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Izimakethe Eziyinhloko
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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
IBulgaria, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhulikhi yaseBulgaria, iyizwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu. Njengoba inabantu ababalelwa ezigidini eziyisi-7, ithatha indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-110,994. Inhloko-dolobha nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke eBulgaria yiSofia. IBulgaria inomlando ocebile osukela emuva ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka. Yake yaba yingxenye yoMbuso WaseBulgaria ngezikhathi zenkathi ephakathi futhi kamuva yaba ngaphansi kombuso wama-Ottoman cishe amakhulu amahlanu eminyaka. Izwe lathola inkululeko kuMbuso Wase-Ottoman ngo-1908. I-geography yaseBulgaria ihlukahlukene futhi ihlukahlukene. Izungezwe iRomania enyakatho, iSerbia neNyakatho Macedonia ngasentshonalanga, iGrisi neTurkey eningizimu, noLwandle Olumnyama ngasempumalanga. Indawo inezintaba ezinkulu ezifana ne-Rila ne-Pirin ezineziqongo zazo ezinhle eziheha izivakashi eziningi ngokushushuluza noma ukuqwala izintaba. Ezolimo zidlala indima enkulu emnothweni waseBulgaria ngenxa yamathafa avundile kanye nesimo sezulu esivumayo sokutshala ukolweni, ummbila, ubhekilanga, imifino, izithelo kanye nokufuya imfuyo njengezinkomo nezinkukhu. Izimboni ezifana nokukhiqiza (okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwemishini), izimayini (zetshe lensimbi yethusi), i-metallurgy (ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi), izindwangu (okuhlanganisa nokukhiqizwa kukawoyela wama-rose) nazo zineqhaza elibalulekile. Isici esisodwa esiphawulekayo sesiko lesi-Bulgarian amasiko akhona ahlanganisa imidanso enempilo efana ne-"horo" ehambisana nomculo wesintu odlalwa kumathuluzi afana namapayipi noma amathamborini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe selikhiqize abaculi abadumile abafana noChristo Vladimirov Javacheff - owaziwa ngokufaka kwakhe imvelo ngezinga elikhulu. Abantu baseBulgaria ikakhulukazi bangamaKristu Esonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseMpumalanga abathonya imikhuba yabo yenkolo, umculo, nobuciko. Ukudla kwesiBulgaria kuhlanganisa izinto ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene angomakhelwane nezitsha ezifana ne-banitsa(ikhekhe le-filo eligcwele ushizi) noma i-kebapche(inyama egayiwe). Imikhosi yendabuko efana no-Baba Marta ngo-March 1st efanekisela intwasahlobo yokwamukela, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Martenitsa, ivame ukugujwa ezweni lonke. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iBulgaria ibone ukukhula kwezokuvakasha, iheha izivakashi ngobuhle bayo bemvelo nezimpawu zomhlaba ezingokomlando ezifana neRila Monastery noma inqaba yaseVeliko Tarnovo yasendulo. Izwe laziwa nangogu lwalo oluhle olugudle uLwandle Olumnyama, elihlinzeka ngezindawo zokungcebeleka zasolwandle ezahlukahlukene kanye nempilo yasebusuku enempilo. Sekukonke, iBulgaria iyizwe elihlukahlukene elibonisa izindawo ezinhle zomhlaba, umlando ocebile, isiko elinempilo, nokudla okumnandi. Njengoba isendaweni yayo enamasu enkabeni ye-Europe, iyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka njengendawo ekhangayo yabavakashi nabatshalizimali ngokufanayo.
Imali Yezwe
IBulgaria, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhulikhi yaseBulgaria, inohlobo lwemali yayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Bulgarian lev (BGN). I-lev ihlukaniswe yaba amayunithi amancane ayi-100 abizwa ngokuthi i-stotinki. Uphawu lwemali ye-Bulgarian lev ngu-лв. I-lev yaseBulgaria ibilokhu isetshenziswa kusukela ngo-July 5, 1999, lapho ithatha indawo yemali yangaphambili eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Bulgarian hard lev. Iqiniso elilodwa elithokozisayo nge-lev yaseBulgaria ukuthi ikhokhwe ku-euro ngenani lokushintshanisa eligxilile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuyo yonke i-euro eyodwa, uzothola cishe i-1.95583 leva. I-lev iza ngamahlelo ahlukene okuhlanganisa ama-banknote nezinhlamvu zemali. Ama-banknote atholakala kumahlelo we-2, 5,10,20,50 kanye ne-100 leva. Imali yemali ngayinye ihlanganisa abantu abavelele emlandweni wase-Bulgaria abafana no-St. Ivan Rilski no-Paisius wase-Hilendar. Izinhlamvu zemali zitholakala ngamahlelo we-stotinka engu-1 (encane kunazo zonke), kanye nezinhlamvu zemali zenani elingu-2, 5, 10, 20, kanye ne-stotinki engu-50 kanye nohlamvu lwemali olubiza i-Lev eyodwa. Ukuze ushintshe imali yakho yangaphandle ube yi-leva yaseBulgaria noma okuphambene nalokho, ungakwenza lokho emahhovisi okuhwebelana agunyaziwe atholakala kulo lonke elase-Bulgaria. Kukhona nama-ATM amaningi lapho ungakhipha khona imali usebenzisa amakhadi akho edebhithi aphesheya noma esikweletu. Nokho, kuyancomeka ukuthi uhlole ibhange kusengaphambili mayelana nanoma yiziphi izindleko ezihambisanayo noma izinkokhiso lapho usebenzisa ikhadi lakho phesheya. Sekukonke, isimo sezimali saseBulgaria sizungeza imali kazwelonke, i-Bulgarian Lev.Idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhwebeni kwansuku zonke ngaphakathi kwezwe, futhi inezinga lokushintshanisa eligxilile nge-Euro. Ukutholakala kwamanothi enkolo ehlukene nezinhlamvu kwenza ukuthengiselana kwezezimali kube lula kukho kokubili. izakhamuzi kanye nezivakashi ezivakashela lesi sizwe esihle saseBalkan
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali esemthethweni yaseBulgaria yi-Bulgarian Lev (BGN). Amazinga okushintshanisa alinganiselwe we-Lev Bulgarian uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zemali zomhlaba ezinkulu ami kanje: 1 BGN = 0.59 USD 1 BGN = 0.51 EUR 1 BGN = 57.97 JPY 1 BGN = 0.45 GBP 1 BGN = 5.83 CNY Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lawa mazinga okushintshanisa ayalinganiselwa futhi angahluka kancane kuye ngezimo zemakethe zamanje.
