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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
ISwitzerland, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iSwiss Confederation, iyizwe elivaliwe elisenkabeni yeYurophu. Izungezwe iJalimane enyakatho, iFrance ngasentshonalanga, i-Italy eningizimu, ne-Austria neLiechtenstein empumalanga. ISwitzerland inabantu ababalelwa ezigidini eziyisi-8.5 futhi ithatha indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-41,290. Izwe lidume ngezindawo zalo ezinhle ezisezintabeni ezinezintaba ezifana ne-Matterhorn ne-Eiger ebusa phezulu kwesibhakabhaka. Inhloko-dolobha yaseSwitzerland iBern, kanti amanye amadolobha amakhulu ahlanganisa iZurich - eyaziwa ngendawo yayo yezezimali kanye nezindawo eziheha amasiko - iGeneva - ikhaya lezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe - kanye neBasel - edume ngemboni yayo yemithi. I-Switzerland inohlelo lwezepolitiki oluhlukile olubonakala ngesakhiwo seriphabhulikhi yombuso lapho amandla abiwa phakathi kukahulumeni omkhulu kanye nohulumeni bezifunda. Le modeli ikhuthaza ukuzinza kwezepolitiki, ukusatshalaliswa kwengcebo phakathi kwezifunda, kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezilimi njengoba iSwitzerland inezilimi ezine ezisemthethweni: isiJalimane, isiFulentshi, isiNtaliyane, nesiRomansh. Uma sikhuluma ngokomnotho, iSwitzerland ingelinye lamazwe acebe kakhulu emhlabeni wonke anamazinga aphezulu okuphila. Izwe selizakhele njengesikhungo sezezimali somhlaba wonke esinamabhange afana ne-UBS noma i-Credit Suisse adlala izindima ezivelele kwezezimali zamazwe ngamazwe. Ukwengeza, inemikhakha yezimboni eqinile efana nemithi, imishini, namathuluzi anembayo. AbaseSwitzerland baziwa kakhulu ngokusungula kwabo izinto ezintsha, ucwaningo, kanye nobuciko bekhwalithi obunikela kakhulu empumelelweni yabo yezomnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-S witzerland ihlinzeka ngezinto eziningi eziheha amasiko okuhlanganisa iminyuziyamu edume umhlaba wonke njenge-Kunsthaus Zürich noma i-Musée d'Art et d'Histoire e-Geneva. Izakhamuzi nazo ziyakujabulela ukuhlanganyela emikhosini yesintu efana ne-Fête de l'Escalade noma i-Sechseläuten. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe elimangalisayo' i-landscape ihlinzeka ngamathuba amaningi emisebenzi yangaphandle okuhlanganisa ukuqwala izintaba, ukugibela eqhweni, ukuhamba ngomkhumbi, nokunye.I-Traditional Swiss cuisine, i-fondue, ushokoledi, namawashi yizinto ezaziwayo emhlabeni jikelele ezihlonzwe nalesi sizwe. Sengiphetha, i-S witzerland ivelele ngenxa yokungathathi hlangothi kwayo kwezombusazwe, izinga eliphezulu lokuphila, umnotho oqinile, ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko, nezindawo ezinhle. Lezi zici ziyenza ibe indawo ekhangayo yezivakashi kanye nendawo enhle yokuhlala nokusebenza.
Imali Yezwe
ISwitzerland, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeSwiss Confederation, inesimo semali esiyingqayizivele. Yize ingelona ilungu le-European Union, iSwitzerland ivamise ukuhlotshaniswa nohlelo lwezimali lwase-Europe ngenxa yokusondelana kwayo nobudlelwano bezomnotho namazwe e-EU. Kodwa-ke, iSwitzerland ilawula imali yayo ngokuzimela. Imali esemthethweni yaseSwitzerland yi-Swiss Franc (CHF). I-franc ifushanisiwe ngokuthi "Fr." noma "SFr." futhi uphawu lwayo luthi "₣". I-franc eyodwa ihlukaniswe ngamasentimitha ayi-100. Inqubomgomo yezimali eSwitzerland ilawulwa yi-Swiss National Bank (SNB), ehlose ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwentengo nokugcina izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali lingaphansi kuka-2%. I-SNB iyangenelela ezimakethe zokushintshisana ngemali yangaphandle ukuze ilawule inani le-franc uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izimali. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-Swiss Franc isibe nedumela njengemali ephephile ngenxa yokuzinza kwezombusazwe nomnotho waseSwitzerland oqinile. Ivamise ukubonga ngezikhathi zezinxushunxushu zezezimali zomhlaba wonke ngoba abatshalizimali bafuna ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphephile njengamabhondi aseSwitzerland noma babambe izimali zabo ngama-franc. Nakuba ngokwezwe izungezwe amazwe asebenzisa i-euro, njengeJalimane neFrance, iSwitzerland ikhethe ukungayisebenzisi le mali efanayo. Esikhundleni salokho, igcina ubukhosi bayo phezu kwenqubomgomo yezimali ngokuphatha okuzimele kwe-Swiss Franc. ISwitzerland iphinde ikhiphe ama-banknotes nezinhlamvu zemali ezitholakala ngama-franc. Amanothi atholakala kumahlelo ka-10, 20, 50, 100, 200 – lezi zikhombisa abantu baseSwitzerland abadumile ohlangothini olulodwa kuyilapho bebonisa izimpawu zezwe eziyisakhiwo sodumo ezinhlangothini zabo ezingemuva. Izinhlamvu zemali ziyatholakala ngamahlelo amasentimitha angu-5 (okungavamile ukusetshenziswa namuhla), amasentimitha angu-10 (ithusi), futhi ekukhuphukeni kwehlelo kuze kufike ku-CHF5 - lezi zifaka imiklamo ehlukene ebonisa izici zesiko namagugu aseSwitzerland. Sengiphetha, iSwitzerland igcina eyayo uhlelo lwemali oluzimele kanye ne-Swiss Franc esetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenzeni izinto ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo. Yize ingeyona ingxenye ye-EU, umnotho waseSwitzerland oqinile kanye nesimo sezepolitiki esizinzile kuqinise isithunzi se-Swiss Franc njengohlobo lwemali oluphephile.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali yaseSwitzerland esemthethweni yi-Swiss Franc (CHF). Okulandelayo yizilinganiso zokushintshana zemali kwezinye izinhlobo zemali enkulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Swiss Franc. 1 USD ≈ 0.99 CHF I-EUR engu-1 ≈ 1.07 CHF 1 GBP ≈ 1.19 CHF I-JPY engu-1 ≈ 0.0095 CHF Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amanani okushintshanisa ashintshashintsha futhi lawa manani angase ashintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Amaholide Abalulekile
I-Switzerland, njengezwe elinamasiko amaningi nezinhlobonhlobo, igubha amaholide amaningana abalulekile unyaka wonke. Nawa amanye amaholide kazwelonke abalulekile agujwa e-Switzerland: 1. Usuku Lukazwelonke lwase-Swiss: Lugujwa ngo-Agasti 1st, lolu suku luphawula ukusungulwa kwe-Switzerland ngo-1291. Imikhosi ihlanganisa ama-parade, iziqhumane, imililo, nemicimbi yamasiko ezweni lonke. 2. I-Easter: Njengesizwe esigcwele amaKristu, iSwitzerland igubha iPhasika ngemikhosi yezenkolo namasiko njengokuya ezinkonzweni zesonto nokuhlela ukuzingela kwamaqanda e-Easter kwezingane. 3. UKhisimusi: UKhisimusi ugujwa kabanzi e-Switzerland ngemihlobiso, izimakethe zemikhosi ezaziwa ngokuthi "Weihnachtsmärkte," imisebenzi yokuphana izipho, nemibuthano yomndeni. Amadolobha amaningi aphinde amise izibani ezinhle zikaKhisimusi ezihlobisa izakhiwo nemigwaqo. 4. Usuku LukaNcibijane: Ngokufanayo nakwamanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele, uJanuwari 1 ugujwa njengoSuku LukaNcibijane eSwitzerland ngamaphathi, kuboniswa iziqhumane phakathi kwamabili noma usuku lonke. 