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Izimakethe Eziyinhloko
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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
IMongolia, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngeRiphabhulikhi yaseMongolia, iyizwe elivaliwe eliseMpumalanga ye-Asia. Izungezwe iRussia enyakatho neChina eningizimu, empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Njengoba inabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezi-3, ingelinye lamazwe anabantu abambalwa kakhulu emhlabeni. IMongolia inomlando ocebile njengoba yake yaba isikhungo soMbuso WamaMongol owasakazekela engxenyeni enkulu ye-Asia naseYurophu phakathi nekhulu le-13 nele-14. Namuhla, iMongolia igcina izibopho eziqinile zamasiko esikhathini sayo esidlule sokuzulazula. Inhloko-dolobha yaseMongolia yi-Ulaanbaatar, okubuye kube yidolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke. Isebenza njengesizinda samasiko nezomnotho sezwe. Nakuba imikhuba yendabuko yokuzulazula isekhona ezindaweni zasemakhaya, i-Ulaanbaatar ikhombisa ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje ngamabhilidi ahlangene nama-yurts (izindlu eziphathwayo zendabuko). Indawo yaseMongolia inikezela ngobuhle obumangalisayo ngezitebhisi ezinkulu, izintaba ezinjengo-Altai neKhangai ezibonisa indawo yemvelo emangalisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inezindawo ezinezimpawu ezifana neLake Khövsgöl (eyaziwa nangokuthi "iBlue Pearl") - elinye lamachibi amakhulu amanzi ahlanzekile e-Asia - kanye ne-Gobi Desert - enye yezindawo ezihlala ogwadule eziyingqayizivele emhlabeni. Umnotho uncike kakhulu ezinsizeni zezimayini ezifana namalahle, ithusi, igolide, i-uranium kanye nemikhuba yokwelusa yendabuko efana nokufuya ukukhiqiza uboya be-cashmere. Ukwengeza, ezokuvakasha zidlala indima ebalulekile lapho izivakashi zamazwe ngamazwe zidonselwa emikhosini yamasiko efana neNaadam noma ukuhlola izindawo ezigcina izilwane zasendle ezimangalisayo njenge-Hustai National Park. Isiko lase-Mongolia libonisa inhlonipho ejulile yamasiko futhi ligcizelela ukungenisa izihambi ezihambelini ezibizwa ngokuthi "Aaruul" noma "Hadag" ezivame ukunikezwa zibonisa ukwazisa ngemikhuba yokungenisa izihambi emphakathini wabo. Ngokwesakhiwo sokubusa, amaqembu ezepolitiki amele izintshisekelo ezehlukene ohlelweni lwePhalamende olwakhiwe ngaphansi kwemodeli yentando yeningi yephalamende kusukela uguquko lwentando yeningi lwenzeka ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1990 lapho luguquka lusuka kuhulumeni wezenhlalakahle luye kwintando yeningi kuhloswe ngalo ukuqinisa amalungelo abantu, ukukhuthaza inkululeko, kanye nokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yomphakathi. Sengiphetha, iMongolia iyizwe elihehayo elaziwa ngamagugu alo okuzulazula, izindawo ezimangalisayo, namasiko ahlukile. Naphezu kokuba yisizwe esincane, ishiye uphawu olungacimeki emlandweni futhi iyaqhubeka nokunikeza ulwazi oluhlukile kubo bobabili bendawo kanye nabavakashi bamazwe ngamazwe ngokufanayo.
Imali Yezwe
IMongolia, izwe elivalekile eliseMpumalanga ye-Asia, isebenzisa iTögrög yaseMongolia njengohlobo lwemali yalo esemthethweni. Uphawu lohlobo lwemali ₮ futhi luvame ukufushaniswa njenge-MNT. I-Tögrög yaseMongolia yethulwa ngo-1925, ithatha indawo yemali yangaphambili ebizwa ngokuthi idola laseMongolia. Inqubomgomo yezimali yaseMongolia iphethwe yiBhange LaseMongolia, elinesibopho sokugcina ukuqina kwamanani kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho. Njengebhange elizimele elizimele, lakha futhi lisebenzise izinqubomgomo zokulawula ukuhlinzekwa kwemali kanye nokuphatha izimali zokuhwebelana zangaphandle. Izinga lokushintshana lamanje le-Mongolian Tögrög liyahluka uma liqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zemali ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe njengamadola ase-US noma ama-Euro. Njengezinye izinhlobo zemali eziningi, inani layo lingashintshashintsha ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa izinguquko ezimweni zezomnotho zomhlaba, izinqubomgomo zezohwebo, amazinga okwehla kwamandla emali asekhaya, kanye nomuzwa wabatshalizimali ngezimakethe ezisafufusa. Ngokuya ngamahlelo, ama-banknote atholakala ngamavelu ahlukahlukene ukusuka ku-1₮ kuye ku-20,000₮. Inothi ngalinye libonisa izibalo ezibalulekile ezivela emlandweni waseMongolia noma izimpawu zamasiko ezibalulekile ezimelela ifa laseMongolia. Ukuze uthole i-Mongolian Tögrög ngenkathi uvakashele noma uhlala e-Mongolia, umuntu angasebenzisa amabhange endawo noma amahhovisi okushintshanisa imali agunyaziwe atholakala kuwo wonke amadolobha amakhulu. Ama-ATM atholakala kabanzi kuzo zonke izindawo zasemadolobheni lapho ukuhoxiswa kwemali kusetshenziswa amakhadi edebhithi aphesheya noma amakhadi esikweletu kungenzeka. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba amanye amahhotela nezikhungo ezinkudlwana zingase zamukele izimali zamazwe ngamazwe njengamadola ase-US noma ama-Euro ngezinjongo zokukhokha (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zezivakashi), kuyatuseka ukuba kube nemali yasendaweni lapho kwenziwa izinto eziningi ngaphakathi kwezwe. Sekukonke, ukuqonda isimo semali yaseMongolia kuzoba usizo lapho uhamba noma wenza noma yimiphi imisebenzi yezezimali kuleli zwe elihlukile lase-Asia.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali esemthethweni yaseMongolia yi-Mongolian Tugrik (MNT). Amanani okushintshaniswa kwezimali ezinkulu ukuya e-Mongolian Tugrik angahluka futhi angashintsha. Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2021, cishe: - I-US Dollar (USD) ilingana namaTugrik aseMongolia angaba ngu-2,835. - I-Euro engu-1 (EUR) ilingana namaTugrik aseMongolia angaba ngu-3,324. - I-British Pound (GBP) ilingana nama-Mongolian Tugrik acishe abe ngu-3,884. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zilinganiso zokushintshisana zingase zishintshe ngenxa yezimo zemakethe. Ngamazinga okushintshanisa anembile futhi asesikhathini samanje, kuyanconywa ukuthi ubhekisele kumthombo wezezimali onedumela elihle noma uxhumane nebhange noma isevisi yokushintshisana ngemali.
