More

TogTok

Izimakethe Eziyinhloko
right
Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
I-India, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhulikhi yaseNdiya, iyizwe laseNingizimu Asia elitholakala ezwenikazi laseNdiya. Njengoba inabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.3, iyizwe lesibili elinabantu abaningi emhlabeni futhi lingelesikhombisa ngobukhulu ngokwendawo. I-India yabelana ngemingcele yayo namazwe amaningana ahlanganisa iPakistan enyakatho-ntshonalanga, iChina neNepal enyakatho, iBhutan enyakatho-mpumalanga, neBangladesh neMyanmar empumalanga. I-India inamasiko ahlukahlukene anezinhlanga ezihlukene ezingaphezu kuka-2,000 kanye nezilimi ezingaphezu kuka-1,600 ezikhulunywa kuzo zonke izifunda zayo. IsiHindi nesiNgisi zihlonishwa njengezilimi ezisemthethweni ezingeni likazwelonke. Izwe linomlando ocebile osukela ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka. Kwakuyikhaya lempucuko endala kakhulu emlandweni - i-Indus Valley Civilization - eyaqala cishe ngo-2500 BCE. Kuwo wonke umlando wayo, i-India yabona izinkulungwane zemibuso iphakama yehle ngaphambi kokuba ibuswe imibuso ehlukene yaseYurophu kusukela kubahloli bamazwe basePutukezi ngekhulu le-15. I-India yathola inkululeko ngaphansi kombuso wamaNgisi ngo-Agasti 15, 1947 ngemuva kweminyaka yomzabalazo owawuholwa abaholi abanombono onjengoMahatma Gandhi. Yamukela umthetho-sisekelo wentando yeningi ngoJanuwari 1950 owawumisa njengeriphabhuliki yezwe. Namuhla i-India yaziwa ngentando yeningi ephilayo ngokhetho olujwayelekile olubanjwa kuwo wonke amazinga kahulumeni. Ilokhu ibhekene nokukhula ngokushesha komnotho kusukela ekukhululweni kwayo ekuqaleni kwawo-1990 okuholele ekutheni ichazwe njengomnotho wemakethe osafufusa. Izwe futhi liziqhayisa ngamagugu amasiko amangalisayo akhonjiswa ngezindlela zobuciko ezahlukahlukene njengomdanso (i-Bharatnatyam, i-Kathakali), umculo (i-Hindustani classical), izincwadi (ezisebenza ngu-Rabindranath Tagore), ukudla (izidlo zesifunda ezahlukahlukene njenge-biryani) phakathi kokunye. Nokho, i-India nayo ibhekene nezinselelo ezinjengokunciphisa ubumpofu; ukuthuthukiswa kwezemfundo; ukuqiniswa kwengqalasizinda yezokunakekelwa kwempilo njll., Noma kunjalo imizamo kahulumeni igxile ekubhekaneni nalezi zinkinga ekukhuleni okubandakanyayo kwazo zonke izigaba zomphakathi. Sengiphetha, i-India iyizwe elihlukahlukene elinomlando oziqhenyayo, intando yeningi ephilayo, ukukhula ngokushesha komnotho, kanye namagugu abalulekile amasiko. Ngobuningi bayo besibalo sabantu namandla aguquguqukayo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, i-India iyaqhubeka nokubumba ikusasa lesifunda saseNingizimu Asia kanye nesimo somhlaba wonke.
Imali Yezwe
I-India, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iRiphabhulikhi yaseNdiya, inohlobo lwemali lwayo oluhlukile olubizwa nge-Indian Rupee (INR). I-Indian Rupee ikhishwa futhi ilawulwa yi-Reserve Bank of India, okuyisikhungo samabhange esimaphakathi sezwe esibhekele izinqubomgomo zezimali. Uphawu lwe-Indian Rupee luyi- ₹ futhi luboniswa ngekhodi yohlobo lwemali "INR". Yethulwa ngo-1540 AD ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaSher Shah Suri, le mali inomlando omude. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuye kwenziwa izinguquko ezihlukahlukene nezinguquko ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza nokuvikeleka kwayo. Amanothi aseNdiya afika ngamahlelo ahlukene okuhlanganisa ama-Rs.10, ama-Rs.20, ama-Rs.50, ama-Rs.100, ama-Rs.200, ama-Rs.500, kanye nama-Rs.2000 amanothi asakazwayo njengamanje. Ihlelo ngalinye lihlanganisa abantu abavelele abavela kumagugu acebile ase-India kanye nezimpawu zendawo ezibalulekile kuzo. Izinhlamvu zemali ziphinde zisetshenziswe njengamahlelo amancane e-INR njengohlamvu lwemali lwe-rupee elingu-1 kanye nezinhlamvu zemali zamanani amancane njenge-paise engu-50 noma i-rupee ehhafu (yize izinhlamvu zemali ezingaphansi kwe-rupee engu-1 zimbalwa manje ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla emali). AmaNdiya asebenzisa ukheshi kabanzi uma enza izinto zansuku zonke; kodwa-ke, izindlela zokukhokha nge-elekthronikhi ezifana namakhadi esikweletu/edebhithi noma izikhwama zamaselula bezilokhu zithola ukuduma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iNdiya iyizwe elikhulu elinamasiko nezilimi ezinhlobonhlobo; ngakho-ke, izilimi ezahlukahlukene ezikhulunywa ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zingatholakala kwamanye amabhange akhombisa ubumbano phakathi kokuhlukahluka. Sekukonke, i-Indian Rupee idlala indima enkulu ekusizeni ukuhwebelana ngaphakathi kwe-India kuyilapho futhi yamukelwa emhlabeni wonke ngezinjongo zokushintshanisa ngemali yangaphandle. I-India.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali esemthethweni yaseNdiya yi-Indian Rupee (INR). Ngokuqondene nezilinganiso zokushintshanisa ngemali yezimali zomhlaba ezinkulu, sicela uqaphele ukuthi zingahluka futhi kuhle kakhulu ukubhekisela emthonjeni onokwethenjelwa ukuze uthole idatha yesikhathi sangempela. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngoNovemba 2021, nanka amanani okushintshanisa abonisayo: - I-US Dollar (USD) ≈ 75.5 INR - 1 Euro (EUR) ≈ 88.3 INR - I-British Pound Sterling (GBP) ≈ 105.2 INR - 1 Yen YaseJapane (JPY) ≈ 0.68 INR - I-Canadian Dollar (CAD) ≈ 59.8 INR Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lawa manani ayahlawumbisela kuphela futhi angase aguquguquke ngokusekelwe ezicini ezihlukahlukene ezifana nezimo zemakethe namathrendi ezomnotho.