5. Usuku Lwabasebenzi: Ngomhla lu-1 kuNhlaba minyaka yonke, abasebenzi baseSwitzerland bayahlangana ukuze bahloniphe uSuku Lwabasebenzi Lwamazwe Ngamazwe ngokuhlela imibhikisho noma ngokubamba iqhaza emibuthanweni yokumela izimo ezingcono zabasebenzi. 6. I-Berchtoldstag (Usuku Luka-St. Berchtold): Lugujwa ngo-January 2nd unyaka ngamunye kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, iholidi lomphakathi ikakhulukazi eligujwa ezigodini ezimbalwa njenge-Bern lapho abantu bendawo benza imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa efana nokuhamba ebusika noma ukuhambela amakhonsathi omculo wesintu. . 7.Fête de l'Escalade (I-Escalade): Igujwa ngo-December 11 njalo ngonyaka e-Geneva; lomkhosi ukhumbula ukuhlasela okungaphumelelanga kukaCharles Emmanuel I waseSavoy ezindongeni zedolobha laseGeneva ngesikhathi sasebusuku emuva ngo-1602 ngemifanekiso ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa abantu ababevunule njengamasosha kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Le migubho iletha injabulo nobumbano phakathi kwezakhamizi zaseSwitzerland ngenkathi zikhombisa amasiko azo anothile ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zaseSwitzerland.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
ISwitzerland, emaphakathi neYurophu, inomnotho othuthuke kakhulu futhi ochumayo. Izwe laziwa ngokugxila kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. I-Switzerland ayilona ilungu le-European Union kodwa ijabulela izivumelwano zohwebo ezikhethekile ne-EU eziqhuba imisebenzi yayo yebhizinisi. Abalingani abakhulu beSwitzerland abahwebayo yiJalimane, i-United States, iFrance, i-Italy, ne-United Kingdom. Imikhiqizo yemishini ne-elekthronikhi iphakathi kwezinto eziphezulu ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezivela e-Switzerland, okuhlanganisa amawashi namathuluzi anembayo. Eminye imikhakha egqamile ihlanganisa owemithi, amakhemikhali, izindwangu, kanye nezinsizakalo zezezimali. Njengomholi womhlaba wonke embonini yokwenza amawashi, amawashi aseSwitzerland athole ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke ngobungcweti bawo bekhwalithi ephezulu. Imboni yokubuka inegalelo elikhulu ekuthengisweni kwe-Switzerland kukonke. ISwitzerland yaziwa nangokuthi isizinda sezimali esibalulekile esihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene zamabhange nezokuphatha ingcebo kubantu nezinkampani emhlabeni jikelele. Ukwengeza, inemboni eqinile yemithi enezinkampani ezimbalwa ezihamba phambili ezifana neNovartis neRoche ekomkhulu lezwe. Nakuba iSwitzerland inenani elikhulu lezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngenxa yezimboni zayo ezikhethekile ezishiwo ngenhla; futhi ithembele kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe kwezimpahla ezithile njengezingxenye zemishini noma izinto ezingavuthiwe ezidingekayo ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza. Ngenxa yalokho, igcina izivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala namazwe amaningi ukuze kuqinisekiswe amaketanga okuhlinzeka angaphazamiseki. Ukuzinikela kwezwe ekugcineni ukungathathi hlangothi kwezombusazwe kusiza ekusekeleni ubudlelwano obuzinzile bezomnotho emhlabeni jikelele. Idumela le-Switzerland lemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ehlanganiswe nendawo yayo enenzuzo ezimpambanweni zemigwaqo yase-Europe kuyenza ibe indawo ekhangayo yawo womabili amabhizinisi asekhaya nawangaphandle abheke ukuhwebelana namanye amazwe.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
ISwitzerland, izwe elivalekile enkabeni yeYurophu, inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe zohwebo lwangaphandle. Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo kanye nenani labantu, inomnotho othuthuke kakhulu kanye nedumela lekhwalithi nokunemba. Enye yamandla abalulekile eSwitzerland asendaweni yayo enenzuzo enkabeni yeYurophu. Yabelana ngemingcele neJalimane, iFrance, i-Italy, i-Austria, ne-Liechtenstein, okuyenza ibe isango elifanelekile lalezi zimakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingqalasizinda yayo esezingeni lomhlaba okuhlanganisa nezinhlelo zokuthutha iqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo namazwe angomakhelwane. ISwitzerland yaziwa emhlabeni wonke njengesizinda samandla ezimbonini ezimbalwa ezifana nemithi, amawashi, imishini, ezezimali, namakhemikhali. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe eSwitzerland ifana nobunjiniyela obunembayo kanye namazinga ekhwalithi angenasici. Lesi sithunzi siheha abathengi abavela emhlabeni wonke abafuna ukwethembeka nokusebenza kahle. Ngakho-ke, Izinkampani zaseSwitzerland zingasebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ukuze zandise ubukhona bazo ezimakethe zangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-Switzerland iyazuza endaweni yezombusazwe ezinzile ekhuthaza izinqubomgomo ezilungele amabhizinisi okuhloswe ngazo ukukhuthaza ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Izwe selisayine izivumelwano eziningi zokuhwebelana kwamahhala (ama-FTA) namazwe ahlukene okuhlanganisa i-China ne-Japan okuqhubeka nokuvula amathuba okuhwebelana kwemingcele. Uhulumeni waseSwitzerland futhi weseka osomabhizinisi ngokunikeza ukufinyelela ezinsizeni ezifana nezikhungo zocwaningo kanye nezinhlelo zemfundo ezinhle kakhulu ezisiza imisebenzi yokuhweba eqhutshwa ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukungathathi hlangothi kwezwe osekunesikhathi eside kukhona kusebenza njengenzuzo lapho lizibeka njengomxazululi wezobunxusa noma indawo engathathi hlangothi yezingxoxo phakathi kwamazwe ahilelekile ezingxabanweni noma ezingxabanweni. Okokugcina, I-Switzerland inezimpahla ezibalulekile ezingaphatheki njengemithetho eqinile yokuvikela impahla yengqondo ekhuthaza amabhizinisi aqhutshwa ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Umkhakha wayo wezezimali udume umhlaba wonke ngenxa yokuzinza kwamabhange aseSwitzerland aheha abatshalizimali abafuna amathuba avikelekile okutshala imali ezimakethe zangaphandle. Ekuphetheni: Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane, Indawo yesu yaseSwitzerland futhi idumela lemikhiqizo yekhwalithi hlinzeka ngamathuba amaningi ezinkampanini ezifuna ukwandisa ukufinyelela kwazo emakethe yomhlaba. Ukuzinza kwezepolitiki kwezwe, indawo yebhizinisi esekelayo, kanye nokuvikelwa kwempahla yengqondo engavamile kuqhubekisela phambili ukukhanga kwayo. Kusukela manje, I-Switzerland inamandla amakhulu angasetshenzisiwe okuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yohwebo lwangaphandle.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
