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Ilizwe jikelele
ISpain, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengoBukumkani baseSpain, lilizwe elikumzantsi-ntshona weYurophu. Umda wePortugal ngasentshona kunye neFransi ukuya emantla-mpuma. ISpain ikwabelana ngemida kunye neAndorra kunye neGibraltar. Ngommandla omalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-505,990 zeekhilomitha, iSpain lilizwe lesine ngobukhulu eYurophu. Inomhlaba owahlukileyo obandakanya iintaba ezinjengePyrenees kunye neSierra Nevada, kunye nonxweme oluhle olugudle uLwandle lweMeditera kunye noLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki. Ilizwe likwaquka iziqithi ezahlukeneyo ezifana neZiqithi zeBalearic ezikwiMeditera kunye neZiqithi zaseCanary kunxweme olukumantla ntshona eAfrika. ISpain inabemi abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-47 abantu kwaye iMadrid iyidolophu enkulu yayo. Ulwimi olusemthethweni siSpanish, nangona iilwimi ezininzi zengingqi ezifana nesiCatalan, isiGalician, isiBasque nazo zithethwa ziinxalenye ezibalulekileyo zemimandla yazo. ISpain yaziwa ngembali yayo etyebileyo kunye nelifa lenkcubeko. Yayikhe yaba lelinye lawona mazwe anamandla kwimbali yehlabathi ngexesha lawo lokuphonononga kunye nekoloniyali ukusuka kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo eyashiya iimpembelelo kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela kubandakanya uMzantsi Melika ngokutshintshiselana ngenkcubeko njengokusasazeka kolwimi okanye uyilo loyilo. Uqoqosho lwaseSpain luphakathi kwelinye lawona malungu makhulu ngaphakathi kwi-European Union (EU) amalungu anamacandelo afana nokhenketho adlala indima ebalulekileyo elandelwa ngamashishini emveliso afana nemveliso yeemoto okanye imveliso yelaphu, kodwa yajongana nemiceli mngeni yasemva kwentlekele yezemali yehlabathi (2008-2009). Kutshanje ibonise ukukhula okuzinzileyo kwangaphambili kwe-covid ngenxa yeenzame zokwahluka kumacandelo onke kubandakanya amandla avuselelekayo afumana isiseko nangakumbi kutsha nje. ISpain yamkele izithethe ezahlukeneyo kuyo yonke imimandla yayo kodwa yabelana ngeempawu zenkcubeko eziqhelekileyo njengokuxabisa iifom zomdaniso womculo we-flamenco okanye ukutya okudumileyo kuquka ne-tapas.Iminyhadala yemveli ibambelele ngokuqinileyo kwiikhalenda; Umnyhadala weLa Tomatina apho abantu baphoselana iitumato qho ngo-Agasti uthandwa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela. Lilonke, iSpain izibonisa ngenkcubeko edlamkileyo, imbonakalo-mhlaba emangalisayo kunye nempembelelo yembali efunyenwe kwiinkulungwane ezininzi iyenza ibe yindawo ephawuleka kakhulu kubakhenkethi ngelixa inegalelo elibalulekileyo kwinkcubeko yeenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.
Imali yeSizwe
Imali yaseSpain yi-Euro (€), eyimali esemthethweni yamazwe amaninzi angamalungu e-European Union. ISpain yamkele i-Euro njengemali yelizwe ngomhla woku-1 kuJanuwari ka-2002, ithatha indawo yePeseta yaseSpain. Ukuba yinxalenye ye-Eurozone, iSpain isebenzisa i-Euro kuzo zonke iintengiselwano zayo zemali, kubandakanya ukuthenga iimpahla kunye neenkonzo, ukuhlawula amatyala, kunye nokuhoxiswa kwemali kwii-ATM. I-Euro yohlulwe kwiisenti ezili-100. Ukutshintshela kwii-Euro kuzise izibonelelo ezininzi kuqoqosho lwaseSpain. Iphelise ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lotshintshiselwano phakathi kwamazwe e-Eurozone kwaye iququzelele urhwebo phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu. Kwenze kube lula ukuhamba kubantu baseSpain kunye nabakhenkethi bamanye amazwe abanokuthi ngoku basebenzise imali enye kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu. Ungafumana imali yebhanki kwiimvaba ezahlukeneyo ezisasazwa eSpain: €5, €10, €20, €50, €100*, €200*, kunye ne500*. Iingqekembe ziyafumaneka ngamahlelo eesenti enye (€0.01), 2 eesenti (€0.02), 5 eesenti (€0.05), 10 yeesenti (€0.10), 20 eesenti (€0.20), 50 eesenti (€0.50), €1 *, kunye ne-€2*. I-Central Bank yaseSpain inoxanduva lokukhupha kunye nokulawula ukunikezelwa kwee-Euro ngaphakathi kwelizwe ukugcina uzinzo lwamaxabiso kunye nokulawula izinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba xa undwendwela okanye uhlala eSpain njengomntu wangaphandle okanye umkhenkethi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usoloko uphethe imali njengoko ingengawo onke amaziko amkela amakhadi etyala okanye ezinye iindlela zentlawulo ye-elektroniki. Ngokubanzi, ngokwamkelwa kwayo i-Euro njengemali yayo esemthethweni ukususela ngoJanuwari 2002, iSpain isebenza ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yemali edibeneyo ekwabelwana ngayo ngamazwe amaninzi aseYurophu aququzelela urhwebo kunye nokwenza utshintshiselwano lwezemali lungenamthungo kwimida.
Imali yokutshintsha
Imali yaseSpain esemthethweni yi-Euro (€). Ngokumalunga neereyithi zotshintshiselwano eziqikelelwayo zeemali ezinkulu ngokuchasene ne-Euro, nceda uqaphele ukuba la maxabiso atshintshatshintsha rhoqo kwaye ayahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumthombo othile kunye nexesha. Nangona kunjalo, nalu uqikelelo lwangoku (lunokutshintshwa): I-Euro e-1 (€) imalunga: - 1.12 yeedola zaseMelika ($) -0.85 Pound yaseBritani (£) - 126.11 Yen yaseJapan (¥) - 1.17 Swiss Francs (CHF) - 7.45 iYuan yaseTshayina Renminbi (¥) Nceda uqaphele ukuba la manani ayalatha kwaye asenokungameli elona xabiso lotshintshiselwano nangawuphi na umzuzu. Ukufumana ulwazi oluhlaziyiweyo kunye nolwazi oluchanekileyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhangele kwiziko lezemali elithembekileyo okanye iwebhusayithi yokuguqula imali / i-app.
Iiholide ezibalulekileyo
ISpain lilizwe elityebileyo kwinkcubeko nakwimbali, kwaye libhiyozela iiholide ezininzi ezibalulekileyo unyaka wonke. Eminye yemikhosi ebaluleke kakhulu iquka: 1. I-Semana Santa (iVeki eNgcwele): Lo mbhiyozo wenkolo wenziwa kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo kulo lonke elaseSpain, kunye neSeville yenye yezona ndawo zidumileyo kwimingcelele yayo ebanzi. Sisikhumbuzo sentlungu, ukufa, nokuvuka kukaYesu Krestu. 2. La Tomatina: Ibanjwe ngoLwesithathu wokugqibela ka-Agasti e-Buñol kufuphi ne-Valencia, lo mnyhadala uyingqayizivele waziwa ngokuba ngumlo we-tomato omkhulu kwihlabathi. Abathathi-nxaxheba bagibiselana ngeetumato ukubhiyozela lo mnyhadala udlamkileyo nomdaka. 3. I-Feria de Abril (uMbono ka-Aprili): Iqhutyelwa eSeville kwiiveki ezimbini emva kweCawa yePasika, lo msitho weveki yonke ubonisa inkcubeko yama-Andalusi ngokusebenzisa abadanisi be-flamenco, imiboniso yokulwa nenkunzi yenkomo, imiboniso yamahashe, iimidlalo zomculo wesintu, kunye nokuhombisa okumibalabala. 