Amaholide Abalulekile
IMongolia iyizwe elicebile ngamasiko nemikhosi. Nansi eminye imikhosi ebalulekile eyenzeka eMongolia: 1. I-Naadam Festival: I-Naadam umkhosi omkhulu nobaluleke kakhulu e-Mongolia, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi "Imidlalo Emithathu Yamadoda". Kwenziwa minyaka yonke kusukela ngoJulayi 11-13 futhi kugujwa Imidlalo Emithathu Yabesilisa yokubambana, imijaho yamahhashi, nokucibishela. Abantu abavela ezweni lonke bayahlangana ukuze babambe iqhaza noma babuke le miqhudelwano yemidlalo yesintu. 2. I-Tsagaan Sar (Inyanga Emhlophe): I-Tsagaan Sar ukugujwa konyaka omusha wase-Mongolia, okwenzeka phakathi kukaJanuwari noFebruwari. Kuthatha izinsuku ezintathu futhi kuyisikhathi sokuthi imindeni ihlangane, ishintshisane ngezipho, ivakashele izihlobo, idle ukudla kwesintu okufana ne-buuz (amadombolo ashubile), idlale imidlalo, futhi ihlanganyele emicikilishweni yasendulo efana noShagai - ukudutshulwa kweqakala. 3. Umkhosi Wokhozi: Lo mkhosi oyingqayizivele wenzeka entshonalanga yeMongolia phakathi kuka-September no-October lapho abazingeli bokhozi bebonisa amakhono abo amangalisayo okuzingela ngezinkozi zabo eziqeqeshiwe. Lo mcimbi uhlanganisa imiqhudelwano efana nemincintiswano yokhozi, imibukiso ye-falconry, imidlalo yomculo wesintu ehambisana nemibukiso yokugibela amahhashi. 4.Tsagaan Idee (Ukudla Okumhlophe): Kugujwa ebusika ngoDisemba 22 ngokohlelo lwekhalenda lenyanga yaseMongolia; lolu suku luphawula ukunikeza ukudla okumhlophe noma imikhiqizo yobisi eyenziwe ngokuphelele ngabesifazane kusuka kukhilimu; kukholakala ukuthi lesi senzo singaletha inhlanhla onyakeni ozayo, imindeni eminingi ibamba amadili ngezitsha ezifana nemikhiqizo yobisi (ushizi) ngokwesiko okwenziwa ngekamela noma ubisi lwenkomo. Le mikhosi ivumela abantu ukuthi bahloniphe amagugu abo anothile kuphela kodwa futhi iheha izivakashi ezivela emhlabeni wonke ezifuna ukuzibonela mathupha isiko laseMongolia.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
IMongolia iyizwe elivaliwe eliseMpumalanga ye-Asia, elisemngceleni weRussia ngasenyakatho neChina eningizimu. Naphezu kwezingqinamba zendawo, iMongolia inomkhakha wezohwebo ophumelelayo onegalelo elikhulu ekukhuleni komnotho wayo. IMongolia ngokuyinhloko ithumela ngaphandle impahla efana namaminerali, ikakhulukazi amalahle nethusi. Lezi zinsiza zibandakanya ingxenye enkulu yesamba semali etholwayo yokuthekelisa yaseMongolia. Izimbiwa eziningi zezwe zikwenza kube indawo ekhangayo ezinkampanini zezimayini ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iMongolia ibilokhu ishintsha ukuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe ngokuthuthukisa ezinye izimboni ezifana nezolimo, izindwangu, nemikhiqizo ye-cashmere. Uhulumeni usesebenzise izinqubomgomo ezahlukene zokweseka le mikhakha kanye nokukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yalokho, lezi zimboni zibe nokukhula okuphawulekayo futhi zifaka isandla ekwandeni kohwebo lwaseMongolia. I-China inguzakwethu omkhulu wokuhweba waseMongolia ngenxa yokuba seduze kwayo nobudlelwano obuqinile bezomnotho. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Mongolia kuncike kakhulu emakethe yaseShayina, namaminerali akha ingxenye enkulu yalokhu kuhwebelana. I-Russia ingomunye umlingani obalulekile wokuhweba ongenisa ngokuyinhloko imikhiqizo yezolimo yaseMongolia njengenyama nokolweni. IMongolia iphinde izibandakanye ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe namanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele okuhlanganisa iJapan, iNingizimu Korea, iJalimane kanye ne-Australia. Lawa mazwe angenisa impahla ehlukahlukene esuka eMongolia noma enze amaphrojekthi okusebenzisana emikhakheni efana nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda noma amandla avuselelekayo. Naphezu kokubhekana nokuguquguquka ngenxa yezimo zemakethe yomhlaba wonke namanani entengo, uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwaseMongolia lubonise ukuqina ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imizamo yenziwa uhulumeni waseMongolia yokuthuthukisa ubudlelwano bezohwebo ngokusungula izimo zebhizinisi ezivumayo eziheha ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe. Sekukonke, naphezu kokuthi ivaliwe, iMongolia inomkhakha wezohwebo okhuthele oqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko ukuthunyelwa kwezimbiwa emazweni angaphandle kanye nemizamo yokwehlukahlukana iye kwezinye izimboni ezifana nezolimo. Izingubo, i-cashmere, nemikhiqizo yemfuyo. Ubudlelwano obuqinile neChina kuhlanganiswe nobudlelwano obukhulayo nezinye izizwe buyaqhubeka buqina. ubukhona baseMongolia ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
IMongolia, eseCentral Asia, inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yohwebo lwangaphandle. Izwe linothile ngezinto zemvelo ezihlanganisa izimbiwa phansi njengamalahle, ithusi, igolide ne-uranium. Lezi zinsiza zingasetshenziselwa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe futhi zihehe ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe. Into eyodwa enkulu enomthelela ekuhwebeni kweMongolia indawo yayo ekahle phakathi kwezikhungo ezimbili ezinamandla kwezomnotho: iChina neRussia. Womabili la mazwe angabathengi abaningi abavela kwamanye amazwe bezinto ezingavuthiwe, okunikeza ithuba elibalulekile lokuthekelisa kweMongolia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufinyelela kweMongolia ku-Trans-Mongolian Railway kanye nokuxhumana kwemigwaqo ne-China ne-Russia kuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yayo yezokuthutha ukuze kuhwetshwe. Umkhakha wezolimo nawo udlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni waseMongolia. Njengoba kunezindawo ezinotshani eziwudedangendlale ezifanele ukufuywa kwemfuyo nokufuywa kwezilwane ezigxilile emasikweni abo, iMongolia ingakhiqiza imikhiqizo yenyama yeqophelo eliphezulu njengenyama yenkomo newundlu ngezinjongo zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Eminyakeni yakamuva, uhulumeni waseMongolia uthathe izinyathelo ezahlukahlukene zokuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe ngenkathi ehlukanisa imakethe yakhe yokuthekelisa ngale kwemithombo yemvelo. Basebenzise izinguquko ezingokomthetho ezivuna ukusebenza kwebhizinisi ngokwenza lula izinqubo zamasiko nokuthuthukisa ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo empahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhakha wezokuvakasha ubonise amandla amakhulu okukhula ngenxa yezindawo ezihlukile zaseMongolia ezihlanganisa izingwadule, izintaba (ezifana nogwadule oludumile lwaseGobi), amapaki kazwelonke aqukethe izilwane zasendle ezisengozini yokushabalala njengezingwe zeqhwa noma amahhashi asendle (aziwa ngokuthi amahhashi e-Przewalski). Lokhu kuvula amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwe-ecotourism kanye nezinsizakalo ezihlobene ezinikeza izivakashi zamazwe ngamazwe. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinselele zikhona ezingase zithiye ukufezeka ngokugcwele kwamandla okuhweba aseMongolia. Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda enganele ezindaweni ezithile kudala izithiyo ekuthuthweni kwezimpahla ngendlela efanele ezweni. Ukwengeza, ukungazinzi kwezombusazwe noma ukushintshashintsha kwezintengo zempahla yomhlaba kungaba nomthelela omubi kokubili emandleni okukhiqiza ngaphakathi kanye nemali engenayo yokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe. Sekukonke, ngobuningi bemithombo yayo yemvelo ehlanganiswe nendawo enenzuzo phakathi kweChina neRussia kanye nemizamo eyenziwa uhulumeni yokuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa nezokuvakasha - iMongolia inamandla amakhulu okuhwebelana. Ngokubhekana nezinselele ezikhona kanye nokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo ezilungele ibhizinisi, iMongolia ingaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle futhi ikhulise ukukhula komnotho wayo.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Ukuze uhlonze imikhiqizo edumile yemakethe yohwebo yangaphandle eMongolia, kubalulekile ukucabangela isiko lezwe, isimo somnotho, kanye nesidingo sabathengi. Nazi ezinye izinyathelo ongazilandela ukuze ukhethe imikhiqizo edayiswayo: 1. Ucwaningo lwamathrendi emakethe: Qala ngokuthola imininingwane ngemakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yaseMongolia kanye nezimo zamanje. Bheka imibiko yezinto ezidayiswa kakhulu ezidingeka kakhulu noma obona indlela yokukhula. 2. Hlaziya Amasiko Endawo: Qonda okuthandwa ngamasiko abathengi baseMongolia kanye nemikhuba yabo yokuthenga. Cabangela izici ezifana namasiko endabuko, izintandokazi zendlela yokuphila, nokuhluka kwesizini okungase kube nomthelela ekukhethweni komkhiqizo. 3. Hlola Imvelo Yomnotho: Hlola izimo zomnotho zaseMongolia, okuhlanganisa izinga lokukhula kwe-GDP, izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali, imithetho yokungenisa/yokuthekelisa, kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izici ezifanele ezithinta amandla okusebenzisa imali kwabathengi noma izinqubomgomo zohwebo. 4. Thola Izimakethe Ze-Niche: Bheka amathuba ezimakethe ezithile ze-niche lapho isidingo siphezulu kodwa ukunikezwa kungase kube nomkhawulo. Lokhu kungabandakanya imikhakha efana nezimbiwa/izinsiza zokumba noma izixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezenzelwe ezolimo noma izimboni zamandla avuselelekayo. 5. Gxila Emikhiqizweni Eqhubekayo: Uma ucabangela ukuzibophezela kweMongolia ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kanye nemikhuba evumelana nemvelo, bheka imikhiqizo ehambisana nale mithetho efana nokudla okuphilayo noma ubuchwepheshe obunobungani bemvelo. 6. Cabangela Amaphuzu Amanani: Thola ukuzwela kwentengo emakethe yaseMongolia ngokuhlaziya amazinga emali engenayo kanye nesilinganiso sezindleko zasendlini; khetha imikhiqizo ebhekelela amaphuzu entengo ehlukene kuyilapho ugcina amazinga ekhwalithi. 7. Ubambisana Nabasabalalisi/Abahlinzeki Bendawo: Sebenzisana nabasabalalisi basendaweni noma abahlinzeki abanolwazi ezimakethe zaseMongolia; ulwazi lwabo lungakusiza likuqondise ekukhetheni umkhiqizo ophumelelayo ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwesikhathi esidlule. 8. Yenza Uhlolovo Lwezimakethe/Izifundo Ezingenzeka: Beka kuqala uhlolovo phakathi kwabathengi abaqondiwe ukuze uqinisekise imibono engase ibe khona yomkhiqizo ngaphambi kokutshala imali kakhulu kuyo; izifundo ezingenzeka zizohlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nezidingo/okufunwa yikhasimende ngaphambi kokungena ezinhlelweni ezinkulu zokukhiqiza/zokusabalalisa. 9. Qapha Ukuncintisana: Gcina iso elibukhali emisebenzini yezimbangi zakho; bheka ukuthi yiziphi izigaba zomkhiqizo eziphumelelayo futhi ufune izindlela zokuhlukanisa noma zokusungula okunikezwayo kwakho. 10. I-Adaptha kanye ne-Evolve: Qhubeka uqaphe izinguquko zemakethe, izintandokazi, futhi ulungise ukukhetha komkhiqizo wakho ngokufanele. Hlala unolwazi mayelana nokuvela kwezidingo zabathengi ukuze uqinisekise impumelelo eqhubekayo emakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yaseMongolia. Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, ungenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ngenkathi ukhetha imikhiqizo yemakethe yohwebo yangaphandle eMongolia, wandise amathuba akho okuthola impumelelo.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
IMongolia iyizwe elivaliwe eliseMpumalanga ye-Asia, elaziwa ngamagugu alo anothile namasiko ahlukile. Lapho usebenzisana namakhasimende aseMongolia, kubalulekile ukuqonda izici zamakhasimende awo kanye nezingavumelekile. 1. Izici Zekhasimende: Amakhasimende aseMongolia ngokuvamile ayabazisa ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu kanye nokwethemba okwenziwa yibhizinisi. Ukwakha ubuhlobo nabo kubalulekile empumelelweni yesikhathi eside. Ukwengeza, bayakwazisa ukugcina isikhathi futhi balindele izimpendulo ezisheshayo zemibuzo noma izicelo. 2. Indlela Yokudla: Lapho udla namakhasimende aseMongolia, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimiso zokuziphatha zamasiko ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, linda umuntu omdala kunabo bonke etafuleni ukuze aqale ukudla ngaphambi kokuba udle. Bonisa inhlonipho ngokungaqali baze baqale. Futhi, gwema ukuthinta ukudla ngesandla sakho sobunxele njengoba kuthathwa njengokungcolile ngesiko laseMongolia. 3. Ukuphana izipho: Ukuphana izipho kuvamile eMongolia njengendlela yokubonisa ukwazisa noma ukwakha ubudlelwano. Nokho, kunokucatshangelwa okuthile lapho ukhetha izipho zamaklayenti aseMongolia: Gwema ukunikeza izinto ezibukhali njengoba zifanekisela ukunqamula izibopho noma ubudlelwano; yeka ukunikeza utshwala ngaphandle uma uqinisekile ukuthi umemukeli uyaphuza; sebenzisa izandla zombili njalo lapho upha noma wamukela izipho. 4.Ukuxhumana Kwebhizinisi: Mayelana nezitayela zokuxhumana ngesikhathi sokusebenzelana kwebhizinisi, abantu baseMongolia bavame ukuba izikhulumi ezingaqondile nezinesizotha.Zama ukuhlonipha ngokugwema ukuphazamisa noma ukugomela kakhulu phakathi nezingxoxo.Bekezela lapho uxoxisana ngamadili njengoba izinqubo zokuthatha izinqumo zingathatha isikhathi eside ngenxa yokwakha ukuvumelana. imikhuba. 5. Amasiko Endabuko: Kubalulekile ukuhlonipha ifa laseMongolia lokuzulazula. Ukuze ugweme ukucasula amakhasimende akho aseMongolia: ungalokothi unyathele imingcele - lezi zithathwa njengezindawo ezingcwele;gwema ukukhomba abantu ngomunwe owodwa - esikhundleni salokho sebenzisa isenzo sesandla esivulekile;uma uvakashele i-ger (indawo yokuhlala yendabuko) , cela imvume ngaphambi kokungena futhi khumbula ukuthi abesifazane bahlala ohlangothini lwesobunxele kuyilapho amadoda ehlezi ngakwesokudla ngaphakathi; ukubingelela okulula kokuthi "sawubona" ​​kunganikezwa ngokuphakamisa isandla sakho sokunene, izintende zivule, futhi uthi "Sain baina uu. " Sengiphetha, ukuqonda izici zekhasimende nama-taboos eMongolia kubalulekile ekusebenzisaneni okuphumelelayo kwebhizinisi. Ukwakha ukwethembana, ukuhlanganyela ekukhulumisaneni okunesizotha, ukuhlonipha amasiko afana nemikhuba yokudla kanye nokuphana izipho kuzosiza ukuqinisa ubudlelwano obuqinile namakhasimende aseMongolia.