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Izimakethe Eziyinhloko
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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
I-Somalia, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi yi-Federal Republic of Somalia, iyizwe elitholakala oPhondweni lwe-Afrika. Ihlanganyela nemingcele ne-Djibouti ukuya enyakatho-ntshonalanga, i-Ethiopia ngasentshonalanga kanye neKenya eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Njengoba inabantu ababalelwa ezigidini eziyi-15, inengxube yezizwe namasiko ahlukahlukene. I-Somalia inendawo enamasu emizileni ebalulekile yemikhumbi yamazwe ngamazwe, okwenza ibaluleke kwezohwebo nezohwebo. Inhloko-dolobha yiMogadishu, okubuye kube yidolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke ezweni. IsiSomali nesi-Arabhu yizilimi ezisemthethweni ezikhulunywa izakhamuzi zakhona. Ngokomlando, iSomalia yayiyisikhungo esibalulekile kwezohwebo ngenxa yokuba seduze kwe-Arabia neNdiya. Yathola inkululeko ku-Italy ngoJulayi 1, 1960, ngemva kokuhlangana neBritish Somaliland. Kodwa-ke, selokhu yathola inkululeko, iSomalia ibhekane nezinselelo eziningi okuhlanganisa ukungazinzi kwezombusazwe kanye nezingxabano ezithikameza intuthuko. Izwe labhekana nempi yombango eqala ngo-1991 ngemuva kokuketulwa kukaMengameli uSiad Barre. Ukuntuleka kokubusa okuphumelelayo kwaholela ekungabini namthetho kanye nezindaba zobugebengu ezindaweni ezisogwini lwayo iminyaka eminingi. Ukwengeza, izwe liphinde lahlushwa isomiso esibi esiholela endlala eyabhebhethekisa ukuhlupheka kwabantu. Naphezu kwalezi zinselelo, iSomalia ithathe izinyathelo eziya ekuzinzeni ngokusungula izinhlaka zikahulumeni wobumbano ezisekelwa amasosha okugcina ukuthula e-African Union, nokwenza inqubekelaphambili ekuvuseleleni umnotho. Isimo samanje sezepolitiki sisenzima kodwa kube nezimpawu zakamuva zentuthuko enhle njengokhetho lwasephalamende ekuqaleni kuka-2021. Ngokomnotho, iSomalia ithembele kakhulu kwezolimo, imfuyo, kanye nezimali ezivela kubantu baseSomalia baphesheya kwezilwandle. Izindawo zayo ezihlukene zisekela ukwalusa, ukudoba, nokulima. -izwe elimenyezelwe elitholakala ngaphakathi kweSomalia, kodwa elingaqashelwanga emhlabeni jikelele, lijabulela ukuzinza okulinganiselwe nezikhungo ezithuthuke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezifunda eziseningizimu, lifuna ukuzimela okukhulu noma ukuzimela kuhulumeni omkhulu waseSomalia. Sengiphetha, iSomalia iyizwe elisoPhondweni lwe-Afrika elinomlando oyinkimbinkimbi kanye nemvelo yamanje eyinselele. Naphezu kokungaqini kahle kwezombusazwe kanye nobunzima obuhlukahlukene, imizamo yokuletha uzinzo kanye nokusimama komnotho isaqhubeka.
Imali Yezwe
I-Somalia, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi yi-Federal Republic of Somalia, iyizwe elitholakala oPhondweni lwe-Afrika. Isimo semali yaseSomalia singachazwa njengesixakaxaka ngenxa yokuntuleka kozinzo kanye nokubusa okumaphakathi phakathi neminyaka edlule. Imali esemthethweni yaseSomalia Isheleni laseSomalia (SOS). Kodwa-ke, selokhu kwawa uhulumeni omkhulu ngo-1991, izifunda ezahlukene kanye nezifunda ezizishoyo ngaphakathi kweSomalia sezikhiphe ezazo zemali. Lokhu kufaka i-Somaliland Shilling (SLS) yesifunda sase-Somaliland kanye ne-Puntland Shilling (PLS) yesifunda sase-Puntland. UShilling waseSomalia uphinde uhlukaniswe waba amayunithi amancane abizwa ngamasenti noma amasenti. Nokho, ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla emali nokuntengantenga komnotho, amahlelo amancane awasasetshenziswa. Ama-banknote ajwayelekile ajikelezayo yi-1,000, 5,000, 10,000, 20,000. Izinhlamvu zemali azisetshenziswa kakhulu noma zenziwa eSomalia. Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo zemali ezisemthethweni ezikhishwe imigwamanda ebusayo ezifundeni ezithile e-Somalia, zikhona ezinye izinhlobo zokuhwebelana ezaziwayo endaweni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amaqabunga eqat asetshenziswa njengemali kwezinye izingxenye lapho lesi sitshalo silinywa kakhulu; Amadola ase-US amukelwa ngokuthengiselana okukhulu; izinsiza zemali zeselula ezifana ne-Hormuud enikeza ukuthengiselana kwezezimali ngomakhalekhukhwini. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi naphezu kwemizamo eyenziwe yokusimamisa isimo semali yaseSomalia ngokwethula amanothi amasha kanye nokusungula iziphathimandla zezimali ezimaphakathi njengeBhange Elikhulu LaseSomalia (CBS), izinselelo ezihlobene nokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe kanye nezingxabano eziqhubekayo zivimbe inqubekelaphambili ekwakheni uhlobo lwemali lwezwe olubumbene. uhlelo. Kafushane, isimo sohlobo lwemali yaseSomalia singabonakala ngokuhlukana kwezinhlobo zemali zesifunda eziningi ezikhona ngokuhambisana enye kwenye. Usheleni waseSomalia usewuhlobo lwemali kazwelonke olusemthethweni kodwa ubhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kokulawula kukahulumeni kanye nobunzima obuqhubekayo bezenhlalo nezomnotho eziye zaholela kwezinye izindlela zokuhwebelana zathola ukuduma ezingxenyeni ezithile zomphakathi.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Ithenda esemthethweni yaseSomalia usheleni waseSomalia. Amazinga okushintshaniswa kwesheleni laseSomalia ezimalini ezinkulu zomhlaba angaphansi kokuguquguquka futhi angase ahluke. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngoSepthemba 2021, cishe amanani okushintshanisa ami kanje: I-US Dollar (USD) = 5780 Usheleni waseSomalia (SOS) I-Euro engu-1 (EUR) = 6780 Amasheli aseSomalia (SOS) I-British Pound (GBP) = 7925 Usheleni waseSomalia (SOS) Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zilinganiso zokushintshisana zingashintsha ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene njengezimo zezomnotho, isidingo semakethe, nemicimbi yezwe.