4. I-Fiesta de San Fermín: Eyona nto idume ngokubhiyozelwa ePamplona phakathi kwe-6 kaJulayi kunye ne-14th minyaka le, lo mnyhadala uqala ngokuthi "Ukubaleka kweeBulls," apho abathathi-nxaxheba abanobuganga babaleka kwizitrato ezimxinwa baleqwa ziinkunzi. 5. La Falles de València: Ibhiyozelwe ukususela ngo-Matshi 15th ukuya ku-Matshi 19th kwisixeko saseValencia kunye neminye imimandla eyahlukeneyo kwiphondo laseValencia; kubandakanya ukumisa imifanekiso eqingqiweyo emikhulu ye-papier-mâché elandelwa yimiboniso yeziqhushumbisi kunye nemingcelele phambi kokuba itshiswe ngomhla wokugqibela. 6. I-Día de la Hispanidad (uSuku lwe-Hispanic): Ibhiyozelwa ngo-Oktobha 12th kulo lonke elaseSpeyin ukukhumbula ukufika kukaChristopher Columbus eMelika; ibandakanya imikhosi yasemkhosini kunye nemisebenzi yenkcubeko ebonisa ilifa laseSpain. Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yeminyhadala ebalulekileyo yaseSpain ebonisa izithethe zayo ezityebileyo kunye neyantlukwano edlamkileyo yenkcubeko kuyo yonke imimandla eyahlukeneyo yelizwe.
Imeko yoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle
ISpain ngumdlali ophambili kurhwebo lwehlabathi, eyaziwa ngoqoqosho lwayo oludlamkileyo olujolise kumazwe angaphandle. Ilizwe ligcina ulungelelwano olusempilweni lwezorhwebo, kunye nempahla ethunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle idlula impahla ephuma kumazwe angaphandle. Nanga amanye amagqabantshintshi emeko yorhwebo yaseSpain: 1. Izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle: ISpain inoluhlu olwahlukeneyo lweemveliso ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, kuquka iimoto, oomatshini, amachiza, amayeza, kunye neemveliso zolimo. Ngomnye wabavelisi beemoto ezinkulu eYurophu kwaye wenza iimoto ezisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa ekhaya kunye neemarike zamazwe ngamazwe. 2. AMahlakani aKhulu okuRhweba: ISpain iqhuba urhwebo olubalulekileyo namazwe akwiManyano yaseYurophu (EU), ngakumbi iFransi, iJamani, ne-Itali. Ngaphandle kwendawo ye-EU, inobudlelwane obuqinileyo borhwebo kunye ne-United States kunye nezizwe zaseLatin America ezifana neMexico. 3. Imizi-mveliso eqhuba ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle: Ukwenziwa kweemoto kuhlala kulicandelo elibalulekileyo elifaka igalelo kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zaseSpain. Amanye amashishini abalaseleyo abandakanya itekhnoloji yamandla avuselelekayo (ezinje ngee turbines zomoya kunye neepaneli zesola), ukutya okufana neoyile yomnquma kunye newayini eziveliswa kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yaseSpain. 4. Izinto ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle: Ngelixa iSpain ithumela ngaphandle ngaphezu kokuba ithenga kumazwe angaphandle ngokubanzi ngenxa yecandelo layo lezoshishino elomeleleyo, isaxhomekeke ekuthengisweni kwempahla ethile efana nemithombo yamandla (i-oyile negesi) ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zayo zasekhaya. 5. INtsalela yoRhwebo: Kwiminyaka yakutsha nje, iSpain ithe gqolo ivelisa intshiyekela yorhwebo ngenxa yendlela yayo ekhawulezileyo yokukhuthaza utyalo-mali lwangaphandle kumacandelo awohlukeneyo kunye nokusebenza ngamandla kokuthumela ngaphandle. 6. URhwebo lwe-Intercontinental: Ngobudlelwane bembali kwi-Latin America ngefa lemveli le-colonization okanye uqhagamshelwano lweelwimi (izizwe ezithetha iSpanishi), iinkampani zaseSpain ziye zandisa ubukho bazo apho ngokutyala imali kwiiprojekthi zeziseko okanye ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zobungcali. 7.Ubudlelwane boRhwebo ngaphakathi kwe-EU: Ukuba lilungu elisebenzayo leManyano yaseYurophu ukususela ngo-1986 kuvumela amashishini aseSpain ukuba afikelele lula kwamanye amazwe angamalungu ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana nemiqobo ebanzi xa kurhweba iimpahla okanye iinkonzo. 8.IiNkonzo eziKhulayo kwiCandelo leeMpahla ngaphandle:Nangona ngokwesithethe zaziwa ngeempahla ezibambekayo ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle; okwangoku utyalo-mali lujoliswe ekomelezeni icandelo leenkonzo zobugcisa nalo elibandakanya amaqela ophuhliso lwezisombululo ze-IT abonelela ngeemfuno zesoftware kulo lonke elaseYurophu okanye iifemu zentengiso yedijithali ezijolise kubathengi abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Amandla oshishino eSpain, indawo ahlala kuyo, kunye nobulungu be-EU buyibeke njengomdlali obalulekileyo kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Uqoqosho lwelizwe olugxile ekuthengiseni kumazwe angaphandle kunye noluhlu lweemveliso ezahlukeneyo luvumela ubudlelwane obuqinileyo borhwebo kunye namahlakani aseYurophu kunye nehlabathi.
Uphuhliso lweMakethi olunokubakho
ISpain inamandla amakhulu okuphuhlisa imarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Ngendawo ecwangcisiweyo eYurophu, isebenza njengesango elifanelekileyo kwiManyano yaseYurophu kunye neemarike zaseLatin America. Iziseko ezingundoqo zelizwe eziphuhliswe kakuhle, eziquka izibuko zala maxesha nezikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, ziququzelela ukuthuthwa kwempahla ngendlela efanelekileyo. ISpeyin idume ngokuba necandelo lezolimo elomeleleyo, ivelisa iziqhamo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, imifuno, iwayini kunye neoli yomnquma. Oku kubeka ilizwe njengomthengisi onomtsalane kurhwebo lwehlabathi. Ngaphaya koko, iSpain inecandelo lemizi-mveliso elahluka-hlukeneyo ukusuka kwiimoto ukuya kwitekhnoloji yamandla avuselelekayo. Ubungcali bayo kula mashishini bubonelela ngamathuba okuthumela iimveliso ezikhethekileyo kumazwe angaphandle. Urhulumente waseSpain ukhuthaza utyalo-mali lwangaphandle ngokunika inkuthazo efana nekhefu lerhafu kunye neenkqubo zolawulo olulungelelanisiweyo. Ezi nzame zitsale iinkampani zezizwe ngezizwe ukuba ziseke ubukho bazo eSpain, okomeleza ngakumbi ukuthunyelwa kwayo kumazwe angaphandle. Ukongeza, ishishini lokhenketho laseSpain liyachuma ngenxa yeelwandle zalo ezintle, inkcubeko etyebileyo, kunye neendawo zembali. Oku kuveza amathuba okwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwenkonzo kumazwe angaphandle njengeenkonzo zobubele kunye neemveliso ezinxulumene nokhenketho. Ngaphaya koko, iSpain inabasebenzi abanezakhono eziphezulu abanamanqanaba alungileyo emfundo kuwo onke amacandelo ahlukeneyo. Obu buxhakaxhaka bokusebenza buvumela uphuhliso lweemveliso ezintsha kunye neenkonzo ezinokuthunyelwa ngempumelelo kumazwe angaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuvuma ukuba kukho imingeni kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseSpain ngokunjalo. Ilizwe lijongene nokhuphiswano oluvela kwamanye amazwe e-EU anesakhono esifanayo sokuthumela ngaphandle. Ukongeza, ukuguquguquka kwezoqoqosho kunokuchaphazela imfuno yabathengi kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokubanzi, ngendawo ekuyo, amashishini ahlukeneyo afana nezolimo kunye necandelo lemveliso kunye nenkxaso karhulumente kutyalo-mali lwangaphandle kwenza iSpain ibe lilizwe elithembisayo lokuhlola amathuba orhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Iimveliso ezishushu ezithengiswayo kwimarike
