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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
ICuba, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhulikhi yaseCuba, iyizwe eliyisiqhingi elisoLwandle lweCaribbean. Yisiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke eCaribbean futhi inendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angaba ngu-110,860. Izwe liseningizimu yeFlorida e-United States. ICuba inabantu ababalelwa ezigidini eziyi-11.3, okuyenza ibe ngelinye lamazwe anabantu abaningi esifundeni saseCaribbean. Inhloko-dolobha nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke yiHavana enendawo yamasiko enempilo kanye nezakhiwo zamakholoni. Ulimi olusemthethweni olukhulunywa eCuba iSpanishi, kanti imali yalo ibizwa ngeCuban Peso (CUP). Nokho, kunezinhlobo zemali ezimbili ezihlukene ezisebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa: I-Cuban Convertible Peso (CUC) esetshenziswa kakhulu izivakashi namabhizinisi angaphandle. ICuba, eyaziwa ngomlando wayo ocebile namasiko ahlukahlukene, inengxubevange yamathonya avela kubantu bomdabu, ukubusa kwamakoloni aseSpain, amasiko ase-Afrika alethwa yizigqila, kanye nesiko le-pop laseMelika ngenxa yokuba seduze kwe-United States. Le nhlanganisela idala ukuhlonza okuhlukile kwe-Cuba okungabonakala ngezitayela zayo zomculo njenge-salsa ne-rumba noma kufakazwe phakathi nemikhosi yendabuko efana neCarnival. Umnotho waseCuba uthembele kakhulu ezimbonini ezifana nezolimo (ukukhiqizwa komoba), izinsiza zezokuvakasha, ukuthengiswa kwemithi, kanye nemisebenzi yezimayini ikakhulukazi ukucwenga i-nickel. Yize libhekene nezinselelo zomnotho ngenxa yemikhawulo yezohwebo ebekwe amazwe athile afana ne-United States amashumi eminyaka ambalwa, leli zwe lisagcina uhlelo lwemfundo yamahhala okuhlanganisa namanyuvesi emfundo ephakeme ngaphandle kwenkokhiso kubafundi, kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwendawo yonke okufinyeleleka kuzo zonke izakhamizi mahhala. Uma kukhulunywa ngezindawo eziheha izivakashi, iCuba inikeza amabhishi acwebile anamanzi acwebile acwebile ngasogwini lwayo, amadolobha agcwele izakhiwo ezimibalabala zamakholoni ezihlanganisa ne-UNESCO World Heritage Sites njenge-Old Havana, amasimu kagwayi adume ngokukhiqiza ogwayi abadumile baseCuba, amapaki kazwelonke ahlinzeka nge-eco-tourism. amathuba, nezimoto zakudala zisazulazula emigwaqweni zenza izinto ezigcwele ukulangazelela. Ukuvakasha eCuba kunikeza abavakashi amathuba okuhlola izindawo zomlando, izindawo zomculo, amagalari obuciko obuhle, imikhosi yamasiko, nezimangaliso zemvelo, kuyilapho bejabulela imfudumalo yabantu bayo. kanye nesiko lendawo eliqhakazile.
Imali Yezwe
ICuba iyizwe elitholakala eCaribbean, futhi imali yalo esemthethweni yiCuban convertible peso (CUC). Uhulumeni waseCuba wethula i-CUC ngowe-1994 ukuze ithathele indawo ukusetshenziswa kwezimali zakwamanye amazwe okwakudlangile ngaleso sikhathi. Le mali yayisetshenziswa kakhulu izivakashi kanye nabakwamanye amazwe abavakashela eCuba. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kunezinhlobo zemali ezimbili ezihlukene ezisatshalaliswa ngaphakathi kwezwe: i-CUC kanye ne-Cuban peso (CUP). Yize zombili zingamathenda asemthethweni, zinamanani ahlukene. I-CUC eyodwa ilingana nama-pesos aseCuba angama-25. I-CUC isetshenziswa kakhulu izivakashi ukwenza izinto ezahlukahlukene njengokuhlala emahhotela, ukudla ezindaweni zokudlela, ukuthenga ezitolo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nezinye izinkonzo eziqondiswe kubavakashi bamazwe ngamazwe. Inenani eliphezulu uma iqhathaniswa nepeso yaseCuba futhi ikhokhwe ngqo kudola laseMelika. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu bendawo ikakhulukazi basebenzisa i-Cuban pesos ekuthengiseni kwabo kwansuku zonke. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthenga igilosa ezimakethe zendawo, ukukhokha imali yokugibela yezokuthutha zomphakathi, noma ukusebenzelana nabathengisi basemgwaqweni abathengisa izinto ezinenani lemali yendawo. Kuhle ukubalula ukuthi kunezinhlelo eziqhubekayo zikahulumeni waseCuba zokuqeda lolu hlelo lwezimali ezimbili futhi siqhubekele ohlelweni lwezimali oluhlangene. Nakuba ungekho umugqa wesikhathi othize obekiwe walolu shintsho kuze kube manje, ungase ube nomthelela kubahlali nabavakashi abavakashela e-Cuba. Kusukela manje, lapho uya eCuba njengesivakashi noma uqhuba imisebenzi yezezimali ezweni njengesivakashi samazwe ngamazwe noma umhlali ovela kwamanye amazwe, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zinhlobo zemali ezimbili ezihlukene -i-CUC esetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu bangaphandle uma usebenzisa i-pesos yendawo uma usebenzisana. nabantu bendawo ngokuthenga noma amasevisi athile.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali esemthethweni yaseCuba yiCuban Peso (CUP). Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iCuba isebenzisa enye iyunithi yemali, iCuban Convertible Peso (CUC), esetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuthengiselana kwamanye amazwe. Mayelana namazinga okushintshaniswa kwezimali zomhlaba ezinkulu uma kuqhathaniswa nemali yase-Cuba, sicela uqaphele idatha elandelayo (ukuze uyibhekise) : - Izinga lokushintshisana kwedola laseMelika ukuya ku-Peso yaseCuba eguqulekayo licishe libe yidola laseMelika elingu-1 =1 CUC. - Izinga lokushintshisana kwe-euro ku-peso yaseCuba eguqulekayo licishe libe yi-Euro eyi-1 =1.18 CUC. - Izinga lokushintshisana lepondo laseBrithani ukuya epeso yaseCuba eguqukayo licishe libe iphawundi elingu-1 =1.31 CUC. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushintshisana kanye nomehluko omncane okungenzeka phakathi kwezikhungo zezezimali ezihlukene, idatha engenhla ingeyereferensi kuphela. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olunembile nolwakamuva lwezinga lokushintshisana, sicela uthintane nebhange langakini noma umhlinzeki wesevisi ye-forex.
