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Izimakethe Eziyinhloko
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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
IPoland, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhulikhi yasePoland, iyizwe eliseCentral Europe. Ihlanganyela imingcele neJalimane ngasentshonalanga, iCzech Republic neSlovakia eningizimu, i-Ukraine neBelarus ngasempumalanga, kanye neLithuania neRussia (Isifunda saseKaliningrad) ngasenyakatho-mpumalanga. Izwe linabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-38. I-Poland inomlando ocebile ohlanganisa iminyaka eyinkulungwane. Kwake kwaba umbuso onamandla ngezikhathi zenkathi ephakathi futhi waba neminyaka yawo emihle ngesikhathi seRenaissance. Kodwa-ke, yabhekana nokuhlukaniswa okuningi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 futhi yanyamalala kumamephu iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu yaze yathola inkululeko ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe I. IWarsaw iyinhloko-dolobha nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke ePoland. Amanye amadolobha amakhulu ahlanganisa i-Kraków, i-Wrocław, i-Poznań, i-Gdańsk, i-Łódź, ne-Szczecin. Ulimi olusemthethweni olukhulunywa isiPolish. Umnotho wasePoland uthathwa njengowomnotho okhula ngokushesha eYurophu. Yabhekana nokuthuthuka komnotho okuphawulekayo kusukela yaba yingxenye ye-European Union ngo-2004. Imikhakha ebalulekile efaka isandla emnothweni wayo ihlanganisa ezokukhiqiza (ikakhulukazi ezezimoto), ukukhishwa kwezinsizakalo zezobuchwepheshe bolwazi (ITSO), imboni yokucubungula ukudla, umkhakha wezinsizakalo zezezimali kanye nezokungcebeleka. Izwe linezindawo ezihlukene ezisukela ezintabeni ezinhle eziseningizimu njengezintaba zaseTatra kuya emabhishi oLwandle iBaltic ezindaweni ezisenyakatho njengeGdańsk noma iSopot. I-Poland futhi ihlinzeka ngeziNdawo Zamagugu Omhlaba ze-UNESCO eziningi ezihlanganisa iDolobha Elidala lase-Kraków elinezakhiwo ezinhle ezifanekiselwa yi-Wawel Castle noma indawo yesikhumbuzo yekamu lokuhlushwa i-Auschwitz-Birkenau esebenza njengesikhumbuzo esibalulekile sezenzakalo zomlando phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Uma kukhulunywa ngesiko, iPoland inikeze iminikelo eminingi ephawulekayo kuwo wonke umlando kuhlanganisa nabaqambi abadumile abafana noFrédéric Chopin noma ososayensi abadumile emhlabeni wonke njengoMarie Skłodowska Curie owine imiklomelo kaNobel emibili. Kafushane, iPoland iyizwe laseYurophu elinempilo elinamagugu omlando anothile, umnotho okhulayo, kanye nezindawo ezihlukene. Noma ngabe unentshisekelo kumlando wayo, isiko, noma ubuhle bemvelo, i-Poland inikeza okuthile kuwo wonke umuntu.
Imali Yezwe
IPoland, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhulikhi yasePoland, iyizwe eliseCentral Europe. Imali esetshenziswa ePoland ibizwa ngokuthi i-złoty yasePoland, ekhonjwa ngophawu "PLN". I-złoty yasePoland yethulwa ngo-1924 futhi ibiwuhlobo lwemali olusemthethweni lwasePoland kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. I-złoty eyodwa iphinde ihlukaniswe ibe yi-100 groszy. Izinhlamvu zemali ezisakazwayo zihlanganisa amahlelo ka-1, 2, no-5 groszy; kanye no-1, 2, no-5 złotys. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-banknote atholakala ngamahlelo angu-10, 20, 50,100, futhi afika ku-200 no-500zł. Inani le-złoty yasePoland liyashintshashintsha uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zemali ezinkulu njengedola laseMelika noma i-euro ngenxa yezimo zemakethe nezici zomnotho. Kuhle njalo ukuhlola izilinganiso zokushintshanisa ngemali zamanje ngaphambi kokuvakashela e-Poland noma ukwenza noma yiziphi izinkokhelo zezezimali ezihilela lolu hlobo lwemali. Ibhange elimaphakathi lasePoland libizwa ngeNarodowy Bank Polski (NBP), elengamele inqubomgomo yezimali futhi liqinisekise uzinzo ngaphakathi kohlelo lwezezimali. I-NBP ilawula izilinganiso zenzalo ezinomthelela ezindlekweni zokuboleka futhi ilungise amasu ngokufanele lapho kudingekile. Sekukonke, i-złoty yasePoland idlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni uhwebo ngaphakathi nangaphandle komnotho wase-Poland. Ihlala iyisici esibalulekile sempilo yansuku zonke kubahlali kuyilapho yamukela izivakashi ezivela ezindaweni ezizungezile ngokuhwebelana kwezezimali kukho konke ukuhlala kwazo.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali esemthethweni yasePoland yi-złoty yasePoland (PLN). Amazinga okushintshanisa alinganiselwe kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2021 yilawa: I-1 US Dollar = 3.97 PLN I-Euro eyi-1 = 4.66 PLN Ipondo laseBrithani eli-1 = 5.36 PLN I-Yuan yesiShayina engu-1 = 0.62 PLN
Amaholide Abalulekile
I-Poland igubha inani lamaholide abalulekile unyaka wonke, elibonisa amagugu ayo acebile amasiko nemicimbi yomlando. Nawa amanye amaholide abaluleke kakhulu agujwa ePoland: 1. Usuku Lokuzimela (November 11): Leli holide lezwe likhumbula inkululeko yasePoland, eyatholwa ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I ngo-1918. Ihlonipha labo abalwela inkululeko futhi igubha ubukhosi bezwe. 2. Usuku Lomthethosisekelo (Meyi 3): Leli holide liphawula isikhumbuzo somthethosisekelo wokuqala wesimanje wasePoland, owamukelwa ngoMeyi 3, 1791. Ubhekwa njengeminye yemithethosisekelo yakudala yentando yeningi eYurophu. 3. Usuku Lwabo Bonke Osanta (November 1): Ngalolu suku, abantu basePoland bakhumbula futhi bahloniphe abathandekayo babo abashona ngokuvakashela amathuna ukuze bahlanze amatshe amathuna, bakhanyise amakhandlela, futhi babeke izimbali emathuneni. 4. Ubusuku Bangaphambi kukaKhisimusi (December 24): Usuku Olungaphambi kukaKhisimusi uwumkhosi obalulekile ongokwenkolo wamaKatolika asePoland. Imindeni ibuthana ukuze idle isidlo sakusihlwa esibizwa nge-Wigilia, esinezifundo eziyishumi nambili ezimele abaPhostoli abayishumi nambili. 5. I-Easter (usuku luyahlukahluka unyaka ngamunye): I-Easter igujwa ngentshiseko enkulu yenkolo ePoland. Abantu babamba iqhaza ezinkonzweni zesonto, bahlobise amaqanda aziwa kakhulu ngokuthi ama-pisanki, futhi babingelelana ngendlela evamile ngenkathi babelana ngesidlo sasekuseni esingokomfanekiso. 6. Corpus Christi (usuku luyahlukahluka unyaka ngamunye): Leli holidi lamaKatolika ligubha inkolelo yokuba khona kukaJesu kwangempela phakathi neSidlo Esingcwele ngokubamba udwendwe emigwaqweni ehlotshiswe ngezimbali nohlaza. 7.Usuku LukaNcibijane(NgoJanuwari Wokuqala):Ama-Poles ngokuvamile agubha uSuku LukaNcibijane ngeziqhumane phakathi kwamabili ngoDisemba 31 ukuze amukele unyaka omusha ozayo; lokhu kuvame ukulandelwa imibuthano nomndeni noma abangani. Lawa maholide awagcini nje ngokubonisa amasiko agxilile e-Poland kodwa futhi anikeza abantu ithuba lokuhlangana njengemiphakathi noma imindeni ukuze bagubhe izindinganiso namasiko abo ahlanganyelwe.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