Amaholide Abalulekile
I-India iyizwe elihlukahlukene eligubha imikhosi eminingi ebalulekile unyaka wonke. Le mikhosi ikhombisa amagugu acebile amasiko kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwenkolo kwesizwe. Eminye yemikhosi ebaluleke kakhulu eNdiya ihlanganisa: 1. I-Diwali - Eyaziwa nangokuthi uMkhosi Wezibani, i-Diwali ingenye yemikhosi egujwa kakhulu e-India. Lifanekisela ukunqoba kokukhanya phezu kobumnyama nokuhle phezu kokubi. Abantu bakhanyisa amakhaya abo ngezibani, iziqhumane eziqhumayo, ukuphana izipho, nokuzitika ngamadili. 2. I-Holi - Eyaziwa ngokuthi uMkhosi Wemibala, i-Holi iphawula ukufika kwentwasahlobo e-India. Kulo mkhosi obudlangile, abantu bajikijelana ngempushana enombala kanye namanzi ngesikhathi bedansela umculo wesintu. Imele uthando, ubungane, neziqalo ezintsha. 3. I-Eid-ul-Fitr - Igujwa amaSulumane kulo lonke elase-India, i-Eid-ul-Fitr iphawula ukuphela kweRamadan (isikhathi esiyinyanga sokuzila ukudla). Abazinikele benza imithandazo kuma-mosque, bavakashele abangani nemindeni beshintshisana ngamaswidi noma izipho ukuze bagubhe lesi senzakalo esimnandi. 4. I-Ganesh Chaturthi - Lo mkhosi wamaHindu wezinsuku ezingu-10 uhlonipha iNkosi uGanesha - uNkulunkulu onekhanda lendlovu ohlotshaniswa nokuhlakanipha nokuchuma. Izithombe ezimelela iNkosi uGanesha zifakwa ezindlini noma ezindaweni zomphakathi ukuze zikhulekelwe ngalezi zinsuku eziyishumi ngaphambi kokuba zicwiliswe emanzini. 5.I-Navratri/Durga Puja- Navratri (okusho "ubusuku obuyisishiyagalolunye") inikezelwe kunkulunkulukazi uDurga ofanekisela amandla nobungqabavu obufazi.Umkhosi uhlanganisa izingoma zokuzinikela, amakhonsathi okudansa, nokuzila ukudla ubusuku obuyisishiyagalolunye obulandelanayo obulandelwa yi-Vijayadashami, usuku. lapho umfanekiso omelela amandla amabi (iDemoni Ravana) ushiswa obonisa ukunqoba okubi. Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa emikhosini eminingi egujwa ezifundeni ezahlukene e-India.Imikhosi ehlukahlukene ihlanganisa abantu abavela kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila ndawonye, ​​bafakazele ubunye babo phakathi nokuhlukahlukana.Igqamisa indlela amasiko, umphakathi, nezinkolo okuphilisana ngayo ngokuzwana kulokhu. izwe elimangalisayo.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
I-India iyizwe elikhulu futhi elihlukahlukene eliseNingizimu Asia. Ingenye yezomnotho ezikhula ngokushesha kakhulu emhlabeni, ezinomnotho oxubile ohlanganisa ezolimo, izimboni nezinkonzo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-India ibe nokukhula okuphawulekayo kwezohwebo kwamanye amazwe. Manje isithathwa njengomunye wabadlali abakhulu ohlelweni lokuhweba lomhlaba wonke. Isamba semali yokuhweba okuthengiswayo ezweni salinganiselwa ku- $855 billion ngo-2019. Imikhiqizo yaseNdiya ehamba phambili ihlanganisa imikhiqizo kaphethiloli, amagugu nobucwebe, izindwangu nezingubo, amakhemikhali, imithi, izimpahla zobunjiniyela, nemikhiqizo yezolimo efana nerayisi nezinongo. I-India yaziwa nangomkhakha wayo wezindwangu zikakotini osezingeni eliphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iNdiya ingenisa impahla ehlukahlukene ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zayo zasekhaya. Izinto ezithengwayo ezivela kwamanye amazwe zibandakanya uphethiloli kanye nemikhiqizo kawoyela ongahluziwe, izinto zikagesi ezifana nama-smartphones kanye nezingxenye zekhompuyutha zehadiwe/isoftware efana nama-semiconductors njll., imishini (okuhlanganisa nemishini kagesi), amalahle/amanye amafutha aqinile (ikakhulukazi aluhlaza noma acutshunguliwe), amakhemikhali/IMIKHIQIZO YECHEMICAL (ngokufanayo kwezinye izingxenye zikagesi) kanye nezinsimbi eziyigugu/i-silverware/i-cutlery phakathi kwezinye. Ozakwethu abakhulu bokungenisa impahla yi-China eyenza cishe u-14% wayo yonke impahla yaseNdiya ethengwayo ngenxa yemishini/impahla esetshenziswa abakhiqizi baseNdiya abavela e-China bese kulandelwa i-USA ne-UAE. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe uhwebo lwayo emhlabeni wonke kuqhubekisela phambili izivumelwano zokuhweba ngokukhululekile ezisayinwa yi-India okuhlanganisa nezivumelwano namazwe afana ne-Japan/South Korea/Amazwe afanayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubambisana kwamazwe amabili okungawasiza ngokwepolitiki ngokwepolitiki nangokwezomnotho ukuwasiza ngokwezimali noma olwazini. ukwabelana ngobuchwepheshe/ukuphepha/ubugebengu-kwezempi/umphathi-weba-ihhashi/ukuzivikela-noma-ukuhlangana-nokuhlasela-ubuphekula I-Afrika inikezela ngamathuba amahle okwandisa ibhizinisi/umsebenzi wokuthekelisa-wokuthekelisa ngenxa yezinsiza zayo ezinkulu kodwa nokho izimakethe ezingakasetshenziswa i-Afrika okuhlanganisa amazwe aseningizimu: iNingizimu Afrika/Nigeria njll Uhulumeni uphinde wathatha izinyathelo ezinjengokusetshenziswa Kwentela Yezimpahla Nezinkonzo (GST) ukuze enze izinqubo zentela zibe lula esiza ukuthuthukisa ukwenza ibhizinisi kalula ne-India. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo ezifana ne-"Make in India" zithuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya futhi zihehe ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwamanye amazwe. Sekukonke, isimo sezohwebo saseNdiya sibonisa indima yalo ekhulayo emnothweni womhlaba. Izwe liyaqhubeka nokugxila ekwandiseni ukuthunyelwa kwalo kwamanye amazwe kanye nokwehlukanisa abalingani balo bezohwebo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula komnotho okusimeme.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
I-India, njengomunye weminotho ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu emhlabeni, inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Indawo ekahle yezwe ezimpambanweni zemigwaqo yase-Asia kanye nemakethe yayo enkulu yasekhaya iyenza ibe indawo ekhangayo yamabhizinisi omhlaba. I-India inezimboni ezihlukene, ezihlanganisa izinsizakalo ze-IT, ezemithi, izindwangu, ezokukhiqiza izimoto, nezolimo. Le mikhakha ihlinzeka ngamathuba amaningi kubatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe ukuthi basebenzise isisekelo sabathengi abaningi baseNdiya kanye nabasebenzi abanamakhono. Ukwengeza, intsha yaseNdiya enesigaba esiphakathi ekhulayo iveza umbono omuhle wemakethe wesikhathi esizayo. Uhulumeni usebenzise izinqubomgomo ezimbalwa zokugqugquzela ukwanda kohwebo lwangaphandle. Imizamo efana ne-"Make in India" ihlose ukuthuthukisa amakhono okukhiqiza nokuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali ngokwenza izinqubo zibe lula nokudala indawo evumelana nebhizinisi. Ukwethulwa Kwentela Yezimpahla Nezinkonzo (i-GST) yenze lula izinqubo zentela futhi kwathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla yasekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthuka kwengqalasizinda yedijithali kusize ukukhula kwe-e-commerce kuyo yonke imikhakha ehlukahlukene efana nezitolo, ezokuvakasha nezokungenisa izihambi, nezinsizakalo zezezimali. Ukusetshenziswa okusabalele kwama-smartphone kubhebhethekise isidingo sezinkundla zokuthenga eziku-inthanethi ezifana ne-Amazon India ne-Flipkart. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-India ibamba iqhaza ngokugcwele ebudlelwaneni bezomnotho besifunda ukuze yandise amathuba ayo okuthumela impahla. Iyilungu lazo zombili isivumelwano se-ASEAN-India Free Trade Area (AIFTA) kanye ne-Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), ehlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwala mathemba athembisayo, izinselelo ezithile zisasele kubahwebi bangaphandle abahlose ukungena emakethe yaseNdiya. Imithetho eyinkimbinkimbi efana nentela yempahla ephumayo idinga ukwenziwa lula okwengeziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Izikhala zengqalasizinda ezinhlelweni zokuthutha nazo zidinga ukubhekwana nazo ukuze kube lula ukuhamba kahle kwezimpahla ezweni. Sengiphetha, ngesidingo sayo sasekhaya esinamandla esigqugquzelwa abantu abasha kanye nezinhlelo ezahlukene zikahulumeni okuhloswe ngazo ukukhulula ukwenza ibhizinisi; I-Indiaindia inikeza amathuba amahle kubathengisi abafuna izimakethe ezintsha. Naphezu kwezithiyo ezithile okufanele zinqotshwe, amathuba avela ngokutshala imali ekuthunyelweni kwe-Indian makhulu. Amabhizinisi aphesheya kufanele ahlole ngokucophelela ukuguquguquka kwemakethe yase-India futhi alungise amasu awo ukuze akhulise amandla e-India okukhula kohwebo lwangaphandle lwesikhathi eside.