Amaholide Abalulekile
I-Cuba, izwe eligcwele amasiko e-Caribbean, igubha inani lamaholide abalulekile unyaka wonke. Le mikhosi ikhombisa umlando ocebile, amasiko ahlukahlukene, nokuzigqaja kwezwe laseCuba. Elinye lamaholide abaluleke kakhulu eCuba uSuku Lokuzimela ngoMeyi 20. Lolu suku luphawula isikhumbuzo seminyaka lapho i-Cuba ithola khona inkululeko ku-Spain ngo-1902. Le migubho ihlanganisa ama-parade, amaculo omculo abonisa izinhlobo zomculo zendabuko zase-Cuba ezifana ne-salsa nendodana, kanye nokubukisa kweziqhumane. Kuwumcimbi wenjabulo lapho abantu behlangana ndawonye ukuze bakhumbule inkululeko yesizwe sabo. Omunye umkhosi obalulekile eCuba yi-Revolution Day ngoJulayi 26. Leli holidi likhumbula ukuqala kweNguquko yaseCuba eyayiholwa nguFidel Castro ngo-1953 ngokumelene nomashiqela uFulgencio Batista. Imicimbi eyahlukene ihlelwa ezweni lonke ukuhlonipha lo mcimbi ongokomlando, njengemibukiso yezempi ekhombisa umoya onamandla wenguquko waseCuba kanye nemibukiso yamasiko egqamisa amakhono obuciko endawo. I-Carnival nayo iyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko laseCuba eligujwa ezifundazweni eziningi phakathi noJulayi no-Agasti unyaka ngamunye. Imikhosi ihlanganisa udwendwe lwasemgwaqweni olumibalabala olunemvunulo ewubukhazikhazi nokuntanta okuhambisana nomculo ogqamile nemidanso efana ne-rumba noma i-conga. I-Carnival ihlanganisa umoya ophilayo wamasiko aseCuba kuyilapho ikhuthaza ubunye phakathi kwemiphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uKhisimusi unokubaluleka okukhulu kubantu baseCuba ngenxa yezimpande zabo zenkolo ezihlanganiswe namasiko ayingqayizivele athonywa amasiko ase-Afrika nawaseCaribbean. Abantu bagubha u-Nochebuena (Ubusuku Bangaphambi kukaKhisimusi) ngamadili ahlanganisa ukudla kwesintu okunjengenyama yengulube egazingiwe (lechón) ephelezelwa i-yuca con mojo (yuca nesosi kagalikhi). Imindeni ibuthana eMiseni laphakathi kwamabili elandelwa imisebenzi yemikhosi ehlanganisa namaculo afanekisela umoya wenjabulo kaKhisimusi. Amanye amaholide aphawulekayo ahlanganisa uSuku LukaNcibijane (Januwari 1), Usuku Lwabasebenzi (Meyi 1st), Usuku Lokunqoba (Januwari 2), phakathi kwamanye agujwa ezweni lonke noma esifundeni. Le mikhosi ayisebenzi nje kuphela njengamathuba kubantu baseCuba ukuveza amagugu abo amasiko kodwa futhi iheha izivakashi ezifuna ulwazi olujulile emasikweni aphilayo esizwe. Amaholide abalulekile e-Cuba akhombisa umlando onothile wezwe, ukuqina, nomoya wentshiseko oqhubeka nokukhuthaza abantu bakhona.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
ICuba iyizwe elisendaweni yaseCaribbean, elaziwa ngohlelo lwalo oluhlukile lwezepolitiki nezomnotho. Izwe selibhekane nezinselelo ezahlukene ezithinta ezohwebo ngenxa yemigomo yalo yezenhlalakahle kanye nobudlelwano bomlando namanye amazwe. Uzakwethu oyinhloko wokuhweba wase-Cuba yi-Venezuela, ebamba ingxenye enkulu yokungenisa nokuthekelisa kwayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuntengantenga kwezepolitiki nezomnotho okuqhubekayo eVenezuela kuthinte ubudlelwano bezohwebo baseCuba nalo mlingani obalulekile. Eminyakeni yakamuva, iCuba ibigxile ekuhlukaniseni abalingani bayo abahwebayo ukuze kwehliswe ukuthembela ezweni elilodwa. Iqinise ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana namazwe anjengeChina, iRussia, iSpain, iCanada, iMexico, iBrazil, neVietnam. Lezi zizwe seziphenduke imithombo ebalulekile yokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe kanye nobuchwepheshe emnothweni waseCuba. I-Cuba ithengisa kakhulu ngaphandle impahla efana ne-nickel ores kanye ne-concentrates, imikhiqizo kagwayi (ikakhulukazi ugwayi), imikhiqizo yezokwelapha (okuhlanganisa nemithi), imikhiqizo kashukela (njenge-molasses noshukela oluhlaza), ukudla kwasolwandle (okufana nezibopho zezinhlanzi), izithelo ze-citrus (njengamawolintshi), ikhofi ubhontshisi, rum, uju, phakathi kwabanye. Lokhu kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kusiza ukukhiqiza imali yezwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Cuba ithembele kakhulu ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe ukuze ihlangabezane nesidingo sasekhaya sezimpahla ezibalulekile engakwazi ukuzikhiqiza endaweni.Lokhu kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo kaphethiloli, eyenza ikwazi ngezivumelwano ne-Venezuela, kanye nokudla okunjengokolweni, ummbila, ubisi, nobhontshisi wesoya. bekubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhiqiza kwezolimo okubangelwa izici ezifana namasu okulima aphelelwe yisikhathi, ukuntuleka kwezinsiza, abalimi abambalwa, nezinhlekelele zemvelo ezithinta izitshalo. Ngokwandisa izinguquko zezolimo, iCuba ihlose ukunciphisa ukuthembela ekuthengeni ukudla kwamanye amazwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Ngenxa yesimo samanje Izijeziso zase-US ezibekwe ngaphansi koMthetho we-Helms-Burton, izimpahla zaseCuba azikwazi ukufinyelela izimakethe zase-US ngokugcwele, okuholela emathubeni alinganiselwe. Ukubamba iqhaza kwayo ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe kuhlala kuphazamisekile ngenxa yale mikhawulo. Sengiphetha, i-Cuba ibhekene nezinselelo eziningi eziphathelene nohwebo kodwa yenza imizamo yokwehlukanisa ubudlelwano bayo. Iziphathimandla zase-Cuba ziyaqhubeka nokusebenzela ukwandisa izimboni zazo ezithumela kwamanye amazwe ngesikhathi zithuthukisa umkhakha wezolimo wezwe ukuze kwehliswe ukuthembela ekuthengeni impahla evela kwamanye amazwe.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
I-Cuba, etholakala eCaribbean, inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngesimo sayo esiyingqayizivele sezepolitiki nezomnotho, iCuba inikeza uhla lwamathuba kubatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe nabathumela kwamanye amazwe. Okokuqala, iCuba inendawo enamasu okuma kwezwe phakathi kweNyakatho Melika neLatin America. Lokhu kuyenza ibe isizinda sohwebo phakathi kwalezi zifunda. Izikhumulo zemikhumbi ezixhumeke kahle zezwe zinikeza ukufinyelela okulula kuzo zombili iMelika kanye ne-Europe, kube lula ukuhwebelana nezimakethe eziningi. Okwesibili, iCuba inezinsiza zemvelo ezinothile njenge-nickel, umoba, ugwayi, ikhofi, nokudla kwasolwandle. Lezi zinsiza zingathunyelwa ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zomhlaba wonke. Isibonelo, ogwayi baseCuba bafunwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yekhwalithi yabo nobuciko babo. Okwesithathu, iCuba inabasebenzi abanamakhono abanekhono emikhakheni eyahlukene okuhlanganisa izinsiza zezempilo kanye ne-biotechnology. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bezwe bathole ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke ngobungcweti babo. Njengoba isidingo sezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezisezingeni eliphezulu siqhubeka sikhula emhlabeni wonke, i-Cuba ingahlola ukuthumela ngaphandle ubuchwepheshe bayo bezokwelapha ngokusebenzisana noma ukusungula imitholampilo yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Imboni yezokuvakasha yaseCuba ikhula ngokushesha kusukela ebuhlotsheni obujwayelekile ne-United States eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ukwanda kwezivakashi ezifikayo kunikeza ithuba osomabhizinisi bangaphandle ukuthi batshale imali emahhotela, izindawo zokudlela, nezinsiza zokuhamba. Izimboni eziphathelene nezokuvakasha zinikeza ithuba elikhulu lokukhula njengoba izivakashi eziningi ezivela emhlabeni wonke zithola lokho iCuba engayinikeza. