TogTok

Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
Imali Yezwe
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Amaholide Abalulekile
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

I-United Kingdom, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-UK, iyizwe elizimele elisogwini olusenyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwekazi lase-Europe. Yakhiwe amazwe amane ahlanganisa: iNgilandi, iScotland, iWales, neNyakatho Ireland. I-UK inentando yeningi yasephalamende enobukhosi obungokomthethosisekelo. Ihlanganisa indawo ecishe ibe ngamamayela-skwele angama-93,628 (amakhilomitha-skwele angama-242,500), i-UK inabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingama-67. Inhloko-dolobha yayo nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke yiLondon, engeyona nje isikhungo esibalulekile sezezimali kodwa futhi isikhungo samasiko. I-UK ibambe iqhaza elikhulu emlandweni womhlaba kanye nezepolitiki. Kwake kwaba umbuso owawudabula amazwekazi ahlukene futhi waba nethonya elifinyelela kude ezindaweni ezifana nemizila yokuhweba kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha. Namuhla, nakuba ungasewona umbuso, usalokhu ungomunye weminotho ehamba phambili emhlabeni. I-UK yaziwa ngamagugu ayo ahlukahlukene. Izwe ngalinye ngaphakathi kwemingcele yalo linesiko nezilimi zalo ezihlukile; isibonelo, isiNgisi sikhulunywa kakhulu eNgilandi kanti isiWelsh eWales. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Scottish Gaelic (eScotland) kanye ne-Irish (eNyakatho Ireland) nazo zibamba ukuqashelwa okusemthethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-UK inezindawo eziningi ze-UNESCO zamagugu omhlaba ezihlanganisa iStonehenge eNgilandi kanye ne-Edinburgh Castle eScotland. Izivakashi zingajabulela izindawo zemvelo ezimangalisayo njengezintaba zaseScotland noma zihlole izimpawu zomhlaba ezinjengoBuckingham Palace noma iBig Ben eLondon. Umnotho wase-United Kingdom ugxile ezinsizakalweni ezimbonini ezifana nezezimali, ezokukhiqiza (okuhlanganisa ezezimoto), ezemithi, nemikhakha yokudala edlala indima ebalulekile. Ezolimo nazo zineqhaza emnothweni wayo nakuba kuphela zibala cishe u-1% we-GDP namuhla. Uhlobo lwemali, iPound Sterling yaseBrithani isalokhu iyimali eqine kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, Ngokwezombangazwe, iUKelinye lelungu leNhlangano Yezizwe kanye nelungu eliyisisekelo le-North Atlantic TreatyOrganisation(NATO).Ihlangene ngokuxoxisana nengxenye yeNyunyana YaseYurophu futhi ikhiphe i-EU ngemva kokusayinwa kwevoti ngo-2016. Sengiphetha, i-United Kingdom iyizwe elihlukile nelibalulekile ngokomlando elinamagugu amasiko anothile. Inomnotho oqinile, ithonya lomhlaba wonke, futhi inikeza izivakashi izinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezihehayo ezingazihlola.

Imali yase-United Kingdom iphawundi laseBrithani, elifanekiselwa njenge-GBP (£). Ingenye yezinhlobo zemali eziqine kakhulu futhi ezamukelwa kabanzi emhlabeni jikelele. Iphawundi njengamanje linenani eliphezulu uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezimali, okulenza livune ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali. IBhange LaseNgilandi, elisebenza njengebhange elikhulu lezwe, libe nesibopho sokukhipha nokugcina ukunikezwa kwamaphawundi ajikelezayo. Balawula inqubomgomo yezimali ukuze balawule izici ezifana namazinga okwehla kwamandla emali nezinga lenzalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza emnothweni. Izinhlamvu zemali zitholakala ngamahlelo kapeni owodwa (1p), 2 pence (2p), 5 pence (5p), 10 pence (10p), 20 pence (20p), 50 pence (50p), £1 (iphawundi elilodwa) kanye £ 2 (amapondo amabili). Lezi zinhlamvu zihlanganisa izibalo zomlando ezihlukahlukene noma izimpawu zezwe ekwakhiweni kwazo. Ama-banknote ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuthenga ngenani eliphezulu. Okwamanje, kunamahlelo amane ahlukene: £5, £10, £20, kanye £50. Kusukela kumanothi e-polymer ethulwe eminyakeni yakamuva ngenxa yokuqina okuthuthukisiwe nezici zokuphepha. Abantu abadumile abafana noWinston Churchill bavela kwamanye ama-banknotes. Ngokungeziwe emalini engokoqobo, izindlela zokukhokha zedijithali ezifana namakhadi esikweletu noma ukukhokha ngaphandle kokuthinta zithole udumo kuwo wonke amabhizinisi ase-UK. Ama-ATM angatholakala kuwo wonke amadolobha avumela ukuhoxiswa kalula noma ukushintshaniswa kwemali kusetshenziswa amakhadi edebhithi noma esikweletu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba i-Northern Ireland isebenzisa isethi ehlukile yamanothi ebhange akhishwa amabhange ahlukahlukene endawo abizwa ngokuthi "sterling" noma "amaphawundi ase-Ireland," womabili amaphawundi esiNgisi (£) kanye namapondo ase-Ireland (£) angasetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni ngokushintshana eNyakatho ye-Ireland kanye nezinhlamvu zemali ezivela. zombili izifunda ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Sekukonke, ukuba nemali yakhona eqinile kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwezomnotho ngaphakathi kwe-United Kingdom kuyilapho kukwenza kubonakale kalula emhlabeni wonke ngeyunithi yayo yemali ehlukile - iphawundi laseBrithani (£).

Imali esemthethweni yase-United Kingdom iPondo laseBrithani (GBP). Amanani okushintshaniswa kwezimali ezinkulu ayashintshashintsha nsuku zonke, ngakho ngingakunikeza cishe amanani okushintshanisa kusukela ngoSepthemba 2021: - 1 GBP cishe ilingana no: - 1.37 Idola laseMelika (USD) - 153.30 Yen YaseJapane (JPY) - 1.17 Euro (EUR) - 10.94 i-Chinese Yuan (CNY) Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zilinganiso zokushintshisana zingase zishintshe kuye ngezimo zemakethe nezinye izici, futhi kuhle kakhulu ukuthi uhlole umthombo othembekile noma isikhungo sezezimali ukuze uthole amanani akamuva kakhulu ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi ukuthengiselana ngemali.

I-United Kingdom igubha amaholide ambalwa abalulekile unyaka wonke. Lawa maholidi amelela ukubaluleka komlando, amasiko, nenkolo kubantu bezwe. Nawa amaholide abalulekile agujwa e-United Kingdom: 1. Usuku LukaNcibijane (Januwari 1): Lolu suku luphawula ukuqala konyaka omusha futhi lugujwa ngamaphathi, ama-parade, neziqhumane ezweni lonke. 2. Usuku Luka-St David (March 1): Lugujwa e-Wales ukuhlonipha usanta wawo ongumvikeli, u-St David. Abantu bagqoka ama-daffodils noma amaliki (izifanekiselo zezwe) futhi babambe iqhaza emiqhudelwaneni. 3. Usuku lukaSt Patrick (March 17): Lugujwa kakhulukazi eNyakatho Ireland lapho kukholakala ukuthi u-St Patrick wethula ubuKristu - imibukiso yasemgwaqweni, amakhonsathi nokugqoka okuluhlaza kuyimikhosi evamile. 4. I-Easter: Iholidi lezenkolo elikhumbula ukuvuka kukaJesu Kristu ekufeni ngemva kokubethelwa esiphambanweni - eligujwa ngezinkonzo zesonto, imibuthano yomndeni kanye nokushintshisana ngamaqanda kashokoledi. 5. Iholide Lebhange Lango-May Day (ngoMsombuluko wokuqala kaMeyi): Umgubho wendabuko wentwasahlobo nokudansa eduze kwama-Maypoles, imibukiso, nemicimbi yobuciko eyenzeka ezweni lonke. 6. Usuku LukaKhisimusi (December 25) & Nosuku Lwesibhakela (December 26): UKhisimusi ugujwa kabanzi kuzo zonke izifunda ngamasiko afana nokuhlobisa amakhaya ngezibani nezihlahla; ukuphana izipho; ukuba nesidlo esikhulu samaholide ngosuku lukaKhisimusi olulandelwa yi-Boxing Day echithwa nomndeni noma nabangani. 7. Ubusuku Bonfire/Guy Fawkes Night (November 5): Kukhunjulwa itulo elihlulekile lika-Guy Fawkes lokuqhumisa iPhalamende ngo-1605 - eligujwa ngokubasa imililo nokuqhumisa iziqhumane ezweni lonke. 8.Hogmanay(Usuku olwandulela uNcibijane) olugujwa kakhulu e-Scotland - imigubho emikhulu ihlanganisa udwendwe lwesibani esinqamula e-Edinburgh kanye nokudlalwa komculo njengokuthi "Auld Lang Syne." Le mikhosi ayigcini nje ngokukhuthaza umuzwa wobuzwe kodwa futhi ihlanganisa abantu ukuze bagubhe amagugu namasiko abo. Babonisa indawo yamasiko ehlukahlukene yase-United Kingdom futhi banikeza amazwibela ngomlando wayo ocebile.