Amaholide Abalulekile
I-Somalia, izwe elise-Horn of Africa, igubha amaholide amaningana abalulekile unyaka wonke. Le mikhosi iyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko laseSomalia futhi ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu bakhona. Elinye iholide lezwe elivelele eSomalia uSuku Lokuzimela, olugujwa ngo-July 1 unyaka ngamunye. Lolu suku luphawula ukuzimela kwe-Somalia kubukoloni base-Italy ngo-1960. Le mikhosi ihlanganisa imidanso ehlanganisa imidanso yesintu, amaculo omculo, kanye nokubukiswa okunamandla kwamafulegi aseSomalia ezweni lonke. Omunye umkhosi obalulekile yi-Eid al-Fitr, egujwa ekupheleni kweRamadan. Lo mkhosi ugubha ukugqashuka kwesikhathi sokuzila ukudla okuyinyanga yonke ngemikhuleko namadili ahlanganisa imindeni nemiphakathi. Ngesikhathi se-Eid al-Fitr, abantu baseSomalia bazibandakanya ezenzweni zokupha ngokupha izipho kulabo abampofu. Usuku Lukazwelonke lwaseSomalia ngomhla zingama-21 kuMfumfu lubungaza ukuhlangana phakathi kweBritish Somaliland (manje eyiSomaliland) kanye neSomalia yase-Italy (manje eyiSomalia) ukwakha izwe elilodwa elibumbene ngalolu suku ngo-1969. Njengengxenye yalo mgubho, imicimbi yamasiko iyenzeka ikhombisa ubuciko bendabuko njengokuxoxa indaba , izinkondlo, amakhonsathi, nemijaho yamakamela. Ukwengeza, i-Ashura inokubaluleka kwezenkolo phakathi kwenani labantu abangamaSulumane baseSomalia. Njengoba igujwa ngosuku lweshumi lukaMuharram—inyanga ngokwekhalenda lamaSulumane—u-Ashura ukhumbula izenzakalo ezingokomlando njengokuwela kukaMose uLwandle Olubomvu noma ukufela ukholo phakathi nomlando wakudala wamaSulumane. Ngosuku lwe-Ashura abantu bazila ukudla kusukela ekuseni kuze kube sekushoneni kwelanga kuyilapho bethandaza becela intethelelo futhi bezindla ngohambo lwabo lomoya. Lawa maholide adlala indima ebalulekile emphakathini waseSomalia njengoba ehlinzeka ngamathuba okuba abantu bahlangane njengomphakathi naphezu kwezinselelo zezombusazwe futhi bagubhe umlando wabo kanye namasiko abawabelana ngawo.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
I-Somalia iyizwe elisoPhondweni lwe-Afrika, futhi isimo salo sokuhwebelana sithonywa yizinto ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa isimo salo sezokuphepha esiyinselele, ukuntuleka kwengqalasizinda, kanye nemithombo yemvelo elinganiselwe. Umnotho waseSomalia uthembele kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe ukuze uphile. Impahla eyinhloko ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ihlanganisa imfuyo (ikakhulukazi amakamela), ubhanana, izinhlanzi, inhlaka yempepho nomure. Ukuthekelisa kwemfuyo kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba iSomalia inomhlambi omkhulu wemfuyo e-Afrika. Lokhu kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuqondiswe kakhulu esifundeni saseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Mayelana nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, iSomalia ithembele kakhulu emikhiqizweni yokudla efana nelayisi, ufulawa kakolweni, ushukela, namafutha emifino ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwezolimo okunganele kwendawo okubangelwa isomiso esivamile kanye nokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe. Okunye okubalulekile okuthengisiwe kwamanye amazwe kuhlanganisa imishini nemishini ngezinjongo zokwakha. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umkhakha wezohwebo waseSomalia ubhekene nezinselelo eziningi. Izingxabano eziqhubekayo ezweni zikhawulela amandla okukhiqiza ngenkathi zivimbela ikhono lamabhizinisi lokuzibandakanya ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe. Ukugebenga ogwini lwaseSomalia nakho kuphazamise kakhulu imisebenzi yasolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabibikho kohlelo lwamabhange olusemthethweni kunomthelela ebunzimeni ekwenzeni imisebenzi yamazwe ngamazwe futhi kukhawulele ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe ngaphakathi kwezwe. Izimali ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ezivela ezizweni zaseSomalia zifaka isandla kakhulu ekusimamiseni imisebenzi yezomnotho kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zingase zingashintshi ngenxa yezizathu zezwe ezithinta amazwe abamba iqhaza lapho kuhlala khona imiphakathi ehlala kwamanye amazwe. Imizamo yenziwe yizo zombili iziphathimandla zasekhaya kanye nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ukuqinisa umkhakha wezohwebo waseSomalia ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa amakhono okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yamachweba kanye nokuthuthukisa izinqubo zentela. Ukwengeza, izinqubomgomo ezehlukene zenziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe amathuba okutshalwa kwezimali emikhakheni efana nezokuxhumana. Sengiphetha, isimo sohwebo saseSomalia sibhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu ngenxa yezingxabano zangaphakathi, ukungazinzi kwezombusazwe, nokuntuleka kwengqalasizinda. Izwe lithumela kakhulu imfuyo, ubhanana, izinhlanzi nezinhlaka eziyigugu kwamanye amazwe, kodwa lincike kakhulu ekuthengeni ukudla kwamanye amazwe. Ukuba khona kobugebengu kuphazamisa imisebenzi yasolwandle. .Naphezu kwemizamo eyenziwe, ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha we-Somalia kuba nzima. Njengoba kuthuthukiswa ukuzinza kanye nengqalasizinda edingekayo, amathuba okuhweba aseSomalia angase aqhakaze.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
I-Somalia, etholakala oPhondweni lwe-Afrika, inamandla amakhulu angakasetshenziswa ekuthuthukisweni kwezimakethe zohwebo lwangaphandle. Naphezu kokubhekana nezinselele eziqhubekayo ezifana nokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe kanye nezindaba zokuphepha, izwe liziqhayisa ngemithombo yemvelo eningi engasetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zaseSomalia ilele ogwini lwayo olude olugudla uLwandlekazi i-Indian. Lokhu kunikeza amathuba amakhulu okuthuthukisa umkhakha wasolwandle ophumelelayo, okuhlanganisa nezimboni zezokudoba kanye nezasemanzini. Ngokutshalwa kwezimali okufanele kwengqalasizinda kanye nezinhlaka zokulawula ezithuthukisiwe, iSomalia ingaba yisizinda sesifunda sokukhiqiza nokuthekelisa kwezilwane zasolwandle. Ukwengeza, iSomalia inodedangendlale womhlaba wokulima ovumela ukulinywa kwezitshalo ezihlukahlukene zemali ezinjengobhanana, izithelo ezisawolintshi, ikhofi, ukotini nesesame. Isimo sezulu esivumayo sezwe sivumela imisebenzi yokulima unyaka wonke. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yamashumi eminyaka yezingxabano kanye nokufinyelela okulinganiselwe ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe, umkhakha wezolimo usalokhu ungathuthukisiwe kakhulu. Ngokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokunisela kanye nokuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezobuchwepheshe kubalimi - okungenzeka ngokusebenzisana nezinkampani zangaphandle - iSomalia ingakhuphula umthamo wayo wezolimo ngokuphawulekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaminerali afana ne-uranium deposits atholakale ezindaweni ezithile zaseSomalia. Ukusebenzisa le mithombo yezimbiwa kuzodinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwezobuchwepheshe nezingqalasizinda zezimayini kodwa kunganikeza umfutho emalini etholwa yizwe yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kubhekwa indawo enamasu emizileni emikhulu yemikhumbi ehlanganisa iYurophu ne-Asia kanye ne-Afrika nezimakethe zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi - eyaziwa ngokuthi ihabhu lezimpahla zokuthutha ezihamba phambili - iSomalia inamandla amakhulu okuba isango elibalulekile lokuhweba phakathi kwalezi zifunda. Sengiphetha, nakuba ibhekene nezinselelo eziningi ezithiya intuthuko yohwebo lwangaphandle njengamanje - njengokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe kanye nezindaba zokuphepha - iSomalia isanamandla amakhulu angakasetshenziswa kuyo yonke imikhakha ehlukahlukene njengokudoba/nezilwane zasemanzini/ezolimo/ezimayini/ukuhanjiswa kwezimpahla ngokusebenzisa izinsiza zayo zemvelo kanye nendawo enamasu. ; ngokutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda eyanele/ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe/izinqubo zokubusa ezithuthukisiwe/umphumela ungandiswa kakhulu — ukuheha abatshalizimali abaningi bakwamanye amazwe kanye nemithombo yemali ehlukahlukene eholela ekukhuleni komnotho nokuzinza.