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kwemikhuba yaseMongolia kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha kubalulekile ukuqonda kunoma ubani ohlela ukuvakashela noma ukwenza ibhizinisi eMongolia. Amasiko eMongolia anomthwalo wemfanelo wokulawula nokulawula ukuhamba kwezimpahla ezingenayo neziphumayo ezweni. Basebenzisa imithetho neziqondiso ezihlukahlukene okuhloswe ngazo ukugcina ukulondeka, ukuvikela izithakazelo zezwe, ukuvimbela ukushushumbiswa, nokukhuthaza ukuhwebelana ngobulungisa. Isici esisodwa esibalulekile sohlelo lokuphathwa kwempahla yaseMongolia yizinqubo zokungenisa/ukuthumela ngaphandle. Izivakashi noma amabhizinisi kufanele amemezele noma yiziphi izimpahla ezifika kuzo noma azikhiphe eMongolia ngokusebenzisa Ifomu Lokumenyezelwa Kwempahla. Kubalulekile ukugcwalisa ngokunembile leli fomu, unikeze imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nempahla ethuthwayo. Imikhawulo ethile kanye nokuvinjelwa kusebenza ezintweni ezithile uma kuziwa ekuzingeniseni ngaphandle noma ekuzithekeni. Kuyatuseka ukuthintana neMongolian Customs kusengaphambili ukuze uqinisekise ukuthotshelwa kwayo yonke imithetho. Izibonelo zezinto ezivinjelwe zihlanganisa izidakamizwa, izikhali/izibhamu, imali-mbumbulu, izinhlobo ezisengozini yokushabalala (kokubili izilwane eziphilayo nezingxenye zazo), izinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo/imbewu, njll. Inqubo yokulinganisa okwenziwa yizintela idlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni imisebenzi/izintela ezisebenza ezimpahleni ezingenisiwe. Ukulinganisa kuqala ngokusekelwe enanini lokwenziwe - inani langempela elikhokhelwe izimpahla - kucatshangelwa ukulungiswa okufana nezindleko zokuthutha, amaphrimiyamu omshwalense uma ekhona. Lapho bedabula imingcele yaseMongolia, izivakashi kufanele zazi ukuthi izinto zabo siqu zingase zihlolwe izikhulu zentela lapho zifika/zihamba. Izibonelelo zamahhala zivumela abantu ukuthi balinganisele inani/inani elithile lokuthenga ngaphandle kwentela/ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwentela; ukweqa le mikhawulo kubangela izintela/imisebenzi eyengeziwe ekhokhiswayo ezintweni ezeqile. Kuwukuhlakanipha ukuthi ungagcini nje ngokulandela yonke imiyalelo ethunyelwe kodwa futhi uqaphe ngenkathi uthutha izinto ezibalulekile njengamakhompyutha aphathekayo/amakhamera/ubucwebe phakathi nohambo lwamazwe ngamazwe njengoba kungase kudingeke imibhalo eyengeziwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezimpahla. IMongolia ithatha izibopho zayo maqondana ne-biosecurity njengento ebaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yezimpawu zayo ezihlukile ze-ecosystem-izinhlelo zokufuywa ezisengozini kakhulu - ezidalula izifo zezilwane eziwela imingcele ezingaba yingozi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu kuphela izivakashi kufanele ziqikelele ukuthi azilethi imikhiqizo yezilwane ngaphandle kwemibhalo efanele. Sengiphetha, ukuqonda uhlelo lokuphathwa kwempahla yaseMongolia nokulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo kubalulekile ekuvakasheni okubushelelezi noma ukuhweba ngaphakathi kwezwe. Ukubonisana ne-Mongolian Customs kusengaphambili, ukugcwalisa ngokunembayo Amafomu Okumenyezelwa Kwempahla, ukuthobela imikhawulo nemikhawulo, nokuhlala unolwazi mayelana nezibonelelo zamahhala kuyizici ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa okuhlangenwe nakho okungahluphi ngamasiko aseMongolia.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
IMongolia iyizwe elivalekile eMpumalanga Asia, emngceleni weRussia neChina. Mayelana nenqubomgomo yayo yentela yokungenisa, i-Mongolia isebenzise uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe lwentela yempahla ethengiswayo esekelwe ku-Harmonised System (HS) kusukela ngo-1992. Umgomo ovamile wombuso wentela yokungenisa waseMongolia uwukugqugquzela uhwebo nokuqinisekisa ukuncintisana okunobulungiswa kuyilapho kuvikela izimboni zasekhaya. Izinga elijwayelekile lentela yokungenisa eMongolia ngu-5%, osebenza ezimpahleni eziningi ezingeniswa ezweni. Kodwa-ke, izinto ezithile ezifana nemikhiqizo yezolimo, izinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza, nemithi zingaphansi kwenani elincishisiwe noma azikhokhiswa intela yokungenisa ezweni ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwentela evamile yokungenisa, i-Mongolia iphinde ibeke izintela ezithile ezengeziwe ezigabeni ezithile zezimpahla. Lokhu kufaka phakathi intela yempahla kwezinye izimpahla zikanokusho njengezimoto nophuzo oludakayo ngamanani asuka ku-10% ukuya ku-40%, kuye ngento ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungenisa ezweni kungase kukhonjelwe intela ye-value-added (VAT) ngenani elijwayelekile elingu-10%. Nokho, kukhona ukukhululwa ezintweni ezibalulekile ezifana nokudla okuyisisekelo kanye nempahla yezokwelapha engekho ngaphansi kwe-VAT. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi izimpahla eziningi ezingenisiwe nazo zidinga izitifiketi ezithile noma amalayisense ngaphambi kokungena emakethe yaseMongolia. Lokhu kuhloswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwamazinga okuphepha kanye nokuvikela amalungelo abathengi. Sekukonke, inqubomgomo yentela yokungeniswa kwempahla yaseMongolia ihlose ukulinganisa ukugqugquzela ukuhweba nezindlela zokuvikela izimboni zasekhaya. Uhulumeni ukhuthaza uhwebo lwangaphandle ngokukhuthaza intela ephansi yezinto ezibalulekile kuyilapho evikela izimboni zakuleli ngezintela eziphezulu zezimpahla zikanokusho.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
IMongolia iyizwe elivalekile elise-Asia Emaphakathi, elaziwa ngobubanzi bendawo nemithombo yemvelo ecebile. Izwe selisebenzise izinqubomgomo zentela ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukuze lilawule ukuhwebelana kwalo futhi lifukule umnotho. Enye yezimpahla ezinkulu ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezivela eMongolia ngamaminerali, ikakhulukazi amalahle, ithusi, igolide, ne-uranium. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa kwendawo nokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezimbiwa phansi, iMongolia ikhokhisa intela yokuthekelisa ngalezi zimpahla. Izinga lentela liyahlukahluka kuye ngezimbiwa ezithile ezikhishiwe futhi lingasukela ku-5% ukuya ku-30% yenani eliphelele. Ngaphandle kwamaminerali, iMongolia iphinde ithumele imikhiqizo yezolimo njengenyama (ikakhulukazi eyenkomo neyemvu), ukolweni, ibhali, imikhiqizo yobisi, kanye ne-cashmere. Kodwa-ke, azikho izintela ezithile ezibekiwe kulokhu kuthunyelwa kwezolimo kwamanye amazwe ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwazo ezimakethe zangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iMongolia ibigxile ekuthuthukiseni imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengamandla elanga namandla omoya. Njengengxenye yemizamo yakhe yokukhuthaza izinhlelo zasekhaya eziluhlaza ngenkathi ubhekelela izidingo zamazwe ngamazwe zezixazululo zamandla ahlanzekile, uhulumeni uhlinzeka ngezinxephezelo zentela ezivumayo zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo. Ukwengeza, iMongolia yaziwa ngemisebenzi yayo yezandla ekhombisa amakhono obuciko bendabuko adluliselwe ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Uhulumeni ukhuthaza izingcweti zezandla ngokungakhokhisi noma iyiphi intela noma intela ekuthengisweni kwemisebenzi yezandla emazweni angaphandle; le nqubomgomo ihlose ukulondoloza amagugu amasiko kuyilapho ingenisa imali evela emisebenzini ehlobene nezokuvakasha. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinqubomgomo zentela yokuthekelisa yaseMongolia zingase zibe nezinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yezimo zezomnotho eziguqukayo noma ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke. Ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi abangaba abathumeli bangaphandle noma amaqembu anentshisekelo aqaphe ngokuqhubekayo imithombo esemthethweni efana namawebhusayithi kahulumeni noma axhumane neziphathimandla ezifanele ngaphambi kokuzibandakanya kunoma yimiphi imisebenzi yebhizinisi ehlobene nokuthunyelwa kwe-Mongolia.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