IPoland, eseCentral Europe, iyizwe elaziwa ngomnotho walo oqinile kanye nomkhakha wezohwebo othuthukayo. Ingumnotho omkhulu kakhulu esifundeni futhi inemakethe evulekile enabasebenzi abanamakhono. Isimo sohwebo sasePoland besilokhu sithuthuka kancane kancane eminyakeni edlule. Izwe liye labhekana nokukhula okungaguquki kukho kokubili ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kanye nempahla ephuma kwamanye amazwe. Mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, iPoland igxile kakhulu emishinini nasezinsizeni, kumakhemikhali, emikhiqizweni yokudla nasezimotweni. Lezi zimpahla zifunwa kakhulu izimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yekhwalithi yazo kanye namanani ancintisanayo. IJalimane inguzakwethu omkhulu wezohwebo wasePoland, ebalwa ingxenye enkulu yesamba sayo sohwebo esiphelele. Lokhu kubambisana okuqinile kukhulise ukuthunyelwa kwe-Poland kakhulu njengoba i-Germany isebenza njengesizinda esibalulekile semikhiqizo yasePoland ukufinyelela kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iPoland iphinde yahlukanisa abalingani bayo bokuhweba ngaphesheya kweYurophu ukuze ifake amazwe afana neChina ne-United States. Ngalobu budlelwano obusha obukhona, iPoland ihlose ukunweba imakethe yayo yokuthekelisa ngokuqhubekayo. Eminyakeni yakamuva, i-Poland iphishekele ngenkuthalo ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwamanye amazwe (i-FDI) ukuze ikhulise umkhakha wayo wezohwebo nakakhulu. Ngenxa yale mizamo, izinkampani eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe sezisungule izindawo zokusebenza noma zokukhiqiza ngaphakathi kwezwe. Ukwengeza, njengelungu le-European Union (EU), iPoland iyazuza ngokufinyelela imakethe eyodwa ye-EU enamakhasimende angaba khona angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-500. Lesi sikhundla esinenzuzo sivumela amabhizinisi asePoland ukuthi ahwebe kalula namanye amazwe angamalungu e-EU ngaphandle kokubhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu noma amanani entengo. Sekukonke, indawo ekahle ye-Poland empambanweni yemizila ebalulekile yokuhweba kanye nezizinda zayo eziqinile zibe negalelo elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwayo kwezohwebo okumangalisayo. Ngokutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, IPoland kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokuqinisa isikhundla sayo njengomdlali onethonya kwezohwebo emhlabeni jikelele.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
IPoland, eseCentral Europe, inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe zohwebo lwangaphandle. Ngendawo yayo enamasu okuma komhlaba kanye nomnotho oqinile, iPoland inikela ngamathuba amaningi kumabhizinisi omhlaba. Okokuqala, iPoland iyilungu le-European Union (EU) futhi izuza ezivumelwaneni zohwebo lwamahhala namanye amazwe e-EU. Lokhu kuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zifinyelele imakethe yabathengi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-500 ngaphandle kokubhekana nezithiyo zokuhweba ngokweqile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iPoland isebenza njengesango lamabhizinisi afuna ukwanda kwezinye izimakethe zaseMpumalanga Yurophu. Ukwengeza, iPoland ibe nokukhula komnotho okuqhubekayo kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Izwe linabasebenzi abakhulayo abanamakhono futhi litshala kakhulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni. Lokhu kudala indawo ekhangayo kubatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe abafuna ukusungula izinto ezintsha noma amathuba okusebenzisana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingqalasizinda yasePoland ibone intuthuko enkulu eminyakeni yamuva nje. Izinhlelo zayo zokuthutha zixhunywe kahle noxhaxha lwemigwaqo olusebenzayo, izikhumulo zezindiza zesimanje, nezixhumanisi zikaloliwe ezinikeza ukufinyelela okulula emadolobheni amakhulu aseYurophu. Le ntuthuko isekela ukusebenza kahle kwezinto ezibalulekile ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iPoland inemikhakha eyahlukene ehlinzeka ngamathemba okuthumela ngaphandle athembisayo. Izwe laziwa ngemboni yalo yokukhiqiza ehlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zezimoto, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini, izintambo zokuhlanganisa izinto zikagesi phakathi kokunye. Imikhiqizo yezolimo efana nezithelo nemifino emisha nayo iveza amathuba okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yezinga layo eliphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo sabathengi ePoland sikhula ngokushesha njengoba imali etholakalayo ikhula phakathi kwabantu bayo abacishe babe yizigidi ezingama-38. Ngokukhula kwamandla okuthenga kuza nezinketho ezinkulu zokusetshenziswa kwezimpahla ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe kusukela ezintweni eziphambili kuye ezimpahleni zansuku zonke zabathengi. Sengiphetha, iPoland inamandla amakhulu kumabhizinisi omhlaba afuna ukuthuthukisa ubukhona bawo ezimakethe zomhlaba.Indawo enenzuzo yezwe ngaphakathi kwe-EU kanye nomnotho wayo othuthukayo, abasebenzi abanekhono, nengqalasizinda ethuthukisiwe iheha abatshalizimali kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. indawo ekhangayo ngokwayo, imakethe yasePoland ingaba yisizinda kwezinye izimakethe ezisafufusa zaseMpumalanga Yurophu. Lezi zici zikwenza kucace ukuthi kungani ukutshala isikhathi, imali, nomzamo wokufinyelela lo mnotho ophilayo kungaba yinzuzo enkulu ezinkampanini ezimagange ukwandisa imisebenzi yazo yokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu yohwebo lwangaphandle e-Poland, kunezici ezimbalwa okufanele zicatshangelwe. Ukuqonda isidingo semakethe nokuthandwa ngabathengi kubalulekile ekukhetheni umkhiqizo oyimpumelelo. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya izitayela zamanje zemakethe ePoland. Lokhu kubandakanya ukufunda amandla okuthenga wabathengi kanye nokuhlonza izigaba zemikhiqizo edumile. Isibonelo, izinto zikagesi, imfashini nezinsiza, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, kanye nemikhiqizo yezempilo nobuhle kuvame ukudingeka kakhulu. Ucwaningo lwemakethe kufanele futhi lugxile ekuhlonzeni izimakethe ze-niche ezinamathuba okukhula. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlaziya umncintiswano phakathi kwezimboni ezithile noma ukuhlonza amathrendi asafufusa athola ukuduma phakathi kwabathengi basePoland. Esinye isici okufanele sicatshangelwe izintandokazi zamasiko namasiko endawo. Imikhiqizo ehambisana namasiko e-Polish noma enokuxhumana okuqinile kwezamasiko cishe izojabulela impumelelo emakethe. Isibonelo, imisebenzi yezandla yendabuko yesi-Polish noma ukudla okuphilayo kungaheha izithakazelo ezibalulekile kumakhasimende asekhaya kanye nezivakashi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwemakethe kwemikhiqizo ekhethiwe, kuyatuseka ukwenza inhlolovo noma ukuqoqa impendulo evela kumakhasimende angaba khona mayelana nalokho akuthandayo nalokho akulindele mayelana nekhwalithi, ububanzi bentengo, umklamo wokupakisha njll. Ukulalela impendulo yekhasimende kungasiza ekuboneni noma yiziphi izinguquko ezidingekayo ngaphambi kokungena ngesiPolish. imakethe. Ngokungeziwe ekuqondeni isidingo sabathengi kanye nezici zamasiko, isu lentengo kufanele futhi libhekwe ngokucophelela ngenkathi kukhethwa imikhiqizo yohwebo lwangaphandle ePoland. Amanani ancintisanayo asekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwezindleko okuphelele azoqinisekisa ukukhanga kweminikelo yakho kuyilapho ugcina inzuzo. Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuthobela zonke izimfuneko zomthetho mayelana nesitifiketi, izimiso zokulebula, namazinga okuphepha ePoland.Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yakho oyikhethile iyahlangabezana nalezi zidingo kuzokwakha ukwethenjwa kubo bobabili abasabalalisi kanye nabasebenzisi bokugcina ekugcineni kube nesandla empumelelweni yesikhathi eside phakathi kwezohwebo lwangaphandle lwasePoland. imboni. Sengiphetha, inqubo yokukhetha imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu yohwebo lwangaphandle e-Poland idinga ucwaningo olunzulu mayelana nezimakethe zamanje, okuthandwa ngabathengi, izici zamasiko, izimakethe ezihamba phambili, namasu entengo. izinguquko ngaphakathi kwemakethe yasePoland futhi ngokuqhubekayo uzivumelanisa nezimfuno nezintandokazi zamakhasimende ezishintshayo.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
IPoland, eseCentral Europe, yaziwa ngomlando wayo ocebile, izindawo ezinhle, namasiko aphilayo. Ngokwezici zekhasimende, ama-Poles ngokuvamile anesizotha futhi anenhlonipho kubahlinzeki besevisi. Bayayithokozela isevisi enhle futhi bayakwazisa ukungenzeleli ekusebenzelaneni kwabo namabhizinisi. Isici esisodwa esibalulekile sokuziphatha kwamakhasimende asePoland ukubaluleka abakubeka ebudlelwaneni bomuntu siqu. Ukwakha ukwethembana nokusungula ukuxhumana namakhasimende kubalulekile ePoland. Ukuzinika isikhathi sokubingelela amakhasimende ngokufudumele nokuhlanganyela ezingxoxweni ezinobungane kungasiza ekwakheni umbono omuhle. Ukwengeza, amakhasimende asePoland ajwayele ukwazisa ulwazi lomkhiqizo olunzulu oluvela kubamele abadayisi. Bakwazisa kakhulu ukufundiswa ngezici nezinzuzo zomkhiqizo noma isevisi ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo sokuthenga. Ukunikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe kanye nokuphendula noma yimiphi imibuzo okungenzeka babe nayo kuzothokozelwa amakhasimende asePoland. Mayelana nama-taboos noma izinto okufanele uzigweme lapho usebenzisana namakhasimende asePoland, kubalulekile ukunaka izihloko zomlando ezibucayi njengeMpi Yezwe II noma ubukhomanisi. Lezi zihloko zisengavusa imizwa enamandla phakathi kwabanye abantu. Kungcono ukugwema izingxoxo ezihlobene nezombusazwe noma izehlakalo eziyimpikiswano ngaphandle kwalapho zimenywe ngokucacile yikhasimende. Enye inkolelo yesiko igxile ekuxoxisaneni ngezimali zomuntu ngokukhululekile. Ama-Poles angase akuthole kungakhululeki uma ebuzwa mayelana neholo lawo noma isimo sezimali ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sebhizinisi. Ukuhlonipha ubumfihlo mayelana nezindaba zezimali kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kugcinwe. Sekukonke, ukuqonda lezi zici zekhasimende - ukwazisa ngobudlelwane bomuntu siqu, ukwazisa ulwazi olunzulu lomkhiqizo - kanye nokugwema izihloko zomlando ezibucayi noma imibuzo exakayo mayelana nezimali zomuntu siqu kuzohamba ibanga elide ekukhonzeni ngempumelelo amakhasimende asePoland.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
I-Poland, eseCentral Europe, inemithetho nezinqubo ezithile ezithinta amasiko okufanele zilandelwe lapho kungena noma kuphuma izwe. Uhlelo lwamasiko ePoland lulula kodwa luqinile, luhlose ukugcina ukuphepha emngceleni nokulawula ukuhamba kwezimpahla ngempumelelo. Okokuqala, lapho ungena ePoland, kubalulekile ukuba nepasipoti esemthethweni esele okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha esemthethweni. Izakhamizi ze-EU zingangena ngokukhululeka ePoland namakhadi azo kamazisi kazwelonke. Izakhamizi ezingezona eze-EU zingadinga i-visa, kuye ngobuzwe bazo. Esikhungweni sokulawula umngcele wase-Poland noma kwikhawunta yokufika kwabantu esikhumulweni sezindiza, abahambi kudingeka bethule izincwadi zabo zokuhamba ukuze zihlolwe yiziphathimandla zasemngceleni. Kubalulekile ukuthi wonke amadokhumenti adingekayo alungele ukuqinisekiswa. Mayelana nezimpahla zomuntu siqu kanye nezibonelelo zamahhala, izakhamuzi ze-European Union ngokuvamile zivunyelwe ukuletha amanani angenamkhawulo wezimpahla ukuze azisebenzisele umuntu siqu ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo enengqondo ngaphandle kokukhokha intela noma izintela. Kodwa-ke, kunemikhawulo ezintweni ezithile ezifana notshwala nemikhiqizo kagwayi esekelwe emikhawulweni yobudala kanye nemikhawulo yenani. Abahambi abafika bevela ngaphandle kwe-EU badinga ukumemezela noma yiziphi izimpahla ezeqa imikhawulo ebekiwe ngokuphoqelekile lapho befika. Izinto ezifana nenani elikhulu lotshwala noma ugwayi oweqa imikhawulo engokomthetho kufanele zimenyezelwe Emaphoyinti Okulawulwa Kwempahla Ngisho noma ngaphansi kwaleyo mikhawulo - ukwehluleka kungase kubangele inhlawulo noma imiphumela yezomthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho ukuthwala izinto ezithile uziyise e-Poland njengezidakamizwa, izikhali (okuhlanganisa nezibhamu), imali-mbumbulu/imikhiqizo yomgunyathi, imisebenzi yobuciko engekho emthethweni/izinto zakudala ezinenani lomlando ngaphandle kwezimvume/amalayisensi afanelekile. Ukuqinisekisa ukungena okushelelayo ngenkathi udlula ezindaweni zamasiko zasePoland: 1. Phatha amaphepha omazisi afanele okuhlanganisa namaphasipoti/ama-visa. 2. Memezela noma yiziphi izinto ezeqa izibonelelo zamahhala. 3. Zijwayeze ngohlu lwezinto ezingavunyelwe ngaphambi kohambo lwakho. 4. Qaphela noma yiziphi iziqondiso ezengeziwe ezinikezwa izikhulu zentela. 5. Gcina wonke amarisidi/imibhalo ehlobene nokuthenga okubizayo okwenziwa phesheya ukuze kwethulwe uma kuceliwe. 6. Gwema ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini engase yephule imithetho/izimiso zamasiko zasePoland. Ukunamathela kule mihlahlandlela kuzosiza ekuqinisekiseni ukungena nokuphuma okungenazinkinga ngamasiko asePoland. Hlala ukhumbula ukuhlonipha nokuthobela imithetho nezimiso zezwe olivakashelayo.