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Ukuze uhlonze imikhiqizo edayiswa kakhulu emakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yaseSomalia, izici ezimbalwa ezidinga ukucatshangelwa. ISomalia ngokuyinhloko iwumphakathi osebenza ngezolimo, ezolimo kuwumsebenzi wayo oyinhloko wezomnotho. Ngenxa yalokho, imikhiqizo yezolimo inamandla amakhulu emakethe yohwebo lwangaphandle. Okokuqala, imfuyo nemikhiqizo yezilwane iyimpahla efunwa kakhulu emkhakheni wezokuthekelisa waseSomalia. Imfuyo yaseSomalia, okuhlanganisa amakamela, izinkomo, izimvu nezimbuzi, yaziwa ngezinga layo elihle kakhulu. Izwe linenani elikhulu lezilwane ezilungele ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yobuningi bezinsiza zokulusa. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha imfuyo nemikhiqizo ehlobene nezilwane njengezikhumba nezikhumba kungaba nenzuzo ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe. Okwesibili, uma kubhekwa isimo sezulu sesifunda kanye nogu olukhulu olugudle uLwandlekazi i-Indian, imikhiqizo yokudoba iveza amathuba anenzuzo enkulu. Izinsiza zokudoba eSomalia ziyinsada ngenxa yokuba seduze kwezindawo zokudoba ezinkulu eziningana. Ukukhipha izinhlanzi ezintsha noma ezigayiwe kungase kube umsebenzi othembisayo. Okwesithathu, imikhiqizo yezolimo njengezithelo nemifino ingakhethwa njengezinto ezithengiswa kakhulu futhi. Okunye okuthandwayo okukhethayo kuhlanganisa ubhanana (ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zikabhanana ze-Cavendish), umango (ofana ne-Kent noma i-Keitt), ama-papaya (izinhlobo ezihlukene), utamatisi (izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa utamatisi we-cherry), u-anyanisi (izinhlobo ezibomvu noma eziphuzi), phakathi kokunye. Lezi zithelo nemifino kungatshalwa kalula esimweni sezulu esishisayo saseSomalia unyaka wonke. Okokugcina, okubalulekile yimisebenzi yezandla yendabuko eyenziwe izingcweti zaseSomalia eziye zaqashelwa umhlaba wonke muva nje ngenxa yemiklamo yazo eyingqayizivele kanye nezinto eziyigugu zamasiko ezifakwe kuzo njengobhasikidi abenziwe ngamahlamvu esundu noma utshani; ama-rugs endabuko anemibala egqamile; izimpahla zesikhumba njengezikhwama noma izicathulo; izinto zobumba njll. Ngokufigqiwe, 1) Imfuyo kanye nemikhiqizo ehlobene nezilwane 2) Imikhiqizo yokudoba 3) Izithelo nemifino 4) Imisebenzi yezandla yendabuko Ngokuhlaziya le mikhakha engase ibe khona kuyilapho kubhekwe izindinganiso zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ezishiwo izimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nesu eliqinile lokumaketha, ukukhetha lezi zinto ezithengiswa kakhulu emakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yaseSomalia kungaba umzamo ophumelelayo.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
I-Somalia iyizwe elise-Horn of Africa, futhi ibonakala ngesethi eyingqayizivele yemikhuba yamakhasimende kanye nokungavumelani. Ukuqonda lokhu kungasiza amabhizinisi azulazule endaweni yamasiko lapho esebenzelana namakhasimende aseSomalia. Isici sokuqala esiphawulekayo samakhasimende aseSomalia umuzwa wabo oqinile womphakathi kanye nokuhlangana ndawonye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinqumo zivame ukwenziwa ngokuhlanganyela, ngemibono evela emndenini noma kubantu abathenjwayo. Amabhizinisi kufanele alungele ukusebenzelana nababambiqhaza abaningi futhi agcizelele ubudlelwano njengesici esibalulekile sokusebenzelana kwabo. Ukusungula ukwethembana nokuhlakulela ukuxhumana komuntu siqu kuzothuthukisa kakhulu amathuba ebhizinisi. Esinye isici esibalulekile inani eliphezulu elibekwe ekuhlonipheni nasekuhlonipheni eSomalia. Amakhasimende alindele ukuphathwa ngesithunzi, kungakhathaliseki isimo sawo senhlalo noma sezomnotho. Lokhu akusebenzi nje kuphela ekuhlanganyeleni ubuso nobuso kodwa nasekubandakanyeni ku-inthanethi, njengokusebenzelana kwenkundla yezokuxhumana noma ukuxhumana nge-imeyili. Okubalulekile, isiko laseSomalia ligcizelela kakhulu amagugu namasiko amaSulumane. Kubalulekile ukuthi amabhizinisi aqaphele imikhuba yenkolo yamaSulumane lapho ehlinzeka amakhasimende aseSomalia. Ukuzwela ngamaholide enkolo, amakhodi okugqoka, imikhawulo yokudla (njengokudla kwe-halal), izinkambiso zokuhlukaniswa kobulili, nezinye izidingo ezithile kufanele kubhekwe. Kukhona nezithiyo zamasiko okumele zihlonishwe ngenkathi wenza ibhizinisi eSomalia. I-taboo eyodwa evelele ihlanganisa ukuxoxisana ngezindaba ezibucayi njengokuhlangana komndeni noma ubuzwe ngaphandle kwemvume evela kubantu abahililekile. Ukuletha izihloko eziyimpikiswano ezihlobene nezombusazwe noma izehlakalo zokuphepha nakho kufanele kugwenywe ngaphandle kwalapho uzakwenu eqala izingxoxo ezinjalo. Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuthi amabhizinisi asebenza eSomalia ajwayelane namasu awo okumaketha ngendlela efanele. Amashaneli okumaketha avamile angase anganikezi imiphumela emihle ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenxa yokufinyelela okulinganiselwe noma amazinga okufunda nokubhala ezindaweni ezithile zezwe; ngakho-ke, izinkundla zedijithali njengezinhlelo zokusebenza zemiyalezo yeselula sezizuze ukuduma kubathengi baseSomalia. Ukusebenzelana ngempumelelo namakhasimende aseSomalia kudinga ukwakha ubudlelwano obunenjongo obusekelwe ekuhlonipheni izinkambiso zamasiko ngenkathi iletha imikhiqizo/izinsizakalo eziqondiswe ngqo kule ngxenye yemakethe.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
I-Somalia, elisogwini olusempumalanga ye-Afrika, inohlelo oluyingqayizivele lwamasiko nokufika kwabantu kwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yesimo sezepolitiki kanye nokushoda kukahulumeni omkhulu ezweni, imikhuba kanye nokuphathwa kwabokufika kweSomalia kuhlakazekile. Ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-Mogadishu Aden Adde International Airport, kukhona izikhulu zabokufika ezicubungula ama-passport nama-visa. Abahambi abangena noma abaphuma eSomalia kufanele babe nepasipoti esemthethweni esebenza okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha. Kubalulekile ukuhlola izidingo ze-visa kusenesikhathi kusuka kwinxusa laseSomalia noma inxusa ezweni lakini. Imithethonqubo yeCustoms eSomalia ingaba yinkimbinkimbi, futhi kubalulekile ukuyilandela ngokuqinile. Lapho befika, abahambi kufanele bagcwalise ifomu lesimemezelo sempahla ephumayo elisho izinto zabo kanye nezinto ezibalulekile ezilethwa ezweni. Kutuswa ukumemezela zonke izinto ngokunembile ukuze ugweme izinkinga kamuva. Kunemikhawulo ezintweni ezithile ezivunyelwe ukungena eSomalia. Isibonelo, izibhamu, izinhlamvu, izidakamizwa (ngaphandle uma kunqunywe udokotela), izincwadi zenkolo ngaphandle kwemibhalo yamaSulumane zidinga izimvume ezikhethekile ezivela kuziphathimandla ezifanele ngaphambi kokungena. Lapho besuka eSomalia ngendiza noma ngolwandle, abahambi bangase bahlolwe ngokucophelela zokuphepha yizisebenzi zezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ezengamele amazinga okuphepha esikhumulweni sezindiza. Abahambi kufanele futhi baqaphele ukuthi ubugebengu buhlala buyinkinga ngasogwini lwaseSomalia. Kuyalulekwa ukuthi