IMongolia, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iMongolia People's Republic, iyizwe elivaliwe eMpumalanga Asia. Laziwa ngendlela yalo yokuphila yokuzulazula, izindawo ezinotshani eziwudedangendlale namasiko acebile. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iMongolia ibisebenza ngenkuthalo ekwandiseni umkhakha wayo wokuthekelisa nokuthola ukuqashelwa emhlabeni jikelele ngemikhiqizo yayo. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nobuqiniso bokuthunyelwa kwempahla ephuma eMongolia, uhulumeni usebenzise izinqubo ezithile zokunikeza izitifiketi zokuthekelisa. Lezi zitifiketi zihloselwe ukugcina amazinga omkhiqizo nokwakha ukwethembana nabathengi bangaphandle. Ake sibheke ezinye zezitifiketi ezibalulekile zokuthumela ngaphandle ezidingekayo eMongolia: 1. Isitifiketi Somsuka: Lo mbhalo uqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zisuka eMongolia zakhiqizwa noma zacutshungulwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo. 2. Isitifiketi Se-Phytosanitary: Ngemikhiqizo yezolimo noma izitshalo ezihloselwe ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle, lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi ziyahlangabezana nemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe ye-phytosanitary ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwezinambuzane noma izifo. 3. Isitifiketi Se-Halal: Uma uthumela imikhiqizo yokudla kwe-halal emazweni anamaningi amaSulumane, abathumeli bangaphandle baseMongolia badinga ukuthola isitifiketi se-Halal esiqinisekisa ukuthobelana nezidingo zokudla zamaSulumane. 4. Isitifiketi se-ISO: Lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi izinkampani zibambelela kumazinga aqashelwa umhlaba wonke wezinhlelo zokuphatha ikhwalithi ezinhlelweni zazo zokukhiqiza. 5. Isitifiketi Sodokotela Wezilwane: Emikhiqizweni yezilwane njengenyama noma izinto zobisi ezihloselwe ukudliwa abantu phesheya, lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi le mikhiqizo ihlangabezane namazinga enhlanzeko kanye nokuphepha abekwe iziphathimandla ezifanele. 6. Ilayisensi Yezimayini: Uma kubhekwa ingcebo yezimbiwa phansi eningi yaseMongolia (okuhlanganisa namalahle nethusi), izinkampani zezimayini zidinga amalayisense afanele ngaphambi kokuba zithumele ngokusemthethweni izimbiwa noma insimbi ngaphandle kwezwe. Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa nje zezitifiketi ezidingwa abathumeli bempahla eMongolia; kungase kube nezinye ezengeziwe kuye ngezimboni ezithile noma izimakethe eziqondiwe phesheya. Ngokuthola lezi zitifiketi ezibalulekile zokuthumela ngaphandle, amabhizinisi aseMongolia angathuthukisa ukwethembeka kwawo ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe kuyilapho eqinisekisa amakhasimende mayelana nekhwalithi nobuqiniso bezimpahla zawo. Lezi zinyathelo zidlala indima ebalulekile hhayi nje kuphela ekuthuthukiseni ukukhula komnotho kodwa futhi nasekuhleleni ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana obuzinzile nezinye izizwe.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
IMongolia iyizwe elivaliwe eliseMpumalanga ye-Asia nase-Asia Emaphakathi. Inqamula iRussia ngasenyakatho neChina eningizimu, empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Ngenxa yendawo yayo ehlukile, ezokuthutha kanye nempahla kwesinye isikhathi kungaletha izinselele eMongolia. Kodwa-ke, kunezinketho ezimbalwa ezinconyiwe zezinsizakalo zezokuthutha ezisebenzayo ezweni. Okokuqala, uma kukhulunywa ngemikhumbi yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuthutha ngendiza kuvame ukuthandwa ngenxa yesimo sokuvaleleka kwezwe laseMongolia. Isikhumulo sezindiza i-Chinggis Khaan International e-Ulaanbaatar sisebenza njengendawo enkulu yokuthutha impahla. Izinkampani zezindiza eziningana zamazwe ngamazwe zinikeza izinsiza zezimpahla eziya noma ezibuya eMongolia, ziqinisekisa ukulethwa kwezimpahla ngokushesha nangokuthembekile. Okwesibili, ukuthuthwa komgwaqo ngaphakathi kweMongolia kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwempahla yasekhaya. Yize ingqalasizinda yemigwaqo ingase ingathuthukisiwe uma iqhathaniswa namanye amazwe, kunezinkampani zamaloli ezaziwayo ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezithembekile. Lezi zinkampani zihlinzeka ngamaloli alawulwa izinga lokushisa ezimpahleni ezibolayo noma izimoto ezikhethekile zokuthunyelwa ngosayizi omkhulu. Okwesithathu, ezokuthutha ngololiwe zidlala indima ebalulekile nakuzo zonke izinto zaseMongolia. I-Trans-Mongolian Railway ixhuma i-Ulaanbaatar ne-Russia kanye ne-China, inikeza indlela ephumelelayo yokuthutha izimpahla ziwela imingcele. Izitimela ezithwala impahla ezinamabhokisi afakwe esiqandisini zisiza futhi ukuthuthwa kwezinto ezibolayo phakathi kwamazwe angomakhelwane. Ukwengeza, uma kucatshangelwa ukunwebeka kwezwe laseMongolia kanye nezimo zezulu ezinzima phakathi nezinkathi ezithile zonyaka, kubalulekile ukukhetha umhlinzeki wezokuthutha onobuchwepheshe bokusingatha lezi zinselele ngempumelelo. Ukusebenzisana nabathumeli bempahla abanolwazi lwasendaweni noma abadayisi bempahla bangaqinisekisa izinqubo ezibushelelezi zokukhishwa kwempahla ephumayo lapho kweqa imingcele. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi njengoba umnotho waseMongolia uthembele kakhulu emisebenzini yezimayini kuhlanganise nemiklamo yezimayini yamalahle ekude namadolobha amakhulu noma amadolobhana; abahlinzeki bemisebenzi abakhethekile bahlinzeka ngezixazululo zokuthutha ezizinikele zempahla yezimayini noma izinto ezidingwa yile miklamo. Sengiphetha, kuyilapho i-geography yaseMongolia iveza izinselele zokuhleleka ngenxa yezindawo zayo ezivalekile; ukuthutha ngezindiza nge-Chinggis Khaan International Airport kunikeza ukuxhumana okuhle kakhulu nezimakethe zomhlaba kanti ezokuthutha ngomgwaqo zihlinzeka ngoxhumano lwasekhaya. Ezokuthutha ngojantshi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumaniseni iMongolia namazwe angomakhelwane, futhi ukusebenza nochwepheshe bendawo bezokuthutha kuyanconywa ukuze kukhishwe intela ephumelelayo.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