ISwitzerland, esenkabeni yeYurophu, yaziwa ngemikhiqizo yayo yekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nobuciko obukhethekile. Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo edayiswayo yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe. Okokuqala, iSwitzerland idume ngamawashi ayo kanokusho nezinsimbi ezinembayo. Lezi zinto zinesidingo esinamandla emakethe yomhlaba wonke ngenxa yedumela lazo lokuvelela. Ukubambisana nabenzi bamawashi abadumile baseSwitzerland nabakhiqizi bezinsimbi kunganikeza amabhizinisi umkhawulo wokuncintisana. Okwesibili, ushokoledi waseSwitzerland noshizi nakho kufunwa kakhulu yimikhiqizo emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. I-flavour ecebile nekhwalithi ephezulu ibenza babe ukukhetha okudumile phakathi kwabathengi emhlabeni jikelele. Ukusebenzisana nezinkampani zamaconfectionery zaseSwitzerland ezizinze kahle noma abakhiqizi bakashizi kungaba imisebenzi enenzuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni yezemithi yaseSwitzerland iyachuma ngenxa yokuzibophezela ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha kanye namazinga aphezulu okukhiqiza. Ukukhetha imikhiqizo ehlobene nezempilo njengamavithamini, izithasiselo, noma okokusebenza kwezokwelapha ezinkampanini ezikhiqiza imithi ehlonishwayo kungaba yisinqumo esihle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusimama sekuyinto ebalulekile ezimakethe zomhlaba. Ukugcizelela kwe-Switzerland ezenzweni ezilungele imvelo kunomthelela omkhulu ekuthandeni kwabo njengozakwethu bokuhweba. Imikhiqizo ekhuthaza ukusimama njengokudla kwemvelo noma izixazululo zamandla avuselelekayo zingangena kulo mkhuba okhulayo. Okokugcina kodwa okungabalulekile umkhakha wamabhange waseSwitzerland oheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe abafuna ukuzinza nobumfihlo lapho betshala izimpahla phesheya kwezilwandle. Sekukonke, ukukhetha izinto ezidayiswa kakhulu zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe neSwitzerland kufanele kugxile kumawashi adumile namathuluzi anembayo; ushokoledi / ushizi we-premium; imithi ehlobene nezempilo; imikhiqizo eqhubekayo; kanye nezinsizakalo ezihlobene nokwesekwa komkhakha wamabhange kubatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe. Kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu acwaninge kahle abahlinzeki abangaba abahlinzeki noma ozakwethu ngaphambi kokuphothula noma yiziphi izivumelwano zohwebo. Ukuqonda okuthandwa ngabathengi basendaweni kanye nokuthobelana nezidingo zomthetho eziphathelene nemithetho yokungenisa/ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe nakho kuzofaka isandla ekukhetheni umkhiqizo ngempumelelo emakethe yokuncintisana yaseSwitzerland.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
Izwe laseSwitzerland laziwa ngemikhiqizo yalo yekhwalithi ephezulu, ukugcina isikhathi, nokunaka imininingwane. Amakhasimende aseSwitzerland agcizelela kakhulu ukunemba futhi alindele ukuthi imikhiqizo namasevisi abe sezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Amakhasimende aseSwitzerland ajwayele ukungagodli futhi ayazisa ubumfihlo bawo. Bayakwazisa ukukhulumisana okucacile nokufushane ngaphandle kwenkulumo encane ngokweqile noma imibuzo yomuntu siqu. Kubalulekile ukuhlonipha indawo yabo siqu futhi ugweme ukuphusha kakhulu noma ukuhlasela. Lapho wenza ibhizinisi namakhasimende aseSwitzerland, kubalulekile ukugcina isikhathi njengoba ekwazisa ukuphathwa kwesikhathi. Ukufika sekwephuzile emihlanganweni noma ukulethwa kungabonakala njengokungahloniphi noma okungenamsebenzi. Ukwengeza, amakhasimende aseSwitzerland ayakwazisa ukuhlela okuphelele nokuthembeka kuzo zonke izici zebhizinisi. Esinye isici okungafanele sishaywe indiva ukubaluleka kwekhwalithi. Amaklayenti aseSwitzerland aziwa ngokunaka imininingwane ngokucophelela futhi alindele lutho olungaphansi kwemikhiqizo noma amasevisi asezingeni eliphezulu. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi okunikezayo kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zabo eziphakeme ngaphambi kokungena kunoma yiziphi izivumelwano zebhizinisi. ISwitzerland inezilimi ezine ezisemthethweni - isiJalimane, isiFulentshi, isiNtaliyane, nesiRomansh - kuye ngesifunda. Lapho uxhumana namaklayenti avela ezifundeni ezahlukene ngaphakathi kwe-Switzerland, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yiluphi ulimi akhetha ukulusebenzisa ekusebenzelaneni kwebhizinisi. Okokugcina, ngeke kulunge ukuxoxa ngepolitiki noma ukugxeka izikhungo zezwe lapho usebenzelana namakhasimende aseSwitzerland. ISwitzerland inesimiso sezombangazwe esiyingqayizivele esazisa ukungathathi hlangothi; ngakho-ke ukuxoxa ngezihloko eziyimpikiswano kungase kudale indawo engakhululekile phakathi nokusebenzelana kwebhizinisi. Sengiphetha, ngenkathi wenza ibhizinisi eSwitzerland kubalulekile ukukhumbula: beka phambili ikhwalithi phezu kobuningi lapho unikeza imikhiqizo/izinsizakalo; ukuxhumana ngokucacile ngaphandle kokugxambukela ngokweqile; bambelela ngokuqinile ekugcineni isikhathi; nquma ulimi olukhethwayo olusekelwe esifundeni; gwema ukuxoxa ngepolitiki ukuze ulondoloze ubungcweti ngesikhathi sokuxhumana namakhasimende aseSwitzerland.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
ISwitzerland yaziwa ngamasiko ayo aqinile kanye nemithethonqubo yokuthuthela kwelinye izwe. Izwe linohlelo olusungulwe kahle lokulawulwa kwempahla ephumayo ukuze kuqashwe ukufika nokuhamba kwezimpahla nezivakashi. Lapho bengena eSwitzerland, bonke abahambi, kuhlanganise nezakhamuzi zaseSwitzerland, kudingeka badlule ekulawuleni amaphasipoti emngceleni. Izakhamizi ezingezona eze-EU kufanele zilethe ipasipoti esemthethweni esebenza okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha ngemuva kokuhlala kwazo okuhlosiwe, kanye nanoma imaphi ama-visa adingekayo. Izakhamizi ze-EU zidinga kuphela umazisi wezwe ovumelekile. Mayelana nezimpahla, iSwitzerland ibeka imingcele ehlukahlukene ekungethweni kwezinto ezithile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izidakamizwa, izikhali, iziqhumane, izimpahla zomgunyathi, nezilwane ezisengozini noma izinhlobo zezitshalo ezivikelwe yi-CITES (I-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species). Kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza le mikhawulo ngaphambi kokuhamba ukuze ugweme noma yiziphi izinkinga zezomthetho. Imikhawulo yezibonelelo zamahhala iyasebenza nalapho uletha izimpahla eSwitzerland. Ngokwesibonelo: - Kungafika ilitha elilodwa lotshwala obungaphezu kuka-15% noma kufika kumalitha ama-2 otshwala obungeqile ku-15% bungangeniswa ngaphandle kokukhokhiswa intela. - Ofika ku-250 kagwayi noma amagremu angu-250 kagwayi angangeniswa ngaphandle kokukhokhiswa. - Imikhiqizo ethile yokudla efana nenyama nobisi inemithetho ethile mayelana nokungeniswa kwayo kwamanye amazwe. Kubalulekile ukuthi abavakashi abavakashela e-Switzerland bangeqi le mikhawulo njengoba kungase kubekwe izinhlawulo ezinkulu ngokungathobeli. Ukwengeza, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iSwitzerland isebenzisa izilawuli eziqinile ekuthuthweni kwemali okuwela imingcele. Ukuphatha imali eningi noma izinto ezibalulekile kungase kudinge isimemezelo lapho ungena noma uphuma ezweni. Sekukonke, lapho uvakashela eSwitzerland kubalulekile ukuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho yemithetho yentela futhi uhloniphe imithetho yendawo. Ukubonisana nemithombo esemthethweni efana newebhusayithi ye-Swiss Customs Administration ngaphambi kohambo lwakho kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi unolwazi olunembile mayelana nokuthi yini ongayiletha ezweni ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezindaweni zokuwela umngcele.