ungasondeli eduze kakhulu namanzi aseSomalia ngaphandle kokugunyazwa okufanele noma ukuqondiswa yiziphathimandla zasolwandle. Kubalulekile ezivakashini ezidlula ezindaweni zokuhlola zesifunda saseSomalia ezifundazweni ezahlukene njenge-Puntland noma i-Somaliland ukuthi ziqinisekise ukuthi zinezincwadi zokuhamba ezifanele ezigunyazwe iziphathimandla zendawo kanye nezidingo zazo zepasipoti kanye ne-visa ezihlangatshezwanayo. Sengiphetha, abaphathi bezamasiko kanye nokufika kwabantu eSomalia babhekana nezinselele ngenxa yokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe.Ekufikeni/ekuhambeni ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu kumele kulandelwe imigudu ethile ehlanganisa ukudlula kubaphathi bokufika abacubungula amaphasipoti/ama-visa.Ukumemezela ulwazi olunembile ngesikhathi ugcwalisa amafomu eCustoms kuzosiza ukugwema izinkinga. Imikhawulo iyatholakala mayelana nezinto ezingavunyelwe.Amakhasimende kufanele azigcine enolwazi mayelana nemithetho yamanje.Izigameko zobugebengu zisekhona ogwini lwaseSomalia, ngakho kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ulandele imihlahlandlela efanele futhi uhlale unolwazi ngezeluleko zokuvakasha.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-Somalia, izwe elise-Horn of Africa, inendlela ekhululekile uma iqhathaniswa nentela yayo yokungenisa kanye nezinqubomgomo zentela. Uhulumeni uhlose ukukhuthaza ukuhwebelana nokukhula komnotho ngokugcina amazinga entela esezingeni elifanele. Izimpahla ezingenisiwe zingaphansi kwentela yentela lapho zifika eSomalia. Amanani entengo ayahluka kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo ongeniswayo. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kunezimpahla ezithile ezingakhokhiswa intela yokungenisa ezweni ngokuphelele. Izwe lilandela uhlelo olusekelwe kwivelu lokunquma izintela zokungenisa, lapho izikhulu zentela zihlola inani lempahla ngayinye engenisiwe ngokusekelwe enanini layo elishiwo noma inani lemakethe. Ngokuvamile, iphesenti laleli nani likhokhiswa njengentela yokungenisa. I-Somalia iphinde ibeke ezinye izintela nezinkokhelo ezihlobene nokungenisa, okuhlanganisa izindleko zokuphatha emachwebeni nasezikhumulweni zezindiza. Lezi zindleko ziyahlukahluka kuye ngobukhulu nesisindo sokuthunyelwa. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi iSomalia njengamanje isebenza ngaphansi kohlaka lukahulumeni wesikhashana olusebenza ngokuhambisana nokuphathwa kwezifunda kanye neziphathimandla zendawo. Ngenxa yalokho, izifunda ezihlukene zingase zibe nezinqubomgomo zentela ezihluka kancane eziphathelene nokungenisa. Kutuswa ukuthi amabhizinisi noma abantu abangenisa izimpahla eSomalia baxhumane neziphathimandla zendawo noma bafune iseluleko sochwepheshe mayelana namazinga entela nemithethonqubo ethile esebenza emikhiqizweni yabo. Sekukonke, iSomalia igcina indlela elinganiselayo mayelana nentela yempahla ethengiswayo kwamanye amazwe ukuze kube lula imisebenzi yokuhweba kuyilapho ingenisa imali yezinsiza zomphakathi njengokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda nezinhlelo zezenhlalakahle ezweni.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
I-Somalia, izwe elise-Horn of Africa, inohlelo lwentela oluyingqayizivele uma kuziwa ekuthengiseni impahla. Eminyakeni yakamuva, uhulumeni usesebenzise izinyathelo ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho kanye nokuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe. Mayelana nezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, iSomalia ilandela inqubomgomo yentela evumelana nezimo ecabangela izici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nohlobo lomkhiqizo kanye nezwe okuyiwa kulo. Amanani entela esigaba somkhiqizo ngamunye anqunywa uMnyango Wezezimali futhi angahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuye ngezimo zomnotho. Abathumeli bangaphandle kudingeka ukuthi bakhokhe izintela ezimpahleni zabo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngaphambi kokuba balishiye izwe. Amanani entela aqoqwa kulezi zimpahla ancike ezintweni ezifana nenani lemikhiqizo, indawo ehlosiwe, kanye nanoma yiziphi izivumelwano zohwebo ezisebenzayo noma izinhlelo namanye amazwe. I-Somalia iphinde inikeze izikhuthazo ezithile zokukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. Lezi zinzuzo zihlanganisa ukukhululwa enteleni noma ukuncishiswa kwemikhakha ethile noma izimboni ezibhekwa njengezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezwe. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yezolimo ingase ijabulele izintela eziphansi njengoba iSomalia ihlose ukukhulisa umkhakha wayo wezolimo. Kubalulekile ukuthi abathumeli bempahla eSomalia bahlale benolwazi mayelana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko kuzinqubomgomo zentela njengoba zingaba nomthelela kumasu entengo nenzuzo. Ukusebenzelana nabeluleki abangochwepheshe abangochwepheshe kwezohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kungaba yinzuzo ekuhambeni ngemithetho yentela eyinkimbinkimbi. Sengiphetha, inqubomgomo yentela yezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle yaseSomalia ibonakala ngokuguquguquka kanye nokusabela ezimeni zomnotho. Ngokuqalisa izindlela ezehlukene ezihlanganisa izinxephezelo namazinga entela avuna imikhakha ebalulekile, iSomalia ihlose ukukhuthaza ukukhula okuholwa yimpahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kuyilapho ikhulisa ukuqoqwa kwemali engenayo evela emisebenzini yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
Isitifiketi sokuthekelisa eSomalia siyingxenye ebalulekile yemithetho yezohwebo yezwe. Uhulumeni waseSomalia usebenzise izinqubo nezimfuneko ezithile zokuqinisekisa ubuqiniso kanye nekhwalithi yezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Ukuthola isitifiketi sokuthekelisa, abathumeli bempahla eSomalia kumele balethe imibhalo efanele kuziphathimandla ezifanele. Lawa madokhumenti ngokuvamile ahlanganisa i-invoyisi, uhlu lokupakisha, isitifiketi semvelaphi, nanoma imaphi amalayisense adingekayo noma izimvume. Isitifiketi sokuzalwa sisebenza njengobufakazi bokuthi izimpahla zikhiqizwa noma zakhiwe ngaphakathi kweSomalia. Ukwengeza, imikhiqizo ethile idinga izitifiketi ezengeziwe ukuze ihlangabezane namazinga omhlaba. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yezolimo ingadinga izitifiketi ze-phytosanitary ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi ayinazo izinambuzane nezifo. Ngokufanayo, imikhiqizo yokudla ingase idinge izitifiketi zezempilo eziqinisekisa ukuthi iyahambisana nezokuphepha kanye nezilinganiso zekhwalithi. I-Somalia futhi ibeka izilawuli zokuthumela ngaphandle ezimpahleni ezithile ezithathwa njengezibucayi ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha. Isibonelo, izingalo, izinhlamvu, izidakamizwa, imikhiqizo yezilwane zasendle efana nezimpondo zendlovu noma izimpondo zikabhejane zilawulwa ngokuqinile noma zivinjelwe ngokuphelele ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle. Kubalulekile ukuthi abathumeli bempahla eSomalia basebenzisane eduze nezikhungo zikahulumeni ezifana noMnyango Wezohwebo Nezimboni lapho befaka isicelo sokuthola isitifiketi sokuthekelisa. Lawa ma-ejensi azohlola amadokhumenti ahanjiswe ngabathumeli ngaphandle kokukhipha imvume yokuqhubeka nokuthunyelwa. Inhloso yesitifiketi sokuthekelisa eSomalia ukuvikela izimboni zasekhaya kanye nezithakazelo zezimakethe zangaphandle ngokuqinisekisa izindlela zokuhweba ezinobulungiswa kanye nokuhambisana nemikhuba yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokuthobela le mihlahlandlela kanye nokuthola izitifiketi ezisebenzayo zokuthumela ngaphandle, abathumeli bempahla baseSomalia bangathuthukisa ukwethembeka kwabo futhi bathole ukufinyelela ezimakethe zomhlaba kalula kuyilapho bevikela isithunzi sokuthengiswa kwezwe labo kwamanye amazwe.