Amaholide Abalulekile
IBulgaria, izwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga Yurophu, inamaholide ahlukahlukene abalulekile unyaka wonke. Le mikhosi ibonisa amagugu acebile namasiko abantu baseBulgaria. Iholide elilodwa elibalulekile eBulgaria nguBaba Marta, ogujwa ngo-March 1st. Leli holide liphawula ukufika kwentwasahlobo futhi linikezelwe ekwamukeleni impilo enhle nenhlanhla. Ngalolu suku, abantu bashintshanisa "martenitsi," okuyintshakaza ebomvu nemhlophe noma amasongo enziwe ngentambo. Lesi siko lavela ezinkolelweni zamaqaba zasendulo zokuthi ukugqoka lezi zimpawu kuletha isivikelo emimoyeni emibi. Abantu bagqoka i-martenitsi baze babone unogolantethe noma isihlahla esiqhakazayo njengezimpawu zokufika kwentwasahlobo. Omunye umkhosi ophawulekayo eBulgaria uSuku Lokukhululwa olugujwa ngo-March 3rd. Kubungazwa ukuzimela kweBulgaria eminyakeni engu-500 yokubusa kwe-Ottoman emuva ngo-1878. Lolu suku lugcwele ama-parade, iziqhumane, amakhonsathi, namakhonsathi angokomlando okwenzeka ezweni lonke lokuhlonipha labo abalwela inkululeko yabo. I-Easter iholidi lenkolo elibalulekile eligujwa abantu baseBulgaria ngokuzinikela okukhulu njengoba lisho ukuzalwa kabusha kanye nesiqalo esisha kumaKristu emhlabeni jikelele. Amasiko ama-Easter aseBulgaria ahlanganisa amaqanda apendwe ngokugqamile, isinkwa sendabuko esibizwa ngokuthi "kozunak," izinkonzo zesonto ezikhethekile phakathi kwamabili kulandelwa idili nomndeni nabangane. Usuku Lokuvuselela Lukazwelonke ngoNovemba 1st luhlonipha umlando namasiko aseBulgaria ngesikhathi sokuvuselela (ikhulu le-18th-19th). Ibungaza amaqhawe esizwe afana noVasil Levski - owagqama emzabalazweni waseBulgaria wokuzibusa ngokumelene nokuhlala kwe-Ottoman. Okokugcina, uKhisimusi ubaluleke kakhulu eBulgaria lapho abantu behlangana khona ukuze bakhumbule ukuzalwa kukaJesu Kristu ngemikhosi yezenkolo eqhutshwa emasontweni ezweni lonke. Izidlo zendabuko ezifana ne- banitsa (ikhekhe eligcwele ushizi) zilungiswa eduze nemikhuba yemikhosi efana ne-"koleduvane" - ukucula indlu ngendlu ukuletha izibusiso phezu kwemindeni. Sekukonke, le mikhosi idlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni amasiko aseBulgaria, ekukhuthazeni ubunye besizwe, nasekuboniseni amagugu acebile amasiko aleli zwe elinempilo.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
IBulgaria, eseNingizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu, inomnotho oxubile futhi ithembele kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe. Isikhundla sayo sendawo esinikeza ukufinyelela okulula kuzo zombili izimakethe zaseYurophu nezamazwe ngamazwe. Imikhakha ephambili yokuthekelisa yaseBulgaria ihlanganisa ezolimo, imishini, amakhemikhali, izindwangu, kanye nemishini yezokuxhumana. Imikhiqizo yezolimo enjengokolweni, ibhali, imbewu kabhekilanga, imikhiqizo kagwayi, izithelo, nemifino inomthelela omkhulu emalini etholwa izwe ngaphandle kwezwe. Ukwengeza, iBulgaria inesizinda esiqinile sokukhiqiza esikhiqiza imishini nemishini yezimboni ezahlukahlukene. Izwe liyazuza ebulungwini balo ku-European Union (EU), enikeza izivumelwano zokuhwebelana ezikhethwayo namanye amazwe angamalungu e-EU. Lobu bulungu busiza ukwenza kube lula ukuhamba kwamahhala kwezimpahla ngaphakathi kwebhulokhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iBulgaria inezivumelwano zokuhwebelana namazwe angomakhelwane njengeTurkey neSerbia. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwempahla eBulgaria ukhula kancane kancane. Ozakwethu abaholayo bokuhweba bokuthunyelwa kwe-Bulgarian kwamanye amazwe yiJalimane ne-Italy ngaphakathi kwe-EU. Ezinye izindawo ezibalulekile okuyiwa kuzo zihlanganisa i-Romania, Greece, Belgium-Netherlands-Luxembourg (Benelux), Turkey, ne-China. Ngasohlangothini lokungenisa, iBulgaria ithembele ekuthengisweni kwemithombo yamandla njengowoyela negesi njengoba ingenayo idiphozithi yemvelo eningi yalezi zinsiza. Iphinde ingenise imishini, izinsimbi, izindwangu, nezimoto ezivela emazweni ahlukene njengeJalimane, iTurkey, iRussia, kanye neChina.Lezi zimpahla ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe zanelisa izidingo zemakethe yasekhaya kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezimbonini zasekhaya.Uhulumeni waseBulgaria ukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe,ukukhulisa ukukhula komnotho. Sekukonke, iBulgaria igcina ubudlelwano obusebenzayo bezohwebo namazwe ayo angomakhelwane kanye nabalingani bamazwe ngamazwe. Izwe lithembele ekuthumeleni impahla kwamanye amazwe ukuze liqhubekisele phambili ukukhula komnotho kuyilapho livala izikhala ngokungenisa izinsiza ezibalulekile noma izimpahla eziqediwe. I-Bulgaria ifuna ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa imisebenzi yayo yokuhweba emhlabeni wonke ukuze ithuthukise ukuchuma ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
IBulgaria, eseNingizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu, inamandla athembisayo okuthuthukisa imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Okokuqala, iBulgaria iyazuza ngendawo yayo yamasu. Isebenza njengesango phakathi kweYurophu ne-Asia, exhumanisa i-European Union namazwe aseMpumalanga Ephakathi nangale kwayo. Lesi sikhundla esinenzuzo senza iBulgaria ikwazi ukudala ubudlelwano obuqinile bezohwebo namazwe ahlukahlukene kuzo zombili izifunda. Okwesibili, ubulungu be-Bulgaria ku-European Union buhlinzeka ngokufinyelela kwenye yezimakethe ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. I-EU inikeza amathuba amaningi kumabhizinisi aseBulgaria ukuthi athumele imikhiqizo namasevisi awo kwamanye amazwe angamalungu ngaphandle kwemingcele noma imingcele. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa emakethe ye-EU kusiza ukuhwebelana okushelelayo futhi kuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwe-Bulgaria. Ukwengeza, iBulgaria inomnotho ohlukene ohlanganisa imikhakha ehlukene njengezolimo, ezokukhiqiza, ezamandla kanye nezinsizakalo. Lesi sisekelo sezomnotho esihlukene sinomthelela ezinhlobonhlobo zamathuba okuthumela ngaphandle. Imikhiqizo yezolimo yaseBulgaria efana nowoyela kabhekilanga, uwoyela we-lavender, uju, kanye nemikhiqizo ye-bio ifunwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yekhwalithi yayo kanye nemvelo ephilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iBulgaria ibitshala imali eningi ezimbonini ezifana nobuchwepheshe bolwazi (IT), ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto, ukukhiqizwa kwemithi nezimonyo ezibonise amandla amakhulu okukhula eminyakeni yamuva. Lezi zimboni azigcini nje ngokuqinisa umnotho wakuleli kodwa zihlinzeka namathuba amaningi omsebenzi wokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunokwenyuka kokutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwamanye amazwe (i-FDI) okuza e-Bulgaria ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezimo ezivumayo zokutshala imali okuhlanganisa namazinga entela aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe e-EU kanye nabasebenzi abafundile abatholakala ngezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa neNtshonalanga Yurophu. Sengiphetha, inhlanganisela yendawo yayo ehlakaniphile exhumanisa iNtshonalanga Yurophu ne-Asia, Middle East & Africa;ubulungu be-EU buyinikeza ukufinyelela kwezimakethe ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni;amandla nokwehlukahlukana emnothweni;imikhakha ethuthukayo njenge-IT,Automotive&Pharmaceuticals;i-FDI ekhulayo imali engenayo, i-Bulgaria ibonisa amandla abalulekile okuthuthuka okuqhubekayo ngaphakathi kwemakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle.Izwe lingasebenzisa lezi zinzuzo ngokuphumelelayo ngokuphromotha ngenkuthalo iminikelo yalo, lisungule amanethiwekhi aqinile ebhizinisi, ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda, ukukhuthaza ukuqamba izinto ezintsha kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana ukuze libambe amathuba okukhula emakethe yomhlaba.