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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
I-Tunisia, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhulikhi yaseTunisia, iyizwe laseNyakatho Afrika elisogwini lweMedithera. Ihlanganyela imingcele yayo ne-Algeria ngasentshonalanga kanye neLibya eningizimu-mpumalanga. Njengoba inabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-11, iTunisia ithatha indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-163,610. I-Tunisia inefa elicebile lomlando namasiko elisukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Yayihlalwa izizwe zomdabu zamaBerber ngaphambi kokuba ibuswe amaFenike, amaRoma, amaVandal nama-Arabhu ngokulandelana. Umlando wezwe uhlanganisa amakhosi abusayo njengamaCarthaginians namaNumidians kanye namathonya avela kubanqobi abahlukahlukene. Inhloko-dolobha yaseTunisia yiTunis esebenza njengesikhungo sezomnotho nezepolitiki sezwe. Amanye amadolobha amakhulu afaka iSfax, iSousse, neGabès. Ulimi olusemthethweni olukhulunywa eTunisia isi-Arabhu; nokho, isiFulentshi siqondwa kabanzi ngenxa yobudlelwano baso bomlando wamakoloni. I-Tunisia inomnotho ohlukahlukene osuselwe kwezolimo, imboni yokukhiqiza (ikakhulukazi yezindwangu), imikhakha yezinsizakalo ezifana nezokungcebeleka kanye nezezimali. Umkhakha wayo wezolimo ukhiqiza amafutha omnqumo, izithelo ezisawolintshi kanye nezinye izitshalo ezifana nokusanhlamvu nemifino. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yaziwa nangokuthumela ngaphandle ama-phosphates asetshenziswa kakhulu kumanyolo. Ezokuvakasha zidlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni waseTunisia ngenxa yogu lwayo oluhle olunamabhishi anesihlabathi kanye nezindawo zomlando ezifana namanxiwa aseCarthage noma idolobha lakudala laseDougga elaqashelwa yi-UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Uhlaka lukahulumeni e-Tunisia lulandela uhlelo lwe-republic yasephalamende lapho bobabili uMongameli kanye noNdunankulu bephethe amandla okuphatha. Ngemva kokuthola inkululeko eFrance ngo-1956 ngesikhathi sezingxoxo ezinokuthula ezaziholwa uHabib Bourguiba - othathwa njengoBaba Wenkululeko - imizamo yokwenza isimanjemanje yenziwa okuhlanganisa nezinguquko zemfundo ezaletha intuthuko ekufinyeleleni kwezempilo. Eminyakeni yakamuva nakuba sibhekene nezinselelo ezithile ezihlobene nokuzinza kwezombusazwe kanye nokukhathazeka kwezokuphepha ikakhulukazi ngemva koguquko lwentando yeningi olulandela uguquko lwase-Arab Spring ngo-2011; nokho sizama ukuguqula intando yeningi kanye nokuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali ukuze kukhule umnotho. Sengiphetha, iTunisia iyisizwe esibalulekile ngokomlando futhi esihlukene ngokwamasiko esinomnotho okhulayo. Yaziwa ngamabhishi ayo amahle, amanxiwa asendulo, nokungenisa izihambi okufudumele. Nakuba ibhekene nezinselelo ezithile, isaqhubeka nokuphokophela inqubekelaphambili nentuthuko emikhakheni eyahlukene.
Imali Yezwe
I-Tunisia, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeRiphabhulikhi yaseTunisia, iyizwe laseNyakatho Afrika elisogwini lweMedithera. Imali yaseTunisia yiDinar yaseTunisia (TND), enophawu lwayo oluthi DT noma د.ت. IDinar yaseTunisia yethulwa ngo-1958, ithatha indawo ye-French franc njengoba iTunisia ithola inkululeko eFrance. Ihlukaniswe yaba amayunithi amancane abizwa ngokuthi ama-millimes. Kunamamilimitha ayi-1,000 kudinari eyodwa. Izinga lokushintshisana kwe-Dinar yaseTunisia liyashintshashintsha uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zemali ezinkulu njenge-U.S. dollar kanye nama-Euro. I-Central Bank yaseTunisia ilawula futhi ilawula inqubomgomo yezimali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokulawula ukwehla kwamandla emali ngaphakathi kwezwe. Izinsizakalo zokushintshisana kwamanye amazwe zingatholakala emabhange, ezikhumulweni zezindiza, nasemahhovisi okushintshanisa agunyaziwe kulo lonke elaseTunisia. Kuyatuseka ukuthi abahambi baqhathanise amanani ngaphambi kokushintshanisa imali yabo ukuze bathole idili elingcono. Ama-ATM atholakala kabanzi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni eTunisia; nokho, kuyatuswa ukusebenzisa ama-ATM anamathiselwe emabhange kunemishini ezimele ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha. Amakhadi esikweletu amukelwa kabanzi emahhotela amakhulu, ezindaweni zokudlela, nasezitolo ezinkulu; kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuphatha imali ethile yezikhungo ezincane okungenzeka zingawamukeli amakhadi noma izinkokhelo ezengeziwe zingasebenza uma uwasebenzisa. Lapho uphatha ukuthengiselana ngemali e-Tunisia, kubalulekile ukunaka noma yimaphi amanothi omgunyathi okungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kube yinkinga eminyakeni yamuva nje. Abathengisi bavamise ukusebenzisa amapeni okuthola umgunyathi asabela ngendlela ehlukile kumanothi angempela aqhathaniswa nawomgunyathi. Sekukonke, ngenkathi uvakashele e-Tunisia noma wenza noma yikuphi ukuthengiselana kwezezimali ezweni khumbula ukuthi i-TND iyinhlangano yabo yemali esemthethweni futhi qaphela ngokuhwebelana ngemali ezindaweni ezinokwethenjelwa kuyilapho futhi uzivikela ezintweni ezingase zibe mbumbulu.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Ithenda esemthethweni: I-Tunesian Dinar (TND) Ngezansi amanani okushintshana e-Tunisia Dinar uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zemali ezinkulu (okungokwereferensi kuphela) : - Idola lase-United States (USD) : Cishe i-1 TND = 0.35 USD - I-Euro (EUR) : cishe i-1 TND = 0.29 EUR - Ipondo laseBrithani (GBP) : cishe i-1 TND = 0.26 GBP - Japanese Yen (JPY) : cishe 1 TND = 38.28 JPY Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amanani okushintshanisa ashintshashintsha ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nesikhathi sosuku, imakethe nezimo zomnotho. Le datha ingeyereferensi kuphela futhi amanani okushintshanisa ngesikhathi sangempela angatholwa ngezikhungo zezezimali noma amawebhusayithi okushintshanisa imali aku-inthanethi.