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-Switzerland yaziwa ngezinqubomgomo zayo zentela yokungenisa, ezikhuthaza uhwebo futhi zikhuthaze ukukhula komnotho. Leli zwe elivalekile enkabeni ye-Europe lamukela intela ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa nempahla engenisiwe. Ngokuvamile, i-Switzerland isebenzisa intela ye-value-added (VAT) emikhiqizweni eminingi engenisiwe. Izinga le-VAT elijwayelekile lingu-7.7%, ngaphandle kokunye okuhlukile ezintweni ezithile ezifana nokudla, izincwadi, nemithi ejabulela izinga le-VAT elehlisiwe lika-2.5%. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimpahla ezinjengegolide azikhokhiswa i-VAT ngokuphelele. Ngaphandle kwe-VAT, iSwitzerland iphinde ikhokhise intela yezimpahla ezithengiswayo kwamanye amazwe. Izimpahla ezithengiswayo zikhokhiswa ngokusekelwe kumakhodi e-Harmonized System (HS) ahlukanisa imikhiqizo ehlukene. Amanani ayahluka kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo futhi angasukela kuqanda ukuya kumaphesenti ambalwa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iSwitzerland ingene ezivumelwaneni ezimbalwa zohwebo lwamahhala namazwe ahlukahlukene nezifunda ukuze kube lula ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Lezi zivumelwano zihlose ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa intela yentela ekhokhwayo yezigaba ezithile zemikhiqizo evela kulawo mazwe noma izifunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSwitzerland igcina isivumelwano sokusebenzisana kwezomnotho ne-European Union (EU). Njengengxenye yalesi sivumelwano, izinkampani zaseSwitzerland zikwazi ukufinyelela ezimakethe ze-EU ngaphandle kokubhekana nezintela lapho zithumela impahla yazo emazweni angamalungu e-EU. Sekukonke, izinqubomgomo zentela yokungenisa eSwitzerland zikhuthaza isimo sebhizinisi elivulekile futhi zisekela ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana namazwe ngamazwe ngokugcina izintela ziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nangezivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala. Lezi zinhlelo zifaka isandla kakhulu ekwenzeni iSwitzerland indawo ekhangayo yokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe kanye nezohwebo.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
I-Switzerland, izwe elaziwa ngokunemba kanye nemikhiqizo yekhwalithi, inomkhakha osungulwe kahle wokuthekelisa. Ngokwezinqubomgomo zentela yezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, iSwitzerland ilandela indlela ekhululekile uma kuqhathaniswa. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iSwitzerland ayilona ilungu le-European Union (EU) kodwa igcina izivumelwano zamazwe amabili ne-EU. Lezi zivumelwano zenze ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana bushelelezi phakathi kweSwitzerland namazwe angamalungu e-EU. I-Switzerland ngokuvamile ayikhokhisi intela emikhiqizweni eminingi ethunyelwa ngaphandle isuka ezweni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinkampani ezithengisa izimpahla ezenziwe eSwitzerland phesheya akumele zikhathazeke ngezintela ezengeziwe ezinomthelela ekuqhudelaneni kwazo ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Nokho, kukhona okuhlukile kulo mthetho. Eminye imikhiqizo yezolimo nempahla evela emazweni angewona awe-EU ingaba ngaphansi kwentela yempahla uma ithunyelwa isuka e-Switzerland. Le misebenzi ibekwe ngokuyinhloko ukuvikela abalimi basekhaya nezimboni ekuqhudelaneni noma ukugcina uzinzo ezimakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi intela ye-value-added (VAT) idlala indima ebalulekile kuzinqubomgomo zentela zaseSwitzerland. Lapho zithekelisa izimpahla, izinkampani zingase zifanelekele ukubuyiselwa kwe-VAT noma i-VAT enesilinganiso esingu-zero ekuthumeleni kwazo. Lokhu kusiza ukwehlisa umthwalo wentela uwonke emabhizinisini ahwebelana namazwe ngamazwe. Ukuze kube lula ukuhwebelana, iSwitzerland yenze izivumelwano zokuhwebelana mahhala namazwe amaningana emhlabeni jikelele. Lezi zivumelwano zihlose ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa imigoqo yohwebo efana nentela kanye nezabelo phakathi kwamazwe abamba iqhaza. Sengiphetha, i-Switzerland idale indawo elungele ukuthekelisa ngentela ephansi noma engekho ezimpahleni eziningi ezithunyelwa zisuka ezweni. Nakuba kukhona okuhlukile okukhona emikhiqizweni yezolimo nasezimpahleni ezingezona eze-EU, izinqubomgomo zentela zizonke zihlose ukukhuthaza uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokunciphisa imigoqo kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezifana nokubuyiselwa kwe-VAT kwabathumela ngaphandle.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
ISwitzerland yaziwa kabanzi ngenxa yokuthunyelwa kwayo ngaphandle kwekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokubambelela kwayo ngokuqinile ezindinganisweni zamazwe ngamazwe. Izwe selisungule uhlelo oluphelele lokunikeza izitifiketi zokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imikhiqizo yalo ihlangabezana nezidingo zamazwe angenisayo. Iziphathimandla eziyinhloko ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokunikeza isitifiketi sokuthekelisa e-Switzerland i-State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), esebenza ngaphansi koMnyango Wezindaba Zomnotho, Ezemfundo Nocwaningo Lwe-Swiss Federal. I-SECO isebenza eduze nezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zezobuchwepheshe kanye nezigungu ezilawulayo ukuze kuphoqelelwe imithethonqubo yokuthumela ngaphandle. Ukuthola isitifiketi sokuthekelisa, izinkampani zaseSwitzerland kufanele zihambisane nemibandela ethile ehlobene nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukuphepha, kanye nokulebula. Le mibandela inqunywa kokubili imithetho yaseSwitzerland namazinga omhlaba wonke abekwe izinhlangano ezifana ne-ISO (International Organization for Standardization) noma i-IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission). Abathumeli bangaphandle kufanele futhi bahlangabezane nezidingo zemibhalo ehlukahlukene lapho befaka isicelo sesitifiketi. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nomkhiqizo, okuhlanganisa ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, izithako ezisetshenzisiwe, nanoma yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene nawo. Ukwengeza, iSwitzerland yaziwa ngokuzibophezela kwayo ekusimameni nasekuvikeleni imvelo. Ngakho-ke, abanye abathumeli bangase badinge ukunikeza izitifiketi ezengeziwe ezifakazela ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo ihambisana nemithetho yemvelo noma ikhiqizwe kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezizinzile. Uma wonke amadokhumenti adingekayo esethunyelwe futhi abuyekezwa iziphathimandla ezifanele, isitifiketi esisemthethweni sokuthumela ngaphandle sizokhishwa uma zonke izidingo zihlangatshezwana nazo. Lesi sitifiketi sisebenza njengobufakazi bokuthi izimpahla ezithunyelwe zihlolisiswe futhi zavunyelwa ngokusekelwe kumazinga athile ekhwalithi. Sengiphetha, uhlelo lwaseSwitzerland lokuqinisekisa ukuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe luqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yayo ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe kuyilapho ikhuthaza ukubeka izinto obala nokuziphendulela ebudlelwaneni bezohwebo. Lokhu kuzibophezela kwikhwalithi kuvumela abathumeli bangaphandle baseSwitzerland ukuthi balondoloze ubudlelwano obuqinile nabalingani babo bomhlaba wonke kuyilapho beqinisekisa ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende emhlabeni wonke.