekayo. Ngaphandle kokufumana ukuguquguquka ngenxa yeemeko zemarike yehlabathi kunye namaxabiso eemveliso, urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwaseMongolia lubonise ukomelela ekuhambeni kwexesha. Iinzame ziyenziwa ngurhulumente waseMongolia ukuqhubela phambili ukuqinisa intsebenziswano yorhwebo ngokuseka iimeko zoshishino ezifanelekileyo ezitsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle. Lilonke, nangona ivaliwe, iMongolia izidla ngokuba yindawo yorhwebo esebenzayo eqhutywa zizimbiwa kumazwe angaphandle kunye neenzame zokwahlukahlukana ukuya kwamanye amashishini afana nezolimo. Impahla, i-cashmere, kunye nemveliso yemfuyo. ubukho baseMongolia kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe
Uphuhliso lweMakethi olunokubakho
IMongolia, ekuMbindi weAsia, inamandla amakhulu ophuhliso lorhwebo lwangaphandle. Eli lizwe linobutyebi bendalo obuquka izimbiwa ezifana namalahle, ubhedu, igolide, neuranium. Ezi zibonelelo zingasetyenziselwa ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwaye zitsale utyalo-mali lwangaphandle. Enye into ephambili enegalelo kurhwebo olunokubakho lweMongolia yindawo ekuyo phakathi kweendawo ezimbini ezinamandla kwezoqoqosho: iTshayina neRussia. Omabini la mazwe ngabarhwebi abakhulu bemathiriyeli ekrwada, nto leyo enika ithuba elibalulekileyo lokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweMongolia. Ngaphaya koko, ukufikelela kweMongolia kumzila kaLoliwe weTrans-Mongolian kunye noqhagamshelo lwendlela kunye neTshayina neRussia liphucula iziseko zophuhliso lwezothutho kurhwebo. Icandelo lezolimo likwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseMongolia. Ngamadlelo amakhulu alungele ukufuya imfuyo kunye neendlela zokufuya izilwanyana ezinzulu kwinkcubeko yabo, iMongolia inokuvelisa iimveliso zenyama ezikumgangatho ophezulu njengenyama yenkomo kunye negusha ngeenjongo zokuthumela ngaphandle. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhulumente waseMongolia uthathe amanyathelo ahlukeneyo ukutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle ngelixa esahlula imarike yakhe yokuthumela ngaphandle ngaphandle kwemithombo yendalo. Baye baphumeza uhlaziyo olusemthethweni olulungele ukusebenza kweshishini ngokwenza lula iinkqubo zezithethe kunye nokuphucula ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda. Ngaphaya koko, icandelo lezokhenketho libonise ukukhula okumandla okukhulu ngenxa yeendawo ezizodwa zaseMongolia ezibandakanya iintlango, iintaba (ezifana nentlango yaseGobi eyaziwayo), iipaki zelizwe eziqulethe iintlobo zezilwanyana zasendle ezisengozini yokutshabalala njengengwe yekhephu okanye amahashe asendle (aziwa ngokuba ngamahashe ePrzewalski). Oku kuvula amathuba ophuhliso lwe-ecotourism kunye neenkonzo ezinxulumene noko ukulungiselela iindwendwe zamazwe ngamazwe. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kukho imingeni enokuthi ithintele ukufezekiswa ngokupheleleyo kwesakhono sezorhwebo saseMongolia. Ukungonelanga kophuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo kwiindawo ezithile kubangela imiqobo ekuthuthweni kwempahla ngokufanelekileyo elizweni. Ukongeza, ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko okanye ukuguquguquka kumaxabiso eemveliso zehlabathi kunokuba nefuthe elibi kwizakhono zemveliso yangaphakathi kunye neengeniso zokuthumela ngaphandle. Lilonke, kunye nemithombo yobutyebi bendalo eninzi kudityaniswe nendawo enenzuzo phakathi kweTshayina neRussia kunye neenzame ezenziwe ngurhulumente ekutsaleni utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kumacandelo ohlukeneyo abandakanya ukhenketho - iMongolia inamandla okurhweba. Ngokujongana nemingeni ekhoyo kunye nokuqhubeka nokuphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo yoshishino, iMongolia inokuphuhlisa ngakumbi imarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle kwaye ikhulise ukukhula koqoqosho.
Iimveliso ezishushu ezithengiswayo kwimarike
Ukuze uchonge iimveliso ezidumileyo kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle eMongolia, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela inkcubeko yelizwe, imeko yezoqoqosho, kunye nemfuno yabathengi. Nanga amanye amanyathelo onokuthi uwalandele ukukhetha iimveliso ezinokuthengiseka: 1. UPhando lweeNdlela zeMarike: Qala ngokufumana ulwazi malunga nemarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseMongolia kunye neendlela zangoku. Jonga iingxelo kwizinto ezithengiswa kakhulu ezifunwa kakhulu okanye ubone indlela yokukhula. 2. Hlalutya iNkcubeko yeNdawo: Qonda ukhetho lwenkcubeko yabathengi baseMongolia kunye nemikhwa yabo yokuthenga. Qwalasela izinto ezifana namasiko esintu, indlela yokuphila ekhethwayo, kunye nokwahluka kwamaxesha onyaka anokuchaphazela ukhetho lwemveliso. 3. Vavanya imo yezoQoqosho: Ukuvavanya iimeko zoqoqosho zaseMongolia, kubandakanywa izinga lokukhula kwe-GDP, izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso, imimiselo yokungenisa / ukuthumela ngaphandle, kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye izinto ezichaphazelekayo ezichaphazela amandla okusetyenziswa kwabathengi okanye imigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo. 4. Chonga iiMarike zeNiche: Khangela amathuba kwiimarike ezithile ze-niche apho imfuno iphezulu kodwa unikezelo lunokulinganiselwa. Oku kunokubandakanya amacandelo afana nezimbiwa/izixhobo zokombiwa kwezixhobo zokusebenza okanye izisombululo zobuchwephesha ezenzelwe ezolimo okanye ushishino lwamandla ahlaziyekayo. 5. Gxininisa kwiiMveliso eziZinzileyo: Ngenxa yokuzibophelela kweMongolia malunga nophuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nezenzo ezilungele indalo, khangela iimveliso ezihambelana nale ethos ezifana nokutya kwe-organic okanye itekhnoloji ehambelana nokusingqongileyo. 6. Qwalasela iiNqaku zeXabiso: Ukumisela uvakalelo lwexabiso kwimarike yaseMongolia ngokuhlalutya amanqanaba engeniso kunye nenkcitho yendlu ephakathi; khetha iimveliso ezibonelela ngamaxabiso ahlukeneyo ngelixa ugcina imigangatho yomgangatho. 7. Intsebenziswano kunye naBanikezeli beNgingqi / abaThengi: Bambisana nabanikezeli bendawo okanye ababoneleli abanobuchule kwiimarike zaseMongolia; ulwazi lwabo lunokukunceda ukukhokelela ekukhetheni imveliso eyimpumelelo esekelwe kumava adlulileyo. 8. Ukuqhuba iiSaveyi zeMakethi/IziFundo ezinokwenzeka: Beka phambili ukuqhuba uphando phakathi kwabathengi ekujoliswe kubo ukuze uqinisekise iingcamango zemveliso enokubakho ngaphambi kokuba utyale kakhulu kubo; izifundo ezinokwenzeka ziya kunika ulwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga neemfuno / iimfuno zabathengi ngaphambi kokungena kwimveliso enkulu / amalungiselelo okusasaza. 9. Beka iliso kuKhuphiswano: Gcina iliso elibukhali kwizinto okhuphisana nazo; jonga ukuba zeziphi iindidi zeemveliso eziyimpumelelo kwaye ufune iindlela zokwahlula okanye ukuvuselela iminikelo yakho. 10. I-Adapta kunye ne-Evolve: Qhubeka ubeka iliso kutshintsho lwemarike, izinto ozikhethayo, kwaye uhlengahlengise ukhetho lwakho lwemveliso ngokufanelekileyo. Hlala uhlaziywa kwiimfuno zabathengi ukuqinisekisa impumelelo eqhubekayo kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseMongolia. Ngokulandela la manyathelo, unokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi ngelixa ukhetha iimveliso zentengiso yorhwebo lwangaphandle eMongolia, ukwandisa amathuba akho okufumana impumelelo.
Iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboo
IMongolia lilizwe elivaliweyo eliseMpuma yeAsia, elaziwa ngokuba lilifa lenkcubeko elityebileyo kunye nezithethe ezikhethekileyo. Xa usebenza nabathengi baseMongolia, kubalulekile ukuqonda iimpawu zabo zabathengi kunye ne-taboos. 1. Iimpawu zoMthengi: Abathengi baseMongolia ngokubanzi bayabuxabisa ubudlelwane bomntu kunye nokuthembela kwiintengiselwano zeshishini. Ukwakha ubuhlobo nabo kubalulekile kwimpumelelo yexesha elide. Ukongeza, bayakuxabisa ukugcina ixesha kwaye balindele iimpendulo ezikhawulezayo kwimibuzo okanye kwizicelo. 2. Indlela Yokutya: Xa usitya kunye nabathengi baseMongolia, kubalulekile ukuqaphela iindlela ezimbalwa zenkcubeko. Okokuqala, linda oyena mntu mdala etafileni ukuba aqalise ukutya ngaphambi kokuba utye. Bonisa imbeko ngokungaqalisi de baqalise. Kwakhona, kunqande ukubamba ukutya ngesandla sakho sasekhohlo njengoko kuthathwa njengokungacocekanga kwinkcubeko yaseMongolia. 3. Ukunika izipho: Ukuphana izipho kuqhelekile eMongolia njengendlela yokubonisa uxabiso okanye ukwakha ubudlelwane. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto eziqwalaselwayo xa ukhetha izipho kubaxumi baseMongolia: Kuphephe ukunika izinto ezibukhali njengoko zifuzisela amaqhina okanye ubudlelwane; yeka ukusela utywala ngaphandle kokuba uqinisekile ukuba lowo unikwa utywala uyasela; soloko usebenzisa izandla zozibini xa upha okanye usamkela izipho. 4.Unxibelelwano lweShishini: Ngokweendlela zokunxibelelana ngexesha leentsebenziswano zezoshishino, abantu baseMongolia badla ngokuba zizithethi ezingathanga ngqo nezichubekileyo.Zama ukuba nembeko ngokunqanda ukuphazamisa okanye ukuzinza kakhulu ngexesha lencoko.Yiba nomonde xa uthethathethwano ngezivumelwano kuba iinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo zinokuthatha ixesha elide ngenxa yokuvumelana. izenzo. 5.Izithethe Zemveli: Kubalulekile ukuhlonipha ilifa lemveli yaseMongolia. Ukunqanda ukukhubekisa abathengi bakho baseMongolia: ungaze unyathele emigubasini - ezi zijongwa njengeendawo ezingcwele; yeka ukukhomba abantu ngomnwe omnye - endaweni yoko sebenzisa isandla esivulekileyo; ukuba undwendwela iger (indawo yokuhlala yesintu) , cela imvume ngaphambi kokungena uze ugcine engqondweni ukuba abafazi bahlala kwicala lasekhohlo ngoxa amadoda ehleli kwicala lasekunene ngaphakathi; umbuliso olula othi “molo” unokunikelwa ngokuphakamisa isandla sakho sasekunene, izandla zivuleke, uze uthi “Sain baina uu. " Ukuqukumbela, ukuqonda iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboos eMongolia kubalulekile kunxibelelwano oluyimpumelelo lweshishini. Ukwakha ukuthembela, ukubandakanya unxibelelwano oluhloniphekileyo, ukuhlonipha izithethe ezifana ne-etiquette yokutya kunye nokupha izipho kuya kunceda ukukhuthaza ubudlelwane obuqinileyo kunye nabathengi baseMongolia.
