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Izimakethe Eziyinhloko
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Ukubuka konke Kwezwe
I-Libya, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iSifundazwe saseLibya, iyizwe eliseNyakatho ne-Afrika. Izungezwe uLwandle iMedithera ngasenyakatho, iGibhithe ngasempumalanga, iSudan eningizimu-mpumalanga, iChad neNiger eningizimu, kanye ne-Algeria neTunisia ngasentshonalanga. Njengoba inendawo elinganiselwa kumakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyi-1.7, iLibya ikleliswe njengezwe lesine ngobukhulu e-Afrika. Inhloko-dolobha yayo nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke yi-Tripoli. Ulimi olusemthethweni yisi-Arabhu, kanti isiNgisi nesiNtaliyane nazo zikhulunywa kabanzi. I-Libya inomhlaba ohlukahlukene ohlanganisa izindawo ezisogwini ezisogwini lwayo ezinogwadule olunesihlabathi esimaphakathi nezwe. Ugwadule luhlanganisa cishe u-90% wendawo yalo okulenza libe ngelinye lamazwe awomile kakhulu emhlabeni wonke anomhlaba ovundile olinganiselwe wezolimo. Isibalo sabantu baseLibya simi cishe kubantu abayizigidi eziyi-6.8 abanengxube yezizwe ezihlanganisa iningi lama-Arab-Berber eceleni kwamaTuareg nezinye izinhlanga. I-Islam isetshenziswa kakhulu cishe ngama-97% abantu baseLibya okuyenza ibe yiriphabhulikhi yamaSulumane. Ngokomlando, iLibya yaqoqwa imibuso eminingana okuhlanganisa abaseFenike, amaGreki, amaRoma kanye namaTurkey ase-Ottoman ngaphambi kokuba ibe ikoloni lase-Italy kusukela ngo-1911 kwaze kwaba yiMpi Yezwe II lapho ihlukaniswa iCyrenaica (empumalanga) eyayibuswa yiBrithani, iFezzan (eningizimu-ntshonalanga) eyayibuswa yiFrance. I-Tripolitania elawulwa yi-Italy (enyakatho-ntshonalanga). Ngo-1951 yathola inkululeko njengombuso womthethosisekelo ngaphansi kwenkosi u-Idris I. Eminyakeni yakamuva kusukela ekutholeni inkululeko ngaphansi kombuso wamaNgisi ngo-1951 kuze kube manje; ILibya yaba nezinkathi ngaphansi kombuso kaColonel Muammar Gaddafi owathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane ngaphambi kokuketulwa kwakhe ngesikhathi senhlangano yama-Arab Spring Revolution ngoFebhuwari 2011 okwaholela ezimpini zombango okwalandelwa ukungazinzi kwezepolitiki kuze kube namuhla nakuba kube nenqubekelaphambili ethile mayelana nezivumelwano zokuthula kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-2020. phakathi kwamaqembu aphikisanayo emphakathini waseLibya alamula amazwe ngamazwe kodwa ukuzinza kusalokhu kuntekenteke jikelele. ILibya inomnotho omkhulu kawoyela, okuyenza ibe ngelinye lamazwe acebe kakhulu e-Afrika ngokwemithombo yemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlukana kwezombusazwe kanye nezingxabano ezihlomile kuvimbe ukuthuthukiswa kwayo komnotho futhi kwaba nomthelela kwingqalasizinda kanye nezinsizakalo zomphakathi ezakhamuzini zayo. Sengiphetha, iLibya iyizwe elinomlando ocebile, ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko, kanye nemithombo yemvelo enkulukazi. Nokho, isaqhubeka nokubhekana nezinselele ekuzuzeni uzinzo kwezombusazwe kanye nokuchuma komnotho kubantu bayo.
Imali Yezwe
I-Libya, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iSifundazwe saseLibya, iyizwe eliseNyakatho ne-Afrika. Imali yaseLibya yiDinar yaseLibya (LYD). I-Central Bank of Libya (CBL) inesibopho sokukhipha nokuphatha uhlobo lwemali. I-Libyan Dinar iphinde ihlukaniswe yaba amayunithi amancane abizwa ngokuthi ama-dirham. Kodwa-ke, lezi ziqephu azivamile ukusetshenziswa emisebenzini yansuku zonke. Ama-banknotes atholakala emahlelweni ahlukahlukene ahlanganisa u-1, 5, 10, 20, kanye nama-dinar angu-50. Izinhlamvu zemali nazo zisakazwa kodwa azivamile ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yenani eliphansi. Ngenxa yokuntenga kozinzo kwezombusazwe kanye nezinxushunxushu ezikhungethe izwe kusukela kwaketulwa umbuso kaMuammar Gaddafi ngo-2011, umnotho waseLibya uphazamiseke kakhulu. Lokhu kube nomthelela oqondile enanini nasekuzinzeni kohlobo lwemali yabo. Ukwengeza, kube nezinkinga ezihlobene namanothi omgunyathi azungeza ngaphakathi eLibya okukhulise ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuthembeka nokuphepha kwemali yabo. Izinga lokushintshisana kweDinar yaseLibya uma liqhathaniswa nezinye izimali ezinkulu liyashintshashintsha kuye ngezinto ezimbalwa ezifana nentuthuko yezombusazwe kanye noshintsho emananini kawoyela njengoba ukuthunyelwa kwe-petroleum kwamanye amazwe kwakha ingxenye enkulu ye-GDP yaseLibya. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenxa yezingxabano eziqhubekayo nezinselelo ezikhona ohlelweni lwamabhange eLibya, ukufinyelela noma ukushintshanisa amaDinar aseLibya kungaba nzima ngaphandle kwezwe. Ngakho-ke, kuyatuseka ukuthi abantu abavakashela noma abenza ibhizinisi neLibya babonisane namabhange endawo noma izikhungo zezezimali ukuze bathole ulwazi olunembile mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwemali nokutholakala ezweni. Sekukonke, ngenkathi siqaphela izinselele ezingase zibe khona ezizungeze ukusetshenziswa kwayo phesheya noma ngisho nasekhaya ngaphakathi kweLibya ngokwayo ngenxa yokuntengantenga okuqhubekayo; Imali esemthethweni isasele iDinar yaseLibya (LYD) okwamanje.
Isilinganiso sokushintsha imali
Imali esemthethweni yaseLibya Dinar yaseLibya (LYD). Mayelana nesilinganiso sokushintsha imali uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zemali ezinkulu zomhlaba, sicela wazi ukuthi amanani okushintshanisa angehluka futhi aguquguquke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nazi ezinye izilinganiso zokushintshisana kusukela ngoSepthemba 2021: I-USD eyi-1 (iDola lase-United States) ≈ 4 LYD 1 EUR (Euro) ≈ 4.7 LYD 1 GBP (Ipondo laseBrithani) ≈ 5.5 LYD 1 CNY (i-Chinese Yuan) ≈ 0.6 LYD Sicela ukhumbule ukuthi lezi zibalo ziyalinganiselwa futhi zingase zingabonisi izilinganiso zokushintshisana zamanje ngokunembile. Ukuze uthole ulwazi lwakamuva nolunembayo, kuyatuswa ukuthi uhlole isikhungo sezezimali noma ubhekisele emithonjeni ethembekile egxile emazingeni okushintshanisa imali.
Amaholide Abalulekile
