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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
I-Uruguay, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-Oriental Republic of Uruguay, iyizwe laseNingizimu Melika elitholakala esifundeni esiseningizimu-mpumalanga. Njengoba inendawo ecishe ibe ngamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-176,000, izungezwe yiBrazil enyakatho nasempumalanga, i-Argentina ngasentshonalanga naseningizimu-ntshonalanga, kanye noLwandlekazi i-Atlantic eningizimu. I-Uruguay inabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezi-3.5. I-Montevideo inhloko-dolobha yayo nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke. Ulimi olusemthethweni olukhulunywa iSpanishi. Abantu base-Uruguay bayaziqhenya ngamasiko abo ahlukahlukene athonywa abokufika baseYurophu ikakhulukazi abavela eSpain nase-Italy. Izwe liziqhayisa ngesimo sezombusazwe esizinzile esinohulumeni wentando yeningi ophakamisa inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye namalungelo abantu. I-Uruguay ihlale iklelise phezulu ezinkomba zokuthula emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yamazinga aphansi obugebengu kanye nobudlelwano obunokuthula namazwe angomakhelwane. Umnotho wase-Uruguay uthathwa njengenye yezindawo ezithuthuke kakhulu eLatin America. Ithembele kakhulu kwezolimo, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwenyama yenkomo kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Iphinde iphumelele ekukhiqizweni kwamandla avuselelekayo njengamandla omoya ngokutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile okwenziwe ezinhlelweni zentuthuko esimeme. Imfundo idlala indima ebalulekile emphakathini wase-Uruguay njengoba izishaya isifuba ngamanani aphezulu okufunda nokubhala kanye nemfundo yamahhala yomphakathi ezakhamuzini zayo iminyaka engaphezu kweyi-100 manje. Izwe liphinde ligcizelele izinhlelo zezenhlalakahle ezifana nokuhlinzekwa kokunakekelwa kwezempilo emhlabeni wonke kanye nezimpesheni zabantu abadala. Ezokuvakasha zineqhaza elikhulu emnothweni wase-Uruguay ngenxa yamabhishi aso anesihlabathi amahle agudla ugu eheha izivakashi zasendaweni kanye nabavakashi bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna ukuphumula noma imisebenzi esekelwe ku-adventure efana nokuntweza noma ukugibela amahhashi. Ngokwesiko, abantu base-Uruguay bagubha imikhosi ehlukahlukene unyaka wonke bebonisa uthando lwabo ngomculo, umdanso (ofana ne-tango), izincwadi (nababhali abaningana abadumile abavela e-Uruguay) kanye nokudla kwendabuko okuhlanganisa inyama eyosiwe (i-asado) ehlinzekwa kanye netiye lomlingani - okudumile. isiphuzo sendabuko okwabelwana phakathi kwabangane. Sekukonke, i-Uruguay igqame phakathi kwezizwe zaseNingizimu Melika ngenxa yokuzinza kwayo kwezombusazwe, umnotho oqinile oqhutshwa ukuthunyelwa kwemboni yezolimo kwamanye amazwe njengokukhiqizwa kwenyama yenkomo okuhambisana nezinqubomgomo zezenhlalakahle eziqhubekayo, okuyenza ibe indawo ekhangayo ukuhlala kuyo noma ukuhlola.
Imali Yezwe
I-Uruguay iyizwe laseNingizimu Melika elinemali yalo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Uruguayan peso (UYU). Imali ichazwa ngokusemthethweni ngophawu $, futhi ihlukaniswe ngama-centésimos ayi-100. Kusukela mhla lu-1 kuNdasa, 1993, i-peso yase-Uruguay ibiwuhlobo lwemali oluguquleka ngokuphelele, okuvumela ukushintshana kalula ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezwe. Kuwo wonke umlando wayo, i-Uruguay ibe nokuguquguquka kwezomnotho kanye nezikhathi zokwehla kwamandla emali. Ukuze kuliwe nalolu daba, sekusetshenziswe izinqubomgomo ezahlukene zezimali ukuze kunzinziswe uhlobo lwemali. IBhange Elikhulu lase-Uruguay lidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuqina kwamanani kanye nokwengamela inqubomgomo yezimali ukuze kuvikelwe inani lepeso yase-Uruguay. Eminyakeni yakamuva, umnotho wase-Uruguay ukhombise ukuqina naphezu kokungaqiniseki emhlabeni. Ukuthengiswa okuqinile kwezolimo njengenyama yenkomo, ubhontshisi wesoya, imikhiqizo yobisi kunomthelela omkhulu emalini yokuthola imali yangaphandle ye-Uruguay. Ngaphezu kwezolimo, izinsiza ezifana nezokuvakasha nezezimali zisiza ukusekela umnotho nokugcina uzinzo. Njenganoma yimuphi umnotho wesimanje, ukubhanga nge-elekthronikhi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni ukuthengiselana kwezezimali e-Uruguay. Amakhadi edebithi namakhadi esikweletu amukelwa kabanzi kuzo zonke izikhungo ezihlukahlukene ezweni lonke. Izimali zakwamanye amazwe ezifana namadola ase-US noma ama-euro zingashintshwa emabhange agunyaziwe noma ezikhungweni zokushintshisana ezitholakala phakathi kwamadolobha amakhulu noma izindawo zezivakashi. Kutuswa ukuhlola amanani okushintshanisa imali ngaphambi kokwenza ukuhwebelana ukuze uqinisekise amanani afanelekile. Sekukonke, isimo semali yase-Uruguay sibonisa imizamo eyenziwa uhulumeni wayo kanye nebhange elikhulu ukugcina uzinzo phakathi nokuguquguquka kwezomnotho. Ngomnotho ohlukahlukene osekelwa imikhakha eqinile njengemboni yezolimo nezinkonzo, i-Uruguay iyaqhubeka nokulwela ukukhula komnotho kuyilapho iqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwenani lemali kazwelonke, i-peso yase-Uruguay.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Ithenda esemthethweni yase-Uruguay yi-Uruguayan peso (UYU). Ngokuqondene namazinga okushintshanisa ezinhlobo zemali ezinkulu, sicela uqaphele ukuthi angaphansi kokuguquguquka futhi angahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, nazi izilinganiso zokushintshanisa kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2021: I-USD eyi-1 (iDola lase-United States) = 43.40 UYU 1 EUR (Euro) = 50.75 UYU 1 GBP (British Pound Sterling) = 58.98 UYU 1 CNY (Chinese Yuan Renminbi) = 6.73 UYU Sicela ukhumbule ukuthi lezi zilinganiso zingashintsha futhi kuyanconywa ukuthi uxhumane nesikhungo sezezimali noma umthombo othembekile ukuze uthole ulwazi lwakamuva ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi ukuthengiselana ngokushintshisana ngemali.