Inkqubo yolawulo lweCustoms
Inkqubo yolawulo lwezithethe zaseMongolia kunye nezilumkiso zibalulekile ukuba uziqonde kuye nabani na oceba ukutyelela okanye ukwenza ishishini eMongolia. Amasiko eMongolia anoxanduva lokulawula nokulawula ukuhamba kwempahla engena kunye nokuphuma kweli lizwe. Bamisela imithetho nemimiselo eyahlukahlukeneyo ejoliswe ekugcineni unqabiseko, ukukhusela izilangazelelo zelizwe, ukuthintela ukuthutyeleziswa ngokungekho mthethweni nokukhuthaza urhwebo olungenamkhethe. Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yolawulo lwezithethe zaseMongolia yinkqubo yokungenisa/yokuthumela ngaphandle. Abatyeleli okanye amashishini kufuneka abhengeze naziphi na iimpahla abazingenisayo okanye abazikhuphayo eMongolia ngeFomu yesiBhengezo seCustoms. Kubalulekile ukugcwalisa le fom ngokuchanekileyo, ukubonelela ngeenkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga neempahla ezithuthwayo. Izithintelo ezithile kunye nezithintelo zisebenza kwizinto ezithile xa kuziwa ekuzingeniseni okanye ekuzithumeleni ngaphandle. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane neMongolian Customs kwangaphambili ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwayo yonke imimiselo. Imizekelo yezinto ezithintelweyo ibandakanya ii-narcotics, izixhobo/imipu, imali yomgunyathi, izilwanyana ezisengozini (zombini izilwanyana eziphilayo kunye namalungu azo), iintlobo ezithile zezityalo/imbewu, njl. Inkqubo yoqingqo-maxabiso eqhutywa ngokwezintlu zempahla ephuma kumazwe angaphandle idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni imisebenzi/irhafu esetyenziswa kwiimpahla ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle. Uqingqo-maxabiso luqala ngokusekwe kwixabiso lentengiselwano - elona xabiso lihlawulweyo kwimpahla - kuqwalaselwa uhlengahlengiso olufana neendleko zothutho, iipremiyamu ze-inshorensi ukuba zikhona. Xa behamba kwimida yaseMongolia, abatyeleli kufuneka baqonde ukuba izinto zabo zobuqu zinokujongwa ngamagosa ahlola izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle xa befika/bahamba. Izibonelelo ezingahlawulelwa rhafu zivumela abantu ukuba babe nemiyinge ethile/yexabiso eliqingqiweyo lokungeniswa ngaphandle kwerhafu/ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwerhafu; ukugqitha kule mida kukhokelela kwirhafu eyongezelelweyo/iintlawulo ezirhafiswa kwizinto ezingaphezu kwemfuneko. Kububulumko ukulandela yonke imiyalelo ethunyelweyo kuphela kodwa kwakhona ulumke ngelixa uthutha izinto ezixabisekileyo ezifana neelaptops/ikhamera/izacholo ngexesha lohambo lwamazwe ngamazwe njengoko amaxwebhu ongezelelweyo anokufuneka ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwempahla. IMongolia ithatha uxanduva lwayo ngokubhekisele kukhuseleko lwebhayoloji ngokubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa zenkqubo yokuphilisana kwendalo-inkqubo yokwalusa imfuyo esemngciphekweni-ibhenca izifo ezinokuba yingozi zezilwanyana ezingaphaya kwemida. Ngesi sizathu kuphela abatyeleli kufuneka balumke bangezi nazo naziphi na iimveliso zezilwanyana ngaphandle kwamaxwebhu afanelekileyo. Ukuqukumbela, ukuqonda inkqubo yolawulo lwezithethe zaseMongolia kunye nokulandela izilumkiso eziyimfuneko kubalulekile kutyelelo olungenamagingxigingxi okanye urhwebo ngaphakathi elizweni. Ukubonisana neSiko laseMongolia kwangaphambili, ukuzalisa ngokuchanekileyo iiFom zokuBhengeza iCustoms, ukubambelela kwizithintelo kunye nezithintelo, kunye nokuhlala unolwazi malunga nezibonelelo zokungahlawulisi yonke imiba ephambili yokuqinisekisa amava angenangxaki kunye nezithethe zaseMongolia.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu
IMongolia lilizwe elivaliweyo eMpuma Asia, kumda weRashiya neTshayina. Ngokubhekiselele kumgaqo-nkqubo werhafu yokungenisa elizweni, iMongolia iphumeze inkqubo yerhafu yempahla emanyeneyo esekelwe kwi-Harmonized System (HS) ukususela ngo-1992. Umgaqo-siseko jikelele wenkqubo yerhafu yokungenisa elizweni yaseMongolia kukuququzelela urhwebo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuphiswano olufanelekileyo ngelixa ukhusela amashishini asekhaya. Izinga eliqhelekileyo lokuthunyelwa kwempahla eMongolia yi-5%, esebenza kwiimpahla ezininzi ezingeniswa kweli lizwe. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezithile ezifana neemveliso zolimo, imathiriyeli ekrwada yokuvelisa, kunye namayeza zixhomekeke kwireyithi ethotyiweyo okanye zixolelwe ngokupheleleyo kwiirhafu ezivela ngaphandle. Ukongeza kwirhafu yokungenisa jikelele, iMongolia iphinda ibeke iirhafu ezongezelelweyo kwiindidi ezithile zeempahla. Oku kubandakanya irhafu yerhafu kwezinye iimpahla zodidi olufana neemoto kunye neziselo ezinxilisayo ngamaxabiso asuka kwi-10% ukuya kwi-40%, kuxhomekeke kwinto ethile. Ngaphaya koko, ukuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kusenokuba phantsi kwerhafu yexabiso elongeziweyo (i-VAT) kumyinge oqhelekileyo we-10%. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukukhululwa kwizinto eziyimfuneko ezifana nokutya okusisiseko kunye nezixhobo zonyango ezingekho phantsi kwe-VAT. Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba iimpahla ezininzi ezithengiweyo zikwafuna izatifikethi okanye iilayisensi ezithile ngaphambi kokungena kwimarike yaseMongolia. Oku kujolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko kunye nokukhusela amalungelo abathengi. Lilonke, umgaqo-nkqubo waseMongolia wokurhweba kumazwe angaphandle ujolise ekulungelelaniseni lula urhwebo kunye nemilinganiselo yokhuseleko kumashishini asekhaya. Urhulumente ukhuthaza urhwebo lwangaphandle ngokunyusa amaxabiso aphantsi kwizinto ezibalulekileyo ngelixa ekhusela imizi-mveliso yasekhaya ngeerhafu eziphezulu kwizinto zodidi oluphezulu.
Iipolisi zerhafu ezithumela ngaphandle
IMongolia lilizwe elivaliweyo elikuMbindi we-Asiya, elaziwa ngommandla walo omkhulu kunye nobutyebi bendalo obutyebileyo. Ilizwe liphumeze imigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo yerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle ukuze lilawule urhwebo lwalo kunye nokukhulisa uqoqosho. Enye yezona mpahla zithunyelwa ngaphandle zivela eMongolia zizimbiwa, ngakumbi amalahle, ubhedu, igolide kunye neuranium. Ukukhuthaza imveliso yasekhaya kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo kwemithombo yezimbiwa, iMongolia ihlawulisa irhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle kwezi mveliso. Izinga lerhafu liyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwiminerali ethile ekhutshweyo kwaye inokuvela kwi-5% ukuya kwi-30% yexabiso lilonke. Ngaphandle kwezimbiwa, iMongolia ikwathumela ngaphandle iimveliso zezolimo ezifana nenyama (ingakumbi inyama yenkomo neyegusha), ingqolowa, irhasi, iimveliso zobisi kunye nekheshmere. Nangona kunjalo, akukho rhafu ikhethekileyo ebekwe kwezi mveliso zezolimo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwazo kwiimarike zangaphandle. Ngaphaya koko, iMongolia ibigxile ekuphuhliseni imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo njengamandla elanga kunye namandla omoya. Njengenxalenye yeenzame zakhe zokukhuthaza amalinge ohlaza lwasekhaya ngelixa ejongene neemfuno zamazwe ngamazwe kwizisombululo zamandla acocekileyo, urhulumente ubonelela ngenkuthazo yerhafu efanelekileyo yokuthumela ngaphandle ubugcisa bamandla ahlaziyekayo. Ukongeza, iMongolia iyaziwa ngemisebenzi yayo yezandla ebonisa izakhono zobugcisa bemveli ezidluliselwe kwizizukulwana. Urhulumente ukhuthaza amagcisa ngokungabahlawulisi naziphi na iirhafu okanye iintlawulo ekuthengiseni izinto zezandla kumazwe angaphandle; lo mgaqo-nkqubo ujolise ekugcineni ilifa lenkcubeko ngelixa uvelisa ingeniso kwimisebenzi enxulumene nokhenketho. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle yaseMongolia inokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yeemeko zoqoqosho eziguqukayo okanye urhwebo lwehlabathi. Ke ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba abanakho ukuthumela ngaphandle okanye amaqela anomdla ngokuqhubekayo abeke iliso kwimithombo esemthethweni efana newebhusayithi karhulumente okanye abonisane nabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba babandakanyeke kuyo nayiphi na imisebenzi yeshishini enxulumene nokuthunyelwa kweMongolia.
Iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle
IMongolia, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhlikhi yaseMongolia, lilizwe elivaliweyo eMpuma Asia. Iyaziwa ngokuphila kwayo ngoonothwal’ impahlana, amathafa engca, nenkcubeko etyebileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iMongolia ibisebenza ngenkuthalo ekwandiseni icandelo layo lokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nokufumana ukwamkelwa kwemveliso yayo kumazwe ngamazwe. Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokunyaniseka kwezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezivela eMongolia, urhulumente uye waphumeza iinkqubo ezithile zesatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle. Ezi ziqinisekiso zijolise ekugcineni imigangatho yemveliso kunye nokwakha ukuthembana kunye nabathengi bangaphandle. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezatifikethi ezibalulekileyo zokuthumela ngaphandle ezifunekayo eMongolia: 1. Isiqinisekiso seMvelaphi: Olu xwebhu luqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zisuka eMongolia zaveliswa okanye zalungiswa ngaphakathi kwemida yayo. 2. ISatifikethi sePhytosanitary: Kwiimveliso zezolimo okanye izityalo ezilungiselelwe ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, esi satifikethi siqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nemigaqo yamazwe ngamazwe ye-phytosanitary ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwezinambuzane okanye izifo. 3. Isiqinisekiso seHalal: Ukuba uthumela ngaphandle iimveliso zokutya kwe-halal kumazwe amaninzi amaSilamsi, abathumeli bangaphandle baseMongolia kufuneka bafumane isatifikethi seHalal esiqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno zezidlo zamaSilamsi. 4. Isiqinisekiso se-ISO: Esi satifikethi siqinisekisa ukuba iinkampani zithobela imigangatho eyaziwayo kumazwe ngamazwe yeenkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho kwiinkqubo zazo zemveliso. 5. Isiqinisekiso Sonyango Lwezilwanyana: Kwiimveliso ezisekelwe kwizilwanyana ezifana nenyama okanye izinto zobisi ezilungiselelwe ukutyiwa ngabantu kumazwe angaphandle, esi satifikethi siqinisekisa ukuba ezi mveliso zidibene nemigangatho yococeko kunye nokhuseleko ebekwe ngabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo. 6. Ilayisensi yezemigodi: Ukuqwalasela ubutyebi bezimbiwa baseMongolia (kuquka amalahle nobhedu), iinkampani zemigodi zifuna iilayisensi ezifanelekileyo phambi kokuba zithumele ngokusemthethweni izimbiwa okanye intsimbi ekrwada ngaphandle kwelizwe. Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yeziqinisekiso ezifunwa ngabathumeli bangaphandle eMongolia; kunokubakho ezongezelelweyo ngokuxhomekeke kumashishini athile okanye kwiimarike ekujoliswe kuzo phesheya. Ngokufumana ezi ziqinisekiso zibalulekileyo zokuthumela ngaphandle, amashishini aseMongolia anokuphucula ukuthembeka kwawo kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe ngelixa eqinisekisa abathengi malunga nomgangatho kunye nokunyaniseka kwempahla yabo. La manyathelo adlala indima ebalulekileyo kungekuphela nje ekukhuthazeni ukukhula koqoqosho kodwa nasekuququzeleleni ubudlelwane borhwebo obuzinzileyo nezinye izizwe.
Ulungiselelo lolungiselelo olucetyiswayo
IMongolia lilizwe elivaliweyo elikwiMpuma yeAsia nakuMbindi weAsia. Umda weRashiya ukuya emantla kunye neChina ukuya emazantsi, empuma nasentshona. Ngenxa yendawo yayo ekhethekileyo, ezothutho kunye nezixhobo ngamanye amaxesha zinokubeka imiceli mngeni eMongolia. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela ezininzi ezicetyiswayo kwiinkonzo zolungiselelo olusebenzayo elizweni. Okokuqala, xa kufikwa kuthutho lwamazwe ngamazwe, uthutho lomoya luhlala lukhethwa ngenxa yendawo evaliweyo yaseMongolia. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya iChinggis Khaan International eUlaanbaatar sisebenza njengendawo enkulu yothutho lwempahla. Iinqwelomoya ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe zibonelela ngeenkonzo zothutho ukuya nokubuya eMongolia, ziqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwempahla ngokukhawuleza nangokuthembekileyo. Okwesibini, uthutho lwendlela ngaphakathi eMongolia lubalulekile kwimisebenzi yasekhaya. Ngelixa iziseko zendlela zisenokungaphuhliswanga xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe, kukho iinkampani ezithembekileyo zeelori ezibonelela ngeenkonzo ezithembekileyo. Ezi nkampani zibonelela ngeelori ezilawulwa ngamaqondo obushushu kwimpahla etshabalalayo okanye izithuthi ezikhethekileyo zothutho olugqithileyo. Okwesithathu, uthutho lukaloliwe ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-logistics yaseMongolia ngokunjalo. Umzila kaloliwe wase-Trans-Mongolian udibanisa i-Ulaanbaatar ne-Russia ne-China, inika indlela esebenzayo yokuthutha iimpahla ukuwela imida. Oololiwe bothutho abaneebhotile ezifakwe efrijini nabo benza ukuba kuthuthwe izinto ezonakalayo phakathi kwamazwe angabamelwane. Ukongeza, kuthathelwa ingqalelo indawo ebanzi yaseMongolia kunye neemeko zemozulu ezinzima ngamaxesha athile onyaka, kubalulekile ukukhetha umboneleli wolungiselelo onobugcisa bokusingatha le mingeni ngempumelelo. Ukusebenza nabachwephesha basekuhlaleni abanamava okanye abarhwebi bangaphandle kunokuqinisekisa iinkqubo ezigudileyo zokususwa kwempahla kwiindawo zokuwela imida. Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukuba njengoko uqoqosho lwaseMongolia luxhomekeke kakhulu kwimisebenzi yemigodi kuquka iiprojekthi zemigodi yamalahle ezime kude nezixeko ezikhulu okanye iidolophu; ababoneleli benkonzo abakhethekileyo banikezela ngezisombululo zothutho ezizinikeleyo zezixhobo zemigodi okanye imathiriyeli efunwa zezi projekthi. Ukuqukumbela, ngelixa ijografi yaseMongolia iveza imingeni yolungiselelo ngenxa yokuvaleka komhlaba; Uthutho ngenqwelomoya ngeChinggis Khaan International Airport ibonelela ngoqhagamshelo olugqwesileyo kunye neemarike zehlabathi ngelixa izithuthi ezindleleni zibonelela ngoqhagamshelo lwangaphakathi. Uthutho lukaloliwe ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekudibaniseni iMongolia kumazwe angabamelwane, kwaye kusetyenzwa neengcaphephe zezothutho zalapha ekhaya kuyacetyiswa ukuba kucocwe ngokufanelekileyo amasiko.