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-Poland, njengelungu le-European Union (EU), ilandela inqubomgomo evamile yentela eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Common Customs Tariff (CCT) ngokuthengwa kwamanye amazwe okuvela emazweni angewona awe-EU. I-CCT ibeka amanani entengo ezigaba zemikhiqizo ehlukene ngokusekelwe kumakhodi ayo e-Harmonised System (HS). Ngokuvamile, i-Poland isebenzisa amanani entengo ye-ad valorem ezimpahleni ezingenisiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani lentengo liyiphesenti yenani lempahla. Izinga elithile lincike kukhodi ye-HS eyabelwe isigaba somkhiqizo ngamunye yi-World Customs Organization. Kodwa-ke, njengengxenye yokuzibophezela kwayo ezivumelwaneni zohwebo lwamahhala kanye nokukhululwa kwezomnotho, iPoland isebenzise izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokunciphisa noma ukuqeda intela yezimpahla ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo, ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zohwebo zamazwe amabili kanye namazwe amaningi, imikhiqizo ethile ingase ijabulele ukuphathwa okukhethekile ngezintela ezincishisiwe noma eziziro. Ukwengeza, i-Poland isebenzisa izindawo ezimbalwa zezomnotho ezikhethekile ezinikeza izinzuzo ezifana nentela yemali engenayo encishisiwe yebhizinisi kanye nentela yempahla yamabhizinisi asebenza ngaphakathi kwalezi zindawo. Lezi zinzuzo zihlose ukuheha utshalomali oluqondile lwangaphandle kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezindaweni ezithile zase-Poland. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imisebenzi yokungenisa akuzona kuphela izintela ezisebenzayo lapho kufakwa izimpahla ePoland. I-Value Added Tax (VAT) nayo ikhokhiswa ngamanani ahlukahlukene ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lomkhiqizo. Izilinganiso ze-VAT e-Poland zisuka ku-5% ziye ku-23%, izimpahla eziningi zingaphansi kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile esingu-23%. Nokho, izinto ezithile ezifana nemikhiqizo yokudla noma izincwadi zingakhokhiswa intela ngamanani aphansi. I-Poland iphinde isebenzise izimfuneko zokulayisensa kwamanye amazwe ezigabeni ezithile zemikhiqizo efana nezibhamu, iziqhumane, izidakamizwa, noma amakhemikhali. Abathekelisi kumele bathole amalayisense kuziphathimandla ezifanele ngaphambi kokuba le mikhiqizo ingene ezweni ngokusemthethweni. Sekukonke, ukuqonda izinqubomgomo zentela yokungenisa yasePoland kudinga ulwazi lwemithetho ye-EU nezivumelwano zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ezithonya ukwakheka kwayo kwentela. Kuyafaneleka ukuthi amabhizinisi ahlose ukuthekelisa izimpahla afune usizo lochwepheshe noma abhekise ngqo emithonjeni esemthethweni efana neziphathimandla zempahla yasePoland ukuze uthole ulwazi olunembile nolwakamuva olumayelana nentela kanye nezimfuneko ezihlobene nemikhiqizo yabo ethile.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
IPoland iyizwe eliseCentral Europe futhi yaziwa ngomkhakha walo oqinile wokuthekelisa. Izwe selisebenzise izinqubomgomo zentela ezimbalwa ezihlobene nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. 1. I-Value-Added Tax (VAT): I-Poland ibeka intela yenani elingeziwe ezimpahleni namasevisi amaningi, okuhlanganisa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Izinga le-VAT elijwayelekile njengamanje lingama-23%, kodwa kunamazinga ancishisiwe angu-5% no-8% ezintweni ezithile ezifana nezincwadi, imithi, neminye imikhiqizo yezolimo. Kodwa-ke, uma kuziwa ekuthumeleni izimpahla ngaphandle kwe-European Union (EU), amabhizinisi ase-Poland angafaka isicelo se-VAT yezinga elinguziro kulokhu kuthenga. 2. Intela Yempahla: I-Poland intela intela yempahla emikhiqizweni ethile njengotshwala, ugwayi, iziphuzo ezinikeza amandla, kanye nophethiloli. Lezi zintela zivame ukukhokhwa abakhiqizi basekhaya noma abangenisa impahla ngaphandle ngaphambi kokuba imikhiqizo ifinyelele ezandleni zabathengi. Ezimpahleni eziqondiswe ezimakethe zokuthekelisa ngaphakathi kwe-EU noma ngaphandle kwayo, lezi zindleko zempahla zingakhululwa noma zibuyiselwe ngokugcwalisa imibhalo efanele neziphathimandla ezifanele. 3.Imisebenzi Yokuthekelisa: Okwamanje, i-Poland ayikhokhisi noma yimiphi imisebenzi yokuthekelisa ezimpahleni eziningi ezishiya indawo yayo. Kodwa-ke, izinsiza ezithile ezifana nokhuni zingase zibe ngaphansi kwezindleko zemvelo noma izintela uma zithunyelwa ngaphandle komkhawulo othile obekwe uhulumeni. 4.Imisebenzi Yentela: Njengengxenye yesivumelwano se-EU's Customs Union iPoland eyilungu laso kusukela yajoyina ngo-2004, akukho ntela yentela ethweswayo phakathi kwemingcele yamazwe angamalungu e-EU lapho ihwebelana. Kodwa-ke, imisebenzi yentela ingase isebenze lapho kuthunyelwa izimpahla zisuka e-Poland ziye emazweni angewona awe-EU kuye ngezivumelwano zawo zohwebo noma izinqubomgomo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imithetho yentela ingase ishintshe ngokusekelwe ezimweni zezomnotho nezinto ezibalulekile kuzwelonke; ngakho-ke ukuhlala unolwazi ngeziphathimandla ezilawulayo zasePoland kubaluleka ngenkathi uhlanganyela emisebenzini yohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe ehlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla evela ePoland.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
IPoland, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhulikhi yasePoland, iyizwe laseYurophu eliseCentral Europe. Inomnotho oqinile futhi ohlukahlukene ogcizelela kakhulu ukukhiqiza nokuthumela ngaphandle. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuhambisana kwezimpahla zayo ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, iPoland yenze izinqubo ezimbalwa zokunikeza izitifiketi. Uma kukhulunywa ngokuthumela impahla evela ePoland, izinkampani zidinga ukuthola Isitifiketi Sokuthekelisa. Lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana namazinga athile ekhwalithi futhi ithobela imithetho ekhona. Inqubo yesitifiketi yenganyelwe iziphathimandla ezifanelekile zase-Polish ezifana ne-Polish Agency for Enterprise Development (PARP) kanye nezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene eziqondene nomkhakha othile. Izidingo ezithile zokuthola isitifiketi sokuthekelisa ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yezolimo kumele ihambisane nemithetho ebekwe yi-State Plant Health and Seed Inspection Service (PIORiN), kuyilapho ukudla kudinga ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha ezibekwe yizinhlangano ezifana ne-National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI). Ukuze bathole isitifiketi sokuthekelisa, amabhizinisi kufanele alethe imibhalo enemininingwane mayelana nemikhiqizo yawo, okuhlanganisa ulwazi mayelana nezinqubo zokukhiqiza, izithako ezisetshenzisiwe (uma zikhona), izinto zokupakisha, izimo zokugcina, kanye nezidingo zokulebula. Ukwengeza, izinkampani zingase zibe ngaphansi kokuhlolwa kwendawo noma ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo okwenziwa amalabhorethri agunyaziwe. Ukuba nesitifiketi sokuthekelisa kwengeza ukwethembeka emikhiqizweni yasePoland ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe njengoba kuqinisekisa abathengi ukuthi bathenga izimpahla zekhwalithi ephezulu ezithobela izindinganiso zokulawula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwe athile angase adinge lezi zitifiketi ngezinjongo zokugunyazwa kwentela. Sengiphetha, iPoland ibeka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izimpahla zayo ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi ezidingekayo ngokuthola izitifiketi zokuthekelisa. Lokhu kusiza ukukhuthaza ukwethembana phakathi kwabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ngenkathi kukhuthazwa ukuhweba kwe-Polish emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Poland iyizwe elise-Central Europe futhi yaziwa ngokuba khona kwayo okuqinile embonini yezokuthutha nezokuthutha. Nazi ezinye izincomo zezinsizakalo ze-logistics e-Poland: 1. I-DHL: I-DHL ingomunye wabahlinzeki bezokuthutha abahamba phambili emhlabeni wonke futhi inobukhona obubalulekile e-Poland. Bahlinzeka ngezinsiza eziningi ezihlanganisa ukulethwa okusheshayo, ezokuthutha izimpahla, ukuphathwa kwe-supply chain, kanye nezixazululo ze-e-commerce. Ngenethiwekhi yabo ebanzi nezinsiza zesimanje, i-DHL ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezithembekile nezisebenza kahle zezokuthutha. 