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Izimakethe Eziyinhloko
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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
I-Austria, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhulikhi yase-Austria, iyizwe elivaliwe eliseCentral Europe. Ihlanganyela nemingcele neJalimane, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland kanye neLiechtenstein. Izwe lithatha indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-83,879 futhi linabantu ababalelwa ezigidini eziyi-9. I-Vienna inhloko-dolobha nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Austria. Isebenza njengesizinda sezombangazwe namasiko ezwe. Amanye amadolobha amakhulu ahlanganisa iGraz, iLinz, iSalzburg ne-Innsbruck. I-Austria inentando yeningi emele iphalamende enoMongameli njengeNhloko Yezwe. I-Austria yaziwa kakhulu ngezindawo zayo ezimangalisayo ezinezintaba ezinhle njenge-Alps esifundeni saseTyrol. Lezi zindawo zemvelo ziyenza ibe indawo edumile yemisebenzi yangaphandle efana nokushushuluza nokuqwala izintaba unyaka wonke. Umnotho wase-Austrian uthuthuke kakhulu ngokugcizelela okuqinile emikhakheni yesevisi efana nezokungcebeleka enikela kakhulu ku-GDP yawo. Izwe lijabulela elinye lamazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-Europe okuphila ngezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezinhle kakhulu kanye nezinhlelo zemfundo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Abantu base-Austrian bayaziqhenya ngamagugu abo acebile amasiko abonakala ekwakhiweni kwabo (okubandakanya izakhiwo zenkathi ye-Baroque), umculo (abaqambi bakudala abafana no-Mozart), ubuciko (uGustav Klimt) nezincwadi (uFranz Kafka). I-Vienna iphinde isingathe imicimbi eminingi yamasiko edume umhlaba wonke okuhlanganisa namakhonsathi e-Vienna State Opera. Ulimi olusemthethweni olukhulunywa e-Austria isiJalimane kodwa isiNgisi sikhulunywa kakhulu phakathi kwezizukulwane ezincane kanye nalabo abathintekayo embonini yezokuvakasha. Mayelana nobudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe, i-Austria idlala indima ebonakalayo ngaphakathi kwe-European Union (EU) kanye ne-United Nations (UN). Igcina ubudlelwano bezokuxhumana namazwe ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke ikhuthaza imizamo yokugcina ukuthula kanye nokubambisana kwezomnotho. Sengiphetha , i-Austria iziveza njengengxube ekhangayo yobuhle bemvelo , isiko elicebile , umnotho oqinile , nobudlelwano obunamandla bamazwe ngamazwe okwenza kube indawo ekhangayo kubo bobabili abavakashi nabafundi ngokufanayo.
Imali Yezwe
I-Austria iyizwe elivaliwe elise-Central Europe. Imali esemthethweni yase-Austria yi-Euro, efushanisiwe njenge-EUR. I-Euro yaba yimali esemthethweni yase-Austria ngo-2002 lapho ithatha indawo ye-Schilling, eyayisetshenziswa ngaphambilini. I-Euro iyimali eyamukelwa kabanzi futhi ezinzile esetshenziswa amazwe angamalungu e-European Union. Ihlukaniswe ngamasenti angu-100, kanti izinhlamvu zemali ezitholakala ngamasenti angu-1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 kanye nohlamvu lwe-euro olulodwa nezimbili. Ama-banknote atholakala ngamahlelo ama-euro amahlanu, ishumi, amashumi amabili, amashumi amahlanu kanye nekhulu. Njengoba iyingxenye ye-European Union (EU), izinqumo zenqubomgomo yezimali yase-Austria zenziwe ngokuyinhloko yi-European Central Bank (ECB) ezinze eFrankfurt. I-ECB ibusa izici ezifana nezilinganiso zenzalo kanye nokunikezwa kwemali kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu kuhlanganise ne-Austria. Ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-Euro kusukela yamukelwa ngo-2002, abantu base-Austrian bayazuza ekwenziweni lula kwemingcele phakathi kwamazwe ahlukahlukene e-EU nawo amukele i-Euro. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukukhululeka kanye nokusebenziseka kalula kukho kokubili ukuhwebelana kwebhizinisi nokomuntu siqu. Abavakashi abavakashela e-Austria bangashintsha kalula imali yabo yendawo ngama-Euro emabhange noma emahhovisi okushintshana atholakala kuwo wonke amadolobha amakhulu noma ezikhumulweni zezindiza. Ukwengeza, amakhadi esikweletu aphesheya ngokuvamile amukelwa kabanzi ezindaweni eziningi ezinjengamahhotela, izindawo zokudlela nezitolo. Sengiphetha, i-Austria isebenzisa i-Euro njengohlobo lwemali yayo esemthethweni kusukela yaba izwe eliyilungu le-EU. Lokhu kunikeza ukuzinza futhi kusiza ukuhlanganiswa kwezomnotho namanye amazwe angaphakathi kwe-European Union ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yezezimali ehlelekile.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali esemthethweni yase-Austria yi-Euro (€). Amazinga okushintshaniswa alinganiselwe ezinhlobo zemali ezinkulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Euro ami kanje: I-Euro eyi-1 (€) ≈ 1.17 Idola lase-US ($) I-Euro eyi-1 (€) ≈ 0.85 Ipondo laseBrithani (£) I-Euro engu-1 (€) ≈ 130.45 Yen yesiJapane (¥) I-Euro engu-1 (€) ≈ 10.34 i-Chinese Yuan Renminbi (¥) Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zilinganiso zokushintshisana zingahluka kancane futhi kunconywa ukuthi uhlole umthombo onokwethenjelwa ukuze uthole amanani akamuva kakhulu ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi ukushintshana kwemali noma ukuthengiselana.