Amaholide Abalulekile
I-Tunisia igubha amaholide ambalwa abalulekile unyaka wonke. Nawa amaholide abalulekile kuleli zwe: 1. Usuku Lokuzimela: Lugujwa ngomhla zingama-20 kuNdasa, kubungazwa ukuzimela kwe-Tunisia ku-France ngo-1956. Lolu suku lumakwe ngama-parade, iziqhumane, nemicimbi yamasiko. 2. Usuku Lwenguquko: Olubanjwe ngoJanuwari 14, leli holide liphawula isikhumbuzo senguquko eyimpumelelo yaseTunisia ngo-2011 eyaholela ekuketulweni kombuso kaMongameli u-Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. Usuku lokukhumbula ukuzinikela okwenziwa kanye nokugubha ukuzalwa kwentando yeningi e-Tunisia. 3. I-Eid al-Fitr: Leli holide lamaSulumane liphawula ukuphela kweRamadan, isikhathi esiyinyanga sokuzila esigcinwa amaSulumane emhlabeni wonke. E-Tunisia, abantu benza imicimbi yemikhosi efana nemibuthano yomndeni, ukuphana izipho, nokujabulela ukudla kwesintu. 4. Usuku Lwabesifazane: Lugujwa ngo-Agasti 13 njalo ngonyaka, uSuku Lwabesifazane luwumcimbi obalulekile wokubonga impumelelo yamalungelo abesifazane kanye nokumela ukulingana ngokobulili e-Tunisia. 5. Usuku Lwabafel’ ukholo: Lugujwa ngo-April 9 njalo ngonyaka, uSuku Lwabafel’ ukholo luhlonipha labo abalahlekelwa izimpilo zabo phakathi nomzabalazo wase-Tunisia wokulwa nokubuswa kwamakoloni eFrance phakathi kuka-1918-1923 nezinye izimpi zokufuna inkululeko. 6.I-Carthage International Festival: Yenzeka minyaka yonke kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Agasti kusukela ngo-1964 eCarthage Amphitheatre eduze kwase-Tunis, le festiveli ikhombisa amakhonsathi omculo ahlukahlukene (asendaweni & aphesheya), imidlalo nemibukiso yokudansa eheha izakhamuzi zendawo kanye nezivakashi ngokufanayo. Le micimbi yamaholide ihlinzeka ngethuba lokuthi abantu baseTunisia bahlangane njengesizwe ngenkathi bebonisa amasiko abo anothile namagugu ezivakashini ezivela emhlabeni wonke.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
I-Tunisia iyizwe elincane laseNyakatho ne-Afrika elinomnotho oxubile onamabhizinisi kahulumeni kanye nalawo azimele. Inendawo enamasu okuma kuyo, okwenza ibe isizinda esibalulekile sohwebo esifundeni saseMedithera. Abalingani abakhulu beTunisia bokuhweba bahlanganisa i-European Union (EU), ikakhulukazi iFrance, i-Italy, neJalimane. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iTunisia ibhekane nokwehla kwezohwebo ngenxa yokungazinzi kwezepolitiki kanye nezinselelo zomnotho. Kodwa-ke, kwenziwa imizamo yokuhlukanisa ubudlelwano bayo bezohwebo ngaphandle kozakwethu bendabuko. Imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu kuleli ihlanganisa izindwangu nezimpahla zokugqoka, imikhiqizo yezolimo efana nowoyela we-olive nama-date, imishini kagesi, izinto ezisebenza ngemishini kanye nezingxenye zezimoto. I-Tunisia yaziwa ngemboni yayo yendwangu, enomthelela omkhulu emalini yayo yokuthumela ngaphandle. Ngasohlangothini lokungenisa, i-Tunisia ingenisa kakhulu imishini nezinto zokusebenza ezidingekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni. Okunye okubalulekile okuthengisiwe kwamanye amazwe kubandakanya imikhiqizo ehlobene namandla afana nowoyela we-petroleum namandla kagesi. I-Tunisia ithathe izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zokuthuthukisa ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Senze izivumelwano ezimbalwa zokuhwebelana kwamahhala namazwe afana ne-EU, Turkey, Algeria Jordan phakathi kwamanye). Lezi zivumelwano zihlose ukunciphisa amanani entengo ezimpahleni ezihwebelana phakathi kwalawa mazwe ngenkathi kwakhiwa amathuba angcono okufinyelela ezimakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iTunisia iphinde ibe yingxenye yeGreater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA), eqeda ukukhokhiswa intela phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu okuhloswe ngawo ukuthuthukisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezohwebo phakathi kwezifunda zama-Arab. Sekukonke, iTunisia ibhekene nezinselelo ezithile emkhakheni wayo wezohwebo kodwa iyaqhubeka nokwenza imizamo yokuthuthukisa ngokuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe ngokusebenzisa izinxephezelo ngenkathi ifuna izimakethe ezintsha ngaphandle kozakwethu bayo bendabuko.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
I-Tunisia, etholakala eNyakatho Afrika, inethuba elithembisayo lokuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe zohwebo lwangaphandle. Izwe, elaziwa ngesimo salo sezombusazwe esizinzile kanye nesimo sebhizinisi esivumayo, linikeza amathuba amaningana kumabhizinisi omhlaba. Okokuqala, iTunisia iyahlomula endaweni yayo enamasu njengesango eliya e-Europe nase-Afrika. Isungule Izivumelwano Zokuhweba Ngokukhululekile ne-European Union (EU), evumela ukufinyelela ngaphandle kwentela emakethe ye-EU. Le nzuzo yenza i-Tunisia ibe yindawo ekhangayo yokukhiqiza kanye nokukhipha abantu ngaphandle. Ukwengeza, iTunisia inengqalasizinda ethuthukiswe kahle esekela imisebenzi yohwebo lwangaphandle. Amachweba akhona afakwe izinsiza zesimanje, okuvumela ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. Izwe liphinde libe noxhaxha lwemigwaqo olubanzi oluxhuma amadolobha amakhulu namazwe angomakhelwane - olusiza ezokuthutha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo esifundeni sonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzi abanamakhono baseTunisia banikeza inzuzo yokuncintisana kubatshalizimali. Izwe linesibalo sabantu abafundile abanolwazi lwezilimi ezifana nesi-Arabhu, isiFulentshi, nesiNgisi - okwenza kube lula ukuqhuba ibhizinisi nabalingani abahlukahlukene bamazwe ngamazwe. Kanjalo, imikhakha efana nezinsizakalo ze-IT, ukukhishwa kwezikhungo zezingcingo, ukukhiqizwa kwezindwangu kubone ukukhula ngenxa yaleli chibi lamathalente elitholakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iTunisia yenze inqubekelaphambili ebonakalayo ezinguqukweni zezomnotho eminyakeni edlule. Uhulumeni ukhuthaza ngokuqhubekayo ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezifana nezinxephezelo zentela kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha ezenziwe lula ezithuthukisa ukwenza ibhizinisi kalula. Ukwengeza, Kwenziwe e-Tunisia, njengezingubo zokugqoka, ifenisha, izinto zikagesi njll., sekuzuze ukuqashelwa ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yobuciko bazo bekhwalithi ngamanani ancintisanayo. I-Tunisia iya ngokuya ihlukanisa iminikelo yayo yokuthekelisa ngaphezu kwemikhakha yendabuko efana nezindwangu ibe yinkontileka encane yobunjiniyela. ,izingxenye zezimoto nama-electronics. Sekukonke, ukuzinza kwe-Tunisia, ukuvuleka kwezombusazwe, indawo evumelana nebhizinisi, indawo ekahle, kanye nabasebenzi abanamakhono kunomthelela emandleni ayo okuthuthuka ngokwemibandela yemakethe yohwebo lwangaphandle.Ukungena kule makethe esafufusa kungase kubonakale kunenzuzo kumabhizinisi afuna amathuba amasha okutshala imali.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo ethengiswa kakhulu yemakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yaseTunisia, izici ezimbalwa ezidinga ukucatshangelwa. Izimiso ezilandelayo zingaqondisa inqubo yokukhetha umkhiqizo: 1. Ukuhlaziywa Kwemakethe: Yenza ucwaningo olunzulu lwemakethe ukuze uhlonze izitayela zamanje, izimfuno, kanye nezintandokazi zabathengi baseTunisia. Gxila ekuqondeni amandla abo okuthenga, ukukhetha kwabo indlela yokuphila, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamasiko ezingaba nomthelela ezinqumweni zabo zokuthenga. 2. Ukuhlonzwa Komkhakha: Thola imikhakha ethuthukayo emnothweni waseTunisia futhi enamandla okukhula kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. Hlaziya imikhakha efana nendwangu, ezolimo, amakhemikhali, ukucubungula ukudla, izinto zikagesi, ukukhiqiza izingxenye zezimoto, izimpahla namasevisi ahlobene nezokuvakasha. Ukukhomba izindawo zokukhula kuzosiza ukwandisa amathuba okuphumelela. 