Imijelo yophuhliso lwabathengi

Imiboniso yorhwebo ebalulekileyo

IMongolia, ephakathi kweRashiya neTshayina, yaziwa ngobutyebi bayo bendalo obutyebileyo obufana namalahle, ubhedu, kunye negolide. Ngoqoqosho olukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwanda kobukho behlabathi, iMongolia itsale ingqalelo yabathengi abaninzi bamanye amazwe kunye nabatyali-mali. Kweli nqaku, siza kuxubusha amajelo abalulekileyo okuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe kunye nemiboniso eMongolia. 1. IMiboniso yoRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe: - Ulaanbaatar uMboniso woNyaka wePropati yoBukrelekrele waMazwe ngaMazwe: Lo mboniso ugxile kukhuseleko lwamalungelo obunini kushicilelo nokudluliselwa kobugcisa. Itsala uluhlu olubanzi lwabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abanomdla kutyalo-mali olugxile kubuchwepheshe. -Umboniso wokuhombisa waseMongolia: Lo mboniso ubonisa imisebenzi yemveli yaseMongolia efana nokwenza izacholo, ukuhombisa, kunye namalaphu. Liqonga eligqwesileyo kubathengi bamanye amazwe abafuna ukufumana iimveliso zobugcisa ezizodwa. - IMongolia Mining Expo: Njengomnye wemiboniso emikhulu yezimayini e-Asia, esi siganeko sidibanisa iinkampani zemigodi zasekhaya kunye nezamazwe ngamazwe ukubonisa ubugcisa bazo bamva nje kunye nokuphonononga amathuba oshishino. - Ulaanbaatar Food Expo: Lo mboniso wonyaka ubonisa iimveliso zokutya ezivela kubavelisi balapha ekhaya kunye neempawu zamazwe ngamazwe. Liqonga elifanelekileyo kubathengi behlabathi abanomdla wokufumana iimveliso zokutya zaseMongolia ezikumgangatho ophezulu. 2. Amaqonga ee-commerce: Ngokukhula kokuthandwa kokuthengwa kwe-Intanethi kwihlabathi liphela, kuye kwavela amaqonga e-e-commerce aliqela eMongolia adibanisa ababoneleli nabathengi kwihlabathi liphela: -Goyol.mn: Iwebhusayithi edumileyo ye-e-commerce enikezela ngeemveliso ezininzi ezibandakanya iimpahla, izixhobo, izixhobo zombane, iimpahla zasekhaya njl. -Melshop.mn: Indawo yentengiso ekwi-intanethi egxile ekuthengiseni izinto zombane ezinje ngee-smartphones, iilaptops njl.njl., ebonelela ngeenkonzo zohambiso kulo lonke elaseMongolia. 3. IMisebenzi yoRhwebo kunye namaGunya oRhwebo: Imishini yorhwebo ecwangcisiweyo inika ithuba kumashishini angaphandle ukuba ahlole amathuba otyalo-mali ngokunxulumana namaqabane anokubakho okanye ababoneleli asele besekiwe kwiimarike zaseMongolia. -Mongolia National Chamber of Commerce And Industry (MNCCI): I-MNCCI iququzelela rhoqo amaphulo orhwebo ukukhuthaza urhwebo lwamazwe amabini kunye notyalo-mali. Babonelela ngeqonga kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kunye namashishini aseMongolia ukuba adibanise kwaye ahlolisise amathuba okuxhamla ngokufanayo. 4. Amanyathelo kaRhulumente: Urhulumente waseMongolia uthathe amanyathelo ahlukeneyo ukutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kunye nokuphucula ubudlelwane borhwebo. Ezinye zeenkqubo eziphambili ziquka: - Inkqubo yoPhuhliso lokuThunyelwa kwamanye amazwe: Ejolise ekukhuthazeni ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle, le nkqubo ibonelela ngenkuthazo yezemali, iinkqubo zoqeqesho, kunye nenkxaso yophando lwemarike kumashishini ajonge ukwandisa kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe. - I-One Stop Service Centre: Eli nyathelo liququzelela imisebenzi yoshishino engenamthungo ngokubonelela ngenkonzo yefestile eyodwa kwiinkqubo zolawulo, kubandakanywa nokukhutshwa kwempahla. Ukuqukumbela, iMongolia ibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zokuthenga kumazwe ngamazwe kubandakanya imiboniso yorhwebo, amaqonga e-e-commerce, amanyathelo karhulumente, kunye nemishini yorhwebo. La maqonga abonelela ngamathuba kubathengi behlabathi abanomdla wokufumana iimveliso zaseMongolia okanye bajonge amathemba otyalo-mali kuqoqosho olukhulayo lwelizwe.
EMongolia, iinjini zokukhangela ezixhaphakileyo zezi: 1. www.google.mn: UGoogle yeyona njini yokukhangela isetyenziswa kakhulu eMongolia nakwihlabathi jikelele. Inika uluhlu olubanzi lweziphumo zokukhangela kwaye ifumaneka ngolwimi lwaseMongolia. 2. www.search.mn: I-Search.mn yinjini yokukhangela yendawo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa iMongolia. Ibonelela ngokufikelela kwiiwebhusayithi zasekhaya, iindaba, imifanekiso, iividiyo kunye nezinye izixhobo. 3. www.yahoo.com: IYahoo ikwasebenza njengenjini yokukhangela ethandwayo kubasebenzisi baseMongolia. Ibonelela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya ukukhangela iwebhu, inkonzo ye-imeyile, uhlaziyo lweendaba, kunye nokunye. 4. www.bing.com: I-Bing yenye injini yokukhangela yamazwe ngamazwe enobukho bayo naseMongolia. Abasebenzisi banokwenza uphendlo lwewebhu, uphendlo lwemifanekiso, ukhangelo lwevidiyo ngaphakathi kweqonga le-Bing. 5. www.yandex.com: I-Yandex yinjini yokukhangela yaseRashiya eyaziwayo efumene ukuthandwa phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-intanethi baseMongolia ngenxa yenkxaso yolwimi lweskripthi sesiCyrillic saseMongolia kunye nezinye iimpawu ezifana neemephu kunye neenkonzo ze-imeyile. Ngaphandle kwezi zikhetho eziqhelekileyo ezikhankanywe ngasentla ezineenguqulelo zendawo okanye ezixhasa ulwimi lwaseMongolia ngokusemthethweni okanye ngokungekho semthethweni; Abantu banokusebenzisa iindlela ezizezinye ezifana noqhagamshelwano lweVPN ukufikelela kwezinye iinjini ezidumileyo zehlabathi ezifana neBaidu (www.baidu.com) okanye iNaver (www.naver.com). Nceda uqaphele ukuba ubukho kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenjini zokukhangela ezohlukeneyo zinokwahluka ngokwezinto ozikhethayo kunye nokhetho lomntu ngamnye ngabasebenzisi be-intanethi eMongolia.

