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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
I-Tajikistan iyizwe elivaliwe elise-Asia Emaphakathi, emngceleni ne-Afghanistan eningizimu, i-Uzbekistan ngasentshonalanga, iKyrgyzstan enyakatho, neChina empumalanga. Ihlanganisa indawo elinganiselwa ku-143,100 square kilometers. Njengoba inabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-9.6, iTajikistan iyisizwe esixube izinhlanga namaTajik ahlanganisa iningi. Ulimi olusemthethweni isiTajik kodwa isiRashiya sisakhulunywa kabanzi. Inhloko-dolobha yaseTajikistan yiDushanbe esebenza njengesizinda sayo sezepolitiki nezomnotho. Amanye amadolobha amakhulu ahlanganisa iKhujand kanye ne Kulob. I-Tajikistan inendawo ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa izintaba eziphakeme njengezintaba zasePamir ezihlanganisa ezinye zeziqongo ezinde kakhulu emhlabeni. Lezi zici zemvelo ziyenza idume phakathi kwezivakashi kanye nabafuna uhambo lokuqwala izintaba nemisebenzi yokuhamba ngezinyawo. Umnotho uthembele kakhulu kwezolimo, kanti ukotini ungomunye wemikhiqizo ewuthumela kakhulu kwamanye amazwe. Eminye imikhakha efana nezimayini (okuhlanganisa negolide), ukukhiqizwa kwe-aluminiyamu, ukukhiqizwa kwezindwangu, namandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi nakho kunomthelela omkhulu ku-GDP yezwe. I-Tajikistan ibhekane nezinselelo eziningi kusukela yathola inkululeko ku-Soviet Union ngo-1991. Ibekezelele impi yombango phakathi kuka-1992-1997 eyadala umonakalo omkhulu engqalasizinda kanye nomnotho. Kodwa-ke, imizamo yenziwe maqondana nokuzinza nentuthuko kusukela lapho. Uhulumeni usebenza ngaphansi kohlelo lukamongameli lweriphabhulikhi lapho u-Emomali Rahmon esebenza njengoMongameli wakhe kusukela ngo-1994. Ukuzinza kwezombusazwe kusalokhu kuyinto eqhubekayo emphakathini waseTajik. Naphezu kwalezi zinselelo, isiko lamaTajik liyachuma ngenxa yamagugu alo acebile athonywa amasiko asePheresiya ahlanganiswe nemithelela yenkathi yamaSoviet. Umculo wesintu onjengo-Shashmaqam kanye nemisebenzi yezandla efana nokufekethiswa kumelela lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwamasiko. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ezokuvakasha bezilokhu zikhula kancane kancane njengoba izivakashi zikhangwa izindawo zomlando ezifana ne-Hissor Fortress noma i-UNESCO World Heritage Sites kuhlanganise ne-Sarazm - enye yezindawo zokuhlala zabantu ezindala kunazo zonke e-Asia Ephakathi.
Imali Yezwe
I-Tajikistan iyizwe elivaliwe elise-Central Asia. Imali esemthethweni yase-Tajikistan yi-Tajikistani somoni, efushanisiwe njenge-TJS. Yethulwa ngo-Okthoba 2000, i-somoni yathatha indawo yemali yangaphambili, ebizwa ngokuthi i-ruble yaseTajikistani. I-somoni eyodwa ihlukaniswe yaba diram eziyi-100. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi azikho izinhlamvu zemali ze-diram ezijikelezayo; kunalokho, kusetshenziswa amanothi ephepha. Izinga lokushintshisana kwe-somoni lingashintshashintsha uma liqhathaniswa nezimali ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe njengedola laseMelika ne-euro. Kodwa-ke, ivamise ukuzulazula ku-1 USD = cishe i-10 TJS (kusukela ngoSepthemba 2021). Ukuthola noma ukushintshanisa imali yendawo ngenkathi uvakashele e-Tajikistan, umuntu angakwenza lokho emabhange agunyaziwe nasemahhovisi okushintshanisa atholakala ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amakhulu njengeDushanbe noma iKhujand. Ama-ATM nawo ayatholakala ukuze uhoxiswe kusetshenziswa amakhadi edebhithi aphesheya noma esikweletu. Kutuswa ukuphatha amahlelo amancane lapho usebenzelana nokuthengiselana ngemali njengoba izikweletu ezinkulu zingase zingamukelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi abathengisi noma izikhungo ezincane ezingaphandle kwezindawo zasemadolobheni. Sekukonke, njenganoma yiliphi elinye izwe elinesistimu yalo yemali eyingqayizivele, ukuqonda nokulungiswa ngemali ethile yendawo ngenkathi uvakashela i-Tajikistan kuzoqinisekisa ukuthengiselana kwezezimali okushelelayo ngesikhathi uhlala kulesi sizwe esihle.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali esemthethweni yaseTajikistan yiTajikistani somoni (TJS). Mayelana namazinga okushintshanisa imali ezimalini ezinkulu zomhlaba, sicela uqaphele ukuthi lawa manani ashintshashintsha njalo. Nokho, kusukela ngoSepthemba 2021, isilinganiso sokushintshisana simi kanje: 1 USD = 11.30 TJS I-EUR eyi-1 = 13.25 TJS 1 GBP = 15.45 TJS 1 CNY = 1.75 TJS Sicela ukhumbule ukuthi lezi zilinganiso zingase zishintshe futhi kuhlale kuhle ukuthi uhlole umthombo onokwethenjelwa noma isikhungo sezezimali ukuze uthole amanani okushintshanisa akamuva kakhulu ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi ukuthengiselana.