Amaholide Abalulekile
I-Uruguay, izwe elincane laseNingizimu Melika elaziwa ngesiko layo elinempilo namagugu acebile, igubha amaholide amaningi abalulekile unyaka wonke. Nansi eminye yemikhosi nemigubho ebaluleke kakhulu e-Uruguay: 1. Usuku Lokuzimela (ngomhla zingama-25 ku-Agasti): Leli iholide likazwelonke elibaluleke kakhulu lase-Uruguay njengoba likhumbula inkululeko yalo e-Brazil ngo-1825. Lolu suku lumakwe ngemicimbi ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa ama-parade, iziqhumane, amakhonsathi, nemibukiso yamasiko. 2. I-Carnival: I-Carnival umcimbi omkhulu wamasiko e-Uruguay obonakala ngemibukiso yasemgwaqweni ejabulisayo, imvunulo ephilayo, umculo, nokudansa. Ihlala amasonto ambalwa phakathi kukaJanuwari noMashi, le nkathi yamaholide ibonisa izinkulumo zamasiko ezihlukile zezwe njenge-murgas (amaqembu amahlaya omculo), ama-edrum ensembles e-candombe, nokuntanta okumibalabala. 3. I-Dia de Todos los Santos (Usuku Lwabo Bonke Abangcwele) (Novemba 1): Igujwa kulo lonke elase-Uruguay kodwa ikakhulukazi endaweni yaseMontevideo's Old Town yase-Barrio Sur lapho amasiko ase-Afrika ephethe amathonya anamandla. Imindeni iyahlangana ukuze ikhumbule abathandekayo abashona ngokuvakashela amathuna ukuze bahlobise amathuna ngezimbali. 4. Isonto Elingcwele: Isikhathi esijulile senkolo kumaKatolika amaningi ase-Uruguay esiholela eSonto LePhasika. Udwendwe olukhethekile lwenzeka ezweni lonke kuleli sonto nabahlanganyeli abathembekile abalingisa izigcawu ze-Passion of Christ. 5. I-Fiesta de la Patria Gaucha: Igujwa minyaka yonke e-Tacuarembó ngo-March noma ngo-April; lo mkhosi uhlonipha isiko le-gaucho elimele impilo yendabuko yasemaphandleni namakhono abagibeli bamahhashi ayingqayizivele emlandweni we-Uruguay njengesizwe sezolimo. Izivakashi zingajabulela imibukiso ye-rodeo, imidanso yabantu efana ne-milonga noma i-chamé kuyilapho zizitika ngenyama eyosiwe yasendaweni emnandi. 6 . UKhisimusi (Navidad): Isikhathi sikaKhisimusi sigujwa ngenjabulo kulo lonke elase-Uruguay ngemihlobiso yemikhosi ehlobisa izindlu nemigwaqo ngokufanayo. Imindeni iyahlangana ngobusuku obandulela uKhisimuzi ukuze uthole isidlo esikhulu esihlanganisa izitsha zesintu, okulandelwa ukushintshisana ngezipho nokuhambela iMisa laphakathi kwamabili. Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa nje zamaholide abalulekile agujwa e-Uruguay. Umkhosi ngamunye unikeza ukuqonda ngamagugu ezwe ahlukahlukene, amasiko, kanye nezinkulumo zamasiko ezinempilo ezenza i-Uruguay ihluke.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
I-Uruguay iyizwe elincane eliseNingizimu Melika eliye labhekana nokukhula komnotho okuzinzile phakathi neminyaka edlule. Inomnotho ovulekile uma kuqhathaniswa nobudlelwano obuqinile bokuhwebelana namazwe ahlukahlukene, okuyenza ibe ngumdlali obalulekile ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe. Okuhamba phambili okuthunyelwa e-Uruguay kuhlanganisa imikhiqizo yezolimo efana nenyama yenkomo, irayisi, nobhontshisi wesoya. Lezi zimpahla zidlala indima enkulu emalini etholwayo yokuthunyelwa kwezwe kwamanye amazwe futhi zifaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwalo komnotho jikelele. I-Uruguay iphinde ithumele izindwangu, imikhiqizo yobisi, nemikhiqizo yezinkuni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Uruguay ithembele kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe kwezimpahla ezithile ezingakhiqizwe ekhaya noma ezibiza kakhulu ukukhiqiza endaweni. Ezinye zezimpahla ezinkulu ezingenisiwe zihlanganisa imishini nemishini, amakhemikhali, izimoto, izinto zikagesi, nemikhiqizo kaphethiloli. Ozakwethu abavelele bokuhweba base-Uruguay bahlanganisa iBrazil, i-China, i-Argentina, i-United States, neJalimane. I-Brazil inguzakwethu omkhulu wokuhweba kukho kokubili ukungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle ngenxa yokuba seduze kwayo ngokwendawo. Ukwengeza, i-China iye yavela njengozakwethu obalulekile kwezohwebo eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yesidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo yezolimo yase-Uruguay. Izwe liyingxenye yezivumelwano zokuhwebelana zezifunda ezimbalwa ezenza kube lula ukuhwebelana namazwe angomakhelwane. Ngokwesibonelo, Isivumelwano Se-Brazil-Uruguay Sokukhuthazwa Okuphindaphindiwe Kokukhiqizwa Kwezimpahla Zezimboni (ACE-2) sihlose ukukhuthaza ukubambisana kwezimboni phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili. I-Uruguay iphinde futhi ihlomule ezinhlelweni ezincanyelwayo zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), enikeza ukukhululwa kwentela noma ukuncishiswa kwezimpahla ezithile ezingenisiwe ezivela emazweni asathuthuka afanelekayo. Sekukonke, i-Uruguay igcina ukulingana okuhle kwezohwebo ngenxa yomkhakha wayo oqinile wokuthekelisa osekelwa yizinsiza zezolimo. Nokho, ibhekene nezinselele ezihlobene nokwehlukanisa umnotho wayo ngale kwemikhiqizo eyinhloko iye emikhiqizweni eyengeziwe. Lokhu kuzosiza ukunciphisa ubungozi obuhlobene nokuthembela kokumbalwa. imikhakha yokuthekelisa.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
I-Uruguay iyizwe laseNingizimu Melika elaziwa ngomnotho walo ozinzile kanye nezinqubomgomo zokuhweba ezivulekile. Inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe zangaphandle ngenxa yezici ezihlukahlukene. Okokuqala, i-Uruguay iyazuza endaweni yayo ekahle njengesango eliya eMercosur, okuyindawo yokuhweba yesifunda ehlanganisa i-Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, kanye ne-Uruguay. Lokhu kuvumela ukufinyelela okulula kulezi zimakethe ezinkulu kanye nesisekelo sazo sabathengi. Okwesibili, izwe linezivumelwano zokuhwebelana ezikhethwayo namazwe amaningana anjengeMexico, Canada, kanye ne-European Union. Lezi zivumelwano zinikeza i-Uruguay ukuncishiswa kwentela noma ukususwa emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene ethunyelwa kulezi zimakethe. Le nzuzo yenza imikhiqizo yase-Uruguay iqhudelane kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Uruguay idume ngemikhiqizo yayo yezolimo eseqophelweni eliphezulu njengenyama yenkomo, irayisi, ubhontshisi wesoya, nemikhiqizo yobisi. Isimo sezulu esivumayo saleli zwe nomhlabathi ovundile kuyivumela ukuthi ikhiqize isivuno esiningi njalo. Lokhu kudala amathuba okukhula kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe emkhakheni webhizinisi lezolimo. Ukwengeza, i-Uruguay yenze intuthuko enkulu ekukhiqizeni amandla avuselelekayo njengoba amandla omoya engomunye wemithombo yawo eyinhloko. Ukuzibophezela kukahulumeni ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe abathanda ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza kanye nezixazululo zamandla ahlanzekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Uruguay inikeza ukuzinza kwezombusazwe okuhambisana namazinga aphansi enkohlakalo. Ihlinzeka ngendawo yebhizinisi ekhangayo lapho izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe zingasebenza ngokuphepha ngaphandle kokukhathazeka okukhulu mayelana nezinxushunxushu zezombusazwe noma izindaba zokufumbathisa. Enye inzuzo ilele kubasebenzi bezwe abanamakhono kanye nokugcizelela imfundo. Ochwepheshe base-Uruguay banamakhono amahle kakhulu olimi (okuhlanganisa nesiNgisi) asiza ukuxhumana nabalingani bamazwe ngamazwe. Nokho lawa mathemba athembisayo angaba; kubalulekile ukucabangela izinselelo ezingase ziphazamise imizamo yokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe e-Uruguay. Lezi zinselele zihlanganisa usayizi wezimakethe zasekhaya ezincane uma kuqhathaniswa neminotho emikhulu njengeShayina noma iNdiya; ingqalasizinda enomkhawulo; izinqubo ze-bureaucratic ezingabambezela izinqubo; kanye nokuguquguquka kwemali okuthinta amazinga okushintshaniswa kwemali. Ukuphetha njengoba kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa ezingokwemvelo ezivuna amathemba okuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yangaphandle e-Uruguay - okuhlanganisa indawo yamasu ngaphakathi kwesifunda se-Mercosur; izivumelwano zokuhweba ezikhethwayo; imikhiqizo yezolimo esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo - kubalulekile ukucabangela izinselelo ezingase zivele ngesikhathi semizamo yokungena ezimakethe.