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Uma ukhetha imikhiqizo yemakethe yezohwebo yangaphandle yaseBulgaria, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zemikhiqizo okwamanje ezifunwa kakhulu futhi ezinekhono elihle lokuthengisa. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha izinto ezithengiswa kakhulu emakethe yaseBulgaria: 1. Ucwaningo lwemakethe: Yenza ucwaningo lwemakethe olunzulu ukuze uhlonze izitayela zamanje, izintandokazi, kanye nezimfuno zabathengi baseBulgaria. Bheka idatha yamaphethini okusebenzisa kwabathengi, izigaba zemikhiqizo edumile, nezimboni ezisafufusa. 2. Thola izimakethe ze-niche: Hlola izimakethe ze-niche ngaphakathi kwe-Bulgaria ezingase zinikeze amathuba emikhiqizo noma amasevisi akhethekile. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yemvelo noma eco-friendly ithola ukuduma phakathi kwabathengi abakhathalela impilo eBulgaria. 3. Ukuhlaziya okuncintisanayo: Tadisha ukunikezwa kwezimbangi zakho ukuze ubone izikhala emakethe ongazigcwalisa ngomkhiqizo noma isevisi eyingqayizivele. Zihlukanise nabancintisana nabo ngokunikela ngekhwalithi, izinketho eziyongayo noma uqondise amasegimenti wamakhasimende angagcinwanga kahle. 4. Cabangela izici zamasiko: Cabangela imikhuba namasiko aseBulgaria lapho ukhetha imikhiqizo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ihambisana nezintandokazi zendawo kanye namagugu. 5. Amandla we-E-commerce: Ngokukhula kwe-e-commerce e-Bulgaria, cabanga ukukhetha imikhiqizo enekhono elihle lokuthengisa ku-inthanethi ngezinkundla ezifana ne-Amazon noma amawebhusayithi e-e-commerce endawo. 6. Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi: Khetha izinto ezinamazinga ekhwalithi afakazelwe kanye nezitifiketi njengoba abathengi baseBulgaria bebeka kuqala izimpahla ezihlala isikhathi eside nezithembekile. 7. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zendawo: Khetha imikhiqizo efanele izimo zezulu zasendaweni kanye naleyo ehlangabezana nokuguquguquka kwesizini kwesidingo (isb., imishini yezemidlalo yasebusika phakathi nesizini yokushushuluza). 8.Ukuncintisana kwentengo: Qinisekisa ukuthi izinto ozikhethile zinenani elincintisanayo uma kuqhathaniswa neminikelo efanayo emakethe yaseBulgaria kuyilapho ugcina amamajini okwenza inzuzo. 9.Umbono webhalansi yokuthekelisa-kuthekelisa: Hlaziya idatha yokungenisa nokuthekelisa phakathi kozakwethu bokuhweba base-Bulgaria (kokubili amazwe angamalungu e-EU namazwe angewona awe-EU) ukuze uhlonze amathuba angenzeka lapho lawa mazwe engase angenise khona ngaphezu kokuthekelisa okunikeza ithuba lempumelelo yento oyikhethile. 10.Amathuba ngemibukiso yezohwebo nemibukiso Yiya emibukisweni yezohwebo efanele kanye nemibukiso e-Bulgaria ukuze uthole imininingwane mayelana nezimakethe zakamuva, uhlangane nabathengi abangaba khona, futhi ubonise imikhiqizo oyikhethile. Ngokucabangela lezi zici nokwenza ucwaningo olunzulu, ungakhetha imikhiqizo efanele enamandla okuthengiswa emakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yaseBulgaria. Hlala unolwazi ngokushintsha okuncanyelwayo kwabathengi ukuze uvumelanise isu lakho lokukhetha ngokuqhubekayo ukuze uthole imiphumela ethuthukisiwe.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
I-Bulgaria, eseNingizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu, inezici zayo eziyingqayizivele zamakhasimende kanye nemikhuba yamasiko. Ukuqonda lokhu kungasiza amabhizinisi ahlanganyele ngempumelelo namakhasimende ase-Bulgaria. Abantu baseBulgaria bayabazisa ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu kanye nokuthembela ekuhwebeni kwebhizinisi. Ukwakha ubuhlobo obuqinile namakhasimende kubalulekile ukuze uphumelele emakethe yaseBulgaria. Kuvamile ukuhileleka enkulumweni encane futhi nazane ngaphambi kokugxumela ezingxoxweni zebhizinisi. Ukugcina isikhathi kubhekwa kakhulu abantu baseBulgaria. Ukufika ngesikhathi emihlanganweni noma ama-aphoyintimenti kukhombisa inhlonipho nobuchwepheshe. Ukubambezeleka noma ukukhansela kufanele kukhulunywe kusengaphambili njengophawu lwenhlonipho. Uma kuziwa ekukhulumisaneni, abantu baseBulgaria bayakwazisa ukuba qotho nokwethembeka kuyilapho begcina ukuziphatha okuhloniphekile. Ukuveza imibono ngokukhululekile ngaphandle kokuxabana kubalulekile ekwakheni ukwethembana kumakhasimende. Izingxoxo zamanani zivame kakhulu eBulgaria, nakuba ukusunduza kakhulu kungase kubonakale njengokungahloniphi noma kunolaka. Ukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kokuvumelana nezimo nokuqina kusiza ukwakha ukuqondana phakathi kwezingxoxo. Ukuphana izipho kuyabongwa kodwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela. Izipho zenani eliphezulu zingadala izimo ezingakhululekile ngoba zingase zibhekwe njengezama ukuthonya inqubo yokuthatha izinqumo ngendlela engafanele. Izipho ezincane, ezicatshangelwayo ziyizimpawu ezifanele zokubonga uma ubuhlobo sebusungulwe. Ngokwamasiko amasiko, kubalulekile ukuthi ungaxoxi ngepolitiki noma ukhulume amazwi angalungile ngomlando noma isiko laseBulgaria ngesikhathi sokusebenzisana kwezamabhizinisi. Inkolo nayo ithathwa njengesihloko esibucayi; ngakho-ke, izingxoxo ezihlobene nezinkolelo zenkolo kufanele zigwenywe ngaphandle kwalapho ziqalwe umthengi kuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugwema ukuphuza ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokudla kwebhizinisi noma imicimbi kuyancomeka njengoba ukudakwa ngokweqile kungase kube nomthelela omubi esimeni somuntu sochwepheshe nokwethembeka. Ngokuqonda lezi zici zekhasimende nokuhlonipha izinkolelo zamasiko lapho ezibandakanya namakhasimende ase-Bulgaria, amabhizinisi angahlakulela ubudlelwano obuphumelelayo obusekelwe ekwethembaneni nasekuhlonipheni.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