I-United Kingdom ingumdlali ovelele emhlabeni jikelele mayelana nezohwebo. Njengomnotho wesithupha ngobukhulu emhlabeni, uziqhayisa ngendawo yokuhweba eqinile nehlukahlukene ngakho kokubili izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle neziphuma ngaphandle. Mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, i-United Kingdom inezinhlobonhlobo zezimpahla ezifaka isandla kakhulu emnothweni wayo. Izigaba zayo eziphezulu ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zihlanganisa imishini, izimoto, imithi, amagugu nezinsimbi eziyigugu, imikhiqizo yasemkhathini, amakhemikhali, nezinsizakalo zezezimali. Izwe laziwa ngobungcweti balo ezimbonini ezahlukene njengokukhiqiza izimoto (okuhlanganisa nemikhiqizo edumile efana neRolls-Royce neBentley), ucwaningo lwezemithi (nezinkampani ezifana neGlaxoSmithKline ezihamba phambili), ubuchwepheshe be-aerospace (ukusebenza kweBoeing's UK kusekelwe lapha), kanye izinsiza zezezimali (iLondon ingenye yezindawo ezihamba phambili zezimali zomhlaba wonke). Uma kuziwa ekuthengisweni, i-United Kingdom incike ezimpahleni eziningana ezivela emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Ingenisa impahla efana nemishini nezinto zokusebenza, izimpahla ezikhiqiziwe (njengezinto zikagesi), izinto ezibaswayo (okuhlanganisa nowoyela), amakhemikhali, ukudla (okufana nezithelo, imifino, imikhiqizo yenyama), izingubo zokugqoka nezindwangu. I-European Union ibikade inguzakwethu obalulekile wezohwebo we-United Kingdom ngenxa yobulungu bayo ku-bloc. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ekushiyeni ngokusemthethweni i-EU ekupheleni kuka-2020 ngemuva kokuthi izingxoxo zeBrexit ziphothulwe ngesivumelwano sobudlelwano bezohwebo besikhathi esizayo ne-Europe esibizwa ngokuthi "Isivumelwano Sokubambisana Kwezohwebo," kube khona izinguquko ezithile ku-UK-EU trade dynamics. Njengoba i-Brexit isiqediwe kanye nezivumelwano zokuhweba ezintsha ezisungulwe emhlabeni wonke ngaphansi kwesimo sobulungu obuzimele base-UK ngaphandle kwemithetho ye-EU noma izinhlaka zentela ezifana nezivumelwano zokuhweba mahhala namazwe afana ne-Japan noma izingxoxo eziqhubekayo mayelana namadili abalulekile angase abe khona neminotho emikhulu njenge-Australia noma i-Canada - konke kubonisa amandla amathuba amasha amabhizinisi aseBrithani afuna ukwanda kwamanye amazwe ngale kwemingcele ye-EU. Sekukonke, ngenkathi ukuzivumelanisa namaqiniso angemva kweBrexit ngokungangabazeki kuzoletha izinselele phakathi nokushintsha kwamaphethini ohwebo emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kobhubhane lwe-Covid-19; nokho i-United Kingdom isalokhu ingumdlali obalulekile kwezohwebo zamazwe ngamazwe esebenzisa amandla emikhakheni eminingi eyinikeza inzuzo ekwakheni ubudlelwano obusha nokugcina ubudlelwano obukhona bezomnotho.

I-United Kingdom inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Ngokomlando, i-UK ibilokhu ibambe iqhaza elikhulu kwezohwebo emhlabeni wonke, ngenxa yendawo yayo ekahle, ingqalasizinda eqinile, kanye nomkhakha wezinsizakalo zezezimali othuthuke kahle. Okokuqala, inzuzo yendawo yase-UK njengezwe eliyisiqhingi elinamachweba axhumene kahle nezikhumulo zezindiza iyenza ikwazi ukufinyelela kalula izimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Lokhu kusiza ukuhanjiswa kwezimpahla namasevisi emingceleni futhi kuyenze ibe uzakwethu wokuhweba okhangayo wamabhizinisi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-UK iyikhaya lemikhiqizo embalwa eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke ezimbonini eziningi ezifana nemfashini, izimpahla zikanokusho, ezezimoto, ezobuchwepheshe, nezinsizakalo zezezimali. Le mikhiqizo esunguliwe ihlinzeka ngesisekelo esiqinile sokuthi izinkampani zaseBrithani zande zibe izimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Idumela lemikhiqizo yaseBrithani ngekhwalithi nokuqanjwa kabusha lithuthukisa ukuncintisana kwayo emhlabeni wonke. Ukwengeza, ngemva kokusuka kwayo ku-European Union ngo-2020 ngokuphothulwa kwe-Brexit ekufuneni ngenkuthalo izivumelwano zokuhwebelana zamazwe ngamazwe kungase kuthuthukise amathuba emakethe amabhizinisi ase-UK. Ngokwenza izivumelwano zamazwe amabili namazwe angaphandle kwe-EU njenge-Australia noma i-Canada kanye nokuhlola izimakethe ezisafufusa njenge-India noma i-China kungasiza ekuhlukaniseni izindawo zokuthumela ngaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamandla amakhulu ekuhwebeni kwedijithali kanye ne-e-commerce uma kubhekwa ukuthi abathengi abaningi baguqukela ekuthengeni online emhlabeni jikelele. Ingqalasizinda yedijithali yase-UK ethuthuke kakhulu kanye nabantu bayo abanolwazi ngobuchwepheshe kudala amathuba ezinkampani zaseBrithani ukuthi zingene kulo mkhuba okhulayo womhlaba wonke ngokusebenzisa izinkundla zobuchwepheshe ukuze zifinyelele amakhasimende emhlabeni wonke. Okokugcina, uhulumeni wase-United Kingdom unikeza ukwesekwa ngezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Izikhungo ezifana noMnyango Wezohwebo Lwamazwe Ngamazwe (i-DIT) zinikeza isiqondiso ekuthuthukisweni kwamasu okuthumela impahla ngaphandle kuyilapho zinikeza usizo lwezezimali ngezibonelelo noma imalimboleko. Lolu sizo lusiza amabhizinisi ukuthi anqobe izithiyo angase abhekane nazo ngenkathi engena ezimakethe ezintsha phesheya kwezilwandle. Sengiphetha, i-United Kingdom inesisekelo esiqinile esingasekelwa izinkampani zaseBrithani ezifisa ukwandisa ubukhona bazo ezimakethe zangaphandle. Ngezici ezifana nendawo, ubukhona bemboni eqinile, amakhono edijithali, nokusekelwa kukahulumeni, izwe linomsebenzi omkhulu. amathuba angakasetshenziswa okukhula kanye nentuthuko kwezohwebo lwangaphandle.

Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo edumile ezothunyelwa emakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yase-United Kingdom, kunezici ezimbalwa okufanele zicatshangelwe. Nansi inkomba yokuthi ungakhetha kanjani izinto ezidayiswayo: 1. Cwaninga amathrendi omthengi: Yenza ucwaningo olunzulu mayelana nezintandokazi zabathengi bezwe kanye namathrendi. Hlaziya imibiko yemboni, idatha yokudayisa, kanye nemininingwane yenkundla yezokuxhumana ukuze uhlonze izigaba zemikhiqizo edumile. 2. Gxila emikhiqizweni yaseBrithani eyingqayizivele: Nyusa amandla e-UK ngokuthumela imikhiqizo yaseBrithani eyingqayizivele enenzuzo yokuncintisana noma inani eliyigugu. Ukudla kwendabuko neziphuzo (okufana netiye, amabhisikidi, ne-whisky), izinhlobo zemfashini (ezifana ne-Burberry), nezimpahla zikanokusho (njengobucwebe obuhle) zifunwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. 3. Bheka ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko: I-UK yaziwa ngabantu bayo abahlukahlukene abanokunambitheka okuhlukahlukene kanye nezintandokazi. Bhekana nalokhu kuhlukahluka ngokunikeza uhla lwemikhiqizo elungele amasiko ahlukene ngaphakathi kwe-UK noma uqondise imiphakathi yezizwe ezithile ngezinto ze-niche. 4. Ukusimama: Abathengi e-UK babeka kuqala imikhiqizo eqhubekayo kanye nemikhuba eco-friendly kunanini ngaphambili. Cabangela ukuthumela ngaphandle izinto ezivumelana nemvelo njengemikhiqizo esebenziseka kabusha, izingubo/izingubo ezenziwe ngezinto zemvelo, noma ubuchwepheshe obuwonga ugesi. 5. Yamukela idijithali: I-E-commerce iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha emakethe yase-UK; ngakho-ke, beka phambili ukwenza idijithi iminikelo yakho yezinkundla zokuthengisa eziku-inthanethi njenge-Amazon noma i-eBay eceleni kweziteshi zokusabalalisa ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. 6. Sebenzisana nabadayisi/abasabalalisi bendawo: Ukubambisana nabathengisi bendawo noma abasabalalisi kuzonikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ngokuziphatha kwamanje kwabathengi kuyilapho unweba ukufinyelela kwakho ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene ezweni. 7. Hlala unolwazi ngemithethonqubo: Hlala unolwazi mayelana nemithetho yokungenisa impahla efana nentela yempahla, izidingo zokulebula, izitifiketi ezidingekayo ezimbonini ezithile (isb., izimonyo), kanye nemithetho yokuvikela ubunikazi bokusungula lapho ucubungula izinketho ezingaba khona zemikhiqizo. 8.Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nesevisi yamakhasimende: Qinisekisa ukuthi izinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi eziqinile zisetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinqubo zokukhiqiza ukuze kugcinwe amazinga ekhwalithi ephezulu ezimpahla ezikhethiwe ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zisuka e-UK kanye nokwesekwa okukhethekile kwenkonzo yamakhasimende ngemva kokuthengisa. Sengiphetha, ukukhetha imikhiqizo ethengisekayo yohwebo lwangaphandle e-United Kingdom kudinga ukuqonda izitayela zabathengi, ukwamukela ukuhlukahluka nokusimama, ukusebenzisa izinkundla zedijithali, ukusebenzisana nozakwethu bendawo, ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nokubeka kuqala ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nenkonzo yamakhasimende.

I-United Kingdom, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-UK, iyizwe elitholakala eNyakatho-ntshonalanga Yurophu. Ngomlando wayo ocebile, amasiko ahlukahlukene, namasiko ahlukile, i-UK ikhombisa izici ezithile ezihlukile zamakhasimende kanye nezinkolelo-ze. Izici Zekhasimende: 1. Isizotha: Amakhasimende aseBrithani akwazisa isizotha nenhlonipho kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokusebenzelana. Ngokuvamile balindela ukubingelela okunesizotha, besebenzisa imishwana efana nethi "ngicela" nethi "ngiyabonga." 2. Umugqa: Abantu baseBrithani badume ngokuthanda imigqa ehlelekile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ilinde esitobhini sebhasi noma kulayini wesitolo esikhulu, ukuhlonipha izindawo zolayini kuthathwa njengokubalulekile. 3. Ukuhlonipha indawo yomuntu siqu: AbaseBrithani ngokuvamile bakhetha ukugcina ibanga elifanele ngokomzimba ngenkathi bexhumana nabanye ukuze bahloniphe indawo yabo siqu. 4. Imvelo egodliwe: Abantu abaningi baseBrithani baziphatha ngendlela egodlile lapho besebenzelana nabantu abangabazi ekuqaleni kodwa bayafudumala lapho sebejwayelene ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. 5. Ukugcina isikhathi: Ukugcina isikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu e-UK. Kusebenza kuma-aphoyintimenti, imihlangano, nanoma yimuphi umcimbi ohleliwe lapho kulindeleke khona ukushesha. Ama-Tabos Nokuziphatha Okufanele Ukugweme: 1. Izihloko zomphakathi: Izingxoxo ezigxile enkolweni noma ezombusazwe zingaba yizihloko ezibucayi phakathi kwamaNgisi ngaphandle uma ziqalwe yibona kuqala. 2. Imibuzo yomuntu siqu: Ukubuza imibuzo ephazamisayo mayelana neholo lothile noma izindaba zomuntu siqu kungase kubonakale njengokungahloniphi futhi kungenangqondo. 3. Ukugxeka Umndeni Wasebukhosini: Umndeni wasebukhosini ubambe iqhaza elibalulekile esikweni lamaNgisi; ngakho-ke, kuvame ukululekwa ukuthi bangenzi izinkulumo ezigxekayo mayelana nabantu bendawo abahlonipha kakhulu ubukhosi. 4.Indlela yokunikeza ithiphu: Ukunikeza ithiphu ngaphakathi kwemboni yesevisi (izindawo zokudlela/amabha/amahhotela) ngokuvamile kulandela u-10-15% webanga lemali etholakalayo ngokusekelwe kukhwalithi yesevisi etholiwe kodwa akuphoqelekile. Sengiphetha, i-United Kingdom iyaziqhenya ngemikhuba nemikhuba emihle evezwa ngesizotha.Ukufunda lezi zici zekhasimende nokugwema ukungaziphathi kahle kuzoqinisekisa ukusebenzisana okushelelayo nabantu bendawo ngesikhathi sokuvakasha noma ukuhwebelana kwebhizinisi e-UK.