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Somalia iyizwe elitholakala oPhondweni lwe-Afrika futhi yaziwa ngemithombo yalo yemvelo ehlukahlukene kanye namandla okukhula komnotho. Uma kukhulunywa ngezincomo ze-logistics, nanka amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwacabangele: 1. Ichweba laseMogadishu: Ichweba laseMogadishu, elitholakala enhloko-dolobha, lingelinye lamasango amakhulu ohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe eSomalia. Ihlinzeka ngezinsiza ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinsizakalo zokuphatha ukungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. 2. Ezokuthutha ngomgwaqo: ISomalia inoxhaxha lwemigwaqo ehlanganisa amadolobha amakhulu namadolobhakazi. Lokhu kwenza ezokuthutha emgwaqeni zibe imodi ebalulekile yezokuthutha zasekhaya ngaphakathi kwezwe. 3. Ukuthutha ngezindiza: Isikhumulo sezindiza i-Aden Adde International e-Mogadishu sisebenza njengendawo enkulu yezindiza zamazwe ngamazwe eSomalia. Ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zempahla, isiza ukusebenza kahle kwempahla yokuthutha emoyeni, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthweni okuthatha isikhathi. 4. Izakhiwo zokugcina impahla: Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nokuvela kwezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ezizimele emadolobheni amakhulu njengeMogadishu, Hargeisa, neBosaso. Lezi zindawo zokugcina izimpahla zinikeza izinketho ezivikelekile zokugcina izimpahla ezilinde ukusatshalaliswa noma ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle. 5. Izinqubo zeCustoms: Ukuqonda izinqubo zentela yempahla ephumayo kubalulekile lapho ungenisa noma uthumela izimpahla ezivela eSomalia. Zijwayeze nemithethonqubo esebenzayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuhanjiswa kwezimpahla ngaphandle komphetho. 6.Ubambiswano lwezokuthutha:aUkusungula ubudlelwano nezinkampani zezokuthutha ezithembekile ngaphakathi eSomalia kungasiza ukwenza umsebenzi wakho ube lula ngokunikeza ukufinyelela kobuchwepheshe bazo kanye namanethiwekhi emikhumbi. 7. Abahlinzeki bensizakalo ye-Logistics: Abahlinzeki besevisi abambalwa bezokuthutha basebenza ngaphakathi eSomalia abangasiza ngokuphatha amaketango okulethwa kwempahla ngendlela efanele ngokunikeza izinsizakalo ezifana nokuphathwa kwezokuthutha, ukwesekwa kokuvunyelwa kwempahla, kanye nezisombululo zokugcinwa kwempahla. 8.Ukucatshangelwa kwezokuphepha: Ukuvikela impahla ngesikhathi sokuthutha kubalulekile ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuvikeleka ezingxenyeni ezithile zezwe. Izinkampani eziningi zezokuthutha zenze amasu okunciphisa ubungozi avumela ezokuthutha eziphephile ngokuqasha abaphelezeli abangochwepheshe noma zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulandela umkhondo. 9. Ulwazi lwendawo:Ukujwayelana nezinqubo zebhizinisi lendawo kungathuthukisa kakhulu amakhono akho okusebenza.Ukukhetha ozakwethu bendawo abanemininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nemakethe yaseSomalia kungakunikeza inzuzo yokuncintisana. 10. Amathuba entuthuko yesikhathi esizayo: Naphezu kwezinselelo eziqhubekayo, umkhakha wezokuthutha waseSomalia unamathuba amakhulu okukhula. Ngokutshalwa kwezimali kwingqalasizinda, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nabasebenzi abanamakhono, izwe lingaqhubeka nokusebenzisa inzuzo yalo yendawo njengesango eliya eMpumalanga Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Lezi zincomo zihlinzeka ngesifinyezo sokwakheka kwezwe lokuhamba eSomalia. Kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo olwengeziwe nokusebenzisana eduze nozakwethu bendawo ukuze uzulazule ngezinselele eziyingqayizivele namathuba alethwa yilesi sifunda.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

ISomalia, etholakala oPhondweni lwe-Afrika, iyizwe elinamandla okuhwebelana namazwe ngamazwe. Naphezu kokungazinzi kwezombusazwe kanye nezinselelo zokuphepha, iSomalia inikeza amathuba ahlukahlukene kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi. Lesi sihloko sizoveza eminye yemigudu ebalulekile yokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe futhi sigqamise imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile eSomalia. 1. Ichweba laseMogadishu: Njengechweba elimatasatasa kakhulu eSomalia, Ichweba laseMogadishu lisebenza njengesango elibalulekile lohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Iphatha izinto ezithengwayo nezithunyelwa ngaphandle, okuyenza ibe indawo ekahle yokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. Izimpahla eziningi zingeniswa kuleli chweba, okuhlanganisa ukudla, izinto zokwakha, imishini, nezimpahla zabathengi. 2. Ichweba laseBosaso: Itholakala esifundeni sasePuntland ogwini lwase-Aden, Ichweba laseBosaso lingelinye isango elibalulekile labangenisa impahla ngaphandle/abathumela kwamanye amazwe abasebenza enyakatho-mpumalanga yeSomalia. Ichweba linikeza ukufinyelela ezimakethe zasePuntland nasemazweni angomakhelwane njenge-Ethiopia. 3. Ichweba lase-Berbera: Itholakala e-Somaliland (isifunda esisenyakatho), i-Berbera Port iye yathuthukiswa njengendawo enkulu yezokuthutha zasolwandle ngenxa yendawo yayo enengqondo ngasogwini loLwandle Olubomvu. Inikeza ukufinyelela okuqondile emazweni avaliwe njenge-Ethiopia. 4.Inkampani ye-Sagal Import Export Company: I-Sagal Import Export Company ingenye yezinkampani ezihamba phambili zaseSomalia ezibambe iqhaza ekuqhubekiseni uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokuxhumanisa abathengi nabahlinzeki/abakhi/amabhizinisi endawo ngaphakathi kwemakethe yaseSomalia. Mayelana nemibukiso yezohwebo: 1.I-Somaliland International Trade Fair (SITF): Eba minyaka yonke e-Hargeisa (inhloko-dolobha yase-Somaliland), i-SITF imele imibukiso yohwebo emikhulukazi ebanjelwe esifundeni saseSomalia/Somaliland eheha amabhizinisi endawo nakwamanye amazwe avela emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nezinto zokwakha, abakhiqizi bezimpahla ezithengwayo. /abasabalalisi/abangenisa kwamanye amazwe, 2.I-Mogadishu International Book Fair (MBIF): I-MBIF igxile kakhulu kubadayisi bezincwadi/abashicileli/ababhali/izikhungo zemfundo ezithuthukisa ukutshalwa kwezimali komkhakha wezincwadi/wezemfundo hhayi kuphela ngaphakathi kodwa nangaphandle komphakathi okhuluma isiSomalia. 3.I-Somalia International Livestock Trade Fair: Uma kubhekwa amandla eSomalia ekuthengiseni imfuyo emazweni angaphandle, lo mbukiso wezohwebo uhlinzeka ngenkundla yabathumeli bangaphandle/abangenisa kwamanye amazwe/abaphrosesa/abalimi/abathengisi ukuze bakhangise ngemikhiqizo yabo, inethiwekhi, futhi bathole abangaba abalingane bohwebo. 4.I-Somaliland Business Expo: Lo mbukiso waminyaka yonke uhlinzeka ngenkundla yamabhizinisi nabatshalizimali abathanda imakethe yaseSomaliland. Ihlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene njengezolimo, ezokudoba, ezokukhiqiza, ezobuchwepheshe, nezinkonzo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenxa yesimo sezokuphepha eSomalia, Sekukonke, Naphezu kwezinselelo zayo, iSomalia inikeza imigudu eminingana ebalulekile yabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini yokuthenga. Izikhumulo ezifana neMogadishu Port, Bosaso Port, kanye neBerbera Port zinikeza ukufinyelela ekungeniseni/kuthekeliseni impahla. Ukwengeza, izinkampani ezifana ne-Sagal Import Export Company zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngaphakathi kwezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile efana ne-SITF MBIF, iSomalia International Livestock Trade Fair, kanye ne-Somaliland Business Expo enikeza amathuba okuxhumana namabhizinisi endawo emikhakheni eyahlukene.