IBulgaria, eseNingizimu-mpumalanga Yurophu eNhlonhlweni YaseBalkan, inohlelo oluhlelekile nolusebenza kahle lokulawulwa kwempahla ephumayo. Ukuphathwa kwempahla yezwe kusebenza ngaphansi koMnyango Wezezimali futhi kunomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenza lula ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kuyilapho kuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuhambisana nemithetho kazwelonke. Lapho ungena eBulgaria, abahambi kufanele balandele imihlahlandlela ethile ukuze baqinisekise inqubo yokungena ebushelelezi. Okokuqala, phatha amaphepha okuhamba asemthethweni njengamaphasipoti asebenza okungenani izinyanga ezintathu ngaphezu kosuku okuhlosiwe ngalo. Izakhamizi ezingezona eze-EU zingadinga ukufaka isicelo sama-visa ngaphambi kokuvakashela eBulgaria; kuyatuseka ukuthi uhlole izidingo ezithile ze-visa ezisekelwe kubuzwe. Emingceleni yaseBulgaria, izivakashi zizohlangana nezikhulu zentela ezinesibopho sokuqinisekisa imibhalo yokungena yabahambi. Zilungiselele ukwethula le mibhalo lapho ucelwa futhi umemezele noma yiziphi izimpahla ezingase zidinge imvume esemthethweni noma zibe ngaphansi kwezigaba ezibekelwe imingcele njengezibhamu noma imikhiqizo ethile yezolimo. Ukungenisa/ukuthunyelwa kwempahla phakathi/kusuka e-Bulgaria kulawulwa yimithethonqubo yentela ehambisana namazinga e-European Union. Abahambi abangena noma abaphuma eBulgaria nemali engaphezu kwe-EUR 10,000 kufanele bayimemezele kwabaphathi bempahla; ukwehluleka ukwenza lokho kungaholela ekujezisweni noma ekuthathweni. Imisebenzi yentela nentela ingasebenza lapho kulethwa izinto e-Bulgaria ezivela ngaphandle kwe-EU. Izibonelelo zamahhala zikhona ezimpahleni zomuntu siqu njengempahla noma izinto eziyisikhumbuzo, kodwa imikhawulo ethile yotshwala, imikhiqizo kagwayi, nezinye izimpahla ikhona ngaphezu kwalokho okuzokhokhiswa intela. Izinto ezithile ezikhawulelwe noma ezinqatshelwe akufanele zilethwe e-Bulgaria okuhlanganisa izidakamizwa, izimpahla zomgunyathi, imikhiqizo yezilwane ezisengozini ngaphandle kwezimvume/amalayisensi afanelekile ngokwemithetho ye-CITES (I-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) njll. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iziphathimandla zentela yaseBulgaria zibamba izinyathelo eziqinile zokulawula imingcele ngokusekelwe kuziqondiso ze-EU. Ukuhlola okungahleliwe kwenziwa kanzima yizikhulu ukuze kuvinjelwe imisebenzi yokushushumbisa ehlobene nezidakamizwa/izibhamu/izimpahla zomgunyathi phakathi kokunye. Ukuthobela le mithetho kuqinisekisa uhambo olungenazinkathazo emingceleni yase-Bulgaria kuyilapho kuhlonipha imithetho yezokuphepha neyohwebo kazwelonke.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
IBulgaria, izwe eliseMpumalanga Yurophu, liye lasebenzisa isethi yemithetho ethile mayelana nentela yalo yezimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Lezi zinqubomgomo zihlose ukulawula ukungena kwezimpahla ezweni nokuvikela izimboni zakuleli. Imisebenzi yokungenisa elizweni e-Bulgaria ivamise ukususelwe ku-Common Customs Tariff ye-European Union (EU). Njengezwe eliyilungu le-EU, i-Bulgaria ilandela amanani entela angaphandle e-EU kanye nemithethonqubo yokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. I-EU isebenzisa inqubomgomo efanayo yohwebo, okusho ukuthi wonke amazwe angamalungu asebenzisa izintela ezifanayo ezimpahleni ezivela emazweni angewona awe-EU. Intela yempahla evamile ye-EU iqukethe izigaba ezihlukahlukene ezinamanani emisebenzi ahlukene. Amakhodi e-Harmonised System (HS) asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa imikhiqizo, kunqunywa amanani emisebenzi yawo. Amakhodi e-HS ahlinzeka ngohlelo lokufaka amakhodi olujwayelekile olusetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke ukuhlukanisa imikhiqizo edayiswayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iBulgaria ingase inikeze intela encishisiwe noma ingabi naziro ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Isibonelo, ukungenisa okuvela emazweni lapho i-Bulgaria isayine khona izivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala kungajabulela ukuphathwa okukhethekile ngokunciphisa noma ukuqeda amanani athile. Ngaphandle kwentela yentela, ezinye izintela nezinkokhelo zingasebenza lapho kungenisa izimpahla e-Bulgaria. I-Value Added Tax (VAT) ikhokhiswa ezimpahleni eziningi ezingenisiwe ngenani elijwayelekile lama-20%. Kodwa-ke, eminye imikhiqizo efana nokudla okubalulekile ingakhokhiswa intela encishisiwe ye-VAT engu-9% noma i-5%. Ukwengeza, intela yempahla ingase ibekwe ezigabeni ezithile zemikhiqizo efana notshwala, imikhiqizo kagwayi, neziphuzo zamandla. Ukuphetha, iBulgaria ilandela inqubomgomo yentela ehlanganisiwe ye-European Union yentela yempahla evela kwamanye amazwe. Izinqubomgomo ezinjalo zihlose ukulawula kanye nokulawula ukuhwebelana ngenkathi futhi zihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kwezimboni zasekhaya ekuqhudelwaneni okungafanele okuvela phesheya.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
I-Bulgaria yaziwa ngezinqubomgomo zayo zentela yokuthumela ngaphandle ezihlose ukukhuthaza uhwebo nokuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe. Izwe selisebenzise izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokwenza lula ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuqinisekisa isimo esivumelana nentela samabhizinisi. Enye yezinto ezibalulekile zenqubomgomo yentela yokuthekelisa yase-Bulgaria ukwethulwa kwezinga eliphansi lentela yemali engenayo yebhizinisi. Njengamanje, iBulgaria inelinye lamazinga entela ebhizinisi aphansi kakhulu eYurophu, abekwe ngenani eliphansi lika-10%. Leli zinga eliphansi lisiza amabhizinisi ukuthi ahlale enokuncintisana ngokunciphisa umthwalo wawo wentela enzuzweni etholakala emisebenzini yokuthekelisa. Ukwengeza, iBulgaria inikeza inethiwekhi ebanzi yezivumelwano zentela ephindwe kabili namazwe amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Lezi zivumelwano zisiza ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa amathuba okukhokhiswa intela kabili emalini engenayo evela emisebenzini ewela imingcele, okuhlinzeka ngezinye izikhuthazo zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Bulgaria inikeza ukukhululwa okuhlukile kwentela yempahla noma ukuncishiswa kwemikhiqizo ethunyelwa emazweni noma izifunda ezithile. Lezi zinhlelo zokwelapha ezikhethwayo zifaka izivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala ne-European Union (EU) kanye namazwe angewona awe-EU njengeCanada, Japan, South Korea, kanye neTurkey. Izivumelwano ezinjalo zivumela abathumeli bangaphandle base-Bulgaria ukuthi bafinyelele lezi zimakethe kalula ngokususa noma ukunciphisa intela yokungenisa impahla yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iBulgaria isebenza ngaphansi komthetho we-EU Value Added Tax (VAT). Njengezwe eliyilungu le-EU, lithobela imithetho ye-VAT evamile ebekwe yiKhomishini ye-EU. Izinga le-VAT elijwayelekile e-Bulgaria okwamanje lisethwe ku-20%, elisebenza ezimpahleni eziningi namasevisi athengiswa ngaphakathi kwezwe. Kodwa-ke, ukuthekelisa izimpahla ngaphandle kwe-EU kungalinganiswa uziro uma izimo ezithile kuhlangatshezwana nazo. Sengiphetha, inqubomgomo yentela yokuthekelisa yase-Bulgaria igxile ekukhuthazeni uhwebo nokuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe ngenhlanganisela yezinyathelo ezifana nezintela eziphansi zebhizinisi kanye namanethiwekhi esivumelwano sentela ekabili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhululwa ezindlekweni ezihlinzekwa ngezivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-EU kufaka isandla ekusizeni uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwabathumeli bangaphandle baseBulgaria. (Qaphela: Ulwazi olungenhla kungenzeka lungapheleli mayelana nemininingwane ethile noma izinguquko zakamuva kunqubomgomo yentela yokuthekelisa yase-Bulgaria; ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyanconywa).