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi naphezu kwalezi zinselelo ezingase zibe khona ngenxa yalokho kwezinye izici ezifana nokufinyelela okulinganiselwe ezinsizeni zezikweletu, izinhlelo ezixubile zamalungelo empahla, kanye ne-bureaucracy. Lezi zithiyo kufanele zixazululwe yizo zombili iziphathimandla zaseCuba ezikhuthaza izinguquko kanye nozakwethu abangaba bamazwe angaphandle abatshala imali kule makethe. Sengiphetha, imithombo yemvelo ehlukahlukene yaseCuba, indawo enamasu, imboni yezokuvakasha eqinile, kanye nabasebenzi abanamakhono kuletha amandla amakhulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe imakethe.Nokho, kubalulekile ukuze abathintekayo baqonde kahle Isiko laseCuba, izinqubomgomo, nemithethonqubo ngaphambi kokungena emabhizinisini. Njengoba izinguquko eziqhubekayo ziqhubeka, izwe linesithembiso njengemakethe esafufusa enamathuba okuhweba nokutshalwa kwezimali.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Ukukhetha imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu yemakethe yezohwebo yangaphandle yaseCuba kudinga ucwaningo lwemakethe olucophelelayo nokuqonda izimo zomnotho wezwe. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha imikhiqizo yemakethe yaseCuba: 1. Imikhawulo yokungenisa elizweni: Qonda imithethonqubo nemikhawulo yaseCuba yokungenisa ukuze ugweme ukukhetha imikhiqizo engase ibhekane nezithiyo noma amanani entengo aphezulu. Gxila ezimpahleni ezidingeka kakhulu futhi ezinemikhawulo embalwa. 2. Amaphethini okusetshenziswa: Hlaziya imikhuba yokusetshenziswa kwenani labantu baseCuba ukuze uhlonze izigaba zomkhiqizo ezinesidingo esikhulu. Cabangela izinto ezibalulekile ezifana nokudla, izingubo zokugqoka, imithi, nezinto zikagesi zabathengi. 3. Okuthandwa ngamasiko: Hlonipha isiko nomphakathi waseCuba ngokunikela ngemikhiqizo ehambisana nalokho abakuthandayo. Cabangela uthando lwabo ngomculo, ubuciko, izinto zezemidlalo, imisebenzi yezandla yesintu, ugwayi, nerum. 4. Ubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo: I-Cuba ishintshela emithonjeni yamandla ahlanzekile ngenxa yokuzibophezela kwayo ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Hlola amathuba kubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo njengamaphaneli elanga noma izinjini zomoya. 5.Imishini yokuxhuma i-inthanethi: Njengoba ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi kwanda e-Cuba, kunesidingo esikhulayo samadivayisi afana nama-smartphone, amaphilisi, amarutha/amamodemu noma izisetshenziswa ezihlobene. 6.Imikhiqizo elungele imvelo: Ngokuqwashisa ngokukhula kwemvelo emhlabeni wonke, abantu baseCuba bajabulela nezinto ezivumelana nemvelo ezihlanganisa izinto zokupakisha ezingaboli, izingubo zakudala, ikhofi elithengiswayo noma umkhiqizo wemvelo. 7.Impahla/izimpahla zokunakekelwa kwezempilo: Umkhakha wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uvamise ukudinga izinsiza zokwelapha ezifana nemaski, amagilavu, izinto zokuzivikela (ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sobhubhane), imithi, amathuluzi okuxilonga, imibhede yasesibhedlela, namathuluzi ezokwelapha. 8.Imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yezolimo: I-Cuba ithembele kakhulu ekungeniseni impahla yezolimo njengerayisi, ukolweni, udali, ummbila, amabele njll. 9.Izinsiza zemfundo:I-Cuba ibeka ukubaluleka okukhulu kwezemfundo.Khomba izinsiza zemfundo njengezifundiso zezincwadi, amakhompyutha aphathekayo/izinsiza,impahla yasekilasini,amathuluzi okufunda edijithali njll.ukuthuthukisa izinsiza zemfundo. 10.Imikhiqizo ehlobene nezokuvakasha:Imboni yezokuvakasha yaseCuba ikhula ngokushesha.Hlola amathuba ekuhlinzekeni ngemikhiqizo efanele efana nezinsiza zasebhishi(omata be-yoga, amathawula),izinto eziyisikhumbuzo,imisebenzi yezandla yendawo nezinye izinto ezihambisana nezokuvakasha. Kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo olunzulu lwezimakethe, ukusungula ukuxhumana okuqinile kwezamabhizinisi nozakwethu bendawo, nokuthobela imithethonqubo ukuze uphumelele emakethe yokuhwebelana yangaphandle yaseCuba.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
ICuba, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi yiRiphabhulikhi yaseCuba, iyizwe eliyingqayizivele elise-Caribbean. Inezici zayo ezihlukile zekhasimende kanye nemikhuba yamasiko okufanele izivakashi zikuqaphele. Uma kukhulunywa ngezici zamakhasimende, abantu baseCuba baziwa ngokungenisa izihambi kanye nemvelo efudumele. Ngokuvamile banobungane futhi bamukela izivakashi. Abantu baseCuba bayakwazisa ukuba nesizotha, ngakho kubalulekile ukubingelela abantu ngokumamatheka futhi ubonise inhlonipho ngamasiko namasiko abo. Umphakathi waseCuba ubeka ukubaluleka okukhulu ebudlelwaneni bomuntu siqu, obuguqulela nasekuxhumaneni kwezamabhizinisi. Ukwakha ukwethembana nokusungula ukuxhumana komuntu siqu kubalulekile lapho usebenzisana namakhasimende aseCuba. Ukuzinika isikhathi sokuhlanganyela enkulumweni encane ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngezindaba zebhizinisi kungahamba ibanga elide ekwakheni ubuhlobo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela izithiyo ezithile zamasiko eCuba. Esinye isiphikiso esikhulu simayelana nezingxoxo zezepolitiki. Njengezwe lamaKhomanisi, ukugxekwa komphakathi noma imibono engemihle ngepolitiki kungabonakala njengokungahloniphi noma okucasulayo kubantu abaningi baseCuba. Kungcono ukugwema ukuzibandakanya ezingxoxweni zezepolitiki ngaphandle uma ziqalwa abantu bendawo. Inkolo nayo idlala indima ebalulekile esikweni laseCuba, ngakho ukuhlonipha izinkolelo zenkolo kubalulekile. Izivakashi kufanele ziqaphele ukuthi zingahleki noma zingadeleli noma yimiphi imikhuba yenkolo ezihlangana nayo phakathi nokuhlala kwazo. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuthi abavakashi baseCuba bangeqi imingcele lapho behlola izindawo zasendaweni noma bethwebula abantu ngaphandle kwemvume. Ukuhlonipha ubumfihlo nokufuna imvume ngaphambi kokuthatha izithombe zabantu ngabanye noma impahla yabo kukhombisa isimilo esifanele. Kafushane, ukuqonda izici ezithile ezibalulekile zamakhasimende amaCuba kuzothuthukisa ulwazi lwakho ngenkathi uvakashela leli zwe elihle. Ukuba nesizotha, ukwakha ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu obusekelwe ekwethembeni, ukugwema izingxoxo zezombangazwe ngaphandle kwalapho ziqalwe abantu bendawo, ukuhlonipha izinkolelo zenkolo nobumfihlo kuyizici ezibalulekile zokusebenzelana namakhasimende aseCuba ngempumelelo.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