E-Somalia, kunezinjini zokusesha ezimbalwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa abantu abazisebenzisayo ukucinga ulwazi ku-inthanethi. Nazi ezinye zazo kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Guban: Ingosi yewebhu yaseSomalia kanye nenjini yokusesha ehlinzeka ngezindaba zendawo, amavidiyo, nolwazi. Iwebhusayithi: www.gubanmedia.com 2. I-Bulsho: Inikeza izinsiza ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa injini yokusesha, izibuyekezo zezindaba, izigaba, nohlu lwemisebenzi. Iwebhusayithi: www.bulsho.com 3. I-Goobjoog: Iwebhusayithi yemidiya exubile enikeza izindatshana zezindaba ngolimi lwaseSomalia kanye nenjini yokusesha edidiyelwe. Iwebhusayithi: www.goobjoog.com 4. I-Waagacusub Media: Isikhungo sezindaba esidumile saseSomalia futhi sihlome ngesici saso sokusesha. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.waagacusub.net 5. Hiiraan Online: Enye yamawebhusayithi amadala futhi avelele kakhulu e-Somalia ahlinzeka ngezigaba ezihlukene zokusesha izihloko zezindaba ezisekelwe ezigabeni ezihlukene. Iwebhusayithi: www.hiiraan.com/news/ Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zezinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa e-Somalia ezihlinzeka ngokuqukethwe kwasendaweni ngolimi lwase-Somalia noma ezibhekelela izintshisekelo nezidingo zabasebenzisi be-inthanethi baseSomalia. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abantu abaningi eSomalia basebenzisa izinjini zokusesha ezaziwayo emhlabeni wonke njenge-Google (www.google.so) noma i-Bing (www.bing.com), engafinyelelwa kunoma iyiphi indawo emhlabeni wonke ukuze bathole ulwazi ngale kwasendaweni. ukulinganiselwa kokuqukethwe.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

E-Somalia, amanye amakhasi aphuzi ayinhloko yilawa: 1. Yellow Pages Somalia - Lona uhla lwemibhalo olusemthethweni lwamakhasi aphuzi eSomalia. Ihlinzeka ngohlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi namasevisi atholakala ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zezwe. I-URL: www.yellowpages.so 2. I-Somali Yellow Pages - Lolu hlu lwemibhalo oluku-inthanethi lugxile ekubhaleni amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene, izinhlangano, kanye nezinsizakalo ezisebenza eSomalia. Inikeza izinketho zokusesha ngesigaba noma ngegama elingukhiye ukuze uthole ukuzulazula okulula. I-URL: www.somaliyellowpages.com 3. I-WaanoYellowPages - Le webhusayithi ihlinzeka ngenkundla yamabhizinisi aseSomalia ukukhangisa ngemikhiqizo namasevisi awo kuleli nakwamanye amazwe. Kuhlanganisa imininingwane yokuxhumana, amakheli, nezincazelo zamabhizinisi ahlukahlukene emikhakheni eyahlukene. I-URL: www.waanoyellowpages.com 4. I-GO4WorldBusiness - Nakuba ingaqondile eSomalia, lolu hlu lwemibhalo lwebhizinisi lamazwe ngamazwe luxhumanisa abathengi nabathengisi emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa nezinkampani zaseSomalia ezifuna amathuba ohwebo emhlabeni jikelele. I-URL: www.go4worldbusiness.com/find?searchText=somalia&FindBuyersSuppliers=suppliers 5. I-Mogdisho Yellow Pages - Igxile enhloko-dolobha yedolobha i-Mogadishu, lolu hlu lwemibhalo oluku-inthanethi lubala amabhizinisi endawo njengezindawo zokudlela, amahhotela, izitolo, izibhedlela, kanye nezinsizakalo ezichwepheshile ezinjengabameli noma abadwebi bezakhiwo. I-URL: www.mogdishoyellowpages.com Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukufinyelela kwizinsiza ze-inthanethi kungase kukhawulelwe ezindaweni ezithile zaseSomalia ngenxa yezinselelo zengqalasizinda noma ezinye izici ezithinta ukuxhumana. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa izinkomba zendawo noma ukuxhumana nezinhlangano zamabhizinisi endawo kungase kube usizo lapho usesha ulwazi oluthile ezindaweni ezithile ngaphakathi kwezwe.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

Kunezinkundla ezimbalwa ezinkulu ze-e-commerce eSomalia, ezinikeza uhla lwemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo kumakhasimende. Nazi ezinye eziyinhloko kanye namawebhusayithi abo: 1. I-Hilbil: Iwebhusayithi: www.hilbil.com I-Hilbil ingenye yezinkundla ezihamba phambili ze-e-commerce eSomalia, ihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene efana ne-electronics, imfashini, ubuhle, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, nokuningi. Ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokulethwa emadolobheni amaningi eSomalia. 2. I-Goobal: Iwebhusayithi: www.goobal.com I-Goobal iyindawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi edumile exhuma abathengisi nalabo abangase babe abathengi ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa okogesi, okokugqoka, izinsiza, nezinto zasendlini. Inkundla yabo iphinde yeseke amabhizinisi endawo ukuze akhuthaze ukukhula komnotho. 3. Imakethe ye-Soomar: Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.soomarmarket.so I-Soomar Market isebenza njengendawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi yezigaba zemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene njengomakhalekhukhwini, ifenisha, izimpahla zikagesi, negrosa. Ivumela kokubili amabhizinisi endawo kanye nabantu ngabanye ukuthi bathengise imikhiqizo yabo endaweni yesikhulumi kuyilapho beqinisekisa ukuthengiselana okuphephile. 4. I-Guri Yagleel: Iwebhusayithi: www.guriyagleel.co I-Guri Yagleel igxile kakhulu ekuthengiseni izakhiwo ezithengiswayo kulo lonke elaseSomalia ngokusebenzisa ingosi yayo eku-inthanethi. Inkundla inezindlu zokuhlala nezindawo zezentengiselwano ezitholakalayo ezithengiswayo noma eziqashwayo emadolobheni ahlukene ezwe. 5. I-Barii Online Shop: Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.bariionline.com I-Barii Online Shop inikezela ngezinhlobonhlobo zezimpahla ezithengwayo ezihlukaniswe ngaphansi kwemfashini nezingubo (okuhlanganisa nezingubo zomdabu zaseSomalia), izinto zikagesi namagajethi, izinto zokunakekela kanye nokudla negilosa okuqondiswe kubathengi ngaphakathi eSomalia. Lezi zingxenyekazi ze-e-commerce zihlinzeka ngolwazi olulula lokuthenga kumakhasimende aseSomalia ngokunikeza izinketho zokusesha ezilula namasango okukhokha avikelekile kuyilapho isekela ukukhula kwamabhizinisi endawo ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