Amaholide Abalulekile
I-Austria, izwe eliseCentral Europe, igubha amaholide amaningi abalulekile unyaka wonke. Le micimbi yemikhosi ihlanganisa abantu ukuze bakhumbule amasiko nemicimbi eyahlukene. Omunye wemikhosi ebaluleke kakhulu e-Austria uKhisimusi (Weihnachten). Kugujwa ngo-December 25, leli holide liwumcimbi wemibuthano yomndeni nokuphana izipho. Izimakethe zemikhosi zisungulwa ezweni lonke, lapho umuntu engathenga khona imisebenzi yezandla yendabuko kanye nokudla okumnandi kwase-Austrian okufana namakhukhi esinkwa sejinja kanye ne-glühwein (iwayini elihlanganisiwe). Esinye isenzakalo esibalulekile e-Austria yi-Easter (Ostern), esenzeka ngezinsuku ezahlukene unyaka ngamunye. Kuphawula ukuvuka kukaJesu Kristu. Abantu base-Austrian bahlanganyela emasikweni amaningana ngalesi sikhathi, njengokuhlobisa amaqanda nokuhlanganyela ekuzingeleni amaqanda. Ukudla okukhethekile ngewundlu noma ham kulungiswa ngeSonto lePhasika. Isizini ye-Carnival noma i-Fasching igujwa kabanzi kulo lonke elase-Austria. Lesi sikhathi siqala ngoJanuwari futhi siphetha ngemibukiso emibalabala eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Faschingumzug ngaphambi kokuthi uLwesithathu lomlotha luphawule ukuqala kweLent. Abantu bagqoke izingubo eziwubukhazikhazi kusukela kubalingisi benganekwane kuya kubantu bomlando kuyilapho bejabulela amaphathi asemgwaqweni amnandi. Ngomhla zingama-26 kuMfumfu minyaka yonke, abantu base-Austrian bagubha uSuku Lwezwe Lonke (Nationalfeiertag) ukuze bakhumbule isimemezelo sabo sokungathathi hlangothi unomphela ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II. Imicimbi eyahlukene yenzeka ezweni lonke okuhlanganisa izinkulumo zezombusazwe kanye nemibukiso yezempi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uSuku luka-Saint Nicholas (Nikolaustag) lwangomhla ka-6 Disemba lubaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni e-Austria njengoba zilindele ngokulangazela izipho ezivela ku-St. Nicholas noma u-Krampus - umngane ojezisa labo abaziphatha kabi phakathi nonyaka. Ekugcineni, umkhosi odume umhlaba wonke owasuka e-Austria i-Oktoberfest - ogujwa kakhulu eMunich kodwa ususakaze imigubho yawo emazweni angomakhelwane okuhlanganisa namadolobha ase-Austria njengeVienna neLinz. Ngalesi senzakalo esithatha amasonto amabili kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuze kube ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba; abantu bayahlangana ukuze bajabulele umculo wendabuko waseBavaria, umdanso, ukudla, kanye nobhiya. Lawa maholide abalulekile anikeza amazwibela amagugu acebile ase-Austria futhi anikeza abantu base-Austria amathuba okuxhumana namasiko abo futhi bagubhe kanye nomndeni nabangane.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
I-Austria, izwe elivalekile enkabeni yeYurophu, inomnotho oqinile owakhelwe emkhakheni wayo wezohwebo ochumayo. Isizwe saziwa ngezimpahla namasevisi aso eqophelo eliphezulu, okube nesandla ekulinganiseni okuhle kokuhwebelana phakathi neminyaka edlule. I-Austria ithembele kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe futhi isisungule ubudlelwano bokuhweba obuqinile namazwe ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Njengelungu le-European Union (EU), i-Austria iyazuza ezinzuzweni zokuba yingxenye yemakethe eyodwa enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. I-Germany inguzakwethu wezohwebo obaluleke kakhulu we-Austria ngenxa yokuba seduze kwendawo kanye nomngcele owabiwe. Lawa mazwe womabili asungule ubudlelwano obuseduze kwezomnotho, okuholele ekutheni kube nomthamo omkhulu wokuhwebelana phakathi kwamazwe amabili. Abanye abalingani abakhulu bokuhweba bahlanganisa i-Italy, iSwitzerland, iFrance, neCzech Republic. Enye yamandla abalulekile e-Austria isembonini yayo yokukhiqiza. Izwe ligxile ekukhiqizeni imishini nemishini efana nezinjini, izinjini zomoya, izimoto (okuhlanganisa nezimoto zikagesi), amathuluzi ezokwelapha, izinsimbi, amakhemikhali, kanye nemikhiqizo yokudla. Lezi zimpahla zithunyelwa emhlabeni jikelele futhi zifaka isandla kakhulu emalini engenayo yokuthekelisa yase-Austria. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Austria futhi inomkhakha wezinkonzo oqhudelana naye ohlanganisa ezezimali, ezokuvakasha (ezidume kakhulu kwezemidlalo yasebusika), ubuchwepheshe bezolwazi (IT), izinsizakalo zokubonisana, ucwaningo nentuthuko (R&D), nezimboni zokuqamba. Eminyakeni yamuva nje kube nokwenyuka kokutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwangaphandle (i-FDI) okuya e-Austria emikhakheni ehlukahlukene kuhlanganise nezindawo zokukhiqiza ezisungulwe izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe. Lokhu kubonisa ukuzethemba endaweni yebhizinisi yase-Austria kanye nekhwalithi yabasebenzi etholakala endaweni. Naphezu kokuba izwe elivaliwe ngaphandle kokufinyelela okuqondile emachwebeni okuthutha olwandle ngamazwe ngamazwe; Isikhumulo Sezindiza Samazwe Ngamazwe SaseVienna sisebenza njengehabhu elibalulekile elenza kube lula ukuhamba kwabagibeli nokuthunyelwa kwempahla okuxhumanisa izinkampani zase-Austria nezimakethe zomhlaba ngale kweYurophu. Sekukonke, ukugcizelela okungaguquki kwe-Austria ekusungulweni okuhlanganiswe nezimpahla/izinsizakalo zekhwalithi ephezulu esezizuze ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke kuye kwayibeka esimweni esihle ngokwezomnotho.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
I-Austria, emaphakathi ne-Europe, inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Ngabasebenzi abanamakhono aphezulu, indawo enamasu, kanye nomnotho ozinzile, i-Austria inikeza amathuba amaningi kumabhizinisi ukuze andise ukufinyelela kwawo emhlabeni jikelele. Enye yezinto ezibalulekile ezinomthelela ekuhwebeni kwangaphandle kwe-Austria ngabasebenzi abanamakhono aphezulu. Izwe lizishaya isifuba ngesibalo sabantu abafundile abanolwazi emikhakheni eyahlukene okubalwa ezobuchwepheshe, ezobunjiniyela, nezocwaningo. Lokhu kutholakala kwabasebenzi abanamakhono kunikeza amabhizinisi izinsiza ezidingekayo zokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo emisha nezinsizakalo ezingaqhudelana ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo ekahle ye-Austria iyenza ibe isizinda esikahle sezinkampani ezifuna ukufinyelela kuzo zombili izimakethe zaseMpumalanga nezaseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Njengoba iyingxenye ye-European Union (EU), i-Austria iyazuza ezivumelwaneni zohwebo ezivunayo ngaphakathi kwesifunda ezikhuthaza ukufinyelela okulula emazweni angomakhelwane kanye nakwamanye amazwe angamalungu e-EU. Lesi sikhundla esinenzuzo sivumela amabhizinisi ukuthi asungule amaketanga asebenzayo namanethiwekhi okusabalalisa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zendawo, umnotho ozinzile wase-Austria unikela kakhulu emandleni awo ohwebo lwangaphandle. Izwe belilokhu likleliswe phezulu ezinkomba zomhlaba jikelele ezifana nokuba lula kokwenza ibhizinisi ngenxa yengqalasizinda yalo eqinile yezezimali kanye namazinga aphansi enkohlakalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Austria inikezela ngezibonelelo ezikhangayo zokutshala imali kanye nezinzuzo zentela ezinkampanini ezingena noma ezandisa ubukhona bazo ezweni. I-Austria futhi inesizinda sokuthekelisa esixubile esihlanganisa imikhiqizo efana nemishini, izimoto, amakhemikhali, imithi, imishini kagesi phakathi kokunye. Lezi zimboni zibe yizona ezihamba phambili zokuthunyelwa kwe-Austrian emashumini eminyaka adlule okugqamisa nakakhulu amathuba okuthunyelwa kwezwe kwezwe. Okokugcina, ukuzibophezela kwe-Austria ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni (i-R&D) ikhuthaza amabhizinisi aqhutshwa izinto ezintsha adala izindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisana namanye amazwe futhi esiza ukuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe emikhakheni eyahlukene okuhlanganisa nezimboni zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Sengiphetha, ukuzinza kwezomnotho okuqhubekayo, abantu abanamandla, ukufinyeleleka okuqondile emazweni aseduze ase-Europe, ukuma okuhle kwezwe, kanye nokusekelwa kukahulumeni kwe-R&D yizici ezibalulekile ezinomthelela emathubeni okuhweba angaphandle kwe-Austria.