IMongolia, ephakathi kweRussia neChina, yaziwa ngemithombo yayo yemvelo ecebile njengamalahle, ithusi, negolide. Ngomnotho okhula ngokushesha kanye nokuba khona komhlaba okwandayo, iMongolia idonse ukunaka kwabathengi nabatshalizimali abaningi bamazwe ngamazwe. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngeziteshi ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe nemibukiso eMongolia. 1. Imibukiso yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe: - I-Ulaanbaatar International Intellectual Property Expo: Lo mbukiso ugxile ekuvikelweni kwamalungelo empahla yengqondo kanye nokudluliswa kobuchwepheshe. Iheha inqwaba yabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abanentshisekelo ekutshalweni kwezimali okugxile kubuchwepheshe. - Umbukiso Wokuhloba WaseMongolia: Lo mbukiso ukhombisa imisebenzi yezandla yaseMongolia efana nokwenza ubucwebe, ukufekethisa, nezindwangu. Kuyinkundla enhle kakhulu yabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna ukuthola imikhiqizo yezandla ehlukile. - I-Mongolia Mining Expo: Njengomunye wemibukiso emikhulu yezimayini e-Asia, lo mcimbi uhlanganisa izinkampani zezimayini zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe ukuze zibonise ubuchwepheshe bazo bamuva futhi zihlole namathuba ebhizinisi. - I-Ulaanbaatar Food Expo: Lo mbukiso waminyaka yonke uhlanganisa imikhiqizo yokudla evela kubakhiqizi basekhaya kanye nemikhiqizo yamazwe ngamazwe. Kuyinkundla ekahle yabathengi bomhlaba wonke abanentshisekelo yokuthola imikhiqizo yokudla yaseMongolia ephezulu. 2. Izingxenyekazi ze-E-commerce: Ngokuthandwa okwandayo kokuthengwa kwe-inthanethi emhlabeni wonke, kuvele izinkundla ezimbalwa ze-e-commerce eMongolia ezixhuma abahlinzeki namakhasimende angaba khona emhlabeni jikelele: - I-Goyol.mn: Iwebhusayithi ye-e-commerce edumile enikezela ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa izingubo, izesekeli, izinto zikagesi, izimpahla zasekhaya njll., evumela abathengisi ukuthi baxhumane nabathengi endaweni kanye nabakwamanye amazwe. - I-Melshop.mn: Indawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi egxile ekuthengiseni izinto zikagesi ezifana nama-smartphones, amakhompyutha aphathekayo njll., ehlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokulethwa kulo lonke elaseMongolia. 3.Izinjongo Zohwebo namaChamber of Commerce: Izinhlelo zohwebo ezihleliwe zinikeza ithuba amabhizinisi angaphandle ukuhlola amathuba okutshalwa kwezimali ngokuxhumana nabangase babe ozakwethu noma abahlinzeki asebevele basungulwe ngaphakathi kwezimakethe zaseMongolia. -Mongolia National Chamber Of Commerce And Industry (MNCCI): I-MNCCI ihlezi ihlela imisebenzi yohwebo ukuze ikhuthaze ukuhwebelana kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwamazwe amabili. Bahlinzeka ngenkundla yabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe namabhizinisi aseMongolia ukuze baxhumane futhi bahlole amathuba azuzisayo ngokulinganayo. 4. Izinyathelo Zikahulumeni: Uhulumeni waseMongolia uthathe izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zokuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe kanye nokwenza ngcono ubudlelwano bezohwebo. Ezinye zezinhlelo ezibalulekile zifaka: - Uhlelo Lokuthuthukisa Impahla Ethunyelwa Ngaphandle: Kuhloswe ngayo ukuphromotha ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, lolu hlelo lunikeza izikhuthazo zezezimali, izinhlelo zokuqeqesha, nokusekelwa kocwaningo lwemakethe kumabhizinisi afuna ukunwebela ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. - I-One Stop Service Centre: Lolu hlelo lusiza ukusebenza kwebhizinisi okungenazihibe ngokunikeza isevisi yewindi elilodwa lezinqubo zokuphatha, okuhlanganisa nokugunyazwa kwempahla. Sengiphetha, iMongolia inikezela ngeziteshi ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe okuhlanganisa imibukiso yezohwebo, izinkundla ze-e-commerce, imizamo kahulumeni, kanye nemishini yohwebo. Lezi nkundla zinikeza amathuba kubathengi bomhlaba wonke abathanda ukuthola imikhiqizo yesi-Mongolia noma ukuhlola amathuba okutshalwa kwezimali emnothweni wezwe okhulayo.
EMongolia, izinjini zokusesha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi: 1. www.google.mn: I-Google iyinjini yokusesha esetshenziswa kakhulu eMongolia kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele. Ihlinzeka ngemiphumela yosesho eminingi futhi itholakala ngolimi lwesiMongolia. 2. www.search.mn: I-Search.mn iyinjini yokusesha yendawo eklanyelwe iMongolia. Inikeza ukufinyelela kumawebhusayithi endawo, izindaba, izithombe, amavidiyo, nezinye izinsiza. 3. www.yahoo.com: I-Yahoo futhi isebenza njengenketho yenjini yokusesha edumile kubasebenzisi baseMongolia. Ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ukusesha iwebhu, isevisi ye-imeyili, izibuyekezo zezindaba, nokuningi. 4. www.bing.com: I-Bing enye injini yokusesha yamazwe ngamazwe etholakala naseMongolia. Abasebenzisi bangenza ukusesha kuwebhu, ukusesha izithombe, ukusesha amavidiyo ngaphakathi kweplathifomu ye-Bing. 5. www.yandex.com: I-Yandex iyinjini yokusesha esekelwe e-Russian edumile eseye yazuza ukuduma phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-inthanethi baseMongolia ngenxa yokusekelwa kwayo kolimi lweskripthi sesiCyrillic sesi-Mongolia kanye nezinye izici ezifana namamephu nezinsizakalo ze-imeyili. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinketho ezivamile ezishiwo ngenhla ezinezinguqulo zendawo noma ezisekela ulimi lwesiMongolia ngokusemthethweni noma ngokungekho emthethweni; abantu bangase futhi basebenzise ezinye izindlela ezifana nokuxhumana kwe-VPN ukuze bafinyelele ezinye izinjini ezidumile emhlabeni jikelele njenge-Baidu (www.baidu.com) noma i-Naver (www.naver.com). Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukutholakala kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinjini zokusesha ezehlukene kungase kwehluke kuye ngokuthandwa komuntu siqu nokukhetha komuntu ngamunye ngabasebenzisi be-inthanethi eMongolia.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

Amakhasi aphuzi ayinhloko e-Mongolia aqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zezinkomba ze-inthanethi ezihlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana namabhizinisi namasevisi ezweni. Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi amakhasi aphuzi amakhulu: 1. I-Yellow Pages Mongolia - Lolu uhla lwemibhalo lwe-inthanethi oluphelele olunikeza ukufakwa kuhlu kwamabhizinisi, izinhlangano zikahulumeni, izinhlangano, namasevisi ochwepheshe kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukene. Iwebhusayithi yabo ingatholakala ku-www.yellowpages.mn. 2. I-Ulaanbaatar Online Yellow Pages - Igxile kakhulu enhlokodolobha yase-Ulaanbaatar, lolu hlu lwemibhalo luhlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana namabhizinisi endawo kanye nezinsizakalo ezibhekelela izakhamuzi nezivakashi. Iwebhusayithi iyatholakala ku-www.yellowpagesub.info. 3. Biznetwork.mn - Le nkundla yedijithali inikeza uhlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi oluhlukaniswe imboni, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe imikhiqizo ethile noma amasevisi abawadingayo. Vakashela iwebhusayithi yabo ku-www.biznetwork.mn. 4. I-SeekYellow.MN - Olunye uhla lwemibhalo lwamakhasi aphuzi olubanzi olunikeza ulwazi lwebhizinisi ngemboni noma ngezigaba kulo lonke elaseMongolia lungatholakala ku-www.seekyellow.mn. 5. InfoMongolia.com - Nakuba ingazinikele ngokuphelele ekufakweni kuhlu kwamakhasi aphuzi, le webhusayithi egxile kwezokuvakasha iphinde inikeze izinkomba zebhizinisi eziwusizo ngolwazi lokuxhumana oluhlukaniswe imikhakha efana nezivakashi, ezezimali, ukudayisa, kanye nezinye izinsiza ezibalulekile kubantu bangaphandle abavakashile noma abahlala khona. eMongolia; indawo yabo itholakala ku-www.infomongolia.com/directory/ Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zezinsiza zamakhasi aphuzi atholakala endaweni ye-inthanethi yaseMongolia namuhla. Kuhlala kunconywa ukuhlola imithombo eminingi lapho usesha amabhizinisi athile noma abahlinzeki besevisi kunoma yiliphi izwe.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