Xa kuziwa ekufumaneni iimveliso ezithengiswayo ezishushu kwimarike yorhwebo yangaphandle yaseSpain, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimeko zenkcubeko noqoqosho zelizwe. 1. IGastronomy: ISpain idume ngenkcubeko yayo yokupheka, ukwenza ukutya neziselo zibeludidi olunengeniso. Ukuntywiliselwa kwinkcubeko ye-tapas, ioyile yomnquma yaseSpain, iwayini, itshizi, kunye neham enyangisiweyo zizinto ezixatyiswa kakhulu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. 2. Ifashoni kunye neMilaphu: ISpain ifumene ukuwongwa kwishishini lefashoni kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Ngokukodwa, iimpahla zesikhumba zaseSpain ezifana neebhegi kunye nezihlangu zinemfuno ebalulekileyo yehlabathi ngenxa yomgangatho wobugcisa bazo. 3. Iimveliso ezinxulumene nokhenketho: Njengenye yezona ndawo ziphezulu zabakhenkethi kwihlabathi jikelele, iSpain ibonelela ngamathuba amaninzi ezinto ezinxulumene nokhenketho njengezikhumbuzo, imisebenzi yezandla yalapha ekhaya (kuquka izinto zomdongwe okanye izincedisi zeflamenco), isinxibo semveli/urhwebo lwemveli. 4. IiMveliso zaMandla aVuselelwayo: Ngokuqwalasela okukhulayo kuzinzo kwihlabathi jikelele, iSpain ikhokelela kubuchwepheshe bamandla ahlaziyekayo afana neepaneli zelanga okanye ukuveliswa kweeinjini zomoya. Ukuthumela ezi zisombululo ziluhlaza kunokubonelela kwiimfuno ezikhulayo zamazwe ngamazwe. 5. Izithambiso kunye ne-Skincare: Ishishini lobuhle laseSpain liyachuma kunye neempawu ezidumileyo ezinikezela ngezithambiso ezikumgangatho ophezulu eziphuculwe izithako zendalo ezifana neoli yomnquma okanye i-aloe vera extract. 6. Isihombiso saseKhaya kunye nefanitshala: Ngokuqhelekileyo inxulunyaniswa nobuhle kunye nobugocigoci phakathi kwabantu baseSpain zizinto ezizodwa zokuhombisa ikhaya ezifana neeseramics ezivela e-Andalusia okanye ifenitshala ebonisa i-motifs yendabuko yaseSpain enomtsalane kubantu basekhaya kunye nabathengi kwihlabathi jikelele. 7. ICandelo lobuChwepheshe kunye ne-Eletroniki: Njengoqoqosho oluhambele phambili, iSpain izingca ngeenkampani zobuchwepheshe ezikhuphisanayo ezivelisa izixhobo ezintsha eziquka ii-smartphones/iitafile, izixhobo ezinxitywayo, okanye iinkqubo ezizisebenzelayo zasekhaya; ukugxila kwezi ndawo kunokukhokelela ekungeneni ngempumelelo kwimarike. Ukukhetha ngokufanelekileyo iimveliso ezithengiswayo ezishushu kuyo nayiphi na imarike yangaphandle njengeSpain: - Ukuqhuba uphando lwemarike: Qonda izinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi ngophando/udliwano-ndlebe - Hlalutya abakhuphisana nabo: Chonga i-niches yemveliso eyimpumelelo ngelixa uqwalasela izikhewu ukuphepha ukhuphiswano olunzima - Vavanya ulungiselelo kunye nemiba enxulumene nemimiselo (imisebenzi yezithethe, iimfuno zesiqinisekiso, njl.njl.) - Funa intsebenziswano kunye nabathengisi basekhaya / iingcali ukuququzelela ukungena kwimarike -Lungelelanisa ukupakishwa, imathiriyeli yokuthengisa kunye neenkcazo zemveliso ukuze zihambelane nezinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi baseSpain -Jonga iintsingiselo zemarike ngokuqhubekayo ukuze uhlale uphambi kwegophe. Lilonke, ukuqonda ngokucokisekileyo inkcubeko yaseSpain, imeko yezoqoqosho, kunye nokuziphatha kwabathengi ngundoqo xa kusenziwa isigqibo ngeendidi zemveliso ezibonisa ukubakho kwemfuno ephezulu kunye nempumelelo kwimarike yorhwebo lwangaphandle.
Iimpawu zabathengi kunye ne-taboo
ISpain, ekumzantsi-ntshona weYurophu, yaziwa ngembali yayo etyebileyo, inkcubeko edlamkileyo, kunye nokubuka iindwendwe okufudumeleyo. Abantu baseSpain ngokuqhelekileyo banobuhlobo kwaye bamkelekile kubakhenkethi. Bazingca ngezithethe nezithethe zabo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele iimpawu ezithile zabathengi kunye ne-taboos xa undwendwela eSpain. Abathengi baseSpain bayabuxabisa ubudlelwane bomntu kwaye bakhetha intsebenziswano efudumeleyo nenobubele namashishini. Ukwakha ukuthembana kubalulekile ekusekeni ubudlelwane obunempumelelo beshishini eSpain. Kuqhelekile ukuba abantu baseSpeyin babandakanyeke kwincoko encinane ngaphambi kokuba baxubushe ngemibandela yezoshishino njengendlela yokwenza unxibelelwano lobuqu. Ukulawula ixesha kusenokwahluka kwezinye izithethe, njengoko abantu baseSpeyin bebubeka njengento ebalulekileyo ubomi bentsapho nokunxulumana. Iintlanganiso zidla ngokuqala kade okanye ziqhube ixesha elide kunelicwangcisiweyo ngenxa yeencoko ezingacwangciswanga okanye amathuba okunxibelelana avela ebudeni bendibano. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-etiquette yokutya, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba isidlo sasemini sisidlo esikhulu sosuku eSpain. Abathengi baseSpain bayakuxabisa ukutya ngokuzolileyo apho banokuphumla khona kwaye banandiphe ukutya kwabo kunye nencoko entle. Ukutya ngokungxamisekileyo okanye ukucela ibhili ngokukhawuleza kunokuthathwa njengokungathobekiyo. Ngaphaya koko, ukubamba ixesha akunakusoloko kugxininiswa kakhulu kwiindawo zentlalo kodwa kuhlala kubalulekile kwidinga leengcali okanye iintlanganiso zoshishino. Ngokuphathelele amasiko okupha izipho, ngoxa kungeyomfuneko ukunikela izipho ebudeni beentlanganiso zokuqala okanye uthethathethwano nabathengi baseSpeyin, ukuba umenyiwe kwikhaya lomntu ukuze ufumane isidlo sangokuhlwa okanye umbhiyozo (onjengeKrismesi), uzisa isipho esincinane njengetshokholethi okanye ibhotile yewayini. njengophawu loxabiso luqhele ukwenziwa eSpain. Kubalulekile ukunqanda izihloko ezinobuzaza ezifana nezopolitiko okanye iyantlukwano yengingqi xa uzibandakanya nabathengi baseSpain ngenxa yongquzulwano lwembali olusaxhaphakileyo namhlanje malunga nomnqweno wokuzimela wemimandla ethile. Lilonke, ukuqonda ezi mpawu zabathengi kunokunceda ukuseka intsebenziswano entle ngelixa unqanda i-taboos enokubakho xa uqhuba ishishini okanye unxulumana nabantu abavela eSpain.
Inkqubo yolawulo lweCustoms