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu yohwebo lwangaphandle e-Uruguay, kubalulekile ukucabangela izimfuno zemakethe yezwe, okuthandwa ngamasiko, kanye nezimo zomnotho. Nazi ezinye izici okufanele uzikhumbule lapho ukhetha imikhiqizo: 1. Imikhiqizo Yezolimo: I-Uruguay inomkhakha wezolimo oqinile, okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe njengobhontshisi wesoya, inyama yenkomo, imikhiqizo yobisi kuba negalelo elikhulu emnothweni wayo. Ngakho-ke, ukucabangela izimpahla ezinjengamabele (ukolweni, ummbila), imikhiqizo yenyama (inyama yenkomo egayiwe), nezinto zobisi kungaba inzuzo. 2. Ubuchwepheshe Bamandla Avuselelekayo: Njengezwe elizibophezele ekuqhubekeni nasekuvuseleleni imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengomoya noma amandla elanga, kunesidingo esikhulayo sobuchwepheshe obuhlobene nezinto zokusebenza ezifana nezinjini zomoya noma amaphaneli elanga. 3. Imikhiqizo Ehlobene Nezokuvakasha: I-Uruguay iheha izivakashi ngamabhishi ayo amahle nezindawo zomlando ezifana ne-Colonia del Sacramento noma i-Punta del Este. Ngakho, ukukhetha okuthengiswayo okuqondise izidingo zezivakashi kungaba inzuzo enkulu; lokhu kufaka phakathi izesekeli zasolwandle (izinto zokuthambisa ezivimba ilanga), imisebenzi yezandla/imisebenzi yobuciko emele isiko lase-Uruguay noma izinto eziyisikhumbuzo. 4. Imboni Yemfashini/Yezingubo: Izingubo zihlale zidingeka kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele; yingakho ukugxila ezimpahleni zekhwalithi ezenziwe ngezinto ezitholakala endaweni (ezifana novolo) kukhombisa amandla emboni yemfashini yase-Uruguay. 5. Izinsiza Zezokwelapha/Imithi: Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kuyaqhubeka nokuvela e-Uruguay; ngakho-ke imishini yezokwelapha njengezinhlelo zokuthwebula izithombe noma imikhiqizo yemithi enobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile inamathuba amahle okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. 6. Izinsizakalo Zokuthuthukiswa Kwesofthiwe/I-IT: Ngokugxila okwandayo ekusetshenzisweni kwedijithali emhlabeni wonke - kuhlanganise ne-Uruguay - kunesidingo esikhulayo sezixazululo zesofthiwe kanye nezinsizakalo ze-IT ezibhekelela imikhakha efana nezezimali/zamabhange/ezolimo zingaba izinketho eziphumelelayo. 7. Imikhiqizo Nezimonyo Evumelana Nemvelo: Ukuqaphela imvelo kuzwakala emphakathini wase-Uruguay; ngakho-ke izinto ezilungele imvelo (ukupakishwa kwe-biodegradable) noma izimonyo zemvelo ezidalwe ngemithombo yemvelo zihambisana kahle nezithakazelo zemakethe eqondiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, - Yenza ucwaningo lwemakethe ukuze uqonde kangcono izitayela/izidingo zakamuva. - Cabangela izikhuthazo zikahulumeni ezisekela imikhakha ethile noma ukukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. - Gqugquzela ubudlelwano nabakhiqizi bendawo noma abahlinzeki bempahla ukuze uthole uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngokuqhubekayo. - Ukunamathela kumazinga ekhwalithi kanye nezinqubo zokunikeza isitifiketi ukuze umkhiqizo ungene ngokushelelayo emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. Khumbula, ukucutshungulwa okuphelele kwezimakethe zase-Uruguay kanye nalokho okuthandwa ngabathengi kubalulekile ngenkathi kukhethwa imikhiqizo. Ekugcineni, impumelelo yakho izoncika ekunikezeni imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nesidingo kuyilapho ihambisana namanani endawo kanye nezimo zomnotho.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
I-Uruguay, eseNingizimu Melika, iyizwe elaziwa ngamasiko alo ahlukile kanye nenani labantu abahlukahlukene. Njengomuntu webhizinisi noma usomabhizinisi osebenzisana namakhasimende ase-Uruguay, ukuqonda izici zawo nama-tabos kubalulekile ekusebenzisaneni okuphumelelayo. Amakhasimende ase-Uruguay aziwa ngokwazisa ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu nokwethembana. Ukwakha ubuhlobo ngezingxoxo ezingakahleleki nokwazi iklayenti ngokomuntu siqu kungaqinisa kakhulu ubudlelwano bebhizinisi. Kuvamile ukuthi bakhe ubudlelwano besikhathi eside obusekelwe ekuhloniphaneni nasekuthembaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina isikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu lapho usebenzisana namakhasimende ase-Uruguay. Ukusheshisa imihlangano noma ama-aphoyintimenti kukhombisa ubungcweti nokuhlonipha isikhathi sabo. Ukufika sekwephuzile kungabonakala njengokungahloniphi. Mayelana nesitayela sokuxhumana, ukungaqondile kuvame ukuthandwa e-Uruguay. Abantu bavame ukugwema ukungqubuzana noma ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwezingxoxo noma izingxoxo. Kubalulekile ukugcina indlela enesizotha neyokukhulumela ngenkathi kubhekwana nanoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka noma izingxabano ezingase ziphakame. Ukwengeza, ukuzijabulisa ngaphandle komsebenzi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni ubudlelwano bebhizinisi e-Uruguay. Izimemo zokudla kwasemini noma isidlo sakusihlwa zivamile njengoba zinikeza ithuba lengxoxo engakahleleki nokuxhumana namakhasimende. Uma kukhulunywa ngokungafaneleki, kubalulekile ukugwema ukuxoxa ngepolitiki ngaphandle uma iklayenti liqala ingxoxo kuqala. I-Uruguay ibinokwehlukana kwezombusazwe esikhathini esedlule obekusengavusa imizwa ebucayi kwabanye abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkolo kufanele kukhulunywe nayo ngokucophelela njengoba i-Uruguay inezinkolelo ezingokwenkolo ezihlukahlukene phakathi kwabantu bayo. Kungcono ukungacabangi lutho mayelana nezinkolo zomunye ngaphandle uma ezisho yena. Okokugcina, ukugxeka izithonjana zezwe njengamaqembu ebhola kungase kucasule abantu abathile njengoba ibhola libaluleke kakhulu esikweni lase-Uruguay. Ukubonisa inhlonipho ngamakilabhu ezemidlalo adumile njenge-Nacional noma i-Peñarol kungasiza ekudaleni imibono emihle phakathi nezingxoxo ezihlanganisa izihloko ezihlobene nezemidlalo. Sekukonke, ukuhlakulela ubudlelwano obuqinile phakathi kwabantu obakhelwe ekwethembeni nasekucabangeleni ukuzwela kwamasiko kuzoba nendima ebalulekile lapho uzibandakanya namakhasimende ase-Uruguay ngempumelelo.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