ICuba iyizwe eliseCaribbean elaziwa ngesiko lalo eliyingqayizivele namabhishi amangalisayo. Njenganoma yiliphi elinye izwe, i-Cuba inesethi yemithetho nemithetho yamasiko okufanele izivakashi ziyithobele lapho zingena futhi ziphuma ezweni. Lapho befika eCuba, zonke izivakashi kudingeka zidlule ekulawuleni kwabokufika. Lokhu kubandakanya ukwethula ipasipoti yakho evumelekile, i-visa (uma ikhona), kanye nokugcwalisa ifomu lokungenela elihlinzekwe yiziphathimandla. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi ipasipoti yakho isebenza okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha ngemuva kosuku ohlose ukusuka ngalo. Imithethonqubo yeCustoms eCuba iyakwenqabela ukuletha izinto ezithile ezweni noma ukuzithumela ngaphandle kwemvume. Lezi zinto ezikhawulelwe zihlanganisa izidakamizwa, izibhamu nezinhlamvu, izithombe zocansi, iziqhumane, izithelo, imifino, izitshalo, izilwane noma imikhiqizo yazo ngaphandle kwemibhalo efanele evela kuziphathimandla ezifanele. Kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza le mikhawulo ngaphambi kokuhamba ukuze ugweme noma yiziphi izinkinga phakathi nohambo lwakho. I-Cuba inemithethonqubo ethile mayelana nokungeniswa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe. Izivakashi zivunyelwe ukuletha inani elingenamkhawulo lezinhlobo zemali zamazwe ngamazwe ezweni kodwa kufanele zimemezele noma yiliphi inani elingaphezu kuka-5,000 we-Cuban convertible pesos (CUC). I-CUC ilingana nedola laseMelika futhi isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi izivakashi ezingaphakathi kwe-Cuba. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphambanisi i-CUC ne-Cuban pesos (CUP), esetshenziswa ikakhulukazi abantu bendawo ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Nakuba ukushiya i-Cuba kungase kungabi namandla njengezinqubomgomo zamanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele, kusabalulekile ukuhlonipha imithetho yabo lapho besuka. Lapho besuka ezikhumulweni zezindiza noma ezikhumulweni zemikhumbi zase-Cuba, abahambi bangase babhekane nokuhlolwa kwempahla futhi lapho bezodinga khona irisidi esho noma yikuphi ukuthenga okwenziwa ngesikhathi use-Cuba ngaphezu komkhawulo othile obekwe umthetho wase-Cuba. Kuhlale kuwukuhlakanipha ukuthi abavakashi abavakashela noma yiliphi izwe langaphandle ukuze bacwaninge futhi baqonde imithetho yendawo ngaphambi kokuthatha uhambo lwabo - kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho ngenkathi kugwenywa izinkinga ezingase ziphakame ngenxa yokungazi lutho ngezinqubo zamasiko endawo. Ngokuqaphela le mithetho futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uyayithobela, izivakashi zingajabulela okuhlangenwe nakho okushelelayo nokungenazinkinga e-Cuba.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-Cuba, njengezwe lezenhlalakahle, yamukele inqubomgomo eyingqayizivele yentela yezimpahla eziphuma kwamanye amazwe. Uhulumeni waseCuba uhlose ukuvikela izimboni zasekhaya kanye nokukhuthaza ukuzimela ngokukhokhisa intela eningi evela kwamanye amazwe ezimpahleni ezihlukahlukene. Izilinganiso zentela yokungenisa e-Cuba ngokuvamile zisekelwe enanini lempahla ethengiswayo evela kwamanye amazwe. Amanani angahluka kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo kanye nemvelaphi yawo. Ukwengeza, i-Cuba yenze izivumelwano zokuhwebelana namazwe athile ezivumela ukuncipha noma ukungabikho kwentela ezimpahleni ezithile. I-Cuba intela kakhulu izimpahla zikanokusho ezifana nogesi wezinga eliphezulu, izimoto, nezingubo zomklami. Lezi zinto zivame ukuba nezindleko ezengeziwe ezifika ku-100% noma ngaphezulu, okwenza zibize kakhulu kubathengi baseCuba. Izidingo eziyisisekelo ezifana nokudla nemithi zinamazinga aphansi entela njengoba uhulumeni ehlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyafinyeleleka. Nokho, ngisho nalezi zinto ezibalulekile zingaphansi kwezinga elithile lentela. Eminyakeni yakamuva, i-Cuba iphinde yethula izinxephezelo zentela ukukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali emikhakheni ethile. Isibonelo, abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe ababandakanyeka ezimbonini ezifana nezokuvakasha noma ezolimo bangathola ikhefu lentela noma amanani entengo akhethekile okungenisa imishini nezinto zokusebenza ezihlobene namaphrojekthi abo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenxa yesistimu yezomnotho yase-Cuba ebonakala ngokulawula kombuso phezu kwezohwebo kanye nokufinyelela okulinganiselwe ezindaweni ezigciniwe zemali yangaphandle, kungase kube nemikhawulo eyengeziwe nemithethonqubo enomthelela ekuthengisweni ngaphandle kwezintela nje kuphela. Sekukonke, inqubomgomo yentela yezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle yaseCuba ibonisa imizamo yayo yokwanelisa ukuzimela kuyilapho ilinganisa isidingo sempahla ebalulekile evela phesheya.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
I-Cuba iyizwe elitholakala esifundeni sase-Caribbean, futhi izinqubomgomo zayo zentela yokuthumela ngaphandle zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komnotho walo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimboni zasekhaya futhi kugxilwe ekuthengisweni kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, i-Cuba isebenzise izindlela ezehlukene zentela yokuthumela ngaphandle. Lezi zinqubomgomo zihlose ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ezengeza inani elibalulekile emnothweni kuyilapho zingakukhuthazi ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yokusetshenziswa emazweni angaphandle. Isici esisodwa esibalulekile senqubomgomo yentela yokuthekelisa yaseCuba wuhlelo lwentela oluhlukanisayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpahla ezihlukene zingaphansi kwamazinga entela ahlukahlukene ngokusekelwe ekubalukeni kwazo kwezomnotho kanye nokubaluleka kwamasu e-Cuba. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo enenani eliphakeme elingeziwe njengemithi, imikhiqizo ye-biotechnology, nemikhiqizo ye-petroleum ecolisisiwe ingase ibe ngaphansi kwezilinganiso zentela eziphansi noma ikhululwe ezintela ngokuphelele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinto eziyisisekelo noma izinto ezingavuthiwe njengomkhiqizo wezolimo noma izinsiza zemvelo zingase zibhekane nentela ephezulu. Lelisu likhuthaza izimboni zasekhaya zokucubungula nokukhiqiza ngokuzinikeza inzuzo yokuncintisana ngaphezu kokuthumela impahla eluhlaza ngokuqondile. Ukwengeza, i-Cuba iphinde inikeze izinxephezelo zentela kubathumeli bangaphandle abasebenza emikhakheni ethize ehlonzwe njengezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezwe. Le mikhakha ingabandakanya izinsizakalo zezokuvakasha, izinsizakalo zezokwelapha ezinikezwa phesheya ngochwepheshe baseCuba, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini yezokuxhumana, phakathi kokunye. Ngokuhlinzeka ngalezi zikhuthazo ezifana nokukhululwa enteleni noma izintela ezincishisiwe zenzuzo etholwe ngokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwale mikhakha ebalulekile kuphinde kuhehe ukutshalwa kwezimali kulezi zindawo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinqubomgomo zentela yaseCuba yokuthumela ngaphandle zingashintsha kuye ngezinjongo zomnotho kazwelonke kanye nezimo zemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngakho-ke kuyanconywa ukuthi amabhizinisi anentshisekelo yokuthumela ngaphandle esuka e-Cuba aqaphe ngokucophelela noma yiziphi izibuyekezo noma izinguquko ezenziwa iziphathimandla zase-Cuba mayelana nezinqubomgomo zabo zentela. Sekukonke, ngohlelo lwayo lwentela oluhlukanisayo kanye nezikhuthazi ezikhethekile ezinikezwa imikhakha ebalulekile ebekwe eqhulwini ukuze kufezeke izinhloso zentuthuko kazwelonke; I-Cuba ihlose ukudala indawo enokuncintisana kakhudlwana yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe okunenani eliphezulu ngenkathi ingakhuthazi ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe okusekelwe ezinsizeni kuphela.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