Amaholide Abalulekile
I-Tajikistan igubha imikhosi eminingana ebalulekile unyaka wonke. Omunye wemikhosi ebaluleke kakhulu eTajikistan yiNavruz, ephawula uNyaka Omusha WasePheresiya nokuqala kwentwasahlobo. Iba ngoMashi 21 futhi ithathwa njengeholide likazwelonke. I-Navruz igujwa ngesasasa elikhulu namasiko agxile kakhulu esikweni lesiTajik. Abantu bahlanza amakhaya abo, bathenge izingubo ezintsha, futhi balungiselele izidlo zemikhosi ukuze bamukele unyaka ozayo. Imigwaqo igcwele ama-parade, umculo, imidlalo yokudansa, nemidlalo yendabuko efana ne-Kok Boru (umdlalo wamahhashi). Imindeni nabangane bayahlangana ukuze bajabulele ukudla okumnandi okunjenge-sumalak (iphalishi elimnandi elenziwe ngokolweni), i-pilaf, i-kebab, amakhekhe, izithelo namantongomane. Omunye umkhosi obalulekile eTajikistan uSuku Lokuzimela ngoSepthemba 9. Lolu suku lukhumbula isimemezelo seTajikistan sokuzibusa ngaphansi kweSoviet Union ngo-1991. Le migubho ivamise ukuhlanganisa imibukiso yezempi ekhombisa amandla esizwe nobumbano. Eminye imikhosi ephawulekayo ihlanganisa i-Eid al-Fitr kanye ne-Eid al-Adha emaka ukubaluleka kwezenkolo kumaSulumane e-Tajikistan. Lawa maholide amaSulumane alandela amakhalenda enyanga ngakho izinsuku zawo eziqondile ziyahlukahluka unyaka nonyaka kodwa zigcinwa ngokuzinikela okukhulu emphakathini wamaSulumane. Ngokungeziwe kule mikhosi emikhulu, kunemikhosi yesifunda egubha amasiko athile noma amasiko endawo ngaphakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukene zaseTajikistan. Le micimbi ikhombisa amasiko ahlukene okuhlanganisa nokudlalwa komculo wesintu okufana ne-Badakhshani Ensemble noma i-Khorog festival. Sekukonke, le mikhosi idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni amagugu e-Tajik ngemikhosi ejabulisayo ehlanganisa abantu ngenkathi behlonipha umlando wabo, inkolo, kanye nezindinganiso zabo.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
I-Tajikistan iyizwe elivaliwe elise-Central Asia. Yabelana ngemingcele ne-Afghanistan, China, Kyrgyzstan, kanye ne-Uzbekistan. Umnotho wezwe uthembele kakhulu kwezolimo, izimbiwa kanye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. I-Tajikistan inohlelo lokuhweba oluvulekile olugxile ezimbonini ezigxile ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe njengokukhiqiza ukotini, ukucwengwa kwe-aluminium, kanye nokukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamanzi. Abalingani bayo abakhulu bokuhweba bahlanganisa i-China, iRussia, i-Afghanistan, i-Kazakhstan, ne-Uzbekistan. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Tajikistan okukhulu yimikhiqizo ye-aluminium ehlanganisa ama-alloys e-aluminium nama-ingots. Ingomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu be-aluminium esifundeni ngenxa yemithombo yamaminerali ecebile njenge-bauxite. Okunye okubalulekile okuthengisiwe kwamanye amazwe kubandakanya ifayibha kakotini nezindwangu ezikhiqizwa ukotini otshalwa endaweni. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-Tajikistan ibilokhu ibheka namathuba emkhakheni wezamandla ukukhulisa amandla ayo okuhweba. Ngenala yemithombo yamanzi evela emifuleni efana nezinhlelo ze-Amu Darya kanye ne-Vakhsh River, i-Tajikistan ihlose ukuba ngumthumeli-jikelele kagesi emazweni angomakhelwane ngokusebenzisa izizinda zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi. Kodwa-ke, i-Tajikistan ibhekene nezinselelo ekuthuthukiseni ibhalansi yayo yezohwebo njengoba ithembele kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwezimpahla ezithengwayo ezifana nemishini yezinhloso zezimboni noma izimoto zokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yezokuthutha. Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo kwezohwebo ngokuqhubekayo: 1) Ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda efana nemigwaqo kanye noxhaxha lwezitimela ezizokwenza kube lula ukuhwebelana kwemingcele. 2) Ukuhlukanisa isisekelo sayo sokuthekelisa ngokuthuthukisa imikhakha ngaphandle kwempahla eyisisekelo. 3) Ukuqinisa amandla okukhiqiza ekhaya ngokutshala imali ezinhlelweni zokuthuthukisa abantu. 4) Ukunciphisa izithiyo ze-bureaucratic amabhizinisi abhekana nazo lapho ehlanganyela emisebenzini yokuhweba yamazwe ngamazwe. 5) Ukuhlola amathuba okuhlanganiswa komnotho wesifunda ngokubamba iqhaza ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne-Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Sekukonke, i-Tajikistan iyaqhubeka nokusebenzela ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwano bayo bezohwebo namazwe ahlukahlukene ngenkathi ihlukanisa isizinda sayo semakethe yokuthekelisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula komnotho okusimeme.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
I-Tajikistan, izwe elivalekile elise-Asia Emaphakathi, inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yohwebo lwangaphandle. Naphezu komnotho wayo omncane kanye nezinsiza ezilinganiselwe, i-Tajikistan inamaphuzu ambalwa anenzuzo ayenza ibe indawo ekhangayo kubatshalizimali nabahwebi bangaphandle. Okokuqala, indawo ekahle ye-Tajikistan iyenza ihabhu elibalulekile lezokuthutha phakathi kwe-Europe ne-Asia. Itholakala eduze komzila kaSilk Road wasendulo, leli zwe lixhumanisa izimakethe ezinkulu njenge-China, Russia, Iran, Afghanistan, kanye neTurkey. Le nzuzo yendawo ihlinzeka ngamathuba amaningi ohwebo oluwela imingcele futhi yenza kube lula ukuhamba kwezimpahla ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene. Okwesibili, iTajikistan inemithombo yemvelo eningi engasetshenziswa ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe. Isizwe sinothe ngezimbiwa phansi njengegolide, isiliva, i-uranium, amalahle, namatshe ayigugu afana nerubi nomgogodla. Ukwengeza, iMalaysia inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa imboni yezokuvakasha ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwamasiko ayo ahlukile kanye nezindawo ezikhanga izivakashi ezisezingeni lomhlaba njengePetronas Towers, namabhishi amahle. Lokhu kudala amathuba okuthumela impahla eluhlaza noma ukusungula amabhizinisi ahlangene nezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezinentshisekelo yokumba izinsiza. . Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla e-Tajikstan aphehla ugesi ngamanzi angelinye lamazwe acebe kakhulu emhlabeni, ahlinzeka ngendlela enkulu yokuthola ukuthunyelwa kwamandla ngaphandle. Ngaphansi kokutshalwa kwezimali okufanele kwengqalasizinda, isizwe singathuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ngokwakha amadamu amaningi noma ukutshala imali emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo. yethula indlela ethembisayo yokuthuthukisa hhayi kuphela izimboni zasekhaya kodwa futhi nokuthekelisa ugesi osele emazweni angomakhelwane lapho isidingo sikagesi sidlula ukuhlinzekwa kukagesi. Kodwa-ke, i-Tajiksitan isabhekene nezinselelo ezithile uma kuziwa ekuthuthukisweni kwemakethe yohwebo lwangaphandle. Uhlaka lwayo lwesikhungo ludinga ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe ngokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo ezilungele abatshalizimali, ukuncishiswa kwemithetho yezokuphatha, kanye nokwenza obala okuthuthukisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe alinazo nengqalasizinda yesimanje okuhlanganisa amanethiwekhi ezokuthutha, izinsiza zamachweba. ,kanye nezinsizakalo zezokuthutha ezibalulekile emisebenzini ephumelelayo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kufanele futhi kwenziwe ukufuduka kwezemfundo, ukuqeqeshwa kwezabasebenzi okuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe okwenza amabhizinisi akwazi ukuncintisana namazwe ngamazwe. Sengiphetha, i-Tajikistan ikhombisa amandla amangalisayo okuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe zohwebo lwangaphandle uma kubhekwa indawo yayo ekahle, imithombo yemvelo ecebile, namandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ngokubhekana nezinselele ezikhona kanye nokwenza izinguquko, i-Tajikistan ingathuthukisa ukuncintisana kwayo ezimakethe zomhlaba futhi ihehe ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe ukusheshisa ukukhula komnotho.