Kunamaholide amaningana abalulekile agujwa eLibya unyaka wonke. Iholide elilodwa eliphawulekayo yi-Revolution Day, ewela ngo-September 1st. Kukhunjulwa impumelelo eyimpumelelo yokuketula umbuso eyayiholwa ngu-Muammar Gaddafi ngo-1969, okwaziwa ngeNguquko yaseLibya. Ngaleli holidi, abantu baseLibya bagubha ukuzimela kwabo ekuthathweni kwamanye amazwe kanye nokusungulwa kombuso omusha. Abantu bayahlangana ukuze babambe iqhaza emigudwini kazwelonke, bahambele izinkulumo zezikhulu zikahulumeni, futhi bajabulele imicimbi yamasiko nemicimbi eyahlukene. Le migubho ihlanganisa imidanso yesintu, imidlalo yomculo, nemibukiso ekhombisa ngamagugu aseLibya. Elinye iholide elibalulekile uSuku Lokuzimela ngo-December 24. Kuphawula ukukhululwa kweLibya ekubusweni ngamakholoni ase-Italy ngo-1951 ngemva kokulwela inkululeko isikhathi eside. Lolu suku lukhombisa ukuzigqaja kwezwe kanye nenkululeko kubantu baseLibya ababelwela ukuzimela. Ngalolu suku, abantu bahlanganyela emigubhweni yomphakathi ezweni lonke ngemikhosi yokuphakamisa ifulegi kanye nokudlalwa komculo okwenzeka emadolobheni amakhulu njenge-Tripoli noma i-Benghazi. Imindeni ivamise ukuhlangana ukuze yabelane ngezidlo, ishintshisane ngezipho, futhi izindle ngohambo lwezwe layo olubheke ekutholeni inkululeko. I-Eid al-Fitr ngomunye umkhosi ovelele ogujwa amaSulumane emhlabeni wonke ophawula ukuphela kwenyanga yokuzila iRamadan unyaka ngamunye. Yize ingagcini nje eLibya kuphela kodwa ibonwe ngesasasa elikhulu ezweni lonke ngemikhuleko ekhethekile kuma-mosque elandelwa idili kanye nomndeni nabangane. Lawa maholide amele ingqophamlando ebalulekile emlandweni waseLibya kanye nethuba lokuthi abantu bahlangane njengesizwe esibumbene ngaphansi kwamagugu afanayo okushisekela izwe nokuziqhenya. Bavumela abantu baseLibya ukuthi bagubhe amagugu abo acebile kuyilapho bekwazisa futhi imizabalazo yabo yenkululeko- kokubili impumelelo yangaphambilini eye yakha i-Libya yanamuhla.
Isimo Sohwebo Lwangaphandle
I-Libya, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iSifundazwe saseLibya, iyizwe eliseNyakatho ne-Afrika. Umnotho wezwe uthembele kakhulu ekuthumeleni uwoyela negesi kwamanye amazwe. ILibya inezinqolobane eziningi zikawoyela, okuyenza ibe ngenye yabakhiqizi bakawoyela abakhulu e-Afrika. Imboni kawoyela yezwe ibamba cishe amaphesenti angama-90 emali engenayo yokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe futhi ihlinzeka ngemali enkulu kuhulumeni. ILibya ithumela kakhulu uwoyela ongahluziwe emazweni angaphandle, kanti i-Italy inguzakwethu omkhulu wezohwebo ethola uwoyela omningi othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Amanye amazwe angenisa uwoyela waseLibya ahlanganisa iFrance, iJalimane, iSpain neChina. Lezi zizwe zithembele kuzinsiza zamandla zaseLibya ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zazo zasekhaya noma ziqhubekisele phambili izimboni zazo. Ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo kaphethiloli, iLibya iphinde ithumele kwamanye amazwe igesi yemvelo kanye nemikhiqizo ecolisisiwe njengophethiloli nodizili. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthunyelwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe, lokhu kunomthelela omncane ekuhwebeni kwezwe jikelele. Mayelana nokungeniswa kweLibya, isizwe sithenga izimpahla ezahlukene kwamanye amazwe ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zaso ezisetshenziswa ekhaya. Okukhulu okuthengisiwe kwamanye amazwe kuhlanganisa imishini nemishini yezinjongo zezimboni njengemishini yokwakha nezimoto (okuhlanganisa nezimoto), imikhiqizo yokudla (izinhlamvu), amakhemikhali (umanyolo), imithi nemishini yezokwelapha. Ngenxa yokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe okwabonakala kusukela ngo-2011 ngemuva kwemibhikisho yama-Arab Spring yadlondlobala kwaba yimpi yombango eyaholela ekususweni kombuso kaGaddafi; lokhu kube nomthelela embonini yezohwebo yaseLibya. Izingxabano eziqhubekayo ziphazamise izikhungo zokukhiqiza futhi kwaholela ekushintshashintsheni noma ekwehleni kwevolumu yokuthekelisa eminyakeni yamuva nje. Umthamo wezohwebo usuwonke uthintwe kakhulu yilezi zimo kanye nokuguquguquka komhlaba wonke kwamanani entengo kaphethiloli okunomthelela kukho kokubili imali etholwa ngokudayisa kwamanye amazwe kanye nezindleko ezithengisiwe ezithengwa kwamanye amazwe ezibalulekile ezidingekayo ngaphakathi ezweni ukuze kuqhutshwe amabhizinisi noma ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezibalulekile ezweni. Sengiphetha, i-Libya ithembele kakhulu ekuthumeleni uwoyela ongahluziwe ne-Italy enguzakwethu obalulekile kwezohwebo kuyilapho ingenisa impahla ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa imishini nemishini edingekayo ngaphakathi kwamanye amazwe naphezu kokuba ibhekene nezinselelo ngenxa yokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe okunomthelela omubi kokubili ukuguquguquka kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kanye nezici zomnotho zomhlaba ezithonya uphethiloli. amanani anomthelela ekusakazweni kwemali kazwelonke.
Amathuba Okuthuthukisa Imakethe
ILibya, etholakala eNyakatho ne-Afrika, inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa imakethe yayo yohwebo lwangaphandle. Naphezu kokubhekana nezinselelo zezombusazwe nezomnotho eminyakeni yamuva nje, kunezici ezimbalwa eziphakamisa umbono omuhle ngamathemba okuhweba ngamazwe ngamazwe eLibya. Okokuqala, iLibya inezinsiza zemvelo eziningi, ikakhulukazi izinqolobane zikawoyela negesi. Lokhu kunikeza isisekelo esiqinile somkhakha wezwe ohweba ngaphandle futhi kufaka isandla ekuqhudelaneni kwawo emhlabeni jikelele. Njengoba umhlaba uqhubeka nokuncika kakhulu emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, iLibya ingasebenzisa izinsiza zayo zamandla ukuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe futhi ikhuthaze ubudlelwano bohwebo. Okwesibili, iLibya inendawo enamasu okuma kwezwe eseduze ne-Europe kanye nokufinyelela emigwaqweni emikhulu yemikhumbi oLwandle iMedithera. Lesi sikhundla esinenzuzo sinikeza izinzuzo zokungena kukho kokubili ukungenisa nokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla. Ukwengeza, inikeza ithuba lokusungula izindawo zezokuthutha noma izindawo zohwebo lwamahhala ezisiza uhwebo lwesifunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani labantu baseLibya likhulu uma liqhathaniswa namazwe angomakhelwane. Njengoba kunabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyisi-6, kunemakethe yabathengi basekhaya engaba khona engaqhuba isidingo sempahla ekhiqizwe kuleli kanye nephuma kwamanye amazwe. Isigaba esiphakathi esikhulayo ezweni siveza amathuba emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nogesi wabathengi, izimoto, imikhiqizo yokudla, kanye nezindwangu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukwamukela ukuthi iLibya isabhekene nezinselelo ezinjengokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe, ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha, nokushoda kwengqalasizinda. Lezi zindaba kufanele zixazululwe ngaphambi kokugcwaliseka ngokugcwele kwamandla ayo okuhweba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abatshalizimali bamazwe ngamazwe kufanele baqaphe izinguquko kuzinqubomgomo zikahulumeni, ukuzinza kwezombusazwe, kanye nezimo zokuphepha ngaphambi kokungena emakethe yaseLibya. Ucwaningo lwezokumaketha kufanele futhi lwenziwe ngokucophelela, luvumele amabhizinisi ukuba aqonde kangcono izidingo, izitayela, kanye nezintandokazi zabathengi basekhaya. Uhlelo lwebhizinisi oluphusile kufanele lwakhiwe ngendlela evumelana nezimo, ukusimama, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo emnyombeni walo, ukuze kubhekane nokuntengantenga okungenzeka kule makethe esafufusa. Ekugcineni, ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano zamazwe amabili, izithunywa zebhizinisi, kanye nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa amakhono kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni amathuba okuhweba angaphandle phakathi Libya nezinye izizwe. Sengiphetha, i-Lybia inamathuba athembisayo okungena emathubeni ayo okuhweba kwamanye amazwe. Ngokusekelwe phezu kwemithombo yemvelo eningi, indawo yamaqhinga, kanye nemakethe yasekhaya engaba khona, i-Lybia inamandla okuthuthukisa ukugxila ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhangayo.