ISpeyin, ekumzantsi-ntshona weYurophu, inenkqubo emiselwe kakuhle yokulawula izithethe nemida. Ilizwe liphumeze imigaqo engqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko lwemida yalo. Xa ungena okanye uphuma eSpeyin, kukho iingongoma ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba ube namaxwebhu okundwendwela asemthethweni. Abemi abangengabo abeManyano yaseYurophu kufuneka babe nencwadana yokundwendwela esemthethweni eneenyanga ezintandathu ubuncinci besemthethweni. Abemi be-EU banokuhamba ngaphakathi koMmandla we-Schengen besebenzisa amakhadi abo okuzazisa esizwe. Iimpahla ezingeniswa kwaye zakhutshwa eSpain ziphantsi kwemimiselo yezithethe. Abahambi kufuneka babhengeze naziphi na izinto ezidlula imiqathango ethile okanye ezifuna iimvume ezikhethekileyo ezifana nemipu, iimveliso zokutya, okanye izinto zakudala zenkcubeko. Izibonelelo ezingahlawulelwayo kutywala, iimveliso zecuba, kunye nezinye iimpahla zinokusebenza. Kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya zaseSpain kunye namazibuko olwandle, amagosa ecustom ahlala eqhuba uhlolo olungenamkhethe lweziyobisi kunye nezinye izinto ezingavumelekanga. Kubalulekile ukuba ungangeni naziphi na iziyobisi elizweni njengoko izohlwayo eziqatha zinokuwiswa ukuba zifunyenwe. Abatyeleli kufuneka bazazi izithintelo malunga nokungeniswa kwemali okanye ukuthumela ngaphandle. Ukuba ithwele ngaphezu kwe-€ 10,000 (okanye ilingana kwenye imali), kufuneka ibhengezwe xa ufika okanye uhamba. Ngapha koko, abahambi abavela kumazwe angengawo awe-EU kufuneka baziqhelanise neemfuno ze-visa ngaphambi kohambo lwabo oluya eSpain. Abemi belizwe abangayifumani i-Visa banokuhlala ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezingama-90 ngaphakathi kwexesha leentsuku ezili-180 ngeenjongo zokhenketho kodwa banokufuna ii-visa ezithile zomsebenzi okanye iinjongo zokufunda. Ukongeza, abakhweli abafika bevela ngaphandle kwe-EU banokungena kwiitshekhi ezongezelelweyo zokhuseleko ezinxulumene nemilinganiselo yezempilo efana ne-COVID-19 yemigaqo yokuhlola esetwe ngabasemagunyeni baseSpain. Ngokubanzi, xa ungena okanye uphuma kwimida yaseSpain: 1) Phatha amaxwebhu okuhamba asebenzayo. I-2) Ukuthobela imimiselo yamasiko: Xela izinto ezithintelweyo ukuba kuyimfuneko. 3) Musa ukuphatha iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni - izohlwayo ezinzima ziyasebenza. 4) Qaphela izithintelo zemali. 5) Qonda iimfuno ze-visa ngaphambi kokuhamba. 6) Thobela iimfuno zokungena ezinxulumene nempilo ngexesha lendyikityha efana ne-COVID-19. Ngokulandela ezi zikhokelo, abakhenkethi banokuhamba ngeendlela zaseSpain kunye nenkqubo yokulawula umda kakuhle ngelixa beqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yendawo.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu
Umgaqo-nkqubo we-Espany we-import duty policy yenzelwe ukulawula nokulawula ukungena kwempahla elizweni evela phesheya. Urhulumente waseSpeyin umisela irhafu ethile kwiimveliso ezivela kwamanye amazwe ukuze kukhuselwe imizi-mveliso yasekhaya, kwenziwe ingeniso nokuqinisekisa ukhuphiswano olufanelekileyo. Imisebenzi yokungenisa elizweni eSpain iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemveliso, imvelaphi yayo, kunye nokuhlelwa kwayo phantsi kwezivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe. Ikhowudi yeHarmonized System (HS) isetyenziselwa ukwahlula iimpahla kunye nokumisela imirhumo esebenzayo. Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeereyithi ezisekelwe kwi-ad valorem okanye imilinganiselo ethile. Iimpahla ezithile ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokutya okusisiseko okanye izixhobo zonyango zisenokuba zicuthiwe okanye zero amaxabiso erhafu ukukhuthaza ukufumaneka kwazo ngamaxabiso afanelekileyo kubathengi. Ngokuchaseneyo, izinto zodidi oluphezulu ezifana ne-electronics ephezulu okanye iimveliso zefashoni zihlala zijongana namaxabiso aphezulu. Ukubala umrhumo wokungenisa elizweni eSpain, umntu kufuneka athathele ingqalelo ixabiso elibhengeziweyo lempahla engenisiweyo, iindleko zothutho, iintlawulo ze-inshorensi, kunye nezinye izinto ezifanelekileyo. Olu balo lusekwe kwimithetho yoqingqo-maxabiso olusekwe zizivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana nesiVumelwano sokuVavanywa kweRhwebo lweHlabathi (i-WTO). Ukongeza kwimisebenzi yokungenisa ngokubanzi, iSpain inokumisela iirhafu ezongezelelweyo ezifana nerhafu yexabiso elongeziweyo (i-VAT) okanye irhafu yokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokusasazwa kwazo ngaphakathi kwelizwe. I-Spain nayo inezivumelwano zorhwebo namanye amazwe ezinokuchaphazela umgaqo-nkqubo wayo werhafu. Umzekelo, ukuba iSpain inesivumelwano sorhwebo simahla kunye nelizwe elithile esisusa okanye sicuthe iirhafu zeemveliso ezithile ezisuka apho. Ngokubanzi, umgaqo-nkqubo werhafu wokungenisa elizweni waseSpain ufuna ukulinganisa phakathi kokukhusela amashishini asekhaya ngelixa uqinisekisa ukufikeleleka kubathengi. Ikwahambelana nemigaqo yorhwebo lwehlabathi kwaye ithathela ingqalelo izivumelwano zamazwe amabini ezijolise ekukhuthazeni intsebenziswano yezoqoqosho namanye amazwe.
Iipolisi zerhafu ezithumela ngaphandle
Spain+has+a+tax+policy+in+place+for+its+export+goods+to+regulate+the+taxation+on+these+products.+The+country+follows+the+European+Union%27s+%28EU%29+common+commercial+policy%2C+which+aims+to+ensure+fair+competition+and+protect+domestic+industries.%0A%0AIn+general%2C+Spain+does+not+impose+specific+taxes+on+exported+goods.+However%2C+exports+from+Spain+are+subject+to+value-added+tax+%28VAT%29+based+on+EU+regulations.+The+VAT+rate+applicable+depends+on+the+type+of+goods+being+exported.%0A%0AFor+most+goods%2C+a+standard+VAT+rate+of+21%25+is+levied.+This+means+that+exporters+must+include+this+tax+in+the+price+of+their+products+when+selling+them+abroad.+However%2C+if+the+export+qualifies+for+zero-rated+VAT+under+EU+rules%2C+no+additional+taxes+are+paid+by+exporters.%0A%0ATo+qualify+for+zero-rated+VAT%2C+certain+conditions+must+be+met.+For+example%2C+exports+to+non-EU+countries+or+supplies+directly+related+to+an+international+transport+service+are+usually+exempt+from+VAT.+Additionally%2C+some+exports+may+be+eligible+for+reduced+rates+or+exemptions+depending+on+specific+industries+or+agreements+with+trading+partners.%0A%0AIt+is+important+to+note+that+customs+duties+may+also+apply+when+exporting+goods+from+Spain+to+non-EU+countries+based+on+international+trade+agreements+and+tariffs+established+by+those+countries+or+regions.%0A%0AOverall%2C+while+Spain+follows+the+EU%27s+common+commercial+policy+regarding+taxation+on+export+goods+by+applying+value-added+tax+according+to+different+rates+and+exemptions+based+on+specific+conditions+and+agreements+with+trading+partners+were+applicable%2C%2C+no+specific+taxes+are+imposed+solely+for+exports+within+Spain+itself.%0A翻译xh失败,错误码: 错误信息:Recv failure: Connection was reset
Iziqinisekiso ezifunekayo zokuthumela ngaphandle