Amaphepha amakhulu atyheli

Awona maphepha atyheli aphambili eMongolia aquka uluhlu lwezalathisi ze-intanethi ezibonelela ngolwazi malunga namashishini kunye neenkonzo elizweni. Nazi ezinye zeewebhusayithi eziphambili zamaphepha amthubi: 1. Yellow Pages Mongolia - Olu luluhlu lwe-intanethi olubanzi olunikezela ngoluhlu lwamashishini, ii-arhente zikarhulumente, imibutho, kunye neenkonzo zobungcali kumashishini awohlukeneyo. Iwebhusayithi yabo inokufumaneka ku-www.yellowpages.mn. 2. I-Ulaanbaatar Yellow Pages ekwi-Intanethi-Igxile ngakumbi kwikomkhulu lase-Ulaanbaatar, olu luhlu lubonelela ngolwazi malunga namashishini asekuhlaleni kunye neenkonzo ezibonelela abahlali kunye nabatyeleli. Iwebhusayithi iyafumaneka ku-www.yellowpagesub.info. 3. I-Biznetwork.mn - Eli qonga ledijithali linikezela uluhlu olubanzi lwezintlu zamashishini ezihlelwe ngamashishini, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafune iimveliso ezithile okanye iinkonzo abazifunayo. Ndwendwela iwebhusayithi yabo ku-www.biznetwork.mn. 4. SeekYellow.MN - Olunye uluhlu lwamaphepha atyheli abanzi anikezela ngolwazi lweshishini ngoshishino okanye ngodidi kulo lonke elaseMongolia lunokufumaneka ku-www.seekyellow.mn. 5. InfoMongolia.com - Ngelixa inganikezelwanga ngokupheleleyo kuluhlu lwamaphepha atyheli, le webhusayithi igxile kukhenketho ikwabonelela ngezalathiso zoshishino eziluncedo ngolwazi loqhagamshelwano oluhlelwe ngamacandelo anje ngobubele, imali, ukuthengisa, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezibalulekileyo kubaphambukeli abandwendwela okanye abahlala kumazwe angaphandle. eMongolia; indawo yabo iyafumaneka www.infomongolia.com/directory/ Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yemithombo yamaphepha atyheli asisiseko akhoyo kwindawo ye-intanethi yaseMongolia namhlanje. Kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba ujonge imithombo emininzi xa ukhangela amashishini athile okanye ababoneleli ngenkonzo kulo naliphi na ilizwe.

Amaqonga amakhulu orhwebo

IMongolia ibone ukukhula okubonakalayo kwicandelo layo le-e-commerce kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Nanga amanye amaqonga e-e-commerce elizwe kunye nee-URL zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-Mart.mn - I-Mart yenye yeendawo eziphambili zokuthenga kwi-intanethi eMongolia, inikezela ngeemveliso ezininzi ezivela kwizinto zombane kunye nempahla ukuya kwizinto zasekhaya. umthombo: www.mart.mn 2. MyShops - MyShops liqonga elikhulayo le-e-commerce elidibanisa abathengisi basekhaya kunye nabathengi kulo lonke elaseMongolia. Ibonelela ngendlela efanelekileyo yokuthenga iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo. Iwebhusayithi: www.myshops.mn 3. IGooGoo - iGooGoo yindawo yentengiso ekwi-intanethi eyaziwa ngokukhethwa kwayo kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ifashoni, izinto zombane, izithambiso, kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya. Ibonelela ngeebrendi zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe ukujongana nezinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi. umthombo: www.googoo.mn 4. I-Hunnu Mall - i-Hunnu Mall yindawo yokuthenga ethandwayo eMongolia eyandise ubukho bayo kwi-intanethi ngeqonga le-e-commerce. Inika uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso ukusuka kwimpahla ukuya kwi-kitchenware kunye neemveliso zobuhle. umthombo: www.hunnumall.com 5 . Ivenkile yaseNomin-iNomin Shop igxile ekuthengiseni izinto zombane ezifana nee-smartphones, iikhompyutha, iikhamera, kunye nezixhobo ngamaxabiso akhuphisanayo kwimarike yaseMongolia ngevenkile yayo ekwi-intanethi. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.nomin-shop.com 6 . ISuper Net kwi-Intanethi-iSuper Net kwi-Intanethi igxile ekuboneleleni ngeenkonzo ezinxulumene ne-intanethi ezinje ngoqhagamshelo lwebroadband, izixhobo ezikrelekrele, izisombululo ezizisebenzelayo zasekhaya, kunye neenkonzo ze-IT ngewebhusayithi yazo. umthombo: www.supernetonline.net La ngamanye amaqonga e-e-commerce abalaseleyo asebenza ngaphakathi kwendawo yentengiso yedijithali yaseMongolia. Qaphela: Njengoko iindlela ze-intanethi zivela ngokukhawuleza kwaye amashishini amatsha evela rhoqo, kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba wenze uphando lwakho okanye uqhagamshelane nemithombo ehlaziyiweyo yolona lwazi luchanekileyo malunga neewebhusayithi ezithile okanye naziphi na izongezo ezintsha / eziphumayo ngaphakathi kweli candelo loshishino eMongolia.