3. Inzuzo Yokuncintisana: Cabangela imikhiqizo lapho i-Tunisia inenzuzo yokuncintisana noma isiphakamiso sokuthengisa esiyingqayizivele uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe. Lokhu kungaba ngobuciko bekhwalithi noma amakhono endabuko akhona kuma-artisan aseTunisia noma ukutholakala kwezinto ezithile zokusetshenziswa endaweni. 4. Ukuthobela Imithetho Yokungeniswa Kwempahla: Qinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ekhethiwe ithobelana nemithethonqubo yokungenisa kanye namazinga abekwe iziphathimandla zaseTunisia kanye nemithetho yamazwe aqondiswe kuyo yezimpahla (uma ikhona). Ukuqinisekisa ukulandelwa kwale mithetho kuzolulaza izinqubo zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe futhi kuvimbele ukungqubuzana phansi. 5. Ukusimama & Imikhiqizo Elungele Imvelo: Thuthukisa ukusimama ngokukhetha imikhiqizo ehambisana nemvelo noma leyo ethobela izinqubo eziluhlaza njengoba kunomkhuba okhulayo obheke ekuthengeni okuqaphelayo emhlabeni jikelele. 6. Isu Lokuncintisana Lamanani: Cabangela ukonga kwezindleko ngenkathi ukhetha imikhiqizo ezokhulisa ukuncintisana kukho kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kanye nezimakethe zangaphandle. 7.Ukwenza Ibhrendi Nokuthuthukisa Ukupakisha: Naka amasu okufaka uphawu lomkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokukhetha umkhiqizo - okuhlanganisa ukukhetha amagama ahambisana kahle nabathengi basendaweni - imiklamo yokupakisha ekhangayo ekhonjweni lamasegimenti okuthandwayo kuyilapho ugqama kwabaqhudelana nabo emashalofini. 8.E-Commerce Amandla: Hlola ukuthi ingabe izinto ezikhethiwe zingase zithengiswe nge-e-commerce njengoba izinkundla zokuthengisa eziku-inthanethi zithola ukuduma kulo lonke elaseTunisia ngokushesha ngemva kobhubhane lwe-COVID-19; lokhu kuvula amathuba angaphezu kwemigudu evamile yokuthengisa izitini nodaka ngaphakathi kwezwe. 9. Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlola: Ngaphambi kokwethula ukukhiqizwa kwesilinganiso esigcwele noma ukungenisa, yenza ukuhlola kokuhlola ngenani elincane lemikhiqizo ekhethiwe ukuze uhlole ukwamukelwa kwayo emakethe yaseTunisia futhi wenze izinguquko ezidingekayo uma kudingeka. Ukusebenzisa le mihlahlandlela kuzokwenza amabhizinisi akwazi ukukhetha imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu ngaphakathi kwemakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yaseTunisia, kuthuthukise amathuba okuphumelela kwezohwebo kuyilapho ehlangabezana nezidingo nokuthandwa ngabathengi baseTunisia.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
I-Tunisia, etholakala eNyakatho Afrika, yaziwa ngenhlanganisela yayo eyingqayizivele yama-Arab, Berber, namathonya aseYurophu. Izwe linamagugu ahlukahlukene amasiko, izindawo ezimangalisayo, kanye nomlando ocebile oheha izivakashi eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuqonda izici zekhasimende nama-taboos e-Tunisia kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ibhizinisi eliphumelelayo noma ulwazi lwezokuvakasha. Izici Zekhasimende: 1. Ukungenisa izihambi: Abantu baseTunisia baziwa ngomoya wabo wokungenisa izihambi ofudumele kanye nemvelo yokwamukela abantu. Bayaziqhenya ngokusingatha izivakashi futhi bazinikeze okuhlangenwe nakho okujabulisayo. 2. Okugxile emndenini: Imindeni idlala indima ebalulekile emphakathini waseTunisia. Amakhasimende avame ukubeka phambili ukuchitha isikhathi nemindeni yawo futhi angase abafake ezinqubweni zokwenza izinqumo. 3. Ukuqaphela isikhathi: Ukugcina isikhathi kuyaziswa e-Tunisia, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela izikhathi eziwumnqamulajuqu lapho usebenza namakhasimende endawo. 4. Isiko lokuxoxisana: Ukuxoxisana ngamanani kuyinto evamile ezimakethe nasemabhizinisini amancane kulo lonke elaseTunisia. Amakhasimende ngokuvamile alindele ukuxoxisana ngezintengo ngaphambi kokuphothula noma yikuphi ukuthenga. Ama-taboos: 1. Inkolo: Inkolo ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaningi baseTunisia, njengoba inkolo yobuSulumane iyinkolo ehamba phambili elandelwa iningi labantu. Kubalulekile ukuhlonipha amasiko namasiko amaSulumane ngenkathi ugwema noma yiziphi izinkulumo ezibonisa indelelo noma ukuziphatha ngenkolo. 2. Ikhodi yokugqoka: I-Tunisia inemithetho yokugqoka evumelana nemithetho ethonywa izindinganiso zamaSulumane; ngakho-ke, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ugqoke ngendlela ehloniphekile lapho uhlanganyela nabantu bendawo noma uvakashela izingosi zezenkolo. 3.Amalungelo abantu besifazane: Nakuba sekuthathwe izinyathelo ezinqala mayelana namalungelo abantu besifazane eminyakeni yakamuva, eminye imibono yendabuko isaqhubeka maqondana neqhaza lobulili emphakathini.Ukuzwela kwamasiko kufanele kusetshenziswe lapho kudingidwa izihloko ezihlobene nobulili ukuze kugwenywe izingxoxo ezingase zicunule. 4. Ezombangazwe: Kuyalulekwa ukuthi ugweme ukuxoxa ngepolitiki ngaphandle uma umenywe ozakwenu bendawo njengoba izingxoxo zezepolitiki zingase zibe bucayi ngenxa yemibono ehlukene. Ukuqonda lezi zici zekhasimende kanye nokugwema izithiyo ezingase zibe khona kuzosiza ukusungula ubudlelwano obunenhlonipho phakathi kwezivakashi/amabhizinisi angaphandle kanye nabantu baseTunisia kuyilapho kuthuthukisa isipiliyoni sonke kulesi sizwe esinempilo saseNyakatho Afrika.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
I-Tunisia iyizwe elitholakala eNyakatho Afrika, elaziwa ngomlando walo ocebile namasiko aphilayo. Uma kuziwa ekuphathweni kwamasiko, iTunisia inemithethonqubo ethile nemihlahlandlela okudingeka ilandelwe. Ukulawulwa kweCustoms e-Tunisia kwenganyelwe i-Tunisia Customs Service, esebenza ngaphansi koMnyango Wezezimali. Inhlosongqangi yokulawulwa kwempahla ephumayo iwukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwemingcele yezwe, kube lula ukuhwebelana kanye nokuvimbela imisebenzi engekho emthethweni njengokushushumbisa. Lapho bengena eTunisia, abahambi kudingeka badlule ekuvunyelweni kwentela esikhumulweni sezindiza noma ezindaweni ezimisiwe zemingcele. Kubalulekile ukuthi zonke izincwadi zokuhamba ezidingekayo zitholakale kalula ukuze zihlolwe yizikhulu zentela. Lokhu kufaka ipasipoti evumelekile ene-visa efanelekile (uma ikhona) kanye nanoma imaphi amadokhumenti asekelayo engeziwe acelwe ngenjongo yakho ethile yokuvakasha. Kubalulekile ukuthobela imithetho yase-Tunisia mayelana nezinto ezinqatshelwe/ezikhawulelwe. Ezinye izinto ezivamile ezikhawulelwe zihlanganisa izibhamu, izidakamizwa (ngaphandle uma kunqunyiwe), izimpahla zomgunyathi, izinto zobuciko zamasiko ezingenazo izimvume ezifanele, nemikhiqizo yezilwane ezisengozini. Abahambi kufanele futhi baqaphele ukuthi kunemikhawulo enanini lemali abangayifaka noma bayikhiphe eTunisia. Njengamanje, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka eyi-18 bangaletha ama-dinar aseTunisia afika ku-10,000 noma imali yangaphandle elinganayo ngaphandle kwesimemezelo; amanani adlula lo mkhawulo kufanele amenyezelwe esikweni lapho ufika noma usuka. Kutuswa ukuthi udalule noma yiziphi izinto ezibalulekile njengogesi obizayo noma ubucwebe lapho ungena e-Tunisia. Lokhu kusiza ukugwema izinkinga ngesikhathi sokuhamba njengoba kungase kudingeke ubufakazi bokuthi ungowakho lapho usuka ezweni nalezi zinto. Izikhulu ze-Customs zaseTunisia zingahlola okungahleliwe kubantu ngabanye nasezimpahleni zabo. Kubalulekile ukubambisana phakathi nalawa masheke ngokunikeza ulwazi olunembile lapho ubuzwa mayelana nezinhlelo zakho zokuhamba noma izimpahla ohamba nazo. Ukwehluleka ukuthobela imithetho yangokwezifiso yase-Tunisia kungase kubangele izinhlawulo kanye nemiphumela engase ibe khona yezomthetho; ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi abahambi bazijwayeze nemithetho yamanje ngaphambi kokuvakashela izwe. Sengiphetha, ukuqonda uhlelo lokuphathwa kwezimpahla zaseTunisia kubalulekile ukuze kube nenqubo yokungena nokuphuma kahle. Ngokunamathela emithethweni, abahambi bangaqinisekisa ukuthobela ngenkathi bejabulela isikhathi sabo kulesi sizwe esihle saseNyakatho Afrika.