I-Uruguay, eseNingizimu Melika, inohlelo olusungulwe kahle lokuphatha amasiko nemithethonqubo ethile nemihlahlandlela okufanele izivakashi ziziqaphele ngaphambi kokungena ezweni. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi bonke abantu abafikayo noma abasuka e-Uruguay kumele bagcwalise izinqubo zenkambiso. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukumemezela izimpahla ezilethwa ezweni kanye nokukhokha imisebenzi esebenzayo nezintela. Ukwehluleka ukumemezela izimpahla ngendlela efanele kungaholela ekujezisweni noma ekuthathweni. Mayelana nezinto ezingavunyelwe, i-Uruguay ikwenqabela ngokuqinile ukungeniswa kwezidakamizwa, izikhali, izibhamu ngaphandle kokugunyazwa okufanele, izilwane eziphilayo ezingenazo izimvume zezilwane, nezinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo. Kuyadingeka ukucwaninga imithethonqubo ethile mayelana nokungenisa impahla ngaphandle kokuvakashela ezweni. Ukwengeza, kunemikhawulo ethile yokuletha imali e-Uruguay. Uma uhlela ukuphatha imali engaphezu kuka-USD 10,000 (noma okulingana nayo) eyimali noma amasheke lapho ungena noma uphuma ezweni, kufanele ukumemezele ezindlini. Abahambi kufanele futhi bazi ukuthi kunemikhawulo ezintweni zamahhala ezilethwa e-Uruguay. Le mikhawulo ihlanganisa osikilidi abangu-400 noma amagremu angu-500 emikhiqizo kagwayi ukuze ayisebenzisele umuntu siqu kanye namalitha afinyelela kwamathathu ophuzo oludakayo kumuntu ngamunye ongaphezu kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukunaka izidingo zabokufika lapho ungena e-Uruguay. Iphasiphothi evumelekile iyadingeka ukuze ungene futhi kufanele okungenani ibe nezinyanga eziyisithupha ezisemthethweni ngaphezu kwesikhathi osihlosile sokuhlala. Ngokuya ngobuzwe bakho, izidingo ezengeziwe ze-visa zingasebenza; ngakho-ke kuwumkhuba ongcono kakhulu ukubonisana nezinsiza ezisemthethweni njengamanxusa noma amanxusa ngaphambi kohambo. Sekukonke, ngenkathi uvakashele e-Uruguay kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza ngohlelo lwabo lokuphatha amasiko futhi uhambisane nayo yonke imithetho nemithethonqubo ebekwe iziphathimandla zabo. Ukuqaphela le mihlahlandlela kuzoqinisekisa ukungena okushelelayo kulesi sizwe esihle saseNingizimu Melika. Qaphela: Ulwazi olunikeziwe lungase lushintshwe ngakho Kuhlala kunconywa ukuthi uhlole izinsiza zikahulumeni ezisemthethweni ukuze uthole ulwazi lwakamuva mayelana nemithetho yentela ngaphambi kohambo.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-Uruguay, izwe laseNingizimu Melika eliphakathi kweBrazil ne-Argentina, isebenzise inqubomgomo ephelele yentela yokungenisa ukuze ilawule ukugeleza kwempahla ezweni. Isakhiwo sentela yokungenisa e-Uruguay yakhelwe ukuvikela izimboni zasekhaya, ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya, futhi kungenisele uhulumeni imali. Izindleko zempahla edayiswa emazweni angaphandle ziyehluka ngokuya ngezigaba zazo. I-Uruguay ilandela i-Mercosur Common External Tariff (CET), ebeka amanani ajwayelekile emikhiqizo ethengwa kwamanye amazwe angamalungu angaphandle. Kodwa-ke, kukhona okunye okuhlukile kanye nokuguqulwa okwenziwe yi-National Customs Directorate yase-Uruguay. Ngokuvamile, izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezimpahla ezinkulu ezisetshenziswa ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni zingafanelekela amanani entengo aphansi noma ayiziro ukukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kule mikhakha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimpahla zomthengi eziqediwe zivame ukubhekana nezintela eziphezulu zokungenisa impahla njengendlela yokukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwendawo kanye nokuvikela abakhiqizi basekhaya. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imikhiqizo ethile ingase ibe ngaphansi kwezintela ezengeziwe noma imithethonqubo ngokusekelwe kumvelo noma umsuka wayo. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yezolimo ivamise ukudinga izitifiketi ze-phytosanitary noma ingase ibe ngaphansi kwemithetho ethile ephathelene nezinto eziphilayo eziguqulwe ngofuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Uruguay iphinde yasebenzisa izivumelwano zohwebo namazwe ahlukahlukene ukuze kuncishiswe amanani entengo yezinto ezithile ezisuka kwamanye amazwe. Lezi zivumelwano zihlose ukukhulisa ukufinyelela emakethe kwamabhizinisi ase-Uruguay ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo zinikeza abathengi uhla olubanzi lwemikhiqizo ethengekayo evela kwamanye amazwe. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nemizamo kahulumeni wase-Uruguay yokuqondisa izinqubo zenkambiso nokwenza lula izinqubo zohwebo ngokusebenzisa izinkundla zedijithali ezifana neWindow Single for Foreign Trade (VUCE). Lolu hlelo luhlose ukunciphisa imithwalo yokuphatha kanye nokwenza lula ukusulwa ngokushesha kwezinto ezithengwayo ngesikhathi kuqinisekiswa ukuthotshelwa kwezibopho zentela. Sekukonke, inqubomgomo yentela yokungenisa yase-Uruguay ihloselwe ukulingana phakathi kokuvikela izimboni zasekhaya kanye nokukhuthaza ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngokuhlinzeka ngezimo ezivumayo emikhakheni ekhethiwe kuyilapho kwandisa imithombo yemali engenayo ngemisebenzi yentela.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
I-Uruguay, izwe eliseNingizimu Melika, isebenzise inqubomgomo yentela yezimpahla zayo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Inqubomgomo yentela ihloselwe ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho kanye nokweseka izimboni zasekhaya. I-Uruguay ilandela uhlelo lwe-value-added tax (VAT) ezimpahleni ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kuyakhululwa ku-VAT njengoba kuthathwa njengemisebenzi enesilinganiso esilinganiselwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ayikho i-VAT efakwa ezimpahleni ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngokwazo. Ukwengeza, i-Uruguay iphinde inikeze izikhuthazo zentela ezahlukahlukene ukukhuthaza imisebenzi yokuthekelisa. Lezi zinzuzo zihlanganisa ukukhululwa noma ukuncishiswa kwentela yemali engenayo yebhizinisi ezinkampanini ezithengisa izimpahla noma amasevisi. Uhulumeni uhlose ukuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe kanye nokuthuthukisa imakethe yezwe yokuthumela ngaphandle ngokuhlinzeka ngalezi zinzuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Uruguay isayine izivumelwano eziningi zokuhwebelana kwamahhala kwamanye amazwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe. Lezi zivumelwano zihlose ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa amanani entengo kanye nezithiyo ezingakhokhisi emikhiqizweni ethile ehwebelana phakathi kwamazwe asayinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Uruguay ibamba iqhaza elibonakalayo kumabhlogo ohwebo wesifunda njenge-Mercosur (Imakethe Evamile YaseNingizimu), ehlanganisa i-Argentina, i-Brazil Paraguay, kanye ne-Uruguay ngokwayo. Lo mfelandawonye wesifunda ukhuthaza ukudidiyela futhi wenze lula ukuhwebelana ngokuqeda imisebenzi yangokwezifiso phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu. Sekukonke, inqubomgomo yentela yezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle yase-Uruguay igxile ekwehliseni izintela kwabathumela ngaphandle ngokukhululwa kwe-VAT emikhiqizweni ethunyelwa ngaphandle kanye nokunikeza izinxephezelo zezezimali ezinkampanini ezenza imisebenzi yokuthekelisa. Lezi zinyathelo zihlose ukweseka ukukhula komnotho ngokugqugquzela ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana namazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe ezimbonini ezithuthukayo zakuleli.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