ICuba iyizwe laseCaribbean elaziwa ngesiko nomlando walo oyingqayizivele. Uma kuziwa ekuthumeleni izimpahla, i-Cuba inezidingo ezithile zesitifiketi ezikhona. Okokuqala, bonke abathumeli bangaphandle e-Cuba kufanele bathole Igunya Lokuthekelisa Kwamanye Amazwe Emnyangweni Wezohwebo Nezotshalomali Lwangaphandle. Lokhu kugunyazwa kuyadingeka ukuze kuthekeliswe izimpahla ezivela ezweni ngokusemthethweni. Iqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinto ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zithobela imithetho nezindinganiso zendawo. Ukwengeza, izitifiketi ezithile zomkhiqizo zingadingeka kuye ngohlobo lwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izitifiketi ezihlobene nempilo, ukuphepha, ikhwalithi, namazinga emvelo. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yezolimo ingadinga izitifiketi ze-phytosanitary noma izitifiketi zemvelo uma zikhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathumeli bangase badinge ukuthobela imithetho ethile yokupakisha lapho bethumela imikhiqizo yabo phesheya. Izinto zokupakisha kufanele zikhethwe ngokucophelela ngokusekelwe ezindinganisweni zamazwe ngamazwe zokulondoloza ikhwalithi yezimpahla ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Abathumeli bangaphandle kufanele futhi bacabangele ukuvikelwa kwempahla yengqondo yemikhiqizo yabo ngaphambi kokuyithumela besuka eCuba. Bangase badinge ukubhalisa amalungelo obunikazi noma izimpawu zokuhweba ezihlobene nempahla yabo ukuze bagweme ukusetshenziswa okungagunyaziwe noma ukwenziwa komgunyathi. Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuthi abathumeli bempahla e-Cuba bahlale benolwazi mayelana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko kumithetho yokuthekelisa noma izivumelwano zohwebo ezingase zithinte ukusebenza kwebhizinisi labo. Ukuxhumana njalo nezinhlangano zezohwebo noma abeluleki bezomthetho kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotshelwa kwemihlahlandlela yamanje. Sengiphetha, ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezivela e-Cuba kuhilela ukuthola Igunya Lokuthekelisa kanye nokuthobelana nezitifiketi ezidingekayo kanye nezidingo zokupakishwa ngokuya ngemithetho eqondene nomkhiqizo othile. Ukugcina unolwazi lwakamuva ngezinguquko emithethweni yokuthekelisa kubalulekile emabhizinisini aphumelelayo okuhweba amazwe ngamazwe aphuma kulesi sizwe saseCaribbean esimibalabala.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Cuba, izwe eliyisiqhingi saseCaribbean elaziwa ngesiko nomlando walo ocebile, iletha izinselelo eziyingqayizivele uma kuziwa ekuphathweni kwempahla nokuphathwa kwempahla. Nazi ezinye izincomo zokuzulazula kwe-Cuba Logistics landscape. 1. Ozakwethu Bendawo Yokuhlela: Ngenxa yezinqubo zokuphatha eziyinkimbinkimbi e-Cuba, kuhle ukusebenzisana nozakwethu bendawo abanolwazi olunzulu ngokusebenza ezweni. Laba bozakwethu bangakunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile emithethweni yendawo, imikhawulo yengqalasizinda, namanuances amasiko angase abe nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwakho kochungechunge lokunikezela. 2. Izingqinamba Zengqalasizinda: Ingqalasizinda yaseCuba ibikade ingathuthukiswanga kahle, okungase kube nezinselele mayelana nezindawo zokuthutha nezokugcina. Zilungiselele indawo yokugcina impahla elinganiselwe kanye nenethiwekhi yezokuthutha engathembekile. Kubalulekile ukuhlela kusenesikhathi futhi wenze amalungiselelo kusenesikhathi ukuze uqinisekise ukuphathwa kahle kwezimpahla zakho. 3. Izinqubo Zentela: Iziphathimandla zaseCuba zinemithethonqubo eqinile mayelana nokungenisa kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Zijwayeze nalezi zinqubo kusengaphambili noma ufune usizo kubadayisi abanolwazi noma abadluliseli phambili abangakusiza ukuthi udlule ebunzimeni bezidingo zamaphepha nemibhalo. 4. Ukukhethwa Kwechweba: Lapho uthumela izimpahla ukuya noma ukusuka e-Cuba, cabangela ngokucophelela ukukhetha kwezikhumulo ezisuselwe ekubeni seduze nemvelaphi/indawo oya kuyo kanye nempumelelo yazo ekusingatheni ithrafikhi yempahla. Amachweba afana ne-Havana (ichweba elikhulu kunawo wonke) noma i-Mariel (ihabhu ekhulayo yokuthutha) inikeza ingqalasizinda engcono uma iqhathaniswa namanye amachweba amancane. 5. Isitoreji Esilawulwa Amazinga Okushisa: Uma kubhekwa isimo sezulu sase-Cuba esishisayo esinamazinga aphezulu omswakamo, cabanga ukusebenzisa izixazululo zesitoreji esilawulwa izinga lokushisa ezintweni ezibolayo njengemikhiqizo yokudla noma imithi ngesikhathi sokuthutha/ukugcinwa ezweni. 6. Ukuphathwa Kwempahla: Ngenxa yokutholakala okulinganiselwe kwezimpahla ngaphakathi, ukugcinwa kwezinqubo zokuphathwa kohlu lwezimpahla ezifanele kuba semqoka kumabhizinisi asebenza ezimakethe zaseCuba. Lungiselela inqubo yakho yokuthenga ngokubikezela isidingo ngokunembile kuyilapho ucabangela izikhathi zokuhola ezihilelekile ekungeniseni izimpahla ezweni. 7.Ukucatshangelwa Kwezombangazwe/Zomnotho: Gcina umkhondo wanoma yiziphi izinguquko zezombusazwe noma zezomnotho ezingase zibe nomthelela ebuhlotsheni bohwebo phakathi kweCuba namanye amazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ubudlelwano base-U.S. neCuba, buye babonisa ukushintshashintsha eminyakeni yamuva. Hlala unolwazi mayelana nanoma yimiphi unswinyo olubuyekeziwe noma izinqubomgomo zohwebo ukuze ulungise isu lakho lempahla ngendlela efanele. Sengiphetha, ukusebenza endaweni yezokuthutha yaseCuba kudinga ukulungiselela okuphelele nokusebenzisana nabalingani bendawo abanolwazi. Ngokubala ngezingqinamba zengqalasizinda, izinqubo zenkambiso, izidingo zokulawula izinga lokushisa, nezici ze-geopolitical, ungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwemisebenzi yakho ye-supply chain kuleli zwe eliyingqayizivele.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

I-Cuba, njengezwe elinamagugu acebile amasiko kanye nendawo enamasu e-Caribbean, iheha izithakazelo ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe ngemikhiqizo yayo eyingqayizivele. Ihlinzeka ngamashaneli abalulekile nemibukiso yabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuze bahlole futhi bathuthukise ubudlelwano bebhizinisi. Enye yeziteshi ezibalulekile ukuze abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe baxhumane nabahlinzeki baseCuba iwukuba uhwebo kanye nemicimbi yokufanisa ibhizinisi. Lezi zinhlelo zihlelwa yizo zombili izikhungo zikahulumeni waseCuba kanye nezinhlangano zohwebo lwangaphandle ukuze kube lula ukusebenzisana okuqondile phakathi kwabathengisi nabathengi. Banikeza inkundla yokuxoxisana ngamathuba okubambisana angaba khona, ukuxoxisana ngezinkontileka, nokwakha ubudlelwano besikhathi eside. Ukwengeza, i-Cuba ibamba iqhaza emibukisweni eminingana ebalulekile yezohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe esebenza njengemibukiso ebalulekile yemikhiqizo yayo: 1. I-Havana International Fair (FIHAV): Lo mbukiso waminyaka yonke ungomunye wemibukiso emikhulu yemikhakha eminingi e-Cuba, eheha ababukisi abavela emhlabeni wonke. Ihlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene njengezolimo, ukucubungula ukudla, izinto zokwakha, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, izinsiza zezokuvakasha, imikhiqizo yezobuchwepheshe, nokunye. 