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo yemakethe yohwebo yangaphandle e-Tajikistan, kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe. I-Tajikistan itholakala e-Asia Emaphakathi futhi inomnotho ohlukahlukene ngezolimo, izimboni, kanye nemikhakha yezimayini. Nazi ezinye izigaba zomkhiqizo ezidumile ezibe yimpumelelo emakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yaseTajikistan: 1. Ezolimo: I-Tajikistan inezindawo ezivundile ezicebile okwenza umkhakha wayo wezolimo ubaluleke kakhulu. Imikhiqizo enjengezithelo (ikakhulukazi ama-apula), imifino, amantongomane, ukotini, noju inamandla amakhulu ezimakethe zomhlaba. 2. Izindwangu nezingubo: Kunesidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo yendwangu emakethe yasekhaya yaseTajikistan kanye nasemazweni angomakhelwane. Izindwangu zekhwalithi ephezulu, izinto zokugqoka njengezingubo zendabuko noma ukugqokwa kwesimanje kwabesilisa/abesifazane/izingane kungaba ukukhetha okudumile kokuthekelisa. 3. Imishini nemishini: Njengoba izwe lithuthukisa ingqalasizinda yalo, siyanda isidingo semishini yokwakha, imishini yezolimo (ogandaganda/impahla yasepulazini), impahla yezimboni (njengamajeneretha) kanye nezimoto. 4. Imithombo yamaminerali: I-Tajikistan yaziwa ngobuningi bemithombo yayo yezimbiwa kuhlanganise namatshe ayigugu afana namarubi nama-amethyst. Amanye amaminerali afana negolide, isiliva, i-lead zinc ores nawo anamandla okuthunyelwa ngaphandle. 5. Imikhiqizo yokudla: Ukudla okugayiwe njengemikhiqizo yobisi (ushizi/ iyogathi/ibhotela), imikhiqizo yenyama (yenkomo/yewundlu/inkukhu) ukudla okupakishiwe (izithelo ezisemathinini/ezigajwe/imifino) zingathola imakethe kukho kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kanye nokwesifunda. ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. 6. Ezemithi: Imboni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo ibona ukukhula e-Tajikistan ngenxa yokwanda kokuqwashisa ngezindaba eziphathelene nempilo; ngaleyo ndlela imithi nezinto zokwelapha zingathathwa njengezimpahla ezifunwayo. Ngaphambi kokukhetha izigaba zomkhiqizo othile noma ukwenza ucwaningo lwemakethe ngokuqondile, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya okuthandwayo kwendawo ngokuxhumana nabathengi abangaba amakhasimende noma ama-ejenti endawo abaqonda ukuguquguquka kwemakethe yendawo kangcono kunanoma ubani omunye.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
I-Tajikistan, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhulikhi yaseTajikistan, iyizwe elivaliwe elise-Asia Emaphakathi. Njengoba inamagugu amasiko acebile athonywe ngokujulile amasiko asePheresiya, isiTurkey, nesiRashiya, i-Tajikistan iyikhaya labantu abaningi ababonisa izici ezithile zamakhasimende futhi ebuka izithiyo ezithile. Uma kukhulunywa ngezici zekhasimende e-Tajikistan, isici esisodwa esivelele umuzwa wabo onamandla wokungenisa izihambi. Abantu baseTajik baziwa ngemvelo yabo efudumele neyokwamukela izivakashi noma amakhasimende. Ngokuvamile benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuze benze izivakashi zizizwe zikhululekile futhi zihlonishwa. Lo mkhuba udlulela ebudlelwaneni bebhizinisi lapho ukusungula ukuxhumana komuntu siqu kubaluleke kakhulu. Esinye isici esibalulekile samakhasimende e-Tajikistan ukugcizelelwa kwemikhuba yendabuko kanye namasiko omphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, isizotha nokuhlonipha abadala kuyizimfanelo ezaziswa kakhulu. Emihlanganweni yebhizinisi noma izingxoxo, ukuthatha isikhathi sokushintshisana ngezinto ezimnandi ngaphambi kokungena ebhizinisini kungasiza ukwakha ubuhlobo namakhasimende angaba khona. Uma ucubungula ama-taboos noma ukuzwela kwamasiko e-Tajikistan okufanele kuqashelwe amakhasimende noma izivakashi, kunezici ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlonipha isimo somphakathi esongayo. Ukugqoka ngesizotha nokuchayeka kancane kwesikhumba kubonisa ukuzwela kwesiko. Okwesibili, ukuphuza utshwala ngokuvamile akukhuthazwa ngenxa yezinkolelo zenkolo ezivame phakathi kwengxenye enkulu yabantu abalandela amaSulumane. Ngakho-ke, nakuba kunganqatshelwe ngokusobala kwabangewona amaSulumane ukuthi baphuze utshwala ezindaweni eziyimfihlo njengamahhotela noma izindawo zokudlela eziphakela abantu bangaphandle; umuntu kufanele asebenzise ukuqonda lapho ephuza uphuzo oludakayo ikakhulukazi ngaphandle noma ezindaweni zomphakathi. Ukuhlonipha amasiko endawo mayelana nokusebenzisana kobulili nakho kubalulekile lapho uqhuba ibhizinisi e-Tajikistan. Kuyafaneleka ukuthi amadoda angajwayelene ngokwanele (ozakwabo/abangane) angaxhawula abesifazane ngokuqondile ngaphandle uma isandla sakhe siluliwe kuqala. Sengiphetha, amakhasimende aseTajikistani ayakwazisa ukungenisa izihambi namasiko endabuko anjengesizotha, inhlonipho, nokugcina ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu. Ukuze kusungulwe ubudlelwano obuphumelelayo, amakhasimende e-Tajikistan kufanele aqaphele ukuziphatha kwawo kanye nezingubo zawo, aqaphele ukuphuza kwawo utshwala futhi abambelele ezinkambisweni zobulili zendabuko.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
I-Tajikistan iyizwe elivalekile e-Asia Emaphakathi elinohlelo oluhlukile lwamasiko nohlelo lokufika kwabantu kwamanye amazwe. Lapho ungena eTajikistan, kubalulekile ukuqaphela imithetho nemigomo yabo yamasiko. I-Tajikistan Customs Service inesibopho sokuphatha ukulawulwa kwemingcele yezwe kanye nohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Baqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yentela, baqoqa intela yempahla evela kwamanye amazwe, futhi banqande ukushushumbiswa. Lapho befika esikhumulweni sezindiza noma kunoma iyiphi enye indawo yokungena, abahambi kufanele balethe ipasipoti esemthethweni kanye nezincwadi zokuhamba ezidingekayo njengama-visa noma izimvume. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela izinto ezingavunyelwe lapho ungena eTajikistan. Izimpahla ezithile njengezikhali, izidakamizwa, iziqhumane, izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, nemali yomgunyathi zinqatshelwe ngokuphelele. Ukwengeza, izinto zobuciko zamasiko ezifana nezinto zakudala zomlando noma izinto zakudala zidinga imibhalo efanele ngezinjongo zokuthekelisa. Abahambi kufanele bamemezele zonke izinto ezibalulekile abaziphethe lapho bengena eTajikistan ukuze bagweme izinkinga ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Kuyatuseka ukugcina amarisidi ezinto ezibizayo ezithengwe phesheya ukuze kufakazele ubunikazi bazo lapho ziphuma ezweni. Lapho zisuka e-Tajikistan, izivakashi zinenketho yokuthola ukubuyiselwa kwemali mahhala uma zihlangabezana nezidingo ezithile. Ukubuyiselwa kwemali ngokuvamile kusebenza ezimpahleni ezithengwe ezitolo ezigunyaziwe ezibamba iqhaza kulolu hlelo; kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukugcina amarisidi ekhawulelwe phakathi nezikhathi ezithile lapho uthenga lezi zinto. Abahambi kufanele futhi bakhumbule ukuthi ukweqa imingcele phakathi kweTajikistan namazwe angomakhelwane kungabandakanya imithetho ethile. Kunconywa ukuthi uzijwayeze nezidingo ze-visa kanye nesikhathi esivunyelwe sokuhlala ezweni ngalinye ngaphambi kokuhlela noma yiluphi uhambo oluwela imingcele. Njengoba imithethonqubo ingashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile noma yehluke kuye ngezimo zomuntu ngamunye ngezinye izikhathi; kungaba ubuhlakani ezivakashini ezifuna ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngohlelo lokuphathwa kwempahla yaseTajikistan noma izimfuneko ezithile zokungena/zokuphuma zithintane nemithombo esemthethweni kahulumeni noma zithinte amanxusa endawo ngaphambi kohambo.