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo edumile yemakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yase-India, kukhona okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile okumbalwa okungasiza ukuqondisa inqubo yakho yokuthatha izinqumo. Imakethe yaseNdiya yaziwa ngesisekelo sayo sabathengi esihlukahlukene kanye nezintandokazi zamasiko, ngakho-ke ukuzivumelanisa nokuthanda kwabo kubalulekile. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-India inesigaba esiphakathi esikhulayo esikhulayo ngemali engenayo etholakalayo. Lokhu kuveza ithuba lokukhomba imakethe ngezimpahla zabathengi ezithengekayo kodwa ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Imikhiqizo efana nogesi, ama-smartphones, izinto zasendlini, nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu ibone ukukhula okuphawulekayo eminyakeni yakamuva. Ukwengeza, umkhakha wokudayisa wendabuko waseNdiya usadlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni wezwe. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha imikhiqizo elungele ukudayiswa ngamashaneli angaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi njengezitolo ezincane nezimakethe zendawo kungaba inzuzo. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi izinto zokudla njengezinongo nezinongo, izindwangu ezifana nezingubo zomdabu (amasayiri), imisebenzi yezandla efana nezitsha zobumba noma izinto ezenziwe ngokhuni, kanye nemikhiqizo yobuhle bemvelo. Omunye umkhakha okhulayo e-India yi-e-commerce. Ngokukhula kwezinkundla zokuthenga ku-inthanethi njenge-Amazon.in ne-Flipkart.com, ukukhetha izinto ezingathengiswa kalula ngalezi zinkundla kubalulekile. Eminye imikhakha edumile ifaka izinsiza zemfashini (ubucwebe, amawashi), okokuhloba kwasekhaya (ikhava yama-cushions, tapestries), izithasiselo zezempilo/amavithamini, okokusebenza kokuqina/amagiya (amacansi e-yoga), namagajethi kagesi/izinsiza. Kodwa-ke umuntu kufanele acabangele izithiyo ezingaba khona noma izinselelo lapho ethengisa izimpahla emakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yaseNdiya. Ngokwesibonelo: 1) Izithiyo zolimi: Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izincazelo zemikhiqizo zihunyushwa ngokunembile ezilimini ezinkulu zesifunda kuzosiza imizamo yokumaketha. 2) Ukuzwela kwamasiko: Ukugwema izimpawu zenkolo noma izithombe ezingase zicasule abangaba amakhasimende. 3) Logistics: Ukuqonda imithetho/izinqubo zokungenisa kanye nokuphathwa kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka kuzosiza ukuqinisekisa ukulethwa kwezimpahla ngempumelelo. 4) Ukuncintisana kwendawo: Ukucwaninga ngokucophelela ukunikezwa kwezimbangi ukuze uhlukanise umugqa womkhiqizo wakho ngempumelelo. Sengiphetha "Ukudlala ngobuhlakani" ngokubona amathrendi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokudayisa okuhlanganisa kokubili izitolo ezivamile kanye ne-e-commerce, kuyilapho ukubhekana nezithiyo ezingaba khona kungasiza ekukhetheni imikhiqizo edingeka kakhulu yemakethe yohwebo yangaphandle yase-India.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
I-India iyizwe elinokuhlukahluka okukhulu kanye nokucebile kwamasiko, okuthonya kakhulu izici zamakhasimende ayo kanye nama-taboos. Ukuqonda lezi zici kubalulekile lapho uxhumana namakhasimende aseNdiya. Okokuqala, amakhasimende aseNdiya aziwa ngokugcizelela kwawo ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu kanye nokwethembana. Bancamela ukwenza ibhizinisi nabantu ababaziyo noma labo abathunyelwe kubo ngumuntu abamethembayo. Ukwakha ukuxhumana okuqinile komuntu siqu kanye nokusungula ukwethembana ebudlelwaneni kubalulekile ekusebenzisaneni okuphumelelayo kwebhizinisi eNdiya. Okwesibili, amaNdiya aneso elibukhali lenani futhi athambekele ekubeni amakhasimende aqaphela amanani. Bavame ukucwaninga kabanzi ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo sokuthenga, beqhathanisa amanani ezinkundla noma ezitolo ezahlukene. Ukunikeza amanani ancintisanayo noma amasevisi angezwe inani kungaheha kakhulu amakhasimende aseNdiya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhasimende aseNdiya ayakwazisa ukunakwa komuntu siqu kanye nesevisi yekhwalithi ephezulu. Ukuhlinzeka ngezixazululo eziqondene nomuntu ngamunye ezifanelana nezidingo zabo kuzothuthukisa ulwazi lwamakhasimende kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ama-taboos athile okufanele acatshangelwe lapho uzibandakanya namakhasimende aseNdiya: 1. Gwema ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezihlobene nenkolo noma ezombangazwe ngaphandle uma iklayenti liqala izingxoxo ezinjalo. 2. Qaphela ulimi lomzimba njengoba okunye ukuthinta okubhekwa njengenhlonipho kwamanye amasiko kungase kucasule e-India (isb., ukukhomba iminwe). 3. Ungalokothi ubukele phansi ukubaluleka kokugcina isikhathi njengoba amaNdiya ngokuvamile ekwazisa ukufika kwesikhathi kuzilungiselelo zochwepheshe. 4. Kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokusemthethweni phakathi nemihlangano yokuqala kuze kube yilapho sekutholakala ukuxhumana okunethezekile. 5. Gwema ukugxeka noma ukuklolodela amasiko noma amasiko athandwa amaNdiya, ngoba lokhu kungaholela esikhumbeni futhi kulimaze ubudlelwano bebhizinisi. Sengiphetha, ukuqonda izici eziyingqayizivele zamakhasimende aseNdiya - njengokugcizelela kwawo ubudlelwano, ukuzwela amanani, ukunaka ikhwalithi yesevisi - kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzisaneni okuphumelelayo nawo kuyilapho ukugwema izithiyo ezingase zibe khona kukhuthaza ukusebenzelana okuhle kanye nobudlelwano obuhlala njalo phakathi kwamabhizinisi asebenzelana namakhasimende aseNdiya.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
I-India inohlelo olusungulwe kahle lokuphathwa kwempahla ukuze lilawule futhi lilawule ukugeleza kwezimpahla nabantu emingceleni yalo. Nazi ezinye izici ezibalulekile zohlelo lokuphathwa kwempahla yaseNdiya kanye namaphuzu abalulekile okufanele acatshangelwe: 1. Izinqubo zeCustoms: Lapho bengena noma bephuma e-India, abahambi badinga ukudlula ezindaweni zokubala zabokufika ukuze bathole imvume yokungena/yokuphuma. Ezikhumulweni zezindiza, abahambi kudingeka bagcwalise ifomu lesimemezelo sempahla ephumayo elibonisa izinto abaziphethe kanye nenani lazo. 2. Izinto Ezinqatshelwe Nezikhawulelwe: Izinto ezithile ezifana nezidakamizwa, imikhiqizo yezilwane zasendle, izibhamu, izinhlamvu, imali yomgunyathi, njll., azivunyelwe ngokuphelele eNdiya. Ukwengeza, kunemikhawulo kwezinye izinto ezifana nobucwebe begolide nesiliva ngaphezu komkhawulo othile ovunyelwe. 3. Izibonelelo Zamahhala: Abahambi abavakashela e-India bangaletha izinto zabo siqu ezibiza ama-INR 50,000 ngaphandle kokuthola intela yempahla (ngokuya ngemibandela ethile). Kunezibonelelo ezithile zamahhala zotshwala nemikhiqizo kagwayi futhi. 4. Isiteshi Esibomvu/Isiteshi Esikuhlaza: Ngemva kokuqoqa imithwalo ehloliwe ezikhumulweni zezindiza/ezikhumulweni zamachweba zase-India, abagibeli bayoba nokukhetha phakathi kwesiteshi ‘Esibomvu’ (izimpahla okumele zimenyezelwe) noma isiteshi ‘Esikuhlaza’ (akukho okumele sikumemezele). Uma unezinto okufanele uzikhokhele/ezikhawulelwe ezedlula imali oyinikwa mahhala noma uma ungaqiniseki nganoma iyiphi imikhakha/imithetho yento, kuhle ukuthi usebenzise isiteshi esiBomvu. 5. Imithethonqubo Yezimali: Ngenkathi uhamba noma uphuma eNdiya, akukho mkhawulo ekuletheni imali yangaphandle; nokho isimemezelo siyisibopho samanani angaphezu kuka-US$5,000 noma alingana nanoma iyiphi enye imali. 6. Ukungenisa/Ukuthunyelwa Kwezimpahla Ngaphandle: Izimpahla ezithile zingase zidinge imvume kuziphathimandla ezifanele ngaphambi kokungenisa/ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yezidingo zokulawula ezifana nezimfuneko zokuthola amalayisense noma ukuhambisana nemithetho yemvelo. 7. Izinqubo Zokuthuthela kwelinye izwe: Kubalulekile kubantu bangaphandle abavakashela e-India ukuba babe namadokhumenti okuhamba avumelekile okuhlanganisa namaphasipoti anama-visa afanelekile akhishwa amanxusa/amanxusa ase-India ngaphandle uma bevela emazweni angenayo i-visa ngaphansi kwezivumelwano ezithile. Kubalulekile ukuhlonipha nokuhambisana nemithethonqubo yamasiko yaseNdiya ukuze ugweme noma yiziphi izinkinga zomthetho noma izinhlawulo zemali. Kutuswa ukuthi uthintane nemithombo esemthethweni kahulumeni wase-India noma ufune isiqondiso kuziphathimandla zentela, uma kudingeka, ukuze uthole ulwazi olunembile nolwakamuva mayelana nezinqubo nemithethonqubo yokuphathwa kwempahla.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