2. I-International Tourism Fair (FITCuba): Njengoba ezokuvakasha zidlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wase-Cuba, lo mbukiso ugxile ekuthuthukiseni i-Cuba njengendawo yokuvakasha kuyilapho usiza nokuxhumana namabhizinisi ahlobene nezinsiza zokwamukela izivakashi ezifana nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yamahhotela/nezindawo zokungcebeleka. 3. I-Havana International Crafts Fair (Feria Internacional de Artesanía): Lo mbukiso ugqamisa imisebenzi yezandla yendabuko ekhiqizwa izingcweti ezinekhono kulo lonke elase-Cuba—inkundla ekahle yabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna imisebenzi yezandla eyingqayizivele ehlanganisa izitsha zobumba, izindwangu/ubuciko obuwenziwe ngezinto zemvelo ezifana nokhuni noma isikhumba. 4. I-International Book Fair (Feria Internacional del Libro de La Habana): Ngamasiko ayo aqinile emibhalo asekelwe kubabhali abadumile abafana no-Ernest Hemingway noma uJose Martín; lo mbukiso unikeza amathuba okuhlola izincwadi zaseCuba kanye nezingxoxo phakathi kwabashicileli/ababhali emhlabeni wonke—kulabo abathanda imboni yokushicilela/ukuhweba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iCuba iphinde yasebenzisa amapulatifomu e-e-commerce anika amandla ukuthengiselana okuku-inthanethi: 1.Binionline.cu: Le webhusayithi esemthethweni inikeza ulwazi ngezimpahla/izinkonzo ezitholakalayo ezinikezwa abahlinzeki baseCuba. Abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe bangahlola imikhakha eyahlukene futhi baxhumane nezinkampani ezifanele ukuze bathole imibuzo eyengeziwe noma bafake ama-oda okuthenga. 2.Empresas-Cuba.com: Iphethwe yisikhungo sikahulumeni wase-Cuba, isebenza njengohlu lwemibhalo oluku-inthanethi lwabangaba ozakwethu bebhizinisi e-Cuba. Ihlinzeka ngamaphrofayili anemininingwane ezinkampani kanye namandla azo okuthekelisa kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana ukuze kube lula ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe nabathengisi. Sengiphetha, i-Cuba inikeza imigudu ehlukahlukene ebalulekile njengemishini yokuhweba, imicimbi yokufanisa, nemibukiso ehlanganisa i-FIHAV, FITCUba, Havana International Crafts Fair ukuze uxhumane nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Ukwengeza, izinkundla ze-e-commerce zaseCuba ezifana ne-Binionline.cu kanye ne-Empresas-Cuba.com zihlinzeka ngokunethezeka okwengeziwe ukuze kube lula ukusebenzisana kwebhizinisi ukude.Inhlanganisela yalezi ziteshi inikeza amathuba amaningi kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuhlola imikhiqizo yaseCuba emikhakheni ehlukahlukene futhi basungule ubudlelwano obubalulekile nasendaweni. abahlinzeki.
Kunezinjini zokusesha ezimbalwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa eCuba. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo kanye namakheli azo ewebhusayithi: 1. I-EcuRed (www.ecured.cu): Idalwe nguhulumeni waseCuba, i-EcuRed iyi-encyclopedia eku-inthanethi efana ne-Wikipedia. Inikeza ulwazi ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene neCuba nomlando wayo. 2. I-Cubaplus (www.cubaplus.com): Le njini yokusesha inikeza ulwazi ngokuyinhloko mayelana nokuvakasha kanye nokuvakasha e-Cuba. Kuhlanganisa imininingwane emayelana namahhotela, izindawo zokudlela, izindawo ezikhangayo, nezinye izihloko ezifanele zabavakashi. 3. ICUBADEBATE (www.cubadebate.cu): Eyaziwa njengengosi yezindaba yaseCuba edumile, iCUBADEBATE ikhuluma ngezindaba zamanje, ezombusazwe, amasiko nezemidlalo eCuba. 4. WEBPAC "Felipe Poey" - Library Universidad de La Habana: Le njini yokusesha ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafinyelele ikhathalogi yohlelo lomtapo wezincwadi weNyuvesi yaseHavana. Isiza abafundi nabacwaningi ukuthi bathole izincwadi noma ezinye izinsiza ngaphakathi kweqoqo lenyuvesi. 5. I-Infomed (www.sld.cu/sitios/infomed): I-Infomed iwumthombo obalulekile wochwepheshe bezokwelapha nabacwaningi base-Cuba njengoba inikeza ukufinyelela kulwazi lwezincwadi zezokwelapha kanye nolunye ulwazi oluhlobene nokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenxa yemikhawulo ye-inthanethi nokuxhumeka okulinganiselwe e-Cuba, ukufinyelela amawebhusayithi athile ngaphandle kungase kube inselele ngezinye izikhathi. Ukwengeza, ukuthembela ezinjinini zokusesha ezifana ne-Google noma i-Bing kungase kungabi okuvamile ngenxa yokufinyeleleka kwe-inthanethi okukhawulelwe ezweni. Sekukonke lezi izinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa abantu baseCuba ukuze bafinyelele izinsiza ezithile ezihlobene nezidingo zabo ezweni ngaphandle kokuthembela kakhulu ezisekelweni ezivamile zomhlaba njenge-Google noma i-Bing.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

E-Cuba, uhla lwemibhalo oluyinhloko noma "amakhasi aphuzi" angatholakala kumawebhusayithi ambalwa. Lezi zinkundla eziku-inthanethi zisebenza njengezinsiza ezibalulekile zokuthola amabhizinisi, izinsiza, nolwazi lokuxhumana. 1. I-Cuba Yellow Pages (www.cubayellowpages.com): Le webhusayithi ihlinzeka ngohlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi namasevisi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene njengezindawo zokuhlala, izindawo zokudlela, ezokuthutha, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, nokunye. Abasebenzisi bangasesha izinhlobo ezithile zamabhizinisi noma baphequlule emikhakheni eyahlukene ukuze bathole abathintwayo abafanelekile. 2. I-Paginas Amarillas de Cuba (www.paginasamarillasdecuba.com): Lolu hlu lwemibhalo oluku-inthanethi lunikeza uhlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi e-Cuba. Abasebenzisi bangabheka izinkampani ezithile ngokufaka amagama angukhiye noma bahlole izigaba ezahlukahlukene njengokuvakasha, ezokwakha, ukudayisa, nokunye. 3. I-Bineb Yellow Pages Cubano (www.yellow-pages-cubano.com): I-Bineb olunye uhla lwemibhalo lwamakhasi aphuzi oludumile olusiza abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe kalula amabhizinisi endawo namasevisi e-Cuba. Inkundla inedathabheyisi ebanzi enezigaba eziningi zezimboni ukwenza lula inqubo yokusesha. 4. Directorio de Negocios en la Ciudad de la Habana (Uhlu Lwebhizinisi Edolobheni lase-Havana)(www.directorioenlahabana.com): Igxile ngokukhethekile ohlwini lwamabhizinisi endawo yase-Havana City, le webhusayithi inikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nezinkampani zasendaweni emikhakheni ehlukene esebenza ngaphakathi kwenhloko-dolobha. idolobha laseCuba. 5. I-Global Links - Imibhalo Yebhizinisi: Ngaphandle kwamawebhusayithi azinikele ekhasi aphuzi aseCuba okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla; izixhumanisi zomhlaba wonke njenge-Google Maps (maps.google.com), Yelp (www.yelp.com), TripAdvisor (www.tripadvisor.com), noma i-FourSquare(4sq.com) nazo zihlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana namabhizinisi ase-Cuba kanye nezibuyekezo ezivela kumakhasimende Lezi zinkomba zinikeza izinketho zokuhlunga imiphumela ngokusekelwe endaweni kanye nohlobo lwesevisi oluthandwayo ukusiza abasebenzisi ngokuphumelelayo ekutholeni oxhumana nabo abafanelekile bebhizinisi phakathi kwezifunda ezihlukahlukene zezwe.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