I-Uruguay iyizwe laseNingizimu Melika elaziwa ngomnotho walo ohlukahlukene futhi onamandla. Njengesizwe esiqhutshwa ukuthekelisa, i-Uruguay isebenzise izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nobuqiniso bokuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe. Ukuze ilawule futhi iqinisekise ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, i-Uruguay ilandela uhlelo olunzulu olungaphansi kweNational Customs Directorate (DNA), eyengamele yonke imisebenzi yohwebo lwangaphandle. I-DNA isungule amazinga aqinile nezinqubo zokuthola isitifiketi sokuthekelisa. Isici esisodwa esibalulekile sesitifiketi sokuthekelisa e-Uruguay "Isitifiketi Somsuka." Lo mbhalo uqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wakhiqizwa ngokuphelele noma wacutshungulwa e-Uruguay. Iqinisekisa umsuka wezimpahla futhi iqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwezivumelwano zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Isitifiketi Somsuka singatholwa emigwaqweni egunyaziwe efana namagumbi okuhweba noma izinhlangano zezimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Uruguay iphinde inikeze ezinye izinhlobo zesitifiketi sokuthekelisa kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo othunyelwa ngaphandle: 1. I-Phytosanitary Certification: Ezimpahleni zezolimo, lesi sitifiketi siqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zezempilo zomhlaba wonke ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabalala kwezinambuzane nezifo. 2. Ukuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi: Imikhiqizo ethile idinga ubufakazi bokuthi ihlangabezana namazinga athile ekhwalithi ngaphambi kokuthi ithekeliswe. Lezi zitifiketi zitholakala ngokuhlolwa okwenziwa amalabhorethri agunyaziwe. 3. Isitifiketi Se-Halal: Ukuze kuhlinzekelwe izimakethe zamaSulumane, abanye abathumeli bangase bakhethe ukuthola isitifiketi se-halal semikhiqizo yabo yokudla, okubonisa ukuthi bayayithobela imithetho yezokudla yamaSulumane. Abathumeli bangaphandle kudingeka ukuthi bathobele kokubili imihlahlandlela yezinhlangano ezilawulayo kanye nezimiso zenhlanzeko ezisungulwe amazwe angenisayo ukuze bathole lezi zitifiketi ngempumelelo. Ukuzibophezela kwe-Uruguay ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe okuthembekile kubonakala futhi ngokubamba iqhaza kwayo ezinqubweni zokuvumelana zamazwe ngamazwe njengalezo eziholwa yi-Codex Alimentarius Commission noma i-International Standards Organization (ISO). Le mizamo iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwe-Uruguay kuhambisana nezinkambiso zezimboni zomhlaba wonke futhi kukhuthaze ukwamukelwa okukhulu emhlabeni wonke. Ngokuthobela imihlahlandlela eqinile ebusa izitifiketi zemvelaphi, ukuthobela imithetho ye-phytosanitary, ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi, kanye nezimfuneko ezifanele eziqondene nomkhakha othile njengezitifiketi ze-halal uma kudingeka, i-Uruguay igcina isithunzi njengozakwethu othembekile wokuhweba phakathi kwamazwe omhlaba.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Uruguay, izwe elincane eliseNingizimu Melika, linikeza izinketho ezimbalwa zezinsizakalo zezokuthutha ezisebenza kahle nezithembekile. 1. Amachweba: I-Uruguay inamachweba amabili amakhulu - i-Montevideo Port kanye ne-Punta del Este Port. I-Montevideo Port iyichweba elikhulu kunawo wonke ezweni futhi isebenza njengesizinda esibalulekile sohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ihlinzeka ngezinsiza ezisezingeni eliphezulu, okokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kokuphatha impahla, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwempahla. I-Punta del Este Port ibhekelela kakhulu ukuhamba ngemikhumbi kodwa futhi isingatha inani elilinganiselwe lempahla. 2. Izikhumulo zezindiza: I-Carrasco International Airport iyisikhumulo sezindiza esikhulu sase-Uruguay futhi idlala indima ebalulekile kunethiwekhi yezokuthutha yezwe. Itholakala kalula eduze kwaseMontevideo futhi inikeza ukuxhumana okuhle kakhulu nezindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba. Isikhumulo sezindiza sihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezisebenza kahle zokuthuthwa kwezindiza ngezindiza eziningi ezithwala impahla ezisebenza ngezindiza ezijwayelekile. 3. Inethiwekhi Yomgwaqo: I-Uruguay inohleloxhumano lwemigwaqo oluthuthuke kahle olusiza ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla okubushelelezi ngaphakathi kwezwe kanye nokweqa imingcele yayo neBrazil ne-Argentina. Umzila 5 uxhuma inhloko-dolobha, iMontevideo neBrazil, kuyilapho umzila 1 uwuxhuma e-Argentina. Le migwaqo ewuthelawayeka ifakwe nengqalasizinda yesimanje, iziteshi zokukala isisindo, izindawo zokuphumula, nezindawo zokukhokhelwa eziqinisekisa ukuhamba okuphephile kwempahla. 4. Izitimela: Nakuba zingasetshenziselwe kakhulu ukuthutha impahla eminyakeni yamuva, i-Uruguay inazo inethiwekhi yezitimela exhumanisa amadolobha abalulekile njengeMontevideo, Salto, Paysandu, Fray Bentos phakathi kwamanye. Umzila wezitimela njengamanje wenziwa wesimanje ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kodwa usetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthutheni okusanhlamvu ezindaweni zezolimo. 5 . Imithetho Yempahla Ethengiswayo: I-Uruguay ilandela izinqubo zenkambiso ezisobala ezenza kube lula ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe Ukulula ukubhalwa kwemibhalo kwenza ukungenisa noma ukuthumela izimpahla kungabi nankinga uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe esifundeni. 6 . Izinsiza Zezindlu Warehouse: Kuzo zombili izikhungo zasemadolobheni njenge-Montevideo noma ezifundeni zezimboni kuzwelonke , kunezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ezimbalwa ezitholakalayo ezinikeza izixazululo zesitoreji ezihlanganisa isitoreji esilawulwa izinga lokushisa noma izindawo ezikhethekile ezisekelwe ezimfuneko ezithile. 7 . Izinkampani Ezithutha Impahla: Izinkampani eziningi ezithumela impahla zisebenza e-Uruguay, zihlinzeka ngezixazululo ezibanzi. Lezi zinkampani zihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezisukela ekukhishweni kwentela kanye nezokuthutha ukuya endaweni yokugcina impahla kanye nokusabalalisa. Abathumeli bempahla abathembekile bangaqinisekisa ukuhamba kahle nangesikhathi kwezimpahla kweqa imingcele. Sengiphetha, indawo ekahle ye-Uruguay, ingqalasizinda yesimanje, amachweba nezikhumulo zezindiza ezisebenza kahle, inethiwekhi yemigwaqo exhunywe kahle, izinqubo zenkambiso esobala, izindawo zokugcina impahla, nabahlinzeki benkonzo yezokuthutha abanokwethenjelwa kuyenza ibe indawo ekhangayo yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokusekelwa okuhle kakhulu kwezinto.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