ISpain yaziwa ngoqoqosho lwayo olwahlukeneyo nolukhulayo, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kuyeyona nto inegalelo elikhulu. Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokunyaniseka kwezi mpahla zithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, iSpain iphumeze iinkqubo ezingqongqo zokukhutshwa kwesatifikethi sokuthumela ngaphandle. Urhulumente waseSpain, ngoMphathiswa wezoQoqosho kunye noKhuphiswano, wongamela ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle. Igunya eliphambili elinoxanduva lokukhupha izatifikethi zokuthumela ngaphandle yiSpanish Institute for Foreign Trade (ICEX). Basebenza ngokusondeleyo nezinye ii-arhente zikarhulumente ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kwaye zithobela imigaqo yorhwebo. I-ICEX ibonelela ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezatifikethi zokuthumela ngaphandle ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwemveliso ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Esinye isatifikethi esibalulekileyo siSatifikethi seMvelaphi, esiqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yenziwe okanye yalungiswa eSpain. Olu xwebhu luqinisekisa ukungafihli kwiindlela zorhwebo kwaye lunceda ukuthintela ubuqhophololo okanye iimpahla zomgunyathi ekungeneni kwiimarike zangaphandle. Esinye isiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo kukumakishwa kweCE. Olu phawu lubonisa ukuba imveliso ihambelana neemfuno zokhuseleko zeManyano yaseYurophu, impilo, kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Ibonisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweSpeyin kuhlangabezana nemigangatho ye-EU kwaye kunokuthengiswa ngokukhululekile kumazwe angamalungu. Ukongeza, kuxhomekeke kubume bempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle, izatifikethi ezithile zinokufuneka. Umzekelo, iimveliso zokutya kufuneka zihambelane nemigaqo yokhuseleko lokutya elawulwa ziiarhente zikarhulumente ezifana ne-Arhente yaseSpain yoKhuseleko lokutya kunye neZondlo (AESAN). Ngokufanayo, iimveliso zezolimo kufuneka zihambelane nemilinganiselo ye-phytosanitary enikezelwa nguMphathiswa wezoLimo. I-Spain ikwabandakanyeka kwizivumelwano zamazwe amabini kunye namazwe angamahlakani ukuququzelela urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ezi zivumelwano zibonelela ngokuqondana kweenkqubo zovavanyo lokuthobela phakathi kweSpeyin kunye namaqabane ayo orhwebo ngelixa iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yelizwe. Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba ukufumana iziqinisekiso eziyimfuneko kubandakanya ukungeniswa kwamaxwebhu angqongqo kunye nohlolo okanye uphicotho olwenziwa ngabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo. Abathumeli bangaphandle bayacetyiswa ukuba baziqhelanise neemfuno ezithile zeemveliso zabo ezithile ngaphambi kokuba baqalise nayiphi na imisebenzi yokuthumela ngaphandle evela eSpain. Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwesatifikethi yaseSpain ijolise ekuqinisekiseni imilinganiselo yolawulo lomgangatho ngelixa idibana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe ebekwe ngamazwe angaphandle. Ilizwe libeka phambili elubala kwiinkqubo zorhwebo ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa ezifanelekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle kweSpanish kuthembekile kwaye kuthenjwa kwihlabathi liphela.
Ulungiselelo lolungiselelo olucetyiswayo
ISpain lilizwe elikumzantsi-ntshona weYurophu, elaziwa ngokuba lilifa lenkcubeko elityebileyo kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba. Xa kufikwa kwiinkonzo zothutho kunye nezothutho, iSpain ibonelela ngeendlela ezininzi ezibalaseleyo kumashishini nakubantu. Okokuqala, iSpain inothungelwano olubanzi lweziseko zothutho eziququzelela ulungiselelo olusebenzayo. Ilizwe liqhayisa ngeendlela ezigcinwe kakuhle kunye nohola bendlela ezidibanisa izixeko kunye nemimandla eyahlukeneyo eSpain, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuthutha iimpahla kwilizwe lonke. Ukongeza, iSpain inenkqubo kaloliwe eyomeleleyo ebonelela ngeenkonzo zothutho ezithembekileyo zothutho. Ngokubhekiselele kwiinkonzo zomthwalo womoya, iSpain likhaya lezikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezininzi ezixakekileyo ezineendawo ezigqwesileyo zokuphatha imithwalo. Isikhululo senqwelomoya saseBarcelona-El Prat kunye neSikhululo seenqwelomoya saseMadrid-Barajas ziindawo ezimbini ezinkulu apho amashishini anokuthumela lula okanye afumane iimpahla ngenqwelo moya. Ezi zikhululo zeenqwelo moya zineendawo zokupakisha imithwalo ezinetekhnoloji yale mihla ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Ngaphaya koko, iSpain inamazibuko amaninzi akumgangatho wehlabathi aphatha umthamo omkhulu worhwebo lwaselwandle. IPort of Valencia ngomnye umzekelo onjalo; isebenza njengesango elikhulu lokungenisa kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukusuka kumazantsi eYurophu. Ngee-terminals ze-container ze-state-of-art kunye neenkqubo ezisebenzayo ze-custom, eli zibuko libonelela ngeendlela ezithembekileyo zokuthumela iinqanawa kumashishini ajonge ukuthutha iimpahla ngolwandle. Ukongeza kwiziseko ezingundoqo, iSpain ikwahlala iinkampani ezininzi zezinto ezibonelela ngezisombululo ezibanzi zobonelelo. Ezi nkampani zibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo ezifana nokugcinwa kwempahla, ulawulo lokusasaza, ukukhutshwa kwempahla, kunye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla. Abanye ababoneleli bempahla abaziwayo eSpain baquka i-DHL Supply Chain, iDB Schenker Logistics Ibérica S.L.U., Kühne + Nagel Logistics S.A., phakathi kwabanye. Ngaphaya koko, ukuba ujonge iinkonzo zothutho ezikhethekileyo kumashishini afana namayeza okanye iimpahla ezitshabalalayo - ababoneleli bezixhobo ezibandayo ezifana noNorbert Dentressangle Iberica okanye iDachs España banikezela ngeendawo zokugcina ezilawulwa ngamaqondo obushushu kunye nezisombululo zothutho eziqinisekisa intembeko yeemveliso ezinovakalelo ngexesha lokuhamba. Lilonke, iCitas Import Export Solutions planes de Logística s.l.lukhetho olufanelekileyo ngenxa yamava abo abanzi ebaleni, uthungelwano olomeleleyo, kunye nokuzinikela kwinkonzo ebalaseleyo yabathengi. Ukuqukumbela, iSpain ibonelela ngothungelwano oluthembekileyo nolusebenzayo lothutho olubandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho kubandakanya iindlela, oololiwe, iinkonzo zomthwalo womoya, kunye namazibuko. Ngeenkampani ezininzi zolungiselelo ezibonelela ngezisombululo ezibanzi zekhonkco lokubonelela, amashishini anokufumana ukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zabo ezithile. Nokuba luthutho lwangaphakathi okanye lwamazwe ngamazwe, iSpain inamaziko kunye nobuchule bokusingatha uluhlu olubanzi lweemfuno zolungiselelo.
Imijelo yophuhliso lwabathengi