I-Cuba, eyizwe lezenhlalakahle elinokufinyelela okulinganiselwe ku-inthanethi, ibhekane nezinselelo ekuthuthukiseni imboni ye-e-commerce eqinile. Kodwa-ke, kunezinkundla ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ze-e-commerce ezisebenza ezweni. Nazi ezinye zezinkundla ze-e-commerce eziphambili zaseCuba kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi azo: 1. Isitolo Se-OnCuba: Enye yezinkundla ezihamba phambili zokuthenga ku-inthanethi e-Cuba, Isitolo se-OnCuba sinikeza imikhiqizo eyahlukene ehlanganisa izinto zikagesi, izingubo zokugqoka, izinto zasendlini, nezinto zokudla. Iwebhusayithi: https://oncubashop.com/ 2. Isitolo Se-inthanethi se-Cimex: Sisetshenziswa yinhlangano kahulumeni i-CIMEX S.A., i-Cimex Online Store ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathenge izinto ezithengwayo ezihlukahlukene njengemikhiqizo yasendlini, izinto zikagesi, nemishini yezemidlalo. Iwebhusayithi http://www.tienda.cu/ 3. I-Ofertones: Le ndawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi igxile kakhulu ekunikezeni izaphulelo namaphromoshini emikhiqizweni eyahlukene kusukela kogesi kuya ezintweni zobuhle nezimpahla zokugqoka. Iwebhusayithi http://ofertones.com/ 4. I-ECURED Market (i-Mercado EcuRed): Inkundla ye-e-commerce esafufusa e-Cuba ehlanganisa abathengisi nabathengi ezweni lonke ngezigaba zemikhiqizo eyahlukene njengobuciko nobuciko, amagajethi ezobuchwepheshe, izinto zemfashini, njll. Iwebhusayithi: https://mercado .ecured.cu/ Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba lezi nkundla zikhona endaweni ye-e-commerce yase-Cuba, zingase zibe nemikhawulo ngenxa yemikhawulo ye-inthanethi nokufinyelela okulinganiselwe ezinkethweni zokukhokha njengamakhadi esikweletu noma izinkokhelo zedijithali ezivame ukusetshenziswa kwenye indawo. Sicela ukhumbule ukuthi ukutholakala nokusebenza kwalawa mawebhusayithi kungase kushintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene ezithonya ingqalasizinda ye-inthanethi yaseCuba ethuthukayo.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

I-Cuba iyizwe elinokufinyelela okulinganiselwe ku-inthanethi, okuthinta ukutholakala kwezinkundla zokuxhumana. Kodwa-ke, kusenezingosi zokuxhumana ezimbalwa ezithandwayo ezingafinyelelwa eCuba. Nazi ezinye zazo: 1. I-Facebook (www.facebook.com): I-Facebook ingenye yezinkundla zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke futhi ingafinyelelwa eCuba. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baxhumane nabangane nomndeni, babelane ngezithombe namavidiyo, bajoyine amaqembu, futhi balandele amakhasi. 2. I-Twitter (www.twitter.com): I-Twitter iyinkundla ye-microblogging eyenza abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuthumela izibuyekezo, ezaziwa ngokuthi "ama-tweets," anomkhawulo wezinhlamvu wezinhlamvu ezingu-280. Iyatholakala naseCuba futhi inikeza indlela yokwabelana ngezindaba, imibono, nokuzibandakanya ezingxoxweni. 3. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com): I-Instagram ngokuyinhloko iyinkundla yokwabelana ngezithombe lapho abasebenzisi bangalayisha khona izithombe noma amavidiyo amafushane kanye namagama-ncazo. Ithole ukuthandwa emhlabeni jikelele futhi inesizinda somsebenzisi esisebenzayo naseCuba. 4. I-WhatsApp (www.whatsapp.com): Nakuba i-WhatsApp ngokobuchwepheshe ingabhekwa njengenkundla yezokuxhumana, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumaneni ngaphakathi kwe-Cuba ngenxa yesici sayo sokubethela ekupheleni ukuya ekupheleni kwemiyalezo namakholi wezwi/wevidiyo. 5. I-Telegram (www.telegram.org): I-Telegram ingolunye uhlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo olufana ne-WhatsApp kodwa lunikeza izici zobumfihlo ezengeziwe njengezingxoxo eziyimfihlo kanye nesitoreji esisekelwe emafini sokwabelana ngamafayela phakathi kwabasebenzisi. 6. I-YouTube (www.youtube.com): I-YouTube ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi balayishe futhi babelane ngamavidiyo ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene okuhlanganisa amavidiyo omculo, ama-vlog, okuqukethwe kwezemfundo, njll., okwenza kufinyeleleke kubantu baseCuba abafisa ukusebenzisa noma ukudala okuqukethwe kwevidiyo ku-inthanethi. Sicela wazi ukuthi lezi ezinye zezibonelo zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezidumile ezifinyeleleka eCuba; nokho, ngenxa yemikhawulo ye-inthanethi ezweni ukufinyelela kungahluka ngezinye izikhathi

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

ICuba iyizwe elitholakala eCaribbean elinezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni nezinhlangano ezimele imikhakha eyahlukene. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano eziyinhloko zezimboni eCuba, kanye namawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Cuban Chamber of Commerce (Camara de Comercio de Cuba) - Inhlangano eyinhloko emele ezohwebo nohwebo eCuba. Iwebhusayithi http://www.camaracuba.cu/ 2. I-Cuban Association of Economists (Asociación Nacional de Economistas de Cuba) - Imele osomnotho futhi ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa komnotho. Iwebhusayithi https://www.anec.co.cu/ 3. Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yabalimi Abancane (Asociación Nacional de Agricultores Pequeños, ANAP) - Imele abalimi abancane nabasebenzi bezolimo. Iwebhusayithi http://www.anap.cu/ 4. I-Cuban Industrial Association (Asociación Industrial de Cuba, AIC) - Ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana neyokukhiqiza, yokwakha, ubunjiniyela. Iwebhusayithi http://aic.cubaindustria.org 5. Inhlangano Yezokuvakasha Kazwelonke Yase-Cuba (Instituto Cubano del Turismo, ICT) - Ithuthukisa imisebenzi ehlobene nezokuvakasha okuhlanganisa amahhotela, izindawo zokungcebeleka, izikhungo zezokuvakasha. Iwebhusayithi http://www.travel2cuba.eu 6. Izinhlangano Zomshwalense ZaseCuba: i) Inkampani Kazwelonke Yomshwalense Kazwelonke yaseCuba (Empresa Cubana Reaseguradora) Iwebhusayithi: https://ecudesa.ecured.cu/ECUREDesa/index.php/Empresa_Cubana_Reaseguradora_SA ii) Iqembu lomshwalense elibambile leNkampani-Cubasiga Iwebhusayithi http://www.gipc.info/info.jsp?infoNo=23085 7. Inhlangano Yabesifazane baseCuba(Federacion De Mujeres Cubanas-FMC)- Imele amalungelo abesifazane kanye nezindaba ezihlobene nokulingana kobulili Isizinda: http://mujeres.co.cu/. Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje; kukhona ezinye izinhlangano zezimboni eziningana ezimele imikhakha eyahlukene eCuba. Sicela wazi ukuthi amanye amawebhusayithi angaba ngeSpanishi, njengoba kuwulimi olusemthethweni lwaseCuba.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