I-United Kingdom, ehlanganisa i-England, Scotland, Wales, ne-Northern Ireland, inohlelo oluchazwe kahle lokuphatha amasiko. Lapho ufika noma usuka ezweni, imithetho nezinqubo ezithile kufanele zilandelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungena noma ukuphuma okushelelayo e-UK. Lapho befika e-UK, abagibeli kudingeka bethule amaphasipoti abo asemthethweni noma izincwadi zokuhamba endaweni yokulawula imingcele. Izakhamizi ezingezona eze-European Union (i-EU) nazo zingadinga ukunikeza i-visa evumelekile ukuze zingene ezweni. Kubalulekile ukuhlola uma udinga i-visa ngaphambi kohambo lwakho. Imithethonqubo yeCustoms iyakwenqabela ukuletha izinto ezithile e-UK. Lezi zinto ezinqatshelwe zihlanganisa izidakamizwa, izibhamu nezinhlamvu ngaphandle kokugunyazwa okufanele kwabaphathi. Ukungenisa izimpahla ezinenani lezentengiselwano elingaphezu kwemikhawulo ethile kungase kudinge isimemezelo kanye nokukhokhwa kwemisebenzi/izintela. Kuyadingeka ukumemezela noma yiziphi izimpahla ezeqa isibonelelo samahhala esibekwe i-HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC). Lokhu kuhlanganisa imikhiqizo kagwayi, utshwala obungaphezu kwemikhawulo ethile, amanani emali angaphezu kuka-€10,000 (noma okulinganayo), kanye nemikhiqizo ethile yokudla efana nenyama noma ubisi. Lapho usuka e-UK, imithetho efanayo iyasebenza ezintweni ezinqatshelwe njengezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni nezibhamu/izikhali ezinomkhawulo. Qaphela ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zasendle noma imikhiqizo yazo evikelwe ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe zingadinga izimvume ezithile zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ukuze kube lula izinqubo zokuhlolwa kwemithwalo ezikhumulweni zezindiza e-UK - kokubili ngesikhathi sokufika nokuhamba - kunconywa ukupakisha imithwalo ngobunono ukuze izinto zomuntu siqu zibonakale kalula ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuphepha. Khumbula ukuthi ungasiphathi isikhwama somunye umuntu ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi siquketheni ngaphambili. Esimeni lapho kuba khona ukudideka noma imibuzo ephathelene nezinqubo zenkambiso noma izimfuneko zamadokhumenti ngenkathi uvakashela/usuka ezakhamuzini zase-United Kingdom kufanele uthinte inombolo yosizo ye-HMRC noma uthintane namawebhusayithi kahulumeni asemthethweni ukuze uthole ulwazi lwakamuva mayelana nezinqubomgomo zentela. Sekukonke, kubalulekile ukuthi uzijwayeze nemithetho yamasiko yase-United Kingdom ngaphambi kokuya lapho njengomhambi ongenayo eletha izimpahla ezweni futhi njengomhambi ophumayo olandela imikhawulo ngenkathi ehamba.

Inqubomgomo yentela yase-United Kingdom yentela yokungenisa kwamanye amazwe ihlose ukulawula kanye nokukhuthaza ukuhwebelana kuyilapho ivikela izimboni zasekhaya. Izwe lisebenza ngaphansi komgomo othi "Isizwe Esithandwa Kakhulu", okusho ukuthi amanani entela afanayo asebenza kuwo wonke amazwe ngaphandle uma kunezivumelwano ezithile zohwebo lwamahhala noma izintandokazi. Izintela zokungenisa zase-UK, ezaziwa nangokuthi imisebenzi yentela noma izintela, zifakwa ezimpahleni ezivela emazweni angewona awe-EU. Kodwa-ke, kulandela inkathi yenguquko ye-Brexit ephele ngo-December 2020, i-UK isungule eyayo izinqubomgomo zokuhweba ezihlukene ne-European Union. Amanani entengo ayahluka kuye ngesigaba sempahla. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokunquma la manani. Enye iwukuthintana ne-Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), ehlinzeka ngamanani ancishisiwe noma angasebenzi emikhiqizweni efanelekile evela emazweni asathuthuka. Enye inketho ibhekisela ohlelweni lwe-UK Global Tariff (UKGT) olwethulwe ngemuva kweBrexit, oluthatha indawo futhi oluphindaphinda kakhulu amanani entengo e-EU. Ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo olusha, ezinye izimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe amanani azo ancishisiwe noma aqedwe ngokuphelele uma kuqhathaniswa nemithetho yangaphambilini ye-EU. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo ethile yezolimo efana nobhanana noma amawolintshi ngeke isabhekana nezindleko zentela lapho ingeniswa e-UK. Ukuze uqonde amanani entela yokungenisa eqondile yomkhiqizo othile noma isigaba sezinto umuntu afisa ukuzingenisa/ukuthekelisa e-United Kingdom, kuyatuseka ukuthi ubhekisele kumawebhusayithi kahulumeni afanelekile njenge-HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) noma ufune usizo lochwepheshe abadayisi abanganikeza ulwazi olunembile nolwakamuva mayelana namacala ngamanye. Kubalulekile ukuthi amabhizinisi abambe iqhaza ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe ne-United Kingdom ahlale enolwazi mayelana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko kuzinqubomgomo zentela njalo ngoba zingathinta izindleko kanye nokuncintisana kukho kokubili ukungenisa nokuthekelisa kwempahla egxile emisebenzini.

I-United Kingdom inenqubomgomo echazwe kahle yentela yezimpahla zayo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Izwe lilandela uhlelo lwe-value-added tax (VAT) ezimpahleni nasezinkonzweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa-ke, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngokuvamile akukalwa nge-zero ngezinjongo ze-VAT, okusho ukuthi ayikho i-VAT ekhokhiswayo ezimpahleni ezithunyelwe. Abathekelisi base-UK bangajabulela izinzuzo ezahlukahlukene ngaphansi kwale nqubomgomo yentela. Okokuqala, ngokungakhokhisi i-VAT emikhiqizweni nasezinkonzweni zabo, abathumeli bangakwazi ukuthenga izimpahla zabo ngendlela ephumelelayo ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Lokhu kusiza ekufukuleni imboni yokuthekelisa kanye nokwandisa amathuba okuhwebelana namanye amazwe. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela le nqubomgomo, abathumeli kwamanye amazwe kufanele bagcine imibhalo efanele kanye nobufakazi bokufakazela ukuthi izimpahla zabo ziphumile endaweni yase-UK. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokugcina amarekhodi emibhalo yokuthumela njengezikweletu zezimpahla noma izikweletu zendiza. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imikhawulo ethile ingase isebenze emikhiqizweni ethile noma emazweni ngenxa yemithethonqubo noma izivumelwano zohwebo. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube nemithetho ekhethekile emikhiqizweni ekhokhiswa intela efana notshwala noma ugwayi. Ukwengeza, kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi nakuba ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngokuvamile kumahhala ezinkokhelweni ze-VAT ngaphakathi kwemakethe yase-UK eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-Great Britain ne-Northern Ireland - kungase kube nezintela zokungenisa ezweni ezikhokhiswa amazwe okuyiwa kuwo angaphandle kwe-EU (ngenxa ye-Brexit). Lezi zindleko ziyahlukahluka kuye ngemithethonqubo nezinqubomgomo zezwe ngalinye eziphathelene nezinto ezithengwayo ezivela emazweni angewona awe-EU. Sekukonke, i-United Kingdom ilwela ukwenza lula ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zentela ezivuna umkhakha wayo wokuthekelisa. Ukukhululwa ku-VAT kuthuthukisa ukuncintisana ezimakethe zomhlaba kuyilapho kuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo zokuthobelana ziyahlangatshezwana nezinqubo ezifanele zokugcina amarekhodi.