2. I-FedEx: Enye inkampani ehlonishwayo yezithunywa zomhlaba wonke esebenza e-Poland yi-FedEx. Bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokulethwa okusheshayo kukho kokubili ukuthunyelwa kwasekhaya nokwamanye amazwe. I-FedEx inikezela ngezixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zebhizinisi ezahlukahlukene njengokudiliva okunesikhathi esinqunyiwe, usizo lokugunyazwa kwentela, indawo yokugcina impahla, nokusabalalisa. 3. I-Polish Post (Poczta Polska): Isevisi yeposi kazwelonke e-Poland iphinde inikeze izixazululo zezokuthutha ezihlanganisa ukulethwa kwamaphasela ngaphakathi kwezwe kanye nezinketho zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe. I-Polish Post inenethiwekhi yegatsha ebanzi eyenza ifinyeleleke kalula kumakhasimende ezweni lonke. 4. I-DB Schenker: I-DB Schenker ingumhlinzeki wezokuthutha womhlaba wonke osebenza e-Poland ehlinzeka ngezinsiza eziphelele zokuthutha nezokuthutha ezifana nempahla yendiza, ukuthutha olwandle, ezokuthutha ngomgwaqo, ukugcinwa kwempahla, ukuhanjiswa kwenkontileka, i-custom brokerage, nokuphathwa kwe-supply chain. 5. I-Rhenus Logistics: I-Rhenus Logistics igxile ekuhlinzekeni ngezixazululo ezididiyelwe zokufika ekupheleni eziklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zamakhasimende kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ezezimoto, ezokuthengisa & nezimpahla zabathengi, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo nemithi phakathi kwezinye. 6 .GEFCO: I-GEFCO Group ihlinzeka ngezixazululo ze-global supply chain emikhakheni yezimboni njengeyezimoto; i-aerospace; i-high Tech; ukunakekela impilo; imikhiqizo yezimboni njll.Zinamahhovisi amaningana kulo lonke elase-Poland ahlinzeka ngosekelo lwezinga eliphezulu lokuphela kokuphela Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa nje zabahlinzeki besevisi abamiswe kahle abasebenza e-Poland. Kuhlale kuhle ukuthi wenze ucwaningo olufanele olusekelwe ezidingweni zakho zebhizinisi ngaphambi kokukhetha noma yimuphi umhlinzeki wesevisi othile. Sengiphetha,'Lapho ukhetha umhlinzeki wesevisi yezokuthutha e-Poland, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinto ezifana nenethiwekhi yabo, ukwethembeka, ukuphumelela kwezindleko, irekhodi lokusebenza, kanye nekhono lokuphatha izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpahla nokuthunyelwa'.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

I-Poland iyizwe elise-Central Europe elinikeza iziteshi eziningi ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe nemibukiso yohwebo yamabhizinisi afuna ukwandisa ukufinyelela kwawo. Ngendawo yayo yamasu, umnotho ozinzile, kanye nokugcizelela okuqinile kwezobuchwepheshe nokuqanjwa kabusha, iPoland isiphenduke indawo ekhangayo yabathengi bomhlaba. Nazi ezinye zeziteshi ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla zamazwe ngamazwe nemibukiso yezohwebo e-Poland: 1. I-Trade Fairs Poland: Lona ngomunye wabahleli abahamba phambili bemibukiso yezohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe ezweni. Baphatha imicimbi emikhakheni eyahlukene yezimboni njengezolimo, ezokwakha, ukucubungula ukudla, imishini, ezezimoto, izindwangu nokunye. 2. I-International Fair Plovdiv (IFP): I-IFP umcimbi waminyaka yonke obanjelwa e-Poznan oheha abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nogesi, ukukhiqizwa kwefenisha, imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, izinsizakalo/imikhiqizo ye-IT. 3. Izinsuku Zebhizinisi Zase-Warsaw: Umcimbi okhethekile ogxile emihlanganweni yebhizinisi nebhizinisi yazo zombili izinkampani zasePoland nezangaphandle ezinentshisekelo yokwakha ubudlelwano noma ukuthola imikhiqizo evela kubakhiqizi basePoland. 4. Izinsuku Eziluhlaza: Lo mbukiso ubonisa imikhiqizo eco-friendly noma izinsizakalo ezivela ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo (amaphaneli elanga), izinto zokupakisha ezilungele imvelo (amapulasitiki abolayo), izinto zokwakha ezisimeme (ugodo). 5. I-Digitalk: Lo mcimbi ugxile ezixazululweni zokumaketha zedijithali ezifana nemikhankaso yokukhangisa yenkundla yezokuxhumana eqondise abantu abathile noma izindawo ngokusebenzisa izinkundla ezifana ne-Facebook Ads noma i-Google AdWords. 6. I-E-commerce Expo Warsaw: Njengoba umkhakha we-e-commerce ukhula ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke; lo mbukiso uhlinzeka ngamathuba kumabhizinisi ukuthi ahlole ukusebenzelana okungase kube khona nezinkampani zasePoland ezigxile kumapulatifomu okuthengisa aku-inthanethi. 7.Imibukiso Yohwebo Lwefenisha Yamazwe Ngamazwe: I-Poland inemibukiso yefenisha eminingana ebalulekile efana ne-Meble Polska - I-International Furniture Fair enikeza inkundla yokubonisa imiklamo emisha nezitayela ezibhekelela kokubili izidingo zokuhlala nezohwebo; iheha abathengisi bomhlaba abafuna abahlinzeki/abasabalalisi abasha. 8.I-Auto Moto Show Kraków: Ihlanganisa ndawonye ochwepheshe bemboni yezimoto babonisa ubuchwepheshe babo bakamuva/izinto ezintsha ezihlobene nezimoto/izithuthuthu; yithuba elihle kakhulu labathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna ukuthola izinto zezimoto noma bahlole ubudlelwano bebhizinisi. 9.Iviki Lomkhakha Wase-Warsaw: Ingenye yemicimbi emikhulu kakhulu eqondene nemboni ethile e-Poland, eheha ochwepheshe abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nokukhiqiza imishini, ukuhlelwa kwezinto, ezishintshayo kanye namarobhothi. Ababonisi bangaxhumana namakhasimende angaba khona nabaphakeli. 10. Imihlangano ye-B2B: Ngaphandle kwemibukiso yezohwebo nemibukiso, i-Poland iphinde inikeze amathuba emihlangano yebhizinisi eqondile yomuntu ngamunye ehlelwa yi-Chamber of Commerce/Trade Associations ukuze kube lula ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabathumeli bangaphandle basePoland nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Sengiphetha, iPoland inikezela ngeziteshi ezahlukahlukene zokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe nemibukiso yezohwebo ebhekelela izimboni ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kuvumela amabhizinisi avela emhlabeni wonke ukuthi ahlole ubambiswano olungase lube khona, bathole imikhiqizo/amasevisi, futhi andise ukuba khona kwabo ezimakethe zomhlaba.