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-Tajikistan, ese-Asia Emaphakathi, inenqubomgomo ethile yentela yezimpahla ezingenisiwe. Izwe lilandela imihlahlandlela yeNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba (i-WTO) mayelana nentela yempahla kanye nezindleko. I-Tajikistan igcina intela yempahla ehlanganisiwe eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-Common Customs Tariff (CCT). Lolu hlelo lwentela luhlukanisa izimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe zibe izigaba ezihlukene ngokusekelwe emvelweni yazo, njengezinto ezingavuthiwe, imikhiqizo ephakathi nendawo, kanye nezimpahla eziqediwe. Isigaba ngasinye sibe sesingaphansi kwezilinganiso zentela ezithile. Imisebenzi yokungenisa e-Tajikistan ngokuvamile ibalwa njengezintela ze-ad valorem, okusho ukuthi zisekelwe kumaphesenti yenani lomkhiqizo ongenisiwe. Ezimpahleni ezithile, kungase futhi kube nentela eyengeziwe noma izintela zenani elingeziwe elibekiwe. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Tajikistan inikeza impatho ethile ekhethekile ekuthengisweni okuvela emazweni enezivumelwano zohwebo phakathi kwamazwe amabili noma wesifunda. Lezi zivumelwano zivame ukuholela ekwehliseni amanani entengo noma ekukhululweni emikhiqizweni ethile. Ukwengeza, izinto ezithile ezibalulekile ezifana nemishini yezokwelapha nemithi zingase zithole ukukhululwa noma zibe namazinga entela aphansi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufinyeleleka nokufinyeleleka kalula ezweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Tajikistan ikhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe futhi ifuna ukuheha izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ngokunikeza izikhuthazo ezifana namaholide entela noma intela encishisiwe yokungenisa emishinini namathuluzi asetshenziselwa izinjongo zokukhiqiza. Lezi zinyathelo zihlose ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho kanye nokuhlukahlukana ezweni. Sekukonke, inqubomgomo yentela yokungenisa yaseTajikistan ihlose ukulingana phakathi kokukhiqiza imali ngentela kuyilapho futhi isekela izimboni zasekhaya kanye nokukhuthaza ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana bamazwe ngamazwe.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
Inqubomgomo yentela yokuthekelisa yaseTajikistan ihlose ukukhuthaza ukuhlukahluka kwezomnotho kanye nokweseka izimboni zasekhaya. Uhulumeni wase-Tajikistan ubeka izilinganiso zentela ezihlukene ezimpahleni ezihlukahlukene ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, nakuba uhlelo lwentela yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe lulonke lulula. Ngokuvamile, i-Tajikistan ibeka intela encane noma enguziro yokuthekelisa ezintweni ezingavuthiwe kanye nemikhiqizo eseqediwe ukukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe. Lesi sinyathelo sihlose ukuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe ekucubunguleni lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo zibe yimikhiqizo ephezulu ye-value-added ngaphakathi kwezwe. Nokho, ezimpahleni ezithile ezinjengokotini, i-aluminium, negolide—imikhakha eyinhloko yomnotho waseTajikistan—uhulumeni ukhokhisa izintela ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe njengendlela yokwenza imali nokuvikela izimakethe zasekhaya. Lezi zintela zokuthekelisa zivame ukususelwa kumthamo noma esisindweni sezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle futhi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezimo zemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe noma izivumelwano ezithile nabalingani bokuhweba. Isibonelo, njengoba ukotini ungenye yezinto ezibalulekile zezolimo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-Tajikistan, ibhekene nesistimu ye-quota yangaphakathi elawula amazinga okukhiqiza kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Kunamazinga entela ahlukene abekwayo ancike ekutheni ifayibha kakotini iyathunyelwa yini kwamanye amazwe noma isetshenziswa ngaphakathi ekukhiqizeni izindwangu. Ngokufanayo, ngenxa yomkhakha wayo obalulekile we-aluminium, i-Tajikistan isebenzisa amanani entengo ahlukahlukene ekuthengisweni kwe-aluminium. Lezi zilinganiso zingase zibe ngaphansi koshintsho ekuphenduleni izici ezifana nezintengo zemakethe yomhlaba wonke noma izivumelwano zamazwe amabili nabalingani abakhulu bokuhweba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Tajikistan isebenzise izinyathelo ezihloselwe ukuvuselela ubudlelwano bezohwebo namazwe angomakhelwane ngokusebenzisa imibuso yokuhweba ekhethwayo kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlanganisa izifunda ezifana ne-Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Lezi zinhlelo zihlinzeka amalungu ngezintela ezincishisiwe noma ukukhululwa ezimpahleni ezithile ezihwebelana ngaphakathi kwale nhlangano yezomnotho. Sekukonke, indlela ye-Tajikistan yokukhokhisa intela yokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe izungeza ukulinganisa phakathi kokweseka imikhakha ebalulekile ngokusebenzisa amandla okungenzeka ukuthi ikhiqize imali kuyilapho ikhuthaza ukuhlukahluka komnotho ngokusebenzisa izintela ezincane zezinto zokusetshenziswa ezinamathuba angeziwe ngaphakathi.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
I-Tajikistan, izwe elivalekile elise-Asia Emaphakathi, inezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokunikeza izitifiketi zokuthumela ngaphandle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuhambisana nokuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe. Lezi zitifiketi zibalulekile ukuze i-Tajikistan ikhulise izimakethe zayo emhlabeni wonke futhi yakhe idumela elihle njengozakwethu othembekile wokuhweba. Esinye sezitifiketi ezibalulekile zokuthumela eTajikistan Isitifiketi Somsuka. Lo mbhalo uqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zisuka e-Tajikistan ziyakhiqizwa, zikhiqizwa futhi zicutshungulwe ngaphakathi kwemingcele yezwe. Ihlinzeka ngobufakazi bemvelaphi yemikhiqizo futhi ibenza ifanelekele izivumelwano zokuhweba ezikhethwayo noma ukuncishiswa kwentela nezinye izizwe. Ukwengeza, imikhiqizo ethile idinga izitifiketi ezikhethekile zokuthekelisa ngaphambi kokuthi ithengiswe emazweni ngamazwe. Isibonelo, izinto zezolimo ezifana nekotini noma izithelo ezomisiwe zingadinga izitifiketi ze-phytosanitary. Le mibhalo iqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zimpahla zihambisana nemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe ehlobene namazinga ezempilo nokuphepha kwezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimboni ezifana nokucubungula ukudla noma ukukhiqiza izindwangu zingadinga ukuhlolwa kokuvumelana njengesitifiketi se-ISO. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi le mikhiqizo ihlangabezana namazinga athile esistimu yokuphatha ikhwalithi eyaziwa emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amazwe anamazinga awo adinga ukuhlangatshezwana nawo ngaphambi kokuvumela ukuthengwa kwempahla evela eTajikistan. Ukuhambisana nalezi zidingo kubalulekile ukuze ufinyelele lezi zimakethe ngempumelelo. Izibonelo zifaka ukumakwa kwe-CE kwe-European Union (okubonisa ukuhambisana komkhiqizo ngokwemithetho ye-EU) noma ukugunyazwa kwe-FDA (okudingwa yi-United States Food and Drug Administration). Sekukonke, i-Tajikistan iyakubona ukubaluleka kwezitifiketi zokuthekelisa hhayi kuphela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi kodwa futhi nokwandisa ukufinyelela kwayo kumanethiwekhi ohwebo omhlaba. Ngokunamathela ezindinganisweni zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuthola izitifiketi ezifanele zokuthekelisa eziqondene nezimboni ezahlukene, abathumeli bempahla base-Tajikistani bangakwazi ukusebenzisa lezi ziqinisekiso njengenzuzo yokuncintisana kuyilapho befinyelela izimakethe ezintsha emhlabeni wonke.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Tajikistan iyizwe elivaliwe elise-Asia Emaphakathi, labelana ngemingcele ne-Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, kanye neChina. Naphezu kwezindawo zayo eziyinselelo kanye nengqalasizinda elinganiselwe, i-Tajikistan yenze inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umkhakha wayo wezokuthutha eminyakeni yamuva. Uma kuziwa kwezokuthutha, amanethiwekhi emigwaqo ayindlela eyinhloko yokuthutha impahla ngaphakathi kwezwe. Imigwaqo emikhulu exhumanisa iDushanbe (inhloko-dolobha) nezinye izifunda yenza kube lula ukuhamba kwezimpahla. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izimo zomgwaqo zingahlukahluka futhi eminye imizila ingase ingahambeki phakathi nezimo ezithile zezulu. Enye indlela yokuthutha impahla ngojantshi. I-Tajikistan inomzila wezitimela oxhumanisa izwe namazwe angomakhelwane njenge-Uzbekistan ne-China. Le ndlela yokuthutha ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ezimpahleni eziningi noma izinto ezisindayo. Uma ufuna izinsiza zokuhamba emoyeni eTajikistan, iDushanbe International Airport isebenza njengehabhu enkulu. Inikeza kokubili izindiza zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu uma udinga izinketho zokulethwa ezisebenza kahle nezizwela isikhathi. Ngezinketho zokuthutha olwandle, uma kubhekwa imvelo ye-Tajikistan evalekile ngaphandle kokufinyelela okuqondile kunoma yiziphi izizinda zamanzi ezinkulu, izimpahla ngokuvamile zithuthwa ziye ezikhumulweni eziseduze njenge-Bandar Abbas e-Iran noma i-Alat e-Azerbaijan ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa phesheya kwezilwandle. Ngokwezinqubo nemithethonqubo yamasiko okungenisa nokuthekelisa ngaphakathi/kusuka e-Tajikistan, kuyancomeka ukusebenzisana eduze nabahlinzeki bezokuthutha abanolwazi abakwazi ukuzulazula ezinqubweni zehhovisi ngokushelela. Laba basebenzi bangaqinisekisa ukuthobelana nezidingo zomthetho kuyilapho benciphisa ukubambezeleka lapho bewela imingcele noma ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinkampani ezimbalwa ezithembekile ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwe-Tajikistan ezihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinsizakalo ezihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa impahla ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene ezifana nemikhiqizo yezolimo (isb., ukotini), izinto zokwakha (isb., usimende), imithi (isb., imithi), kanye izindwangu. Sekukonke, nakuba imisebenzi yezokuthutha ingase ingathuthukisiwe uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izizwe ngenxa yemikhawulo yendawo, amanethiwekhi emigwaqo yase-Tajikistan, uxhumano lwesitimela, izinketho zokuhamba emoyeni, nokuba khona kwabahlinzeki bezokuthutha abanolwazi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthutha impahla ngendlela efanele ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemingcele yayo. .
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

I-Tajikistan, ese-Asia Ephakathi, ineziteshi ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe nemibukiso ehlangabezana nezidingo zezimboni ezihlukahlukene. Lezi zinkundla zenza izwe lixhumane nabathengi bomhlaba wonke futhi libonise imikhiqizo namasevisi alo. Nazi ezinye iziteshi ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe nemibukiso e-Tajikistan: 1. Isikhumulo Sezindiza Samazwe Ngamazwe Sase-Dushanbe: Njengesango elikhulu lomoya eliya e-Tajikistan, Isikhumulo Sezindiza Samazwe Ngamazwe Sase-Dushanbe sisebenza njengesizinda esibalulekile sezivakashi zakwamanye amazwe, okuhlanganisa nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna amathuba ebhizinisi ezweni. 2. Imibukiso Yezohwebo Nemibukiso: I-Tajikistan ibamba iqhaza emibukisweni ehlukahlukene yezohwebo kanye nemibukiso kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Imicimbi ephawulekayo ihlanganisa: - I-China-Eurasia Expo: Lo mbukiso oba minyaka yonke e-Urumqi, e-China, ugxile ekukhuthazeni ukubambisana kwezomnotho phakathi kwe-China namazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi, ukuheha abathengi abaningi bomhlaba. - Umbukiso Wamazwe Ngamazwe we-Dushanbe: Uhlelwe yi-Chamber of Commerce & Industry of Tajikistan (CCI), lo mbukiso ubonisa inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo yezimboni evela kubakhiqizi basekhaya. - I-Mining World Tajikistan: Lo mcimbi waminyaka yonke uhlanganisa ochwepheshe bezimayini bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezingcweti ezinentshisekelo yokuhlola amathuba ebhizinisi ngaphakathi komkhakha wezimayini wase-Tajikistan. 3. Izinkundla Zebhizinisi: Izinkundla zebhizinisi zihlinzeka ngenkundla yokuxhumana nabangase babe ozakwethu noma amaklayenti avela emhlabeni wonke kuyilapho futhi enikeza imininingwane mayelana nezimakethe zemakethe. Ezinye izinkundla ezivelele zihlanganisa: - IForamu Yokutshalwa Kwezimali "Dushanbe-1": Umcimbi obuhlelwe yi-CCI okuhloswe ngawo ukuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe abanentshisekelo kumaphrojekthi wokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda kuyo yonke imikhakha efana nezamandla, ezokuthutha, ezokuvakasha njll. - I-Cotton Fair "Yenziwe E-Tadzhikiston": Umbukiso onikezelwe ekukhiqizweni kukakotini uhlanganisa ndawonye ochwepheshe bemboni abavela emazweni ahlukene abafuna ukubambisana nabakhiqizi bendawo kakotini. 4. I-Online B2B Platform: Ngokukhula kokwenziwa kwedijithali emhlabeni jikelele, izinkundla ze-inthanethi ze-B2B sezibaluleke kakhulu kumabhizinisi afuna iziteshi zokuthenga kwamanye amazwe. Izinkampani ezisuselwe e-Tajikistan zingasebenzisa lezi nkundla ukuze zifinyelele abathengi abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba, njenge-Alibaba, Global Sources, kanye ne-TradeKey. 5. I-International Chambers of Commerce: I-Tajikistan inamagumbi amaningana ezohwebo emhlabeni jikelele asiza ukuxhumana namabhizinisi angaphandle futhi anikeze ulwazi lwemakethe olubalulekile. Izibonelo zifaka: - I-European Business Association in Tajikistan (EUROBA): Isiza ukusungula ukuxhumana namafemu ase-Europe asebenza e-Tajikistan. - I-American Chamber of Commerce in Tajikistan (AmCham): Isekela imisebenzi yokuhweba phakathi kwezinkampani zaseMelika kanye nemakethe yendawo. Sengiphetha, i-Tajikistan inikezela ngohlu lweziteshi ezibalulekile zokuthengwa kwempahla zamazwe ngamazwe njengemibukiso yezohwebo evelele nemibukiso, izinkundla zamabhizinisi, izinkundla ze-inthanethi ze-B2B, kanye namagumbi okuhweba ngamazwe ngamazwe. Lezi zinkundla zisebenzela ukuxhumanisa abathengi bomhlaba wonke namabhizinisi azinze e-Tajikistan futhi zikhuthaze ukubambisana kwezomnotho phakathi kwezwe nomhlaba kabanzi.