I-United Kingdom idume ngemikhiqizo namasevisi ayo asezingeni eliphezulu, adingeka emhlabeni wonke. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zigcina isithunzi sazo futhi zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, izwe lisungule uhlelo oluqinile lokunikeza izitifiketi zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Isitifiketi sokuthekelisa e-United Kingdom sigqugquzelwa ikakhulukazi ama-ejensi kahulumeni afana noMnyango Wezohwebo Lwamazwe Ngamazwe (i-DIT) kanye Nemali Engenayo NeCustoms ye-Her Majesty's (HMRC). Lawa ma-ejensi asebenza ndawonye ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi izimpahla eziqondiswe ezimakethe zakwamanye amazwe zithobela yonke imithethonqubo efanele, izindinganiso zokuphepha, kanye nezimfuneko zamadokhumenti. Isitifiketi esisodwa esibalulekile sokuthumela e-UK Ilayisense Yokuthekelisa. Le layisensi iyadingeka ezimpahleni ezithile ezithathwa njengezibucayi noma ezikhawulelwe ngenxa yezinkinga zokuphepha kuzwelonke noma ezinye izizathu zokulawula. Ilayisensi Yokuthekelisa Iqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zimpahla zithunyelwa ngaphandle ngokuzibophezela, ukugwema noma yimuphi umthelela omubi kubudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe noma ukungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo. Esinye isitifiketi esibalulekile sokuthekelisa sihlanganisa izindinganiso zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi njengezitifiketi zochungechunge lwe-ISO 9000. Lezi zitifiketi zibonisa ukuthi abathumeli bangaphandle base-UK banamathela ezinhlelweni zokuphatha ikhwalithi ezaziwa emhlabeni wonke emikhakheni ehlukahlukene njengokukhiqiza, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo, kanye nokwamukela izihambi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimboni ezithile zidinga izitifiketi ezithile ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthobela imithetho ethile noma amazinga omkhakha. Ngokwesibonelo: - Imikhiqizo yokudla: I-Food Standards Agency (FSA) iqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kokudla kwaseBrithani kuhlangabezana nemithetho yezempilo nenhlanzeko ngezitifiketi ezihlukahlukene ezifana nama-Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP), ama-Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) afana ne-BRC Global Standard for Food Safety noma International Amazinga Afakiwe (IFS). - Izimonyo: Imithetho Yokuphoqelela Imikhiqizo Yezimonyo idinga abathumeli bezimonyo ukuthi balandele izinqubo zokuhlola eziqinile zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuvumela ukuthengiswa kwabo ngaphakathi kwemakethe ye-EU. - Imikhiqizo ye-Organic: I-Soil Association inikeza isitifiketi se-organic ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo yezolimo iyahambisana nezinqubo zokulima ngokwemvelo. - Imboni yezimoto: Izitifiketi ezifana ne-International Automotive Task Force 16949 zibonisa ukuthobela amasistimu okuphatha ikhwalithi enzelwe abakhiqizi bezimoto ngokusobala. Sengiphetha, i-United Kingdom ibeka phambili izitifiketi zokuthekelisa ukuze kugcinwe amazinga ekhwalithi ephezulu kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Ngokusebenzisa ama-ejensi ahlukahlukene kahulumeni asebenzisana eduze namabhizinisi, abathekelisi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zabo zithobela yonke imithetho edingekayo, izindinganiso zokuphepha, kanye nezitifiketi eziqondene nemboni ezithuthukisa ukuncintisana kwabo emakethe yomhlaba.

I-United Kingdom iyizwe elisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeYurophu, elihlanganisa amazwe amane ahlanganisa: iNgilandi, iScotland, iWales kanye neNyakatho ye-Ireland. Inenethiwekhi yezokuthutha ethuthuke kahle eqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla okuphumelelayo nokuthembekile ezweni lonke. Uma kukhulunywa ngokuthumela izimpahla ngaphakathi e-UK, kunezinkampani ezimbalwa ezinconyiwe zempahla okufanele zicatshangelwe. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa: 1. I-DHL: I-DHL inkampani yezokuthutha eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke esebenza emazweni nasezifundeni ezingaphezu kuka-220 emhlabeni wonke. Bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene njengokulethwa okusheshayo, ukuthutha impahla, nezixazululo zezindawo zokugcina impahla. I-DHL inenethiwekhi ebanzi e-UK futhi inikeza izinketho ezithembekile zokuthumela zamabhizinisi. 2. I-UPS: I-UPS ingomunye umdlali omkhulu embonini yezokuthutha enobukhona obuqinile e-United Kingdom. Bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuthumela ngemikhumbi zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe kanye nosizo lokugunyazwa kwempahla. Ngamasistimu okulandelela athuthukile nezinketho zokulethwa okusheshayo, i-UPS iqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zakho zifika lapho ziya khona ngesikhathi. 3. I-FedEx: I-FedEx yaziwa ngobungcweti bayo bomhlaba wonke kwezokuthutha kanye nokuphathwa kwe-supply chain. I-FedEx inikeza izixazululo ezibanzi zezokuthutha ezihlanganisa izinsiza zokuthumela ubusuku bonke, ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ngomoya, kanye nokubonisana ngempahla. Banenethiwekhi ebanzi e-UKfuthi banikeza amabhizinisi ukusekelwa kokugcina kuya ekupheleni. befuna ukuthumela imikhiqizo yabo. 4.I-Royal Mail Freight: I-Royal MailFreight ingenye yezinkampani ezinkulu zeposi nezokusebenza e-UK. Ihlinzeka ngohlu lwezinsiza ezihlanganisa ukulethwa kwamaphasela, ukuphathwa kwembuyiselo yamakhasimende, nokugcwalisa indawo yokugcina impahla. 5.Parcelforce Emhlabeni Wonke:Pacelforce Worldwideissanational couriers service ephethwe ngokuphelele yiRoyalMail Group.Ngokuhlangenwe nakho kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25inezwi lokulethwa kwephasela phakathi kwe-UK nakwamanye amazwe,I-PacelforceEmhlabeni jikeleleihlinzeka ngokwethembeka,ngokushesha, kanye nezinketho zokuthunyelwa kwamakhasimende okuphephile.Uhlelo lwabo lokwesekwa kokuthengiswa kokuthengiswa kwe-inthanethi kanye nokugcinwa kwabo ku-inthanethi. Lezi zinkampani zinerekhodi eliqinile ekuhlinzekeni ngezinsizakalo ezithembekile zezokuthutha ngaphakathi kwe-UK. Ngayinye inikeza uhla lwezixazululo eziklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zakho zilethwa ngokuphepha nangesikhathi. Ngaphambi kokukhetha umhlinzeki wezokuthutha, kuyatuseka ukuthi ucabangele izici ezifana namanani entengo, isivinini sokulethwa, irekhodi lokulandela umkhondo, nokubuyekezwa kwamakhasimende ukuze wenze isinqumo esinolwazi.

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

I-United Kingdom iyikhaya leziteshi nemibukiso edume umhlaba wonke yohwebo, eheha abathengi abaningi ababalulekile bomhlaba. Lezi zinkundla zinikeza amabhizinisi ithuba lokukhangisa imikhiqizo namasevisi awo emhlabeni jikelele. Nazi ezinye zeziteshi ezibalulekile zomhlaba jikelele zokuthengwa kwempahla nemibukiso e-United Kingdom: 1. I-B2B Online Marketplaces: I-UK inezimakethe ze-inthanethi ze-B2B ezimbalwa ezinamandla njenge-Alibaba, i-TradeIndia, i-Global Sources, ne-DHgate. Lezi zinkundla zixhumanisa amabhizinisi emhlabeni wonke, okubavumela ukuthi bakhangise ngemikhiqizo yabo futhi bazibandakanye ekuhwebeni okuqondile nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. 2. Imibukiso yezohwebo: I-United Kingdom isingatha imibukiso yohwebo eminingi eheha abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ababalulekile kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Ezinye izibonelo eziphawulekayo zihlanganisa: a) Umcimbi Womhlaba Wonke Wokudla Neziphuzo (IFE): Njengomcimbi omkhulu kunayo yonke wase-UK wokudla neziphuzo, i-IFE inikeza inkundla abahlinzeki bempahla ukuze baxhumane nabathengisi abahamba phambili, abasabalalisi, abangenisa kwamanye amazwe, abathengisi bezitolo abavela emhlabeni wonke abafuna imikhiqizo emisha yokudla neziphuzo. b) I-London Fashion Week: Omunye wemicimbi yemfashini ehlonishwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ekhombisa bobabili abaklami asebekhulile kanye namakhono abasafufusa avela emhlabeni wonke. Iheha abathengi abaphawulekayo abavela kumaketanga okudayisa okunethezeka abafuna amathrendi emiklamo emisha. c) I-World Travel Market (WTM): Umcimbi ohamba phambili embonini yezokuvakasha lapho abaqhubi bezokuvakasha emhlabeni wonke behlangana nabahlinzeki abanjengamahhotela, izinkampani zezindiza, amabhodi ezokuvakasha njll., ohlinzeka ngenkundla yamathuba okuxhumana kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi. 3. Imibukiso Yamazwe Ngamazwe: I-UK isingatha imibukiso yokuhlonza esebenza njengezizathu zokuhlangana phakathi kwabakhiqizi/abahlinzeki abavela phesheya nabathengi/abathekelisi abazinze e-UK abafuna ukuthola imikhiqizo ethile noma izinto ezisetshenziswayo. Izibonelo zifaka imibukiso ye-fairtrade sourcing egxile ezimpahleni ezisimeme noma emikhakheni ethile efana nezindwangu noma izinto zikagesi. 4. Imicimbi Yokuxhumana: Imicimbi eyahlukene yokuxhumana yenzeka emadolobheni amakhulu kulo lonke elase-UK lapho ochwepheshe bokuthumela kwamanye amazwe bengasungula ukuxhumana nabangase babe ozakwethu noma amakhasimende ahililekile emisebenzini yokuthenga yamazwe ngamazwe. 5. Umnyango Wezohwebo Lwamazwe Ngamazwe (DIT): Ukweseka izinkampani zaseBrithani ezinweba izimakethe zazo zangaphandle, i-DIT ihlela imisebenzi yohwebo futhi iqhubekisele phambili imicimbi yokufanisa ibhizinisi. Izinyathelo ezinjalo zinikeza amathuba abalulekile ezinkampanini zase-UK ukuthi zihlangane nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe futhi zihlole amabhizinisi amasha. 6. I-Chambers of Commerce: Inethiwekhi ye-British Chambers of Commerce iqukethe amakamelo esifunda amaningi ahlela imibukiso yezohwebo, amasemina, nezinkundla zebhizinisi lapho abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe bengaxhumana namabhizinisi endawo anentshisekelo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe. 7. Izinkundla ze-E-commerce: Ukunyuka kwe-e-commerce kuguqule ukuhwebelana emhlabeni jikelele. Amapulatifomu amaningi e-e-commerce adumile ase-UK, njenge-Amazon UK kanye ne-eBay UK, ahlinzeka ngenkundla yabathengisi basekhaya ukuze bafinyelele abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kalula. Sengiphetha, i-United Kingdom inikeza iziteshi zokuthengwa kwempahla zomhlaba wonke ezibalulekile kanye nemibukiso yamabhizinisi afuna ukukhombisa imikhiqizo namasevisi awo emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kusuka ezimakethe eziku-inthanethi kuye emibukisweni yohwebo ekhethekile enikeza imikhakha eyahlukene. Ngalezi zinkundla, amabhizinisi angaxhumana nabathengi ababalulekile bomhlaba wonke abafuna imikhiqizo emisha noma abahlinzeki abavela e-UK. (Qaphela: Impendulo inikezwe ngamagama angama-595.)