I-India inomgomo ophelele wentela yempahla kwamanye amazwe ehlose ukuvikela izimboni zasekhaya kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya. Izwe libeka izintela ezimpahleni ezihlukahlukene ezivela kwamanye amazwe ukuze kuvinjwe ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe ngokweqile kanye nokugcina ibhalansi yokuhwebelana evumayo. Izindleko zokungenisa e-India zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: intela yentela eyisisekelo (BCD) kanye nemisebenzi eyengeziwe. I-BCD ikhokhiswa ezimpahleni eziningi ngokusekelwe ekuhlukaniseni kwazo ku-Harmonized System of Nomenclature (HSN). Amanani ayahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo, ngamanani aphansi ezinto ezibalulekile ezifana nokudla okuyisisekelo, imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo, nemishini esetshenziswa emikhakheni ebalulekile. Ngaphezu kwe-BCD, i-India iphinde ibeke imisebenzi eyengeziwe efana nomsebenzi wokuphikisa (CVD) kanye nomsebenzi ongeziwe okhethekile (SAD) ezimeni ezithile. I-CVD iyasebenza ekulinganiseni noma yiziphi izibonelelo ezinikezwa amanye amazwe ezingase zinikeze inzuzo engalungile ekuthumeleni kwawo ngaphandle. I-SAD ibekwa njengenkokhelo eyengeziwe ezimpahleni ezithile ezishiwo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-India ivamise ukubuyekeza ukwakheka kwayo kwentela ngezimemezelo zebhajethi noma izinguquko zenqubomgomo. Amanani entengo angaba ngaphansi kokuguquguquka ngenxa yokushintsha kwezimo zomnotho noma izinto ezibalulekile zikahulumeni. Uhulumeni wase-India uphinde ukhuthaze izivumelwano zohwebo ezehlukene okuhloswe ngazo ukunciphisa amanani entengo namazwe athile noma amabhlogo. Isibonelo, ngaphansi kwesivumelwano seNdawo Yohwebo Ekhululekile YaseNingizimu ne-Asia noma izivumelwano zohwebo lwamazwe amabili namazwe athile, ukuphathwa kwentela okukhethekile kungase kunikezwe ezimpahleni ezithile. Sekukonke, inqubomgomo yentela yokungenisa yaseNdiya ifuna ukulingana phakathi kokuvikela izimboni zasekhaya kuyilapho iqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi banokufinyelela emikhiqizweni yangaphandle ebalulekile. Ihlose ukukhuthaza ukuzimela emikhakheni ebalulekile efana nezolimo, eze-elekthronikhi, nezokukhiqiza kuyilapho ikhuthaza ukuncintisana ngendlela efanele futhi ikhuthaza ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana namazwe ngamazwe.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
I-India isebenzise inqubomgomo yentela ezimpahleni ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimboni zasekhaya futhi kuvikelwe umnotho wayo. Amazinga entela yokuthekelisa emikhiqizo ehlukene ayahluka kuye ngohlobo lwempahla. Ngokuvamile, izinto ezibalulekile ezifana nezinhlamvu zokudla, imifino, izithelo, nemithi zinezintela eziphansi noma azikho nhlobo. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona ukutholakala okwanele kwalezi zinto ezweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimpahla zikanokusho noma imikhiqizo enesidingo esikhulu ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe ingase ihehe izintela eziphezulu zokuthumela ngaphandle. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukunqanda ukuthunyelwa kwazo kwamanye amazwe futhi kuhlale kutholakala ukuze kusetshenziswe ekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinto ezingavuthiwe zingaphansi kwe-Export Duty okuhloswe ngayo ukunqanda ukuthunyelwa kwazo ngaphandle kanye nokukhuthaza izimboni zokukhiqiza zasekhaya zisebenzisa lezo mpahla. Ukwengeza, i-India iphinde yamukela ezinye izindlela ezahlukahlukene ezifana Nentela Yokungenisa Nezimpahla Nezinkonzo (GST) engase ithinte ngokungaqondile ukwakheka kwamanani ezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Lezi zinqubomgomo zihlose ukuvikela izimboni zaseNdiya ngokwenza izimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe zibize kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhiqizwa kuleli. Kubalulekile ukuthi amabhizinisi abheke ngabomvu ukuthumela evela e-India ahlale enolwazi ngezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni njengoba engase ashintshe ngezikhathi ezithile ngokusekelwe ezicini zezomnotho nezivumelwano zohwebo namanye amazwe. Sekukonke, inqubomgomo yentela yase-India ezimpahleni ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ihlose ukukhulisa izimboni zasekhaya kuyilapho igcina ukutholakala okwanele kwezinto ezibalulekile ezweni. Amabhizinisi asebenza kulo mkhakha kufanele aqaphe ngokucophelela noma yiziphi izinguquko kumithetho yentela ezihlobene nesigaba somkhiqizo othile.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
I-India, izwe elithuthuka ngokushesha eliseNingizimu ye-Asia, yaziwa ngomnotho wayo ohlukahlukene kanye namagugu amasiko anothile. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwavela njengomdlali omkhulu emkhakheni wezohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe nokukhuthaza ukuzethemba kwabathengi, i-India igcizelela ekutholeni isitifiketi sokuthekelisa. Isitifiketi sokuthekelisa e-India sihlanganisa izici ezihlukahlukene zekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe. Lezi zitifiketi zisebenza njengobufakazi bokuthi imikhiqizo yaseNdiya ihlangabezana namazinga adingekayo abekwe amazwe angenisayo. Esinye sezitifiketi ezibalulekile zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe isitifiketi se-ISO. I-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) ibeka izindinganiso zomhlaba jikelele zemikhiqizo, amasevisi, nezinhlelo zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukwethembeka, kanye nekhwalithi yazo. Ukuthola isitifiketi se-ISO kusiza abathumeli bangaphandle baseNdiya babonise ukuzibophezela kwabo ekwenzeni kahle futhi bathobele izindinganiso eziqashelwa umhlaba wonke. Ukwengeza, abathengisi bangaphandle baseNdiya abafuna ukufinyelela emakethe ikakhulukazi eYurophu kumele bathole ukumakwa kwe-CE. Ukumakwa kwe-CE kukhombisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhambisana nezidingo zezempilo ze-European Union noma zemvelo uma zikhona. Iqinisekisa ukunyakaza okukhululekile phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu e-EU ngokususa imigoqo yobuchwepheshe ekuhwebeni. Mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwezolimo kwamanye amazwe okuvela eNdiya, i-APEDA (Agricultural & Processed Food Products Export Development Authority) inikeza izinhlelo zesitifiketi ngaphansi kwezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ezifana nesitifiketi sokulima okuphilayo noma ukuthobela uhlelo lokuqapha izinsalela. Lezi zitifiketi ziqinisekisa abathutha kwamanye amazwe ukuphepha kanye nokuhambisana nemithethonqubo ephathelene nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) iqinisekisa izimpahla ezikhiqiziwe ngokusekelwe kumazinga athile ase-Indian (IS). Isitifiketi se-BIS siqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ifeza izidingo ezibalulekile njengokuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, nokuqina ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe. I-India iphinde ihambisane nezinyathelo ze-phytosanitary ezibekwe yi-International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC). Izitifiketi ze-Phytosanitary ziqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo esekelwe ezitshalweni njengezithelo noma imifino iye yahlolwa okudingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ayinazo izifo ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Sengiphetha, inqubo yokuthola izitifiketi zokuthekelisa e-India ibandakanya ukuthobela imithethonqubo eminingi ehlobene nokumiswa, ukuphepha, nokuvikelwa kwabathengi.Ngenxa yalokho, imikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe evela e-India izuza ukwethenjwa, ithuthukisa ukumaketheka, futhi iqinisekisa ukufinyelela okushelelayo ezimakethe zomhlaba.