Imikhiqizo edayiswayo eshisayo emakethe
ILibya, izwe eliseNyakatho ne-Afrika, linemakethe ehlukahlukene yokuhwebelana namanye amazwe. Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni imikhiqizo yemakethe yaseLibya, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinto ezifana nesidingo sendawo, izintandokazi zamasiko, kanye nenzuzo yokuncintisana. Enye yezinto ezingase zidayiswe kakhulu emakethe yezohwebo yangaphandle yaseLibya imikhiqizo yokudla. Isibalo sabantu baseLibya sinesidingo esikhulu sezinto zokudla ezivela kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yokukhiqizwa okulinganiselwe kwezolimo ezweni. Okuyisisekelo njengerayisi, ufulawa kakolweni, uwoyela wokupheka, nezinto ezisemathinini yizinto ezithandwayo. Ukwengeza, imikhiqizo ye-premium efana noshokoledi namaconfectioneries ibamba isikhalazo phakathi kwabathengi abanemali engenayo ephezulu elahlekayo. Izingubo nezembatho nakho kungaba inzuzo emakethe yezohwebo yangaphandle yaseLibya. Ngokukhula kwesibalo sabantu kanye namazinga akhuphukayo okufudukela emadolobheni, kunesidingo esikhulayo sezinketho zezingubo zemfashini phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Imikhiqizo ebhekelela amakhodi okugqoka endabuko yamaSulumane izothola isisekelo sabathengi esikhulu. Izinto zikagesi nezikagesi zingenye ingxenye engase ibe namandla emakethe eLibya. Njengoba izwe liqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yalo kanye nokwenza izimboni zibe zesimanje, kunesidingo esikhulayo sempahla ye-elekthronikhi njengama-smartphone, ama-laptops/amaphilisi, omabonakude, iziqandisi, ama-air conditioner njll. Ngaphezu kwalezi zigaba ezibalulwe ngenhla; izinto zokwakha (ezifana nosimende noma insimbi), imithi (okuhlanganisa nemithi ejwayelekile), imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu (njengezinto zangasese noma izimonyo) nayo ingacatshangelwa lapho kukhethwa izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezimakethe zokuhwebelana zangaphandle zaseLibya. Ukuze ungene ngempumelelo kumathuba okuthengisa emakethe yaseLibya: 1. Yenza ucwaningo olunzulu ngokuthandwa kwendawo: Qonda ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zemikhiqizo ezinesidingo esinamandla phakathi kwabathengi baseLibya. 2. Hlela iminikelo yakho ngokufanele: Qinisekisa ukuthi ukukhetha kwakho kuhambisana nezinkambiso zamasiko nezinto ozikhethayo. 3. Cabangela inzuzo yokuncintisana: Khetha imikhiqizo enamaphuzu okuthengisa ahlukile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinketho ezikhona emakethe yaseLibya. 4. Ukuthobela imithethonqubo: Qinisekisa ukuthobela yonke imithetho edingekayo yokungenisa/yokuthekelisa. 5.Ukuhlaziywa kwemakethe nokwakhiwa kwamasu:Thola imininingwane kochwepheshe mayelana namasu okungena, amanani, ukusebenza kwesiteshi namandla okuncintisana. Ngokuhlaziya ngokucophelela imakethe yaseLibya, ucabangela izimfuno zendawo kanye nenzuzo yokuncintisana, ungenza izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho ukhetha imikhiqizo yohwebo lwangaphandle eLibya. Khumbula njalo ukugada amathrendi emakethe futhi uvumelanise ukukhetha kwakho komkhiqizo ngokufanele.
Izici zekhasimende kanye ne-taboo
I-Libya iyizwe laseNyakatho Afrika elinezinhlobonhlobo zezici zamakhasimende kanye nokuzwela kwamasiko. Ukuqonda lezi zici kanye nama-taboos kungasiza amabhizinisi ahlanganyele ngempumelelo namakhasimende aseLibya. 1. Ukungenisa izihambi: Abantu baseLibya baziwa ngomoya wabo wokungenisa izihambi ofudumele nokuphana. Lapho uqhuba ibhizinisi eLibya, kubalulekile ukubuyisela lokhu kungenisa izihambi ngokuba nesizotha, inhlonipho, nomusa. 2. Okugxile ebudlelwaneni: Ukwakha ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu kubalulekile uma wenza ibhizinisi eLibya. Abantu baseLibya babeka phambili ukwethembana futhi bakhetha ukwenza ibhizinisi nabantu ababaziyo noma abethulwe kubo ngokuxhumana okuthembekile. 3. Ukuhlonipha ubuholi: Umphakathi waseLibya unesakhiwo esilandelanayo lapho iminyaka, isikhundla, kanye nesikhundla kubaluleke kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukukhombisa inhlonipho kubantu abadala noma labo abasezikhundleni ngesikhathi sokusebenzelana kwebhizinisi. 4. Izembatho ezilandelanayo: Isiko laseLibya lilandela amasiko amaSulumane alandelanayo lapho kulindeleke khona izingubo ezinesizotha, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane. Uma wenza ibhizinisi e-Libya, kuyatuseka ukuthi ugqoke ngendlela efanele ngokugqoka amahembe anemikhono emide noma izingubo ezivala amadolo. 5. Gwema izihloko ezibucayi: Ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezibucayi njengepolitiki, inkolo (ngaphandle uma kunesidingo), nezingxabano zobuzwe kufanele kugwenywe phakathi nezingxoxo namakhasimende aseLibya njengoba lezi zindaba zingase zihlukanise kakhulu. 6. Ukugcina isikhathi: Abantu baseLibya bayakwazisa ukugcina isikhathi; nokho, imihlangano ingase iqale sekwephuzile ngenxa yemikhuba yamasiko noma izimo ezingalindelekile ezingaphezu kwamandla abo. Kubalulekile ukuhlela ngendlela efanele kuyilapho ulondoloza ukubekezela nokuvumelana nezimo. 7. Izincomo ngokudla- Uma umenywe esidlweni ekhaya lothile eLibya noma endaweni yokudlela kungaba kuhle kakhulu uma kunconywa ikhwalithi yokudla ngenxa yokuthi lowo owenzayo uzocabanga kakhulu ngawe. Kafushane, Ukunaka amasiko e-Libya kuholela ekusebenzisaneni ngempumelelo namakhasimende lapho. Yiba nomqondo ovulekile, onenhlonipho, onesizotha, futhi ovumelana nezimo, inkampani yakho cishe izozuza ubudlelwano obuyimpumelelo namakhasimende aseLibya.
Uhlelo lokuphathwa kweCustoms