E-Tajikistan, izinjini zokusesha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi: 1. I-Yandex - I-Yandex iyinjini yokusesha edumile e-Tajikistan. Inikeza imiphumela yosesho yewebhu ebanzi futhi ihlinzeka ngezinye izinsiza ezifana namamephu, izindaba, ne-imeyili. Iwebhusayithi yeYandex ithi www.yandex.com. 2. I-Google - I-Google isetshenziswa kakhulu njengenjini yokusesha emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise ne-Tajikistan. Ihlinzeka ngemiphumela yosesho enembile nefanele kanye nezici ezihlukahlukene njengezithombe, izindaba, amavidiyo, njll. Iwebhusayithi ye-Google ithi www.google.com. 3. Yahoo! - Yahoo! isebenza njengenjini yokusesha futhi inikezela ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene njenge-imeyili, ukuqoqwa kwezindaba, izibuyekezo zesimo sezulu emazweni amaningi afaka i-Tajikistan. Iwebhusayithi ye-Yahoo! i www.yahoo.com. 4. I-Bing - I-Bing enye injini yokusesha ethandwayo esetshenziswa e-Tajikistan eletha imiphumela ephelele yewebhu futhi enezici ezifana nokusesha izithombe nezinketho zokuhumusha. Iwebhusayithi ye-Bing ithi www.bing.com. 5. I-Sputnik - Injini Yokusesha i-Sputnik ibhekelela ngokukhethekile izethameli ezikhuluma isi-Russian ezifundeni zase-Asia Emaphakathi njenge-Tajikistan ngokunikeza okuqukethwe okwasendaweni okuvela emithonjeni yolimi lwesi-Russian ku-inthanethi yonkana. Iwebhusayithi yeSputnik Search Engine ithi sputnik.tj/search/. 6. I-Avesta.tj - I-Avesta.tj ayisebenzi nje kuphela njengenjini yokusesha kodwa futhi njengengosi eku-inthanethi enikeza izindaba zesifunda nama-athikili ngazo zombili izilimi zesi-Russian nesi-Tajiki eziqondiswe ikakhulukazi izethameli ezizinze esifundeni sase-Tajikistan nase-Asia Emaphakathi ngobubanzi. Iwebhusayithi yomsebenzi wokusesha we-Avesta.tj ingatholakala kokuthi avesta.tj/en/portal/search/. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi nakuba lezi ezinye izinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa e-Tajikistan; ukuduma kungase kwehluke kubantu ngabanye kuye ngokuncamelayo noma izidingo ezithile uma kuziwa ekusesheni i-inthanethi ezweni lase-Tajikistan.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

I-Tajikistan, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhulikhi yaseTajikistan, iyizwe elivaliwe elise-Asia Emaphakathi. Nawa amanye amakhasi aphuzi ayinhloko e-Tajikistan kanye namawebhusayithi awo afanele: 1. I-Dunyo Yellow Pages: I-Dunyo Yellow Pages ingenye yezinkomba zebhizinisi ezihamba phambili e-Tajikistan. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi mayelana nezimboni namabhizinisi ahlukahlukene asebenza ezweni. Isizindalwazi sabo sithi https://dunyo.tj/en/. 2. I-Tilda Yellow Pages: I-Tilda Yellow Pages inikezela ngohlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi kuyo yonke imikhakha ehlukene e-Tajikistan, okuhlanganisa amahhotela, izindawo zokudlela, izinsiza zezokuthutha, nokuningi. Ungavakashela iwebhusayithi yabo kokuthi http://www.tildayellowpages.com/. 3. Vula i-Asia: I-Open Asia iwuhlu lwemibhalo eku-inthanethi oluxhumanisa amabhizinisi namakhasimende e-Tajikistan. Kuhlanganisa izigaba ezifana nezinsizakalo zezokwelapha, izikhungo zemfundo, izinkampani zokwakha, nezinye eziningi. Iwebhusayithi yabo ithi https://taj.openasia.org/en/. 4. I-Adresok: I-Adresok isebenza njengenkundla ye-inthanethi yezinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhizinisi asebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele ye-Tajikistan. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe izindawo ngokusekelwe kumibandela ethile njengendawo noma uhlobo lomkhakha. Iwebhusayithi ingafinyelelwa ku-http://adresok.com/tj. 5.TAJINFO Business Directory: TAJINFO Business Directory inikeza uhlu olunzulu lwezinkampani ezisebenza emikhakheni ehlukene emnothweni waseTajikistan njengezolimo, ezokukhiqiza, izinsiza zokudayisa, njll.Ungangena kuwebhusayithi yabo kokuthi http://www.tajinfo.com/business -uhlu lwemibhalo. Lezi zinkomba zamakhasi aphuzi kufanele zikunikeze ingcebo yolwazi mayelana namabhizinisi nezinhlangano ezizinze e-Tajikistan.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

I-Tajikistan, izwe lase-Asia Ephakathi, ibone ukuthuthukiswa kwamapulatifomu e-e-commerce ahlukahlukene eminyakeni yamuva. Nawa amanye amapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce eTajikistan kanye namakheli abo ewebhusayithi: 1. I-EF Market (www.ef-market.tj): I-EF Market ingenye yezimakethe ezihamba phambili ku-inthanethi e-Tajikistan. Ihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa izinto zikagesi, imfashini, izinto zasendlini, negilosa. 2. I-ZetStore (www.zetstore.tj): I-ZetStore enye inkundla yokuthenga ye-inthanethi edumile e-Tajikistan. Inikeza ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene kwemikhiqizo efana nezingubo, izesekeli, imikhiqizo yobuhle, nezinto zasendlini. 3. I-Chaos D (www.chaosd.tj): I-Chaos D iyinkundla ye-inthanethi egxile ekuthengiseni izinto zikagesi namagajethi. Inikezela ngezinto ezahlukahlukene zikagesi ezifana nama-smartphones, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, okokusebenza kwegeyimu, nokunye. 4. I-Moda24 (www.moda24.tj): I-Moda24 iyindawo yemakethe yemfashini eku-inthanethi ephakela abantu abafuna izingubo zemfashini e-Tajikistan. Abasebenzisi bangaphequlula uhla lwezigaba ezihlanganisa izingubo zabesilisa nabesifazane kanye nezinsiza. 5. I-Ашанобода (www.asanoboda.com): I-Ашанобода iyinkundla ye-e-commerce egxile emikhiqizweni yezolimo kanye nezinto ezibalulekile zokulima njengembewu yezitshalo noma amathuluzi okulima. 6. I-PchelkaPro.kg/ru/tg/shop/4: I-Pchelka Pro iyisitolo se-inthanethi esithengisa ngokuyinhloko ifenisha nempahla yasendlini ngamanani athengekayo kumakhasimende atholakala ngaphakathi kwe-Tajikistan. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi ezinye nje zezibonelo zamapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce asebenza e-Tajikistan; kungase kube nezinye izinkundla zesifunda noma eziqondene ne-niche ezitholakalayo ezihlinzeka ngezidingo ezithile noma izindawo zezwe ngaphakathi kwezwe.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