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
I-Bulgaria, etholakala eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Europe, yaziwa ngomnotho wayo osebenzayo kanye nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Izwe linohlelo oluzinzile lokunikeza izitifiketi zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo yalo. E-Bulgaria, kubalulekile ukuthi abathekelisi bathole izitifiketi ezidingekayo ukuze bahambisane nezindinganiso nemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe. Isitifiketi esisodwa esibalulekile yi-European Union CE Marking. Lolu phawu lubonisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nazo zonke izimfuneko ezibekwe yiziqondiso ze-EU mayelana nempilo, ukuphepha, nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ukwengeza, iBulgaria inikeza izitifiketi ezifana nezitifiketi ze-ISO (International Organization for Standardization). Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yenkampani ihlangabezana namazinga athile okuphatha ikhwalithi aqashelwa emhlabeni wonke. Mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwezolimo kwamanye amazwe, iBulgaria ihlinzeka nge-GLOBALG.A.P., indinganiso yokuphepha kokudla eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke eqinisekisa ukuthi izithelo, imifino, neminye imikhiqizo yezolimo kukhiqizwa ngokuqhubekayo nomthelela omncane kwezemvelo. I-Bulgaria futhi ihlinzeka ngezitifiketi ezikhethekile emikhakheni ethile efana nokulima okuphilayo. Isitifiketi se-"BioCert" siqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yezolimo noma ukudla okugayiwe ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izindlela zemvelo ngaphandle kwanoma yimuphi umanyolo owenziwe noma ama-GMO (Izinto Eziguquliwe Eziguquliwe). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezitifiketi eziqondene nemboni ezifana ne-HACCP (I-Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point), egxile ezindleleni zokuphepha kokudla ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokukhiqiza. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi umkhiqizo ngamunye ungase ube nezimfuneko ezengeziwe eziqondene nemboni yawo noma imakethe eqondiwe. Isibonelo, izinto zikagesi zingase zidinge isitifiketi esengeziwe sokuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic. Sekukonke, i-Bulgaria ibeka phambili izitifiketi zokuthekelisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo futhi bathole ukwethenjwa ezimakethe zomhlaba. Ngokuthola lezi zitifiketi ezihlukahlukene eziqondiswe ezimbonini nasezimakethe ezahlukene, abathumeli bempahla baseBulgaria banganweba isisekelo samakhasimende abo emhlabeni jikelele kuyilapho begcina amazinga ekhwalithi ephezulu.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Bulgaria, etholakala eMpumalanga Yurophu, inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezinsizakalo zezokuthutha ezisebenza kahle nezithembekile ukusekela amabhizinisi nohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Nazi ezinye izincomo zokuhamba zaleli zwe. 1. Amachweba: IBulgaria inamachweba amabili amakhulu - iVarna neBurgas - asogwini loLwandle Olumnyama. Lezi zikhumulo zinikeza izinketho ezinhle kakhulu zokuxhumana zemizila yemikhumbi yomhlaba wonke, okuwenza abe yizindawo ezikahle zokungenisa nokuthumela izimpahla. 2. Ingqalasizinda Yemigwaqo: IBulgaria inoxhaxha lwemigwaqo oluthuthuke kahle oluxhumanisa namazwe angomakhelwane njengeRomania, Greece, Serbia, kanye neTurkey. Ingqalasizinda yemigwaqo ingeyesimanje futhi iyasebenza, ivumela ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla ngaphandle kwezwe kanye nemingcele. 3. Izitimela: Umzila wezitimela waseBulgaria uyingxenye ebalulekile yenethiwekhi yezokuthutha. Ihlinzeka ngenye indlela engabizi kakhulu kunezokuthutha emgwaqeni ngempahla eyinqwaba noma ukuthunyelwa okude. Ujantshi wesitimela uxhuma amadolobha amakhulu ngaphakathi kwezwe kanye namanye amazwe aseYurophu njengeGreece, iRomania, iHungary neRussia. 4. I-Air Cargo: Isikhumulo sezindiza i-Sofia sisebenza njengesikhumulo sezindiza esiyinhloko samazwe ngamazwe sase-Bulgaria esinezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuthutha izindiza. Ihlinzeka ngezindiza ezivamile eziya emadolobheni amakhulu emhlabeni jikelele kuyilapho ihlinzeka ngezinqubo ezisebenzayo zokugunyazwa kwamasiko ekuthunyelweni okuzwela isikhathi. 5. Izinqubo Zentela: I-Bulgaria iyilungu le-EU; ngakho-ke izinqubo zayo zentela zinamathela ezimisweni ze-EU ezisiza ukuhanjiswa kwezimpahla okungenazihibe ngaphakathi kwemakethe ye-European Union noma ezivela kwamanye amazwe angaphandle kwenyunyana zingene kuyo. 6.Izikhungo Zokugcinwa Kwempahla Nokusabalalisa: Ezindaweni zezimboni ezibalulekile njenge-Sofia (inhloko-dolobha) kanye ne-Plovdiv (idolobha lesibili ngobukhulu), ungathola izindawo zokugcina izimpahla zesimanje kanye nezikhungo zokusabalalisa ezisetshenziswa yibo bobabili abahlinzeki bendawo kanye nezinkampani zomhlaba jikelele ezihlinzeka ngesitoreji esiphelele. izixazululo ezenzelwe izidingo zemboni ezahlukene. 7.Abahlinzeki Benkonzo Yezokuthutha: Inqwaba yezinkampani zasekhaya zase-Bulgaria zisebenza ngokukhethekile emikhakheni eyahlukene yenqubo yochungechunge lokuhlinzeka njengokuthunyelwa kwempahla, i-custom brokerage, kanye nezinsizakalo zempahla yezinkampani zangaphandle.Zinobuchwepheshe bendawo obuhlanganiswe namanethiwekhi abanzi aqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle ngamanani ancintisanayo. Sengiphetha, iBulgaria inikezela ngengqalasizinda yezokuthutha eyakhiwe kahle, okuhlanganisa namachweba, imigwaqo, imizila yezitimela, nezikhumulo zezindiza ezivumela ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngendlela efanele emhlabeni wonke nolwandle. Ihlanganisa lokhu nesimo sayo sobulungu be-EU kanye nabahlinzeki besevisi abahlukahlukene bezokuthutha, iBulgaria iyindawo ekhangayo yamabhizinisi afuna izixazululo ezithembekile nezingabizi kakhulu.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

I-Bulgaria, eseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Europe, inikeza iziteshi ezibalulekile ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe nemibukiso yezohwebo. Lezi zinkundla zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuthunyelwa kwezwe kwamanye amazwe kanye nokukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe. Nazi ezinye ezibalulekile: 1. Imibukiso Yezohwebo Yamazwe Ngamazwe: I-Bulgaria isingatha imibukiso yohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe eminingi eheha abathengi abavela emhlabeni wonke. Eminye imicimbi eyaziwa kakhulu ihlanganisa: - I-International Technical Fair: Yenziwa minyaka yonke e-Plovdiv, lo mbukiso ungomunye wemibukiso emikhulu yezimboni eNingizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu. - I-Sofia Motor Show: Umbukiso ohamba phambili wezimoto obonisa izinto ezintsha zakamuva nezithandwayo. - I-Expo Food & Drink Expo Bulgaria: Umcimbi onikezelwe kochwepheshe bemboni yokudla neziphuzo. - I-Balkan Entertainment & Gaming Expo (BEGE): Umbukiso ogxile kubuchwepheshe bemidlalo nokuzijabulisa. 2. Izikhungo Zokuphromotha Utshalo-mali (ama-IPA): I-Bulgaria isungule ama-IPA ukuze iqhubekisele phambili ukuxhumana phakathi kwabathengi bangaphandle namabhizinisi ase-Bulgaria. Lawa ma-ejensi ahlinzeka ngosizo ngolwazi, imicimbi yokuxhumana, izinsizakalo zokufanisa ibhizinisi, ahlele imibukiso yemigwaqo phesheya ukuze ahehe abatshalizimali. 3. I-e-Commerce Platform: Ngokukhula okusheshayo kohwebo lwe-inthanethi emhlabeni jikelele, imikhiqizo yaseBulgaria ingatholakala kumapulatifomu e-e-commerce ahlukahlukene aphesheya njenge-Amazon, eBay, Alibaba's AliExpress. 4. Amanxusa Nezithunywa Zezohwebo: Amanxusa aseBulgaria emhlabeni wonke adlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana phakathi kwamazwe amabili ngokuhlela izinkundla zohwebo nezinkundla zamabhizinisi ezixhumanisa abathumeli bempahla basekhaya nabangase bathenge. 