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Uma kuziwa ekuhlonzeni imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu emakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yase-Austria, izici ezimbalwa ezidinga ukucatshangelwa. Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, ukuqonda okuthandwayo nezimfuno zabathengi base-Austrian kubalulekile ekukhethweni komkhiqizo ngempumelelo. Enye yezindawo ezibalulekile lapho i-Austria iphumelela khona kusemishinini nakubuchwepheshe. Imikhiqizo ehlobene nemishini yezimboni, izingxenye zemoto, izinto zikagesi, namandla avuselelekayo zidingeka kakhulu. Umkhakha wokukhiqiza onamandla wase-Austria uqinisekisa imakethe ebalulekile yokungeniswa kwemishini kwekhwalithi. Enye ingxenye ekhulayo emakethe yezohwebo yangaphandle yase-Austria imikhiqizo yokudla okuphilayo. Abantu abakhathalela impilo bathanda izithelo, imifino, imikhiqizo yobisi, inyama neziphuzo. Izinkampani ezigxile ekulimeni okuphilayo zingathola amakhasimende athembekile lapha. Ezokuvakasha zidlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wase-Austria; ngakho-ke, izesekeli zokuhamba njengamasethi emithwalo, izikhwama zojosaka, imishini yokukhempa zihlale ziyizinqumo ezithandwayo phakathi kwezivakashi ezivakashela izwe. Ukwengeza izinsiza zehhotela ezifana namasethi okulala noma izinto zangasese zekhwalithi ephezulu nazo zingathola ubukhona bemakethe obuhle. Eminyakeni yamuva nje kube nentshisekelo ekhulayo emikhiqizweni esimeme kanye ne-eco-friendly phakathi kwabantu base-Austrian. Izingubo ezivumelana ne-eco-friendly ezenziwe ngezinto ezigaywe kabusha noma izimpahla eziqinisekisiwe zohwebo olufanele zifunwa kakhulu abathengi abaqaphela imvelo. Okokugcina nokho okubalulekile, ingxenye ebalulekile yomphakathi wase-Austrian iyayazisa imisebenzi yezandla yendabuko kanye nezinto ezenziwe ngezandla ezikhiqizwa endaweni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imisebenzi yezandla efana nezitsha zobumba, izingubo zokugqoka, izindwangu, ifenisha, nobucwebe. izintandokazi zabathengi zezimpahla zangempela ezinenani lamasiko. Sekukonke, ukuze ukhethe imikhiqizo edayiswa ngokushisayo efanele imakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yase-Austrian, kungaba ukuhlakanipha ukucabangela izigaba ezifana nemishini/ubuchwepheshe, izinto eziphilayo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, izesekeli ezihlobene nezokuvakasha, izimpahla ezisimeme/eco-friendly, kanye nendabuko/yasendaweni. imisebenzi yezandla.Lapho uqhuba noma yiliphi isu lokukhetha umkhiqizo, ukucwaninga okuthrendayo kwamanje, izibalo zabantu, kanye namaphethini okuziphatha kwabathengi kungasiza ukwazisa inqubo yokwenza izinqumo.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
I-Austria iyizwe elivaliwe elise-Central Europe. Yaziwa ngezindawo zayo ezimangalisayo, umlando ocebile, nezigcawu zamasiko ezinempilo, i-Austria iheha izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Uma kuziwa emasikweni nase-Austrian etiquette, kunamaphuzu ambalwa abalulekile okufanele uwakhumbule. Esinye sezici ezichazayo zabantu base-Austrians isizotha kanye nokusebenza kwabo ngokusemthethweni. Kuwumkhuba ukubingelela abantu ngokubaxhawula nokusebenzisa iziqu ezisemthethweni ezinjengokuthi "Herr" (Mnu.) noma "Frau" (Nkk.) kulandelwe isibongo sabo kuze kube yilapho bemenywa ukuba basebenzise igama labo lokuqala. Ukugcina isikhathi kubalulekile e-Austria, ngakho-ke kungcono ukufika ngesikhathi ngemihlangano noma ngezikhathi ezithile. Esinye isici esibalulekile sesiko lase-Austrian uthando lwabo ngamasiko. Abantu abaningi base-Austrian bayaziqhenya ngendabuko yabo, umculo, umdanso, nemvunulo yesintu efana ne-lederhosen noma i-dirndls. Ukwamukela la masiko kungabongwa abantu bendawo. Lapho udla e-Austria, kuwumkhuba ukulinda umsingathi noma umsikazi ukuthi anikeze isignali ngaphambi kokuqala ukudla. Kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile futhi ukuthi ungaqali ukudla kuze kuphakelwe wonke umuntu etafuleni. Ukuthipha kulindelekile kodwa hhayi ukuphana njengamanye amazwe; ukuqoqa noma ukusikisela cishe u-5-10% wesikweletu kwanele. Esihlokweni sama-taboos noma izihloko ezibucayi ongase ufune ukuzigwema ukuxoxa ngazo: izindaba ezihlobene neMpi Yezwe II kufanele kuzwelwe kuzo ngenxa yobudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi be-Austria nendima yayo ngaleso sikhathi. Ukwengeza, izingxoxo ezimayelana nengcebo yomuntu siqu noma imali engenayo ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengezingafaneleki ngaphandle kwalapho zivezwe ngokucacile ozakwenu base-Austrian. Sekukonke, abantu base-Austrian bayakwazisa isizotha nokuhlonipha isiko. Ngokwamukela lawa masiko kuyilapho ukhumbula izihloko ezingase zingafaneleki lapho uhlanganyela nabantu bendawo e-Austria, cishe uzoba nokuzizwisa okuhle kokuhlola leli zwe elihle nokuxhumana nezakhamuzi zalo ezinezinhliziyo ezifudumele.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
I-Austria inohlelo olusungulwe kahle lokuphatha amasiko oluqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwemingcele okushelelayo kanye nokuhamba kahle kwezimpahla. Izwe liyilungu le-European Union, okusho ukuthi imithetho nezinqubo ezithile zihambisana namazinga e-EU. Ukuqala, abahambi abangena e-Austria kufanele bazi ngemithetho yamasiko. Lapho ufika, yonke imithwalo kufanele imenyezelwe kwabaphathi bempahla. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinto ezithile ezifana nezibhamu, izidakamizwa, izimpahla zomgunyathi, nezilwane ezivikelwe azivunyelwe ngokuphelele ukuba zilethwe ezweni. Ukwengeza, kunemikhawulo enanini lotshwala nemikhiqizo kagwayi evunyelwe ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu. I-Austria isebenzisa indlela yomzila obomvu-oluhlaza emingceleni yayo yezakhamizi ze-EU ezivela ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwe-EU. Umzila oluhlaza owabagibeli abangenazo izimpahla ezikhokhiswa intela noma imikhawulo. Umzila obomvu usetshenziswa abantu abaphethe izimpahla ezeqa imingcele yamahhala noma labo abadinga izimvume ezikhethekile. Uma kuziwa ekubuyiselweni kwe-VAT ezivakashini ezingezona eze-EU ezithenga e-Austria, kunezinqubo ezithile ezikhona. Izivakashi kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi zithola ama-invoyisi okuqala avela kubathengisi ababamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokuthenga ngaphandle kwentela bese bethula la madokhumenti lapho besuka khona ekugcineni phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu zokuthenga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhulu zeCustoms yase-Austrian zinamandla okuhlola abahambi nemithwalo yabo noma ngabe sebedlule ezilawulweni zabokufika. Lokhu kuhlola kungase kuhlanganise ukuskena kwe-X-ray noma ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba ukuvimbela ukushushumbiswa noma imisebenzi engekho emthethweni. Sekukonke, kubalulekile ukuthi izivakashi zizijwayeze nemithetho yamasiko yase-Austria ngaphambi kokuhamba ukuze zigweme noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka noma izinhlawulo lapho zifika. Ukuqaphela imikhawulo ezintweni ezinqatshelwe kanye nemikhawulo yamahhala kuzoqinisekisa uhambo olushelelayo ngaphandle kokuhlupheka nezikhulu zempahla yase-Austrian.