I-Customs Administration yase-Libya isungule imithethonqubo ethile nemihlahlandlela yokuphatha ukulawulwa kwezimpahla kanye nokuphepha kwemingcele ezweni. Lezi zinyathelo zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuvikeleka kwezimpahla kanye nabantu abangena noma abaphuma ezindaweni zaseLibya. Abantu noma izinhlangano ezifuna ukungena eLibya kufanele zazi ngezidingo ezithile zamasiko futhi zilandele lezi ziqondiso ezilandelayo: 1. Isimemezelo: Bonke abahambi kudingeka bagcwalise ifomu lesimemezelo sentela lapho befika noma behamba, besho imiphumela yabo siqu, izimpahla ezibalulekile, nanoma yiziphi izinto ezivinjelwe/ezinqatshelwe okungenzeka baziphethe. 2. Izinto Ezikhawulelwe/Ezinqatshelwe: Izinto ezithile ezifana nezikhali, izidakamizwa, izilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala, izithombe zocansi, imali-mbumbulu, njll., azivunyelwe ngokuphelele ukungeniswa/ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle/ngaphandle kwe-Libya. Kubalulekile ukuthi abahambi bazijwayeze ngohlu oluphelele lwezinto ezikhawulelwe/ezinqatshelwe ngaphambi kohambo. 3. Amadokhumenti Okuvakasha: Amaphasipoti kufanele asebenze okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha kusukela ngosuku lokungena eLibya. Izidingo ze-visa ziyahlukahluka kuye ngobuzwe; ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi abahambi bahlole amalungiselelo e-visa ngaphambi kokufika emachwebeni okungena eLibya. 4. Izinqubo Zokusula: Lapho izivakashi zifika eLibya, kufanele zidlule lapho kuvunyelwa ukungena khona lapho izincwadi zazo zokuhamba zizohlolwa kanye nemithwalo yazo. Imishini yokuskena ye-elekthronikhi ingase isetshenziswe phakathi nale nqubo. 5.Izimpahla Zomsebenzi: Abantu abahlose ukuthwala izinto zokusebenza (ezifana nemishini yokuthwebula amakhamera) kufanele bathole izimvume ezidingekayo kuziphathimandla ezifanele kusengaphambili. 6.Ukungenisa/Ukuthekelisa Kwesikhashana: Uma uhlela ukuletha impahla ezweni okwesikhashana (njengamakhompyutha aphathekayo), imvume yesikhashana yokungenisa ezweni ingase idinge ukuba itholwe ezimakethe; le mvume iqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zinto ngeke zidinge izintela/imisebenzi yendawo lapho uzithumela kabusha lapho zihamba. 7.Imithetho Yemali: Abahambi abaphethe imali engaphezu kuka-10,000 wamadinari aseLibya (noma okulingana nawo) kufanele bakumemezele lapho bengena/bephuma kodwa kube nemikhondo ephathelene semthethweni njengamathikithi okushintshana ngamarisidi ahlinzekwa amabhange uma imali itholwe ngokusemthethweni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imithetho nezinqubo zamasiko eLibya zingashintsha; ngakho-ke, kuyatuseka ukuthi abahambi bacwaninge futhi bahlale benolwazi mayelana nemihlahlandlela yakamuva ngaphambi kohambo lwabo.
Izinqubomgomo zentela zokungenisa
Inqubomgomo yentela yaseLibya yokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ihlose ukulawula kanye nokulawula ukugeleza kwezimpahla kuleli kanti futhi ingenisa imali kuhulumeni. Izilinganiso zentela yokungenisa ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo ongeniswayo. Ezintweni ezibalulekile njengokudla, imithi, nosizo lokusiza abantu, i-Libya igcina izinga lentela yokungenisa ephansi noma eyiziro. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukuhamba kahle kwezimpahla ezidingekayo ezweni, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamizi zakhona ziyakwazi ukuthola izinsiza ezibalulekile. Kodwa-ke, ezintweni zokunethezeka ezingabalulekile ezifana ne-electronics, izimoto, nezimonyo, izintela eziphezulu zokungenisa ziyafakwa ukuze kunqandwe ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile nokukhuthaza izimboni zasekhaya. Lezi zintela zingasukela ku-10% ziye ku-30%, zikhuphule izindleko zezimpahla zikanokusho ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Ukwengeza, i-Libya isebenzise izinqubomgomo ezithile zentela emikhiqizweni ethile ngokuhambisana nezinto ezibalulekile kuzwelonke. Isibonelo, kungase kube nezintela eziphakeme ezimotweni ezingenisiwe ukuze kuvikelwe ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto zasekhaya noma ukukhuthaza izitshalo zokuhlanganisa izimoto zasendaweni. Le nqubomgomo ihlose ukugqugquzela ukukhula komnotho kanye nokunciphisa ukuncika ekuthengeni impahla evela kwamanye amazwe ngokugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iLibya iphinde igcine izivumelwano zokuhwebelana namazwe ahlukahlukene noma amabhlogo wesifunda ezingase zibe nomthelela kuzinqubomgomo zayo zentela yokungenisa. Isibonelo, uma i-Libya iyilungu lesivumelwano sohwebo lwamahhala noma inyunyana yamasiko nezizwe ezithile noma izifunda ezingomakhelwane ingase ijabulele amanani entengo ancishisiwe noma ukukhululwa ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe okuvela kulabo sozakwethu. Sekukonke, inqubomgomo yentela evela eLibya ihlose ukulinganisa ukukhula komnotho nokulawula okulawulwayo kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Ngokulungisa amazinga asekelwe kokubalulekile futhi ahambisane nezinto ezibalulekile kuzwelonke kanye nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe lapho kusebenza khona; le nqubomgomo isebenzela ukugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya ngenkathi igcina ukufinyelela ezimpahleni ezibalulekile kubantu bayo.
Thumela izinqubomgomo zentela
Inqubomgomo yentela yaseLibya yokuthumela ngaphandle ihlose ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho kanye nokuhlukahluka, ukuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana ezimakethe zomhlaba. Izwe ngokuyinhloko lithembele ekuthunyelweni kwe-petroleum njengomthombo walo omkhulu wemali engenayo. 1. Umkhakha Wophethiloli: I-Libya ibeka intela ekuthengisweni kwe-petroleum ngokusekelwe kumanani ezimakethe zomhlaba. Le ntela iqinisekisa ingxenye efanelekile yemali engenayo kuhulumeni kuyilapho ivumela umkhakha ukuthi uhlale wenza inzuzo. Ukwengeza, iLibya ikhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe ekuhloleni nasekukhiqizeni uwoyela ngokusebenzisa imigomo yezimali ekhangayo. 2. Ukuthunyelwa Kwephethiloli Ngaphandle Kwephethiloli: Ukwehlukanisa umnotho wayo, iLibya iphinde ikhuthaze ukuthunyelwa kwephethiloli ngaphandle kokusebenzisa uphethiloli ngokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zentela ezifanele. Uhulumeni ukhokhisa intela encane noma cha emikhiqizweni okungewona kawoyela njengendwangu, izimpahla zezolimo, amakhemikhali, izingxenye zezimoto, nezinto ezikhiqiziwe ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhiqizwa kwazo futhi kukhuphule ukuncintisana kwazo ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. 3. Izinxephezelo Zentela: Iqaphela amandla ezimboni ngaphandle kokumba nokuhluzwa kukawoyela, iLibya ihlinzeka ngezinxephezelo ezehlukene zentela ukuze kuthuthukiswe amabhizinisi agxile ekuthekelweni kwamanye amazwe. Lezi zinzuzo zihlanganisa ukukhululwa noma ukuncishiswa kwentela yemali engenayo yebhizinisi yezinkampani ezithumela ngaphandle kanye nokuyekwa kwentela yempahla noma ukuncishiswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ezigxile ekuthekeliseni. 4. Izindawo Zohwebo Ezikhululekile: I-Libya isisungule izindawo ezimbalwa zokuhwebelana mahhala ezweni lonke ukuze ihehe abatshali bezimali bakwamanye amazwe futhi ikhuthaze ukukhula okuholwa yimpahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Izinkampani ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwalezi zindawo zijabulela izinzuzo ezifana nezinqubo zempahla ephumayo ezilula, ukukhululwa emithelweni yokungenisa impahla engavuthiwe nemishini esetshenziselwa kuphela izinjongo zokukhiqiza ukuthekelisa. 5. Izivumelwano Zokuhwebelana Namazwe Amabili: Ukuze kube lula ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana namanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele, iLibya ingene ezivumelwaneni eziningi zokuhwebelana ezihlose ukunciphisa imigoqo ekungeneni ngokusebenzisa amanani entengo akhethekile noma ukufinyelela ngaphandle kwentela kwezimpahla ezithile. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana namazinga entela athile noma izinqubomgomo zingase zishintshe ngenxa yezimo zomnotho ezithuthukayo noma izinqumo zikahulumeni; ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi izinhlangano ezinentshisekelo zithintane nemithombo esemthethweni noma zifune izeluleko zochwepheshe ngaphambi kokuzibandakanya emisebenzini yokuhwebelana yamazwe ngamazwe neLibya.