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Switzerland, eyaziwa ngohlelo lwayo lwezokuthutha olusebenzayo noluthembekile, iyizwe elikahle lezinsizakalo zezokuthutha. Indawo emaphakathi yezwe eYurophu iyenza isizinda sohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe nezokuthutha. Inethiwekhi yezokuthutha yaseSwitzerland iqukethe imigwaqo emikhulu, izitimela, izikhumulo zezindiza, nemigwaqo yamanzi enakekelwa kahle. Ingqalasizinda yomgwaqo inkulu, inomthamo omkhulu wemigwaqo exhuma amadolobha amakhulu nezifunda. Lolu xhaxha lwemigwaqo olubanzi luvumela ukuhanjiswa kwezimpahla ngokushesha nokukahle ezweni lonke. Umzila wesitimela waseSwitzerland udume emhlabeni wonke ngokusebenza kahle kwawo. I-Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) isebenzisa inethiwekhi ebanzi ezweni lonke, ixhuma amadolobha amakhulu nezindawo zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe. Izinsizakalo zokuthutha ngesitimela zithembeke kakhulu futhi zinikeza izixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu zokuthutha izimpahla kulo lonke elaseSwitzerland. Ngaphandle kwemigwaqo nezitimela, iSwitzerland inezikhumulo zezindiza eziningana ezihlome kahle ezisingatha inqwaba yezimoto zezindiza. I-Zurich Airport iyisikhumulo sezindiza esikhulu kunazo zonke eSwitzerland futhi sisebenza njengendawo enkulu yezimpahla eYurophu. Inikeza ukuxhumana okuqondile komoya ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke, okuyenza ibe inketho ekhangayo yokuthunyelwa okuzwela isikhathi noma okude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSwitzerland inoxhaxha olubanzi lwemigudu yamanzi okugitshekelwa kuyo eyenza kube lula ukuthunyelwa ngemikhumbi yemikhumbi ephakathi nezwe. I-Rhine River idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthweni kwezimpahla emazweni angomakhelwane njengeJalimane, iFrance, iNetherlands njll. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokuhleleka okwengeziwe, iSwitzerland itshale imali eningi ezinhlelweni zobuchwepheshe ezithuthukile njengezindawo zokulandela umkhondo ezihlinzeka ngolwazi lwesikhathi sangempela mayelana nokuhamba kwezimpahla ngaphakathi kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukungafihli futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle emisebenzini yezokuthutha. Uhulumeni waseSwitzerland ukhuthaza ngenkuthalo izinqubo zokuthutha ezisimeme njengokuthutha impahla ngojantshi ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuhlobene nokusebenza kwempahla. Ngakho-ke izinhlelo ezilungele imvelo njengezokuthutha ngojantshi zihlomulisa amabhizinisi abheke ukuvumelanisa imisebenzi yawo yokuhlinzeka ngempahla nezindinganiso zokusimama komhlaba. Indawo ekahle yaseSwitzerland kanye nengqalasizinda yayo yezokuthutha exhumeke kahle iyenza ibe yisinqumo esihle uma kucutshungulwa izinsiza zezokuthutha e-Europe.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

ISwitzerland yaziwa ngobukhona bayo obuqinile emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe njengendawo yezimboni ezihlukahlukene. Izwe linamandla amakhulu okuthenga futhi lisingatha abathengi abambalwa ababalulekile bamazwe ngamazwe, iziteshi zokuthuthukisa, nemibukiso. Enye yeziteshi ezibalulekile zomhlaba wonke zokuthenga eSwitzerland yiNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba (WTO). I-WTO ichaza imithetho elawula ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke phakathi kwamazwe, futhi iSwitzerland idlala indima ebonakalayo njengelungu lezwe. Ngokubamba iqhaza kwayo ku-WTO, iSwitzerland inokufinyelela kunethiwekhi ebanzi yamazwe angamalungu angasebenza njengabathengi noma abahlinzeki bempahla. Enye indlela ebalulekile yokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe yi-European Free Trade Association (EFTA). I-EFTA iqukethe amazwe amane angamalungu, okuhlanganisa neSwitzerland. Isiza ukuhwebelana kwamahhala phakathi kwamalungu ayo futhi inikeze ukufinyelela ezimakethe kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe bangasebenzisa le nkundla ukuze basungule ukuxhumana nezinkampani zaseSwitzerland ngezinjongo zokuthenga. ISwitzerland iphinde isingathe imibukiso eminingana ebalulekile eheha abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abavela ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Omunye umcimbi onjalo yi-Baselworld, ekhombisa amawashi kanokusho nobucwebe. Lo mbukiso owaziwayo unikeza ithuba abakhi bamawashi, abahlobi bobucwebe, namanye amabhizinisi ahlobene ukuze bethule imikhiqizo yabo kubabukeli bomhlaba wonke abangaba abathengi. Ngaphandle kwe-Baselworld, i-Geneva International Motor Show ingomunye umbukiso ophawulekayo oba minyaka yonke eSwitzerland. Ihlanganisa ndawonye abakhiqizi bezimoto abahamba phambili abavela emhlabeni wonke abasebenzisa le nkundla ukwethula amamodeli amasha futhi bahlanganyele namakhasimende angaba khona noma ozakwethu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Zurich isingatha imicimbi efana ne-Zurich Game Show egxile embonini yemidlalo nobuchwepheshe eheha abakhangisi ababonisa ngemikhiqizo yabo yakamuva futhi enikeza amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi ngokusebenzisana nabangase babe ngabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abazobe behambele lo mbukiso. Ngaphandle kwale mibukiso ethile eqondise izimboni ezithile, kukhona futhi imibukiso yezohwebo evamile ebanjwa kulo lonke elase-Switzerland ekhuthaza ukuxhumana kwesifunda noma komhlaba wonke phakathi kwabahlinzeki nabathengi kuyo yonke imikhakha eminingi njengombukiso we-ITB obonisa imikhiqizo namasevisi ahlobene nokuhamba noma i-Swiss Plastics Expo eqondise ochwepheshe bemboni yepulasitiki. . Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano ezifana ne-Swisstech Association noma i-Swiss Global Enterprise zihlela izinkomfa/imihlangano yokufundisana eminingi unyaka wonke ezihlose ukuthuthukisa amathuba okuxhumana phakathi kwabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe nezinkampani zaseSwitzerland. Idumela eliqinile laseSwitzerland lekhwalithi, ukunemba, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, nokuthembeka kuyenza ibe indawo ekhangayo kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Ingqalasizinda yezwe esezinze kahle, uzinzo kwezombangazwe, kanye nabasebenzi abanamakhono kunomthelela esimeni sayo sokuba ngumlingani othembekile kwezohwebo emhlabeni jikelele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokubamba iqhaza ezinhlanganweni zomhlaba wonke ezifana ne-WTO noma i-EFTA noma ngokuhambela imibukiso ehlonishwayo njenge-Baselworld noma i-Geneva International Motor Show, iSwitzerland inikeza izindlela eziningi zokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ezingaholela emathubeni ebhizinisi athela izithelo.