5.I-International Chambers of Commerce : I-Bulgaria inamagumbi amaningana ezentengiselwano kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle nakwamanye amazwe afana ne-American Chamber of Commerce e-Bulgaria (AmCham), i-German-Bulgarian Industrial Chamber Of Commerce And Industry(GHMBIHK) , Bilateral Chamber Of Commerce France -Bulgaria(CCFB) njll 6.Izinkomba Zebhizinisi Eziku-inthanethi : Kunemibhalo eminingana eku-inthanethi eklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuxhuma abathengi bomhlaba wonke nabaphakeli baseBulgaria njengeGlobalTrade.net, Alibaba.com, BulgariaExport.com, njll. 7. Imibukiso ye-B2B Yezehlakalo Nezohwebo: Imicimbi ehlukahlukene ye-B2B nemibukiso yezohwebo ibanjelwa e-Bulgaria njenge-Synergy Expo- Inkundla eyenza ukufanisa izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe nezase-Bulgaria, Izinsuku Zemisebenzi Kazwelonke - lapho abaqashi bengahlangana khona abangaba abasebenzi. Lezi zenzakalo zinikeza amathuba okuxhumana kanye nokusebenzisana kwebhizinisi. 8. Izinyathelo zikahulumeni: Uhulumeni waseBulgaria usekela ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukiswa kwabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-Invest Bulgaria Agency (IBA), ehlose ukuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe ngokuthuthukisa amathuba okutshala izimali ezweni. Sekukonke, lezi ziteshi nemibukiso yezohwebo kunikeza amabhizinisi ase-Bulgaria amathuba abalulekile okukhangisa ngemikhiqizo/izinsizakalo zawo kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe, ukwandisa isisekelo samakhasimende abo, ukusungula ubudlelwano obusha, ukukhulisa ukukhula kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa komnotho ezweni.
E-Bulgaria, kunezinjini zokusesha ezimbalwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa zabasebenzisi be-inthanethi ukuze baseshe ulwazi. Okulandelayo ezinye zezinjini zokusesha ezidumile nama-URL wewebhusayithi yazo: 1. I-Google (https://www.google.bg): I-Google iyinjini yokusesha esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, kuhlanganise nase-Bulgaria. Abasebenzisi bangathola ulwazi olubanzi ngama-algorithms okusesha anamandla e-Google. 2. I-Bing (https://www.bing.com): I-Bing enye injini yokusesha edumile ehlinzeka ngosesho lwewebhu, ukusesha izithombe, amamephu, amavidiyo, nezibuyekezo zezindaba phakathi kwezinye izici. 3. I-Yahoo (https://www.yahoo.bg): I-Yahoo inikeza amandla okusesha iwebhu kanye nezibuyekezo zezindaba, izinsiza ze-imeyili, nezinye izici ezihlukahlukene. 4. I-DuckDuckGo (https://duckduckgo.com): I-DuckDuckGo iyinjini yokusesha egxile kubumfihlo engalandeli idatha yomsebenzisi noma yenze kube ngokwakho imiphumela ngokusekelwe ekusesheni kwangaphambilini. 5. I-Yandex (http://www.yandex.bg): I-Yandex iyinjini yokusesha ese-Russian esetshenziswa kakhulu nase-Bulgaria. Ihlinzeka ngosesho lwewebhu kanye nezinye izinsiza ezifana namamephu nosesho lwezithombe. 6. I-Baidu (http://www.baidu.com/intl/bg/): I-Baidu iyinjini yokusesha yaseShayina ephinde inikeze izinkonzo ezithile ngolimi lwesi-Bulgarian; inikeza ukusesha kwewebhu, amamephu nezithombe phakathi kokunye. 7. I-Ask.com (https://www.ask.com) - I-Ask.com ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babuze imibuzo ethile noma bafake amagama angukhiye avamile ukuze balande ulwazi olufanele ku-inthanethi. 8. I-Nigma.bg (http://nigma.bg/) - I-Nigma.bg igxile ekuhlinzekeni ngamakhono okusesha aphelele kuwo wonke amawebhusayithi ngokugcizelela kokuqukethwe kwesi-Bulgarian. Lezi ngezinye zezinjini zokusesha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu abantu base-Bulgaria ukuze baphequlule i-inthanethi futhi bafinyelele ulwazi olufiswayo ngempumelelo.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

I-Bulgaria, eseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Europe, inezinhlu ezimbalwa ezivelele zamakhasi aphuzi ezinikeza ingcebo yolwazi mayelana namabhizinisi namasevisi ezweni. Nazi ezinye zezinkomba ezinkulu zekhasi eliphuzi kanye namawebhusayithi abo: 1. Amakhasi Aphuzi I-Bulgaria - I-Yellow Pages esemthethweni yase-Bulgaria inikeza uhlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Iwebhusayithi yabo ithi www.yellowpages.bg. 2. I-Golden Pages - Lolu hlu lwemibhalo luhlanganisa inhlobonhlobo yezinsizakalo namabhizinisi asebenza e-Bulgaria. Iwebhusayithi yayo ithi www.goldenpages.bg. 3. Uhla Lwemibhalo Lwebhizinisi LwaseBulgaria - Uhlu lwemibhalo lwe-inthanethi oludumile olunikeza ulwazi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene njengezokuvakasha, ezohwebo, nezinkonzo ngaphakathi kwe-Bulgaria. Ungayithola ku-www.bulgariadirectory.com. 4. I-Sofia Yellow Pages - Njengenhloko-dolobha yase-Bulgaria, i-Sofia inohla lwemibhalo oluzinikele lwamakhasi aphuzi olugxile emabhizinisini endawo kanye nezinsizakalo ezise-Sofia kuphela. Vakashela ku-www.sofiayellowpages.com ukuze ufinyelele lolu hlu lwemibhalo. 5. I-Pegasus Online Directory - I-Pegasus iyinkundla ye-inthanethi enikeza uhlu lwamabhizinisi oluphelele kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukene kulo lonke elaseBulgaria. Thola imininingwane eyengeziwe ku-pegasus-bg.org. 6 . BULSOCIAL Amakhasi Aphuzi - Uhla lwemibhalo olukhethekile olufaka kuhlu lwezinkampani ezenza imisebenzi yomphakathi noma ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zomphakathi ezifana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo noma imfundo lungatholakala kokuthi bulyellow.net/bulsocial/. 7 . I-Varadinum Yellow Melonidae Directory (Ngesi-Bulgarian: Врадински Златен Атлас на Мелоидиите) igxile kakhulu emikhiqizweni yezolimo kanye nezasemakhaya ngaphakathi kwezwe - http://www.varadinum.net Lezi zinkomba zekhasi eliphuzi ziqukethe ulwazi olubalulekile njengemininingwane yokuxhumana (ikheli, izinombolo zocingo), amawebhusayithi (uma ekhona), kanye nezincazelo mayelana nezinkampani noma abahlinzeki besevisi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa ezokuvakasha, ukuthengisa, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, izindlu, ezokuthutha njll., ukusiza kokubili izakhamuzi zendawo kanye nabavakashi bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna imikhiqizo ethile noma amasevisi ngaphakathi kwe-Bulgaria.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

E-Bulgaria, kunezinkundla ezimbalwa ezinkulu ze-e-commerce lapho ungathengela khona imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ku-inthanethi. Naba abavelele kanye namakheli abo esizindalwazi: 1. I-EMAG (www.emag.bg): Enye yezitolo ezinkulu eziku-inthanethi e-Bulgaria, ehlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ehlanganisa izinto zikagesi, izinto zikagesi, izinto zemfashini, nokunye. 2. I-Technomarket (www.technomarket.bg): Ihlinzeka ngezinto zikagesi ezifana nama-TV, ama-smartphones, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, nezinto zikagesi zasendlini. 3. I-Mall.bg (www.mall.bg): Inikeza uhla oluhlukahlukene lwemikhiqizo kusukela kogesi kuya empahleni yasekhaya kuye ezintweni zemfashini. 4. I-AliExpress (aliexpress.com): Indawo yemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe edumile ethumela ngomkhumbi eBulgaria ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ngamanani ancintisanayo. 5. Оzone.bg (www.ozone.bg): Isitolo sezincwadi esiku-inthanethi esihlinzeka ngezinto zikagesi, amathoyizi, imikhiqizo yobuhle nokunye. 6. Аsos.com: Yaziwa ngemfashini enikelayo yabesilisa nabesifazane okuhlanganisa izingubo, izesekeli, nezicathulo. 7. Технополис: Igxile ekuthengiseni izinto zikagesi ezifana namakhompyutha, izinto ezilalelwayo nezibukwayo kanye nezinto zasendlini 8. Зони 24: Isebenza ngokukhethekile ekuthengiseni impahla yasekhaya njengezingcezu zefenisha Izinto zangaphandle Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zamapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce e-Bulgaria lapho ongathenga khona kalula usuka endaweni enethezekile yendlu yakho noma noma yikuphi ngoxhumano lwe-inthanethi!