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-Tunisia iyizwe elitholakala eNyakatho Afrika, elaziwa ngomnotho walo ohlukahlukene kanye nendawo enamasu. Uma kukhulunywa ngentela yempahla ethengwayo ezweni kanye nezinqubomgomo zentela, kunemithetho ethile ekhona. E-Tunisia, intela yentela engenayo ikhokhiswa ezimpahleni ezingena ezweni ezivela ezimakethe zangaphandle. Izindleko zentela yempahla ephumayo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezimpahla ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Imikhiqizo ethile ingase ibe namazinga entela aphezulu kuneminye ukuze kuvikelwe izimboni zasendaweni noma ingakhuthazi ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe okuncintisana nokukhiqizwa kwasekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iTunisia iyilungu lezivumelwano zokuhweba ezimbalwa nezinhlangano ezibuye zibe nomthelela kuzinqubomgomo zayo zentela yokungenisa. Isibonelo, njengelungu leNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba (i-WTO), iTunisia isebenzisa imithetho yezohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe eqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngokungabandlululi kwempahla evela kwamanye amazwe. Ukwengeza, iTunisia ithathe izinyathelo zokukhulula umbuso wayo wohwebo ngokusayina izivumelwano zohwebo lwamazwe amabili namazwe amaningi. Lezi zivumelwano ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izinhlinzeko okuhloswe ngazo ukunciphisa noma ukususa izintela ezimpahleni ezithile ezihwebayo phakathi kwamazwe angozakwethu. Kubalulekile ukuthi abangenisa impahla baqaphele ukuthi ngaphandle kwentela yempahla, ezinye izintela zingasebenza lapho kulethwa impahla e-Tunisia. Lezi zintela zingabandakanya i-value-added tax (VAT) nezintela zempahla yemikhiqizo ethile efana notshwala noma ugwayi. Ukuze kube lula ukuhwebelana nokuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe, i-Tunisia iphinde yasebenzisa izikhuthazo ezihlukahlukene njengezinhlelo zokukhululwa noma amazinga entela ancishisiwe ezinkampanini ezibambe iqhaza emikhakheni ethile noma izifunda. Ukuqonda izinqubomgomo zentela yase-Tunisia yokungenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe kubalulekile uma uhwebelana namazwe ngamazwe nezwe. Abathekelisi kufanele baxhumane nezikhungo zikahulumeni ezifanele ezifana ne-Tunisia Customs Administration ukuze uthole ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngezigaba zentela yomkhiqizo othize kanye namazinga entela asebenzayo ngaphambi kokungenisa izimpahla ezweni.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
Inqubomgomo yentela yaseTunisia yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ihlose ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho kanye nokwandisa utshalomali lwasekhaya nolwangaphandle. Izwe selisebenzise izindlela ezahlukene zokuheha abatshalizimali kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuthunyelwa kwalo emazweni angaphandle. Nawa amaphuzu abalulekile mayelana nenqubomgomo yentela yokuthekelisa yase-Tunisia: 1. Izindleko Ezincishisiwe Noma Ezincishisiwe: I-Tunisia isayine izivumelwano zohwebo namazwe amaningana nezigatshana zesifunda, njenge-European Union, i-Arab Maghreb Union, ne-United States, ezinikeza impatho ekhethekile ekuthengisweni kwempahla kwe-Tunisia. Lokhu kuhlanganisa iziro noma amanani ancishisiwe ezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ethunyelwa ngaphandle isuka e-Tunisia. 2. Izinzuzo Zentela: Uhulumeni unikeza izinxephezelo zentela ukuze akhuthaze ukutshalwa kwezimali emikhakheni yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe njengezolimo, izindwangu, izinto zikagesi, nezimboni zezimoto. Lezi zinzuzo zingabandakanya ukukhululwa noma ukuncishiswa kwentela yemali engenayo yebhizinisi kwabathumela ngaphandle. 3. Izimali Zokuphromotha Impahla Ethunyelwa Ngaphandle: I-Tunisia isungule izimali ezizinikele ekukhuthazeni ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ngokunikeza usizo lwezezimali kubathumeli bangaphandle ngezibonelelo noma izikimu zoxhaso ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwabo ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. 4. Izindawo Zohwebo Ezikhululekile: Izwe lidale izindawo zokuhwebelana mahhala lapho izinkampani zingasebenza ngokulawulwa okuncane futhi zijabulele izinzuzo ezengeziwe ezifana nokungeniswa ngaphandle kwentela kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza okugxile kwamanye amazwe. 5. Ukubuyiselwa Kwentela Engeziwe (i-VAT): Abathumeli bangaphandle bangafuna ukubuyiselwa kwe-VAT kokufakwayo okusetshenziswe ekukhiqizweni kwezimpahla eziqondiswe ezimakethe zangaphandle. Lokhu kukhulisa ukuncintisana kwezindleko ngokunciphisa umthwalo wezintela ezingaqondile emikhiqizweni ethunyelwa ngaphandle. 6.Izisusa Zokutshalwa Kwezimali: Ngaphandle kwezintela ezisebenza ezinkampanini ezithumela ngaphandle zithola inzuzo ezinzuzweni ezibalulekile zokutshala izimali ezihlanganisa ukukhokhiswa intela yempahla ethengiswayo ezimpahleni ezinkulu ezingeniswayo ezihloselwe ukusungula amaphrojekthi amasha abandakanya i-Akhawunti Yediphozithi Yokungenisa/Yokuthekelisa evulekile kanye nokuthekelisa okungenani u-80% wabo. ukukhiqizwa kukhululiwe enteleni yenani elingeziwe amabhizinisi amasha' imali enikezwa yifomu yokukhululwa efika kweyi-10 ibalwa phezu kwesamba semali etshaliwe kanjalo nenkampani ethenga kwamanye amazwe ithola amasevisi ithuthukisa izingxenye ezisele Ukufakwa kwesiteshi izimpahla eziqedwe kancane ezizuzisa amalungelo okuphatha ngokwezifiso njenge-Go/On ukuthobela futhi uthole zonke izintela ezibuyiswayo ngaphandle kwenzalo esikhathini esiyiminyaka eyi-8. Lezi zinqubomgomo zifaka isandla emizamweni ye-Tunisia yokuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe, ukwandisa ukuncintisana kwayo kwamanye amazwe, kanye nokwehlukanisa umnotho wayo. Ngokugqugquzela ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, izwe lihlose ukudala amathuba emisebenzi, ukukhiqiza imali yangaphandle, kanye nokugqugquzela intuthuko yomnotho esimeme.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
I-Tunisia iyizwe elitholakala eNyakatho Afrika futhi yaziwa ngomnotho walo ohlukahlukene. Isici esisodwa esibalulekile somnotho waseTunisia imboni yayo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, enegalelo elikhulu ku-GDP yezwe. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuphepha kokuthunyelwa kwempahla yaseTunisia, uhulumeni usebenzise uhlelo lokunikeza izitifiketi zokuthumela ngaphandle. Lolu hlelo luhlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ethunyelwa ngaphandle isuka e-Tunisia iyahlangabezana namazinga athile futhi ihambisana nemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe. Inqubo yesitifiketi ibandakanya izinyathelo ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, abathumeli bangaphandle badinga ukubhalisa neziphathimandla ezifanele njengoMnyango Wezohwebo Nezimboni waseTunisia. Bese kudingeka ukuthi banikeze ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nemikhiqizo yabo, okuhlanganisa imininingwane, izinqubo zokukhiqiza, nokupakishwa. Okulandelayo, abathumeli bangaphandle badinga ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo okwenziwa ama-ejensi wokuhlola agunyaziwe. Lokhu kuhlola kuhlola izici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukuthobela izindinganiso zokuphepha, nokulebula okufanele. Uma ukuhlola sekuqediwe ngempumelelo, isitifiketi sokuthekelisa sizokhishwa uMnyango Wezohwebo Nezimboni noma ezinye izinhlaka ezigunyaziwe e-Tunisia. Lesi sitifiketi sisebenza njengobufakazi bokuthi izimpahla ezithunyelwe zihlangabezane nazo zonke izidingo ezidingekayo zokuthunyelwa. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo zingase zidinge izitifiketi ezithile noma amalayisense kuye ngohlobo lwayo. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yezolimo ingadinga izitifiketi ze-phytosanitary eziqinisekisa ukuthi ayinazo izinambuzane noma izifo. Uhlelo lwe-Tunisia lokunikeza isitifiketi sokuthumela ngaphandle aluhlosile nje kuphela ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kodwa futhi lusiza ubudlelwano bohwebo phakathi kwe-Tunisia nabalingani bayo bokuhweba emhlabeni wonke. Ngokunikeza isiqinisekiso sekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuhambisana namazinga okuphepha ngalezi zitifiketi, abathumeli bempahla baseTunisia bangathola ukwethenjwa kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe futhi bafinyelele izimakethe ezintsha kalula. Sengiphetha, i-Tunisia iqalise uhlelo lokunikeza izitifiketi zokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa kwamazinga omhlaba ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Lolu hlelo ludlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni ubudlelwano bezohwebo phakathi kweTunisia nabalingani bayo bomhlaba ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ikhwalithi nokuphepha komkhiqizo.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Tunisia, eseNyakatho Afrika, ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha ethuthuke kahle esekela imisebenzi yayo yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. Nazi ezinye izinsiza ezinconyiwe zezinto zokusebenza e-Tunisia: 1. Ichweba LamaRades: Ichweba laseRades liyichweba elikhulu nelimatasatasa kunawo wonke e-Tunisia, elisebenza njengendawo enkulu yokuthutha amabhokisi. Ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezibanzi zokuphatha, ukugcinwa, nokuthutha impahla kuleli nasemazweni angaphandle. 2. Isikhumulo Sezindiza Samazwe Ngamazwe Sase-Tunis-Carthage: Njengesango elikhulu lokuthuthwa kwempahla yomoya, Isikhumulo Sezindiza Samazwe Ngamazwe Sase-Tunis-Carthage sihlinzeka ngezixazululo ezisebenzayo zokuhlela kumabhizinisi asebenza e-Tunisia. Ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezinjengokuphathwa kwezimpahla zomoya, imvume yempahla, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, kanye nezinketho zokudiliva ezicacile. 3. Ezokuthutha Emgwaqeni: I-Tunisia inoxhaxha lwemigwaqo olubanzi oluxhuma amadolobha amakhulu nezindawo zezimboni ngaphakathi kwezwe. Izinkampani zamaloli zendawo zinikeza izinsizakalo zokuthutha ezinokwethenjelwa zokuthutha izimpahla ezweni lonke ngendlela efanele. 4. Izitimela: Inkampani kaloliwe kazwelonke inikeza izinsiza zokuthutha ngololiwe ezixhuma izindawo ezibalulekile eTunisia namazwe angomakhelwane njenge-Algeria neLibya. Le ndlela yokuthutha ifaneleka kakhulu imithwalo eningi noma esindayo. 5. Amasevisi Ezincwadi: Izinkampani ezihlukahlukene zamazwe ngamazwe ezihambisa izincwadi zisebenza ngaphakathi kwe-Tunisia zihlinzeka ngezixazululo ezinokwethenjelwa zokulethwa kwendlu ngendlu emabhizinisini ahweba nge-e-commerce noma adinga izinketho zokuthumela ngokushesha zemibhalo ephuthumayo noma amaphakheji amancane. 6.Izixazululo Zesitoreji Se-Warehouse: I-Tunisia inoxhaxha lwezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ezitholakalayo ukuze ziqashwe noma ziqashiswe ezihlinzeka ngezixazululo ezivikelekile zesitoreji ezifakwe ubuchwepheshe besimanje njengamasistimu okulawula impahla ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa kahle kwezimpahla. 7.Izinkonzo Zokuhlanjululwa Kwempahla Engenayo: Iziphathimandla zaseTunisia zisiza izinqubo zokungenisa/ukuthumela ngaphandle ngokunikeza imvume yokungena ezweni lonke kanye nosizo lwemibhalo ezindaweni zokungena ezihlukene ezweni lonke. 8.Abahlinzeki Bezinto Zokusetshenzwa Kwenkampani Yesithathu (3PL): Uhlu lwabahlinzeki be-3PL abangochwepheshe basebenza ngaphakathi kwe-Tunisia banikeza izixazululo ezididiyelwe zezokuthutha ezihlanganisa ukugcinwa kwempahla, ukuphathwa kokusabalalisa, kanye nezinsizakalo ezengezwe inani elifana nokupakisha, ukupakisha kabusha, ukudlulisela impahla, kanye nobungcweti bokubonisana nokuhlinzeka. Sekukonke, umkhakha wezokuthutha waseTunisia uyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ukuze ubhekane nesidingo esikhulayo esivela emkhakheni wokungenisa/ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kanye nemakethe yasekhaya, uhlinzeka amabhizinisi ngohlu lwezinsizakalo ezinokwethenjelwa neziphumelelayo ukuze kube lula ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

I-Tunisia, etholakala eNyakatho Afrika, iyizwe elineziteshi eziningi ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe nemibukiso. Ngendawo yayo enamasu kanye nomnotho othuthukayo, iTunisia isiphenduke indawo ekhangayo yamabhizinisi omhlaba afuna ukwandisa amanethiwekhi awo futhi ahlole amathuba amasha ezimakethe. Ake sihlole ezinye zeziteshi ezibalulekile zezwe zokuthengwa kwempahla nemibukiso ngezansi: 1. Isikhungo Sephromoshini Yokuthekelisa (CEPEX): I-CEPEX iyisikhungo sikahulumeni esinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuphromotha ukuthunyelwa kwe-Tunisia kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumaniseni abathumeli bempahla baseTunisia nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. I-CEPEX ihlela imicimbi ehlukahlukene njengemibukiso yezohwebo, ohambweni lwebhizinisi, namaseshini okufanisa ukuze kube lula ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabahlinzeki baseTunisia nabathengi bakwamanye amazwe. 2. I-Tunisia Investment Authority (TIA): I-TIA isebenzela ukuheha utshalomali oluqondile lwangaphandle ukuthi lungene e-Tunisia emikhakheni eyahlukene. Njengoba abatshalizimali bamazwe ngamazwe bengena ezweni, bavame ukufuna ubudlelwano nabahlinzeki bendawo noma bahlanganyele emisebenzini yokuthenga ngaphakathi kwesifunda. 3. Imibukiso Yamazwe Ngamazwe: I-Tunisia isingatha imibukiso eminingana emikhulu yamazwe ngamazwe esebenza njengezinkundla zokuxhumana, ukusebenzisana, namathuba ebhizinisi: - I-SIAMAP: I-International Show of Agricultural Machinery ihlose ukukhuthaza ubuchwepheshe bezolimo nemishini eNyakatho Afrika. - ITECHMER: Lo mbukiso ugxile embonini yokudoba, ukukhombisa amathuluzi, ubuchwepheshe, imikhiqizo ehlobene nemisebenzi yokudoba. - SITIC AFRICA: Umcimbi waminyaka yonke onikezelwe kochwepheshe bemboni ye-Information Technology (IT) abavela emazweni ahlukene. - I-PLASTIC EXPO TUNISIA: Lo mbukiso uhlanganisa ndawonye ochwepheshe bakazwelonke nabamazwe ngamazwe abasebenza emkhakheni wokukhiqiza ipulasitiki. - I-MEDEXPO AFRICA TUNISIA: Isebenza njengenkundla yabasebenzi bezempilo ukuze babonise imikhiqizo/izinsizakalo zabo ezibhekelela izidingo zezokwelapha. 4. I-B2B Online Platforms: Eminyakeni yakamuva, kube nokuvela kwezinkundla eziku-inthanethi ezixhumanisa abathengi bomhlaba ngqo nabahlinzeki baseTunisia ngaphandle kwemingcele ebonakalayo noma imikhawulo yendawo. 5 . I-Local Chambers of Commerce: I-Tunisia inama-Chambers of Commerce asendaweni ahlinzeka ngamathuba okusekela nawokuxhumana kuwo womabili amabhizinisi endawo nawamazwe ngamazwe. Lawa makamelo avame ukuhlela imicimbi yebhizinisi, ohambweni lwezohwebo, kanye nemibukiso ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhwebelana kwamazwe amabili. 6 . Abathengi Bomhlaba Wonke: Izinkampani eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe zihlanganyela emisebenzini yokuthenga eTunisia ngenxa yesimo sebhizinisi esivumayo, abasebenzi abanamakhono, kanye nesakhiwo sezindleko zokuncintisana. Laba bathengi bamele izimboni ezifana nokukhiqiza izimoto, izindwangu/izimpahla zokugqoka, ezogesi, imikhakha yokucubungula imikhiqizo yezolimo. Sengiphetha, iTunisia ihlinzeka ngeziteshi eziningi ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kanye namathuba ombukiso kumabhizinisi afuna ukwandisa ukufinyelela kwawo eNyakatho Afrika. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngama-ejensi kahulumeni afana ne-CEPEX noma i-TIA noma ngokubamba iqhaza emibukisweni yamazwe ngamazwe noma ukusebenzisa izinkundla eziku-inthanethi zokusebenzelana kwe-B2B, kunenqwaba yezindlela ezitholakalayo zabathengi bomhlaba abafuna ukungena ezimakethe zaseTunisia.