I-Somalia, izwe elise-Horn of Africa, ibone ukukhula okuphawulekayo endaweni yayo yedijithali eminyakeni edlule. Nakuba izinkundla zokuxhumana zingase zingandile njengakwamanye amazwe, kusenezinkundla ezimbalwa eziphawulekayo ezidumile kubantu baseSomalia. Nazi ezinye izinkundla zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa eSomalia: 1. I-Facebook: Njengengxenye enkulu yomhlaba, i-Facebook isetshenziswa kakhulu eSomalia ngezinjongo zokuxhumana nokuxhumana. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baxhumane nabangane nomndeni, babelane ngezibuyekezo, bajoyine amaqembu/amakhasi abawathandayo, futhi bazibandakanye nokuqukethwe okuhlukahlukene. Iwebhusayithi: www.facebook.com 2. Twitter: Enye inkundla edumile eSomalia iTwitter. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babelane futhi bathole izindaba, balandele izitayela/izihloko ngama-hashtag, futhi bahlanganyele nabanye emhlabeni wonke noma phakathi kwemiphakathi ethile. Iwebhusayithi: www.twitter.com 3. I-Snapchat: Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo ye-multimedia seluzuze ukuduma phakathi kwentsha yaseSomalia ngokwabelana ngezithombe/amavidiyo anesikhathi esifushane sempilo (inyamalala ngemva kokubuka). Inikeza izihlungi ezibukwayo futhi ivumela ukusebenzisana ngemiyalezo yangasese futhi. Iwebhusayithi: www.snapchat.com 4. I-Instagram: Yaziwa ngokwabelana ngezithombe/amavidiyo ahlobene nezithakazelo zomuntu siqu noma okuhlangenwe nakho ngemishini ephathwayo, i-Instagram iphinde yathola indawo yayo phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-inthanethi baseSomalia abafuna ukuziveza ngokusobala noma ukukhangisa amabhizinisi/imikhiqizo yabo. Iwebhusayithi: www.instagram.com 5. I-YouTube: Njengenkundla yokwabelana ngamavidiyo emhlabeni wonke eqashelwa izigidi zabantu kuhlanganisa nabaseSomalia, i-YouTube inikeza ukufinyelela kokuqukethwe okubanzi okufana namavidiyo omculo, ama-vlog/amavidiyo olwazi akhiqizwa abantu/amaqembu emhlabeni wonke. Iwebhusayithi: www.youtube.com 6. I-LinkedIn (yokuxhumana ngochwepheshe), i-WhatsApp (yokuthumela imiyalezo esheshayo/ukushaya), iTelegramu (uhlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo), i-TikTok (ukwabelana ngevidiyo yefomu elifushane) nazo zisetshenziswa izingxenye ezithile emphakathini wedijithali waseSomalia. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukufinyelela nokusetshenziswa kwalezi zinkundla zokuxhumana kungase kuhluke ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifana nokutholakala kwe-inthanethi/ukukwazi ukuyikhokhela noma imikhuba yamasiko evame phakathi kwezifunda ezihlukahlukene zaseSomalia. Ukwengeza, abanye abantu baseSomalia bangasebenzisa izinkundla zendawo noma izinkundla eziqondene nezinto abazithandayo noma imiphakathi yendawo. Khumbula ukuqapha futhi uqaphele izilungiselelo zobumfihlo nemihlahlandlela enikezwa yilezi zinkundla ngenkathi uzisebenzisa kunoma yiliphi izwe.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

ISomalia, esogwini olusempumalanga ye-Afrika, inezinhlangano ezimbalwa ezivelele zezimboni. Lezi zinhlangano zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwesekeni nasekumeleleni imikhakha yazo. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano eziyinhloko zezimboni eSomalia kanye namakheli azo ewebhusayithi: 1. I-Somali Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SCCI) - I-SCCI ingenye yezinhlangano zezamabhizinisi ezihamba phambili eSomalia, ezimele izimboni ezihlukahlukene futhi ziqhubekisele phambili imisebenzi yohwebo ezweni. Iwebhusayithi: https://somalichamber.org/ 2. I-Somali National Association of Women Entrepreneurs (SNAWE) - I-SNAWE yinhlangano egxile ekunikezeni amandla osomabhizinisi besifazane ngokubanikeza ukwesekwa, ukuqeqeshwa, amathuba okuxhumana, kanye nokumela amabhizinisi abo. Iwebhusayithi: Ayitholakali okwamanje. 3. I-Somali Renewable Energy Association (SREA) - I-SREA ikhuthaza imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo eSomalia ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncika emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi futhi kuthuthukise ukusimama ngaphakathi komkhakha wamandla. Iwebhusayithi: Ayitholakali okwamanje. 4. I-Somali Development Bankers Association (SoDBA) - I-SoDBA ihlanganisa ndawonye ochwepheshe abasebenza emabhange nezikhungo zezezimali ukuze bashintshisane ngolwazi, bakhuthaze ukubambisana, futhi bathuthukise izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zomkhakha wamabhange oqinile eSomalia. Iwebhusayithi: Ayitholakali okwamanje. 5. I-Somali Information Technology Developers Association (SITDA) - I-SIDA iyinhlangano emele abathuthukisi be-IT nezingcweti kuwo wonke umkhakha wobuchwepheshe okhulayo waseSomalia ngokuthuthukisa ukuqanjwa, ukusungula, ukuhweba phakathi kwamalungu. Iwebhusayithi http://sitda.so/ 6. I-Somali Fishermen's Association (SFA) - I-SFA ihlose ukuvikela amalungelo abadobi bendabuko eSomalia kuyilapho ikhuthaza izindlela zokudoba ezisimeme zokulawula imithombo yasolwandle ngendlela efanele. Iwebhusayithi: Ayitholakali okwamanje. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ezinye izinhlangano zingase zingabi nawo amawebhusayithi asebenzayo noma ukuba khona ku-inthanethi ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokushoda kwezinsiza noma ulwazi olubuyekeziwe olungatholakali ku-inthanethi.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi ezomnotho nezohwebo ahlobene neSomalia, kanye namakheli awo ewebhu: 1. I-Somali Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SCCI) - http://www.somalichamber.so/ ISomalia Chamber of Commerce and Industry yinhlangano ekhuthaza ukukhula kwebhizinisi, ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nohwebo eSomalia. Iwebhusayithi inikeza ulwazi ngezimboni ezihlukahlukene, amathuba okutshala izimali, izindaba zebhizinisi, kanye nemicimbi. 2. I-National Investment Promotion Agency (NIPA) - https://invessomalia.com/ I-NIPA inesibopho sokuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwamanye amazwe eSomalia. Isizindalwazi sabo sihlinzeka ngemininingwane ngamathuba okutshalwa kwezimali emikhakheni ehlukene, imithetho neziqondiso ezihlobene nokutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nezinsiza zabatshalizimali abangaba abatshalizimali abafuna ukwenza ibhizinisi ezweni. 3. Umnyango Wezohwebo Nezimboni - http://www.moci.gov.so Umnyango Wezohwebo Nezimboni ugxile ekukhuthazeni ukuhwebelana ngaphakathi kweSomalia ngokwenza izinqubomgomo kanye nokuqinisekisa indawo ekahle yamabhizinisi. Isizindalwazi sinikeza imininingwane ngezinkonzo zomnyango, izinyathelo ezithathiwe ukuze kube lula ukuhwebelana ngaphakathi nangaphandle. 