I-Poland, njengezwe elise-Central Europe, inezinjini zokusesha ezimbalwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa. Nalu uhlu lwezinye izinjini zokusesha ezidumile e-Poland kanye nama-URL wewebhusayithi yabo: 1. I-Google Poland: Inguqulo yesi-Polish yenjini yokusesha esetshenziswa kakhulu. Iwebhusayithi: www.google.pl 2. I-Onet.pl: Ingosi yewebhu edumile yasePoland kanye nenjini yokusesha. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.onet.pl 3. I-WP.pl: Enye ingosi yewebhu yasePoland eyaziwa kakhulu enikezela ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ukusesha. Iwebhusayithi: www.wp.pl 4. Interia.pl: Umhlinzeki wesevisi ye-inthanethi wasePoland ophinde ahlinzeke ngenjini yokusesha. Iwebhusayithi http://www.interia.pl 5. I-DuckDuckGo PL (https://duckduckgo.com/?q=pl): Injini yokusesha egxile kubumfihlo egxile ekungalandeleleni idatha yomsebenzisi. 6. I-Bing (isifunda sasePoland): Enye ye-Microsoft esikhundleni se-Google, iyatholakala futhi esifundeni sase-Polish. Iwebhusayithi (khetha isifunda sasePoland): www.bing.com 7. I-Yandex Polska (https://yandex.com.tr/polska/): I-Yandex yinkampani ezinze e-Russian futhi inguqulo yayo yesi-Polish inikeza imiphumela yendawo kubasebenzisi base-Poland. 8. Usesho lwe-Allegro (https://allegrosearch.allegrogroup.com/): I-Allegro iyinkundla ye-e-commerce edumile e-Poland futhi umsebenzi wayo wokusesha uvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole imikhiqizo namasevisi. Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zezinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa e-Poland, kodwa kungase kube nezinye futhi kuye ngokuncanyelwayo okuthile noma izidingo zesifunda zabantu ngabanye noma amabhizinisi ezweni. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lolu lwazi lungashintsha njengoba ubuchwepheshe bushintsha, ngakho-ke kuhlala kunconywa ukuthi uhlole kabili emithonjeni ethembekile ukuze uthole ulwazi lwakamuva olumayelana nezinjini zokusesha ezidumile kunoma yiliphi izwe elihlanganisa i-Poland.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

Uhlu lwemibhalo lwasePoland oluyinhloko lwe-Yellow Pages luhlanganisa uchungechunge lwezinkundla eziku-inthanethi ezisiza abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole amabhizinisi, amasevisi, kanye nolwazi lokuxhumana. Naba abavelele kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi yabo: 1. I-GoldenLine.pl (https://www.goldenline.pl/) - I-GoldenLine iyisizindalwazi esidumile se-social network yase-Polish esihlinzeka ngezinkomba zebhizinisi, ukufakwa kuhlu kwemisebenzi, nolwazi lokuxhumana lwezinkampani ezihlukahlukene. 2. I-Pkt.pl (https://www.pkt.pl/) - I-Pkt.pl inikeza uhla lwemibhalo olunamakhasi aphuzi lwamabhizinisi asePoland. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe izinkampani ngamagama, isigaba, noma indawo. 3. I-Panorama Firm (http://panoramafirm.pl/) - I-Panorama Firm ingenye yezinhlu zebhizinisi ezinkulu e-Poland ezinemininingwane yokuxhumana nolwazi olumayelana namabhizinisi ahlukahlukene kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukene. 4. I-Książka Telefoniczna (http://ksiazka-telefoniczna.com/) - I-Książka Telefoniczna inguqulo eku-inthanethi yenkomba yocingo e-Poland lapho abasebenzisi bangasesha khona izinombolo zocingo noma amabhizinisi ngegama noma ngendawo. 5. I-BiznesFinder (https://www.biznesfinder.pl/) - I-BiznesFinder iyinkundla ye-inthanethi enikeza ulwazi olubanzi mayelana nezinkampani ezisebenza e-Poland, okuhlanganisa amaphrofayili azo, imikhiqizo/izinkonzo ezinikezwayo, kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana. 6. Zumi.pl (https://www.zumi.pl/) - I-Zumi inikeza uhlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi endawo kanye namamephu awusizo nezikhombisi-ndlela zokuqondisa abasebenzisi ekutholeni izindawo ezithile noma amasevisi abawadingayo. 7. I-YellowPages PL (https://yellowpages-pl.cybo.com/)- I-YellowPages PL inikezela ngohlu lwebhizinisi kuzo zonke izigaba ezahlukahlukene ezweni lonke kuyilapho ihlinzeka ngokubuyekezwa kwabasebenzisi nezilinganiso ukusiza ukuqondisa inqubo yokuthatha izinqumo zabathengi. Lawa mawebhusayithi anikeza imininingwane egcwele ehlanganisa izifunda ezihlukene ngaphakathi kwePoland; okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole abahlinzeki abafunwayo ngokusekelwe kumibandela ethile efana nohlobo lomkhakha, ukunethezeka kwendawo noma ukukalwa kwekhasimende.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

IPoland, eseCentral Europe, inemakethe ye-e-commerce ethuthukisiwe enezinkundla ezimbalwa ezinkulu ze-inthanethi. Nawa amanye amapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce ePoland kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi yawo: 1. Allegro (www.allegro.pl): I-Allegro iyindawo yemakethe enkulu kunazo zonke nedume kakhulu ku-inthanethi e-Poland. Ihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, ehlanganisa izinto zikagesi, imfashini, izinto zasendlini, nokunye. 2. I-OLX (www.olx.pl): I-OLX ingosi yezikhangiso ehlukanisiwe lapho abasebenzisi bengathenga futhi bathengise imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ezigabeni ezihlukene njengezimoto, izindlu ezithengiswayo, izinto zikagesi, nefenisha. 3. I-Ceneo (www.ceneo.pl): I-Ceneo iyinjini yokuthenga yokuqhathanisa evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baqhathanise amanani futhi bathole amadili angcono kakhulu emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene evela ezitolo eziku-inthanethi ezihlukene e-Poland. 4. I-Zalando (www.zalando.pl): I-Zalando iyinkundla yezemfashini yamazwe ngamazwe enikezela ngezingubo, izicathulo, izesekeli zabesilisa, abesifazane, nezingane ezivela kokubili imikhiqizo yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe. 5. I-Empik (www.empik.com): I-Empik ingenye yezitolo ezinkulu zase-Poland ezihlinzeka ngezincwadi, ama-albhamu omculo nama-DVD/Blu-Rays movies kanye namadivayisi kagesi afana nama-smartphone noma ama-e-readers. 6. I-RTV EURO AGD (www.euro.com.pl): I-RTV EURO AGD igxile ekuthengiseni izinto zikagesi zabathengi njengama-TV, iziqandisi noma imishini yokuwasha kanye namagajethi kagesi afana nama-smartphone noma amakhompyutha aphathekayo. 7. I-MediaMarkt (mediamarkt.pl) - I-MediaMarkt ingomunye umthengisi odumile ogxile ezintweni zikagesi ezithengwayo kanye nezinto zikagesi zasendlini. 8. I-Decathlon (decathlon.pl) - I-Decathlon inikeza uhla olubanzi lwezimpahla zemidlalo zemisebenzi efana nokugijima, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili noma ukubhukuda kumabanga ahlukene wamanani. 9 .E-obuwie(https://eobuwie.com.pl/) - I-E-obuwie igxile kakhulu ezicathulweni zabesilisa , abesifazane noma izingane ezihlinzeka ngezinhlobo eziningi zezitayela nemikhiqizo. Lezi zinkundla zinikeza indlela elula nevikelekile kubathengi basePoland yokuthenga ku-inthanethi, enikeza ukukhetha kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene nezintengo ezincintisanayo.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