Kudingeka izitifiketi zokuthekelisa
ILibya, etholakala eNyakatho Afrika, yaziwa ngezinqolobane zayo ezicebile zikawoyela negesi, okwenza ingxenye ebalulekile yokuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nobuqiniso bemikhiqizo yayo ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, iLibya iqalise inqubo yokunikeza isitifiketi sokuthumela ngaphandle. Isiphathimandla esiyinhloko esinomthwalo wemfanelo wokunikeza isitifiketi sokuthekelisa e-Libya yi-Libyan National Export Development Centre (NEDC). I-NEDC isebenza njengenhlangano elawulayo eqinisekisa futhi eqinisekisa umsuka, ikhwalithi, amazinga okuphepha, kanye nokuthotshelwa kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Abathumeli abavela kwamanye amazwe eLibya kudingeka ukuthi bagcwalise imibandela ethile ukuze bathole isitifiketi sokuthekelisa. Le mibandela ingase ihlanganise ukuhlinzeka ngamadokhumenti avumelekile njengama-invoyisi, izinhlu zokupakisha, izitifiketi zokuzalwa (COO), imibiko yokuhlaziywa komkhiqizo eqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe emazingeni ezempilo nokuphepha. Ukwengeza, kuye ngohlobo lomkhiqizo othunyelwa ngaphandle usuka e-Libya, izitifiketi ezikhethekile zingadingeka. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yezolimo noma yokudla ingadinga izitifiketi ze-phytosanitary ezikhishwe iziphathimandla ezifanele ezifakazela ukuthi ayinazo izinambuzane noma izifo. Uma zonke izidingo sezihlangatshezwane nokuhlolwa okudingekayo okwenziwa iziphathimandla eziqokiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulandelwa kwemithetho esebenzayo kuqedwa ngempumelelo; I-NEDC ikhipha isitifiketi esisemthethweni sokuthekelisa. Lo mbhalo usebenza njengobufakazi bokuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana namazinga adingekayo agunyazwe ama-ejensi kahulumeni wase-Libya futhi ungathunyelwa ngokusemthethweni ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Inqubo yesitifiketi sokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe iqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zaseLibya ziyahlangabezana namazinga omhlaba futhi ikhulisa ukuncintisana kwazo phesheya kwezilwandle. Kuphinde kusize ukugcina obala ezinkambisweni zohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kuyilapho kubhekwana nanoma yiziphi izingcuphe ezingaba khona ezihlobene nemikhiqizo yomgunyathi noma esezingeni eliphansi ethunyelwa ngaphandle isuka e-Libya. Sengiphetha, ukuthola isitifiketi sokuthumela ngaphandle kwaNEDC kubalulekile kwabathumela impahla eLibya njengoba kuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zabo ziyahambisana nemithethonqubo efanele. Lokhu kusiza ukwakha ukwethembana phakathi kwabahwebi bamazwe ngamazwe kuyilapho kuvikela izithakazelo zabathengi ngokuthunyelwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu okuvela e-Libya.
Ukuhanjiswa okunconyiwe
I-Libya, etholakala eNyakatho ne-Afrika, ihlinzeka ngezinzuzo eziningana zokuhlela amabhizinisi nezinhlangano ezifuna ukuzibandakanya ekuthuthweni nasekusabalaliseni izimpahla. Okokuqala, iLibya inendawo enamasu okuma kwezwe esebenza njengesango phakathi kweYurophu, i-Afrika kanye neMpumalanga Ephakathi. Lokhu kuyenza ibe isizinda esikahle sohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemisebenzi yezokuthutha. Ugu olubanzi lwaleli zwe eduze noLwandle iMedithera luvumela ukufinyelela kalula emizileni yemikhumbi. Okwesibili, iLibya inengqalasizinda ethuthukiswe kahle ehlanganisa amachweba esimanje, izikhumulo zezindiza, amanethiwekhi emigwaqo kanye nezinhlelo zikaloliwe. Ichweba laseTripoli lingelinye lamachweba amakhulu esifundeni saseMedithera elinezindawo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezikwazi ukuphatha izinhlobo ezahlukene zempahla. Ukwengeza, Isikhumulo Sezindiza Samazwe Ngamazwe SaseMitiga e-Tripoli sinikezela ngezinsizakalo ezinhle kakhulu zokuthutha ngezindiza ezixhuma i-Libya ezindaweni ezinkulu zomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iLibya ibone ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile emkhakheni wayo wezokuthutha eminyakeni yamuva nje. Izinkampani ezizimele seziqhamuke zinikeza izixazululo ezibanzi zezokuthutha okuhlanganisa izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, izinhlelo zokuphatha i-inventory, izinsizakalo zokugunyazwa kwempahla ephumayo, izinsiza zokupakisha kanye nezinketho zokuthunyelwa kwempahla nezinto zokuhamba. Lezi zinkampani ziqinisekisa ukuhamba kahle kwezimpahla ngaphakathi kwezwe kuqinisekisa ukuphathwa kahle kwe-supply chain. Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-Libya yenze izinguquko ezimbalwa okuhloswe ngazo ukwenza lula izinqubo zamasiko kanye nokunciphisa izithiyo eziphathelene nezinqubo zokungenisa/zokuthekelisa. Lokhu kuholele ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kahle embonini yezokuthutha okwenza kube lula ukuhamba kwezimpahla emingceleni yaseLibya. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenxa yokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe okwenzeka eLibya eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuyatuseka ukuthi amabhizinisi afuna izixazululo ngaphakathi kwaleli zwe abambisane nabahlinzeki bendawo abanolwazi lwezokuthutha abanolwazi lwesifunda kanye nemininingwane. Laba bahlinzeki besevisi abamisiwe bangazulazula kunoma yiziphi izinselele ezihlobene nezimo zokuphepha ezishintshashintshayo noma izinguquko zohlaka lokulawula. Sengiphetha, i-Libya inikezela ngamathuba amahle kumabhizinisi afuna izixazululo zosizo ngiyabonga endaweni yayo enenzuzo yendawo, ingqalasizinda ethuthukiswe kahle, ukuba khona kwezinkampani ezizimele ezihlinzeka ngezinsiza ezibanzi kanye nemizamo eqhubekayo okuhloswe ngayo ukwenza lula ukuhwebelana. Ngokubambisana nabahlinzeki bendawo abathembekile bezokuthutha, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukuthutha impahla yawo ngempumelelo futhi aphathe ngempumelelo amaketanga awo okuhlinzeka ngaphakathi ezweni.
Iziteshi zokuthuthukisa umthengi