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-India yizwe elaziwa ngamasiko alo ahlukahlukene, umlando ocebile, namasiko aphilayo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-India nayo yenze inqubekelaphambili emangalisayo emkhakheni wezokuthutha nezokuthutha. Nazi ezinye izinsiza ezinconyiwe zezokuthutha namathrendi e-India: 1. Izithuthi zomgwaqo: Njengendlela yezokuthutha esetshenziswa kakhulu eNdiya, ezokuthutha emgwaqeni zidlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wezokuthutha wezwe. Uhulumeni wase-India ugxile ekuthuthukiseni ingqalasizinda yemigwaqo, okuholela ekuxhumekeni okungcono ezifundeni ezahlukene. 2. Izitimela: I-Indian Railways ingelinye lamanethiwekhi amakhulu kakhulu kaloliwe emhlabeni wonke futhi inikeza indlela ephumelelayo yokuthutha impahla. Ihlanganisa indawo ebanzi ezweni lonke futhi inikeza izixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu zokuthutha impahla. 3. Izimpahla zomoya: Ngokukhula okusheshayo kwe-e-commerce kanye nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, impahla yomoya isizuze ukuvelela embonini yezokuthutha yaseNdiya. Izikhumulo zezindiza ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore yizindawo ezibalulekile zokusebenza kwezimpahla zomoya. 4. Imikhumbi yasogwini: Uma kubhekwa ugu lwayo olude kanye namachweba amakhulu njenge-Chennai Port Trust kanye ne-Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT), imikhumbi yasogwini idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhwebeni kwasekhaya ngaphakathi kwezindawo ezisogwini lwaseNdiya. 5.Izinsizakalo zokugcinwa kwempahla: Ngokukhula kwesidingo sezindawo zokugcina izinto ezihleliwe ngenxa yezidingo eziguqukayo ze-supply chain, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla zesimanje ziye zavela njengengxenye ebalulekile yokusebenza kahle kwempahla ngaphakathi kwe-India. 6.Ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe: Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kanye nokwenza lula ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo, izinkampani zezokuthutha zaseNdiya zamukele izixazululo eziqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe njengamasistimu okulandelela asebenzisa amadivayisi we-GPS noma we-IoT ukuze anikeze izibuyekezo zesikhathi sangempela mayelana nokuthunyelwa. 7.Abahlinzeki bezinto ezisetshenziswayo bezinkampani zangaphandle (3PL): Laba bahlinzeki besevisi banikeza izixazululo zokuphela komsebenzi ezihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kwempahla; ukugcwaliseka kwe-oda; indawo yokugcina impahla; ukusatshalaliswa; imvume yokuba okuthile kwenzeke; ukupakisha phakathi kokunye. Isevisi yokulethwa kwe-8.Last-mile - Izinkampani ezifana ne-Delhivery noma i-Ecom Express zisebenza ngokukhethekile ngezixazululo zokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina eziqinisekisa ukulethwa okusheshayo kusuka ezindlini zokugcina izimpahla noma ezikhungweni zokusabalalisa ngokuqondile kuye emnyango wamakhasimende. Imboni yezokuthutha yase-India iyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngokushesha ngemizamo eqhubekayo yokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda, yamukele intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwe-supply chain. Izincomo ezingenhla zibonisa indawo yamanje kanye nezitayela eziqhuba umkhakha wezokuthutha wase-India kuyilapho zibhekelela izidingo ezihlukahlukene zamabhizinisi.`,
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

India is a country with a diverse and vibrant economy, attracting international buyers from around the world. The country has several important international sourcing channels and trade shows that serve as platforms for business development and networking opportunities. Let's explore some of them. 1. India International Trade Fair (IITF): This annual event held in New Delhi is one of the largest trade fairs in India. It attracts national and international buyers from various sectors, including manufacturing, consumer goods, textiles, and electronics. With over 6,000 exhibitors showcasing their products and services, IITF offers an excellent opportunity for global procurement. 2. Auto Expo: As one of Asia's largest automotive component exhibitions held in New Delhi every two years, Auto Expo attracts major international automobile manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, and buyers looking to source high-quality products from India's automotive industry. 3. Texworld India: This textile industry trade show features the latest trends in fabrics, apparel accessories,and home textiles.It serves as an important platform for sourcing fabrics not only within India but also internationally.It brings together manufacturers,suppliers,and exporters to showcase their products to potential global buyers. 4. Indian Pharma Expo: As a rapidly growing pharmaceutical market globally,the Indian Pharma Expo provides an ideal platform for pharma companies to exhibit their product range across various categories such as generics,nutraceuticals,critical care,and more.This exhibition aims at showcasing India’s innovation,potentialities,talent,and product discovery capabilities.The event creates opportunities for interaction between domestic manufacturers,firms abroad,research & development( R&D) centers,business delegations,distributors,supply chain experts across multiple verticals.The show further enables exploring alliances & collaborations worldwide by connecting businesses globally through focused buyer-seller meetups,event tours,outbound investments,Etc. 5. Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit: Gujarat State hosts this biennial summit which showcases investment opportunities across various sectors ranging from manufacturing,hospitality,tourism,and more.It provides a platform for global companies to interact with business leaders,policy makers,investors,and thought leaders.The summit facilitates networking opportunities and aids international procurement strategies by connecting buyers and sellers worldwide. 6. Buyer-Seller Meets: Various industry-specific buyer-seller meets are organized across different cities in India.These events focus on specific sectors such as engineering,IT,bio-technology,textiles,gems & jewelry,agriculture,etc.Organized by government bodies as well as industry associations,these platforms bring together key stakeholders from various industries and facilitate B2B meetings between buyers from around the world and Indian suppliers. 7. E-commerce Platforms: In recent years,e-commerce has been playing a significant role in international sourcing.E-commerce platforms like Alibaba,B2B portals like IndiaMART,and government initiatives such as the National E-Governance Plan have made it easier for international buyers to connect with Indian suppliers.Additionally,various online sourcing directories,live chat support,supplier verification services are available to streamline the procurement process. In conclusion,the above-mentioned examples are just a few of the important international sourcing channels and trade shows available in India.There are many other sector-specific exhibitions,buyer-seller meets,and e-commerce platforms that cater to various industries.Be sure to research specific sectors of interest for targeted procurement opportunities within India.