E-Tunisia, izinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa yi-Google (www.google.com.tn) kanye ne-Bing (www.bing.com). Lezi zinjini zokusesha ezimbili zidume kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-inthanethi ezweni ngemiphumela yabo yosesho kanye nezindawo ezisebenziseka kalula. I-Google ngokungangabazeki iyinjini yokusesha ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, ehlinzeka ngezinsiza eziningi ngaphandle komsebenzi wayo wokusesha wewebhu. Kusukela kumamephu ukuya ku-imeyili, ukuhumusha ukuya ekwabelaneni kwamadokhumenti ku-inthanethi - I-Google isiyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu kwedijithali. E-Tunisia, i-Google isetshenziswa kakhulu ekusesheni iwebhu, ezinsizakalweni ze-imeyili nge-Gmail, amamephu wokuzulazula noma ukuthola izindawo onentshisekelo kuzo. I-Bing ingenye inketho edumile phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-inthanethi baseTunisia njengoba inikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo esikhangayo kanye nezici eziwusizo. Iphinde inikeze ngezinsizakalo zasendaweni ezenzelwe ngqo isifunda saseTunisia. Ukusesha kwezithombe nevidiyo kwe-Bing kwaziwa ngemiphumela ehlobene kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinjini ezimbili ezinkulu zokusesha zamazwe ngamazwe, iTunisia nayo inezinketho zayo zasendaweni ezibhekelela ngqo izidingo zabasebenzisi baseTunisia. Ezinye izinjini zokusesha zasendaweni zase-Tunisia zifaka i-Tounesna (www.tounesna.com.tn), egxile ekuletheni okuqukethwe okufanele okuhlobene nezindaba nemicimbi yase-Tunisia; I-Achghaloo (www.achghaloo.tn), egxile kakhulu ekuhlinzekeni ngezikhangiso ezihlukanisiwe, okuyenza inkundla edumile yokuthenga nokudayisa imikhiqizo; I-AlloCreche (www.allocreche.tn), egxile ekusizeni abazali bathole izindawo zokunakekela izingane ezifana nenkulisa noma izinkulisa eziseduze nabo. Nakuba i-Google ne-Bing zibusa ingxenye yemakethe yokusesha kwe-inthanethi e-Tunisia ngenxa yedumela lazo lomhlaba wonke kanye neminikelo ebanzi, lezi zinketho zasendaweni zibhekelela ngokukhethekile izidingo noma okuthandwa abantu baseTunisia ngokunikeza ulwazi oluthe xaxa oluqondiwe mayelana nezibuyekezo zezindaba ezingeni likazwelonke noma ukuxhuma abathengi nabathengisi. ngaphakathi kwemingcele yaseTunisia.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

Amakhasi Aphuzi amakhulu e-Tunisia afaka: 1. U-Pagini Jaune (www.pj.tn): Lolu uhla lwemibhalo olusemthethweni lwe-Yellow Pages e-Tunisia, oluhlinzeka ngohlu lwamabhizinisi olubanzi kuyo yonke imikhakha ehlukahlukene njengezindawo zokudlela, amahhotela, amabhange, izibhedlela, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe amabhizinisi ngamagama noma ngezigaba. 2. I-Tunisie-Index (www.tunisieindex.com): I-Tunisie-Index ingolunye uhla lwemibhalo lwebhizinisi oluku-inthanethi oludumile e-Tunisia olunikeza uhlu olubanzi nemininingwane yokuxhumana yezinkampani ezisebenza ezimbonini ezihlukene. Abasebenzisi bangasesha amabhizinisi ngokususelwe endaweni akuyo noma ngezidingo ezithile zesevisi. 3. I-Yellow.tn (www.yellow.tn): I-Yellow.tn inikeza isizindalwazi esibanzi samabhizinisi, ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezihlukene njengezindlu ezithengiswayo, izinsizakalo zezimoto, abahlinzeki bezempilo, nokunye. Iphinde inikeze ukubuyekezwa komsebenzisi nezilinganiso ukusiza abantu benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokukhetha amasevisi alungile. 4. Annuaire.com (www.annuaire.com/tunisie/): Nakuba i-Annuaire.com iwuhla lwemibhalo lwebhizinisi lolimi lwesi-French oluhlanganisa amazwe amaningana okuhlanganisa ne-Tunisia (`Tunisie`), lusasetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthola izinkampani zasendaweni ezindaweni ezahlukene. imikhakha. 5. Masichofoze i-Tunisie (letsclick-tunisia.com): Masichofoze i-Tunisie inikeza inkundla yokusebenzisana lapho amabhizinisi endawo angakha amaphrofayili awo ngolwazi oluningiliziwe olufana namamephu endawo, izithombe/amavidiyo abonisa izinsiza/izinkonzo zawo, ukubuyekezwa/izilinganiso zamakhasimende njll. , okwenza kube lula kubasebenzisi ukuthola abahlinzeki besevisi abathembekile. Lezi ezinye zezinkomba ezinkulu ze-Yellow Pages e-Tunisia lapho abantu ngabanye bengathola ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana namabhizinisi endawo kalula ku-inthanethi.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

E-Tunisia, kunezinkundla ezimbalwa ezivelele ze-e-commerce. Bahlinzeka ngendlela elula nefinyelelekayo yokuthi abantu bathenge imikhiqizo namasevisi ku-inthanethi. Nazi ezinye zezinkundla ezinkulu ze-e-commerce eTunisia: 1. I-Jumia Tunisia: I-Jumia ingenye yezimakethe eziku-inthanethi ezinkulu e-Afrika, okuhlanganisa ne-Tunisia. Ihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, ehlanganisa izinto zikagesi, imfashini, imikhiqizo yobuhle, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi: www.jumia.com.tn 2. I-Mytek: I-Mytek iyinkundla ye-e-commerce egxile kwimikhiqizo kagesi nobuchwepheshe efana nama-smartphone, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, amakhamera, amakhonsoli amageyimu, nezinsiza. Iphinde inikeze ngezinsizakalo zokulethwa kwezidingo kulo lonke elaseTunisia. Iwebhusayithi http://www.mytek.tn 3. I-StarTech Tunisie: I-StarTech Tunisie igxile emikhiqizweni ehlobene nobuchwepheshe okuhlanganisa amakhompuyutha, izingxenye zekhompyutha nezinto ezisetshenziswayo (njengamaphrinta), izinto zikagesi ezithengwayo (amasethi kamabonakude), i-automation yasehhovisi (ama-photocopier), amakhonsoli emidlalo yevidiyo nesofthiwe — ikakhulukazi i-PlayStation 5 & yayo. okuphathelene nomngcele—phakathi kokunye.[1] Iletha ezweni lonke ngaphakathi kwe-Tunisia ngezimali ezifanele zokuthumela kuye ngokuthi ibanga ukusuka endaweni yabo yokugcina impahla noma izindawo zokulanda; Izindlela zokukhokha zifaka phakathi isevisi yokuletha ukheshi noma ukucubungula ikhadi lesikweletu ngqo kusetshenziswa amasango okukhokha ngogesi I-MasterCard Internet Gateway Service (MiGS) exhaswe yi-Jordanian Prepaid Processing Group Middle East Payment Services MEPS-Visa Authorised) kanye nemali etholakala kubatsheleki basebhange noma kuma-ATM. itholakala kuzo zonke izifunda zamadolobha amakhulu esifundeni ezidinga ukuthi amakhasimende axhumane nenombolo ye-oda yokubhuka eyenziwe ngaphambilini ngenombolo yocingo ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuvikela ikhawunta yokuphuma. Iwebhusayithi http://www.startech.com.tn 4.Yassir Mall:www.yassirmall.com 5.ClickTunisie : clicktunisie.net Lezi zinkundla ze-e-commerce zithole ukuduma ezweni ngenxa yohlu olubanzi lwemikhiqizo yazo kanye nezinketho zokukhokha ezivikelekile ezinikezwa amakhasimende. Qaphela ukuthi nakuba lezi nkundla zidumile futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi, kuhlala kunconywa ukuthi ucwaninge futhi uqhathanise izintengo, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, izindleko zokuthumela, nezibuyekezo zekhasimende ngaphambi kokuthenga.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