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-Austria yaziwa ngezinqubomgomo zayo zentela yokungenisa, ehlose ukukhuthaza uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kuyilapho ivikela izimboni zasekhaya. Izwe lilandela i-European Union's Common Customs Tariff (CCT) yezimpahla eziningi ezithengwa ngaphandle kwe-EU. Ngaphansi kwezinqubomgomo zentela yokungenisa yase-Austria, izigaba ezahlukahlukene zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe zingaphansi kwamazinga ahlukene entela. Kodwa-ke, njengelungu le-EU Single Market, i-Austria ijabulela ukuhwebelana kwamahhala namanye amazwe angamalungu e-EU futhi ayikhokhisi intela ezimpahleni ezithengiswa ngaphakathi kwe-EU. I-Austria ibeka intela ye-value-added tax (VAT) ezimpahleni ezingenisiwe, okwamanje esethwe ngezinga elijwayelekile elingu-20%. Lokhu kusebenza emikhiqizweni eminingi yabathengi namasevisi alethwa ezweni evela emazweni angewona awe-EU. Kodwa-ke, izilinganiso ze-VAT ezehlisiwe ezikhethekile zisebenza ezintweni ezithile ezifana nemikhiqizo yokudla (10%), izincwadi namaphephandaba (10%), kanye nezindawo zokulala zamahhotela (13%). Ngokungeziwe ku-VAT, izigaba ezithile zemikhiqizo ethile zingaheha intela eyengeziwe yempahla noma izintela zempahla. Lezi zihlanganisa utshwala, imikhiqizo kagwayi, izimoto zikaphethiloli, nezinye izinto zikanokusho. Amanani athile ayahluka kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo ongeniswayo. Ukuze kube lula ukuhweba futhi kuncishiswe imithwalo yokuphatha yamabhizinisi ahlanganyela kwezohwebo zamazwe ngamazwe, i-Austria isebenzise izinqubo zamasiko ezilula ezifana nezimemezelo ze-elekthronikhi nezinqubo zokusula ezisheshisa ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla ziwela imingcele yayo. Kubalulekile kubantu noma izinkampani ezibandakanyekayo ekungeniseni izimpahla e-Austria ukuthi zizijwayeze nemithethonqubo yokungenisa efanelekile ehlanganisa nezidingo zemibhalo, izinyathelo zokuthobela amazinga omkhiqizo njengokumaka i-CE kwemikhiqizo ethile ethengiswa eYurophu), imithetho yokulebula ekucacisweni kolimi lwesiJalimane). Sekukonke, inqubomgomo yentela yokungenisa yase-Austria ihlose ukugcina umnotho wemakethe evulekile kuyilapho isebenzisa izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuvikela izimboni ezizwelayo ngaphakathi.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
I-Austria iyizwe elivaliwe elise-Central Europe. Inomnotho othuthuke kahle futhi yaziwa ngokuthumela izimpahla nezinsiza ezahlukene kwamanye amazwe. Izwe lilandela inqubomgomo yentela ezimpahleni ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe esekela ukukhula komnotho walo. I-Austria ayifaki intela ethile yokuthekelisa ezimpahleni eziphuma ezweni. Kodwa-ke, ikhokhisa intela ye-value-added tax (VAT) kukho kokubili ukuthengiswa kwasekhaya kanye nokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla namasevisi kwamanye amazwe. Izinga le-VAT elijwayelekile e-Austria okwamanje lisethwe ku-20%, kodwa kukhona amanani ancishisiwe angu-10% no-13% emikhiqizweni ethile efana nokudla, indawo yokulala yamahhotela, imicimbi yamasiko, njll. Emabhizinisini enza imisebenzi yokuthekelisa, i-VAT ingakhululwa noma ilinganiselwe ngeqanda ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Abathumeli bangaphandle badinga ukuhlinzeka ngobufakazi bomsebenzi wokuthekelisa njengama-invoyisi ezentengiselwano, imibhalo yezokuthutha, imvume yentela, njll., ukuze bafanelekele ukukhululwa ku-VAT noma ukulinganisa iqanda. Ngokungeziwe ekucatshangelweni kwe-VAT, abathekelisi bangase futhi badinge ukuthobela imisebenzi yempahla ebekwe yi-Austria noma izwe okuyiwa kulo abathumela kulo. Izimpahla ezithengiswayo zibekwe amazwe ngamanye ngokusekelwe kuzinqubomgomo zawo zokuhweba futhi zingahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo nemvelaphi/indawo. I-Austria njengengxenye ye-European Union (EU), izuza ezivumelwaneni ezihlukahlukene zokuhweba ngaphakathi kwemakethe ye-EU kanye nokuphathwa okukhethekile ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala ezisayinwe namanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Lezi zivumelwano zivame ukwehlisa noma ukuqeda intela yokungenisa phakathi kwamazwe abambe iqhaza. Sekukonke, inqubomgomo yentela yase-Austria ephathelene nezimpahla ezithunyelwayo igxile kakhulu ekuqoqeni intela yenani elingeziwe esikhundleni sokubeka izintela ezithile eziqondise ngokuqondile emikhiqizweni ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Amabhizinisi agxile ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe kufanele afune iseluleko sochwepheshe mayelana nezimfuneko ezithile zamadokhumenti nezibopho zokuthobelana ezihlobene nokukhululwa ku-VAT noma ukulinganisa iqanda uma uthekelisa usuka e-Austria.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
I-Austria iyizwe elivaliwe elise-Central Europe futhi lidume ngemikhiqizo namasevisi alo aphezulu. Ukuze kube lula ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe, i-Austria isungule uhlelo oluqinile lwesitifiketi sokuthumela ngaphandle oluqinisekisa ukwethembeka nokuphepha kwezimpahla zayo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Inqubo yesitifiketi sase-Austria sokuthekelisa ibandakanya izinyathelo ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, abathumeli bangaphandle kudingeka baqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo ithobela imithetho nemithetho yase-Austrian ephathelene nempilo, ukuphepha, namazinga ekhwalithi. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuthola izimvume ezidingekayo noma amalayisense aqondene nezimboni ezithile. Okwesibili, abathumeli bangaphandle kumele bahambisane nemithetho ye-European Union (EU) njengoba i-Austria iyilungu le-EU. Le mithetho ihlanganisa izici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezidingo zokulebula, ukucaciswa komkhiqizo, amazinga okupakisha, nokucatshangelwa kwemvelo. Ukwengeza, eminye imikhiqizo ingadinga izitifiketi ezengeziwe noma imibhalo kuye ngohlobo lwayo. Isibonelo, ukuthunyelwa kwezolimo kwamanye amazwe kufanele kuhambisane nemihlahlandlela Yenqubomgomo Yezolimo Evamile ye-EU mayelana nezibonelelo, amanani entengo, izabelo, namazinga okukhiqiza. Ukuze uthole isitifiketi sokuthekelisa e-Austria, othumela ngaphandle udinga ukuhambisa amadokhumenti adingekayo kanye nemininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nempahla ethunyelwayo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ama-invoyisi noma imibhalo yezentengiselwano, amarisidi okukhokha, izitifiketi zendabuko, namafomu entela. lawa maphepha ukuze athotshelwe ngaphambi kokunikeza imvume yokuthekelisa. Abathekelisi baphinde bakwazi ukukhetha ukusebenzisa ama-ejensi ezinkampani zangaphandle ezigunyazwe uhulumeni wase-Austrian ukwenza lolu hlelo lube lula.