ICuba, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi yiRiphabhulikhi yaseCuba, iyizwe elise-Caribbean. Yize iyizwe elincane leziqhingi, iCuba inamawebhusayithi amaningi ezomnotho nezohwebo ahlinzeka ngolwazi ngezimboni nemikhakha eyahlukene. Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi avelele ezomnotho nezohwebo eCuba: 1. I-Ministry of Foreign Trade and Investment (MNCEX) - Le webhusayithi esemthethweni kahulumeni inikeza ulwazi ngezinqubomgomo zezohwebo zangaphandle zase-Cuba, amathuba okutshala izimali, imithethonqubo, kanye nohlaka lwezomthetho. Isizindalwazi siphinde sihlanganise nezibuyekezo zezindaba ezihlobene nezivumelwano zokuhwebelana zamazwe ngamazwe ezibandakanya iCuba. Iwebhusayithi https://www.mincex.gob.cu/ 2. IChamber of Commerce of the Republic of Cuba - Iwebhusayithi inikeza izinsiza kumabhizinisi anentshisekelo yokuhlola amathuba ngaphakathi kwezimakethe zaseCuba. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nemithethonqubo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, imibiko yokuhlaziywa kwemakethe, imihlahlandlela yokutshala izimali, izinkomba zebhizinisi, ikhalenda lemicimbi, nezinye izinsizakalo ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza ubudlelwano bezentengiselwano. Iwebhusayithi http://www.camaracuba.com 3. I-ProCuba - I-ProCuba iyisikhungo esinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuthuthukisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe emikhakheni ebalulekile yomnotho waseCuba. Isizindalwazi sabo sinikeza ulwazi olubanzi mayelana namaphrojekthi okutshalwa kwezimali atholakala ezindaweni ezifana nezindawo zokuthuthukisa ezokuvakasha (ama-ZED), amapaki emboni ye-biotechnology (BioPlants), amaphrojekthi ezolimo kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla. Iwebhusayithi http://procubasac.com/ 4. Ihhovisi Likazwelonke Lempahla Yezimboni (i-ONPI) - Leli hhovisi likahulumeni liphethe uhlelo lokuvikelwa kwamalungelo empahla yengqondo e-Cuba ngokunikeza ukubhaliswa kwamalungelo obunikazi kokuqanjwa okuvela kubantu noma ezinkampanini zombili zasekhaya nezangaphandle. Iwebhusayithi http://www.onpi.cu 5.I-Cuban Export Import Corporation (CEICEX)- I-CEICEX igxile ekusizeni inqubo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe yamabhizinisi aseCuba ngokuwahlinzeka ngezixazululo zezokuthutha njengezinsizakalo zezokuthutha noma isiqondiso ngezinqubo zenkambiso kanye nokubasiza ekutholeni abangaba ababambisene nabo phesheya ukuze bathengise imikhiqizo/izingxenye zabo. /ubuchwepheshe kuzwelonke/kwamanye amazwe . Iwebhusayithi http://ceiex.co.cu/ Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa phakathi kwezinye eziningi, futhi zinikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nesimo sezomnotho nesohwebo saseCuba. Kuhlale kunconywa ukuthi uhlole izibuyekezo nemithombo emisha njengoba isimo sebhizinisi sishintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa emibuzo yedatha yokuhweba atholakalayo eCuba. Nazi ezinye zazo kanye namakheli azo esizindalwazi: 1. I-World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) - Inkundla ye-WITS inikeza ukufinyelela ekuhwebeni kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nedatha yentela. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babuze futhi bahlaziye ukugeleza kwezohwebo, amanani entengo, Izinyathelo Ezingezona Imali Yentela (NTM), nezinye izinkomba zokuncintisana. Iwebhusayithi https://wits.worldbank.org/ 2. I-UN Comtrade Database - Lona umthombo osemthethweni wezibalo zezohwebo zomhlaba wonke ezinikezwe i-United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD). I-UN Comtrade iqoqa idatha enemininingwane yokungenisa/yokuthekelisa ebikwe iziphathimandla zezibalo zamazwe angamalungu. Iwebhusayithi: https://comtrade.un.org/ 3. I-CubaTradeData - Le webhusayithi igxile ekuhlinzekeni ulwazi ngohwebo lwangaphandle lwase-Cuba, okuhlanganisa ukungenisa nokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe, ukuhlaziywa kwendawo okuyiwa kuyo, imisebenzi yentela, imithethonqubo, namathuba ebhizinisi. Iwebhusayithi http://www.cubatradedata.com/ 4. I-Trading Economics - I-Trading Economics inikeza izinkomba eziningi zezomnotho kanye nedatha yocwaningo lwemakethe evela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Kuhlanganisa idatha ehlobene nokuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe ahlukene, kuhlanganise neCuba. Iwebhusayithi: https://tradingeconomics.com/ 5. Isikhungo Sohwebo Samazwe Ngamazwe (ITC) - I-ITC inikeza ukufinyelela kwizibalo zamazwe ngamazwe zokungenisa/ukuthumela ngaphandle ngokusebenzisa isizindalwazi sayo se-Trade Map. Abasebenzisi bangahlola imikhiqizo ethengiswa umhlaba wonke ngezwe noma isifunda. Iwebhusayithi http://www.trademap.org Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lawa mawebhusayithi angase abe namazinga ahlukene wekhwalithi kanye nokufakwa uma kuziwa kudatha yokuhweba yaseCuba. Kuhlala kunconywa ukuthi kuphambanwe ulwazi oluyisithenjwa oluvela emithonjeni eminingi ukuze uthole ukuqonda okuphelele.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

I-Cuba, eyizwe lezenhlalakahle elinokufinyelela okulinganiselwe ku-inthanethi, ayinakho uhla olubanzi lwezinkundla ze-B2B uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe. Kodwa-ke, kusekhona izinkundla eziphawulekayo ezisiza ukuhwebelana kwebhizinisi kuya kwebhizinisi eCuba. 1. ICubatrade: Lena inkundla ye-B2B esemthethweni eyasungulwa uhulumeni waseCuba. Isebenza njengesizinda samabhizinisi asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe abheke ukuxhumana nezinkampani zaseCuba ngamathuba okuhweba nokutshala imali. Iwebhusayithi: www.cubatrade.cu 2. I-MercadoCuba: I-MercadoCuba iyindawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi lapho amabhizinisi engathenga futhi adayise imikhiqizo yawo ngaphakathi kweCuba. Ivumela izinkampani ezizinze e-Cuba ukuthi zifinyelele kulabo abangase babe abathengi futhi zandise isisekelo samakhasimende abo kuzwelonke. Iwebhusayithi: www.mercadocuba.com 3. I-Cuban Trade Hub: Le nkundla isebenza njengenkomba ephelele yamabhizinisi ase-Cuba abandakanyeka ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, ewaxhuma nabangase babe abalingani nabathengi emhlabeni wonke. Ihlose ukugqugquzela ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana namazwe ngamazwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe amabhizinisi asekhaya nawakwamanye amazwe eCuba. Iwebhusayithi: www.cubantradehub.com 4. I-Exportadores Cubanos: I-Exportadores Cubanos iyinkundla ye-B2B ezinikele ekuthuthukiseni ukuthunyelwa kwempahla evela e-Cuba ngokuxhumanisa abathumeli bangaphandle bendawo nabathengi abanentshisekelo abavela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi ngemikhiqizo etholakalayo ukuze ithunyelwe ngaphandle futhi isiza ukuhambisa izingxoxo zebhizinisi phakathi kwabathumeli bangaphandle nabathekelisa ngaphandle kwamanye amazwe. Iwebhusayithi: www.exportadorescubanos.com Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenxa yokufinyelela ku-inthanethi okulinganiselwe e-Cuba, amanye amawebhusayithi kungenzeka abe nomkhawulo wokutholakala noma izikhathi zokulayisha ezihamba kancane kunezinkundla ezivamile ze-inthanethi ezitholakala kwenye indawo. Sicela ukhumbule ukuthi lolu lwazi lungase lungabi lwakamuva noma luphelele njengoba ukufinyelela imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nezinkundla ze-Cuban B2B kungaba inselele ngenxa yokutholakala kwe-inthanethi okulinganiselwe ngaphakathi kwemingcele yezwe.
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