I-Uruguay, izwe laseNingizimu Melika elinabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezi-3.5, liziqhayisa ngezindlela ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe nemibukiso yezohwebo. Lezi zinkundla zinikeza amathuba okuthi i-Uruguay ixhumane nabathengi bomhlaba wonke futhi ibonise izinhlobonhlobo zayo zemikhiqizo. Isiteshi esisodwa esiphawulekayo sokuthengwa kwempahla yi-Mercosur Free Trade Zone. I-Uruguay iyilungu lale nhlangano yezohwebo yesifunda, ehlanganisa iBrazil, i-Argentina, iParaguay, kanye ne-Uruguay ngokwayo. Isivumelwano se-Mercosur siqinisekisa ukufinyelela okukhethekile kwemikhiqizo yamazwe angamalungu ezimakethe zomunye nomunye. Ukwengeza, i-Uruguay ibambe iqhaza ezivumelwaneni ezihlukahlukene zokuhwebelana ezidale amathuba amasha okuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. Isibonelo, izwe linesivumelwano neMexico esaziwa ngePacific Alliance. Igxile ekukhuthazeni ukuhwebelana phakathi kwamazwe angaphakathi kweLatin America kanye nokugqugquzela ukukhula komnotho kulezi zifunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Uruguay iyazuza emibukisweni eminingana yokuhweba ebalulekile eheha abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abavela ezimbonini eziningi. Isibonelo esisodwa i-Expo Prado, umcimbi waminyaka yonke obanjwe ngoSepthemba obonisa imikhiqizo yezolimo nezindlela zokuzalanisa imfuyo emhlabeni wonke. Lo mbukiso unikeza inkundla enhle kakhulu yabalimi base-Uruguay ukuthi baxhumane nabathengi bezolimo emhlabeni wonke. Omunye umbukiso wezohwebo obalulekile obanjelwe eMontevideo iviki le-Expo Melilla-Buyers'. Lo mcimbi uhlose ukuxhumanisa abakhiqizi bakazwelonke nabathengi basekhaya nabangaphandle abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nendwangu, izimboni zokukhiqiza izingubo, amabhizinisi akhiqiza ukudla isonto lonke elinikezelwe emihlanganweni yebhizinisi. Ngaphezu kwale micimbi yasekhaya; izinkampani ezithumela kwamanye amazwe nazo zibambe iqhaza emibukisweni yamazwe ngamazwe ngaphandle kwemingcele yezwe ngokubamba iqhaza okuphethwe izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezifana ne-Uruguay XXI (isikhungo sikazwelonke sokutshala izimali nokugqugquzela ukuthekelisa). Basiza amabhizinisi ase-Uruguay ukuthi ahlole izimakethe ezintsha phesheya kuyilapho ebasiza ngemisebenzi yokukhangisa ngesikhathi semicimbi efana ne-China International Import Expo (CIIE) noma i-Hannover Messe Fair eJalimane - zombili ezidume umhlaba wonke njengezinkundla ezibalulekile zamathuba okuxhumana phakathi kwabahlinzeki namakhasimende avela emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho; ngenxa yendawo yayo eseduze nemizila emikhulu yezokuthutha exhuma iNingizimu Melika ngaphesheya koLwandlekazi i-Atlantic, i-Uruguay ibekwe ngendlela efanelekile njengendawo yezokuthutha kanye nezinjongo zokusabalalisa. Ichweba laseMontevideo, elinye lamachweba abaluleke kakhulu esifundeni, lisiza ukuhwebelana phakathi kwe-Uruguay nabalingani bayo bomhlaba. Leli chweba lifakwe ingqalasizinda ethuthukisiwe evumela ukungenisa nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngempumelelo. Sekukonke, i-Uruguay inikezela ngohlu lweziteshi ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla zamazwe ngamazwe nemibukiso yezohwebo. Ukubamba iqhaza kwayo ezivumelwaneni zohwebo zesifunda, njenge-Mercosur ne-Pacific Alliance, kudala ukufinyelela okukhethekile ezimakethe ezingomakhelwane. Khonamanjalo, imibukiso yasekhaya efana ne-Expo Prado kanye neVeki Labathengi Le-Expo Melilla-Buyers inikeza amathuba okuba amabhizinisi ase-Uruguay asungule ukuxhumana nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Okokugcina, indawo ekahle yengqalasizinda yechweba lase-Uruguay ilibeka njengendawo ekhangayo yemisebenzi yezokuthutha ehlinzeka izidingo zohwebo lwangaphandle lwaseNingizimu Melika.
E-Uruguay, izinjini zokusesha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi: 1. I-Google Uruguay (www.google.com.uy): Lena inguqulo yasendaweni yenjini yokusesha yakwa-Google eklanyelwe abasebenzisi base-Uruguay. Ihlinzeka ngemiphumela yosesho ngesi-Spanish futhi inikeza okuqukethwe okwasendaweni. 2. Yahoo! I-Uruguay (uy.yahoo.com): Yahoo! I-Search inikeza inguqulo yasendaweni yabasebenzisi base-Uruguay futhi. Ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ukusesha kwewebhu, izindaba, i-imeyili, nokuningi. 3. I-Bing (www.bing.com): I-Bing enye injini yokusesha edumile emhlabeni wonke engasetshenziswa e-Uruguay. Nakuba isebenza ngesiNgisi, futhi ihlinzeka ngemiphumela yosesho efanele kubasebenzisi base-Uruguay. 4. I-MercadoLibre (www.mercadolibre.com): Nakuba ingeyona injini yokusesha, i-MercadoLibre ingenye yezinkundla ezinkulu ze-e-commerce e-Latin America futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu abasebenzisi be-inthanethi base-Uruguay ukuthola imikhiqizo namasevisi ku-inthanethi. 5. I-DuckDuckGo (duckduckgo.com): I-DuckDuckGo yaziwa ngendlela yayo egxile kubumfihlo ekusesheni iwebhu ngokugwema ukulandela umkhondo komuntu siqu kwedatha yomsebenzisi. Nakuba ingase inganikezi inguqulo ethile yesi-Uruguay, abasebenzisi basengasebenzisa le njini yokusesha edumile. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba lezi kungenye yezinjini zokusesha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu e-Uruguay, abantu abaningi basengathembela kuma-giants emhlabeni jikelele njenge-Google noma i-Bing ekusesheni kwabo ku-inthanethi ngenxa yezintandokazi zolimi noma ukujwayelana nezici namakhono alezi nkundla.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

E-Uruguay, amakhasi aphuzi ayinhloko ahlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko abe izinkomba ezimbili ezinkulu - "Páginas Amarillas" kanye "noGuía Móvil." Lezi zinkomba zisebenza njengezinsiza eziphelele zamabhizinisi namasevisi ezweni. Nawa amawebhusayithi abo afanele: 1. Ama-Amarillas: Iwebhusayithi https://www.paginasamarillas.com.uy/ I-Páginas Amarillas (Yellow Pages) iwuhlu lwemibhalo olusetshenziswa kabanzi e-Uruguay olunikeza uhlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Iwebhusayithi inikeza injini yokusesha okulula ukuyisebenzisela ukuthola izinsiza ezithile noma izinkampani ngesigaba, indawo, noma amagama angukhiye. 2. U-Guía Móvil: Iwebhusayithi http://www.guiamovil.com/ I-Guía Móvil ingenye inkomba yamakhasi aphuzi edumile e-Uruguay. Eceleni kohlu lwamabhizinisi, iphinde inikeze imininingwane yokuxhumana yamahhovisi kahulumeni, izikhungo zikahulumeni, kanye nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo njengezibhedlela neziteshi zamaphoyisa. Zombili lezi zinkomba zinikeza izinkundla eziku-inthanethi lapho abasebenzisi bengasesha khona imikhiqizo noma amasevisi ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zabo noma abakuthandayo. Amawebhusayithi afaka izici ezinjengamamephu, ukubuyekezwa komsebenzisi, izilinganiso, izaphulelo, amaphromoshini avela kumabhizinisi asohlwini ukuze kube lula ukuthathwa kwezinqumo kumakhasimende angaba khona. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kungase kube nezinye izinkomba zendawo ezincane eziqondene nezifunda ezithile ngaphakathi kwe-Uruguay ezinganikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana namabhizinisi asendaweni kulezo zindawo. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi nakuba lawa mawebhusayithi ehlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile mayelana namabhizinisi namasevisi e-Uruguay ngesikhathi sokubhala le mpendulo (2021), kuhlale kuhle ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwawo njengoba kungase kuguquke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yezinguquko zemininingwane yokuxhumana noma izikhungo ezintsha ezizayo. .