Imibukiso yokuhweba ebalulekile

I-Libya iyizwe elitholakala eNyakatho Afrika, futhi inabathengi ababalulekile bamazwe ngamazwe, iziteshi zentuthuko, nemibukiso. Lezi zinkundla zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni amathuba ohwebo nawebhizinisi kumabhizinisi asekhaya nawangaphandle. Nazi ezinye ezivelele: 1. I-Tripoli International Fair: Lo mbukiso oba minyaka yonke e-Tripoli, inhloko-dolobha yaseLibya, lo mbukiso uheha ababukisi bamazwe ngamazwe abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene njengowokwakha, ezolimo, ezokuxhumana, ezamandla, imboni yezimoto, izimpahla ezithengwayo, nokunye. Inikeza inkundla enhle kakhulu yezinkampani ukuthi zikhangise ngemikhiqizo namasevisi azo ngenkathi zixhumana nabangase babe abathengi. 2. I-Libyan African Investment Portfolio (LAIP): Isungulwe uhulumeni waseLibya ukuze itshale imali kumaphrojekthi e-Afrika yonkana, i-LAIP inikeza amathuba kubahlinzeki bamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi basebenzisane nezinkampani zaseLibya ezibamba iqhaza kulokhu kutshalwa kwezimali. Lesi siteshi sikhuthaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwamabhizinisi akuleli nawangaphandle. 3. I-African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank): Nakuba ingaqondile e-Libya kuphela kodwa isebenzela izwekazi lonke lase-Afrika yonkana kuhlanganise ne-Libya; I-Afreximbank idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuhwebelana ngaphakathi kwe-Afrika ngokuhlinzeka ngezixazululo zezezimali ezifana nezinsiza zezikweletu zokuthumela ngaphandle kanye nokuxhasa ngezimali amaphrojekthi. Izinkampani ezifuna ukusebenzelana nozakwethu baseLibya zingasebenzisa lesi siteshi ukuxhasa ngezimali imisebenzi yazo. 4. I-Lycos Consortium: Yakhiwe ama-ejensi ahlukene avela emikhakheni yezomnotho yaseLibya okuhlanganisa ezolimo, izimboni, ezohwebo nokumaketha; I-Lycos Consortium ihlose ukudala ubudlelwano phakathi kwamabhizinisi aseLibya nezikhungo zangaphandle noma izinkampani ezinentshisekelo yokutshala imali noma ukwenza ibhizinisi ngaphakathi kweLibya. 5. I-Benghazi International Fair: Yenzeka minyaka yonke edolobheni lase-Benghazi elithathwa njengenye yezikhungo ezinkulu zezohwebo ngaphandle kwe-Tripoli; lo mbukiso ugxile ekukhangiseni imikhiqizo ehlobene nezimboni ezifana namakhemikhali e-petrochemicals nezinto eziphuma kuwoyela ezikhiqiza izitshalo/imishini/impahla ngaphandle kwemboni yezindwangu njll. 6. Umnyango Wezomnotho WaseLibya: Ukuxhumana Nomnyango Wezomnotho kunganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana namathuba okutshala imali emikhakheni eyahlukene yase-Libya njengokuhlola/ukukhiqiza/ukukhiqiza/ukucwenga/izinkonzo, amaphrojekthi engqalasizinda, ezokuvakasha, nokunye. Bangakwazi futhi ukuhlinzeka ngosizo ekuxhumaniseni amabhizinisi amazwe ngamazwe nozakwabo basendaweni. 7. Imibukiso yamazwe ngamazwe nemibukiso phesheya: Amabhizinisi aseLibya avame ukubamba iqhaza emibukisweni yezohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemibukiso, ekhombisa imikhiqizo yawo kubabukeli bamazwe ngamazwe. Le micimbi isebenza njengethuba kubathengi bomhlaba wonke lokuxhumana namabhizinisi aseLibya futhi bahlole ubudlelwano obungaba khona noma amathuba okuthenga. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngenxa yokuntengantenga kwezombusazwe kanye nokukhathazeka kwezokuphepha eLibya eminyakeni edlule, ezinye zalezi ziteshi zingase zibe nokuphazamiseka noma ukulinganiselwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Kodwa-ke, imizamo yenziwa yiziphathimandla zezwe kanye nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kubuyiselwe uzinzo nokukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho ezweni
Kunezinjini zokusesha ezimbalwa ezidumile ezivame ukusetshenziswa e-Libya. Nazi ezinye zazo kanye namakheli abo ewebhusayithi: 1. I-Google (www.google.com.lb): I-Google iyinjini yokusesha esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele futhi idumile nase-Libya. Ihlinzeka ngezinketho eziningi zokusesha futhi inikeza imiphumela enembile. 2. I-Bing (www.bing.com): I-Bing enye injini yokusesha ethandwayo esetshenziswa abasebenzisi abaningi be-inthanethi baseLibya. Inikeza isixhumi esibonakalayo esikhangayo esinezici ezinjengokusesha izithombe nevidiyo. 3. Yahoo! Sesha (search.yahoo.com): Yahoo! Usesho lusasetshenziswa inani elibalulekile labantu e-Libya, nakuba lungase lungagqami njenge-Google noma i-Bing. 4. I-DuckDuckGo (i-duckduckgo.com): I-DuckDuckGo iyinjini yokusesha egxile ekuyimfihlo esithole ukuduma ngenxa yokuzinikela kwayo ekungalandeleleni ulwazi lomsebenzisi noma ukubonisa izikhangiso eziqondene nawe. 5. I-Yandex (yandex.com): I-Yandex iyinjini yokusesha esekelwe e-Russian ebhekelela izidingo zabasebenzisi bamazwe ngamazwe, okuhlanganisa namaLibya, ehlinzeka ngamasevisi ahlukahlukene njengamamephu nokuhumusha kanye namandla ayo okusesha iwebhu. 6. I-StartPage (www.startpage.com): I-StartPage igcizelela ubumfihlo ngokusebenza njengomxhumanisi phakathi kwakho nemiphumela yosesho lwe-Google, iqinisekisa ukuthi ukusesha kwakho kuhlala kuyimfihlo ngenkathi usebenzisa ukunemba kwe-algorithm ye-Google. 7. I-Ecosia (www.ecosia.org): I-Ecosia ihlukile kwezinye izinjini zokusesha ngenxa yesici sayo esivumelana nemvelo - isebenzisa imali engenayo yezikhangiso etholakala ngokusesha ukutshala izihlahla emhlabeni jikelele. 8. I-Mojeek (www.mojeek.co.uk): I-Mojeek iyinjini yokusesha yaseBrithani ezimele ehlose ukunikeza imiphumela engachemile ngaphandle kokulandela ngomkhondo noma ukwenza kube ngokwakho ngokusekelwe kudatha yomsebenzisi. Lezi ezinye nje zezibonelo zezinjini zokusesha ezivame ukusetshenziswa e-Libya; kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi okuthandwayo kungase kwehluke phakathi kwabantu ngokusekelwe kulokho abakuthandayo, izici ezinikezwayo, isivinini, ukwethembeka, kanye nokutholakala ngaphakathi kwe-Libya.

Amakhasi amakhulu aphuzi

Imibhalo eyinhloko yamakhasi aphuzi eLibya ihlanganisa: 1. I-Libyan Yellow Pages: Inkomba esemthethweni yamakhasi aphuzi yamabhizinisi aseLibya. Ihlinzeka ngohlu olubanzi lwezimboni, izinsizakalo, kanye nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene eLibya. Iwebhusayithi: www.lyyellowpages.com 2. I-YP Libya: Uhlu lwemibhalo oluku-inthanethi oluhamba phambili olunikeza uhlu olubanzi lwamabhizinisi emikhakheni eyahlukene e-Libya. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe amabhizinisi ngokusekelwe endaweni, isigaba, namagama angukhiye. Iwebhusayithi: www.yplibya.com 3. Uhla Lwemibhalo Lwebhizinisi Lwe-inthanethi lwase-Libya: Lolu hlu lwemibhalo luqukethe imininingwane egciniwe yezinkampani zaseLibya enolwazi oluningiliziwe ngemikhiqizo namasevisi azo. Abasebenzisi bangasesha amabhizinisi ngezigaba noma baphequlule uhlu oluphelele ngama-alfabhethi noma ngokwesifunda. Iwebhusayithi: www.libyaonlinebusiness.com 4. I-Yellow Pages Africa - Isigaba sase-Libya: Uhla lwemibhalo lwamakhasi aphuzi agxile e-Afrika oluhlanganisa ukufakwa kuhlu okuvela emazweni amaningi okuhlanganisa ne-Libya. Inikeza inkundla yokuthi abasebenzisi bathole amabhizinisi endawo emadolobheni ahlukahlukene ezweni lonke kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana nezincazelo zebhizinisi. Iwebhusayithi: www.yellowpages.africa/libya 5.Libyan-Directory.net: Le webhusayithi isebenza njengesisetshenziswa sebhizinisi esiku-inthanethi esiqondisa abasebenzisi ekutholeni izinkampani zasendaweni ngokuzihlinzeka ngohlu oluhlukaniswe ngaphansi kwemikhakha ehlukene efana nezemfundo, ezokuthutha, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukungenisa izihambi, njll. Iwebhusayithi https://libyan-directory.net/ Lezi zinkomba zamakhasi aphuzi zinikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana namabhizinisi ahlukahlukene asebenza e-Libya futhi ayizinsiza eziwusizo kubo bobabili abantu bendawo nezivakashi abafuna ukuthola imikhiqizo noma amasevisi ngaphakathi kwezwe. Ukuzihlangula: Ulwazi olungenhla lunembile ngesikhathi sokubhala kodwa njalo hlola kabili ubuqiniso bamawebhusayithi ngaphambi kokuwafinyelela njengoba ukutholakala kwewebhusayithi kungashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinkundla ezinkulu zezentengiselwano