I-Poland inezinkundla zokuxhumana ezahlukahlukene lapho abantu bengaxhumana khona futhi bahlanganyele. Nazi ezinye izinkundla zokuxhumana ezidumile ePoland kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi yabo: 1. I-Facebook (www.facebook.com) - I-Facebook iyindawo yokuxhumana nabantu esetshenziswa kakhulu e-Poland, enikeza izici ezihlukahlukene njengokwabelana ngokuthunyelwe, izithombe, amavidiyo, nokuxhumana nabangane. 2. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com) - I-Instagram wuhlelo lokusebenza lokwabelana ngezithombe oludumile e-Poland. Abasebenzisi bathumela izithombe namavidiyo kuyilapho behlanganyela nabanye ngokuphawula nangokuthanda. 3. I-Twitter (www.twitter.com) - I-Twitter ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babelane ngemilayezo emifushane ebizwa ngokuthi ama-tweets. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kuzibuyekezo zesikhathi sangempela ezindabeni, imicimbi, nemibono ePoland. 4. I-LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com) - I-LinkedIn iyisizindalwazi sokuxhumana esivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze amaphrofayili abo ochwepheshe, baxhumane nozakwabo, bathole amathuba emisebenzi, futhi babambe iqhaza ezingxoxweni ezihlobene nemboni. 5. I-Wykop (www.wykop.pl) - I-Wykop iwebhusayithi yezindaba zomphakathi yasePoland lapho abasebenzisi bangathola futhi babelane ngezindatshana noma izixhumanisi ezihlobene nezihloko ezihlukahlukene ezifana nobuchwepheshe, izindaba, ezokuzijabulisa, njll. 6. I-GoldenLine (www.goldenline.pl) - I-GoldenLine iyinkundla yezokuxhumana echwepheshile efana ne-LinkedIn kodwa egxile kakhulu emakethe yemisebenzi yasePoland. Abasebenzisi bangakhombisa amakhono abo noma baseshe abangaba abaqashi noma abasebenzi ngaphakathi kwePoland. 7. I-NK.pl (nk.pl) - I-NK.pl ingenye yezinkundla zokuxhumana ezindala kakhulu zase-Polish lapho abantu bengakha amaphrofayili womuntu siqu ukuze baxhumane nabangane ngokusebenzisa izici zemiyalezo kanye nokwabelana ngezithombe noma amavidiyo. 8. I-Nasza Klasa (nk24.naszkola.edu.pl/index.php/klasa0ucznia/) - Ekuqaleni yakhelwe ukuxhumanisa ababefunda nabo esikoleni ku-inthanethi ("nasza klasa" isho "ikilasi lethu" ngesi-Polish), isiguquke yaba inkundla yokuxhumana ebanzi okuvumela abantu ukuthi bahlanganyele ngemiyalezo noma ngamaqembu asuselwe kwintshisekelo. I-9.Tumblr(tumblr.com) -I-Tumblr iyinkundla yokubhuloga lapho abasebenzisi bangabelana ngokuqukethwe kwe-multimedia njengezithombe, amavidiyo, nokuthunyelwe kwebhulogi yefomu elifushane. Idume kakhulu entsheni yasePoland. 10. I-Snapchat (www.snapchat.com) - I-Snapchat uhlelo lokusebenza lwemiyalezo ye-multimedia esetshenziswa kabanzi e-Poland ngokwabelana ngezithombe namavidiyo nabangane noma ukuthumela izindaba ezinyamalala ngemuva kwamahora angama-24. Khumbula ukuthi izinkundla zokuxhumana zingahluka ekudumeni nasekusetshenzisweni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke kuhlale kukuhle ukucwaninga nokuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngamathrendi akamuva enkundla yezokuxhumana yase-Poland.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

I-Poland, eyizwe elinomnotho ohlukahlukene futhi onamandla, inezinhlangano eziningi zezimboni ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekwesekeni nasekukhuthazeni imikhakha eyahlukene. Ezinye zezinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni ePoland yilezi: 1. I-Polish Confederation Lewiatan - Ingenye yezinhlangano ezinkulu zabaqashi e-Poland futhi imele izintshisekelo zabanikazi bamabhizinisi emikhakheni eyahlukene. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.lewiatan.pl/en/homepage 2. I-Polish Chamber of Commerce (KIG) - I-KIG yinhlangano esekela ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngokuhlinzeka ngamathuba okuxhumana, ulwazi, kanye nolwazi kumalungu ayo. Iwebhusayithi: https://kig.pl/en/ 3. I-Association of Polish Electrical Engineers (SEP) - I-SEP imele ochwepheshe abasebenza kwezobunjiniyela bakagesi nezimboni ezihlobene, okuhloswe ngayo ukukhuthaza ucwaningo, ukuthuthukiswa, imfundo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili. Iwebhusayithi http://www.sep.com.pl/language/en/ 4. I-Association of Engineers and Technicians of Motorization (SIMP) - I-SIMP ihlanganisa ndawonye ochwepheshe abavela emkhakheni wezimoto ukuze bacobelelane ngolwazi nolwazi mayelana nokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe ezimotweni. Iwebhusayithi http://simp.org.pl/english-version/ 5. I-Association for Development Support "EKOLAND" - I-EKOLAND ikhuthaza izinqubo zentuthuko ezisimeme ezifana ne-eco-innovation, izixazululo zamandla avuselelekayo, amasu okuphatha udoti kuyilapho ikhuthaza izinqubomgomo ezivumelana nemvelo phakathi kwamabhizinisi. Iwebhusayithi http://ekoland.orbit.net.pl/english-2/ 6. I-Polish Industrial Gas Association (SIGAZ) - I-SIGAZ imele izinkampani ezibandakanyekayo ekukhiqizeni igesi, ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokusabalalisa nokufakwa kanye nokweluleka ngezindaba eziphathelene negesi. Iwebhusayithi https://www.sigaz.org/?lang=en 7. I-Warsaw Destination Alliance (WDA) – i-WDA ithuthukisa umkhakha wezokuvakasha wase-Warsaw ngokudala izimo ezikahle kubanikazi bamahhotela/izitolo zokudlela ngokusebenzisana nezikhungo zikahulumeni namabhizinisi ezivakashi. Iwebhusayithi http://warsawnetwork.org/en/about-us/ 8. I-Union Of Entrepreneurs And Employer Organizations Of Poland (ZPP) - I-ZPP inikeza ukwesekwa kwebhizinisi, iqapha ukushintshwa kwemithetho kanye nokunxenxa izinguquko kanye nokukhuthaza isimo sengqondo samabhizinisi. Iwebhusayithi http://www.zpp.net.pl/en/ Lezi zinhlangano zibonisa izinhlobonhlobo zemikhakha nezimboni e-Poland. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uhlu aluphelele, njengoba kunezinye izinhlangano eziningi zezimboni ezisebenza ePoland kuye ngemikhakha ethile noma ubungcweti.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