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

I-Uruguay iyizwe laseNingizimu Melika elaziwa ngendawo yalo ye-e-commerce ephilayo. Nawa amanye amapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce e-Uruguay kanye namawebhusayithi awo afanele: 1. I-Mercado Libre (www.mercadolibre.com.uy): I-Mercado Libre ingesinye sezinkundla ezinkulu nezidume kakhulu ze-e-commerce e-Uruguay. Inikeza inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo ehlanganisa izinto zikagesi, impahla yasekhaya, imfashini, nokunye. 2. TiendaMIA (www.tiendamia.com/uy): I-TiendaMIA iyinkundla yokuthenga eku-inthanethi evumela amakhasimende ase-Uruguay ukuthi athenge imikhiqizo kumawebhusayithi aphesheya njenge-Amazon, eBay, kanye ne-Walmart alethelwe ngqo emnyango wawo. 3. I-Linio (www.linio.com.uy): I-Linio iyindawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi enikezela ngemikhiqizo eyahlukene okuhlanganisa izinto zikagesi, imfashini, ubuhle, izinto zasendlini, nokunye. 4. I-Dafiti (www.dafiti.com.uy): I-Dafiti igxile ekudayiseni ngemfashini futhi inikeza izingubo, izicathulo, izesekeli zabesilisa, abesifazane, nezingane. 5. I-Garbarino (www.garbarino.com/uruguay): I-Garbarino igxile kakhulu ezintweni zikagesi ezifana nama-TV, ama-laptops, ama-smartphone kanye nezinto zikagesi zasendlini njengeziqandisi noma imishini yokuwasha. 6. I-Punta Carretas Shopping Online (puntacarretasshoppingonline.com/); I-Punta Carretas Shopping Online iyinkundla ye-e-commerce ehlinzekwe yi-Punta Carretas Shopping Mall e-Montevideo lapho ungathola khona imikhiqizo yemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kusukela kwezembatho kuya kwezikagesi ezitholakalayo ukuze zithengwe ku-inthanethi. 7.Isitolo se-New York Times - i-Latin America Edition(shop.newyorktimes.store/collections/countries-uruguay) Akuyona nje iwebhusayithi ye-Uruguayan kodwa inikeza okuthengiswayo okuhlukile okuhlobene ne-New York Times okunikezelwe ngokukhethekile emazweni ase-Latin America okuhlanganisa ne-Uruguay. Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zamapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce e-Uruguay. Ukuthenga nge-inthanethi sekuye kwanda kakhulu ezweni, kunikeza uhla lwemikhiqizo elula nehlukahlukene kubathengi.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

I-Uruguay, izwe laseNingizimu Melika elaziwa ngezindawo zayo ezinhle namasiko anempilo, inezinkundla zokuxhumana ezimbalwa ezidumile phakathi kwezakhamuzi zakhona. Nazi ezinye izingosi zokuxhumana ezinkulu e-Uruguay kanye namawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Facebook (www.facebook.com): I-Facebook isetshenziswa kakhulu e-Uruguay futhi isebenza njengenkundla eyinhloko yokuhlala uxhumene nabangane, umndeni, kanye nosebenza nabo. Abasebenzisi bangabelana ngezibuyekezo, izithombe, amavidiyo, futhi bajoyine amaqembu ahlukahlukene noma imicimbi ehambisana nezinto abazithandayo. 2. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com): I-Instagram enye inkundla yezokuxhumana edumile e-Uruguay egxile ekwabelaneni ngezithombe namavidiyo. Abasebenzisi bangalandela abangani, osaziwayo, noma ama-akhawunti anethonya ukuze bahlale benolwazi ngezimpilo zabo zansuku zonke noma bahlole izihloko ezihamba phambili ngama-hashtag. 3. I-Twitter (www.twitter.com): Yaziwa ngobunjalo bayo obufushane ngenxa yemikhawulo yabalingiswa ku-tweet ngayinye, i-Twitter nayo isetshenziswa kakhulu abantu base-Uruguay. Inikeza inkundla yabasebenzisi ukuveza imibono ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene ngemiyalezo emifushane ebizwa ngokuthi "ama-tweets" kuyilapho belandela ama-tweets abanye. 4. I-LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com): Kochwepheshe base-Uruguay abafuna ukwandisa inethiwekhi yabo noma ukucinga amathuba emisebenzi ku-inthanethi, i-LinkedIn iyinkundla ekahle. Abasebenzisi bangakha amaphrofayili ochwepheshe agqamisa amakhono abo nolwazi ngenkathi bexhumana nozakwabo noma abangaba abaqashi. 5. I-Snapchat (www.snapchat.com): I-Snapchat inikeza indlela eyingqayizivele yokuxhumana ngesithombe nemiyalezo yevidiyo enezihlungi ezengeziwe kanye nemiphumela etholakala ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo. 6. I-TikTok (www.tiktok.com): Ngokukhula kokuthandwa kokuqukethwe kwamavidiyo afushane emhlabeni wonke, i-TikTok isithole umfutho phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-inthanethi nase-Uruguay. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukurekhoda amavidiyo okudala besebenzisa amathrekhi omsindo ahlukahlukene ngenkathi behlola amathrendi amagciwane. 7 I-WhatsApp: Nakuba ingahlukaniswa njengenkundla yezokuxhumana yendabuko njengabanye ababalulwe ngenhla; I-WhatsApp idlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumaniseni abantu kulo lonke elase-Uruguay ngokunika amandla izinsiza zemiyalezo kuwo wonke ama-smartphone ngaphandle kwezindleko zenkampani yenethiwekhi ngaphakathi kwezindawo ezikhava i-inthanethi. Lezi ngezinye zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu ezivame ukusetshenziswa e-Uruguay. Ngenkathi ezinye izinkundla zigxile kakhulu ekuxhumekeni komuntu siqu kanye nokwabelana ngolwazi, ezinye zibhekelela ukunethiwekha okuphrofeshinali noma ukwakhiwa kokuqukethwe kokudala. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zinkundla zingase ziguquke noma izingosi ezintsha zenkundla yezokuxhumana zingavela ngokuzayo, zibonise isimo esiguqukayo sobuchwepheshe namathrendi omhlaba.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

I-Uruguay, izwe elinempilo yaseNingizimu Melika, iyikhaya lezinhlangano ezihlukene zezimboni ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhuthazeni imikhakha eyahlukene. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano eziyinhloko zezimboni e-Uruguay kanye namawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Chamber of Industries of Uruguay (CIU) - I-CIU imele futhi isekele imisebenzi yezimboni kulo lonke elase-Uruguay. Ikhuthaza ukukhula kwezimboni, ikhuthaza ukusungulwa, ikhuthaza izinguquko zenqubomgomo ezizuzisa izimboni, futhi inikeza izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ochwepheshe. Iwebhusayithi http://www.ciu.com.uy/ 2. I-Uruguayan Chamber of Information Technology (CUTI) - I-CUTI ihlanganisa ndawonye izinkampani nezingcweti ezivela emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe bolwazi e-Uruguay. Isebenzela ukuthuthukisa amakhono ezobuchwepheshe, ikhuthaza amabhizinisi ngaphakathi kwemboni ye-IT, ihlela imicimbi kanye nezinhlelo zokwabelana ngolwazi. Iwebhusayithi https://www.cuti.org.uy/ 3. I-Association of Banks of Uruguay (ABU) - I-ABU iyinhlangano ehamba phambili emele amabhange asebenza ohlelweni lwezezimali lwase-Uruguay. Isebenza njengokuxhumana phakathi kwamabhange angamalungu kanye neziphathimandla ezilawulayo kuyilapho ithuthukisa amasu agxile ekukhuthazeni ukuzinza nokukhula kwezezimali. Iwebhusayithi http://www.abu.com.uy/home 4. I-Uruguayan Poultry Processing Plants Association (URUPPA) - I-URUPPA imele izitshalo zokucubungula izinkukhu kulo lonke elase-Uruguay ngokwenza kube lula ukuxhumana phakathi kwamalungu ayo, ukukhuthaza imikhuba engcono kakhulu ehlobene nokukhiqiza izinkukhu nezindlela zokucubungula. Iwebhusayithi: Okwamanje ayitholakali. 5.I-Uruguayan Road Freight Transport Chamber (CTDU) - Leli gumbi lihlanganisa ndawonye izinkampani ezisebenza ngezinsizakalo zokuthutha izimpahla zomgwaqo e-Uruguay kuyilapho zisebenzela ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, amazinga okuphepha emisebenzi yezokuthutha emgwaqeni ngokubambisana nezinhlaka ezilawulayo. Iwebhusayithi http://ctdu.org/ 6.Inhlangano yabenzi bewayini base-Uruguay- Le nhlangano imele abenzi bewayini e-uruguay ngokuhlela imicimbi ehlobene newayini , ikhuthaze izinhlelo zekhwalithi yewayini Iwebhusayithi : Okwamanje ayitholakali Lezi ezinye nje zezibonelo zezinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni ezikhona e-Uruguay ezihlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene njengokukhiqiza, ezezimali, ezobuchwepheshe, ezokuthutha, nezolimo. Sicela wazi ukuthi amanye amawebhusayithi kungenzeka awatholakali okwamanje noma angashintshwa. Ngolwazi lwakamuva kakhulu, kuyanconywa ukuthi uvakashele amawebhusayithi abo noma wenze ucwaningo olwengeziwe