Imiboniso yorhwebo ebalulekileyo

ISpain lilizwe elaziwayo xa kuziwa ekuthengeni izinto kumazwe ngamazwe. Ibonelela ngamajelo amaninzi abalulekileyo kubathengi kwaye ibamba iindidi zemiboniso zorhwebo ebalulekileyo. Ezi ndlela zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni uqhagamshelwano, uthungelwano, kunye nokukhangela amathuba okwandisa ishishini. Okokuqala, enye yeendlela eziphambili kubathengi bamazwe aphesheya eSpain kukumagumbi orhwebo okanye imibutho yoshishino. Le mibutho isebenza njengamaqonga axabisekileyo okunxibelelana nababoneleli baseSpain kunye nabavelisi kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Banikezela ngesikhokelo, inkxaso, kwaye baququzelele iminyhadala eyahlukeneyo ukuququzelela intsebenziswano yomthengi-nomthengisi. Okwesibini, ii-arhente zikarhulumente zaseSpain ezifana ne-ICEX (iSpanish Institute for Foreign Trade) zikhuthaza ngokusebenzayo ubudlelwane borhwebo phakathi kweenkampani zaseSpain kunye nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe. Banikezela ngeenkonzo ezisusela kuphando lwemarike ukuya kwimisitho yokuhambelana, evumela abathengi bangaphandle ukuba baphonononge intsebenziswano enokubakho namashishini aseSpain. Ngaphaya koko, iSpain iseke imimandla yorhwebo yasimahla (FTZs) etsala abathengi behlabathi abafuna iindlela zokuthenga ezingabizi kakhulu. Ezi FTZs zibonelela ngenkuthazo yerhafu, iinkqubo ezilungelelanisiweyo zerhafu, kunye namaziko akhoyo aluncedo kwimisebenzi yokukhangela amazwe ngamazwe. Ngapha koko, iSpain ibamba imiboniso zorhwebo emininzi ebalulekileyo etsala abathengi bamazwe aphesheya abavela kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Eminye imizekelo ephawulekayo ibandakanya: 1. I-Mobile World Congress: Omnye weyona miboniso mikhulu yetekhnoloji ephathwayo ebanjwa minyaka le e-Barcelona itsala iinkokeli zeshishini ezifuna izisombululo zeselfowuni. 2. I-FITUR: Umboniso ophambili wokhenketho obanjelwe eMadrid obonelela ngamathuba okuba iiarhente zokuhamba, abakhenkethi, abaninizihotele babonise iimveliso/iinkonzo zabo koogxa bamazwe ngamazwe. 3.GIfTEXPO: Lo Mboniso weZipho waMazwe ngaMazwe unoluhlu olubanzi lwezipho ezisemgangathweni eziquka imisebenzi yezandla, 4. Umtsalane weFruit: Umsitho obalulekileyo ogxile kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno etsala abathengisi behlabathi bezolimo abafuna imveliso yaseSpain, 5.CEVISAMA: Lo mboniso waziwayo weethayile zeceramic obanjelwe eValencia udibanisa iingcali zoshishino ezinomdla kwiindlela zamva nje kunye nezinto ezintsha ezinxulumene neeseramics, Le miboniso isebenza njengamaqonga afanelekileyo apho abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe banokudibana nababoneleli ngeenkonzo ubuso ngobuso ngelixa besahlaziywa kwiintsingiselo zemarike ezivelayo kumacandelo abo. Ukuqukumbela,j kubathengi bamanye amazwe, iSpain inikezela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezibalulekileyo zokuphuhlisa ubudlelwane borhwebo namashishini aseSpain. Amaziko orhwebo, ii-arhente zikarhulumente, kunye nemimandla yorhwebo lwasimahla ibonelela ngesakhiwo senkxaso esiyimfuneko, ngelixa imiboniso yorhwebo kunye nemiboniso ibonelela ngamathuba okunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nababoneleli abanokubakho. Ezi ndlela zinegalelo elikhulu ekumeni kweSpain njengendawo enomtsalane yokusingwa kwimisebenzi yokuthengwa kwempahla kumazwe ngamazwe.
ESpain, kukho iinjini zokukhangela ezininzi ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Nazi ezinye zezona zidumileyo kunye nee-URL zewebhusayithi yazo: 1. Google: Eyona njini yokukhangela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi, ikwadume kakhulu eSpain. Abantu banokufikelela ku-www.google.es. 2. I-Bing: Enye injini yokukhangela esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwihlabathi jikelele, i-Bing ikwasetyenziswa rhoqo eSpain. Ungayifumana ku-www.bing.com. 3. I-Yahoo: Nangona udumo lwe-Yahoo lwehlile ekuhambeni kweminyaka, iseyinjini yokukhangela esetyenziswa rhoqo eSpain. I-URL yewebhusayithi yayo ithi www.yahoo.es. 4. I-DuckDuckGo: Iyaziwa ngokubeka phambili ubumfihlo babasebenzisi kwaye ingalandeli ulwazi lomntu siqu, iDuckDuckGo ifumene udumo njengenye indlela yokukhangela injini eSpain nayo. I-URL yewebhusayithi yayo ithi duckduckgo.com/es. 5. Yandex: Yandex yinjini yokukhangela esekwe eRashiya ebonelela ngeziphumo zophendlo lwewebhu kunye neenkonzo ze-intanethi kubasebenzisi abathetha isiSpanish ngokunjalo. Abantu baseSpain banokufikelela kwiinkonzo zabo nge-www.yandex.es. Nceda uqaphele ukuba le yimizekelo nje embalwa yeenjini zokukhangela eziqhele ukusetyenziswa eSpain, kwaye kunokubakho ezinye iinketho zengingqi okanye ezizodwa ezikhoyo.

Amaphepha amakhulu atyheli

Awona maphepha atyheli aseSpain aquka: 1. I-Paginas Amarillas (https://www.paginasamarillas.es/): Le yincwadi ekhokelayo yamaphepha omthubi eSpain, enikezela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini kumacandelo awohlukeneyo. 2. I-QDQ Media (https://www.qdq.com/): I-QDQ Media ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwe-intanethi kumashishini aseSpain, evumela abasebenzisi ukuba bakhangele abafowunelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana nendawo, imboni, kunye neenkonzo. 3. 11870 (https://www.11870.com/): I-11870 yindawo eyaziwayo ye-intanethi apho abasebenzisi banokufumana ulwazi loqhagamshelwano lwamashishini aseSpain. Ikwabonisa uphononongo kunye neereyithingi ezivela kwabanye abasebenzisi. 4. I-Guía Telefónica de España (https://www.guiatelefonicadeespana.com/): Olu luhlu lubonelela ngoluhlu lwamashishini kunye neengcali kulo lonke elase-Spain, ngokwahlulo lwesixeko okanye ummandla. 5. Directorio de Empresas de España (https://empresas.hospitalet.cat/es/home.html): Olu luluhlu lweshishini olusemthethweni olugcinwa liBhunga lesiXeko sase-Hospitalet eCatalonia oluquka uludwe lweenkampani kunye nemibutho kumashishini awohlukeneyo. 6. I-Infobel Spain Business Directory (https://infobel.com/en/spain/business): I-Infobel ibonelela ngoluhlu lweshishini lwe-intanethi oluquka amazwe aliqela kuquka iSpain, olunika iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeenkampani. 7. Kompass - Spanish Yellow Pages (https://es.kompass.com/business-directory/spain/dir-01/page-1): I-Kompass ibonelela ngokufikelela kugcino lwedatha olubanzi lweenkampani zaseSpain ezithatha amacandelo ahlukeneyo, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba ukukhangela okusekwe kwiikhrayitheriya ezithile ezifana neshishini okanye ubungakanani benkampani. Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yoluhlu lwamaphepha atyheli amakhulu akhoyo eSpain. Khumbula ukuba uluhlu ngalunye lunokuba nezinto zalo ezikhethekileyo okanye iinkalo ekugxilwe kuzo ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo egqunyiweyo okanye iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo ezibonelelwayo.