I-Tunisia, njengesizwe esithuthukayo nesixhumene, seyamukele izinkundla zokuxhumana ezahlukahlukene zokuxhumana kanye nokuxhumana. Nazi ezinye zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezaziwa kakhulu eTunisia: 1. I-Facebook: Njengomholi womhlaba wonke ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, i-Facebook isetshenziswa kakhulu eTunisia. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baxhumane nabangane, babelane ngezithombe namavidiyo, bajoyine amaqembu, futhi bahlale benolwazi ngezindaba nemicimbi. (Iwebhusayithi: www.facebook.com) 2. I-YouTube: Le nkundla yokwabelana ngamavidiyo ijabulela isizinda sabasebenzisi abaningi e-Tunisia. Abantu baseTunisia basebenzisa i-YouTube ukuze babuke noma balayishe amavidiyo, balandele iziteshi abazithandayo noma abadali bokuqukethwe, futhi bathole umculo omusha noma okuqukethwe kokuzijabulisa. (Iwebhusayithi: www.youtube.com) 3. I-Instagram: Ithandwa ngenxa yokukhanga kwayo nokulula, i-Instagram isithole ukuduma phakathi kwabantu baseTunisia ngokwabelana ngezithombe namavidiyo amafushane. Abasebenzisi bangalandela abangani babo noma osaziwayo/imikhiqizo/izinkanyezi eziyintandokazi ngenkathi bezibandakanya ngokuthandwa, ukuphawula, izindaba nokuningi! (Iwebhusayithi: www.instagram.com) 4. I-Twitter: Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwabelana ngemicabango ngezinhlamvu ezingu-280 noma ngaphansi kanye nama-hashtag (#), i-Twitter ingenye inkundla evelele esetshenziswa abantu baseTunisia abafuna ukuhlala benolwazi mayelana nezibuyekezo zezindaba zezombusazwe, imicimbi yezemidlalo nokuzibandakanya nezingxoxo zendawo/zomhlaba wonke ku-inthanethi! (Iwebhusayithi: www.twitter.com) 5. I-LinkedIn: Yaziwa njengengosi yokuxhumana yobungcweti enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni - i-LinkedIn ixhuma ochwepheshe abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene emhlabeni jikelele okuhlanganisa nemakethe yemisebenzi ephilayo yaseTunisia! Abasebenzisi bangakha amaphrofayili abo ochwepheshe agqamisa isipiliyoni/imfundo ngenkathi bexhuma/benethiwekhi ngobungcweti. 6.TikTok:TikTok inkundla edumile lapho abasebenzisi bengakha khona amavidiyo amafushane aqukethe izindlela zokudansa; ama-comedy skits; ama-duets enziwe eceleni kwamavidiyo abanye abasebenzisi; izingoma ezihambisana nezindebe zabaculi abadumile; njll. 7.I-Snapchat:I-Snapchat enye inkundla yezokuxhumana esetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi kwentsha yaseTunisia enikeza izici ezifana nokuthwebula izithombe/amavidiyo anyamalalayo ngemva kokubukwa (ngaphandle uma kulondoloziwe); ingxoxo/umlayezo wombhalo; ukudala izindaba kusetshenziswa izihlungi/amalensi aqondene nendawo ukuze wabelane ngezinto ezenzekayo ngaso leso sikhathi. 8.I-Telegram: I-Telegram iwuhlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo esheshayo oludumile e-Tunisia ngezici zalo zobumfihlo njengezingxoxo ezibethelwe ngasemaphethelweni, imiyalezo ezilimazayo, iziteshi zokusakaza ulwazi/izindaba nokuningi. Abantu baseTunisia bayisebenzisa ukuze bahlale bexhumekile, babelane ngamafayela/izithombe/amavidiyo esidlangalaleni noma ngasese! Sicela wazi ukuthi lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa nje zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezidumile e-Tunisia. Kungase kube nezinye izinkundla zendawo noma ukuhluka kwesifunda okuqondene nesimo sedijithali sase-Tunisia.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

I-Tunisia inezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlangano zezimboni ezimele imikhakha eyahlukene. Ezinye zezinhlangano eziyinhloko zezimboni eTunisia, kanye namakheli abo ewebhusayithi, yilezi: 1. Inyunyana yaseTunisia Yezimboni, Uhwebo Nezandla Zezandla (UTICA) - www.utica.org.tn I-UTICA ingenye yezinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni eTunisia futhi imele imikhakha eyahlukene okuhlanganisa ezokukhiqiza, ezohwebo nezobuciko. Ihlose ukukhuthaza amabhizinisi kanye nokusekela ukuthuthukiswa komnotho ezweni. 2. I-Tunisia Federation of Information Technology (FTICI) - www.ftici.org I-FTICI imele umkhakha we-IT e-Tunisia futhi isebenzela ukukhuthaza uguquko lwedijithali, ukugqugquzela ukusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngosizo ezinkampanini ezisebenza kulo mkhakha. 3. Inhlangano Yezimboni yaseTunisia (CTI) - www.confindustrietunisienne.org I-CTI yinhlangano emele izinkampani zezimboni emikhakheni ehlukene efana nokukhiqiza, izinto zokwakha, amakhemikhali, izindwangu, njll. Ifuna ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana ngokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlangano ezingamalungu. 4. Inhlangano Yezinkampani Zobuchwepheshe Bolwazi (ATIC) - www.atic.tn I-ATIC yinhlangano ethuthukisa izinsiza ze-IT nezisombululo zobuchwepheshe ezihlinzekwa izinkampani zaseTunisia kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe. 5. I-Tunisia Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCIT) - www.ccitunis.org.tn I-CCIT isebenza njengendikimba emele amabhizinisi kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene ngokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezifana nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha, imicimbi yokufanisa ibhizinisi kuyilapho futhi ibophezelekile ekukhipheni izitifiketi zemvelaphi. 6. Inhlangano Yesikhungo Sokukhuthaza Ukutshalwa Kwezimali Kwangaphandle (FIPA-Tunisia)-www.investintunisia.com I-FIPA-Tunisia inomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhuthaza amathuba otshalomali oluqondile angaphandle ngaphakathi kwe-Tunisia ngokugqamisa amandla ezwe njengendawo yebhizinisi kuyilapho ilungiselela izinqubo zokutshala izimali. 7 .Tunisian Federation E-commerce & Distance Selling(FTAVESCO-go )- https://ftavesco.tn/ Le nhlangano igxile ekukhuthazeni nasekuthuthukiseni imikhakha ye-e-commerce neyokuthengisa amabanga ezweni, isekela amalungu ayo ngokwabelana ngolwazi, amathuba okuxhumana, izinhlelo zokuqeqesha, kanye nokubhekana nanoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka okuhlobene nalezi zimboni. Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa zezinhlangano eziyinhloko zezimboni eTunisia. Inhlangano ngayinye idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni nasekusekeleni amabhizinisi emikhakheni yawo.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa ezomnotho nezohwebo ahlobene ne-Tunisia, ahlinzeka ngolwazi ngendawo yebhizinisi lezwe, amathuba okutshala imali, kanye nemisebenzi yohwebo. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa: 1. I-Tunisia Investment Authority (TIA) - Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-ejensi kahulumeni wase-Tunisia enesibopho sokuphromotha ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwamanye amazwe (i-FDI) emikhakheni eyahlukene yezomnotho. Iwebhusayithi http://www.tia.gov.tn/en/ 2. Isikhungo Sokukhuthaza Ukuthekelisa (CEPEX) - Le nkundla inikeza ulwazi oluphelele ngamathuba okuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe e-Tunisia, amathrendi ezimakethe, izinkomba zebhizinisi, nemicimbi yohwebo. Iwebhusayithi https://www.cepex.nat.tn/ 3. I-Tunisia Union of Agriculture and Fisheries (UTAP) - Isizindalwazi sigxile emikhiqizweni yezolimo nezimboni zokudoba e-Tunisia, ehlinzeka ngezinsiza kubatshalizimali basekhaya nabamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi http://www.utap.org.tn/index.php/en/home-english 4. IBhange Elikhulu LaseTunisia (BCT) - Njengebhange elikhulu lezwe, le webhusayithi inikeza izinkomba zomnotho, izibuyekezo zezinqubomgomo zezimali, imithetho yezikhungo zezezimali ezisebenza e-Tunisia. Iwebhusayithi https://www.bct.gov.tn/site_en/cat/37 5. I-Tunis Stock Exchange - Lena inkundla esemthethweni lapho abatshalizimali bengahlola khona amaphrofayili ezinkampani ezisohlwini, imibiko yezimakethe zamasheya, ukusebenza kwezinkomba kanye nolwazi lokulawula lokufinyelela oluhlobene nokuhweba ngezibambiso. Iwebhusayithi http://bvmt.com.tn/ 6. Umnyango Wezimboni Amandla Nezimayini - Lo mnyango kahulumeni wengamela amaphrojekthi okuthuthukiswa kwezimboni emikhakheni eminingana efana nokukhiqiza kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Iwebhusayithi http://www.miematunisie.com/en/ 7. UMnyango Wezohwebo Nokuthuthukiswa Kokuthekelisa - Ugxile ekukhuthazeni ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana phakathi kwamazwe amabili kuyilapho unikeza ukusekelwa amabhizinisi kazwelonke ngezinhlelo nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene. Iwebhusayithi http://trade.gov.tn/?lang=en Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lawa mawebhusayithi angaphansi koshintsho noma angadinga ukuhunyushwa kusuka olimini lwawo loqobo ukuya esiNgisini njengoba ezinye izigaba zingatholakala kuphela ngesi-Arabhu noma ngesi-French, izilimi ezisemthethweni zase-Tunisia.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa edatha yezohwebo atholakalayo ukuze abuze ulwazi mayelana neTunisia. Nalu uhlu lwabathile abavelele: 1. I-National Institute of Statistics (INS): Isiphathimandla sezibalo esisemthethweni e-Tunisia sinikeza idatha yokuhweba ephelele kuwebhusayithi yaso. Ungafinyelela kuyo ku-www.ins.tn/en/Trade-data. 2. Isikhungo Sohwebo Samazwe Ngamazwe (ITC): I-ITC inikeza idatha yohwebo ebanzi kanye nobuhlakani bemakethe emazweni ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa neTunisia. Vakashela iwebhusayithi yabo ku-www.intracen.org ukuze ufinyelele izibalo zokuhweba zaseTunisia. 3. I-World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS): Le nkundla inikeza imininingwane yohwebo enemininingwane eminingi evela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene yamazwe ngamazwe, okuhlanganisa iNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene kanye neBhange Lomhlaba. Ungavakashela iwebhusayithi yabo ku-wits.worldbank.org bese ukhetha i-Tunisia njengezwe olithandayo. 4. Imikhuba Yase-Tunisia: Isizindalwazi se-Tunisia Customs sinikeza ulwazi oluthile oluhlobene nemisebenzi yokungenisa-ngaphandle, imisebenzi yentela, amanani entengo, imithethonqubo, nokunye. Thola ingosi yabo yezohwebo ku-www.douane.gov.tn/en ngesiNgisi noma khetha isiFulentshi ngokuthanda kwakho. 5. I-United Nations Comtrade Database: Le nkundla ihlanganisa izibalo zohwebo lwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe ezivela emazweni angaphezu kuka-200 nezindawo, okuhlanganisa ne-Tunisia. Phequlula imininingo yabo egciniwe ku-comtrade.un.org/data/ bese ukhetha okuthi "Tunisia" ngaphansi kwesigaba sokukhetha izwe. 6.Ibhizinisi laseSweden: Ibhizinisi laseSweden yinkampani yomhlaba wonke enikezela ngemininingwane yemakethe yamabhizinisi anentshisekelo yokuhweba namazwe ahlukene emhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa nemibiko yokuhlaziywa kwemakethe yaseTunisia ku-export.gov/globalmarkets/country-guides/. Lezi izinketho ezimbalwa ezitholakalayo zokufinyelela idatha yezohwebo e-Tunisia; iwebhusayithi ngayinye inezici zayo ezihlukile nezindlela zokuqoqa ezihlangabezana nezidingo noma izintandokazi ezahlukene uma kuziwa ekukhipheni ulwazi olufanele mayelana nemisebenzi yokuhweba yaleli zwe.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

I-Tunisia, etholakala eNyakatho Afrika, inezinkundla ezimbalwa ze-B2B ezisiza ukuthengiselana kwebhizinisi nokuxhumana phakathi kwabathengi nabaphakeli. Lezi zinkundla zihlose ukukhuthaza ezohwebo nokuthuthukiswa komnotho ezweni. Nawa amanye amapulatifomu e-B2B atholakala eTunisia namawebhusayithi awo ahlukahlukene: 1. I-Bizerte Industry Park (BIP) - https://www.bizertepark.com/index-en.html I-BIP iyinkundla ye-B2B egxile ekukhuthazeni imisebenzi yezimboni kanye nokuxhumanisa izinkampani ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwesifunda sase-Bizerte. Ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene njengezinkomba zebhizinisi, izindaba zemboni, namathuluzi okwenza ukufanisa. 2. I-Tunis Business Hub (TBH) - http://www.tunisbusinesshub.com/en/ I-TBH wuhla lwemibhalo lwe-inthanethi oluphelele olubonisa izinkampani zaseTunisia ezivela emikhakheni eyahlukene. Ihlinzeka ngenkundla yokuthi amabhizinisi axhumane nabangase babe ozakwethu noma abahlinzeki bempahla ngokusebenzisa amakhono okusesha namafomu okubuza. 3. SOTTEX - http://sottex.net/eng/ I-SOTTEX iyindawo yemakethe yezindwangu eku-inthanethi exhumanisa abakhiqizi bezindwangu baseTunisia nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Inkundla inikeza amaphrofayili anemininingwane yabakhiqizi, ukufakwa kuhlu kwemikhiqizo, kanye namathuluzi okuxhumana okuxoxisana okuqondile. 4. Medilab Tunisia - https://medilabtunisia.com/ I-Medilab Tunisia isebenza njengenkundla ye-B2B eklanyelwe umkhakha wezokwelapha e-Tunisia. Ivumela ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuthi bathole okokusebenza kwezokwelapha, izinsiza, imithi, noma imikhiqizo ehlobene nezindawo ngokuzixhuma nabahlinzeki bendawo. 5. Imisebenzi ye-Tanit - https://tanitjobs.com/ Nakuba ingagxilile kuphela ekwenziweni kwe-B2B njengamanye amapulatifomu ashiwo ngenhla, i-Tanit Jobs inikeza isevisi ebalulekile ngokusebenza njengengosi yemisebenzi ehamba phambili e-Tunisia lapho amabhizinisi angathola khona abantu abafanelekayo ukuze benze izindima ezithile. Lezi ezinye nje zezibonelo zamapulatifomu e-B2B akhona e-Tunisia abhekelela izimboni nemikhakha eyahlukene emnothweni wezwe. Ukuhlola lawa mawebhusayithi kuzokunikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe futhi kukusize uxhumane namabhizinisi aseTunisia ukuze uthole ukusebenzelana okungenzeka kube khona noma amathuba okuhweba.
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