Izinjini zokusesha ezijwayelekile

E-United Kingdom, kunezinjini zokusesha ezimbalwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa abantu abathembele kuzo ukuze bathole ulwazi nokuphequlula iwebhu. Nazi ezinye izinjini zokusesha ezidumile e-UK kanye nama-URL wewebhusayithi yazo: 1. I-Google (www.google.co.uk): I-Google iyinjini yokusesha esetshenziswa kakhulu, hhayi e-UK kuphela kodwa emhlabeni jikelele. Inikeza isikhombimsebenzisi esibanzi nesisebenziseka kalula sokuphequlula amakhasi ewebhu, izithombe, amavidiyo, izindatshana zezindaba, nokunye okuningi. 2. I-Bing (www.bing.com): I-Microsoft Bing enye injini yokusesha esetshenziswa kakhulu e-UK. Ihlinzeka ngomuzwa ofanayo ku-Google ngezici zayo ezihlukile njengezithombe zangemuva ezishintsha nsuku zonke. 3. I-Yahoo (www.yahoo.co.uk): Yize i-Yahoo ilahlekelwe isabelo semakethe ku-Google ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isasebenza njengenjini yokusesha edumile e-UK futhi inikeza ngamasevisi ahlukahlukene njenge-imeyili, isihlanganisi sezindaba, ulwazi lwezezimali kanye nosesho lwayo. amakhono. 4. I-DuckDuckGo (i-duckduckgo.com): I-DuckDuckGo iyazihlukanisa kwezinye izinjini zokusesha ngokugcizelela ubumfihlo bomsebenzisi njengoba ingalandeleli noma igcine noma iyiphi idatha yomuntu siqu ngenkathi isesha ku-inthanethi. 5. I-Ecosia (www.ecosia.org): I-Ecosia iyinjini yokusesha evumelana nemvelo esebenzisa inzuzo yayo yezikhangiso ukutshala izihlahla ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi basekele imizamo yokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi ngokusebenzisa isevisi yabo. 6.Yandex(www.yandex.com) I-Yandex yinkampani ye-inthanethi edumile yase-Russian ehlinzeka ngamasevisi ambalwa aku-inthanethi okuhlanganisa ithuluzi elinamandla lokusesha iwebhu elifana nezinye izinjini zokusesha ezihamba phambili. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi nakuba lezi ezinye zezinketho ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekusesheni iziphequluli ezisekelwe e-UK; abasebenzisi bangaphinda bafinyelele ezinye izinjini zokusesha ezigxile ezweni elithile noma ezigxile kakhulu ngokuya ngokuthanda kwabo kanye nezidingo zabo.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

Amakhasi aphuzi ayinhloko e-United Kingdom ahlanganisa okulandelayo: 1. I-Yell (www.yell.com): I-Yell ingenye yezinkomba ezidume kakhulu ze-inthanethi e-United Kingdom. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi nemininingwane yokuxhumana yamabhizinisi kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. 2. I-Thomson Local (www.thomsonlocal.com): I-Thomson Local ingenye inkomba eyaziwa kakhulu ehlinzeka ngolwazi ngamabhizinisi endawo, izinsizakalo, nezinkampani zase-UK. 3. 192.com (www.192.com): I-192.com inikeza uhla lwemibhalo oluphelele lwabantu, amabhizinisi, nezindawo zase-UK. Ikuvumela ukuthi useshe abantu noma izinkampani zisebenzisa amagama noma izindawo zabo. 4. I-Scoot (www.scoot.co.uk): I-Scoot iwuhlu lwemibhalo yebhizinisi eku-inthanethi equkethe isizindalwazi esikhulu samabhizinisi endawo namasevisi kuzo zonke izifunda ezihlukene e-UK. 5. Incwadi Yefoni ka-BT (www.thephonebook.bt.com): Iwebhusayithi ye-BT yencwadi yocingo esemthethweni inikeza isevisi yohla lwemibhalo eku-inthanethi lapho ungathola khona imininingwane yokuxhumana yabantu ngabanye namabhizinisi kulo lonke elase-United Kingdom. 6. Isivakashi Sedolobha (www.cityvisitor.co.uk): Isivakashi Sedolobha siwumthombo ohamba phambili wokuthola ulwazi lwendawo olufana nezindawo zokudlela, amahhotela, izindawo ezikhangayo, izitolo, kanye nezinsiza emadolobheni ase-UK yonkana. 7. Thinta Local (www.touchlocal.com): I-Touch Local inikeza ukufakwa kuhlu kwezitolo namasevisi ahlukahlukene ngokusekelwe endaweni engaphakathi kwamadolobha ahlukene e-United Kingdom. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa zamakhasi aphuzi atholakala e-UK, futhi kungase kube nezinye iziqondisi zesifunda noma ezikhethekile eziqondene ngqo nezindawo ezithile noma izimboni ngaphakathi kwezwe.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