Amaqonga amakhulu orhwebo

ISpain, ilizwe elihle kuMazantsi eYurophu, iye yavela njengelinye lamazwe aphambili ngokweqonga le-e-commerce. Nanga amanye amaqonga amakhulu e-e-commerce eSpain kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. IAmazon yaseSpain: Njengengxilimbela yamazwe ngamazwe, iAmazon ikwindawo ebalaseleyo kwimarike yaseSpain. Inika uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. umthombo: https://www.amazon.es/ 2. El Corte Inglés: Eli lelinye lawona makhonkco evenkile amakhulu eSpain athe anwenwa kwimarike ye-intanethi. Ibonelela ngeendidi ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso kubandakanya ifashoni, i-elektroniki, kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya. umthombo: https://www.elcorteingles.es/ 3. I-AliExpress: Isuka e-China kodwa ngesiseko esibalulekileyo sabathengi eSpain, i-AliExpress idume ngamaxabiso afikelelekayo kunye nokukhethwa kwemveliso ngokubanzi kwiindidi ezininzi. umthombo: https://es.aliexpress.com/ 4. I-eBay Spain: Enye yezona ndawo ziyaziwa kakhulu kwifandesi ye-intanethi kunye newebhusayithi yokuthenga, i-eBay isebenza eSpain apho abasebenzisi banokuthenga izinto ezintsha kunye nezisetyenzisiweyo ngokulula. umthombo: https://www.ebay.es/ 5.JD.com : I-JD.com yenze uphawu lwayo njengowona mthengisi mkhulu waseTshayina kodwa iye yanda kwihlabathi jikelele kumazwe afana neSpain ebonelela ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-electronics, impahla, iimveliso zobuhle njalo njalo .Iwebhusayithi :https://global.jd .com/es 6.Worten : Umthengisi odumileyo waseSpain osebenza kubathengi be-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo zekhaya ezisebenza kwi-intanethi kunye nakwiivenkile ezibonakalayo kwilizwe liphela.Iwebhusayithi :https://www.worten.es 7.MediaMarkt ES : Omnye umthengisi owaziwayo wezinto zombane osebenza kumazwe amaninzi kuquka iSpain.Ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zombane ezifana nee-smartphones, iilaptops njl.njl.Iwebhusayithi :https://www.mediamarkt.es/ Le yeminye yemizekelo nje yamaqonga ee-commerce aphambili abonelela abathengi ngaphakathi eSpain.Babonelela abathengi ngendlela elula yokufikelela kuluhlu olubanzi lweentengiso ezivela kwihlabathi liphela.Ukusebenza ngala maqonga kunceda abantu baseSpain ukonwabele ukonwabela ukuthenga kwi-intanethi.

Amaqonga amakhulu eendaba zoluntu

ESpain, kukho amaqonga eendaba ezentlalo adumileyo adibanisa abantu kunye nokukhuthaza unxibelelwano. Nazi ezinye zezona ndawo ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwinethiwekhi yoluntu eSpain, kunye nee-URL zazo ezihambelanayo: 1. Facebook - https://www.facebook.com I-Facebook yeyona ndawo yaziwa kakhulu kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwinethiwekhi yoluntu kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya neSpain. Abasebenzisi banokunxulumana nabahlobo kunye nosapho, babelane ngohlaziyo, iifoto, iividiyo, kwaye bajoyine amaqela ahlukeneyo anomdla. 2. Instagram - https://www.instagram.com I-Instagram liqonga elibonakalayo apho abasebenzisi banokwabelana ngeefoto kunye neevidiyo ezimfutshane. Ifumene ukuthandwa okukhulu eSpain nakwihlabathi jikelele ngenxa yokugxila kumxholo wokubonwayo. 3. Twitter - https://twitter.com I-Twitter yenza ukuba abasebenzisi bathumele imiyalezo emifutshane ebizwa ngokuba yi-"tweets" ukuya kuthi ga kwi-280 yoonobumba ubude. Isebenza njengeqonga lexesha langempela lokwabelana ngolwazi apho abasebenzisi banokulandela abanye kwaye babandakanyeke kwiincoko besebenzisa ii-hashtag. 4. LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com I-LinkedIn yindawo yokunxibelelana yobuchwephesha evumela abantu ukuba benze iiprofayili eziqaqambisa izakhono zabo, imfundo, amava omsebenzi, kunye nezinto abazifezileyo. Inceda iingcali zandise inethiwekhi yazo yobuchwephesha ngokunxulumana nabalingane okanye abanokuba ngabaqeshi. 5. TikTok - https://www.tiktok.com I-TikTok liqonga lokuyila lokwabelana ngeevidiyo ezimfutshane ukusuka kwimidlalo yokuvumelanisa imilebe ukuya kwi-skits ezihlekisayo okanye iindlela zokudanisa ezidumileyo kwizizukulwana eziselula eSpain. 6. WhatsApp - https://www.whatsapp.com Ngelixa ingaqwalaselwa njengeqonga leendaba lentlalontle ngokwese; I-WhatsApp idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuluntu lwaseSpain ngeenjongo zonxibelelwano ngokuthumela imiyalezo okanye ngelizwi/ngevidiyo phakathi kwabantu okanye iincoko zeqela. 7.Ukongezelela kula maqonga ehlabathi adweliswe ngasentla anesiseko esibalulekileyo sabasebenzisi kuluntu lwaseSpain; ezinye iinethiwekhi zasekuhlaleni zaseSpain ziquka: Xing (https://www.xing.es) I-Tuenti (https://tuenti.es) Nceda uqaphele ukuba ukuthandwa kwala maqonga kunokwahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha naphakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo obudala.

Imibutho emikhulu yoshishino

ISpain inoqoqosho olutyebileyo nolwahlukeneyo kunye nemibutho eyahlukeneyo yamashishini amakhulu amele amacandelo ahlukeneyo. Nalu uluhlu lweminye imibutho ephambili yoshishino eSpain kunye neewebhusayithi zabo ezisemthethweni: 1. I-Spanish Confederation of Business Organisations (CEOE) - ibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini, kuquka imveliso, ukwakhiwa, ukhenketho kunye nezezimali. umthombo: http://www.ceoe.es 2. I-Spanish Association of Automotive Suppliers (SERNAUTO) - imele iinkampani ezibandakanyekayo kwi-chain chain yecandelo lezemoto. umthombo: http://www.sernauto.es 3. I-Spanish Confederation of Hotels and Tourist Accommodation (CEHAT) - imele umdla weehotele kunye nezinye iindawo zokuhlala. umthombo: https://www.cehat.com 4. I-Spanish Association for Renewable Energies (APPARE) - igxile ekukhuthazeni ukuhlaziywa okufana nomoya, ilanga, amandla ombane. umthombo: https://apppare.asociaciones.org/ 5. I-National Federation of Food Industries and Beverages (FIAB) - imele ishishini lokutya eliquka amacandelo okulungisa, okuvelisa kunye nokuhanjiswa. umthombo: https://fiab.es/ 6. I-Spanish Photovoltaic Union (UNEF) - ikhuthaza ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ze-photovoltaic. umthombo: http://unefotovoltaica.org/ 7. Umbutho weSizwe waBavelisi beNsimbi eSpain (SIDEREX) - imele iinkampani zokwenza intsimbi ezisebenza eSpain. umthombo: http://siderex.com/en/ 8. IKomiti yabaSebenzi beeNqwelo-moya eSpain-Portugal (COCAE)- imele abasebenzi beenqwelo-moya kwimiba yokusebenza kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya eSpain nasePortugal umthombo: http://cocae.aena.es/en/home-en/ I-9.Spanish Meterological Society (SEM)- idibanisa kunye neengcali ezibandakanyeka kwi-meteorology okanye isayensi ehambelanayo ukukhuthaza amathuba ophando ngaphakathi kweli candelo. iwebhusayithi: http/https//sites.google.com/view/sociedad-semen/homespan> Le yimizekelo nje embalwa evela kwinani elikhulu lemibutho eSpain. Umbutho ngamnye kule mibutho udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumeleni, ekukhuthazeni, nasekuboneleleni ngenkxaso kumashishini abo.