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Austria inezivumelwano zamazwe amabili namazwe amaningana ezenza kube lula izinqubo zokuhwebelana phakathi kwawo, okwenza kube lula kubathumeli abavela kulawo mazwe athile. Ngokuhambisana nenqubo eqinile ye-Austria yesitifiketi sokuthumela ngaphandle, ukuthunyelwa kwaleli zwe kuzuza ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yekhwalithi yakho, ukwethembeka, nokunamathela ezindinganisweni zokuhwebelana zamazwe ngamazwe.Lezi zitifiketi futhi zisiza ekwakheni ukwethembana phakathi kwabathengi bakwamanye amazwe, okuholela ekukhuleni komnotho okusimeme ngokwandiswa kwamathuba ebhizinisi lamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Austria, eseCentral Europe, yaziwa ngenethiwekhi yayo yezokuthutha esebenza kahle nethembekile. Njengoba isendaweni yayo enamasu ezimpambanweni zemigwaqo emikhulu yezokuthutha, i-Austria inikeza izinsiza ezinhle kakhulu zezokuthutha kumabhizinisi endawo nawamazwe ngamazwe. Enye yezinto eziyinhloko ezinomthelela engqalasizinda yezokuthutha eqinile yase-Austria uxhaxha lwemigwaqo ethuthuke kahle. Izwe linohlelo olubanzi lwemigwaqo emikhulu nemigwaqo esheshayo elixhumanisa namazwe angomakhelwane njengeJalimane, iSwitzerland, i-Italy, iSlovakia, neHungary. Lokhu kwenza ezokuthutha zomgwaqo zibe inketho ekahle yokuthutha izimpahla ngaphakathi kwe-Austria noma ukweqa imingcele. Ngaphezu kwemigwaqo, i-Austria nayo inohlelo lwesitimela oluxhumeke kahle. I-Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) isebenzisa inethiwekhi ebanzi yezitimela ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuthutha izimpahla ezisheshayo nezisebenzayo ezweni lonke. Ukuthutha ngojantshi kunenzuzo ikakhulukazi ezimpahleni ezinkulu noma ezisindayo njengoba kuvumela umthamo omkhulu wezimpahla ukuthi uthuthwe ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kumabhizinisi afuna izinketho zokuthutha ngendiza, i-Austria inezikhumulo zezindiza eziningana zamazwe ngamazwe ezisebenza njengezindawo ezibalulekile zempahla. I-Vienna International Airport iyisikhumulo sezindiza esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Austria esinesikhungo esizinikele sokuphatha impahla esihlinzeka ngezinsiza eziphelele zokuthutha ngendiza. Ezinye izikhumulo zezindiza ezinkulu e-Graz, e-Linz, nase-Salzburg nazo zihlinzeka ngokusebenza kahle kwezimpahla zomoya. Indawo emaphakathi ye-Austria iphinde inikeze ukufinyelela ezikhumulweni zemikhumbi ezimbalwa ngokusebenzisa amazwe angomakhelwane njengeJalimane noma i-Italy. Nakuba ingenakho ukufinyelela ngqo ngasogwini ngokwayo, amabhizinisi angasebenzisa amachweba aseduze njenge-Hamburg noma i-Trieste ukuthutha impahla ngempumelelo phesheya kwezilwandle ngezinkonzo zokuthutha olwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Austria inikeza anhlobonhlobo abahlinzeki benkonzo yezokuthutha abasebenza ngokukhethekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokuphathwa kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla okubandakanya ukugcinwa kwempahla nokusabalalisa. Lezi zinkampani zihlinzeka ngezinsiza zesimanje ezifakwe ubuchwepheshe besimanje obuqinisekisa ukugcinwa okuphephile nokulethwa kwezimpahla ngesikhathi. Okokugcina, ukubaluleka kunikezwa ekusimameni kwezinqubo ze-logistics zase-Austrian ngemizamo ethuthukisa izixazululo eziluhlaza ezizuza umfutho. Abahlinzeki abaningi bezokuthutha bagxile ekusebenziseni izimoto ezingasindi imvelo nasekusebenziseni izindlela ezonga amandla emisebenzini yabo, Ukufingqa, i-Austria inikeza izinketho ezinhle kakhulu zokuhleleka ngokusebenzisa imigwaqo kanye namanethiwekhi kaloliwe athuthukiswe kahle, izinsiza ezisebenza kahle zokuthutha ngendiza, ukufinyelela kalula ezikhumulweni zemikhumbi ezingomakhelwane, abahlinzeki bempahla abahlukahlukene, kanye nokugcizelela okukhulayo kokusimama. Amabhizinisi angathembela kungqalasizinda yezokuthutha eqinile yase-Austria ukuze aqinisekise ukusebenza kahle nokulethwa kwezimpahla ngesikhathi.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

I-Austria, emaphakathi ne-Europe, iyikhaya leziteshi ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe nemibukiso yezohwebo. Lezi zinkundla zinikeza amabhizinisi amathuba okukhulisa amanethiwekhi awo futhi abonise imikhiqizo yawo kubabukeli bomhlaba. Nazi ezinye ezibaluleke kakhulu: 1. I-Vienna International Centre (VIC): Njengenye yezindlunkulu ezine zeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene, i-VIC isebenza njengesizinda somhlaba wonke semisebenzi yobunxusa kanye nokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. Inqwaba yezinhlangano nama-ejensi asebenza ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo zawo, akha ubudlelwano obungaba khona namathuba ebhizinisi. 2. I-Vienna Trade Fairs: Izikhungo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemibukiso e-Vienna - i-Messe Wien Exhibition & Congress Centre (FVA) kanye ne-Reed Exhibitions i-Messe Wien - isingatha imibukiso yezohwebo ehlukahlukene unyaka wonke. Le micimbi ihlanganisa imikhakha efana neyokwakha, ubuchwepheshe, ezokuvakasha, ukudla nesiphuzo, imfashini, nokunye. 3. Isikhungo Sombukiso saseGraz: Lesi sikhungo seGraz esisedolobheni lesibili ngobukhulu e-Austria, siheha abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abavela ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ubunjiniyela bezimoto, ukukhiqiza ugesi, ubuchwepheshe bezemvelo phakathi kwezinye. 4. I-Salzburg Trade Fairs: I-Salzburg Exhibition & Congress Centre isingatha imibukiso yezohwebo eminingi egxile emikhakheni efana nemikhiqizo yemakethe yezobuciko neyezandla efana ne-ceramics noma amathuluzi okwenza ubucwebe. 5. Amaplathifomu okuthengwa kwempahla ku-inthanethi: Izinkundla ezimbalwa zedijithali zinika amandla amabhizinisi ukuthi azibandakanye ekutholeni indawo yamazwe ngamazwe okuvela kubahlinzeki base-Austria kalula. Izibonelo zifaka i-Alibaba.com (Global Sources), i-GlobalTrade.net (isevisi eyenziwe yi-Export Entreprises SA), noma i-Austria Export Online. 6 I-Austrian Federal Economic Chamber (WKO): Lesi sikhungo sisebenza njengommeli wezinkampani zase-Austrian phesheya kuyilapho siheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe ngenethiwekhi yaso yamahhovisi ezifunda kulo lonke elase-Austria. I-7 E-Marketplaces: Izindawo ezidumile ze-e-market ezifana ne-Amazon.com noma i-eBay.com zinikeza amabhizinisi ase-Austrian ithuba lokufinyelela inani elikhulu lamakhasimende emhlabeni jikelele ngemikhiqizo noma amasevisi awo. Imibukiso eyisi-8 Eqondene Nezimboni: Imibukiso ehlukahlukene eqondene nomkhakha yenzeka minyaka yonke e-Austria yonkana ehlanganisa abadlali ababalulekile abavela ezifundeni ezihlukene emhlabeni wonke ngezinjongo zokuxhumana nokuthenga. Isibonelo, i-Vienna Autoshow ingomunye wemibukiso yezimoto ebaluleke kakhulu yase-Europe, kuyilapho i-Salon Österreich Wein ibukisa ngezindawo zewayini ezidumile zase-Austria. Eminye imicimbi eqondene nemboni ethile ihlanganisa i-Energy Innovation Austria yomkhakha wamandla kanye ne-Intersolar yamabhizinisi asebenzisa amandla elanga. Sengiphetha, i-Austria inikezela ngeziteshi ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla zamazwe ngamazwe ezihlanganisa i-VIC, i-Vienna Trade Fairs, i-Graz Exhibition Centre, kanye ne-Salzburg Trade Fairs. Ukwengeza, izinkundla eziku-inthanethi ezifana ne-Alibaba.com ne-WKO zinikeza izindlela zokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi lomhlaba wonke. Uhwebo oluqondene nemboni ethile lukhombisa futhi ukuthuthukisa amathuba ngokuhlanganisa ababambe iqhaza ababalulekile emikhakheni ethile. Lezi zinkundla zihlangene zifaka isandla esimweni sebhizinisi lamazwe ngamazwe e-Austria futhi zenza kube lula ukuhwebelana namazwe ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele.