Amaqonga amakhulu eendaba zoluntu

Kukho amaqonga eendaba ezentlalo eMongolia adumileyo phakathi kwabahlali bayo. Nalu uluhlu lwala maqonga kunye needilesi zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com) I-Facebook yenye yezona ndawo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimidiya yoluntu eMongolia. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba baqhagamshelane nabahlobo, babelane ngohlaziyo, iifoto, kunye neevidiyo. 2. Twitter (www.twitter.com) I-Twitter yenye indawo yonxibelelwano ethandwayo eMongolia. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba babelane ngemiyalezo emifutshane okanye "ii-tweets" kunye nabalandeli babo kwaye bahlale behlaziyiwe kwiziganeko zangoku. 3. Instagram (www.instagram.com) I-Instagram isetyenziswa kakhulu ngabantu baseMongolia ukwabelana ngeefoto kunye neevidiyo nabahlobo babo kunye nabalandeli. Abasebenzisi banokujonga iindlela ezithandwayo ngeehashtag. 4. VKontakte (vk.com) I-VKontakte, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-VK, yindawo yenethiwekhi yaseRashiya esekwe eRashiya efumene ukuthandwa eMongolia. Ibonelela ngeempawu ezifana noFacebook njengokwabelana ngomxholo, ukwenza amaqela okanye amaphepha, kunye nokuncokola nabahlobo. 5.Kuukeduo(微视) https://kuukeduo.mn/ Kuukeduo(Mongolian: 微视) sisixhobo sokwabelana ngevidiyo esekwe eMongolia esifana neTikTok esele idume kakhulu kulutsha lwaseMongolia. 6.Odonchimeg.mn(Одончимэг - Социаль холбооны шилдэг сайт): https://odonchimeg.mn/ I-Odonchimeg.mn liqonga leendaba laseMongolia lasekuhlaleni elinikezela ngeempawu ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokunxibelelana nabahlobo, ukwabelana ngeengcinga okanye amanqaku, kunye nokuphonononga uhlaziyo lweendaba. 7.TsagiinTailbar(Цагийн тайлбар): http://tzag.chatsmgl.net/ I-Tsagiin Tailbar(i-Monglian: Цагийн тайлбар) liqonga lokwabelana ngeendaba laseMongolia elidumileyo apho abasebenzisi banokuthumela amanqaku, baphawule ngezithuba zabanye, kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwiingxoxo. 8. UGogo.mn(Гоогоо - Монголын олон нийтийн портал): https://www.gogo.mn/ UGogo.mn yingosi ye-intanethi yaseMongolia enikezela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nohlaziyo lweendaba, urhwebo lwe-e-commerce, kunye nokusebenza kwenethiwekhi yoluntu ukunxibelelana nabahlobo kunye nokwabelana ngeengcinga. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ubukho kunye nokuthandwa kwala maqonga kunokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Imibutho emikhulu yoshishino

IMongolia, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Land of the Blue Sky," lilizwe elikuMbindi Asia. Inoluhlu lwamashishini ahlukeneyo anegalelo kuqoqosho lwayo. Nantsi eminye yemibutho ephambili yoshishino eMongolia kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. I-Mongolian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry (MNCCI) - I-MNCCI imele umdla wamashishini eMongolia kwaye ikhuthaza urhwebo, utyalo-mali kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho ngaphakathi kweli lizwe. Iwebhusayithi yabo yile: https://mnci.mn/en/ 2. I-Mongolian Bankers Association (MBA) - I-MBA isebenza ekuphuhliseni nasekuqiniseni icandelo lebhanki eMongolia ngokuququzelela intsebenziswano phakathi kweebhanki kunye nokukhuthaza iindlela ezifanelekileyo. Iwebhusayithi yabo yile: http://www.mbassoci.org.mn/ 3. I-Mongolian Mining Association (MMA) - I-MMA imele iinkampani zemigodi ezisebenza eMongolia kwaye zikhuthaza izenzo zemigodi ezinoxanduva ngelixa zinegalelo ekukhuleni koqoqosho oluzinzileyo. Iwebhusayithi yabo yile: http://mongoliamining.org/ 4. Umbutho waseMongolia oVuselelekayo waMashishini oMzi-mveliso (i-MoREIA) - i-MoREIA igxile ekukhuthazeni ukuveliswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo, ukunciphisa ukuthembela kumafutha efosili, kunye nokukhuthaza imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo exhasa ukukhula kwamandla avuselelekayo eMongolia. Iwebhusayithi yabo ithi: http://www.morei.nuuledom.mn/Home/index 5. I-Mongolian Tourism Association (MTA) - i-MTA isebenza ekukhuthazeni ukhenketho njengecandelo eliphambili lokukhula koqoqosho ngokusebenzisana ngokusebenzayo nabachaphazelekayo ukuphucula iziseko zokhenketho kunye neenkonzo eMongolia. Iwebhusayithi yabo yile: http://www.tourismassociation.mn/ 6. IBhunga le-ICT yaseMongolia- Ukukhuthaza uhlaziyo oluya kutsala utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle kwicandelo lobuchwephesha bolwazi kwinqanaba lesizwe; qinisekisa uphuhliso loluntu lolwazi oludibeneyo kwinqanaba lengingqi ndwendwela iwebhusayithi yabo @https://mongoliadigital.com/council/ict-council. Le mibutho yoshishino idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumeleni umdla wamacandelo abo ngelixa inegalelo kuphuhliso loqoqosho ngokubanzi eMongolia. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezi webhusayithi zinokutshintshwa, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba undwendwele iwebhusayithi yombutho ochaphazelekayo ngolwazi oluhlaziyiweyo.

Iiwebhusayithi zeshishini kunye norhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zezoqoqosho kunye nezorhwebo ezinxulumene neMongolia. Nalu uluhlu lwezinye zazo: 1. Ulonwabo lweSizwe lwaseMongolia: https://www.grossnationalhappiness.com Le webhusayithi ibonelela ngolwazi ngoqoqosho, urhwebo, amathuba oshishino, kunye notyalo-mali eMongolia. Ikwaqaqambisa amalinge ophuhliso lwelizwe oluzinzileyo. 2. ICandelo laseMongolia loRhwebo noShishino: http://www.mongolchamber.mn Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeChamber of Commerce and Industry yaseMongolia inikezela ngezixhobo ezixabisekileyo zokukhuthaza urhwebo, uthungelwano lweshishini, uphando lwemarike, kunye namathuba otyalo-mali eMongolia. 3. I-Arhente yoTyalo-mali lwangaphandle-UMphathiswa weMicimbi yaNgaphandle: https://foreigninvestment.mn Le webhusayithi isebenza njengesango kubatyali-mali bangaphandle abafuna ukujonga amathuba eMongolia. Inika ulwazi olubanzi malunga nokutyalomali kumacandelo ahlukeneyo oqoqosho lwaseMongolia. 4. IBhanki yoRhwebo noPhuhliso: https://www.tdbm.mn IBhanki yoRhwebo kunye noPhuhliso yenye yeziko lezemali elihamba phambili eMongolia eligxile ekuxhaseni amashishini ngeenkonzo zorhwebo zorhwebo, ukuxhaswa kweeprojekthi, kunye nokusebenza kweebhanki zamazwe ngamazwe. 5. Tyala i-Arhente yaseMongolia-UMphathiswa wezeMigodi kunye noShishino olunzima: http://investmongolia.gov.mn/en/ Izinikele ekukhuthazeni amathuba otyalo-mali kwicandelo lezemigodi laseMongolia, le webhusayithi ibonelela ngolwazi malunga namaphepha-mvume, imimiselo, iiprojekthi ezifumanekayo kubudlelwane botyalo-mali okanye ukufunyanwa. 6. ExportMongolia.gov.mn: https://exportmongolia.gov.mn/eng/ Iqhutywa nguMphathiswa weMicimbi yezaNgaphandle, eli qonga lixhasa amashishini aseMongolia ngokubonelela ngoncedo ngokuthumela iimveliso zabo kwiimarike zangaphandle ngokufikelela kulwazi lwemarike. 7. AmaBhunga oShishino & neMibutho: I-American Chamber of Commerce eMongolia (AmCham): http://amcham.org.il/en/Home/ - European Business Association (EBA): http://www.eba-mng.com/members.html - Umbutho woShishino waseJamani-Mongolian (DMUV): https://dmuv.de Ezi webhusayithi zibonelela ngezimvo ezixabisekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseMongolia, amanani-manani orhwebo, amathuba otyalo-mali, imigaqo yorhwebo, kunye namaqonga onxibelelwano lweshishini.