I-Libya, izwe eliseNyakatho ne-Afrika, ibone ukuvela kwezinkundla ezimbalwa ezivelele ze-e-commerce. Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi amakhulu we-e-commerce asebenza eLibya: 1. I-Jumia Libya: Enye yezinkundla ezinkulu nezidume kakhulu ze-e-commerce e-Afrika, i-Jumia ikhona naseLibya. Inikeza inhlobonhlobo yemikhiqizo ehlanganisa izinto zikagesi, imfashini, imikhiqizo yobuhle, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, nokunye. Iwebhusayithi https://www.jumia.com.ly/ 2. I-Made-in-Libya: Inkundla ezinikele ekukhangiseni imikhiqizo yase-Libya eyenziwe endaweni kanye nokweseka abadwebi bendawo namabhizinisi. Ibonisa ubuciko obuhlukahlukene bezandla, izinto zokugqoka, izesekeli, izinto zokuhlobisa ikhaya ezihlukile eLibya. Iwebhusayithi: https://madeinlibya.ly/ 3. I-Yanahaar: Indawo yemakethe ye-inthanethi ekhethekile yezinto zemfashini nezingubo zabesilisa nabesifazane. I-Yanahaar ihlanganisa abaklami abahlukahlukene bendawo baseLibya kanye nemikhiqizo yamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi http://www.yanahaar.com/ 4. Thenga-Manje: Indawo yemakethe eku-inthanethi enikezela ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa izinto zikagesi, impahla yasendlini, izinto zemfashini, izimonyo, amathoyizi nokunye okuvela kubathengisi bendawo baseLibya kanye nemikhiqizo yamazwe ngamazwe. Iwebhusayithi http://www.buynow.ly/ 5. I-OpenSooq Libya: Nakuba kungeyona isizindalwazi se-e-commerce kuphela kodwa inkundla yokuhlukaniswa kwe-inthanethi efana ne-Craigslist noma i-Gumtree; ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathenge futhi bathengise izinto ezintsha noma ezisetshenzisiwe kuzo zonke izigaba ezahlukahlukene njengezimoto nezimoto; ukuthengisa izindlu; electronics; ifenisha; imisebenzi njll., okwenza kube inkundla ebalulekile ngaphakathi kwendawo yezentengiselwano yedijithali eLibya. Iwebhusayithi(IsiNgisi): https://ly.opensooq.com/en Iwebhusayithi(isi-Arabhu): https://ly.opensooq.com/ar Lezi ezinye zezibonelo zamapulatifomu amakhulu e-e-commerce asebenza eLibya njengamanje (2021). Kodwa-ke kuhlala kunconywa ukuthi uhlole ezinye izinkundla ezisafufusa noma izimakethe zasendaweni ukuze uthole ulwazi olubanzi lokuthenga.

Izinkundla zokuxhumana ezinkulu

I-Libya, izwe eliseNyakatho ne-Afrika, inezinkundla zokuxhumana ezimbalwa ezidumile ezivame ukusetshenziswa izakhamuzi zakhona. Lezi zinkundla zisiza ukuxhuma abantu futhi kube lula ukuxhumana nokuxhumana. Nalu uhlu lwamawebhusayithi enkundla yezokuxhumana asetshenziswa kakhulu eLibya kanye nama-URL awo: 1. I-Facebook (https://www.facebook.com) - I-Facebook idume kakhulu eLibya, njengamanye amazwe amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baxhumane nabangane nomndeni, babelane ngezibuyekezo, izithombe, namavidiyo, bajoyine amaqembu ngokusekelwe ezintweni abazithandayo noma abasebenzisana nabo, futhi bahlanganyele nabanye ngamazwana nemilayezo. 2. I-Twitter (https://twitter.com) - I-Twitter ingenye inkundla esetshenziswa kabanzi e-Libya eyenza abasebenzisi babelane ngemilayezo emifushane ebizwa ngokuthi "ama-tweets". Abasebenzisi bangalandela ama-akhawunti anentshisekelo, bazibandakanye nezihloko ezithrendayo ngama-hashtag (#), bathumele kabusha okuqukethwe okuvela kumaphrofayela abanye ukuze babelane ngakho nabalandeli babo noma baveze imibono yabo ngama-tweets asesidlangalaleni. 3. I-Instagram (https://www.instagram.com) - Indlela ye-Instagram esekelwe ezibukweni iyenza idume kubantu baseLibya abajabulela ukwabelana ngezithombe namavidiyo avela ezicini ezihlukahlukene zempilo yabo njengokuhlangenwe nakho kohambo, izigigaba zokudla noma imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Abasebenzisi bangahlela izithombe besebenzisa izihlungi ngaphambi kokwabelana ngazo esidlangalaleni noma ngasese ngaphakathi kwemilayezo eqondile. 4. I-LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com) - I-LinkedIn ibhekelela kakhulu ochwepheshe abafuna amathuba okuxhumana noma ukuxhumana okuhlobene nomsebenzi. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe amaphrofayili angochwepheshe agqamisa amakhono abo nolwazi ngenkathi bexhumana nozakwabo noma abaqashi abangase babazi mathupha noma ngokungokoqobo. 5. I-Telegram (https://telegram.org/) - I-Telegram uhlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo esheshayo olunikeza ukubethela ngasemaphethelweni kwezingxoxo ezivikelekile phakathi kwabasebenzisi bayo. Yaziwa ngomsebenzi wayo wengxoxo yeqembu ovumela izingxoxo ezinkulu ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene kusukela ezindabeni kuya kwezokuzijabulisa. 6. I-Snapchat (https://www.snapchat.com/) - I-Snapchat inikeza inkundla yokwabelana ngokuqukethwe kwesikhashana kwesithombe nevidiyo okwaziwa ngokuthi "ama-snaps". Abantu baseLibya bavame ukusebenzisa izihlungi ze-Snapchat ezimakwe endaweni yabo nemicimbi ekhethekile, okukwenza kube ukukhetha okudumile kokuthwebula izikhathi. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi nakuba lezi kungezinye zezinkundla zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa kakhulu e-Libya, kungase kube nezinye izinkundla zasendaweni noma ukuhluka okuqondene nemiphakathi ethile noma izifunda ngaphakathi kwezwe.