IMongolia ibone ukukhula okubalulekile emkhakheni wayo we-e-commerce kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Nazi ezinye izinkundla ezinkulu ze-e-commerce zezwe kanye nama-URL azo ewebhusayithi afanele: 1. I-Mart.mn - I-Mart ingenye yezinkundla ezihamba phambili zokuthenga ku-inthanethi e-Mongolia, ehlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo kusukela kogesi nezingubo kuya ezintweni zasendlini. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.mart.mn 2. I-MyShops - I-MyShops iyinkundla ye-e-commerce evelayo exhumanisa abathengisi bendawo nabathengi kulo lonke elaseMongolia. Inikeza indlela elula yokuthenga imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ngamanani ancintisanayo. Iwebhusayithi: www.myshops.mn 3. I-GooGoo - I-GooGoo iyindawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi eyaziwa ngokukhetha kwayo imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa imfashini, izinto zikagesi, izimonyo, nezinto zikagesi zasekhaya. Ihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe ukuze ihlinzekele okuthandwa ngabathengi. Iwebhusayithi: www.googoo.mn 4. I-Hunnu Mall - I-Hunnu Mall iyindawo yokuthenga edumile e-Mongolia enwebise ubukhona bayo ku-inthanethi ngenkundla ye-e-commerce. Ihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo eminingi esukela kwezimpahla zokugqoka kuye kweyasekhishini kanye nemikhiqizo yobuhle. Iwebhusayithi: www.hunnumall.com 5 . I-Nomin Shop - I-Nomin Shop igxile ekuthengiseni izinto zikagesi ezifana nama-smartphones, amakhompyutha, amakhamera, kanye nezinsiza ngamanani ancintisanayo emakethe yaseMongolia ngesitolo sayo se-inthanethi. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.nomin-shop.com 6 . I-Super Net Online - I-Super Net Online igxile ekuhlinzekeni ngezinsizakalo ezihlobene ne-inthanethi ezifana nokuxhumeka kwe-broadband, amadivayisi ahlakaniphile, izixazululo ze-automation yasekhaya, nezinsizakalo ze-IT ngewebhusayithi yabo. Iwebhusayithi http://www.supernetonline.net Lezi ezinye izinkundla ze-e-commerce ezivelele ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwendawo yemakethe yedijithali ekhulayo yaseMongolia. Qaphela: Njengoba amathrendi e-inthanethi ethuthuka ngokushesha futhi amabhizinisi amasha evela njalo, kuhlale kuhle ukuthi uzenzele owakho ucwaningo noma uthintane nemithombo ebuyekeziwe ukuze uthole ulwazi olunembe kakhulu olumayelana namawebhusayithi athile noma noma yiziphi izengezo/ezisukayo ezintsha ngaphakathi kwale ngxenye yomkhakha eMongolia.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

Kunezinkundla zokuxhumana ezimbalwa eMongolia ezidumile kubahlali bakhona. Nalu uhlu lwamanye alezi zinkundla kanye namakheli azo ewebhusayithi: 1. Facebook (www.facebook.com) I-Facebook ingenye yezinkundla zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa kakhulu eMongolia. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baxhumane nabangane, babelane ngezibuyekezo, izithombe, namavidiyo. 2. Twitter (www.twitter.com) I-Twitter enye ingosi yokuxhumana nabantu edumile eMongolia. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babelane ngemiyalezo emifushane noma "ama-tweets" nabalandeli babo futhi bahlale benolwazi ngemicimbi yamanje. 3. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com) I-Instagram isetshenziswa kakhulu abantu baseMongolia ukwabelana ngezithombe namavidiyo nabangane nabalandeli babo. Abasebenzisi bangaphinda bahlole amathrendi adumile ngama-hashtag. 4. I-VKontakte (vk.com) I-VKontakte, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-VK, ingosi yokuxhumana nabantu eseRussia esethole ukuduma eMongolia. Inikeza izici ezifana ne-Facebook njengokwabelana ngokuqukethwe, ukwakha amaqembu noma amakhasi, nokuxoxa nabangani. 5.Kuukeduo(微视) https://kuukeduo.mn/ I-Kuukeduo(Mongolian: 微视) iwuhlelo lokusebenza lokwabelana ngevidiyo olususelwa eMongolia olufana ne-TikTok oseludume kakhulu entsheni yaseMongolia. 6.Odonchimeg.mn(Одончимэг - Социаль холбооны шилдэг сайт): https://odonchimeg.mn/ I-Odonchimeg.mn iyinkundla yezokuxhumana yaseMongolia yendawo enikeza izici ezihlukahlukene njengokuxhumana nabangane, ukwabelana ngemicabango noma izindatshana, nokuhlola izibuyekezo zezindaba. 7.TsagiinTailbar(Цагийн тайлбар): http://tzag.chatsmgl.net/ I-Tsagiin Tailbar(i-Monglian: Цагийн тайлбар) iyinkundla yokwabelana ngezindaba yase-Mongolia edumile lapho abasebenzisi bangathumela khona izindatshana, babeke amazwana kokuthunyelwe kwabanye, futhi babambe iqhaza ezingxoxweni. 8. Gogo.mn(Гоогоо - Монголын олон нийтийн портал): https://www.gogo.mn/ I-Gogo.mn ingosi ye-inthanethi yase-Mongolia enikezela ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene njengezibuyekezo zezindaba, ukuhweba nge-inthanethi, nokusebenza kwenethiwekhi yokuxhumana nomphakathi ukuze uxhumane nabangane futhi wabelane ngemicabango. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukutholakala nokuduma kwalezi zinkundla kungase kushintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

IMongolia, eyaziwa ngokuthi "Izwe Lesibhakabhaka Esiluhlaza," iyizwe elise-Asia Ephakathi. Inezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni ezinomthelela emnothweni wayo. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano eziyinhloko zezimboni eMongolia kanye namawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Mongolian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry (MNCCI) - I-MNCCI imele izintshisekelo zamabhizinisi e-Mongolia futhi ithuthukisa ezohwebo, ukutshalwa kwezimali, nokuthuthukiswa komnotho ngaphakathi kwezwe. Isizindalwazi sabo sithi: https://mncci.mn/en/ 2. I-Mongolian Bankers Association (MBA) - I-MBA isebenza ukuthuthukisa nokuqinisa umkhakha wamabhange e-Mongolia ngokugqugquzela ukubambisana phakathi kwamabhange kanye nokukhuthaza izinqubo ezihamba phambili. Isizindalwazi sabo sithi: http://www.mbassoci.org.mn/ 3. I-Mongolian Mining Association (MMA) - I-MMA imele izinkampani zezimayini ezisebenza eMongolia futhi ikhuthaza izinqubo zezimayini ezinomthwalo wemfanelo kuyilapho inikela ekukhuleni komnotho okusimeme. Iwebhusayithi yabo ithi: http://mongoliamining.org/ 4. Inhlangano yaseMongolia Renewable Energy Industries Association (MoREIA) - I-MoREIA igxile ekukhuthazeni ukukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, ukunciphisa ukuthembela emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, kanye nokumela izinqubomgomo ezivumelanayo ezisekela ukukhula kwamandla avuselelekayo eMongolia. Isizindalwazi sabo sithi: http://www.morei.nuuledom.mn/Home/index 5. I-Mongolian Tourism Association (MTA) - I-MTA isebenza ekuthuthukiseni ezokuvakasha njengomkhakha obalulekile wokukhula komnotho ngokusebenzisana ngokubambisana nababambe iqhaza ukuze kuthuthukiswe ingqalasizinda yezokuvakasha kanye nezinsizakalo eMongolia. Isizindalwazi sabo sithi: http://www.tourismassociation.mn/ 6.Mongolia ICT Council- Ukukhuthaza izinguquko ezizoheha kokubili ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwasekhaya nokwangaphandle emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe bolwazi ezingeni likazwelonke; qinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi wolwazi olubalulekile ezingeni lesifunda vakashela iwebhusayithi yabo @https://mongoliadigital.com/council/ict-council. Lezi zinhlangano zezimboni zidlala indima ebalulekile ekumeleleni izintshisekelo zemikhakha yazo ngenkathi zibamba iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni komnotho jikelele ngaphakathi kweMongolia. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lawa mawebhusayithi angase ashintshe, futhi kuyanconywa ukuthi uvakashele iwebhusayithi yenhlangano efanele ukuze uthole ulwazi olusha kakhulu.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa ezomnotho nezohwebo ahlobene neMongolia. Nalu uhlu lwabanye babo: 1. Injabulo Kazwelonke YaseMongolia: https://www.grossnationalhappiness.com Le webhusayithi inikeza ulwazi ngomnotho, ezohwebo, amathuba ebhizinisi, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali eMongolia. Iphinde igqamise izinhlelo zezwe zokuthuthukisa esimeme. 2. I-Mongolian Chamber of Commerce and Industry: http://www.mongolchamber.mn Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Mongolian Chamber of Commerce and Industry inikeza izinsiza ezibalulekile zokuphromotha ezohwebo, inethiwekhi yebhizinisi, ucwaningo lwemakethe, namathuba okutshala imali eMongolia. 3. I-Ejensi Yokutshalwa Kwezimali Kwangaphandle - Umnyango Wezangaphandle: https://foreigninvestment.mn Le webhusayithi isebenza njengesango labatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe abafuna ukuhlola amathuba eMongolia. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi olubanzi mayelana nokutshala izimali emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yomnotho waseMongolia. 4. Ibhange Lokuhweba Nentuthuko: https://www.tdbm.mn I-Trade and Development Bank ingesinye sezikhungo zezezimali ezihamba phambili eMongolia ezigxile ekwesekeni amabhizinisi ngezinsizakalo zezezimali zohwebo, ukuxhasa ngezimali amaphrojekthi, kanye nemisebenzi yamabhange yamazwe ngamazwe. 5. I-Invest Mongolia Agency - Umnyango Wezezimayini Nezimboni Ezisindayo: http://investmongolia.gov.mn/en/ Izinikele ekuthuthukiseni amathuba okutshalwa kwezimali emkhakheni wezimayini waseMongolia, le webhusayithi ihlinzeka ngolwazi ngamalayisense, imithethonqubo, amaphrojekthi atholakalayo wozakwethu bokutshalwa kwezimali noma ukutholwa. 6. ExportMongolia.gov.mn: https://exportmongolia.gov.mn/eng/ Iphethwe uMnyango Wezangaphandle, le nkundla isekela amabhizinisi aseMongolia ngokunikeza usizo lokuthumela imikhiqizo yawo ezimakethe zangaphandle ngokufinyelela olwazini lwemakethe. 7. Imikhandlu Yebhizinisi Nezinhlangano: - I-American Chamber Of Commerce eMongolia (AmCham): http://amcham.org.il/en/Home/ - European Business Association (EBA): http://www.eba-mng.com/members.html - I-German-Mongolian Business Association (DMUV): https://dmuv.de Lawa mawebhusayithi anikezela ngemininingwane ebalulekile ngomnotho waseMongolia, izibalo zohwebo, amathuba okutshala imali, imithetho yemakethe, nezinkundla zokuxhumana zebhizinisi.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa ahlinzeka ngedatha yezohwebo mayelana neMongolia. Nazi ezimbalwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, kanye nezixhumanisi zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. I-Mongolian Customs General Administration (https://www.customs.mn/) - Lena iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Mongolian Customs General Administration. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi olunzulu ngezibalo zohwebo lwangaphandle, okuhlanganisa idatha yokungenisa nokuthekelisa. 2. Ihhovisi Likazwelonke Lezibalo laseMongolia (http://www.nso.mn/en) - Ihhovisi Likazwelonke Lezibalo laseMongolia liqoqa futhi lishicilele idatha yezibalo ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa nezibalo zohwebo. Isizindalwazi sinikeza imibiko, amathebula, kanye nokushicilelwe okuhlobene nohwebo lwangaphandle. 3. Imephu Yokuhweba (https://trademap.org/Country_SelProduct_TS.aspx) - Imephu Yokuhweba iyithuluzi eliku-inthanethi elakhiwe yi-International Trade Center (ITC). Ihlinzeka ngolwazi oluningiliziwe ngezibalo zokungenisa/ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zamazwe ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise neMongolia. 4. I-UN Comtrade Database (https://comtrade.un.org/) - I-United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafinyelele idatha yohwebo lomhlaba wonke cishe kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni. Ungakhetha iMongolia kumenyu yezwe futhi uthole imininingwane yohwebo enemininingwane ngomkhakha noma ngomkhiqizo. 5. Izinkomba Zokuthuthukiswa Komhlaba ZeBhange Lomhlaba (https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators) - Izinkomba Zokuthuthukiswa Komhlaba ZeBhange Lomhlaba zinikeza uhla olubanzi lwamadathasethi ezibalo ahlanganisa izici eziningi zenhlalo-mnotho emhlabeni jikelele, kuhlanganise namazwe ngamazwe. uhwebo lwempahla lwaseMongolia. Lawa mawebhusayithi azokunikeza idatha yezohwebo yakamuva mayelana nokungeniswayo nokuthekelisa kweMongolia, aqondise ucwaningo lwakho noma ukuhlaziya okuhlobene nokuthengiselana kwebhizinisi lamazwe ngamazwe okubandakanya izwe. Sicela wazi ukuthi amanye amasayithi angase adinge ukubhaliswa noma abe nemikhawulo ethile ekufinyeleleni amasethi athile wedatha

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

IMongolia, izwe elivalekile eMpumalanga ye-Asia, kungenzeka ingabi nazo izinkundla ze-B2B eziningi njengezinye izizwe, kodwa zisekhona ezimbalwa eziphawulekayo amabhizinisi angazisebenzisa. Nazi ezinye izinkundla ze-B2B eMongolia kanye nama-URL azo afanele: 1. I-Mongolian Business Development Agency (MBDA) - Inkundla ye-MBDA inikeza ulwazi mayelana namathuba ahlukahlukene ebhizinisi e-Mongolia futhi inikeza izinsizakalo zokufanisa ezinkampanini zasekhaya nezangaphandle. Iwebhusayithi: www.mongolbd.com 2. I-Mongolian Trade and Industrial Association (MTIA) - I-MTIA yinhlangano ethuthukisa ukuhweba nokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi e-Mongolia. Iwebhusayithi yabo ihlanganisa uhla lwemibhalo lwezinkampani ezingamalungu, okuvumela amabhizinisi ukuthi athole abangaba ozakwethu noma abahlinzeki bempahla ngaphakathi kwezwe. Iwebhusayithi http://www.mtia.mn 3. I-Mongolian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry (MNCCI) - I-MNCCI inikeza izinsiza kumabhizinisi afuna ukungena noma ukwandisa ukusebenza kwawo e-Mongolia. Inkundla yabo eku-inthanethi ihlanganisa inkomba yebhizinisi, amathuba okuxhumana, kanye nokufinyelela olwazini lwemakethe. Iwebhusayithi: www.mongolchamber.mn 4. I-Biznetwork - I-Biznetwork iyinkundla ye-inthanethi edumile ehlanganisa amabhizinisi avela ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene kulo lonke elaseMongolia, ehlose ukukhuthaza ukubambisana namathuba okubambisene phakathi kwezinkampani ezingaphakathi kwemingcele yezwe. Iwebhusayithi: www.biznetwork.mn 5. I-Asian Business AirBridge (ABAB) - I-ABAB iyinkundla yokuhweba yamazwe ngamazwe eyenza amabhizinisi aseMongolia axhumane nabangase bathenge, abathekelisa, nabathumela kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni wonke ngokubanikeza izixazululo zokuhweba ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezifanelana nezidingo zabo. Iwebhusayithi: www.ababtrade.com/en/mng.html Lezi zingxenyekazi ze-B2B zingasebenza njengezinsiza eziwusizo kumabhizinisi afuna ubambiswano noma afuna ukukhulisa imisebenzi yawo ngaphakathi kwemingcele yaseMongolia noma ngale kwemingcele yamazwe ngamazwe. Khumbula ukuthi kuhlale kululeka ukuthi wenze ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuxhumana nanoma iyiphi inkundla ye-B2B noma inkampani lapho ucubungula ubudlelwano obungaba khona noma ukuthengiselana kwebhizinisi.
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