Iiwebhusayithi zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi ezibonelela ngedatha yorhwebo malunga neMongolia. Nazi ezimbalwa zezona ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa, kunye namakhonkco ewebhusayithi: 1. Ulawulo Jikelele lweCustoms yaseMongolia (https://www.customs.mn/) - Le yiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yoLawulo oluPhambili lweCustoms yaseMongolia. Ibonelela ngolwazi olubanzi ngeenkcukacha-manani zorhwebo lwangaphandle, kubandakanywa idatha yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. 2. I-Ofisi ye-Statistics yeSizwe yaseMongolia (http://www.nso.mn/en) - I-Ofisi ye-Statistics yeSizwe yaseMongolia iqokelela kwaye ipapashe idatha yeenkcukacha-manani ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa izibalo zorhwebo. Iwebhusayithi inikezela ngeengxelo, iitafile, kunye neempapasho ezinxulumene norhwebo lwangaphandle. 3. Imephu yoRhwebo (https://trademap.org/Country_SelProduct_TS.aspx) - Imephu yoRhwebo sisixhobo se-intanethi esiphuhliswe liZiko loRhwebo laMazwe ngaMazwe (ITC). Ibonelela ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe ngeenkcukacha-manani zokungenisa / ukuthumela ngaphandle kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya iMongolia. 4. Uvimba weDatha we-UN Comtrade (https://comtrade.un.org/) - Uvimba weenkcukacha-manani woRhwebo weZizwe eziManyeneyo uvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafikelele kwidatha yorhwebo lwehlabathi phantse kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathi. Unokukhetha iMongolia kwimenyu yelizwe kwaye ufumane ulwazi oluneenkcukacha zorhwebo ngokwecandelo okanye ngemveliso. 5. Izalathisi zoPhuhliso lweBhanki yeHlabathi yeBhanki yeHlabathi ( https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators ) - Izalathisi zoPhuhliso lweHlabathi zeBhanki yeHlabathi zibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweeseti zeenkcukacha-manani eziquka imiba emininzi yentlalo-qoqosho kwihlabathi jikelele, kubandakanywa nehlabathi jikelele. urhwebo lokuthengisa eMongolia. Ezi webhusayithi ziya kukubonelela ngedatha yorhwebo esexesheni malunga nokungeniswa kweMongolia kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle, iququzelela uphando lwakho okanye uhlalutyo olunxulumene nentengiselwano yeshishini lamazwe ngamazwe ebandakanya ilizwe. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezinye iisayithi zinokufuna ukubhaliswa okanye zibe nezithintelo ezithile ekufikeleleni kwiiseti zedatha ethile

amaqonga B2b

IMongolia, ilizwe elivaliweyo eMpuma Asia, isenokungabi nawo amaqonga e-B2B amaninzi njengezinye izizwe, kodwa kusekho ezimbalwa eziphawulekayo ezinokusetyenziswa ngamashishini. Nanga amanye amaqonga e-B2B eMongolia kunye nee-URL zabo: 1. I-Arhente yoPhuhliso lwezoShishino lwaseMongolia (MBDA) - Iqonga le-MBDA libonelela ngolwazi malunga namathuba oshishino ahlukeneyo eMongolia kwaye linikezela ngeenkonzo zokufanisa iinkampani zasekhaya kunye nezangaphandle. Iwebhusayithi: www.mongolbd.com 2. I-Mongolian Trade and Industrial Association (MTIA) - i-MTIA ngumbutho okhuthaza urhwebo kunye nophuhliso loshishino eMongolia. Iwebhusayithi yabo ibandakanya uluhlu lweenkampani ezingamalungu, ezivumela amashishini ukuba afumane amaqabane anokubakho okanye ababoneleli ngaphakathi elizweni. umthombo: www.mtia.mn 3. I-Mongolian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry (MNCCI) - i-MNCCI ibonelela ngezibonelelo kumashishini afuna ukungena okanye ukwandisa imisebenzi yawo eMongolia. Iqonga labo le-intanethi libandakanya uluhlu lweshishini, amathuba onxibelelwano, kunye nokufikelela kulwazi lwentengiso. Iwebhusayithi: www.mongolchamber.mn 4. I-Biznetwork - I-Biznetwork liqonga le-intanethi elidumileyo elidibanisa amashishini asuka kumashishini ahlukeneyo kulo lonke elaseMongolia, ejonge ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano kunye namathuba obuhlakani phakathi kweenkampani ezingaphakathi kwimida yelizwe. Iwebhusayithi: www.biznetwork.mn 5. I-Asian Business AirBridge (ABAB) - I-ABAB liqonga lokurhweba lamazwe ngamazwe elenza ukuba amashishini aseMongolia adibanise nabathengi, abathumela ngaphandle, kunye nabathumela ngaphandle kwihlabathi jikelele ngokubabonelela ngezisombululo zokurhweba ezilungiselelwe iimfuno zabo. Iwebhusayithi: www.ababtrade.com/en/mng.html La maqonga e-B2B anokusebenza njengezixhobo eziluncedo kumashishini afuna intsebenziswano okanye afuna ukwandisa imisebenzi yawo ngaphakathi kwemida yaseMongolia okanye ngaphaya kwemida yamazwe ngamazwe. Khumbula ukuba kusoloko kucetyiswa ukuba wenze inkuthalo phambi kokuba udibane nalo naliphi na iqonga le-B2B okanye inkampani xa kuqwalaselwa intsebenziswano enokubakho okanye intengiselwano yeshishini.
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