Iiwebhusayithi zeshishini kunye norhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zezoqoqosho nezorhwebo eSpain ezibonelela ngolwazi ngoqoqosho lwelizwe, urhwebo, kunye namathuba oshishino. Nazi ezinye zazo kunye needilesi zabo zewebhusayithi: 1. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeGunya loRhwebo laseSpain: http://www.camaras.org/en/home/ Le webhusayithi inikezela ngolwazi olubanzi ngoqoqosho lwaseSpain, amacandelo oshishino, uncedo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kunye neenkcukacha zorhwebo. 2. IPortal yoRhwebo lweHlabathi lwaseSpain: https://www.spainbusiness.com/ Eli qonga libonelela ngezimvo ezixabisekileyo kumathuba oshishino lwaseSpain kumacandelo amaninzi. Ibandakanya iinkcukacha kwiiprojekthi zotyalo-mali, iingxelo zemarike, iinkonzo zebhanki zeenkampani, kunye nezibonelelo zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe. 3. I-ICEX yaseSpain yoRhwebo kunye noTyalo-mali: https://www.icex.es/icex/es/index.html Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-ICEX (Iziko loRhwebo lwaNgaphandle) linikezela ngolwazi olubanzi malunga nokwenza ishishini eSpain. Ibonelela ngesikhokelo kwiinkampani zangaphandle ezinomdla kutyalo-mali okanye ekwandiseni kwimarike yaseSpain. 4. Tyala imali eSpain: http://www.investinspain.org/ Le portal karhulumente inika umxholo onxulumene notyalo-mali olungiselelwe amacandelo ahlukeneyo afana nokhenketho, uphuhliso lwezindlu nomhlaba, iziseko zolungiselelo, iipaki zobugcisa, iiprojekthi zamandla ahlaziyekayo njl.njl. 5. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yeZiko leSizwe leNkcazo-manani (INE): https://www.indexmundi.com/spain/economy_profile.html Iwebhusayithi ye-INE inikezela ngezalathi zezoqoqosho ezifana namazinga okukhula kweGDP; iindlela zabantu; idatha ethile kushishino; izibalo zemarike yabasebenzi njl.njl., ezinokunceda amashishini avavanye amathuba otyalo-mali anokubakho. 6. Barcelona Activa Business Support Agency: http://w41.bcn.cat/activaciobcn/cat/tradebureau/welcome.jsp?espai_sp=1000 Kugxilwe ngokukodwa kwi-Barcelona njenge-hub engundoqo yezoqoqosho ngaphakathi kweSpeyin esi siza sibonelela ngenkxaso kunye nezibonelelo kumashishini asekuhlaleni kunye nabo bafuna ukuseta imisebenzi okanye ukutyala imali kummandla. 7. Igumbi loRhwebo laseMadrid: https://www.camaramadrid.es/es-ES/Paginas/Home.aspx Iwebhusayithi yeli gumbi inika ulwazi malunga neziganeko zothungelwano, iinkonzo zoshishino, kunye nemiboniso yorhwebo ebanjelwe eMadrid kwaye ikhuthaza ukukhula koshishino kunye namathuba onxibelelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe kummandla. Ezi webhusayithi zinokusebenza njengezixhobo ezixabisekileyo kubantu okanye iinkampani ezijonge ukuqonda imeko yezoqoqosho yaseSpain, ziphonononge amathuba otyalo-mali, okanye ziseke ubudlelwane beshishini kwilizwe.

Iiwebhusayithi zemibuzo yedatha yorhwebo

Kukho iiwebhusayithi ezininzi zemibuzo yorhwebo ekhoyo eSpain. Nalu uluhlu lwabanye babo ngee-URL zabo: 1. ISpanish National Institute of Statistics (INE) - Le webhusayithi ibonelela ngedatha yorhwebo ebanzi kunye nezibalo zeSpain. I-URL: https://www.ine.es/en/welcome.shtml 2. UMphathiswa wezoShishino, uRhwebo, kunye noKhenketho - Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yoMphathiswa kaRhulumente waseSpain ibonelela ngolwazi olunxulumene norhwebo kunye neenkcukacha. I-URL: https://www.mincotur.gob.es/en-us/Paginas/default.aspx 3. I-ICEX España Exportación e Inversiones - Le yiphothali esemthethweni yaseSpain karhulumente malunga nokuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe kunye notyalo-mali lwangaphandle. URL: https://www.icex.es/icex/es/index.html 4. I-Banco de España (iBhanki yaseSpain) - Iwebhusayithi yebhanki ephakathi inikezela ngezibonakaliso zezoqoqosho ezibandakanya idatha yorhwebo. URL: http://www.bde.es/bde/en/ 5. I-Eurostat - Nangona ingangqalanga eSpain, i-Eurostat iqokelela iinkcukacha-manani ze-European Union ezibanzi kuquka amanani orhwebo kumazwe angamalungu afana neSpain. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/home Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezinye iiwebhusayithi zinokufuna ukhetho lolwimi okanye zinike iinketho zokujonga ngesiNgesi ukuba ziyafumaneka kwiphepha lasekhaya. Ezi webhusayithi ziya kukubonelela ngolwazi lwangoku malunga nokungeniswa ngaphandle, ukuthumela ngaphandle, ibhalansi yorhwebo, iirhafu, ukuhamba kotyalo-mali, kunye nezinye izinto ezinxulumene norhwebo ezinxulumene nelizwe laseSpain.

amaqonga B2b

ISpain, ekubeni lilizwe eliphuhlileyo elinoqoqosho olomeleleyo, libonelela ngamaqonga ahlukeneyo eB2B kumashishini ukuba aqhagamshele kwaye asebenzisane. Nanga amanye amaqonga eB2B eSpain kunye neewebhusayithi zabo: 1. I-SoloStocks (www.solostocks.com): I-SoloStocks yenye yeqonga le-e-commerce elikhokelayo eSpeyin elidibanisa abathengi kunye nabathengisi kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo. 2. I-TradeKey (www.tradekey.com): I-TradeKey yimarike ye-B2B yamazwe ngamazwe eququzelela urhwebo phakathi kweenkampani zase-Spain kunye nabathengi behlabathi, inikezela ngeemveliso ezininzi kunye neenkonzo. 3. Imithombo yeGlobal (www.globalsources.com): Imithombo yeHlabathi lelinye iqonga elibalaseleyo le-B2B apho abavelisi baseSpain nababoneleli banokubonisa iimveliso zabo kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe, ukuphucula ukufikelela kwabo kwishishini. 4. I-Europages (www.europages.es): I-Europages luluhlu olubanzi lwe-intanethi oluvumela amashishini ukuba akhuthaze iimveliso / iinkonzo zawo ngelixa edibanisa namaqabane anokuba ngamaqabane kulo lonke elaseYurophu. 5. I-Toboc (www.toboc.com): I-Toboc ibonelela ngeqonga lokurhweba kwihlabathi kwiinkampani zaseSpain ezijonge ukwandisa ukufikelela kwazo kwimarike ngokuzidibanisa nabathengi/ababoneleli bamazwe ngamazwe abaqinisekisiweyo. 6. Sawubona IiNkampani (hellocallday.com/en/sector/companies/buy-sell-in-spain.html): Sawubona IiNkampani zijolise ekudibaniseni amashishini aseSpeyin ngaphakathi kwemarike yendawo, ebenza bakwazi ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa iimpahla / iinkonzo ngokufanelekileyo. 7. I-EWorldTrade(eworldtrade.com/spain/) : I-EWorldTrade ibonelela ngeqonga elibanzi apho abarhwebi baseSpain banokunxulumana nabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kwaye bajonge iimarike ezintsha kwihlabathi jikelele. 8. I-Ofertia (i-ofertia.me/regional/es/madrid/ecommerce.html) : I-Ofertia igxininise kwiintengiso zentengiso yasekhaya kubathengisi baseSpain, ngokufanelekileyo ivala isithuba phakathi kweevenkile zezitena kunye nodaka kunye nabathengi be-intanethi. Le yimizekelo embalwa yamaqonga e-B2B akhoyo eSpain; kusenokubakho amaqonga amaninzi akhethekileyo okanye angqale kwishishini elibonelela ngezidingo ezithile ngokunjalo. Nceda uqaphele ukuba iiwebhusayithi kunye nokufumaneka kungatshintsha. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba undwendwele iiwebhusayithi ezikhankanyiweyo ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga neenkonzo ezibonelelwa kwindawo yentengiso yaseSpain B2B.
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