I-Austria, eseCentral Europe, yaziwa ngamagugu ayo acebile amasiko kanye nezindawo ezinhle. Uma kuziwa ekusetshenzisweni kwe-inthanethi, abantu base-Austrian bathembele kakhulu ezinjinini zokusesha ukuze bathole ulwazi ku-inthanethi. Yize izinjini zokusesha ezihamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele njenge-Google zisetshenziswa kakhulu, kukhona futhi izinjini zokusesha ezidumile zendawo ezibhekelela ikakhulukazi izethameli zase-Austria. Nalu uhlu lwezinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa e-Austria: 1. I-Google Austria: Inguqulo ye-Austrian yenjini yokusesha edume kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ingafinyelelwa ku-www.google.at. Ihlinzeka ngemiphumela yasendaweni namasevisi enzelwe imakethe yase-Austrian. 2. I-Bing: Injini yokusesha ye-Microsoft i-Bing nayo inesizinda sabasebenzisi esibalulekile e-Austria. Ngokuvakashela ku-www.bing.com noma ngokushintsha izilungiselelo zakho zokuphequlula zibe yi-Austria, ungafinyelela imiphumela eyenziwe ngokwezifiso zaleli zwe. 3. I-Yahoo - Wikipedia: Nakuba kungeyona injini yokusesha ezinikele, abantu abaningi base-Austrian basebenzisa ikhasi eliyisiqalo le-Yahoo njengesango labo eliyinhloko eliya ku-inthanethi lapho bengafinyelela khona izinsiza ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ukusesha iwebhu. Vakashela ku-www.yahoo.at noma usethe izintandokazi zesiphequluli sakho ngendlela efanele. 4. I-Ecosia - Die grüne Suchmaschine: I-Ecosia iyinjini yokusesha ekhathalela imvelo enikela ngenzuzo yayo eningi emizamweni yokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi emhlabeni wonke. Abasebenzisi base-Austrian abazisa ukusimama bangakhetha i-Ecosia njengenketho yabo ezenzakalelayo ngokufinyelela ku-www.ecosia.org/at/. 5. I-Lycos Austria: I-Lycos inikeza izinguqulo zasendaweni zamazwe ahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-Austria (www.lycosaustria.at) lapho abasebenzisi bangenza ukusesha okuqondiswe ngqo kulesi sifunda. 6. yelp – Österreichs Yelp-Seite: I-Yelp yaziwa kakhulu ngokuhlinzeka ngokubuyekezwa okukhiqizwe umsebenzisi nezincomo mayelana namabhizinisi ahlukahlukene nezikhungo emazweni ahlukene emhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa ne-Austria (www.yelp.at). Ngaphandle kwalezi zinketho ezisekelwe e-Austrian, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abantu abaningi base-Austrian basasebenzisa izinkundla zomhlaba ezifana ne-Google ngenxa yokuhlanganisa kwabo okunabile nokunemba kwemiphumela kuzo zonke izindawo. Sekukonke, lezi zinjini zokusesha ezisohlwini olungenhla zinikeza uhla lwezinketho kubasebenzisi ukuze bathole ulwazi abaludingayo ngenkathi behlola i-inthanethi e-Austria. Kodwa-ke, kuhlale kuhle ukuthi ulandelele amathrendi nokuthandwayo kwendawo njengoba kungase kuguquke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

E-Austria, izinkomba eziphambili zamakhasi aphuzi zihlanganisa: 1. Idatha Yebhizinisi lika-Herold: U-Herold ungomunye wemibhalo edume kakhulu yamakhasi aphuzi e-Austria. Inikeza ulwazi olunzulu mayelana namabhizinisi, izinsizakalo, kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Iwebhusayithi: www.herold.at 2. I-Telefonbuch Österreich (Telekom): Uhlu lwemibhalo yocingo lwe-Telekom lungenye insiza evelele yokuthola uhlu lwamabhizinisi kanye nolwazi lokuxhumana e-Austria. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.telefonbuch.at 3. I-Cylex Österreich: I-Cylex inikeza uhlu olubanzi lwebhizinisi e-Austria. Inikeza amaphrofayela enkampani anemininingwane, ukubuyekezwa kwamakhasimende, nezilinganiso ukusiza abasebenzisi bathole imikhiqizo noma amasevisi afanelekile. Iwebhusayithi: www.cylex.at 4. I-Gelbe Seiten Austria (Herold Medien): I-Gelbe Seiten iwuhlu lwemibhalo oluku-inthanethi oluvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe amabhizinisi ngezigaba noma ngendawo kuyo yonke i-Austria. Iwebhusayithi: www.gelbeseiten.at 5. 11880.com - Das Örtliche (Telegate Media): Lolu hlu lwemibhalo oluku-inthanethi, olwaziwa nge-"Das Örtliche," lwenza abasebenzisi bakwazi ukucinga amabhizinisi endawo nezinombolo zocingo ezibalulekile ezifundeni ezahlukene e-Austria. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.dasoertliche.at 6. I-GoYellow (I-Sure Holdings GmbH): I-GoYellow inikezela ngesizindalwazi esibanzi esinokufakwa okuningi kwebhizinisi okuvela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yase-Austria. Inikeza imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nenkampani ngayinye kanye nezibuyekezo zabasebenzisi. Iwebhusayithi https://www.goyellow.de/ Lezi zinkomba zamakhasi aphuzi zingafinyelelwa ku-inthanethi ngokusebenzisa amawebhusayithi azo ashiwo ngenhla. Zisebenza njengezinsiza ezibalulekile zokuthola amabhizinisi nemininingwane yokuxhumana ehlobene ngaphakathi kwemakethe yase-Austrian. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amanye alawa mawebhusayithi angaba nazo zombili izinguqulo zesiJalimane nesiNgisi ezitholakalayo ukuze zihlinzekele izilimi ezikhethwa ngabasebenzisi.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

I-Austria, izwe elihle eliseCentral Europe, inezinkundla ezimbalwa ezinkulu ze-e-commerce ezibhekelela izidingo zabantu bakhona. Nalu uhlu lwamapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce e-Austria kanye namawebhusayithi abo: 1. I-Amazon Austria: Njengenye yezinkundla ezinkulu ze-e-commerce emhlabeni, i-Amazon nayo isebenza e-Austria. Amakhasimende angathola inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo ehlanganisa izinto zikagesi, imfashini, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.amazon.at 2. I-eBay Austria: Indawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi lapho abantu bangathenga futhi bathengise izinto ezintsha noma ezisetshenzisiwe. I-eBay inikeza izigaba ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-electronics, imfashini, okuqoqwayo, nokuningi. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.ebay.at 3. U-Otto Österreich: Le nkundla inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo kusukela kwezimpahla zokugqoka kuye kweyasekhaya kanye nezinto zikagesi. Inikeza amakhasimende izinketho ezihlukahlukene zokuthenga ku-inthanethi. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.otto.at 4. I-Bol.com Austria: Inkundla eyaziwayo yezincwadi nemikhiqizo yemidiya ye-elekthronikhi njengama-DVD noma ama-CD. I-Bol.com futhi inikeza amathoyizi, imidlalo, amadivaysi ekhompyutha. Iwebhusayithi: www.bol.com/at/ 5. I-Zalando Austria: Ikhethekile kwezemfashini nezicathulo zabesilisa, abesifazane, nezingane ezivela ezinkampanini ezihlukene ezidumile emhlabeni jikelele. Iwebhusayithi: www.zalando.at 6.Buyvip.at : Iklabhu yokuthengisa yangasese enikezela ngamadili akhethekile wezimpahla zomkhiqizo ngamanani ahlisiwe. Iwebhusayithi (iqondiswe kabusha ku): https://www.amazon.de/b?ie=UTF8&node=10156082031&ref=pz_asin_mw_website_at_lnd_472.webkit.aplus-10.product-site-merch-enhanced-mb23817_c4-777_cd_e917_23817_23817_c4_eff-e92_ 648- f1d78ff75497_ACES_GREY_ATCCOEUGV358T1XBK63A.--ESBUUIGV225B7316GL.by_conversions_homepage_other_mb_Product_page_card_2C_AFV3_maskwebairtaskersto1_v2v2v2v2v2v2v2C_AFV3_maskwebairtaskersto1_v2v2v2v2v2v2v2v2v2v2 Lezi zinkundla ze-e-commerce e-Austria zinikeza inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo kanye nolwazi olulula lokuthenga ku-inthanethi. Noma ngabe ufuna izincwadi, izinto zikagesi, izinto zemfashini, noma izimpahla zasendlini, lawa mawebhusayithi akunikeza izinketho eziningi zokuthola imikhiqizo oyifisayo ngokunethezeka kwekhaya lakho.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