Kunezinkundla ezimbalwa ezinkulu ze-e-commerce e-United Kingdom. Nalu uhlu lwabathile abavelele kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi yabo: 1. Amazon UK: www.amazon.co.uk I-Amazon ingenye yezinkundla ezinkulu ze-e-commerce emhlabeni wonke, ehlinzeka ngemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo eziningi. 2. eBay UK: www.ebay.co.uk I-eBay iyindawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi edumile lapho abantu namabhizinisi bengathenga futhi bathengise izinto ezahlukahlukene. 3. ASOS: www.asos.com I-ASOS igxile emfashinini nasezimpahleni, ihlinzeka ngezingubo eziningi ezisemfashinini, izicathulo, izesekeli, njll. 4. UJohn Lewis: www.johnlewis.com UJohn Lewis waziwa ngemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu kuzo zonke izigaba ezahlukahlukene njengempahla yasendlini, izinto zikagesi, imfashini, njll. 5. Tesco: www.tesco.com I-Tesco ingelinye lamaketanga esuphamakethe ahamba phambili e-UK elinikeza nokukhethwa okubanzi kokudla okuku-inthanethi. 6. I-Argos: www.argos.co.uk I-Argos isebenza njengesitolo somzimba kanye nomthengisi we-inthanethi oqukethe imikhiqizo eyahlukene kusukela kogesi kuye ifenisha. 7. Kakhulu: www.very.co.uk Ihlinzeka kakhulu ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zemfashini ezithengekayo zamadoda, abesifazane, nezingane kanye nezinto zikagesi nezimpahla zasekhaya. 8. AO.com: www.AO.com Isebenza ngokukhethekile ezintweni zasendlini ezifana nemishini yokuwasha noma iziqandisi ngamanani ancintisanayo. 9.Currys PC World : www.currys.ie/ I-Currys PC World inikeza amagajethi e-elekthronikhi njengamakhompyutha aphathekayo, omakhalekhukhwini amakhamera Izipikha ze-Bluetooth njll. 10.Etsy :www.Etsy .com/uk I-Etsy isebenza njengendawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi yemisebenzi yezandla eyingqayizivele, izingcezu zakudala, nezinye izinto zokudala. Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa phakathi kwezinye izinkundla ze-e-commerce ezitholakala e-United Kingdom ezibhekelela izidingo nezintshisekelo ezahlukene zamakhasimende.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

I-United Kingdom ihlinzeka ngezinkundla zokuxhumana eziningi ukuze izakhamizi zayo kanye nezakhamuzi zihlanganyele nazo. Nazi ezinye ezidumile kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi ahambisanayo: 1. I-Facebook: Njengenye yezingosi zokuxhumana ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, i-Facebook ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baxhumane, babelane ngokuqukethwe, bajoyine amaqembu, futhi baxhumane ngombhalo noma ngezingcingo zevidiyo. (Iwebhusayithi: www.facebook.com) 2. Twitter: Inkundla ye-microblogging lapho abasebenzisi bangathumela khona imilayezo emifushane ebizwa ngokuthi ama-tweets. Isetshenziselwa kakhulu izibuyekezo zezindaba, ukulandela abantu noma izinhlangano zomphakathi, nokwabelana ngemicabango noma imibono ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene. (Iwebhusayithi: www.twitter.com) 3. I-Instagram: Inkundla yokwabelana ngesithombe nevidiyo lapho abasebenzisi bangalayisha khona okuqukethwe okuhambisana namagama-ncazo nama-hashtag. Yaziwa ngemvelo yayo ebonakalayo futhi inikeza izici ezinjengezindaba, izihlungi, imilayezo eqondile, nezinketho zokuthenga. (Iwebhusayithi: www.instagram.com) 4. I-LinkedIn: Ingosi yokuxhumana yobungcweti eyenza abantu bakwazi ukwenza amaphrofayili abonisa amakhono abo, ulwazi lomsebenzi, imininingwane yemfundo kuyilapho bexhumana nozakwabo emikhakheni efanayo noma behlola amathuba emisebenzi.(Iwebhusayithi: www.linkedin.com) 5. I-Snapchat: Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lwemiyalezo ye-multimedia ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathumele izithombe noma amavidiyo anyamalalayo abizwa ngokuthi "i-snaps" ngokuqondile kubangani noma bawengeze njengezindaba ezibonakala amahora angu-24 kuphela.(Iwebhusayithi: www.snapchat.com) I-6.TikTok:I-TikTok iyinkundla lapho abasebenzisi bengakha khona amavidiyo amafushane asethelwe emculweni kusukela kuma-comedy skits kuye kwezinselele zokudansa(Iwebhusayithi:www.tiktok.com). 7.Reddit:Iwebhusayithi yezingxoxo ehlukaniswe imiphakathi eyahlukene eyaziwa ngokuthi "ama-subreddits." Abasebenzisi babelana ngokuthunyelwe ngezihloko ezahlukahlukene ezivumela izingxoxo ngokubeka amazwana kulokhu okuthunyelwe.(Iwebhusayithi:www.reddit.com). 8.WhatsApp:Uhlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo olunikeza ukuxhumana okuvikelekile okubethelwe ngasemaphethelweni okuvumela imiyalezo, ukuthumela amanothi ezwi, nokwenza amakholi ezwi/evidiyo(iwebhusayithi:www.whatsapp.com). 9.Pinterest:Injini yokubona ebonakalayo esetshenziselwa ukuthola imibono ezintweni ezithakaselwayo ezahlukahlukene njengokupheka, imfashini, ukuhlobisa ikhaya, ukufaneleka.Abasebenzisi bangagcina, babelane, futhi bathole imiqondo emisha ngezithombe namavidiyo. (Iwebhusayithi: www.pinterest.com) 10.YouTube:Inkundla yokwabelana ngamavidiyo lapho abasebenzisi bengalayisha khona futhi babukele inqwaba yokuqukethwe okuhlanganisa amavidiyo omculo, ama-vlog, okokufundisa, nokunye okuqukethwe okukhiqizwa ngabasebenzisi.(Iwebhusayithi:www.youtube.com) Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukutholakala nokuduma kwalezi zinkundla zokuxhumana kungase kwehluke kuye ngokuthandwa ngabanye namathrendi.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