E-Switzerland, ezinye zezinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa yilezi: 1. I-Google - Injini yokusesha edume kakhulu nesetshenziswa kabanzi e-Switzerland i-Google. Ihlinzeka ngemiphumela yosesho ebanzi kanye nohlu lwezinsizakalo ezifana ne-Google Amamephu, i-Gmail, i-Google Drayivu, njll. Iwebhusayithi: www.google.ch 2. I-Bing - Enye injini yokusesha esetshenziswa kakhulu eSwitzerland yi-Bing. Inikeza imiphumela yosesho lwewebhu kanye nezici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nosesho lwezithombe nevidiyo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezindaba, nokuhlanganiswa kwamamephu. Iwebhusayithi: www.bing.com 3. I-Yahoo - Nakuba ingadumile njenge-Google noma i-Bing e-Switzerland, i-Yahoo isasebenza njengenjini yokusesha ebalulekile kubasebenzisi abaningi. Ihlinzeka ngemiphumela yosesho lwewebhu kanye nezindatshana zezindaba, izinsiza ze-imeyili (Yahoo Mail), nokunye. Iwebhusayithi: www.yahoo.com 4. I-DuckDuckGo - Injini yokusesha egxile ekuyimfihlo eseye yaduma emhlabeni wonke iyatholakala nase-Switzerland. I-DuckDuckGo ibeka phambili ubumfihlo babasebenzisi ngokungalandeleli ukusesha kwabo noma ukubonisa izikhangiso eziqondene nawe kuyilapho iletha imiphumela yewebhu efanele ngokungaziwa. 5. I-Ecosia - I-Ecosia iyindlela evumelana nemvelo ezinjinini zokusesha ezejwayelekile njengoba isebenzisa inzuzo yayo ukutshala izihlahla emhlabeni wonke ngokusebenzisana nezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zokutshala izihlahla. 6. I-Swisscows - Injini yokusesha egxile kubumfihlo e-Switzerland engaqoqi idatha yomuntu siqu kubasebenzisi bayo ngenkathi ihlinzeka ngosesho lwewebhu lwendawo. Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa zezinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa eSwitzerland; kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abantu abaningi basasebenzisa izinketho ezijwayelekile zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-Google noma i-Bing ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okubanzi nokufinyelela okubanzi ku-inthanethi yonkana.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

E-Switzerland, izinkomba eziyinhloko zamakhasi aphuzi yilezi: 1. I-Local.ch - Lona uhla lwemibhalo oluhamba phambili lwe-inthanethi e-Switzerland oluhlinzeka ngolwazi ngamabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye ezweni lonke. Iphinde inikeze amamephu, amakheli, izinombolo zocingo, nezibuyekezo zekhasimende. (Iwebhusayithi: www.local.ch) 2. I-Swiss Guide - I-Swiss Guide iyinkomba ye-inthanethi eklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izivakashi ezivakashela eSwitzerland. Inikeza ulwazi ngamahhotela, izindawo zokudlela, izitolo, izindawo ezikhangayo, kanye nemicimbi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zaseSwitzerland. (Iwebhusayithi: www.swissguide.ch) 3. I-Yellowmap - I-Yellowmap iyinkomba yebhizinisi eku-inthanethi ehlanganisa wonke amadolobha amakhulu e-Switzerland. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe amabhizinisi endawo ngezigaba noma ngendawo futhi inikeza imininingwane yokuxhumana efana namakheli nezinombolo zocingo.(Iwebhusayithi: www.yellowmap.ch) 4. I-Compages - I-Compages iyincwadi yocingo yase-Switzerland ehlanganisa izindawo zokuhlala kanye nezamabhizinisi ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zezwe.(Iwebhusayithi: www.compages.ch) Lezi zinkomba zinikeza ulwazi olubanzi mayelana namabhizinisi namasevisi atholakala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zeSwitzerland. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna indawo yokudlela e-Zurich noma ihhotela e-Geneva, lawa mawebhusayithi angakusiza ekutholeni okudingayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amadolobha ngamanye noma izifunda ngaphakathi kwe-Switzerland zingaba nemibhalo yazo ethile yekhasi eliphuzi ebhekelela amabhizinisi endawo kuphela.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

Kunamapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce eSwitzerland, abhekelela izidingo ezahlukahlukene zabantu. Ngezansi uhlu lwabathile abavelele kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi yabo: 1. I-Digitec Galaxus: Njengomdayisi omkhulu we-inthanethi wase-Switzerland, inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ehlanganisa izinto zikagesi, amakhompyutha, izinto zasendlini, izinto zemfashini, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi: www.digitec.ch/www.galaxus.ch 2. I-Zalando: Isebenza ngokukhethekile emikhiqizweni yemfashini nendlela yokuphila yabesifazane, amadoda, nezingane, i-Zalando ihlinzeka ngokukhethwa okubanzi kwezingubo, izicathulo, izinsimbi ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Iwebhusayithi: www.zalando.ch 3. LeShop.ch/Coop@home: Le nkundla ilungele ukuthenga igilosa ku-inthanethi njengoba ivumela amakhasimende ukuthi a-ode ukudla kanye nezinto zasendlini ezitolo ezinkulu zase-Coop azilethe khona kanye emnyango wawo. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.coopathome.ch 4. i-microspot.ch: I-Microspot inikeza izinto zikagesi ezithengwayo ezihlukahlukene njengama-smartphone, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, ama-TV kanye nezinto zikagesi zasendlini namanye amagajethi obuchwepheshe ngamanani ancintisanayo. Iwebhusayithi http://www.microspot.ch 5. I-Interdiscount/Melectronics/Metro Boutique/Do it + Garden Migros/Migrolino/Warehouse Micasa/njll.: Lawa amagatsha ahlukene ngaphansi kwe-Migros Group ahlinzeka ngezigaba ezithile ezifana ne-electronics (Interdiscount & Melectronics), imfashini (Metro Boutique), ukuthuthukiswa kwekhaya (Yenza + I-Garden Migros), izitolo ezilula (i-Migrolino), ifenisha/izimpahla zasendlini (I-Warehouse Micasa). Amawebhusayithi ayahluka kodwa angatholakala kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Migros Group. 6. I-Brack Electronics AG (pcdigatih) okungukuthi, i-BRACK.CH Le nkundla igxile ekuthengiseni izinto zikagesi ezihlanganisa amakhompyutha nama-peripherals kumakhonsoli amageyimu ngamanani aqhudelanayo kuyilapho futhi ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zosekelo lobuchwepheshe. Iwebhusayithi http://www.brack.ch/ 7.Toppreise-ch.TOPPREISE-CH iqhathanisa izintengo kuwo wonke amawebhusayithi ahlukene okuvumela amakhasimende ukuthi athole amadili angcono kakhulu ngezinto zikagesi, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, neminye imikhiqizo. Ngokunikeza ulwazi ngezilinganiso zomkhiqizo, kusiza abasebenzisi ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.toppreise.ch 8. I-Siroop: Le ndawo yemakethe inikezela ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa izinto zikagesi, izinto zemfashini, imikhiqizo yasekhaya nephilayo. Ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene inkundla iphinde igxile ezitolo zasendaweni zaseSwitzerland ukuze kuthuthukiswe ibhizinisi lasekhaya. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.siroop.ch Lawa amanye amapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce eSwitzerland ahlinzeka ngezidingo ezahlukahlukene zabathengi kanye nokuthandwayo.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