I-Tajikistan, izwe elivalekile elise-Asia Emaphakathi, inendawo yayo ehlukile yenkundla yezokuxhumana. Nazi ezinye izinkundla zokuxhumana ezidumile eTajikistan kanye namawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Facenama (www.facenama.com): I-Facenama ingosi yokuxhumana nabantu ethandwayo e-Tajikistan evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze amaphrofayili, baxhumane nabangane namalungu omndeni, futhi babelane ngezibuyekezo, izithombe, namavidiyo. 2. I-VKontakte (vk.com): I-VKontakte ilingana nesiRashiya ne-Facebook futhi inesizinda somsebenzisi esibalulekile e-Tajikistan. Inikeza ububanzi bezici ezifana nokuxhumana nabangane, ukujoyina imiphakathi noma amaqembu, amandla okuthumela imiyalezo, nokwabelana ngokuqukethwe kwe-multimedia. 3. I-Telegram (telegram.org): I-Telegram uhlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo esheshayo olusetshenziswa kabanzi e-Tajikistan kokubili ukuxhumana komuntu siqu nokujoyina amaqembu omphakathi noma amashaneli. Abasebenzisi bangathumela imilayezo, izithombe, amavidiyo, amadokhumenti ngokuphephile kuyilapho benezinketho zokwenza izingxoxo eziyimfihlo noma izingxoxo zeqembu. 4. I-Odnoklassniki (ok.ru): I-Odnoklassniki iyinethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu eseRussia evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "KULUNGILE" futhi isadumile nakumaTajik. Inkundla igxile ngokuyinhloko ekuxhumeni kabusha ofunda nabo abavela ezikhungweni zemfundo ezihlukahlukene kodwa futhi inikeza izici ezijwayelekile ezifana nokudala iphrofayela nezinketho zemiyalezo. 5. I-Instagram (www.instagram.com): I-Instagram ijabulela ukuduma phakathi kwabantu abasha e-Tajikistan abakhetha ukwabelana ngezithombe namavidiyo amafushane ngobuciko besebenzisa izihlungi noma amagama-ncazo kule nkundla egxile ekubukeni. 6. I-Facebook (www.facebook.com): Nakuba ingasetshenzisiwe kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinkundla ezishiwo ekuqaleni ngenxa yemikhawulo ethile ebekwe uhulumeni ngezinye izikhathi; nokho isabalulekile phakathi kwezakhamuzi zasemadolobheni ezifisa ukuxhunywa ezingeni lamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokufinyelela ezindabeni zomhlaba wonke nezibuyekezo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuduma kwalezi zinkundla kungase kwehluke kuye ngokuthi isifunda esingaphakathi kwezwe noma okuthandwa abantu ngabanye abahlala lapho.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

I-Tajikistan iyizwe elise-Asia Emaphakathi futhi yaziwa ngomnotho walo ohlukahlukene. Ezinye zezimboni ezinkulu nezinhlangano zochwepheshe eTajikistan yilezi: 1. I-Tajikistan Chamber of Commerce and Industry (ТСПП) - Igumbi likhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, ukuhweba, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali e-Tajikistan. Ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokusekela amabhizinisi, ihlele imibukiso yezohwebo, futhi imele izintshisekelo zamabhizinisi ezithangamini zamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi http://www.tpp.tj/eng/ 2. I-Union of Entrepreneurs and Industrialists of Tajikistan (СПпТ) - Le nhlangano imele izintshisekelo zosomabhizinisi nosozimboni e-Tajikistan. Ihlinzeka ngamathuba okuxhumana, isekela ukukhula kwebhizinisi, ikhulumela izimo zebhizinisi ezivumayo, futhi yenza kube lula ukuxhumana nama-ejensi kahulumeni. Iwebhusayithi: okwamanje ayitholakali. 3. I-Association of Constructors (ASR) - I-ASR ihlanganisa izinkampani zokwakha e-Tajikistan ukuze zikhuthaze ukubambisana, ukwabelana ngolwazi, nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni. Ihlela izingqungquthela, amasemina, imibukiso yokukhombisa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wezokwakha kuyilapho iphakamisa izindinganiso zochwepheshe. Iwebhusayithi: okwamanje ayitholakali. 4.National Association Food Industry Enterprises (НА ПИУ РТ) - Le nhlangano imele amabhizinisi embonini yokudla okuhlanganisa abakhiqizi/abakhiqizi kanye nabathengisi bezitolo/abathengisi e-Tajikistan. Iwebhusayithi: okwamanje ayitholakali. 5.I-Union of Light Industry Enterprises (СО легкой промышленности Таджикистана)- Le nyunyana imele amabhizinisi emboni elula afana nabakhiqizi bendwangu nezingubo/abakhiqizi bezingubo njll. Iwebhusayithi: okwamanje ayitholakali. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba lezi zinhlangano zimele imikhakha ebalulekile emnothweni wezwe; nokho ngenxa yobukhona obulinganiselwe be-inthanethi noma ulwazi lokufinyeleleka lolimi lwesiNgisi mayelana nokuhlangana okuthile kungase kube nzima ukukuthola ku-inthanethi.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

I-Tajikistan iyizwe elise-Asia Emaphakathi, elaziwa ngamagugu alo acebile amasiko kanye nemithombo yemvelo eminingi. Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi ezomnotho nezohwebo ahlobene neTajikistan: 1. Umnyango Wokuthuthukiswa Komnotho Nohwebo (http://www.medt.tj/en/) - Le webhusayithi inikeza ulwazi ngezinqubomgomo zezomnotho, izinhlelo, kanye namaphrojekthi okuthuthukiswa e-Tajikistan. Iphinde inikeze ukufinyelela kudatha yezohwebo, amathuba okutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nemithethonqubo yokuthumela ngaphandle. 2. I-Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Tajikistan (https://cci.tj/en/) - Iwebhusayithi yegumbi inikeza izinsizakalo zosekelo lwebhizinisi ezihlanganisa ucwaningo lwemakethe, imibukiso yezohwebo, imisebenzi yokufanisa ibhizinisi, kanye nokufinyelela kunkhombandlela yebhizinisi. Ihlose ukukhuthaza amabhizinisi endawo kanye nokuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe. 3. IKomidi Lombuso Lokutshalwa Kwezimali Nokuphathwa Kwempahla Yesifunda (http://gki.tj/zu) - Le webhusayithi kahulumeni igxile emathubeni okutshala imali e-Tajikistan. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi ngemikhakha ekhangayo yokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nemithetho/imithethonqubo efanele kubatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe. 4. I-Ejensi Yokukhuthaza Ukuthunyelwa Kwempahla Engaphandle ngaphansi Komnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho Nohwebo (https://epa-medt.tj/en/) - Iwebhusayithi yale nhlangano ihlose ukukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe okuvela e-Tajikistan ngokunikeza usizo kubakhiqizi/abakhiqizi/abathekelisa basendaweni ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene njengokuhlaziywa kwezimakethe, izinhlelo zokuqeqesha, imicimbi yokukhuthaza ukuthekelisa nokunye. 5. IBhange Likazwelonke lase-Tajikistan (http://www.nbt.tj/?l=en&p=en) - Iwebhusayithi yebhange elikhulu inikeza idatha yezezimali/yomnotho mayelana namazinga okushintshaniswa kwemali yase-Tajikistani kanye nezinqubomgomo zezimali ezisetshenziswa yibhange. 6. Tshala Imali Esifundeni Sase-Khatlon (http://investinkhatlon.com) - Le webhusayithi inikezelwe ngokukhethekile ukuheha abatshalizimali esifundeni sase-Khatlon e-Tajikistan ngokunikeza imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nemikhakha evulekele ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nezinsiza zengqalasizinda ezikhona. 7.TajInvest Business Portal(http://tajinvest.com)-Le nkundla isiza abatshalizimali bamazwe ngamazwe bathole amathuba okutshala imali e-Tajikistan. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi ngamaphrojekthi angaba khona, izimfuneko zomthetho, kanye nezinzuzo zokutshala izimali. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi amawebhusayithi ashiwo ngenhla angase ashintshe, futhi kuyatuseka ukuthi uqinisekise isimo sawo sakamuva nokuqukethwe ngaphambi kokuwasebenzisa kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi noma izinjongo zohwebo ezihlanganisa i-Tajikistan.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi emibuzo yedatha yokuhweba e-Tajikistan: 1. Iphothali Yolwazi Lohwebo yase-Tajikistan: Lena iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yoMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho Nohwebo wase-Tajikistan. Ihlinzeka ngezibalo zohwebo eziphelele, okuhlanganisa ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kanye nebhalansi yohwebo. Isizindalwazi singatholakala ku-: http://stat.komidei.tj/?cid=2 2. I-World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS): I-WITS iyinkundla ehlinzekwa yiBhange Lomhlaba ehlinzeka ngemininingwane yohwebo enemininingwane yamazwe omhlaba. Ungafinyelela idatha yokuhweba yaseTajikistan ngokusebenzisa imininingwane yabo egciniwe. Isixhumanisi sesizindalwazi sithi: https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/TJK 3. Imephu Yokuhweba Yesikhungo Sokuhweba Samazwe Ngamazwe (ITC): I-ITC Trademap inikeza ukufinyelela ezibalweni zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezimakethe, okuhlanganisa ulwazi ngabathekelisi, abathekelisa ngaphandle, imikhiqizo edayiswayo, nokunye. Ungathola idatha yohwebo ye-Tajikistan kuwebhusayithi yabo kokuthi: https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProductCountry_TS.aspx?nvpm=1|||||010|||6|1|1|2|1|1#010 4. Isizindalwazi se-United Nations Comtrade: Isizindalwazi se-UN Comtrade sigcina imininingwane enemininingwane yohwebo lwezibalo zamazwe ngamazwe ezivela emazweni angaphezu kwama-200 noma izindawo emhlabeni jikelele, kuhlanganise ne-Tajikistan. Ungasesha imikhiqizo ethile noma ubuke amaphethini okuhweba esewonke usebenzisa lesi sixhumanisi: https://comtrade.un.org/data/ Lawa mawebhusayithi ahlinzeka ngemithombo ethembekile yokufinyelela idatha yezohwebo ehlobene nokungeniswa ngaphandle, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle, amanani entengo, nolunye ulwazi oluhlobene lomnotho wase-Tajikistan.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

I-Tajikistan iyizwe elivalekile e-Asia Emaphakathi elinomnotho othuthukayo. Nakuba indawo yenkundla ye-B2B ingase ingabi banzi njengamanye amazwe, kusenezinkundla ezimbalwa ezitholakalayo zamabhizinisi ase-Tajikistan ukuthi axhume futhi ahlanganyele. Nazi ezinye izinkundla ze-B2B ezisebenza e-Tajikistan: 1. I-Tajikistan Trade Portal (ttp.tj) - Le sizindalwazi esisemthethweni sihlinzeka ngolwazi ngemisebenzi ehlobene nohwebo, amathuba okuthekelisa, kanye namathuba okutshala imali e-Tajikistan. 2. SMARTtillCashMonitoring.com - Le nkundla isiza amabhizinisi ukuphatha imali yawo ngendlela efanele ngokusebenzisa izixazululo zokuphatha imali ezihlakaniphile. Inikeza amathuluzi okuthuthukisa, izinhlelo zokulawula i-inventory, nezici zokubikezela ukuthengisa. 3. I-Global Sources (globalsources.com) - Nakuba ingaqondile e-Tajikistan, i-Global Sources iyinkundla eyaziwayo yamazwe ngamazwe ye-B2B exhuma abathengi nabahlinzeki abavela emhlabeni wonke. Amabhizinisi ase-Tajikistan angahlola le nkundla ukuze axhumane nabangase babe abalingani bokuhweba emhlabeni jikelele. 4. I-Alibaba.com - Ngokufanayo neGlobal Sources, i-Alibaba.com iyindawo yemakethe ehamba phambili eku-inthanethi exhuma abathengi nabathengisi emhlabeni wonke. Ivumela amabhizinisi e-Tajikistan ukuthi athole imikhiqizo noma afinyelele kumakhasimende angaba khona ngale kwemingcele kazwelonke. 5.Imakethe yethu (ourmarket.tj) – Le ndawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi yasendaweni igxile kakhulu ekuxhumaniseni amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo emakethe yasekhaya yase-Tajikistan. 6.Bonagifts (bonagifts.com) - Ilungiselela ngokukhethekile imboni yezipho ngokugxila emisebenzini yezandla yendabuko yase-Asia Emaphakathi kuhlanganise naleyo etholakala esikweni lesiTajik 7.TradeKey(Tajanktradingcompany.tradenkey.com): I-TradeKey inikeza inkundla yokuhweba eku-inthanethi yemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene okuhlanganisa izindwangu, amakhemikhali namadayi; abakhiqizi bezindwangu zikakotini njll Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukutholakala nokuduma kwalezi zinkundla kungase kuhluke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba kuvela ezintsha noma ezikhona zithuthuka.
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