I-United Kingdom iyikhaya lezinhlangano eziningi zezimboni ezimele imikhakha eyahlukene. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano ezinkulu zemboni ezweni, kanye namawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Confederation of British Industry (CBI) - I-CBI iyinhlangano yamabhizinisi eyinhloko yase-UK, emele izinkampani ezivela ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Iwebhusayithi yabo ithi: https://www.cbi.org.uk/ 2. Inhlangano Yamabhizinisi Amancane (FSB) - I-FSB imele amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi, iwahlinzeka ngezwi nokwesekwa ukuze aphumelele emhlabeni wamabhizinisi. Bheka iwebhusayithi yabo ku-: https://www.fsb.org.uk/ 3. I-British Chambers of Commerce (BCC) - I-BCC ihlanganisa inethiwekhi yamagumbi endawo e-UK yonkana, esekela amabhizinisi futhi igqugquzela ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Vakashela iwebhusayithi yabo: https://www.britishchambers.org.uk/ 4. I-Manufacturing Technologies Association (MTA) - I-MTA imele abakhiqizi ababambe iqhaza kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obusekelwe kubunjiniyela, enikeza ukwesekwa kokusungula nokukhula kulo mkhakha. Thola ulwazi oluthe xaxa kuwebhusayithi yabo: https://www.mta.org.uk/ 5. I-Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) - I-SMMT isebenza njengezwi lemboni yezimoto e-UK, iphromotha izintshisekelo zayo ezingeni likazwelonke nelamazwe ngamazwe. Funda kabanzi ngabo lapha: https://www.smmt.co.uk/ 6. I-National Farmers' Union (NFU) - I-NFU imele abalimi nabalimi kulo lonke elaseNgilandi naseWales, esebenzela ukuqinisekisa umkhakha wokulima onenzuzo noqhubekayo kulezi zifunda. Hlola iwebhusayithi yabo ku-: https://www.nfuonline.com/ 7. I-Hospitality UK - I-HospitalityUK ihlose ukulwela amabhizinisi okwamukela izihambi ngokunikeza izinsiza ezifana nokuqeqeshwa, ulwazi lwemithethonqubo, isiqondiso sokuqashwa njll. Ukuze wazi okwengeziwe ngabo vakashela-https://businessadvice.co.uk/advice/fundraising/everything-small-business-owners-need-to-know-about-crowdfunding/. 8.Creative Industries Federation- Le nhlangano imelela umkhakha wezimboni zobuciko, ithuthukisa ukubaluleka kwayo kwezomnotho namasiko. Iwebhusayithi yabo ithi: https://www.creativeindustriesfederation.com/ Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje zezinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni e-UK. Baningi abanye ababhekelela imikhakha ethize njengobuchwepheshe, ezezimali, ezempilo, nokunye.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa ezomnotho nezohwebo ahlobene ne-United Kingdom ahlinzeka ngolwazi nezisetshenziswa zamabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye. Nazi ezinye zazo kanye nezixhumanisi zewebhusayithi yazo: 1. I-Gov.uk: Le webhusayithi esemthethweni kahulumeni wase-UK inikeza ulwazi olubanzi mayelana nezici ezihlukahlukene zebhizinisi, ezohwebo, kanye nezomnotho ezweni. (https://www.gov.uk/) 2. UMnyango Wezohwebo Lwamazwe Ngamazwe (DIT): I-DIT isebenzela ukukhuthaza uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kanye namathuba okutshalwa kwezimali kumabhizinisi ase-UK. Iwebhusayithi yabo inikeza isiqondiso, amathuluzi, nemibiko yemakethe yamabhizinisi afuna ukwanda emhlabeni jikelele. (https://www.great.gov.uk/) 3. I-British Chambers of Commerce: I-British Chambers of Commerce imele inethiwekhi ebanzi yamakamelo endawo e-UK yonkana, ehlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zosekelo futhi imele izintshisekelo zebhizinisi kumazinga endawo, kazwelonke, namazwe ngamazwe. (https://www.britishchambers.org.uk/) 4. I-Institute of Export & International Trade: Le nhlangano yobulungu yobungcweti inikeza imfundo, izinhlelo zokuqeqesha, izinsizakalo zezeluleko, namathuba okuxhumana enethiwekhi ahlobene nohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kubantu noma izinkampani ezihilelekile ekuthumeleni noma ekungeniseni izimpahla noma izinsizakalo zisuka/ziya e-UK. (https://www.export.org.uk/) 5. I-HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC): Njengomnyango kahulumeni onomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqoqa izintela e-UK, i-HMRC inikeza isiqondiso esidingekayo ngezinqubo zenkambiso ehlobene nokungenisa/ukuthumela izinto kanye nezinye izindaba zezezimali. (https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/hm-revenue-customs) 6.I-London Stock Exchange Group: I-stock exchange ehamba phambili eYurophu inekhasi layo lewebhu elizinikele elihlinzeka ngolwazi ngemithetho yokufakwa kuhlu kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezisekelwayo ezihlanganisa nosizo lobuchwepheshe. (https://www.lseg.com/markets-products-and-services/business-services/group-business-services/london-stock-exchange/listing/taking-your-company-public/how-list-uk ). 7.UK Trade Tariff Online: Isetshenziswa yi-HM Revenue & Customs ngaphansi kwegunya loMgcinimafa Wobukhosi Bakhe; iqoqo eliyinkimbinkimbi lemithetho yentela okumele abangenisi nabathumela ngaphandle bayilandele lapho behweba izimpahla e-UK. (https://www.gov.uk/trade-tariff) Lawa mawebhusayithi anikezela ngezinsiza eziningi ezahlukene ukuze asekele amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye abanentshisekelo kwezomnotho nezohwebo zase-United Kingdom.

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa anemibuzo yokuhweba atholakalayo e-United Kingdom. Nalu uhlu lwabathile abavelele kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi yabo: 1. Ulwazi Lwezohwebo lwase-UK - Le webhusayithi esemthethweni ye-HM Revenue & Customs inikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngezibalo zohwebo lwase-UK, ukungenisa, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kanye nezigaba zentela. I-URL: https://www.uktradeinfo.com/ 2. Ihhovisi Lezibalo Zikazwelonke (i-ONS) - I-ONS ihlinzeka ngezibalo zohwebo eziphelele ezihlanganisa ukuhwebelana kwezimpahla nemisebenzi, ukuthekelisa kanye nedatha yokungenisa, kanye nokuhlaziywa kohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. I-URL: https://www.ons.gov.uk/businessindustryandtrade/internationaltrade 3. Umnyango Wezohwebo Lwamazwe Ngamazwe (DIT) - I-DIT inikeza amathuluzi obuhlakani bemakethe kanye nokufinyelela kumathuba okuhweba omhlaba ngokusebenzisa inkundla yayo "Thola Amathuba Wokuthekelisa". I-URL: https://www.great.gov.uk/ 4. I-Trading Economics - Le nkundla inikeza izinkomba zezomnotho omkhulu, amanani okushintshanisa, izinkomba zemakethe yamasheya, isivuno sebhondi kahulumeni, kanye namanye amaphuzu edatha ezomnotho ahlukahlukene ahlanganisa umnotho wase-United Kingdom. I-URL: https://tradingeconomics.com/united-kingdom 5. I-World Integrated Trade Solution (i-WITS) - Isizindalwazi se-WITS sinikeza ukufinyelela kudatha egcwele yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe oluvela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene. Abasebenzisi bangabuza idatha ethile yezinga lezwe noma izinga lomkhiqizo yase-United Kingdom. I-URL: https://wits.worldbank.org/ Sicela uqaphele ukuthi nakuba lawa mawebhusayithi enikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ngedatha yokuhweba yase-UK, kuhle ukuthi ubuyekeze imithombo eminingi ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba nokuthembeka kolwazi olunikeziwe.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

E-United Kingdom, kunezinkundla ezimbalwa ze-B2B ezixhumanisa amabhizinisi futhi zenze kube lula ukuthengiselana kwezentengiso. Nawa amanye amapulatifomu e-B2B avelele e-UK kanye namakheli abo ewebhusayithi: 1. I-Alibaba.com UK: Njengendawo yemakethe ye-B2B yomhlaba wonke, i-Alibaba.com inikeza inkundla yamabhizinisi ukuthi axhume, ahwebe ngemikhiqizo, futhi athole abahlinzeki abavela emhlabeni wonke. (https://www.alibaba.com/) 2. I-Amazon Business UK: Isandiso se-Amazon esiklanyelwe amabhizinisi ngokukhethekile, Ibhizinisi le-Amazon lixhumanisa abathengi nabathengisi kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene ngokunikeza izici ezifana noku-oda kwenqwaba, amanani entengo ebhizinisi kuphela, nezaphulelo ezikhethekile. (https://business.amazon.co.uk/) 3. I-Thomasnet UK: I-Thomasnet iyinkundla ehamba phambili embonini exhumanisa abathengi nabahlinzeki emikhakheni eminingi yase-United Kingdom. Inikeza amandla okuthola umkhiqizo kanye namathuluzi okuthola abahlinzeki kanye nemininingwane yenkampani enemininingwane. (https://www.thomasnet.com/uk/) 4. I-Global Sources UK: I-Global Sources ingenye imakethe ye-inthanethi ye-B2B edumile exhuma abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe nabahlinzeki ngokuyinhloko abazinze e-Asia kodwa futhi ihlanganisa izinkampani ezivela kwezinye izifunda emhlabeni wonke.(https://www.globalsources.com/united-kingdom) 5. I-EWorldTrade UK: I-EWorldTrade isebenza njengendawo yemakethe ye-B2B eku-inthanethi egqugquzela ukuhwebelana phakathi kwamabhizinisi ase-British kanye nozakwethu bamazwe ngamazwe kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezindwangu, izinto zikagesi, imishini, njll.(https://www.eeworldtrade.uk/) 6.TradeIndiaUK I-TradeIndia iyinkundla ye-inthanethi ebanzi ehlanganisa abathumeli/abahlinzeki bempahla bamaNdiya nabathengisi/abathengi bomhlaba wonke engaba usizo nasemikhakheni eminingana yase-United Kingdom. (https://uk.tradeindia.com/) Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lolu hlu lumelela kuphela izinketho ezithile ezidumile phakathi kwezinkundla eziningi ze-B2B ezitholakalayo e-United Kingdom ezisiza ukuhwebelana kwebhizinisi kuya kwebhizinisi ngendlela ephumelelayo kuyilapho zisekela izinhlelo zokuhweba eziwela imingcele.