Izinhlangano ezinkulu zezimboni

I-Libya inezinhlangano eziningana eziyinhloko zezimboni, ezimele imikhakha eyahlukene yomnotho wayo. Ezinye zalezi zinhlangano ezivelele kanye namakheli azo ewebhusayithi alandelayo yilezi: 1. I-Libyan Iron and Steel Federation (LISF) - Le nhlangano imele umkhakha wensimbi nensimbi e-Libya. Iwebhusayithi: https://lisf.ly/ 2. I-Libyan National Oil Corporation (NOC) - I-NOC inkampani kawoyela kahulumeni ebhekele imboni kawoyela negesi yaseLibya. Iwebhusayithi: https://noc.ly/ 3. I-Libyan American Chamber of Commerce (LACC) - I-LACC isiza ukuhwebelana nokutshalwa kwezimali phakathi kweLibya ne-United States. Iwebhusayithi http://libyanchamber.org/ 4. I-Libyan Chambers of Commerce, Industry, and Agriculture (LCCIA) - I-LCCIA isebenza njengesigungu esimele amabhizinisi kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene e-Libya. Iwebhusayithi http://www.lccia.org.ly/ 5. I-Libyan-European Business Council (LEBC) - I-LEBC ikhuthaza ubudlelwano bezomnotho phakathi kweLibya neYurophu, ikhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali emazweni aseYurophu kuya eLibya. Iwebhusayithi http://lebc-org.net/ 6. I-Libyan-British Business Council (LBBC) - I-LBBC ihlose ukugqugquzela ubudlelwano bebhizinisi phakathi kwe-UK ne-Libya, ihlinzeka ngamathuba okuxhumana ezinkampanini ezivela kuwo womabili la mazwe. Iwebhusayithi https://lbbc.org.uk/ 7. I-General Union of Chambers of Commerce, Industry, & Agriculture in Arab Countries (GUCCIAC) - I-GUCCIAC imele izikhungo zezohwebo kuwo wonke amazwe ama-Arab kuhlanganise ne-Libya, ekhuthaza ukubambisana kwezomnotho ngaphakathi kwesifunda. Iwebhusayithi: https://gucciac.com/en/home Lezi zinhlangano zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izimboni zazo ngenkathi futhi zisiza ubudlelwano bamabhizinisi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kukhule umnotho okusimeme e-Libya.

Amawebhusayithi ebhizinisi nokuhweba

Kunamawebhusayithi amaningana ezomnotho nezohwebo eLibya ahlinzeka ngolwazi ngebhizinisi lezwe, ezohwebo, namathuba okutshala imali. Nalu uhlu lwamawebhusayithi athile avelele anama-URL ahambisanayo: 1. I-Libyan Investment Authority (LIA): Isikhwama somnotho esizimele esibhekele ukuphatha kanye nokutshala izimali ezitholwayo zikawoyela waseLibya. Iwebhusayithi: https://lia.ly/ 2. I-Libyan National Oil Corporation (NOC): Inkampani kahulumeni ebhekele ukuhlola, ukukhiqizwa, kanye nokuthekelisa uwoyela. Iwebhusayithi http://noc.ly/ 3. Isikhungo Sokukhuthaza Ukuthekelisa KwaseLibya: Sikhuthaza futhi sisekela imikhiqizo yaseLibya ukuthi ithunyelwe ngaphandle. Iwebhusayithi http://lepclibya.org/ 4. I-Tripoli Chamber of Commerce, Industry & Agriculture (TCCIA): Imele amabhizinisi esifundeni sase-Tripoli ngokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zezohwebo nokwesekwa. Iwebhusayithi (isi-Arabhu): https://www.tccia.gov.ly/ar/home 5. I-Benghazi Chamber of Commerce & Industry (BCCI): Ithuthukisa imisebenzi yezohwebo esifundeni sase-Benghazi ngokunikeza amabhizinisi amasevisi ahlukahlukene. Iwebhusayithi http://benghazichamber.org.ly/ 6. I-Libyan African Investment Portfolio (LAIP): Isikhwama somnotho esizimele esigxile ekutshalweni kwezimali kuyo yonke i-Afrika. Iwebhusayithi http://www.laip.ly/ 7. IBhange Elikhulu LaseLibya: Libhekelele inqubomgomo yezimali kanye nokulawula umkhakha wamabhange e-Libya. Iwebhusayithi: https://cbl.gov.ly/en 8. Iziphathimandla Ezijwayelekile Zokubhaliswa Kwendawo Yokuhweba Ngokukhululeka kanye Nezinsizakalo Zezezimali (GFTZFRS): Ihlinzeka ngolwazi ngamathuba okutshalwa kwezimali atholakala ezindaweni zamahhala e-Libya. Iwebhusayithi( isi-Arabhu kuphela):https://afdlibya.com/ Noma i-https:/freezones.libyainvestment authority.org 9.Ibhodi Lokutshalwa Kwezimali Kwamanye Amazwe LaseLibya : Isebenzela ukuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwamanye amazwe eLibya ngokuhlinzeka ngezinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze kube lula ukusungulwa kwezinkampani zangaphandle. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.lfib.com

Amawebhusayithi ombuzo wedatha yokuhweba

Nawa amanye amawebhusayithi emibuzo yedatha yokuhweba e-Libya, kanye nama-URL awo: 1. I-World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS): https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/LBY 2. Isizindalwazi se-United Nations Comtrade: https://comtrade.un.org/data/ 3. I-International Trade Center (ITC): https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProduct.aspx?nvpm=1%7c434%7c%7c%7cTOTAL%7c%7c%7c2%7c1%7c1+5+6+8 +9+11+22+%5e846+%5e847+%5e871+%5e940+%5e870 4. I-Observatory of Economic Complexity (OEC): http://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/lby/ 5. I-Libyan Investment Authority: http://lia.com.ly/ Lawa mawebhusayithi ahlinzeka ngedatha yezohwebo kanye nolwazi mayelana nempahla yaseLibya ethengwayo ngaphandle, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, abalingani bokuhweba, nezinye izibalo ezifanele ezihlobene nemisebenzi yezwe yokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe.

Amapulatifomu e-B2b

Kunamapulatifomu amaningi e-B2B eLibya abhekelela amabhizinisi kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zezinkundla ezidumile yilezi: 1. I-Export.gov.ly: Le nkundla inikeza ulwazi namathuba okubambisana kwebhizinisi lamazwe ngamazwe nezinkampani zaseLibya. Bakhuthaza ukuhwebelana nokutshalwa kwezimali phakathi kweLibya namanye amazwe. (I-URL: https://www.export.gov.ly/) 2. I-AfricaBusinessContact.com: Iwuhlu lwemibhalo lwe-B2B oluxhumanisa amabhizinisi ase-Afrika, kuhlanganise nalawo ase-Libya, nabangase bahwebe nabo abavela emhlabeni wonke. Inikeza uhlu olubanzi lwemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo ezivela ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. (URL: https://libya.africabusinesscontact.com/) 3. I-Libyan Yellow Pages: Lolu hlu lwemibhalo oluku-inthanethi lugxile ekuxhumaniseni amabhizinisi endawo aseLibya nalabo abangase babe amakhasimende ezweni kanye nakwamanye amazwe. Inikeza ukufakwa kuhlu kwemikhakha ehlukahlukene njengokukhiqiza, izinsizakalo, ezokwakha, njll., okuvumela amabhizinisi ukuthi abonise imikhiqizo yawo noma amasevisi ngempumelelo. (URL: https://www.libyanyellowpages.net/) 4. Bizcommunity.lk: Nakuba ikakhulukazi iqondise esifundeni saseNingizimu Asia, le nkundla ihlanganisa ingxenye yamabhizinisi emazweni aseNyakatho Afrika njengeLibya futhi. Inikeza izindaba, imininingwane yemboni, amathuba emisebenzi, amaphrofayili enkampani abonisa amaphrojekthi abo noma imikhiqizo/izinkonzo. (URL: https://bizcommunity.lk/) 5. I-Import-ExportGuide.com/Libya: Le webhusayithi ihlinzeka ngeziqondiso zokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe eziqondiswe ngqo ekuqhubekiseni uhwebo phakathi kweLibya namanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele - okuhlanganisa ulwazi olumayelana nemithetho yentela, imibiko yokuhlaziywa kwezimakethe, izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezithinta ubudlelwano bohwebo. (I-URL: http://import-exportguide.com/libya.html) Lezi zinkundla ze-B2B zisebenza njengezinsiza ezibalulekile zezinkampani ezifuna ukuxhumana nozakwabo baseLibya noma ukuhlola amathuba amasha ebhizinisi ngaphakathi kweLibya ngokwayo noma ukusungula ubudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana neyokukhiqiza, amasevisi, amandla, ukwakha, futhi nokuningi. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ama-URL anikeziwe angase ashintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; kunconywa ukwenza usesho lwe-inthanethi usebenzisa izincazelo ezinikeziwe uma noma yiziphi izixhumanisi zingasasebenzi.
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