I-Austria, izwe elihle e-Central Europe, inezinkundla zokuxhumana ezimbalwa ezidumile lapho abantu bengaxhuma khona, babelane ngokuqukethwe, futhi bahlanganyele nabanye. Nazi ezinye zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa kakhulu e-Austria: 1. I-Facebook (www.facebook.com): I-Facebook iyinkundla yezokuxhumana enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni jikelele futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi e-Austria. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze amaphrofayili abo, baxhumane nabangane nomndeni, bajoyine amaqembu, futhi babelane ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuqukethwe njengezithombe, amavidiyo, nezibuyekezo zesimo. 2. I-WhatsApp (www.whatsapp.com): I-WhatsApp uhlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo olusetshenziswa izigidi emhlabeni jikelele kokubili ukuxhumana komuntu siqu kanye nochwepheshe. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathumele imilayezo yombhalo, ukurekhodwa kwezwi, ukwenza amakholi wevidiyo kanye nokwabelana ngamadokhumenti namafayela e-multimedia. 3. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com): I-Instagram iyinkundla yokwabelana ngezithombe edume kakhulu eyazuza ukuduma okubalulekile e-Austria ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Abasebenzisi bangathumela izithombe namavidiyo kumaphrofayela abo besebenzisa izihlungi ezibukeka kahle futhi bahlanganyele nabanye abasebenzisi ngokuphawula noma imilayezo eqondile. 4. I-Twitter (www.twitter.com): I-Twitter ivumela abasebenzisi ukuveza imicabango noma imibono yabo ngokuthunyelwe okufushane okusekelwe embhalweni okwaziwa ngokuthi "ama-tweets." Le nkundla ye-microblogging ikhuthaza ukuxhumana ngezihloko ezihamba phambili ngokulandela izifunzo zabanye abasebenzisi. 5. I-XING (www.xing.com): I-XING igxile kakhulu emathubeni okuxhumana ephrofeshinali afana nokuzingela umsebenzi noma othintana nabo bebhizinisi ngaphakathi komphakathi wochwepheshe wase-Austria. 6.TikTok(www.tiktok.com):I-TikTok isithole ukuduma ngokushesha phakathi kwababukeli abancane ngokudala amavidiyo amafushane athokozisayo afaka izinselelo zemidanso, izikhathi zokucula njll.. 7.Snapchat(www.snapchat.com):I-Snapchat inikeza inkundla yokwabelana ngezithombe noma amavidiyo anyamalalayo ngemva kokuyibuka kanye.Iphinde inikeze izici ezihlukahlukene ezijabulisayo njengezihlungi, amalensi, nezitikha. 8.Reddit(www.reddit.com):I-Reddit iqukethe imiphakathi eminingi esekelwe ezintweni ezithakaselwayo ezihlukahlukene lapho amalungu engazibandakanya ezingxoxweni.Izindaba zamanje, ezemidlalo, amamuvi, amageyimu ngezinye zezihloko ezivamile phakathi kwabasebenzisi base-Austrian Reddit. Lezi ezinye zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezidumile e-Austria. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukutholakala nokusetshenziswa kungase kwehluke phakathi kwabantu abahlukene kanye nabantu ngabanye.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

I-Austria inenhlobo ebanzi yezinhlangano zezimboni ezimele imikhakha eyahlukene yezomnotho. Lezi zinhlangano zidlala indima ebalulekile ekubumbeni inqubomgomo, ukumela izinkampani ezingamalungu azo, kanye nokuthuthukisa izintshisekelo zezimboni zazo. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano eziyinhloko zezimboni e-Austria kanye namawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Austrian Federal Economic Chamber (Wirtschaftskammer Österreich): Leli gumbi limele yonke imikhakha yomnotho wase-Austrian futhi liyinhlangano enkulu yamakamelo athile akhethekile. Iwebhusayithi https://www.wko.at/ 2. I-Austrian Trade Association (Handelsverband Österreich): Le nhlangano imele abathengisi nabathengisi bezitolo abasebenza e-Austria. Iwebhusayithi http://www.handelsverband.at/en/ 3. I-Federation of Austrian Industries (Industriellenvereinigung): I-Federation imele amabhizinisi ezimboni kuyo yonke imikhakha ehlukene, ethonya izinqubomgomo ezihlobene nemithetho yezabasebenzi, intela, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, nohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi https://www.iv-net.at/home.html 4. I-Association for Fashion & Lifestyle Industries (Verband der Mode- und Lifestyleindustrie): Le nhlangano ihlanganisa abasiki bengqephu, abakhiqizi, abathengisi, nabanye ababambiqhaza embonini yezemfashini. Iwebhusayithi http://www.v-mode.eu/cms/ 5. I-Tourism Industry Association Austria (Österreichische Hotel- und Tourismusbankerschaft): Imele abaqhubi bezokuvakasha, amahhotela, izindawo zokudlela, izindawo zokungcebeleka zamaholide phakathi kokunye; le nhlangano idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ezokuvakasha ngaphakathi kwe-Austria nakwamanye amazwe. Iwebhusayithi http://www.oehvt.at/en/ 6. I-Austrian Farmers' Federation (Landwirtschaftskammer Österreich): Imele abalimi namabhizinisi ezolimo ezweni lonke; lo mfelandawonye usebenzela ukumela izimfuno zezolimo phambi kwezinhlaka zikahulumeni emazingeni kazwelonke nawamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi http://www.lk-oe.at/en.html 7. I-Information Technology Industry Council Austria (Fachverband der Elektro- und Elektronikindustrie - Bundessparte Informationstechnologie – Wirtschaftskammer Österreich): Le nhlangano imele izinkampani ze-IT futhi ithuthukise izintshisekelo zomkhakha we-IT wase-Austrian. Iwebhusayithi http://www.izt.at/ Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa nje zezinhlangano eziningi zezimboni e-Austria. Bahlinzeka ngezinsiza ezibalulekile, izinsizakalo, kanye nokumela imikhakha yabo. Uma unentshisekelo embonini ethile, kuyanconywa ukuthi uhlole amawebhusayithi ezinhlangano ezihlobene ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