ISwitzerland inenqwaba yezinkundla zokuxhumana ezidume kakhulu phakathi kwabantu bayo. Nalu uhlu lwezinye zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezivelele eSwitzerland kanye nezixhumanisi zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. Facebook: https://www.facebook.com I-Facebook iyinkundla yezokuxhumana esetshenziswa kakhulu eSwitzerland, evumela abantu ukuthi baxhumane nabangane nomndeni, babelane ngokuthunyelwe, izithombe, namavidiyo. 2. Instagram: https://www.instagram.com I-Instagram iyinkundla yokwabelana ngezithombe namavidiyo ejabulela ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi baseSwitzerland ngokwabelana ngokuqukethwe okubukwayo. 3. I-LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com I-LinkedIn iyisizindalwazi sokuxhumana lapho abantu bengaxhumana khona nozakwabo, bakhe ubudlelwano bomsebenzi, futhi bafune amathuba emisebenzi. 4. Xing: https://www.xing.com I-Xing ingenye inkundla yokuxhumana yobungcweti edume eSwitzerland, ikakhulukazi phakathi kochwepheshe abakhuluma isiJalimane. 5. Twitter: https://twitter.com I-Twitter ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babelane ngemiyalezo emifushane noma "ama-tweets" angafaka umbhalo, izithombe, noma amavidiyo abasebenzisi baseSwitzerland abawasebenzisela ukuxhumana futhi bahlale benolwazi ngezihloko zamanje. 6. I-Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com I-Snapchat inikeza imiyalezo esheshayo yezithombe kanye nezici zokwabelana ngemidiya exubile ezijatshulelwa abasebenzisi abasebasha baseSwitzerland ukuze baxhumane ngokushesha. 7. TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/zu/ I-TikTok ibone ukukhula okukhulu eSwitzerland muva nje phakathi kwezibalo zabantu abasha njengoba ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe amavidiyo amafushane asethelwe kumculo noma iziqeshana zomsindo. 8. Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.ch/ I-Pinterest isebenza njengenkundla esekelwe ugqozi lapho abasebenzisi base-Swiss bethola khona imibono kuzo zonke izithakazelo ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezindlela zokupheka, izinhlelo zokuhlobisa ikhaya njll., ngokuqukethwe okubukwayo okwaziwa ngokuthi amaphini. 9.Media Centre (Schweizer Medienzentrum): http://medienportal.ch/ I-Media Center inikeza ukufinyelela okulula kokukhishwa kwabezindaba okuvela ezinkampanini nasezinhlanganweni zaseSwitzerland kanye nezithombe zemicimbi ehlukene eyenzeka ezweni lonke. Lezi ezinye zezibonelo zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezidumile eSwitzerland. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuduma kungase kuhluke phakathi kwamaqembu eminyaka ehlukene nezifunda ngaphakathi kwezwe.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

ISwitzerland inosiko oluqinile lokuhlangana futhi iyikhaya lezinhlangano ezimbalwa ezivelele zezimboni. Lezi zinhlangano zidlala indima ebalulekile ekumeleleni izimfuno zemikhakha eyahlukene, ukugqugquzela ukubambisana, ukubeka amazinga, kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho. Ngezansi ezinye zezinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni eSwitzerland kanye namawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Swissmem - Inhlangano Yezimboni ze-MEM (Imishini, Ezogesi Nezinsimbi) Iwebhusayithi http://www.swissmem.ch/ 2. I-SwissHoldings - I-Swiss Business Federation Iwebhusayithi http://www.swissholdings.com/ 3. Swissbanking - Swiss Bankers Association Iwebhusayithi http://www.swissbanking.org/ 4. i-economiesuisse - Inhlangano Yebhizinisi LaseSwitzerland Iwebhusayithi https://www.economiesuisse.ch/en 5. I-Swico - Inhlangano yobuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye nezokuxhumana Iwebhusayithi https://www.swico.ch/home-en 6. PharmaSuisse - The Pharmaceutical Society of Switzerland Iwebhusayithi http://www.pharmasuisse.org/en/ 7. SVIT Schweiz – Inhlangano Yezindlu Yezindlu yaseSwitzerland Iwebhusayithi http://svit-schweiz.ch/english.html 8. I-Swissoil - I-Federation of Dealers in Petroleum Products Iwebhusayithi (isiJalimane): http://swissoil.ch/startseite.html 9. Iqembu le-Swatch – Inhlangano emele abakhiqizi bamawashi Amawebhusayithi emikhiqizo ngayinye ngaphakathi kweqembu: Iwebhusayithi ye-Omega Watches: http://omega-watches.com/ Iwebhusayithi ye-Tissot: http://tissotwatches.com/ Iwebhusayithi ye-Longines: http://longineswatches.com/ 10.Schweizerischer Gewerbeverband / Federatio des Artisans et Commercants Suisses -- Inhlangano embrella emele ama-SME (Amabhizinisi Amancane Naphakathi) Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zezinhlangano eziningi zezimboni ezifaka isandla kakhulu emnothweni waseSwitzerland. Sicela wazi ukuthi ezinye izinhlangano zingaba namawebhusayithi atholakala kuphela ngesiJalimane noma ngesiFulentshi.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