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi ezohwebo nezomnotho ahlobene ne-Uruguay, kanye nama-URL awo: 1. I-Uruguay XXI - I-ejensi esemthethweni yokutshalwa kwezimali, ukuthekelisa, kanye nezwe ye-Uruguay. I-URL: https://www.uruguayxxi.gub.uy/en/ 2. Umnyango Wezomnotho Nezezimali - Uphethe ulwazi lwezinqubomgomo zezomnotho, izinhlelo zezezimali, nedatha yezibalo. I-URL: https://www.mef.gub.uy/492/3/ministerio-de-economia-y-finanzas.html 3. I-Banco Central del Uruguay (Ibhange Elimaphakathi lase-Uruguay) - Ihlinzeka ngolwazi lwenqubomgomo yezimali, ukuzinza kwezezimali, imithethonqubo, kanye nezibalo. I-URL: http://www.bcu.gub.uy/ 4. I-UTE (Administración Nacional de Usinas y Transmisiones Eléctricas) - Inkampani kagesi ephethwe nguhulumeni enesibopho sokukhiqiza nokusabalalisa amandla kagesi e-Uruguay. I-URL: https://www.portalute.com/user/home.php 5. DINAMA (Dirección Nacional de Medio Ambiente) - Inhlangano kazwelonke yezemvelo elawula izinqubomgomo zemvelo ezweni. I-URL: http://dinama.gub.uy/ 6. I-Proexport+I-Ejensi Yokutshala imali yase-Uruguay - Igxile ekukhuthazeni amathuba okutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe ezweni. I-URL: https://proexport.com/index.pxp?MID=1560&lang=en 7.I-Uruguay Chamber of Exporters (CEDU) - Inhlangano emele abathumeli bempahla base-Uruguay emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa ezolimo, imboni, kanye nezinsizakalo. I-URL: https://cedu.org.uy/ 8.I-Uruguayan Confederation of Production Commerce & Services- Imele imikhakha eyahlukene ehlanganisa ezolimo, izimboni, I-URL:http/ccpu.org/ kanye nezinkonzo. Lawa mawebhusayithi ahlinzeka ngolwazi olubanzi mayelana namathuba okutshala izimali emikhakheni ehlukene kanye nezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezifanele zamabhizinisi afuna ukusebenzelana nawo noma ukuzisungula emnothweni wase-Uruguay. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kuhlale kuhle ukuthi uqinisekise ukwethembeka nokufaneleka kolwazi oluhlinzekwe kulawa mawebhusayithi futhi uxhumane nochwepheshe noma iziphathimandla ezifanele ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa emibuzo yedatha yokuhweba atholakalayo e-Uruguay. Ngezansi ezinye ezidumile kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi azo: 1) I-Uruguay XXI - Lena i-ejensi esemthethweni yokukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali nokuthekelisa yase-Uruguay. Bahlinzeka ngengosi yedatha yezohwebo ephelele enikeza ulwazi ngokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukungenisa, izimakethe, imikhakha, nokuningi. Iwebhusayithi https://www.uruguayxxi.gub.uy/en/ 2) I-National Customs Directorate (DNA) - I-DNA inesibopho sokuphatha izindaba zentela e-Uruguay. Isizindalwazi sabo esisemthethweni sihlinzeka ngokufinyelela ezibalweni zohwebo ezihlanganisa ukungenisa nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngomkhiqizo, izwe, nemvelaphi/indawo. Iwebhusayithi https://www.dnci.gub.uy/wnd_page.aspx 3) I-World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) - I-WITS iyisizinda solwazi sezohwebo esiphethwe yi-World Bank Group ehlanganisa amazwe ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafinyelele idatha yokuhweba enemininingwane ehlanganisa ukungenisa, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, amanani entengo, ukuhlaziywa kwemakethe, nokuningi. Iwebhusayithi https://wits.worldbank.org/ 4) Isikhungo Sohwebo Samazwe Ngamazwe (ITC) - I-ITC inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezinsizakalo ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza intuthuko esimeme ngohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ingosi yabo ye-Trade Map inikezela ngezibalo ezinemininingwane zohwebo zamazwe amabili zamazwe ahlukahlukene kubandakanya ne-Uruguay. Iwebhusayithi http://www.trademap.org/(S(prhl4gjuj3actp0luhy5cpkc))/Default.aspx Lawa mawebhusayithi kufanele akunikeze ulwazi olunembile nolwakamuva lwedatha yezohwebo yase-Uruguay. Khumbula ukuhlola inkundla ngayinye ukuze uthole izici ezithile noma imininingwane ongase uyibheke ocwaningweni lwakho noma ohlelweni lwakho lokuhlaziya!

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

I-Uruguay iyizwe elitholakala esifundeni esiseningizimu-mpumalanga yeNingizimu Melika. Yaziwa ngomnotho wayo ozinzile, ingqalasizinda ethuthuke kahle, nesimo sebhizinisi esivumayo. Ngakho-ke, inikeza uhla lwezinkundla ze-B2B ezisiza ukuthengiselana kwebhizinisi nokuxhumana. Nazi izibonelo: 1. I-MercadoLibre Uruguay: Lena enye yezinkundla ezinkulu ze-e-commerce ze-B2B e-Latin America, okuhlanganisa ne-Uruguay. Ivumela amabhizinisi ukuthi athengise imikhiqizo yawo ku-inthanethi futhi axhumane nabathengi abangaba abathengi kalula. Iwebhusayithi: www.mercadolibre.com.uy 2. I-Dairytocyou: Inkundla ye-B2B eqondene ngqo nemboni yobisi e-Uruguay, i-Dairytocyou inika amandla abahlinzeki nabathengi ukuthi bahwebe ngemikhiqizo ehlobene nobisi ngempumelelo. Iwebhusayithi: www.dairytocyou.com 3. I-Mexporta Uruguay: Idizayinelwe izinjongo zohwebo lwangaphandle, i-Mexporta isiza amabhizinisi ukuthi athumele izimpahla zase-Uruguay ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe ngokuxhuma abathumela impahla kwamanye amazwe nabathekelisa emhlabeni wonke. Iwebhusayithi: www.mexportauruguay.com 4. I-Compralealauruguay.com: Le nkundla ihlinzeka ngendawo yemakethe ye-B2B emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nokudla neziphuzo, okokusebenza kwezimboni, ezolimo, njll., okuvumela izinkampani kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukene ukuthi zixhume futhi zenze ibhizinisi ngaphakathi kwe-Uruguay. Iwebhusayithi: www.compralealauruguay.com 5. I-Urubid Auctions Platform SA (UAP): Ngenhloso yokuguqula indali ngaphakathi kwe-Latin America ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bedijithali, i-UAP inikeza inkundla ye-inthanethi lapho abantu noma izinkampani zingabamba iqhaza ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zezindali ezihlelwe ngaphakathi kwe-Uruguay. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.urubid.net 6. I-ExpoGanadera Virtual (EGV): Igxile emabhizinisini ahlobene nemfuyo e-Uruguay, i-EGV isebenza njengendawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi lapho abalimi noma abafuyi bemfuyo bengathenga/badayise imfuyo futhi bathole izinsiza ezihlobene noma izinto zokusebenza. Iwebhusayithi (ngeSpanishi): https://expoganaderavirtual.com/ Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje; kungase kube namanye amapulatifomu e-B2B atholakala e-Uruguay kuye ngemboni ethile noma umkhakha onentshisekelo kuwo. Kubalulekile ukucwaninga ngokuqhubekayo futhi uhlonze inkundla efaneleka kakhulu yezidingo zebhizinisi lakho.
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