I-Austria, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhulikhi yase-Austria, iyizwe eliseCentral Europe. Inomnotho othuthuke kahle futhi yaziwa ngezinga layo eliphezulu lokuphila. Izwe linamawebhusayithi ahlukahlukene ezomnotho nezohwebo ahlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile nezinsiza kubantu ngabanye namabhizinisi abheke ukwenza imisebenzi yezomnotho noma ukuhweba ngaphakathi kwe-Austria. Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi avelele ezomnotho nezohwebo e-Austria kanye nama-URL awo ahlukahlukene: 1. I-Austrian Federal Economic Chamber (Wirtschaftskammer Österreich): www.wko.at Le webhusayithi inikeza ulwazi olubanzi mayelana nomnotho wase-Austrian, imithetho yebhizinisi, amathuba emakethe, imicimbi yokuxhumana, kanye nezinsizakalo ezihlinzekwa yi-Chamber. 2. I-ADVANTAGE AUSTRIA: www.advantageaustria.org I-Advantage Austria ingosi yebhizinisi lamazwe ngamazwe esetshenziswa yi-Austrian Federal Economic Chamber. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi oluningiliziwe ngamathuba okutshala imali, isiqondiso sokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, iseluleko sokuqala ibhizinisi e-Austria, imininingwane eqondene nomkhakha othile, nokuningi. 3. I-Austrian Business Agency: www.investinaustria.at I-Austrian Business Agency (ABA) isebenza njengozakwethu osemthethweni wezinkampani zangaphandle ezinentshisekelo yokuthola ubukhona bazo noma ukwandisa imisebenzi yazo e-Austria. Le webhusayithi ihlinzeka ngolwazi olufanele ngokwenza ibhizinisi e-Austria. 4. Izibalo zase-Austria (Statistik Österreich): www.statistik.at/web_en/ I-Statistics Austria inesibopho sokuqoqa, ukuhlaziya, nokushicilela idatha yezibalo ehlobene nezici ezihlukahlukene zomnotho wase-Austrian njengezibalo zabantu, izitayela zemakethe yezabasebenzi, amazinga okukhula kwe-GDP njll., okungabaluleka kumabhizinisi nakubatshalizimali abafuna ukuqonda kwemakethe. 5. I-Oesterreichische Nationalbank - Isigaba Sokuhlaziya Umnotho: https://www.oenb.at/en/Monetary-Policy-Agenda/Economic-analysis.html I-Oesterreichische National Bank's Economic Analysis Division ihlinzeka ngezincwadi zocwaningo ezihlobene nokuhlaziywa komnotho omkhulu wemikhakha eyahlukene emnothweni wase-Austria. 6.Discover Innovation evela kwa-AIT - https://www.notice-ait.com/ I-AIT, i-Austrian Institute of Technology, yethula amaphrojekthi ayo esayensi kochwepheshe bezomnotho nezimboni kule nkundla. Iwebhusayithi inikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuqamba kanye nentuthuko yocwaningo e-Austria. Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zamawebhusayithi amaningi ezomnotho nezohwebo atholakala e-Austria. Ukuhlola lezi zinsiza kuzokunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ngomnotho wase-Austrian, amathuba okutshala imali, izitayela zemakethe, imithetho yebhizinisi, nokuningi.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi okuthola idatha yezohwebo e-Austria, anezixhumanisi kuwo: 1. I-Austrian Federal Economic Chamber (Wirtschaftskammer Osterreich) Iwebhusayithi https://www.wko.at/service/aussenwirtschaft/Auslandsmarkt-Informationen.html 2. Izibalo zase-Austria (Statistik Austria) Iwebhusayithi: https://www.statistik.at/web_en/ 3.Ibhange Elimaphakathi lase-Austria (ibhange Lesizwe le-Oesterreichische) Iwebhusayithi: https://www.oenb.at/en/Statistics/economic-sectors/outside-austria/trade-in-goods.html 4.I-Federal Ministry yeDigital and Economic Affairs (Bundesministerium fur Digitalisierung und Wirtschaftsstandort) 4.I-Federal Ministry yeDigital and Economic Affairs (Bundesministerium fur digitalisierung und Wirtschaftsstandard) Iwebhusayithi: http://help.gv.at/Portal.Node/hlpd/public/content/671/Seite.6710460.html Lawa mawebhusayithi ahlinzeka ngolwazi oluningiliziwe kanye nezibalo mayelana nedatha yezohwebo kazwelonke yase-Austria. Ungathola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nedatha yokuhweba ngokulandela izixhumanisi zewebhusayithi ngayinye futhi upheqa amakhasi afanele.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

I-Austria, izwe elise-Central Europe, yaziwa ngengqalasizinda yayo eqinile yebhizinisi kanye nezinkundla ezichumayo ze-B2B (Ibhizinisi-kuya-Ibhizinisi). Kunezinkundla ezahlukahlukene ze-B2B e-Austria ezisiza ukuhweba nokusebenzisana phakathi kwamabhizinisi. Ngezansi kunohlu lwamapulatifomu e-B2B adumile e-Austria kanye namawebhusayithi abo ahlukahlukene. 1. I-EUROPAGES Austria - I-Europages iyinkundla ye-B2B eku-inthanethi exhumanisa abathengi nabahlinzeki abavela kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Inezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni nemikhakha, okuyenza ibe inkundla ekahle yokuxhumana nokuthola ozakwethu bebhizinisi. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.europages.at/ 2. I-Global Trade Plaza (GTP) - I-GTP iyindawo yemakethe ye-B2B yamazwe ngamazwe exhumanisa amabhizinisi ase-Austrian nabalingani bomhlaba. Inikeza izici eziphelele njengombukiso womkhiqizo, umkhondo wokuthenga/ukuthengisa, namathuba okuhweba. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.globaltradeplaza.com/austria 3. Exporters.SG - Njengoba igama libonisa, i-Exporters.SG igxile ekukhuthazeni ukuthunyelwa kwe-Austrian emakethe yomhlaba. Le nkundla yenza amabhizinisi akwazi ukufinyelela abathengi emhlabeni wonke ngokubonisa imikhiqizo noma amasevisi abo. Iwebhusayithi: https://austria.exporters.sg/ 4. I-Alibaba.com Austria - I-Alibaba.com ingenye yezinkundla ze-e-commerce ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni ze-B2B, okuhlanganisa nesigaba esizinikele samabhizinisi ase-Austria. Ivumela izinkampani zase-Austrian ukuthi zikhangise ngemikhiqizo yazo emhlabeni jikelele ngenethiwekhi yazo enkulu yabathengi. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.alibaba.com/countrysearch/AT/austria.html I-5.TV Media Online Markt Network (OMN) - I-TV Media Online Markt Network inikeza imakethe ye-inthanethi ekhethekile egxile ezimbonini ezihlobene nemidiya njengezinkampani zokukhangisa, izinkampani ezikhiqizayo, abasakazi njll., esiza izinkampani ukuthi zithole ozakwethu bezimboni ezibafunayo. Iwebhusayithi: http://tv-media.co/en/omn-austrian-marketplace I-6.ABB Marketplace- Indawo yeMakethe ye-ABB inikezela ngezixazululo ezizenzakalelayo zezimboni ezahlukahlukene njengokukhiqiza, ukuphathwa kwamandla njll., ukuxhuma abathengi nabahlinzeki bemikhiqizo ye-ABB namasevisi e-Austria. Iwebhusayithi: https://new.abb.com/marketplace Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zamapulatifomu e-B2B atholakala e-Austria. Kuhlale kunconywa ukuthi uqhubeke uhlole futhi uhlole inkundla ngayinye ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho zebhizinisi ngaphambi kokukhetha ekufanelekela kangcono.
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