E-India, izinjini zokusesha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zifaka i-Google, i-Bing, i-Yahoo!, ne-DuckDuckGo. Lezi zinjini zokusesha zisetshenziswa kakhulu abantu baseNdiya ngezinjongo ezahlukahlukene njengokuphequlula iwebhu, ukubuyisa imininingwane, nokuthenga ku-inthanethi. Nawa amawebhusayithi abo afanele: 1. Google: www.google.co.in I-Google ngokungangabazeki iyinjini yokusesha ethandwa kakhulu hhayi eNdiya kuphela kodwa emhlabeni jikelele. Inikeza inkomba ebanzi yamakhasi ewebhu kanye nezinye izici ezifana nosesho lwezithombe, amamephu, izindatshana zezindaba, nokunye okuningi. 2. I-Bing: www.bing.com I-Bing iyinjini yokusesha ye-Microsoft enikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo esikhangayo kanye nemiphumela yosesho efanele. Iphinde ihlanganise izici ezinjengosesho lwezithombe nokubukwa kuqala kwevidiyo. 3. Yahoo!: in.yahoo.com Yahoo! bekuyinketho edumile phakathi kwabasebenzisi baseNdiya isikhathi eside ngenxa yohlu olubanzi lwezinsizakalo ezihlanganisa i-imeyili, izibuyekezo zezindaba, imininingwane yezezimali, njll., ngaphandle komsebenzi wayo wokusesha. 4. DuckDuckGo: duckduckgo.com I-DuckDuckGo yaziwa ngokugcizelela ubumfihlo babasebenzisi kuyilapho iletha imiphumela efanele ngaphandle kokulandela umkhondo noma ukugcina ulwazi lomuntu siqu njengoba kwenza ezinye izinjini zokusesha ezivamile. Lezi ezine zingezinye zezinjini zokusesha ezaziwayo nezivame ukusetshenziswa eNdiya; nokho, kungase kube nezinye ezitholakalayo futhi kuye ngokuthandwa ngabanye.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

E-India, kunezinkomba ezimbalwa ezidumile zamakhasi aphuzi zabantu ngabanye namabhizinisi ukuze bathole ulwazi lokuxhumana, amasevisi, nemikhiqizo. Nazi ezinye zezinkomba ezinkulu zamakhasi aphuzi e-India kanye namakheli abo ewebhusayithi: 1. I-Justdial (www.justdial.com): I-Justdial ingenye yezinjini zokusesha ezinkulu kakhulu zasendaweni e-India. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi ngamabhizinisi ahlukahlukene kuzo zonke izigaba ezahlukahlukene njengezindawo zokudlela, amahhotela, izibhedlela, abasebenza ngamapayipi, abasebenza ngogesi, njll. 2. I-Sulekha (www.sulekha.com): I-Sulekha ingolunye uhla lwemibhalo lwe-inthanethi oluvelele olunikeza inhlobonhlobo yamasevisi nohlu lwamabhizinisi olusekelwe emadolobheni nasezigabeni. Abasebenzisi bangathola ulwazi oluhlobene nezindlu ezithengiswayo, izikhungo zemfundo, abahlinzeki bezempilo, abahleli bemicimbi, njll. 3. I-Yellow Pages India (www.yellowpagesindia.net): I-Yellow Pages India ihlinzeka ngohlu lwamabhizinisi olunzulu kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukene ezweni lonke. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe amabhizinisi ngezigaba noma indawo. 4. I-Indiamart (www.indiamart.com): I-Indiamart iyindawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi exhuma abathengi nabahlinzeki bezimboni ezihlukahlukene ezifana nemishini nemishini, izindwangu kanye nabakhiqizi bezingubo, abahlinzeki bempahla ye-elekthronikhi njll. Ngaphandle kokuhlinzeka ngemininingwane yomkhiqizo namaphrofayili enkampani, I-Indiamart futhi isebenza njengohla lwemibhalo lwamakhasi aphuzi. 5. I-TradeIndia (www.tradeindia.com): Ifana ne-Indiamart, I-TradeIndia enye imakethe ye-B2B eyaziwa kakhulu e-India exhumanisa abathengi kanye nabathengisi abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene okuhlanganisa nemikhiqizo yezimboni efana nemishini, amakhemikhali njll., izimpahla zikagesi nezinto zikagesi njll. 6.Google Bhizinisi Lami(https://www.google.co.in/business/): I-Google Bhizinisi Lami isiza amabhizinisi ase-India ukuthi abe khona ku-inthanethi ngokuwaphatha uhlu lwebhizinisi ku-Google Maps kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Google. Ngaleyo ndlela ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bazithole kalula lapho besesha amasevisi athile noma imikhiqizo. Lawa mawebhusayithi ahlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile kubathengi abafuna izinsiza ezifanele noma imikhiqizo endaweni ngaphakathi kwamadolobha ahlukene kulo lonke elaseNdiya. Qaphela: Yize lezi zinkomba zidume kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuphambana nereferensi futhi uqinisekise imininingwane ehlinzekwe ukwethembeka nokunemba.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

I-India iyizwe elihlukahlukene elinomkhakha we-e-commerce okhula ngokushesha. Nazi ezinye zezinkundla ezinkulu ze-e-commerce eNdiya: 1. Flipkart - www.flipkart.com I-Flipkart ingesinye sezinkundla ezinkulu nezidume kakhulu ze-e-commerce eNdiya. Inikeza inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo, okuhlanganisa izinto zikagesi, imfashini, izinto zasendlini, izincwadi, nokunye. 2. I-Amazon India - www.amazon.in I-Amazon yangena emakethe yaseNdiya ngonyaka ka-2013 futhi isizuze ukuqina okubalulekile kusukela lapho. Isiteji sinikeza ukukhethwa okubanzi kwemikhiqizo kanye nezinketho zokudiliva okusheshayo. 3. I-Paytm Mall - paytmmall.com I-Paytm Mall iyingxenye ye-ecosystem ye-Paytm futhi inikeza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ezigabeni ezahlukene ezifana ne-electronics, imfashini, izinto zokuhlobisa ikhaya, igrosa, njll. 4. I-Snapdeal - www.snapdeal.com I-Snapdeal iqale njengenkundla yezivumelwano zansuku zonke kodwa manje isikhule yaba enye yezimakethe ezihamba phambili ze-inthanethi e-India yemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene. 5. I-Myntra - www.myntra.com I-Myntra igxile emikhiqizweni yemfashini nendlela yokuphila yabesilisa, abesifazane, nezingane. Inikeza izingubo zokugqoka, izesekeli ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezincomo eziqondene nawe. 6. Jabong - www.jabong.com Ngokufana ne-Myntra, i-Jabong igxile kakhulu ekugqokeni kwemfashini kwabesilisa nabesifazane abanikeza izinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezivela kumikhiqizo kazwelonke kanye neyamazwe ngamazwe. 7. Ama-Shopclues - www.shopclues.com I-ShopClues iqondise kumakhasimende afuna amadili enani lemali emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yemikhiqizo efana nezinto zikagesi ezifana nama-smartphone noma amakhompyutha aphathekayo kanye nempahla yasekhaya nokunye. 8 . I-BigBasket- bigbasket.com I-BigBasket iyinkundla ehamba phambili ye-inthanethi yegrosa yase-India eletha izithelo nemifino emisha kanye nezinye izinto ezibalulekile zasendlini emnyango wakho. 9 . Grofers- grofers.com I-Grofers ingenye inkundla ye-e-grocery edumile enikezela ngegrosa ngamanani ancintisanayo ngqo emnyango wakho ngaphandle kokuhlupheka. Kuyafaneleka ukubalula, nokho, ukuthi isimo se-e-commerce eNdiya sinamandla futhi kunabadlali abasha abasafufusa njalo futhi bandisa ukufinyelela kwabo.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