ISwitzerland, eyaziwa ngokuzinza kwezezimali kanye nemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu, inomnotho oqinile kanye nemboni yezohwebo ethuthukayo. Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi abalulekile ezomnotho nezohwebo eSwitzerland: 1. Ihhovisi le-Swiss Federal for Economic Affairs (SECO) Iwebhusayithi: https://www.seco.admin.ch/seco/en/home.html I-SECO inesibopho sokugqugquzela izimo ezivumayo zokukhula komnotho waseSwitzerland. Isizindalwazi sabo sinikeza ulwazi olubanzi ngezici ezihlukahlukene zomnotho waseSwitzerland, okuhlanganisa namathuba ebhizinisi, isimo sokutshalwa kwezimali, imibiko yocwaningo lwezimakethe, izibalo zezohwebo, kanye nemithethonqubo nemithetho. 2. I-Swiss International Trade Association (SwissCham) Iwebhusayithi http://www.swisscham.org/ I-SwissCham iyinhlangano yenethiwekhi yebhizinisi ehamba phambili emele izinkampani zaseSwitzerland ezisebenza emhlabeni jikelele. Iwebhusayithi yabo inikeza uhla lwemibhalo olubanzi lwezinkampani ezingamalungu ezihlukaniswe izimboni nezinsizakalo ezinikezwayo. Ukwengeza, ihlinzeka ngezibuyekezo zezindaba kumathrendi ebhizinisi lomhlaba wonke ahlobene neSwitzerland. 3. I-Switzerland Global Enterprise Iwebhusayithi https://www.s-ge.com/ I-Switzerland Global Enterprise (S-GE) isekela amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo (ama-SME) ekwandiseni imisebenzi yawo yebhizinisi lamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi yabo inikeza izinsiza ezibalulekile njengemihlahlandlela yokuthekelisa, ukuhlaziya izimakethe, ulwazi mayelana nemibukiso yezohwebo ezayo kanye nemicimbi engaphakathi kweSwitzerland nasemhlabeni jikelele. 4. Zurich Chamber of Commerce Iwebhusayithi https://zurich.chamber.swiss/ I-Zurich Chamber of Commerce ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa komnotho esifundeni saseZurich ngokuxhumanisa amabhizinisi kuleli nasemazweni angaphandle. Iwebhusayithi igqamisa izindatshana zezindaba zomnotho zesifunda kanye nolwazi olumayelana namaqoqo ezimboni zesifunda ezithuthukisa amathuba okubambisana. 5. I-Geneva Chamber of Commerce Iwebhusayithi: https://genreve.ch/?lang=en I-Geneva Chamber of Commerce idlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni amabhizinisi endawo ngezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwesifunda emhlabeni jikelele. Iwebhusayithi ikhombisa imikhakha ebalulekile eqhuba umnotho waseGeneva kanye namakhalenda emicimbi akhuthaza ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinkampani. 6.Swiss Business Hub China Iwebhusayithi https://www.s-ge.com/en/success-stories/swiss-business-hub-china I-Swiss Business Hub China isebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwezinkampani zaseSwitzerland nozakwabo baseShayina. Le webhusayithi isiza amafemu aseSwitzerland ukuthi asungule noma andise ubukhona bawo e-China ngenkathi ehlinzeka ngezindaba ezibalulekile, amathiphu, ubuhlakani bemakethe, kanye nemininingwane yendawo ngokwenza ibhizinisi e-China. Lawa mawebhusayithi ahlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile oluhlobene nohwebo, ukufinyelela kunkomba yebhizinisi, idatha yemakethe, nezinye izinsiza ezidingekayo ekukhuleni komnotho namathuba okuhweba e-Switzerland.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi amaningana anemibuzo yokuhweba atholakalayo eSwitzerland. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo kanye nama-URL azo ewebhusayithi afanele: 1. I-Swiss Federal Customs Administration (Eidgenössische Zollverwaltung) Iwebhusayithi: www.ezv.admin.ch 2. Isikhungo sase-Swiss for Competitiveness (eyayiyi-KOF Swiss Economic Institute) Iwebhusayithi: www.sccer.unisg.ch/en 3. Isizindalwazi seWorld Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) yiBhange Lomhlaba Iwebhusayithi: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/CHL/Year/LTST/TradeFlow/EXPIMP/Product/ 4. Isikhungo Sohwebo Samazwe Ngamazwe (ITC) - Imephu Yokufinyelela Emakethe Iwebhusayithi https://www.macmap.org/ 5. Ingqungquthela Yezizwe Ezihlangene Yezohwebo Nentuthuko (UNCTAD) Iwebhusayithi http://unctadstat.unctad.org/ Lawa mawebhusayithi ahlinzeka ngolwazi olubanzi ngezibalo zokuhweba zase-Switzerland, okuhlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, ukungenisa, ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla, amazwe ozakwethu, inani lezimpahla ezithengiswayo, nokuningi. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukutholakala nokunemba kwedatha kungase kuhluke emithonjeni ehlukene. Kutuswa ukuthi ubhekisele kumawebhusayithi kahulumeni asemthethweni noma izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ezaziwayo ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthembekile lwedatha yezohwebo.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

ISwitzerland yaziwa ngomkhakha wayo othuthuke kakhulu futhi ochumayo we-B2B. Ngezansi amanye amapulatifomu e-B2B avelele eSwitzerland kanye namawebhusayithi awo afanele: 1. I-Kompass Switzerland (https://ch.kompass.com/): I-Kompass inikeza isizindalwazi esiphelele samabhizinisi aseSwitzerland kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene, okwenza kube lula ngezinkampani ze-B2B ukuxhuma nokwenza ibhizinisi. 2. I-Alibaba Switzerland (https://www.alibaba.com/countrysearch/CH/switzerland.html): I-Alibaba inikeza inkundla yokuhweba yomhlaba wonke exhuma abathengi nabahlinzeki emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise namabhizinisi amaningi aseSwitzerland. 3. I-Europages Switzerland (https://www.europages.co.uk/companies/Switzerland.html): I-Europages iyinkundla edumile ye-B2B evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole abahlinzeki, abakhi, nabasabalalisi e-Switzerland. 4. I-TradeKey Switzerland (https://swiss.tradekey.com/): I-TradeKey yenza amabhizinisi axhumane nabathengi nabathengisi emakethe yaseSwitzerland, inikeze amathuba ohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. 5. Imithombo Yomhlaba Wonke e-Switzerland (https://www.globalsources.com/SWITZERLAND/hot-products.html): I-Global Sources iyinkundla esunguliwe ye-e-commerce ye-B2B enqamula umngcele enikezela ngemikhiqizo evela kubahlinzeki baseSwitzerland emikhakheni ehlukene. 6. Uhla Lwemibhalo Lwebhizinisi - Switzerland (https://bizpages.org/countries--CH--Switzerland#toplistings): I-Bizpages.org inikeza uhla lwemibhalo olunabile lwezinkampani zase-Switzerland ezihlungwe ngokwesigaba semboni, igqugquzela ukuxhumana kwe-B2B ngempumelelo. 7. Thomasnet - Switzerland Suppliers Directory (https://www.thomasnet.com/products/suppliers-countries.html?navtype=geo&country=006&fname=Switzerland+%28CHE%29&altid=&covenum=-1&rlid=1996358-2727page8319 =&searchname=null&sflag=E&sort_para=subclassification&sfield=subclassification"): I-Thomasnet inikeza uhla lwemibhalo oluphelele lwabahlinzeki baseSwitzerland abaqinisekisiwe abahlukaniswa ngokwengxenye yemboni. Lezi zinkundla ze-B2B zihlinzeka ngamathuba anhlobonhlobo ukuze amabhizinisi axhumeke, ahwebe futhi ahlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene zaseSwitzerland. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlole lezi zinkundla futhi uhlole ukuthi yiziphi ezifanelana nezidingo zakho ezithile ze-B2B.
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