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

IBulgaria, izwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu, ineqoqo layo lezinkundla zokuxhumana. Nazi ezinye ezidumile: 1. I-Facebook (www.facebook.com) - I-Facebook iyinkundla yezokuxhumana esetshenziswa kakhulu eBulgaria. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baxhumane nabangane, babelane ngezibuyekezo nezithombe, bajoyine amaqembu, futhi baxhumane ngengxoxo noma amakholi wevidiyo. 2. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com) - I-Instagram ingenye inketho ethandwayo phakathi kwamaBulgaria ngokwabelana ngezithombe namavidiyo amafushane nabalandeli babo. Iphinde inikeze izici ezifana nezindaba kanye ne-IGTV ngokuqukethwe okubandakanya kakhulu. 3. I-LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com) - I-LinkedIn iyinkundla yezokuxhumana enochwepheshe lapho ochwepheshe baseBulgaria bengakwazi ukuxhumana nozakwabo, bahlole amathuba emisebenzi, futhi babonise amakhono nolwazi lwabo. 4. I-Vbox7 (www.vbox7.com) - I-Vbox7 iyinkundla yaseBulgaria yokwabelana ngamavidiyo aku-inthanethi efana ne-YouTube lapho abasebenzisi bengalayisha khona, babelane, babukele amavidiyo omculo, amamuvi, uchungechunge lwe-TV kanye namavidiyo omuntu siqu. 5. I-Netlog (www.netlog.bg) - I-Netlog ingosi yezokuxhumana yaseBulgaria evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze amaphrofayili, baxhumane nabangane noma abantu abasha ngezinto abazithandayo. 6. I-bTV Media Group Social Amakhasi - i-bTV Media Group ingumnikazi weziteshi zikamabonakude ezahlukene e-Bulgaria ezihlobanise amakhasi ezinkundla zokuxhumana okuhlanganisa namakhasi e-Facebook we-bTV News (news.btv.bg), i-Nova TV Entertainment (nova.bg), Diema TV Series & Amamuvi (diemaonline.bg), phakathi kwamanye. 7. I-LiveJournal Bulgaria Community(blog.livejournal.bg/) – I-LiveJournal inomphakathi osebenzayo e-Bulgaria enikeza abasebenzisi ikhono lokuzakhela amabhulogi noma ukubamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni zamabhulogi akhona ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene kusukela kwezempilo kuya kwezombusazwe. 8.Twitter(https://twitter.com/Bulgaria)- I-Twitter isebenza njengenkundla yezibuyekezo zezindaba ezivela ezinhlanganweni ezihlukene noma abantu basesidlangalaleni abatholakala ngaphakathi kwe-Bulgaria abagqamisa izihloko ezithrendayo ezihambisana nezwe. Lezi ezinye zezibonelo zezinkundla ezinkulu zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa abantu baseBulgaria. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kungase kube nezinye izinkundla ze-niche noma izinkundla ezivelayo ezidumile phakathi kwamaqembu athile noma izifunda e-Bulgaria.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

IBulgaria iyizwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu. Inomnotho ohlukahlukene onezimboni eziningana ezinkulu. Okubhalwe ngezansi ezinye zezinhlangano eziyinhloko zezimboni eBulgaria kanye namawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BCCI) - Inhlangano endala kakhulu emele izintshisekelo zamabhizinisi ase-Bulgarian kuyo yonke imikhakha. Iwebhusayithi https://www.bcci.bg/ 2. Inhlangano Yamabhizinisi Amancane Naphakathi (ASME) - Imele izintshisekelo zamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo e-Bulgaria. Iwebhusayithi http://www.asme-bg.org/ 3. I-Bulgarian Industrial Association (BIA) - Inhlangano esebenzela ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye namabhizinisi. Iwebhusayithi: https://bia-bg.com/en 4. I-Bulgarian Constructors’ Chamber (BCC) - Imele izinkampani zokwakha, osonkontileka, onjiniyela, abadwebi bezakhiwo, nabanye ochwepheshe embonini yezokwakha. Iwebhusayithi https://bcc.bg/en 5. I-Association of Information Technology Companies (AITC) - Imele izinkampani ezisebenza emkhakheni we-IT e-Bulgaria. Iwebhusayithi http://aitcbg.org/ 6. I-Bulgarian Hoteliers & Restaurateurs Association (BHRA) - Indikimba emele imboni yamahhotela nezindawo zokudlela e-Bulgaria. Iwebhusayithi https://www.bg-site.net/thbhra/index_en.php 7. I-Bulgarian Energy Holding EAD (BEH) – Inkampani ephethwe nguhulumeni eyengamele amabhizinisi amaningana ahlobene nogesi okuhlanganisa ukuphehlwa kukagesi, ukudluliswa, ukusatshalaliswa, njll. Iwebhusayithi http://www.bgenh.com/index.php?lang=en 8. I-Union of Electronics Microelectronics Electrical Engineering Associations (UElectroSrereza)- Inhlangano emele izinhlangano ezihileleke ekukhiqizeni ugesi nobunjiniyela bukagesi. Iwebhusayithi http://uems-bg.org/en/ Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lolu hlu aluphelele njengoba kunezinye izinhlangano eziningi zezimboni ezisebenza emikhakheni ethile noma izifunda ngaphakathi kweBulgaria.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

IBulgaria iyizwe eliseNingizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu, elaziwa ngomlando walo ocebile namagugu amasiko. Izwe linamawebhusayithi ambalwa ezomnotho nezohwebo ahlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana namathuba ebhizinisi, amathuba okutshala izimali, kanye nezibalo zohwebo. Ngezansi amanye amawebhusayithi aziwa kakhulu ezomnotho nezohwebo e-Bulgaria kanye nama-URL awo afanele: 1. I-Invest Bulgaria Agency - Le nhlangano kahulumeni ihlose ukuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali ezweni ngokunikeza ulwazi ngezimboni ezihlukahlukene, izikhuthazo, namaphrojekthi okutshalwa kwezimali. - URL: https://www.investbg.government.bg/en/ 2. I-Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry - I-Chamber imele izintshisekelo zamabhizinisi ase-Bulgaria ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngokuhlinzeka ngamathuba okuxhumana, ukubonisana kwebhizinisi, ucwaningo lwemakethe, njll. - I-URL: https://www.bcci.bg/?lang=en 3. Umnyango Wezomnotho - Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni inikeza imininingwane ngezinqubomgomo zezomnotho ezisetshenziswa e-Bulgaria kanye nezibuyekezo zezindaba ezihlobene nemikhakha eyahlukene. - URL: http://www.mi.government.bg/en/ 4. Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezibalo - Lesi sikhungo sinikeza idatha yezibalo eningi mayelana nezici ezihlukahlukene zomnotho wase-Bulgaria okuhlanganisa izinga lokukhula kwe-GDP, izinga lokuqashwa, izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali, njll. - URL: https://www.nsi.bg/en 5. Bulgarian Exporters Directory - Uhla lwemibhalo oluku-inthanethi lapho ungathola khona uhlu lwabathekelisi baseBulgaria oluhlelwa ngomkhakha wemboni. - URL: http://bulgaria-export.com/ 6. Invest Sofia - I-Sofia Investment Agency isiza ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwamanye amazwe enhloko-dolobha i-Sofia futhi inikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nokwenza ibhizinisi lapho. - URL: https://investsofia.com/en/ 7. I-Enterprise Europe Network-Bulgaria – Ingxenye yenkundla enkulu yaseYurophu ekhuthaza imizamo yokwenza amazwe ngamazwe phakathi kwamabhizinisi amancane ngokunikeza izinsizakalo zokufanisa kubambiswano namazwe ngamazwe noma amathuba okudlulisa ubuchwepheshe. - URL: https://een.ec.europa.eu/about/branches/bulgaria/republic-bulgaria-chamber-commerce-and-industry-section-european-information-and-innovation Lawa mawebhusayithi anikezela ngezinsiza ezibalulekile kubantu ngabanye namabhizinisi afuna ulwazi mayelana nomnotho wase-Bulgaria, amathuba okutshala imali, imithetho yebhizinisi, nezibalo zohwebo. Kunconywa ukuthi uhlole lawa masayithi ngokuqhubekayo ukuze uqoqe ulwazi oluqondile olususelwe kuzintshisekelo zakho noma izinjongo zakho.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa lapho ungathola khona idatha yokuhweba yaseBulgaria. Nazi ezinye zazo: 1. I-National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria (NSI): - Iwebhusayithi: https://www.nsi.bg/en - I-NSI inikeza idatha yezibalo ephelele, kuhlanganise nezibalo zokuhweba, zezwe. Banesigaba esizinikezele kuwebhusayithi yabo lapho ungafinyelela khona ulwazi oluhlobene nohwebo. 2. I-Bulgarian National Bank (BNB): - Iwebhusayithi: https://www.bnb.bg - I-BNB iyibhange elikhulu laseBulgaria futhi ihlinzeka ngezinkomba zezomnotho ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezibalo zokuhweba. Ungathola ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle, kanye nebhalansi yezinkokhelo kuwebhusayithi yabo. 3. Irejista ye-Bulstat: - Iwebhusayithi: https://bulstat.registryagency.bg/en - Irejista ye-Bulstat inakekelwa I-Ejensi Yokubhalisa e-Bulgaria futhi inikeza ukufinyelela kudatha yenkampani esemthethweni ebhaliswe ne-Bulgarian Commercial Register. Nakuba kungagxiliwe kuphela kudatha yohwebo, kungaba usizo ukucinga izinkampani ezibandakanyeka emisebenzini yokungenisa nokuthekelisa. 4. I-Eurostat: - Iwebhusayithi: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat - I-Eurostat iyihhovisi lezibalo le-European Union futhi inikeza izinkomba zezomnotho ezihlukahlukene zamazwe angamalungu e-EU, kuhlanganise neBulgaria. Ungathola izibalo zokuhweba eziphelele eziqhathanisa amazwe ahlukene ngaphakathi kwe-EU kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele. 5. Inhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba (i-WTO): - Iwebhusayithi: https://www.wto.org - I-WTO ihlinzeka ngezibalo zohwebo emhlabeni wonke ngokusebenzisa inkundla yayo yolwazi yezibalo ze-International Trade Statistics ehlanganisa ulwazi olusha mayelana nempahla edayiswayo yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuhwebelana kwezinsizakalo zezentengiselwano. Khumbula ukuhlola amawebhusayithi asemthethweni njalo njengoba angahlinzeka ngolwazi olusha lwedatha yezohwebo yaseBulgaria.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

I-Bulgaria, eseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Europe, inikeza izinkundla ezimbalwa ze-B2B ukuze amabhizinisi axhume futhi ahlanganyele. Lezi zinkundla zisiza izinkampani zase-Bulgaria ukuthi zithole abangaba ozakwethu, abahlinzeki bempahla, namakhasimende ngaphakathi kwezwe nasemhlabeni jikelele. Nazi ezinye izinkundla ze-B2B eziphawulekayo e-Bulgaria kanye namakheli abo ewebhusayithi: 1. I-Balkan B2B - Le nkundla isiza ukuxhumana kwebhizinisi ngaphakathi kwesifunda sase-Balkan. Ikhuthaza ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinkampani zaseBulgaria namanye amabhizinisi emazweni afana neRomania, Greece, Turkey, nokuningi. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.balkanb2b.net 2. I-EUROPAGES - I-EUROPAGES iyindawo yemakethe ye-B2B yaseYurophu eyenza amabhizinisi ase-Bulgaria akwazi ukukhombisa imikhiqizo/izinkonzo zawo kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Ivumela abathengi abavela ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene ukuthi bathole kalula abahlinzeki baseBulgaria noma abahlinzeki besevisi ngokwezidingo zabo. Iwebhusayithi: www.europages.com 3. I-Export.bg - I-Export.bg iyinkomba yebhizinisi eku-inthanethi ehlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nabathumeli bangaphandle base-Bulgaria emikhakheni ehlukene ehlanganisa ezolimo, ezokukhiqiza, ezobuchwepheshe, njll., okwenza kube lula kubathengi bangaphandle ukuthola abangaba ozakwethu abavela e-Bulgaria. 4. I-Bizuma - I-Bizuma iyinkundla yomhlaba wonke ye-e-commerce ye-B2B exhumanisa abakhiqizi, abathengisi bezitolo, abasabalalisi abavela emhlabeni wonke abanezinkampani zase-Bulgaria ezifuna amathuba okuthola noma izimakethe ezintsha zemikhiqizo/izinsizakalo zabo. I-5.TradeFord.com - I-TradeFord.com iyindawo yemakethe ye-B2B yamazwe ngamazwe lapho abathumeli bangaphandle baseBulgaria bengahlangana nabangenisi/abathengi bomhlaba abanentshisekelo yokuthenga imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ekhiqizwa noma ekhiqizwa izinkampani zase-Bulgaria. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi nakuba lezi nkundla zisetshenziswa kakhulu endaweni ye-B2B yase-Bulgaria ngesikhathi sokubhala le mpendulo (Septhemba 2021), kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo olwengeziwe njengoba ukutholakala kwenkundla kungase kushintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma kungase kuqhamuke ezintsha zinikeza izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele kumabhizinisi asebenza kuwo. E-Bulgaria.
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