I-India inendawo yezokuxhumana ecebile nehlukahlukene. Nazi ezinye izinkundla zokuxhumana ezidumile e-India kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi azo: 1. Facebook - https://www.facebook.com I-Facebook iyinkundla yezokuxhumana esetshenziswa kakhulu eNdiya, exhuma abantu ezweni lonke ngamaphrofayili, amaqembu, namakhasi. 2. Twitter - https://twitter.com I-Twitter ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babelane ngemiyalezo, ebizwa ngama-tweets, nabalandeli babo. Kuyinkundla edumile yokuzwakalisa imibono nokuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngezindaba namathrendi. 3. Instagram - https://www.instagram.com I-Instagram igxile ekwabelaneni ngezithombe namavidiyo. Ithole ukuthandwa okukhulu eNdiya njengenkundla yokuxoxwa kwezindaba ezibukwayo kanye nabathonya. 4. I-LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com I-LinkedIn ngokuyinhloko iyisizindalwazi sokuxhumana lapho abantu bengakhombisa khona amakhono abo, baxhumane nozakwabo kanye nezingcweti zemboni, futhi bathole amathuba emisebenzi. 5. YouTube - https://www.youtube.com I-YouTube iyinkundla yokwabelana ngamavidiyo esetshenziswa kakhulu amaNdiya kwezokuzijabulisa, okuqukethwe okufundisayo, amavidiyo omculo, zokupheka zokupheka, izibuyekezo zezindaba, ama-vlog, nokuningi. 6. WhatsApp - https://www.whatsapp.com I-WhatsApp iwuhlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo esheshayo olusetshenziswa kakhulu amaNdiya ukuze axhumane nabangane, amalungu omndeni, osebenzisana nabo kwezamabhizinisi.Izingxoxo, izingcingo zezwi, nezingcingo zevidiyo zingenziwa kusetshenziswa yona kalula. 7. SnapChat - https://www.snapchat.com/ I-Snapchat yenza abasebenzisi bakwazi ukuthwebula izikhathi ngezithombe noma amavidiyo amafushane anyamalalayo ngemva kokubukwa. Muva nje, isizuze ukuthandwa okukhulu entsheni yaseNdiya. 8.TikTok-https;"); I-TikTok ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze amavidiyo amafushane asethelwe kumculo. Ukwabelana ngalezi ziqeshana zobuciko nabanye kukhuthaza ukusebenzelana phakathi kwabasebenzisi. E-India, i-tiktok isidume kakhulu phakathi kwentsha ekhangisa abantu abasha abadala." Kuhle ukusho ukuthi uhlu olungenhla lumelela kuphela ezinye zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa kakhulu e-India.Kungase kube nezinye izinkundla ze-niche eziqondene nezethameli zaseNdiya futhi.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

I-India inezinhlangano ezimbalwa ezivelele zezimboni ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni nasekumeleni imikhakha eyahlukene yezomnotho. Nazi ezinye zezinhlangano eziyinhloko zezimboni e-India kanye namawebhusayithi azo: 1. I-Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) - www.cii.in - I-CII iyinhlangano yamabhizinisi eyinhloko e-India, emele izimboni kuyo yonke imikhakha efana neyokukhiqiza, izinsizakalo, nezolimo. 2. I-Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) - www.ficci.com - I-FICCI ingenye yezinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni e-India, emele amabhizinisi kuzo zonke izizinda ezahlukahlukene njengokuhweba, ezentengiselwano, kanye nezinsizakalo. 3. I-Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry (ASSOCHAM) - www.assocham.org - I-ASSOCHAM iyinhlangano yezohwebo esezingeni eliphezulu ezinze eDelhi emele izimboni ezifana namabhange, ezezimali, ezobuchwepheshe, ezolimo, nezokuvakasha. 4. Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yezinkampani Zesofthiwe Nezinkonzo (NASSCOM) - www.nasscom.in - I-NASSCOM iyinhlangano yezohwebo emele umkhakha we-IT-BPM e-India futhi isebenza ekuthuthukiseni ukuncintisana komhlaba wonke ezinhlanganweni zamaNdiya. 5. I-Indian Pharmaceutical Alliance (IPA) - www.ipa-india.org - I-IPA ihlanganisa izinkampani zemithi zikazwelonke ezisekelwe ocwaningweni ezigxile ekukhulumeni kwenqubomgomo ukuze zikwazi ukufinyelela izixazululo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezithengekayo. 6. I-Automotive Component Manufacturers Association of India (ACMA) – www.acma.in - I-ACMA imele abakhiqizi ababambe iqhaza ekukhiqizeni izingxenye ze-aftermarket zezimoto ezihlanganisa amasondo amabili, izimoto zentengiso nezimoto zabagibeli 7. I-Confederation of Real Estate Developers' Associations Of India (CREDAI) – credai.org - I-CREDAI imele abathuthukisi bezindlu ezithengiswayo kulo lonke elaseNdiya okuhloswe ngayo ukukhuthaza imikhuba yokuziphatha kanye nokuthuthukisa ukubonakala ngaphakathi kwemboni 8. I-All India Plastics Manufacturers' Association (AIPMA)- https://www.aipma.net/ - I-AIPMA ikhuthaza izimboni ezihlobene nepulasitiki ngokwenza lula ukuxhumana, ukwabelana ngolwazi, kanye nokukhuthaza izinqubo ezibhekelela imvelo. Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa zezinhlangano ezihlukene zezimboni eNdiya. Imikhakha eyahlukene inezinhlangano zayo ezithize ezisebenzela ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zazo.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

I-India ingumnotho okhula ngokushesha kanye nesizinda sezimboni ezimbalwa. Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi avelele ezomnotho nezohwebo e-India kanye nama-URL ewebhusayithi yawo: 1. Umnyango Wezohwebo Nezimboni: Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yoMnyango Wezohwebo Nezimboni kahulumeni wase-India inikeza ulwazi ngezinqubomgomo zezohwebo, amathuba okutshala izimali, kanye nezibalo zohwebo lwangaphandle. Iwebhusayithi: www.commerce.gov.in 2. I-Reserve Bank of India (RBI): I-RBI iyibhange elikhulu elibhekele inqubomgomo yezimali nokulawula izikhungo zezimali e-India. Iwebhusayithi yabo inikezela ngemininingwane ebalulekile emnothweni waseNdiya, imithetho yokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe, nemihlahlandlela yokutshala imali. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.rbi.org.in 3. I-Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI): I-FICCI ingenye yezinhlangano ezinkulu zemboni e-India ezithuthukisa izithakazelo zebhizinisi futhi zilungiselele ubambiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.ficci.com 4. I-Confederation Of Indian Industry (CII): I-CII ihlose ukudala indawo evumela amabhizinisi ngokumela inqubomgomo, ucwaningo lwebhizinisi, nezinkundla zokuxhumana. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.cii.in 5. IBhange Lokuthekelisa-Okuthekelisa LaseNdiya (Ibhange Le-EXIM): I-EXIM Bank isekela ukuthunyelwa kwe-Indian kwamanye amazwe ngokunikeza usizo lwezezimali kubathumeli bangaphandle ngezinhlelo zezikweletu zokuthekelisa ezihlukene. Iwebhusayithi: www.eximbankindia.in 6. Invest India: Yinhlangano engaphansi koMnyango Wokuphromotha Izimboni Nohwebo Lwangaphakathi esiza abatshalizimali bomhlaba wonke ekusunguleni amabhizinisi eNdiya. Iwebhusayithi https://www.investindia.gov.in/ 7. I-Securities Exchange Board Of India (SEBI): I-SEBI ilawula izimakethe zezibambiso kuhlanganise nokuhwebelana kwamasheya e-India, iqinisekisa izinqubo ezinobulungiswa kubatshalizimali kuyilapho iphromotha ukukhula kwemakethe. Iwebhusayithi: www.sebi.gov.in 8.Inhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba - Ulwazi Lwentela Nezinyathelo Zokuhweba Ngezimpahla Namasevisi I-WTO inikeza ulwazi mayelana nezintela ezikhokhiswayo ezimpahleni ezingena emazweni ahlukene okuhlanganisa nalezo ezisetshenziswa ozakwethu abahwebayo kozakwabo abahwebayo. Iwebhusayithi http://www.wto.org/

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi ambalwa emibuzo yedatha yokuhweba atholakalayo eNdiya. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa: 1. I-Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) - Lena iwebhusayithi esemthethweni kahulumeni ehlinzeka ngedatha yohwebo ephelele, okuhlanganisa izibalo zokungenisa nokuthekelisa zaseNdiya. Iwebhusayithi iphinde inikeze amathuluzi namasevisi ahlukahlukene ukuze kube lula ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe. Iwebhusayithi http://dgft.gov.in 2. Thumela Ibhange Ledatha Yokungenisa (IEC) - Le sizindalwazi esiku-inthanethi inikeza ukufinyelela emininingwaneni yokuthunyelwa yangokwezifiso, idatha yomlando, nezibalo zokuthekelisa zokuthunyelwa kwe-India. Iwebhusayithi ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe ngomkhiqizo noma ngegama lenkampani ukuze bathole ulwazi oluthile oluhlobene nohwebo. Iwebhusayithi http://www.iecindia.org 3. Imephu Yokuhweba - Ithuthukiswe yi-International Trade Center (ITC), le nkundla inikeza idatha ebanzi yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe ahlukene, kuhlanganise neNdiya. Abasebenzisi bangafinyelela izibalo eziningiliziwe zokuthekelisa nezokungenisa ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, kanye nemibiko yokuhlaziya izimakethe. Iwebhusayithi http://www.trademap.org 4. I-Indian Trade Portal - Iphethwe yi-Federation of Indian Export Organisations (FIEO), le webhusayithi isebenza njengenkundla eyodwa yabahwebi nabathumela kwamanye amazwe e-India. Ihlinzeka ngolwazi oluhlobene nohwebo olunjengamathrendi emakethe, izinqubomgomo, izinqubo, amanani entengo, futhi inikeza nokufinyelela kumapulatifomu omhlaba jikelele womthengi nomthengisi. Iwebhusayithi http://www.indiantradeportal.in 5.Export Genius- Le nkundla ekhokhelwayo inikezela ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela yokuthekelisa-yokungenisa evela emithonjeni eminingi e-India, ihlinzeka ngemininingwane ebanzi mayelana nokuthunyelwa okuhlanganisa nezintengo, amanani ahweba phakathi kwamazwe anolwazi lomhlinzeki/umthengi. Iwebhusayithi: https://www.exportgenius.in Lawa mawebhusayithi angasetshenziswa ukubuyisa ulwazi oluwusizo olumayelana nemisebenzi yokuhweba yase-India futhi asize ekwenzeni izinqumo zebhizinisi ezisekelwe emininingwaneni yezibalo ehlinzekwe mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe okwenziwa izwe. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi kuyanconywa ukuthi uqinisekise ubuqiniso banoma iyiphi iwebhusayithi enikeziwe ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisela izinjongo zebhizinisi ezibucayi

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

I-India inezinkundla ezimbalwa ze-B2B ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhwebeni kwebhizinisi kuya kwebhizinisi. Nalu uhlu lwamapulatifomu athile avelele kanye nama-URL azo ewebhusayithi afanele: 1. I-IndiaMART (https://www.indiamart.com): I-IndiaMART ingenye yezimakethe ezinkulu ze-B2B e-India, exhumanisa abathengi nabathengisi kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. 2. I-TradeIndia (https://www.tradeindia.com): I-TradeIndia inikeza inkundla ephelele ukuze amabhizinisi axhume, ahwebe futhi andise ukufinyelela kwawo emikhakheni ehlukene. 3. I-ExportersIndia (https://www.exportersindia.com): I-Exportersindia.com) I-ExportersIndia igxile ekukhuthazeni abathumeli bangaphandle baseNdiya kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ngokunikeza inkundla yokubonisa imikhiqizo namasevisi abo. 4. I-Alibaba India (https://www.alibaba.com/countrysearch/IN/india.html): I-Alibaba, imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-B2B, nayo inesigaba esizinikele sabahlinzeki nabathengi baseNdiya lapho bengahweba khona ngamazwe ngamazwe. 5. I-Justdial (https://www.justdial.com): Nakuba ngokuyinhloko yaziwa ngokuthi injini yokusesha yasendaweni, i-Justdial futhi isebenza njengenkundla ye-B2B ngokuxhumanisa amabhizinisi namakhasimende angaba khona kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. 6. Ukuthengwa kwemboni (https://www.industrybuying.com): Ukuthengwa kwemboni kugxile ekuhlinzekeni imikhiqizo yezimboni kanye nemishini ngokusebenzisa imakethe yakho ye-inthanethi kumabhizinisi emikhakheni eyahlukene. 7. I-Power2SME (https://www.power2sme.com): Iqondiswe kumabhizinisi amancane naphakathi (ama-SME), i-Power2SME inikeza inkundla yokuthenga nge-elekthronikhi eyenza amabhizinisi akwazi ukuthola izinto zokusetshenziswa ngokuthenga kwenqwaba ngamanani ancintisanayo. 8. I-OfBusiness (https://ofbusiness.com): I-OfBusiness ihlose ukwenza lula ukuthengwa kwebhizinisi ngokunikeza isixazululo sokuthengwa kwempahla ku-inthanethi sezinto zasembonini ezifana nensimbi, amakhemikhali, ama-polymer, njll., eziqondiswe kuma-SME. Lezi zinkundla zihlinzeka ngamathuba kumabhizinisi ase-India ukuthi axhumane nozakwethu basekhaya nabamazwe ngamazwe ngendlela efanele kuyilapho kusiza ukuthengiselana okushelelayo ngezingosi zabo ze-inthanethi.
//