4. Ibhodi Lokukhuthaza Ukuthekelisa KwaseSomalia (SEPBO) - http://sepboard.gov.so/ I-SEPBO isebenza ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi yokuthekelisa evela eSomalia ngokuhlonza izimakethe ezingaba khona zemikhiqizo yasekhaya phesheya. Isizindalwazi sabo sethula ulwazi mayelana nemikhakha eyahlukene lapho iSomalia inganweba khona ukuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe kanye namasu asemukelwe ukukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe. 5. I-Somalia Institute of Development Research and Analysis (SIDRA) - http://sidra.so/ I-SIDRA isikhungo socwaningo esihlaziya izitayela zokuthuthukiswa komnotho eSomalia kuyilapho sinikela ngezincomo zenqubomgomo ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa izimo zenhlalo-mnotho. Le webhusayithi ihlanganisa imibiko ephathelene nezinkomba zezomnotho ezibalulekile njengezinga lokukhula kwe-GDP, izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali, izibalo zokuqashwa njll., okungaba usizo kumabhizinisi atshala imali noma asebenza ezweni. Lawa mawebhusayithi anikezela ngezinsiza ezibalulekile kubantu noma izinkampani ezinentshisekelo yokuxhumana nezici zezomnotho zaseSomalia njengamathemba okutshalwa kwezimali, imibiko yokuhlaziywa kwezimakethe noma izinhlaka zokulawula ezisekela imisebenzi yohwebo ngaphakathi kwezwe.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa emibuzo yedatha yokuhweba atholakalayo eSomalia. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo: 1. Ingosi Yezohwebo Kazwelonke YaseSomalia (http://www.somtracom.gov.so/): Le sizindalwazi esisemthethweni sihlinzeka ngemininingwane yohwebo ephelele yaseSomalia, okuhlanganisa nezibalo zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kanye nebhalansi yohwebo. 2. I-GlobalTrade.net (https://www.globaltrade.net/Somalia/trade): Le nkundla inikeza ulwazi oluhlobene nohwebo lwaseSomalia, okuhlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kwezimakethe, izinkomba zebhizinisi, kanye nedatha yokungenisa/yokuthumela ngaphandle. 3. I-Observatory of Economic Complexity (https://oec.world/en/profile/country/som): Le webhusayithi ihlinzeka ngezithombe ezinemininingwane nokuhlaziywa kokuthekelisa kwe-Somalia nokuthrendayo kokungenisa. Kuhlanganisa futhi ulwazi ngabalingani abaphezulu bokuhweba kanye nemikhiqizo ethunyelwa ngaphandle/ngaphandle. 4. I-World Integrated Trade Solutions (WITS) (https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/SOM/Year/2018/Summary): Inkundla yeBhange Lomhlaba le-WITS inikeza ukufinyelela kudatha yohwebo lwempahla yamazwe ngamazwe eSomalia. Abasebenzisi bangafinyelela imibiko enemininingwane yokungenisa, ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle, amanani entengo, nokuningi. 5. Isikhungo Sohwebo Samazwe Ngamazwe (ITC) Amathuluzi Okuhlaziya Izimakethe (https://marketanalysis.intracen.org/#exp=&partner=0&prod=&view=chart&yearRange=RMAX-US&sMode=COUNTRY&rLevel=COUNTRY&rScale=9&pageLoadId=16629153524) I-ITC ihlinzeka ngamathuluzi okuhlaziya imakethe avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlole amathuba emakethe eSomalia ngokuhlaziya amandla okungenisa/ukuthumela kanye nolwazi oluqondene nomkhiqizo. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukutholakala nokunemba kwalawa mawebhusayithi kungahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; kuhle ukuhlola imithombo eminingi ukuze uthole ulwazi oluphelele nolwakamuva lwezohwebo eSomalia.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

ISomalia yizwe elitholakala oPhondweni lwe-Afrika elibone intuthuko enkulu kwezamabhizinisi eminyakeni edlule. Nakuba ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi ezinzile nezinkundla ezinokwethenjelwa kusenganqunyelwa, kunezinkundla ezimbalwa ze-B2B ezisebenza eSomalia. 1. ISomalia TradeNet: Le nkundla ihlinzeka amabhizinisi ngethuba lokuxhuma nokuzibandakanya kwezohwebo ngaphakathi kweSomalia. Ihlose ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho ngokwenza kube lula ukusebenzisana kwe-B2B phakathi kwezimboni ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezolimo, ezokukhiqiza kanye nezinsizakalo. Isizindalwazi seSomalia TradeNet sithi http://www.somalitradenet.com/. 2. I-Somali Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SCCI): I-SCCI isebenza njengenkundla yokumatanisa eku-inthanethi yamabhizinisi asebenza ngaphakathi kweSomalia. Ivumela amabhizinisi ukuthi axhumane nabangase abe ozakwethu, afinyelele ulwazi lwezohwebo, futhi ahlole namathuba okutshalwa kwezimali ezweni. Ungathola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-SCCI kuwebhusayithi yabo: http://www.somalichamber.so/. 3. I-Somaliland Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SLCCI): Nakuba i-Somaliland iyisifunda esizimele esizimele ngaphakathi kwe-Somalia, inoMkhandlu Wezohwebo ozinikele ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi yebhizinisi ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo. I-SLCCI ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezifanayo nezinye izinkundla ze-B2B kodwa igxile kakhulu emabhizinisini asebenza ngaphakathi kwe-Somaliland. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-SLCCI ithi https://somalilandchamber.org/. 4. I-East African Business Council (EABC): Nakuba ingaqondile eSomalia kuphela, i-EABC imele izintshisekelo zamabhizinisi esifunda kuyo yonke i-East Africa, kuhlanganisa neSomalia. Isebenza njengenkundla yamathuba okuxhumana phakathi kwezinkampani emikhakheni eyahlukene esifundeni sonke, ihlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nezitayela zezimakethe kanye nezinsizakalo zokusekelwa kwebhizinisi ezibalulekile kumasu okungena ezimakethe emazweni afana neSomalia. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kufanele kucociselwe ngaphambi kokuxhumana nanoma iyiphi inkundla ye-B2B eku-inthanethi noma ukwenza imisebenzi ehlobene nohwebo kunoma yiliphi izwe noma isifunda. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka emhlabeni wonke kanye nengqalasizinda ithuthuka ngokuqhubekayo eSomalia, kulindeleke ukuthi kuvele izinkundla ezengeziwe ze-B2B ukuze zibhekelele izidingo zebhizinisi ezikhulayo zezwe.
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