IPoland, njengezwe elithuthukayo laseYurophu, inezingosi ezimbalwa zezomnotho nezohwebo ezinikeza ulwazi olubalulekile nezinsiza zamabhizinisi. Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi avelele ezomnotho nezohwebo e-Poland kanye nama-URL awo ahambisanayo: 1. I-Polish Investment and Trade Agency (PAIH) - I-ejensi esemthethweni kahulumeni enesibopho sokuphromotha ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe e-Poland. Iwebhusayithi https://www.trade.gov.pl/en 2. Ihhovisi Lezibalo Ezimaphakathi (GUS) - Inikeza idatha yezibalo egcwele ezicini ezihlukahlukene zomnotho wasePoland. Iwebhusayithi: https://stat.gov.pl/en/ 3. I-Warsaw Stock Exchange (GPW) - I-stock exchange enkulu kunazo zonke e-Central Europe, ehlinzeka ngolwazi lwemakethe, uhlu lwezinkampani, kanye nezinsizakalo zokuhweba. Iwebhusayithi https://www.gpw.pl/home 4. I-National Bank of Poland (NBP) - Ibhange elikhulu lase-Poland linikeza ulwazi ngenqubomgomo yezimali, ukuzinza kwezezimali, izibalo, nemithethonqubo. Iwebhusayithi https://www.nbp.pl/home.aspx?f=/en/index.html 5.Poland-Export Portal- Uhla lwemibhalo oluxhumanisa abathumeli bangaphandle basePoland nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ezolimo, amaminerali, imishini, izindwangu, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi: https://poland-export.com/ 6.Poland Chamber of Commerce(ICP)- Inhlangano esekela osomabhizinisi ngokuhlinzeka ngamathuba okuxhumana, ukubonisana namabhizinisi, izinsizakalo, kanye nemizamo yokunxenxa Iwebhusayithi http://ir.mpzlkp.cameralab.info/ 7.Pracuj.pl- Enye yezingosi zemisebenzi ehamba phambili ePoland lapho abaqashi bengathumela khona imisebenzi ngenkathi abantu bengasesha amathuba omsebenzi afanelekile. Iwebhusayithi http://www.pracuj.pl/en. 8.Hlonline24- Imakethe yokuthenga noma ukuthengisa imikhiqizo ethe xaxa evela ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezifana ne-electronics, fashion, gadgets, ifenisha, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi http://www.hlonline24.com/. Lawa mawebhusayithi anikezela ngemininingwane ebalulekile ngomnotho wasePoland, amathuba okutshala imali, izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni, izimakethe ezinkulu, izimakethe zezabasebenzi, izinkomba zebhizinisi, izibalo zokuhweba, imibiko yedatha, nokuningi. Khumbula ukuvakashela iwebhusayithi ngayinye kulawa ukuze uhlole ukunikezwa kwawo okuthile futhi uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva oluhlobene nomnotho wase-Poland kanye nohwebo.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa emibuzo yedatha yokuhweba atholakalayo ePoland. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa kanye namakheli azo ewebhusayithi ahambisanayo: 1. Ihhovisi Lezibalo Elikhulu (Główny Urząd Statystyczny) - www.stat.gov.pl - Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yehhovisi lezibalo likahulumeni wase-Poland inikeza izibalo zohwebo eziphelele, ezihlanganisa idatha yokungenisa nokuthekelisa, ibhalansi yokuhweba, kanye nolwazi oluqondene nomkhakha othile. 2. Imephu Yokuhweba - www.trademap.org - Inikwa amandla yi-International Trade Center (ITC), le nkundla inikeza izibalo zohwebo ezinemininingwane ye-Poland, okuhlanganisa abalingani abaphezulu bohwebo, imikhiqizo ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe/engenisiwe, kanye nezinkomba ezifanele njengezintela kanye nezinyathelo ezingakhokhisi . 3. I-Export Genius - www.exportgenius.in - Le webhusayithi inikeza ukufinyelela kukho kokubili idatha yokuhweba yomlando neyesikhathi sangempela yasePoland. Ihlanganisa izici ezihlukahlukene ezifana namakhodi e-HS, ukuhlaziya okuhlakaniphile komkhiqizo, amachweba amakhulu okungena/okuphumayo, amazwe okuyiwa kuwo kwezohwebo. 4. I-Eurostat Comext Database - ec.europa.eu/eurostat/comext/ - I-Eurostat ihhovisi lezibalo le-European Union (EU), elibhekele ukuhlinzeka ngezibalo zohwebo ezinemininingwane phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu. Isizindalwazi se-Comext sifaka phakathi ulwazi olubanzi mayelana nokungeniswa nokuthekeliswayo kwe-intra-EU yasePoland. 5. Isizindalwazi se-UN Comtrade - comtrade.un.org/Data/SelectionModules.aspx?di=10&ds=2&r=616-620&lg=13&px=default_no_result_tabs_csv_demoPluginViewEnabled&VW=T Ihlinzekwe yi-United Nations Statistical Division (UNSD), le nkundla ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafinyelele idatha yohwebo yomhlaba wonke njengoba kubikwe yizizwe ngokwazo—kuhlanganise nePoland—impahla ehlanganisayo ehlelwe ngaphansi kwezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlukanisa njenge-HS noma amakhodi e-SITC. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lolu hlu aluphelele futhi kungase kube namanye amawebhusayithi atholakalayo anezici ezifanayo noma ezengeziwe ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zakho ezithile zokuhweba maqondana nePoland.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

E-Poland, kunezinkundla ezimbalwa ze-B2B ezibhekelela amabhizinisi futhi ziqhubekisele phambili imisebenzi yohwebo. Nazi ezinye ezivelele: 1. eFirma.pl (https://efirma.pl) I-eFirma iyinkundla ye-B2B ePoland enikezela ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene zebhizinisi njengokubhaliswa kwenkampani, ukubalwa kwezimali, ukwesekwa kwezomthetho, nokuningi. 2. I-GlobalBroker (https://www.globalbroker.pl/) I-GlobalBroker ihlinzeka ngendawo yemakethe ye-B2B lapho amabhizinisi angathola khona imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene kubahlinzeki kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene ePoland. 3. I-TradeIndia (https://www.tradeindia.com/Seller/Poland/) I-TradeIndia iyindawo yemakethe ye-B2B eku-inthanethi exhumanisa abathengi basePoland nabahlinzeki bamazwe ngamazwe. Ihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo futhi ibhekelela izimboni ezahlukahlukene. 4. I-DDTech (http://ddtech.pl/) I-DDTech iyinkundla ehamba phambili ye-B2B ePoland esebenza ngokukhethekile ngezinsizakalo ze-IT nezisombululo. Ixhuma amabhizinisi nabahlinzeki bezobuchwepheshe bokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, ukwakheka kwewebhu, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, njll. 5. Otafogo (https://otafogo.com/pl) I-Otafogo iyinkundla ye-B2B esungulayo egxile ekuxhumaniseni abathengi basePoland nabaphakeli baseShayina ngemisebenzi yokungenisa nokuthekelisa kuzo zonke izigaba zemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene. 6. BiznesPartnerski (http://biznespartnerski.pl/) I-BiznesPartnerski isebenza njengenkomba yezinkampani zasePoland ezifuna ukusungula ubambiswano lwebhizinisi ngaphakathi kwezwe noma phesheya ngokufaka kuhlu amathuba okusebenzisana okungenzeka. 7. I-Gemius Business Intelligence (https://www.gemius.com/business-intelligence.html) I-Gemius Business Intelligence ihlinzeka ngedatha yocwaningo lwemakethe nokuhlaziya amabhizinisi asebenza e-Poland ngokusebenzisa inkundla yayo eku-inthanethi eyenzelwe ngqo imininingwane yemakethe. Lezi zinkundla zinikeza izinsiza ezihlukahlukene ukusiza amabhizinisi ukuthi axhumane nabangase abe ozakwethu noma abahlinzeki bempahla ngaphakathi kwemakethe yasePoland noma andise ukufinyelela kwawo emhlabeni jikelele.
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